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Tradisi Pemakaian Geta Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Jepang Nihon Shakai No Seikatsu Ni Okeru Geta No Haki Kanshuu

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Tradisi Pemakaian Geta Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Jepang Nihon Shakai No Seikatsu Ni Okeru Geta No Haki Kanshuu TRADISI PEMAKAIAN GETA DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT JEPANG NIHON SHAKAI NO SEIKATSU NI OKERU GETA NO HAKI KANSHUU SKRIPSI Skripsi Ini Diajukan Kepada Panitia Ujian Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Untuk Melengkapi salah Satu Syarat Ujian Sarjana Dalam Bidang Ilmu Sastra Jepang Oleh: AYU PRANATA SARAGIH 120708064 DEPARTEMEN SASTRA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 i Universitas Sumatera Utara TRADISI PEMAKAIAN GETA DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT JEPANG NIHON SHAKAI NO SEIKATSU NI OKERU GETA NO HAKI KANSHUU SKRIPSI Skripsi Ini Diajukan Kepada Panitia Ujian Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Untuk Melengkapi salah Satu Syarat Ujian Sarjana Dalam Bidang Ilmu Sastra Jepang Oleh: AYU PRANATA SARAGIH 120708064 Pembimbing I Pembimbing II Dr. Diah Syafitri Handayani, M.Litt Prof. Hamzon Situmorang,M.S, Ph.D NIP:19721228 1999 03 2 001 NIP:19580704 1984 12 1 001 DEPARTEMEN SASTRA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 ii Universitas Sumatera Utara Disetujui Oleh, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Medan, September 2016 Departemen Sastra Jepang Ketua, Drs. Eman Kusdiyana, M.Hum NIP : 196009191988031001 iii Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yesus Kristus, oleh karena kasih karunia-Nya yang melimpah, anugerah,dan berkat-Nya yang luar biasa akhirnya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini yang merupakan syarat untuk mencapai gelar sarjana di Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. Adapun skripsi ini berjudul “Tradisi Pemakaian Geta Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Jepang”. Skripsi ini penulis persembahkan kepada orang tua penulis, Ibu Sonti Hutauruk, mama terbaik dan terhebat yang dengan tulus ikhlas memberikan kasih sayang, doa, perhatian, nasihat, dukungan moral dan materil kepada penulis sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan studi di Sastra Jepang USU, khususnya menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya atas bimbingan, didikan, kesabaran, semangat, dan doa yang tiada hentinya mama panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yesus Kristus untuk kesehatan, perlindungan, dan kesuksesan penulis dalam menggapai cita-cita. Pada kesempatan ini penulis juga ingin menyampaikan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Penulis yakin tanpa bantuan, doa, dorongan dan semangat dari berbagai pihak, skripsi ini tidak dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. i Universitas Sumatera Utara 2. Bapak Drs. Eman Kusdiyana, M.Hum, selaku Ketua Departemen Sastra Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 3. Ibu Dr. Diah Syafitri Handayani, M.Litt, selaku dosen pembimbing akademik dan dosen pembimbing I yang telah memberikan waktu dan pemikirannya dalam membimbing, mengarahkan, serta memberikan saran-saran kepada penulis dalam penyusunan skripsi ini hingga selesai. 4. Bapak Prof. Drs. Hamzon Situmorang, M.S., Ph.D,selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah memberikan waktu dan pemikirannya dalam membimbing, mengarahkan, serta memberikan saran-saran kepada penulis dalam penyusunan skripsi ini hingga selesai. 5. Bapak dan ibu dosen, staf pegawai di Departemen Sastra Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara yang telah mendidik dan memberikan ilmu yang bermanfaat bagi penulis selama duduk di bangku perkuliahan. 6. Dosen Penguji Ujian Seminar Proposal dan Penguji Ujian Skripsi, yang telah menyediakan waktu untuk membaca dan menguji skripsi ini. 7. Keluarga besar penulis juga kepada kakak, abang dan adik penulis Eka Kristina Saragih S.Sos, Irwilda Saragih Amd, Jendri Pakpahan S.Kom dan Arga Saliraswati Saragih yang selalu mendoakan dan memberikan semangat kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 8. Abang Djoko Santoso selaku administrasi Departemen Sastra Jepang yang selalu membantu mengurus keperluan akademik dan surat-surat penulis. 9. Sahabat-sahabat penulis dan semua teman-teman yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu, yang selalu menyemangati, mendoakan dan mendengarkan keluh kesah penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. ii Universitas Sumatera Utara 10. Kepada teman-teman seperjuangan stambuk 2012 yang telah mendukung, membantu, dan memberi semangat kepada penulis. 11. Kepada para senior dan junior penulis di Sastra Jepang yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu, yang senantiasa memberikan dukungan dan semangat kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 12. