Argali (Ovis Ammon) Conservation in Western Mongolia and the Altai-Sayan
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University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2003 Argali (Ovis ammon) conservation in western Mongolia and the Altai-Sayan Ryan L. Maroney The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Maroney, Ryan L., "Argali (Ovis ammon) conservation in western Mongolia and the Altai-Sayan" (2003). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6497. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6497 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes” or "No” and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission Author’s Signature; Date: Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. 8/98 ARGALI ipvis ammon) CONSERVATION IN WESTERN MONGOLIA AND THE ALTAI SAYAN by Ryan L. Maroney B.A., New College, Sarasota, Florida, 1999 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science The University of Montana 2003 Approved by Chairperson Dean, Graduate School Date UMI Number: EP37298 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT UMI EP37298 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuesf ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346 Maroney, Ryan L., M.S., 2003 Resource Conservation ARGALI {Ovis ammon) CONSERVATION IN WESTERN MONGOLIA AND THE ALTAI-SAYAN Chairperson: Dr. Stephen Siebert Management of argali subspecies in Mongolia historically has been tied to improving biological research and anti-poaching activities within the framework of trophy hunting. Argali populations in areas where trophy hunting does not occur, such as protected areas, have received little attention, and conservation or management plans for these areas generally do not exist. Furthermore, diverse social and environmental conditions require bioregional and site-specifle conservation strategies within a national argali management plan. In this study, results from interviews with pastoralists in Siilkhemiin Nuruu National Park in western Mongolia indicate that local people revere argali and are generally aware of and support government protections, but may not be inclined to reduce herd sizes or discontinue grazing certain pastures for the benefit of wildlife without compensation. A preliminary survey of argali distribution in the park also identified key winter forage areas upon which to focus management efforts. Because past protectionist approaches to argali conservation in western Mongolia and the greater Altai-Sayan ecoregion have not achieved effective range management or anti-poaching enforcement, alternative management policies should be considered. Results from this study suggest local receptiveness to management programs based on community involvement and direct benefit. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract.................................................................................................................................. ii Table of Contents.................................................................................................................. iii List of Tables......................................................................................................................... iv List of Illustrations ................................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. v Preface.................................................................................................................................... vi 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 2. Background ..................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Altai argali ............................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Study area................................................................................................................ 7 3. Methods ........................................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Questionnaire survey........................................................... 13 3.2 Argali group composition counts ......................................................................... 14 4. Results and Discussion .................................................................................................. 15 4.1 Questionnaire survey.............................................................................................. 15 4.2 Argali group composition counts ............................................................... 21 4.3 Management implications for Siilkhemiin Nuruu National Park ..................... 23 4.4 Management implications for the Altai-Sayan ecoregion................................. 27 5. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 27 Epilogue .................................................................................................................................. 29 References.............................................................................................................................. 31 Appendix I. Questionnaire................................................................................................. 38 Appendix II. Mongolian translation of questionnaire ..................................................... 42 111 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Pastoralist’s knowledge and views concerning grazing competition between livestock and argali, environmental conservation, argali movement patterns and community networks in SNNP....................................................................... 16 2. Pastoralist’s responses to selected questions concerning argali conservation and grazingland use in SNNP ................................................................................ 16 3. Ranking of the number one and two most common groups to poach argali in SNNP as perceived by pastoralists........................................................................ 20 4. Ranking of threats to conservation of argali as perceived by pastoralists in SNNP.......................................................................................................................... 20 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Argali distribution in Mongolia and the Altai-Sayan ecoregion ........................ 3 2. Map of Siilkhemiin Nuruu National Park illustrating interview locations, predominate seasonal pasture usage of herders interviewed, and identified argali winter forage areas ....................................................................................... 8 3. Change in number and composition of livestock within administrative units that make up SSNP between 1982-2001.............................................................. 11 IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. S. Siebert and Dr. D. Bedunah for their continued support during development of this study, and for their insightful comments which have improved this manuscript. Special thanks to D. Davarkhbayar who assisted in project design and all phases of fieldwork. Additional thanks is required for valuable assistance from A. Atai, S. Cooper, R. Harris, W. Kruger, P. Maroney, M. Paltsyn, R. Reading, Tavarak, S. Undarga, and G. Wingard. This work would not have been possible without the continued field support and hospitality provided by park rangers K. Kadirkhan, P. Erzat, Erkin and their respective families. Finally, thanks to all staff members of the Mongol Altai Nuruu Special Protected Areas Administration. Errors in understanding or interpretation are solely my responsibility. Funding for this study came from the International Snow Leopard Trust, World Wide Fund for Nature Mongolia, and the United States Peace Corps. PREFACE Following the 1992 transition from a command to market economy, Mongolia plunged into an economic depression from which it has still not recovered. Over a third of Mongolians live in poverty and per capita income and GPD remain below 1990 levels (Finch, 2002).