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Coréia & Artes Marciais Centro Filosófico do Kung Fu - Internacional CORÉIA & ARTES MARCIAIS História e Filosofia Volume 3 www.centrofilosoficodokungfu.com.br “Se atravessarmos a vida convencidos de que a nossa é a única maneira de pensar que existe, vamos acabar perdendo todas as oportunidades que surgem a cada dia” (Akio Morita) Editorial Esta publicação é o 3° volume da coletânea “História e Filosofia das Artes Marciais”, selecionada para cada país que teve destaque na sua formação. Aqui o foco é a Coréia. Todo conteúdo é original da “Wikipédia”, editado e fornecido gratuitamente pelo Centro Filosófico do Kung Fu - Internacional. É muito importante divulgar esta coletânea no meio das artes marciais, independente do praticante; pois estaremos contribuindo para a formação de uma classe de artistas marciais de melhor nível que, com certeza, nosso meio estará se enriquecendo. Bom trabalho ! CORÉIA & ARTES MARCIAIS História e Filosofia Conteúdo 1 Coreia 1 1.1 História ................................................ 1 1.1.1 Gojoseon (2333 a.C. - 37a.C.) ................................ 2 1.1.2 Era dos Três Reinos da Coreia (37 a.C. - 668 d.C.)/ Balhae (713 d.C. - 926 d.C.) ..... 2 1.1.3 Silla Unificada (668 d.C. - 935 d.C.) e Balhae ........................ 2 1.2 Ciência e tecnologia .......................................... 3 1.3 Imigração para o Brasil ........................................ 3 1.4 Ver também .............................................. 3 1.5 Ligações externas ........................................... 3 2 História da Coreia 4 2.1 Ver também .............................................. 7 3 Cronologia da história da Coreia 8 3.1 Pré-História .............................................. 8 3.2 Proto-Três Reinos ........................................... 8 3.3 Três Reinos .............................................. 8 3.4 Silla e Balhae unificada ........................................ 9 3.5 Coreia Dividida ............................................ 9 3.6 Ver também .............................................. 10 3.7 Referências .............................................. 10 3.8 Ligações externas ........................................... 10 4 História da Coreia do Sul 11 4.1 Bibliografia .............................................. 11 4.2 Ver também .............................................. 12 5 História da Coreia do Norte 13 5.1 Da divisão à Guerra da Coreia ..................................... 13 5.2 A Guerra da Coreia .......................................... 13 5.3 Bibliografia .............................................. 14 5.4 Ver Também ............................................. 14 6 Seul 15 i ii CONTEÚDO 6.1 Etimologia .............................................. 15 6.2 História ................................................ 16 6.3 Geografia ............................................... 16 6.3.1 Clima ............................................. 16 6.4 Demografia .............................................. 16 6.5 Política ................................................ 16 6.5.1 Relações internacionais .................................... 16 6.6 Subdivisões .............................................. 16 6.7 Economia ............................................... 16 6.8 Infraestrutura ............................................. 17 6.8.1 Educação superior ...................................... 17 6.8.2 Transportes .......................................... 18 6.9 Cultura ................................................ 20 6.9.1 Construções históricas e museus ............................... 20 6.9.2 Museus ............................................ 20 6.9.3 Templos e santuários ..................................... 21 6.9.4 Parques e atrações ao ar livre ................................. 21 6.9.5 Esportes ........................................... 21 6.9.6 Outros lugares de interesse .................................. 21 6.10 Ver também .............................................. 21 6.11 Referências .............................................. 21 6.12 Ligações externas ........................................... 22 6.12.1 Websites oficiais ....................................... 22 6.12.2 Turismo e informações sobre a vida em Seul ......................... 22 6.12.3 Mapas e imagens ....................................... 22 7 Artes marciais coreanas 23 7.1 Ligações externas ........................................... 23 8 Dojang 24 8.1 Significado .............................................. 24 8.2 Decoração .............................................. 24 8.3 Uso .................................................. 24 8.4 Outros Equivalentes .......................................... 24 8.5 Ver também .............................................. 