A COMPILATION OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE 23rd ANNUAL MEETING, APRIL 46,1979 AT BOULDER CITY, NEVADA LE OF CONTENTS Page STATUS OF THE ZION DESERT BIGHORN REINTRODUCTION PROJECT-1978 Henry E.McCutchon ............................................................................. 81 TEXAS REINTRODUCTION EFFORTS STATUS REPORT-1979 Jack Kilpatric ................................................................................... 82 BlQHORM SWEEP STATUS REPORT FROM NEW MEXICO AndrewV.Sandoval .............................................................................. 82 LAVA BEDS BIGHORN SHEEP PROGRAM--UPDATE RobertA.Dalton ................................................................................. 88 UTAH BIGHORN SHEEP STATUS REPORT Grant K. Jense, James W. Bates and Jay A. Robertson. ............................................... .89 STATUS OF THE BIG HATCHET DESERT SHEEP POPULATION, NEW MEXICO Tom J. Watts ................................................................................... 92 ARIZONA BIGHORN SHEEP STATUS REPORT-1979 Paul M. Webb ................................................................................... 94 BIGHORN SHEEP POPULATION ESTIMATE FOR THE SOUTH TONTQ PLATEAU-GRAND CANYON Jim Walters .................................................................................... 96 BIGHORN SHEEP STATUS REPORT-NEVADA George K.Tsukamoto ........................................................................... 107 DESERT BIGHORN COUNCIL 1970-1980 ................................................................. 109 DESERT BIGHORN COUNCIL 1957-1979 ANNUAL MEETING ........................... BIGHORN COUNCILAWARD RECIPIENTS ............................................................... 110 INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DESERT BIGHORN COUNCIL TRANSACTIONS. ............................................ .back cover Cover Drawing by Pat Hansen TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EDITOR'S NOTE ........................................................................................ 1 THE EVOLUTION, SYSTEMATICS, AND CYTOGENETICS OF OVlS J.JuanSpillettandThomasD.Bunch ................................................................ 2 DESERT BlGHQRM MOVEMENTS IN A SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA MOUNTAIN COMPLEX James H. Witham and E. Linwood Smith. ........................................................... .20 DESERT BIGHORN CHRONIC SINUSITIS IN ARIZONA ThomasD.BunchandPaulWebb .................................................................. 25 SKELETAL LESIONS ASSOCIATED WlTH DESERT BIGHORN CHRONIC SINUSITIS ThomasD.Bunch ................................................................................ 27 SUMMER ACTIVITY RHYTHMS OF PENINSULAR BIGHORN SHEEP IN ANZA-BORREGO DESERT STATE PARK, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Lillian AnnOlech ................................................................................ 33 A COMPARISON OF THREE BIGHORN AREAS ON THE HUMBOLDT NATIONAL FOREST WarrenE.Kelly .................................................................................. 37 BIGHORN SHEEP IN THE PUSCH RIDGE WILDERNESS AREA, ARIZONA Paul R. Krausman, William W. Shaw and John L. Stair. ............................................... .40 THE BARBARY SHEEP: SOME CONCEPTUAL IMPLICATIONS OF COMPETITION WlTH DESERT BIGHORN Rick F. Seegmiller and C. David Simpson. .......................................................... .47 BIGHORN USE OF ARTIFICIAL WATER SOURCES IN THE BUCKSKIN MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA Bruce H. Campbell and Richard Remington. ........................................................ .50 AN ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE WHITE MOUNTAIN PEAK BIGHORN StevenD.Kovach ................................................................................ 57 ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIGHORN IN DESERT HABITAT J. Arthur Hayes .................................................................................62 DECLINE OF BIGHORN SHEEP (Ovis Canadensis), THE GENETIC IMPLICATIONS James R. DeForge, Charles W. Jenner, D.V.M., Alfred J. Plechner, D.V.M., Glenn W. Sudmeier. .............. .63 BIGHORN SHEEP SKULL IDENTIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION IN NEVADA George K.Tsukamoto ............................................................................ 