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Building on Nature: Area-Based Conservation As a Key Tool for Delivering Sdgs

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Building on Nature: Area-Based Conservation As a Key Tool for Delivering Sdgs Area-based conservation as a key tool for delivering SDGs CITATION For the publication: Kettunen, M., Dudley, N., Gorricho, J., Hickey, V., Krueger, L., MacKinnon, K., Oglethorpe, J., Paxton, M., Robinson, J.G., and Sekhran, N. 2021. Building on Nature: Area-based conservation as a key tool for delivering SDGs. IEEP, IUCN WCPA, The Nature Conservancy, The World Bank, UNDP, Wildlife Conservation Society and WWF. For individual case studies: Case study authors. 2021. Case study name. In: Kettunen, M., Dudley, N., Gorricho, J., Hickey, V., Krueger, L., MacKinnon, K., Oglethorpe, J., Paxton, M., Robinson, J.G., and Sekhran, N. 2021. Building on Nature: Area-based conservation as a key tool for delivering SDGs. IEEP, IUCN WCPA, The Nature Conservancy, The World Bank, UNDP, Wildlife Conservation Society and WWF. CORRESPONDING AUTHORS Nigel Dudley ([email protected]) and Marianne Kettunen ([email protected]) PARTNERS Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) The Nature Conservancy (TNC) The World Bank Group UN Development Programme (UNDP) Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) WWF DISCLAIMER The information and views set out in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official opinions of the institutions involved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report and the work underpinning it has benefitted from the support of the following people: Sophia Burke (AmbioTEK CIC), Andrea Egan (UNDP), Marie Fischborn (PANORAMA), Barney Long (Re-Wild), Melanie McField (Healthy Reefs), Mark Mulligan (King’s College, London), Caroline Snow (proofreading), Sue Stolton (Equilibrium Research), Lauren Wenzel (NOAA), and from the many case study authors named individually throughout the publication. Design and layout: Miller Design INSTITUTE FOR EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY (IEEP) IEEP Main Office London Office Rue Joseph II 36-38 25EP, 25 Eccleston Place 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium Belgravia SW1W 9NF London, the UK Tel: +32 (0) 2738 7482 Tel: + 44 (0)204 524 9900 Fax: +32 (0) 2732 4004 @IEEP_eu The Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) is a sustainability think tank with offices in Brussels and London. As a not-for-profit research organisation with over 40-years of experience, we are committed to advancing evidence-based and impact-driven sustainability policy across the EU and the world. Area-based conservation as a key tool for delivering SDGs Table of contents Executive summary 7 SDG 14: Life below water 54 Case study: Protecting corals and Part A: Setting the scene 14 seagrass to combat climate change and its impacts 60 1. Objective and approach Case study: Sustainable development of the guidance 17 of a coastal community, building on the benefits of a marine protected area 63 2. Introduction 18 Case study: Area-based marine 2.1. What is effective area-based conservation as a means to strengthen conservation? 18 climate resilience 66 2.2. How can effective area-based conservation support the sustainable Fundamentals for wellbeing 70 development goals? 21 SDG 2: Zero hunger 71 3. Status of our natural capital 25 Case study: Protecting crop wild varieties for food security 78 3.1. Status of our natural environment Case study: Growing coffee to restore and resources 25 rainforest and local livelihoods 80 3.2. Status of effective area-based conservation 26 3.3. Status of the sustainable SDG 6: Clean water and development goals 28 sanitation 87 3.4. Contribution of effective area- Case study: Maintaining and based conservation to the sustainable managing wetlands for fresh water development goals 30 supply and biodiversity 92 Case study: Securing regional water Part B: Goal by goal guidance 234 supply through protected areas restoration 95 Cornerstones of conservation Case study: Supplying clean and underpinnings of drinking water to a capital city 98 prosperity 36 SDG 15: Life on land 37 Case study: Protecting the Papua New Guinea tree kangaroo, eradicating poverty and building livelihoods of local communities 42 Case study: Saving the black lion tamarin, securing long-term sustainability for local communities 45 Case study: Private conservation of remnant forests ecosystems to support sustainable development 50 2 SDGs | Building on Nature | 2021 SDG 13: Climate action 103 SDG 11: Sustainable cities Case study: Climate adaptation and communities 179 through the protection of cultural Case study: A city in nature – landscape and practices 109 Singapore’s vision of restoring nature into the city 184 Case study: Adapting to climate change through community-led Case study: Community conserved conservation 113 areas as building blocks for sustainable