24 8.6 Referências .............................................. 24 9 Taekwondo 25 9.1 História do Taekwondo ........................................ 25 9.2 Idade Moderna ............................................ 25 9.3 Uniforme e equipamento de luta ................................... 25 9.3.1 Origem do nome ....................................... 25 CONTEÚDO iii 9.3.2 Em Portugal ......................................... 26 9.3.3 No Brasil ........................................... 26 9.4 Federações .............................................. 26 9.4.1 Internacional Taekwondo Federation (ITF) .......................... 26 9.4.2 World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) ............................ 26 9.4.3 Songahm Taekwondo Federation (STF) ........................... 26 9.4.4 Jwa Wooyang Woo Taekwondo Federation (JTF) ...................... 26 9.4.5 Graus de aperfeiçoamento .................................. 26 9.5 Combates ............................................... 27 9.5.1 Desporto Olímpico (World Taekwondo Federation) ..................... 27 9.5.2 ITF .............................................. 28 9.6 Faixas ................................................. 28 9.7 Referências .............................................. 28 9.8 Ver também .............................................. 29 9.9 Ligações externas ........................................... 29 10 Taekwondo do Brasil 30 10.1 Datas Importantes ........................................... 30 10.2 Atletas brasileiros ........................................... 31 10.3 Liga Nacional de Taekwondo ..................................... 31 10.4 Taekwondo por estado brasileiro ................................... 31 11 Taekkyeon 33 12 Kukkiwon 34 12.1 Referências .............................................. 34 12.2 Ligações externas ........................................... 34 13 International Taekwondo Federation 35 13.1 História ................................................ 35 13.2 Taekwondo no Brasil ......................................... 35 13.3 Formas ................................................ 36 13.4 Competição .............................................. 37 13.5 Filosofia ................................................ 37 13.6 Geups e Dans ............................................. 37 13.7 Ligações externas ........................................... 38 14 World Taekwondo Federation 39 14.1 História ................................................ 39 14.2 Eventos ................................................ 39 14.3 Organização .............................................. 39 14.3.1 Federações continentais ................................... 39 14.3.2 Presidentes .......................................... 39 iv CONTEÚDO 14.4 Ver também .............................................. 39 14.5 Ligações externas ........................................... 40 15 Taekwondo songahm 41 15.1 Criação do Taekwondo Songahm ................................... 41 15.2 Regras e conceitos ........................................... 42 15.2.1 Espírito Songahm do Taekwondo ............................... 42 15.2.2 Graus de aperfeiçoamento .................................. 42 15.2.3 Competições ......................................... 42 15.2.4 Instruções em Coreano .................................... 43 15.3 Federações ............................................... 43 15.3.1 American Taekwondo Association .............................. 43 15.3.2 Songahm Taekwondo Federation ............................... 43 15.3.3 World Traditional Taekwondo Union ............................. 43 15.3.4 Outras organizações ..................................... 43 15.4 Taekwondo Songahm em Portugal .................................. 43 15.5 Referências .............................................. 44 15.6 Ligações externas ........................................... 44 16 Haeng Ung Lee 45 17 Geup 46 18 Tangsudo 47 18.1 A história do tangsudo ......................................... 47 18.2 Técnicas de combate no tangsudo ................................... 48 18.2.1 Posturas ............................................ 48 18.2.2 Técnicas básicas ........................................ 48 18.3 Treinamento de tangsudo ....................................... 49 18.3.1 Treinamento mental ...................................... 49 18.3.2 Prática das bases (kibon) ................................... 49 18.3.3 Formas (hyung) ........................................ 49 18.3.4 Combate (daeryeon) ..................................... 49 18.3.5 Treinamento de auto-defesa (hosinsul) ............................ 50 18.3.6 Quebrar das tábuas (kyokpa) ................................. 50 18.4 Ligações externas ........................................... 50 19 Hapkidô 51 19.1 História
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