66 DESERT BIGHORN RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT BIASES RELATING TO POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND HUMAN INTERPRETATIONS LannyO.Wilson .................................................................................68 MOVEMENTS OF DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP IN THE STUBBE SPRING AREA JOSHUA TREE NATIONAL MONUMENT Charles L. Douglas and Leslie D. White.. ...........................................................71 --STATUS REPORTS- ECTO AND ENDOPARASITES OF THE DESERT BIGHORN (Ovis canadensis cremnobates) IN NORTHERN BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO MarioC.LopezFonseca ..........................................................................78 STATUS OF DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP IN CANYONLANDS NATIONAL PARK-1978 Thomas C. Wylie and James W. Bates.. ............................................................79 Editor's Note Readers of this year's Transactions will note that major papers precede Progress Reports, a reverse order from that in prior Transactions. Several considerations necessitate this change. Some persons outside the DBC have been unaware that our published papers (but not Progress Reports) undergo peer review. Peer review has been used for a number of years, but has not been reflected in the limited number of names listed under the Editorial Committee. Major con- tributors, but not necessarily all participants, to the editorial process have been listed. In academic institutions and some agencies, publications are regarded as fundamenral evidence of a professional's productivity. In such instances, only papers published in reputable, refereed journals are given credence. Some persons have presented excellent papers at the annual meeting, but have declined to publish their results in the Transactions because their Department Chairman or supervisor considered the Transactions to be a non- refereed journal. In reality, our review process is equivalent to that of a number of well known journals having larger audiences. The inclusion of Progress Reports is unusual in scientific journals, but is not unique to the DBC Transactions. The archaeological journal, American Antiquity, contains a section on Cur- rent Research, which summarizes projects by regions of the country. Owing to the long term nature of bighorn studies, timely dissemination of new information by means of Progress Reports often can aid other workers and save them substantial time. Earlierprocedures of plac- ing non-reviewed Progress Reports in the front of the Transactions also may have helped pro- mote misconceptions. I have therefore clearly separated reviewed papers from non-reviewed Progress Reports. I also have taken the liberty of judging whether a manuscript is a paper or a progress report, although some authors may not concur with my choices. If the review process is working, it should lead to rejection of manuscripts that contain no the content and aesthetic qualities of the Transactions. It is my hope that our peer review pro- cess will continue to elevate the quality of papers appearing in the Transactions while being fair snd sensitive to all concernea. DESERT BIGHORN COUNCIL 1979 TRANSACTIONS -1- more than 20 million years ago during the Early Miocene Age THE EVOLUTION, [Figure 11. However, it appears that the first true sheep, or members of the genus Ovis, did not appear until about 2.5 SYSTEMATICS, AND million years ago during the Early Pleistocene or 'Glacial' Epoch, which also is synonymous with the Late Pliocene [Flint CYTOGENETICS OF OVlS 19711. The fossil record of Ovis is fragmentary, and concrete data J. Juan Spillett relating to its mode of evolution are scanty. Thus, there is con- Uinta National Forest siderable debate and much speculation as to the evolution and Provo, Utah taxonomic relationships of Ovis. Some authorities speculate Thomas D. Bunch that true sheep originated from Rupicaprini or goat-antelopes International Sheep and Goat Institute [Thenius and Hofer 19601; whereas, others believe that Ovis Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences originated from Aoudad or Barbary sheep [Ammotragus] or an Utah State University Ammotragus-like ancestor [Geist 1971, Bunch et al. 19761. Logan, Utah 84322 There also is considerable speculation and confusion as to the Abstract. True sheep [Ovis] originated somewhere in south- relationship of Ovis to the following Rupicaprids: 11Chamois central Asia during the Pleistocene Epoch approximately 2.5 [Rupicapra rupicapra], which inhabits the Alps, Apennines and million years ago and were dispersed throughout most of the Carpathians to the Caucasus Mountains in Asia Minor, and mountainous areas in the northern hemisphere, primarily as a the Pyrenes and Cantabrian Mountains of Spain; 21 Gorals result of geographical events such as glaciation. That, in turn, [Nemorhaedus goral], which inhabit the Himalayan Mountains resulted in considerable diversification in Ovis and in the fact east through West China and North Korea; 31 Serows that today wild sheep still have a distribution unequalled by [Capricornis sumatraensis and C. crispus], which are found any living bovid [Geist 19711. from Sumatra and the Malayan Peninsula north through Viet- nam, Thailand, Burma, Assam, the eastern Himalayas and True sheep are included in the Subfamily Caprinae, which is China, and on the islands of Formosa; and 41 The so-called further divided into four tribes [Saigini, Rupicaprini, Ovibovini, Rocky Mountain