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AID/CD-3296 Information, Solutions, Technical and Economic FOR USE ONLY AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AID WASHINGTON. D. C. 20523 I BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET A. PRIMARY 1.SUBJECT Agriculture CLASSI- FIAIN B. SECONDARY Insects and Pests 2. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Report of the Sahel Crop Pest Management Conference 3. AUTHOR(S) Smith, Ray F. and Schlegel, David E. 4. DOCUMENT DATE S. NUMBER OF PAGES 6. ARC NUMBER December 1974 8 6p. ARC - CI..31-.3..,) 7. REFERENCE ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS University of California Department of Entomological Sciences Berkeley, California 94720 8. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Sponsoring Organization, Publiahera Availability) Conference conducted in Washington, D.C. December 11-12, 1974 9. ABSTRACT in the Sahel states In recent months, the increased demand for emergency assistance and long-term recovery has suggested certain conclusions which bear on the medium of the Sahel and development of the Sudano-Sahelian zone. The present capability This condition, states to manage common, annual crop pests is extremely limited. crop production. where it exists, will tend to neutralize attempts at increasing many are ready to The Sahel Governments are aware of the crop pest problem, and community are also seek a long-range solution to it. The members of the donor aware of the problem. The objectives of the Conference were: While any one concerned (1) To establish a technical understanding of the problem. been a comprehensive organization possessed valuable information, there had not compilation and exchange of such information. pest (2) To develop a technical consensus from the standpoint of professional solution to control management on the most appropriate approaches to the the problem. information (3) To help create a forum or network for continued exchange of bearing on the problem. provide. (4) To gain some indication of the kind of assistance donors might DOCUMENT 10. CONTROL NUMBER 1'.PRICE OF PN-AAB ­ 13. PROJECT NUMBER 12. DESCRIPTORS Sudano-Sahelian Zone, Crop Production, Exchange of 931-1-1-190-930 Technical and Economic AID/CD-3296 Information, Solutions, ADCD39 Assistance 15. TYPE OF DOCUMENT Conference Report Report of the Sahel Crop Pest Management Conference Held at the invitation of the Agency for International Development United States Department of State Washington, D.C., U.S. A. December 11-2, 1974 Ray F. Smith and David E. Schlegel Rapporteurs This report was prepared for the United States Agency for International Development by the University of California at Berkeley under Contract N. AID/csd 3296. Acronyms Used in This Report African AFR/CWR Bureau for Africa, Office of Central and West Regional Affairs, USAID AID see USAID States APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Canada CIDA Canadian International Development Agency, Ottawa, Development COPR Centre for Overseas Pest Research of the Overseas Ministry, Wrights Lane, London W8 5SJ, United Kingdom Nations, FAO Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Rome, Italy Development, IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and 1818 H Street N.W., Washington, D.C. et des IRAT Institut de Recherches Agronomiques Tropicales Cultures Vivrieries, Paris, France et de OCLALAV Organisation Commune de Lutte Antiacridienne Dakar, Senegal Lutte Antiaviare, Africain, OICMA Organisation Internacional sur Le Criquet Migrateur Bamako, Mali Outre-Mer, ORSTOM Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Paris, France OSRO Office Sahelian Relief Operations of FAO USAID TA/AGR Bureau for Technical Assistance, Office of Agriculture, New York UNDP United Nations Development Programme, New York, States Department USAID Agency for International Development, United of State, Washington, D.C., USA Monrovia, Liberia WARDA West Africa Rice Development Association, TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction . 1 II. The Problem . 2 A. The Pests . 2 B. Explanations of Recent Outbreaks . .. 4 C. Forecast for the 1975 Season . .. 4 D. Special Parameters of Crop Protection in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone . .. 4 III. Brief Summary of Current Crop Protection Activities in Sudano-Sahelian Zone . ........ 5 A. Programs ........... ......... 5 B. Pattern ...... .............. 7 IV. Approaches to Developing Crop Pest Management Capabilities in the Sudano-Sahelian States . 8 V. Analysis and Conclusions . 10 A. Near Term Problem ..... ................ .11 B. Long Term Requirements for Plant Protection . 15 Appendix A - Participants in Sahel Crop Pest Management Conference ........ ................... 18 Appendix B - The 1974 Outbreak of Grasshoppers in Western Africa presented by G. Singh . 20 Appendix C - The 1974 Outbreak of Grasshoppers in Western Africa presented by G.B. Popov . o o . 