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Education in Emergencies, Food Security and Livelihoods And D e c e m b e r 2 0 1 5 Needs Assessment Report Education in Emergencies, Food Security, Livelihoods & Protection Fangak County, Jonglei State, South Sudan Finn Church Aid By Finn Church Aid South Sudan Country Program P.O. Box 432, Juba Nabari Area, Bilpham Road, Juba, South Sudan www.finnchurchaid.fi In conjunction with Ideal Capacity Development Consulting Limited P.O Box 54497-00200, Kenbanco House, Moi Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya [email protected], [email protected] www.idealcapacitydevelopment.org 30th November to 10th December 2015 i Table of Contents ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................... VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... VII 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOOD, EDUCATION AND PROTECTION CONTEXT IN SOUTH SUDAN ............................... 1 1.2 ABOUT FIN CHURCH AID (FCA) ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 HUMANITARIAN CONTEXT IN FANGAK COUNTY .................................................................................................. 2 1.4 PURPOSE, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................ 3 1.4.1 Purpose of Assignment ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.4.2 Overall Objective of the Assignment and Scope ..................................................................................... 3 2.0 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 4 2.1 GENERAL APPROACH ....................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND SAMPLING CRITERIA................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Household Interviews .............................................................................................................................. 4 2.2.2 Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions ....................................................................... 4 2.3 DATA ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................. 5 2.4 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................................................................. 5 2.5 CHALLENGES FACED ........................................................................................................................................ 5 3.0 ASSESSMENT FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................................................... 6 3.1 SOCIAL-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS ............................................................................... 6 3.1.1 Gender of Respondents and Household Heads ....................................................................................... 6 3.1.2 Household Size and Composition by age ................................................................................................ 7 3.1.3 Household Residency Status ................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.4 Level of Education in Fangak County ..................................................................................................... 8 3.2 FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOODS ................................................................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Livelihoods .............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.2.2 Seasonal Livelihood Variation .............................................................................................................. 10 3.2.3 Household Labour Patterns .................................................................................................................. 11 3.2.4 Subsistence and Small-Scale Agriculture ............................................................................................. 12 3.2.5 Sources of Planting Seeds ..................................................................................................................... 14 3.2.6 Livestock Production ............................................................................................................................. 14 3.2.7 Access to Land ....................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.8 Casual Labour ....................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.9 Food Consumption ................................................................................................................................ 18 3.2.10 Food Consumption Score .................................................................................................................. 19 3.2.11 Economic Status ............................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.12 Prices of Most Important Commodities/Livelihood Foods .............................................................. 20 3.2.13 Markets Access and Trade ................................................................................................................ 21 3.2.14 Coping Strategies .............................................................................................................................. 22 3.3 WILD FOOD COLLECTION AND FISHING ............................................................................................................ 24 3.3.1 Wild Food Collection ............................................................................................................................. 24 3.3.2 Fishing ................................................................................................................................................... 24 3.4 WATER AND SANITATION (WASH) ................................................................................................................ 25 3.4.1 Access to Water ..................................................................................................................................... 25 3.4.2 Water Collection ................................................................................................................................... 26 3.4.3 Water Treatment .................................................................................................................................. 26 3.4.4 Water Point Management .................................................................................................................... 26 ii 3.5 EDUCATION IN EMERGENCIES ......................................................................................................................... 26 3.5.1 Nature and Condition of Schools in Fangak County ............................................................................ 26 3.5.2 Conflicts and Education in Fangak County .......................................................................................... 30 3.5.3 Other Cross Cutting factors constraining education in Fangak County .............................................. 31 3.6 PROTECTION................................................................................................................................................. 32 3.6.1 Security .................................................................................................................................................. 32 3.6.2 Forms of Security Threats ..................................................................................................................... 33 3.6.3 Lack of shelter ....................................................................................................................................... 34 3.6.4 Sexual exploitation ................................................................................................................................ 35 3.6.5 Unaccompanied Children ...................................................................................................................... 36 3.6.6 Causes of children separation from parents and/or families .............................................................. 37 3.6.7 Psychosocial Stress ................................................................................................................................ 38 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 40 4.1 FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOODS, WATER AND SANITATION ........................................................................... 40 4.2 MARKETS ....................................................................................................................................................
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