communities 189 Case study: Conserving intact forests for climate mitigation and adaptation 116 Case study: Combining conservation and cultural tourism to support local Case study: Protecting and restoring livelihoods 193 the Mesoamerican coral reef to improve climate resilience and adaptation 119 Case study: Evolving management of protected areas as a solution Sustainable and healthy towards a resilient eco-city 196 societies 126 SDG 1: No poverty 127 SDG 16: Peace, justice and Case study: Supporting area-based strong institutions 203 conservation as a means to reduce Case study: Collaboration for poverty and improve food security 132 conservation delivering peace and Case study: Indigenous protected improved regional security 208 areas helping to rebuild communities Case study: Parks & peace: in Australia 136 strengthening peace in Colombia through inclusive conservation 212 SDG 3: Good health and Case study: Conservation, sustainable wellbeing 141 development and peace work in a Case study: Promotion of national war zone 215 health benefits as a part of protected area governance 147 Part C: Call for action 220 Case study: Protected areas as a Towards using effective area-based source of health for all 151 conservation as a tool for delivering the sustainable development goals 223 SDG 10 and SDG 5: Reduced inequalities, including 4. Conclusions 224 improving gender equality 159 Case study: Indigenous lands and nationally protected areas: how area-based conservation reduces economic, political and gender inequities 165 Case study: Improving women’s lives through conservation 168 Case study: Reducing local inequalities through protected area management 172 Case study: Establishment of a protected area empowering Indigenous people 174 SDGs | Building on Nature | 2021 3 EQUILIBRIUM RESEARCH EQUILIBRIUM © 4 SDGs | Building on Nature | 2021 Executive summary SDGs | Building on Nature | 2021 5 © EQUILIBRIUM RESEARCH Executive summary Effective area-based conservation – protected While many protected and conserved areas areas, other effective area-based conservation are managed by states, they are increasingly measures (OECMs) and similar management also established by Indigenous people, local strategies – can help to address many of the communities, private individuals, trusts, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). companies and religious bodies, often on land and water that has been under traditional People are fundamentally dependent on management for centuries. We use the nature’s contribution for a wide range of phrase “effective area-based conservation” services that are essential to maintaining repeatedly in the text, to emphasise the human wellbeing. Area-based conservation importance of effective management helps ensure these irreplaceable services and implementation as a prerequisite for now and into the future. SDGs seek to protected and conserved areas to deliver both encapsulate a pathway to a more equitable biodiversity and wider sustainability benefits. future, free from hunger, resources shortages and environmental degradation, and with Finally, area-based conservation is supported sufficient space for all living things. by a range of tools and approaches such as Payment for Ecosystem Services schemes This report identifies myriad ways in which (PES), systematic conservation planning and effective area-based conservation can restoration. Given these complementarities, be a pro-active tool for delivering SDGs. especially when delivering SDGs, we also Furthermore, the guidance documents highlight some of these in the report. 30 detailed case studies that illustrate the links between protected and conserved The Sustainable Development areas and various SDGs that are already Goals: 17 goals for 2030, set by the in practice around the world. Finally, it United Nations in 2015, ranging from provides guidance and tools explaining how poverty reduction, through environmental governments, industry and civil society can protection to peace, justice and strong integrate protected and conserved areas into institutions. Although individual SDGs have their SDG strategies and reporting processes. been criticised, they represent a unique global attempt to address a wide range of Area-based conservation: Area-based critical social and environmental issues conservation includes protected areas as in an interconnected manner. However, recognised by IUCN and the UN Convention countries are facing considerable challenges on Biological Diversity (CBD) and “Other in delivering the SDGs. Most SDGs are not Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures” on track to meet their targets by 2030 and, (OECMs), a new designation of areas that in particular, natural ecosystems and species conserve biodiversity without necessarily are continuing to decline – in some cases (e.g. having this as a primary aim. In this report natural forests)
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