35 Appendix D - Problemes Actuels Poses A L'OCLALAV Exception Faite de la Lutte Contre les Sauteriaux presented by Abdallahi Sidia .. ........ ... 44 Appendix E - Projet DAssistancv Aux Etats Sahelians Pour La Lutte Contre les Sauteriaux presented by Abdallahi Sidia .......... ... ........ 53 Appendix F-Organisation Commune de Lutte Antiacridienne. et de Lutte Antiaviaire (OCLALAV) presented by Abdallahi Sidaa ............... .. 56 Appendix G - Avant Projet Recherches Sur Les Sauteriaux en Afrique de L'Ouest Pendant 3 Ans (1975-1977) presented by Abdallahi Sidia . .... 62 Appendix H - Organisation Internationale Contre Le Criquet Migrateur Africain (OICMA) presented by G. Diagne . .. 66 Appendix I - Invitation to an Ad Hoc Government Consultation on Pesticides in Agriculture and Public Health presented by W. Furtick ................. 71 Appendix J - West African Regional Pest Management Project presented by J. Gentry . 78 I. INTRODUCTION In recent months, the increased demand for emergency assistance in the Sahel states has suggested certain conclusions which bear on the medium and long-term recovery and development of the Sudano-Sahelian zone.* The present capability of the Sahel states to manage common, annual crop pests is extremely limited. This condition, where it exists, will tend to neutralize attempts at increasing crop production. The Sahel Governments are aware of the crop pest problem, and many are ready to seek a long-range solution to it. The members of the donor commu­ nity are also aware of the problem. They have already contributed to resolving local outbreaks and would probably support a longer term solution. Up to now there have been no overall proposals advanced for the technical solution of the problem, which of necessity must provide for active efforts in each country as well as a coordinated regional approach. Consequently, it seemed appropriate, therefore, to take the initiative to obtain a consensus among the interested donor agencies and African technicians as to a technically feasible approach to the solution of the problem. The United States decided to exercise this initiative. Invitations were subsequently submitted to technicians and technician/administrators to attend this Conference. The objectives of the Conference were: (1) To establish a technical understanding of the problem. While any one concerned organization possessed valuable information, there had not been a comprehensive compilation and exchange of such information. (2) To develop a technical consensus from the standpoint of professional pest control management on the most appro­ priate approaches to the solution to the problem. (3) To help create a forum or network for continued exchange of information bearing on the problem. (4) To gain some indication of the kind of assistance donors might provide. * The.Sudano-Sahelian zone for these purposes includes ths sub-Saharan ecological zone stretching from Senegal to Ethiopia. -2- The Steering Committee for the Conference consisted of Irving Rosenthal, Chairman; Lloyd Clyburn, Vice Chairman; Donald Shallow, Executive Secretary; Channing Fredrickson; and Joseph Gentry. Donald Shallow wac Chairman of the Conference. Ray F. Smith and David E. Schlegel, of the University of California/USAID Pest Management and Related Environmental Protection Project served as Rapporteurs. A list of particpants in the Conference is provided in Appendix A. Dr. Samuel C. Adams, Jr., Assistant Administrator, USAID, welcomed the participants and indicated that it was the wish of the United States to assist in having a productive conference - one which would contribute to understanding of the problem and would be of use to the Sahel states in increasing their capacity to manage their own affairs. He observed that while the severe and prolonged drought brought the fact of the food deficit in the Sahel states to the attention of the world, we have also become critically aware that insects and other crop pests create and maintain serious unacceptable food shortages. He observed further that in so much as the drought did bring world attention to the Sahel food problem, influencing no doubt the presence of the participants at this Conference, the drought itself might be considered to have had certain positive, beneficial effects in the long run. II. THE PROBLEM Most of the first day of the Conference was devoted to a review of the nature of the pest problems, their causes, and the special features of the handling of pest problems in the Sudano-Sahelian zone. Many participants contributed to this discussion, and this is a brief summary. Major background papers were presented by Gurdas Singh (see Appendix B) and G. Popov (see Appendix C). These two papers emphasized the grasshopper problem, but as many discussants brought out, other pest problems are involved in the total pest
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