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu-persatu yang telah membantu dan memberikan dukungan kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Semoga kalian selalu diberkati Tuhan dalam setiap langkah kalian. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan, karena menyadari segala keterbatasan yang ada. Untuk itu demi sempurnanya skripsi ini, penulis sangat membutuhkan dukungan dan sumbangsih pikiran berupa kritikdan saran yang bersifat membangun. Akhir kata, semoga skripsi ini berguna dan bermanfaat bagi penulis serta para pembaca. Medan, September 2016 Penulis Ayu Pranata Saragih iii Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... iv BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah .............................................................. 1 1.2 Perumusan Masalah ..................................................................... 5 1.3 Ruang Lingkup Pembahasan........................................................ 6 1.4 Tinjauan Pustaka dan Kerangka Teori ......................................... 7 1.5 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .................................................... 11 1.6 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................ 12 BAB II SEJARAH KEMUNCULANGETA DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT JEPANG 2.1 Pengertian Geta ............................................................................ 14 2.2 Sejarah KemunculanGeta ............................................................ 16 2.3 BentukGeta .................................................................................. 25 2.4 Jenis-Jenis Geta ........................................................................... 28 2.4.1 Jenis Geta Berdasarkan Jumlah Haknya .............................. 28 2.4.2 Jenis Geta Berdasarkan Fungsinya ....................................... 30 BAB III TRADISI PEMAKAIAN GETA DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT JEPANG 3.1 Fungsi dan Makna Geta ............................................................... 38 3.2 Waktu dan Tempat PemakaianGeta............................................. 40 3.2.1 Waktu PemakaianGeta ......................................................... 40 3.2.2 Tempat Pemakaian Geta ...................................................... 45 iv Universitas Sumatera Utara BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 4.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................. 53 4.2 Saran ............................................................................................ 55 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN ABSTRAK v Universitas Sumatera Utara BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah Jepang adalah sebuah negara di bagian Asia Timur yang memiliki keunikan tersendiri di antara negara-negara di sekitarnya. Dalam perkembangan sejarahnya, Jepang mendapat pengaruh kuat dari negara China baik dari segi penGetahuan, pemerintahan, kepercayaan juga kebudayaan. Jepang merupakan negara yang dijuluki negara matahari dan negara bunga sakura. Dijuluki demikian karena di negara Jepang mayoritas beragama Shinto yang menyembah matahari sehingga disebut negara matahari, sedangkan julukan negara sakura diberikan karena banyak bunga sakura yang tumbuh di tanah Jepang, bahkan untuk menyambut musim semi sakura orang Jepang mempunyai suatu tradisi, yaitu perayaan Hanami (perayaan melihat mekarnya bunga) sebagai simbol kebahagiaan karena datangnya musim semi, dimana di saat itu bunga sakura mekar dengan cantiknya. Dari zaman Jomon sampai zaman Heisei sekarang, orang Jepang mampu melestarikan kebudayaannya sendiri. Menurut Ki Hajar Dewantara dalam https://abdulaziz96.wordpress.com/2015/03/22/pengertian-kebudayaan/, kebudayaan berarti buah budi manusia adalah hasil perjuangan manusia terhadap dua pengaruh kuat, yakni alam dan zaman (kodrat dan masyarakat) yang merupakan bukti kejayaan hidup manusia untuk mengatasi berbagai rintangan dan kesukaran di dalam hidup dan penghidupannya guna mencapai keselamatan dan kebahagiaan yang pada lahirnya bersifat tertib dan damai. 1 Universitas Sumatera Utara Sedangkan menurut Ienaga Saburo dalam Situmorang (2009:2-3) menerangkan kebudayaan dalam arti luas dan dalam arti sempit. Dalam arti luas kebudayaan adalah seluruh cara hidup manusia (ningen no seikatsu no itonami kata). Ienaga menjelaskan bahwa kebudayaan ialah keseluruh hal yang bukan alamiah. Sedangkan dalam arti sempit kebudayaan adalah terdiri dari ilmu penGetahuan, sistem kepercayaan dan seni. Oleh karena itu Ienaga mengatakan kebudayaan dalam arti luas ialah segala sesuatu yang bersifat konkret yang diolah manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Sedangkan pengertian kebudayaan dalam arti sempit ialah sama dengan budaya yang berisikan sesuatu yang tidak kentara atau yang bersifat semiotik.
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