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O RESGATE DAS CIENCIAS HUMANAS Vol III 21 09 2016.Indd Relações coleção Internacionais O Resgate das Ciências Humanas e das Humanidades através de Perspectivas Africanas Volume III MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES Ministro de Estado José Serra Secretário-Geral Embaixador Marcos Bezerra Abbott Galvão FUNDAÇÃO ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO Presidente Embaixador Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Instituto de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais Diretor Ministro Paulo Roberto de Almeida Centro de História e Documentação Diplomática Diretora, substituta Maria do Carmo Strozzi Coutinho Conselho Editorial da Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Presidente Embaixador Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Membros Embaixador Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg Embaixador Jorio Dauster Magalhães Embaixador Gonçalo de Barros Carvalho e Mello Mourão Embaixador José Humberto de Brito Cruz Embaixador Julio Glinternick Bitelli Ministro Luís Felipe Silvério Fortuna Professor Francisco Fernando Monteoliva Doratioto Professor José Flávio Sombra Saraiva Professor Eiiti Sato A Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão, instituída em 1971, é uma fundação pública vinculada ao Ministério das Relações Exteriores e tem a finalidade de levar à sociedade civil informações sobre a realidade internacional e sobre aspectos da pauta diplomática brasileira. Sua missão é promover a sensibilização da opinião pública nacional para os temas de relações internacionais e para a política externa brasileira. (Organizadores) Helen Lauer e Kofi Anyidoho O Resgate das Ciências Humanas e das Humanidades através de Perspectivas Africanas Volume III Brasília – 2016 Direitos de publicação reservados à Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Ministério das Relações Exteriores Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco H Anexo II, Térreo 70170-900 Brasília–DF Telefones: (61) 2030-6033/6034 Fax: (61) 2030-9125 Site: www.funag.gov.br E-mail: [email protected] Equipe Técnica: Eliane Miranda Paiva Fernanda Antunes Siqueira Gabriela Del Rio de Rezende Luiz Antônio Gusmão André Luiz Ventura Ferreira Acauã Lucas Leotta Márcia Costa Ferreira Lívia Milanez Renata Nunes Duarte Projeto Gráfico: Daniela Barbosa Tradução: Rodrigo Sardenberg Programação Visual e Diagramação: Gráfica e Editora Ideal Impresso no Brasil 2016 R433 O Resgate das ciências humanas e das humanidades através de perspectivas africanas / Helen Lauer, Kofi Anyidoho (organizadores). – Brasília : FUNAG, 2016. 4 v. – (Coleção relações internacionais) Título original: Reclaiming the human sciences and humanities through African perspectives Descrição principal baseada no volume 3. ISBN (v. 3) 978-85-7631-620-6 1. Gana - aspectos históricos. 2. Literatura - África. 3. Racismo - África. 4. Filosofia - África. 5. Cultura - África. 6. Democracia - África. 7. Identidade nacional - África. 8. Gana. [Constituição (1992)]. I. Lauer, Helen. II. Anyidoho, Kofi. III. Série. CDU 301.19(6) Depósito Legal na Fundação Biblioteca Nacional conforme Lei n° 10.994, de 14/12/2004. ÍNDICE GERAL DA OBRA VOLUME 1 Seção 1: Examinando a produção do conhecimento como instituição social Seção 2: Explicando ações e crenças VOLUME 2 Seção 3: Reavaliando o “desenvolvimento” Seção 4: Medindo a condição humana VOLUME 3 Seção 5: Lembrando a História Seção 6: “África” como sujeito do discurso acadêmico Seção 7: Debatendo democracia, comunidade e direito VOLUME 4 Seção 8: Revisitando a Expressão Artística Seção 9: Recuperando a Voz da Autoridade Referências bibliográficas SUMÁRIO DO VOLUME 3 SEÇÃO 5 Lembrando a história Capítulo 39 O “tradicional” e o “moderno” na África Ocidental ................. 1259 Per Hernæs Capítulo 40 Perspectivas sobre os cinquenta anos de historiografia ganense .............................................................................................. 1285 Joseph K. Adjaye Capítulo 41 Glorificando as caçadoras: inserindo as mulheres na história de Gana ............................................................................. 1315 Audrey Gadzekpo Capítulo 42 Liderança, colonialismo e a atrofia do governo tradicional em Gana ...................................................................... 1335 Robert Addo ‑Fening Capítulo 43 Os sistemas políticos tradicionais do norte de Gana reconsiderados ...................................................................... 1369 Benedict G. Der Capítulo 44 Vida intelectual e conhecimento no Sudão Ocidental Islâmico durante os séculos XVII e XVIII: uma visão política e social ............................................................................... 1411 Ray A. Kea Capítulo 45 Estudiosos e conhecimento nas relações entre o Magreb e o Sudão Central durante o período pré ‑colonial .... 1447 Hamid Bobboyi Capítulo 46 Escravidão em Gana: uma espada de dois gumes ..................... 1473 Akosua A. Perbi Capítulo 47 Uma introdução à população negra, racismo e organizações negras no Reino Unido no começo do século XX .................... 1491 Marika Sherwood Capítulo 48 Sobre a própria ideia de uma tradição do conhecimento ocidental: analisando afirmações que lidam com o regresso econômico na África ...................................................................... 1515 Helen Lauer SEÇÃO 6 “África” como sujeito do discurso acadêmico Capítulo 49 O gênio africano ............................................................................. 1541 Kwame Nkrumah Capítulo 50 O nome manchado da África: Racismo conradiano na mídia artística contemporânea ......... 1559 Chinua Achebe Apêndice ao Capítulo 50 Uma imagem da África: racismo em Heart of Darkness, de Joseph Conrad ............................................................................ 1579 Chinua Achebe Capítulo 51 Literatura africana e a crise na teorização pós ‑estruturalista ............................................................................ 1601 Niyi Osundare Capítulo 52 Power of Their Word: introdução à primeira conferência nacional sobre literatura oral em Gana....................................... 1627 Kofi Anyidoho Capítulo 53 O que são “estudos africanos”? Estudiosos africanos, africanistas e a produção do conhecimento .............................. 1647 Olúfêmi Táíwò Capítulo 54 A voz africana em estudos africanos hoje .................................. 1679 Emmanuel Akyeampong Capítulo 55 A África na sociologia americana: invisibilidade, oportunidade e obrigação .............................................................. 1697 F. Nii ‑Amoo Dodoo Nicola Beisel Capítulo 56 Metáforas raciais: os antecedentes de estratégias de modificação do comportamento para combater a AIDS na África ............................................................................................ 1711 Eileen Stillwaggon Capítulo 57 Alteridade no discurso da filosofia africana: uma ausência esquecida .......................................................................................... 1749 T. Carlos Jacques Apêndice ao Capítulo 57 Jacques sobre Wiredu ..................................................................... 1773 Helen Lauer SEÇÃO 7 Debatendo democracia, comunidade e direito Capítulo 58 Democracia e a democracia deles: nossa parte do discurso .. 1783 Kofi Awoonor Capítulo 59 Salvando o surreal processo democrático de Gana ................. 1799 Assibi O. Abudu Capítulo 60 Estado, sociedade civil e democracia na África ........................ 1821 Kwasi Wiredu Capítulo 61 Liberdade de expressão em sociedade tradicional: as bases culturais da comunicação em Gana contemporânea ............... 1845 Kwesi Yankah Capítulo 62 Chefia, bom governo apartidário e desenvolvimento na democracia moderna de Gana ................................................ 1899 Nana Dr. S.K.B. Asante Capítulo 63 Gana desde meados do século XX: tribo ou nação? ................ 1937 Kwame A. Ninsin Capítulo 64 Etnicidade e cidadania na África: algumas reflexões .............. 1985 Ukoha Ukiwo Capítulo 65 Identidade nacional e a linguagem da metáfora ....................... 2005 Kofi Anyidoho Capítulo 66 O argumento a favor da contaminação: multiculturalismo como regra na África contemporânea ........................................ 2041 Kwame Anthony Appiah Capítulo 67 Transplantando o carvalho inglês: legalismo, legalidade, pluralismo jurídico e o direito penal de Gana ........................... 2069 Henrietta Joy Abena Nyarko Mensa ‑Bonsu Capítulo 68 Trechos da Constituição da República de Gana de 1992 ....... 2125 Assembleia Consultiva do PNDC SEÇÃO V LEMBRANDO A HISTÓRIA CAPÍTULO 39 O “TRADICIONAL” E O “MODERNO” NA ÁFRICA OCIDENTAL1 Per Hernæs Imagens contrastantes e a ideologia do poder O que é “tradição” e o que é “modernidade”? Todos nós temos uma noção do que queremos dizer quando estamos usando esses termos. Conotações vagas surgem, o que faz com que as palavras deslizem para a linguagem quotidiana e se tornem parte da fraseologia comum. Muitas vezes, a tradição está associada com “maneiras antigas” enquanto o moderno significa algum tipo de “novidade” (na linguagem atual nós falaríamos em “desatualizadas” e “atualizadas”) e existem inúmeros outros pares de oposições binárias que vêm à mente: retrógrado versus progressista, estagnação versus progresso, estática versus dinâmica, visão religiosa (não científica) versus científica, universal versus local, etc. 1 Brevemente resumido a partir da “Introdução” de The ‘Traditional’ and the ‘Modern’ in West African (Ghanian) History: Case Studies on Co ‑existence and Interaction (ed) Per Hernas (2005) Série Africana n. 7, Departamento de História, Universidade Norueguesa de Ciência e Tecnologia, Trondheim, Noruega, p. ix ‑ xxvii. 1259 Per Hernæs Essas imagens contrastantes são muito problemáticas. Em primeiro
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