DOCSLIB.ORG

England's Naval Dominance

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
England's Naval Dominance CK_5_TH_HG_P104_230.QXD 2/14/06 2:23 PM Page 196 V. England from the Golden Age to the Glorious Revolution Although most people expected Elizabeth to marry, she never did. She was Teaching Idea known as the Virgin Queen and liked to say that she was “married to England.” Stage an Elizabethan Day. Have groups The period during which Elizabeth I reigned is sometimes called the of students do research to find out what Elizabethan Age in recognition of the impact that Elizabeth had on her nation. kind of clothes the Elizabethans wore, The term Elizabethan is used as a noun to designate a person who lived during what they ate, what music they listened that time, e.g., “Elizabethans became used to warnings that the Spanish were to, and what they read. Have the groups about to invade.” It is also used as an adjective: “Elizabethan poets were highly plan a class event to showcase this inventive in their use of imagery.” The Elizabethan Age is especially noted for its information. It could be an event in output of excellent literature. Elizabeth was a great patron of the arts. Elizabethan which students wear costumes, pre- playwrights and poets included William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Christopher pare easy-to-make simulated Marlowe, Sir Phillip Sidney, and Edmund Spenser. Elizabethan dishes, play tapes of Elizabethan music, etc. Or if there is England’s Naval Dominance less time and fewer resources, the “event” could be oral presentations of It was actually Henry VIII who started England on the road to naval suprem- illustrated reports about Elizabethan acy. Although he strengthened the navy, it was Elizabeth who used it to expand times. England’s territory, power, and wealth. Defeat of the Spanish Armada Before her death in 1558, Queen Mary I had been married to Philip II, the king of Spain, a staunchly Catholic country. Philip continued to rule in Spain after Mary was succeeded by Elizabeth. Philip and the Spanish refused to accept the annulment of Henry’s first marriage. They believed Henry had done a great wrong by setting aside Catherine of Aragon, and also by breaking with Rome. In 1588, Philip sent an armada, a huge fleet of ships, to battle against and possibly invade England. He had the pope’s blessing to conquer the island and bring it back to the “old religion.” The flotilla of 130 ships carried some 29,000 men and 2,400 pieces of artillery. Philip wanted to end attacks from the pirates Elizabeth was support- ing (like Sir Francis Drake, see below) and remove her from the throne, not only because of her Protestantism but because she was supporting Spain’s enemies in Europe. Spain had been trying to stamp out Protestantism in the area known as the Low Countries (Belgium and the Netherlands), which it controlled. England had been supporting the reformers. Sir Francis Drake made a surprise raid on part of the fleet before it left its Spanish port and destroyed 30 ships. The Spanish had large, clumsy ships, where- as the English had developed smaller, faster vessels. Rather than fight broadside, the traditional method of naval warfare, the small English ships moved in, fired quickly, and sailed off before the slower Spanish galleons could turn and pursue them. At night, the Spanish ships had to be on the lookout for fire ships. The English would set empty ships afire and set their sails to collide with anchored Spanish ships. Drake destroyed many tons of supplies that were intended for the invasion of England. He joked that he had “singed the beard” of the Spanish king. The biggest help the English received against the Spanish Armada was from nature. A huge storm blew the Spanish fleet off course. Many ships were forced onto the rocky coast of Ireland, where English soldiers shot the half-drowned sailors and soldiers as they dragged themselves ashore. What was left of the fleet turned home to Spain, and Philip gave up all idea of invading England. To the English, their victory seemed to be an indication that God smiled on their 196 Grade 5 Handbook CK_5_TH_HG_P104_230.QXD 2/14/06 2:23 PM Page 197 religion and their nation. They said the defeat of the Armada was due to provi- dence, or God’s supervision, and they called the wind that drove the Spanish Teaching Idea Armada to its defeat the “Protestant Wind.” Students may be confused by the use of the term England sometimes and Just before the defeat of the Armada, Queen Elizabeth made a speech to her Great Britain at other times, so you English soldiers gathered at Tillbury. Here are the most famous lines: will want to clarify this. I know I have the body of a weak, feeble woman; but I have the heart and In 1707, Scotland was legally stomach of a king—and of a king of England too, and think foul scorn joined to England and Wales by the that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the Act of Union. The term Great Britain borders of my realm; to which, rather than any dishonour should grow is used after that date to refer to the by me, I myself will take up arms—I myself will be your general, judge, larger entity. Prior to 1707, England is and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field. the proper term. Even after 1707, Sir Francis Drake England is the correct term if refer- England called its sea captains admirals. But to England’s enemies, the sea cap- ring simply to that nation, such as the tains were called “sea dogs,” or pirates. One of the most famous was Francis Drake. English midlands or the south coast Drake was born into a strong Protestant family and apprenticed on a ship at age of England. Wales had been joined 13. In 1577, Drake sailed west on a voyage sponsored by Queen Elizabeth. The with England in 1536 under Henry VIII. goal was to become the first English expedition to circumnavigate the globe. But Elizabeth mentioned another purpose when she told Drake, “I would gladly be revenged on the King of Spain for divers injuries that I have received.” (Recall that the Spanish viewed Elizabeth as an illegitimate child, the product of an invalid sec- ond marriage and the head of a heretical church.) Along the way, Drake left behind two ships, lost another two of his five ships, and had to put down a plot against him. He sailed through the Straits of Magellan and into the Pacific Ocean, where he did battle with terrible storms. He raided Spanish ships and settlements along the way and explored the Pacific coast of North America, including the San Francisco area. He sailed north all the way to Vancouver, hoping to find the Northwest Passage. Then he sailed across the Pacific to the Philippines, on to the Spice Islands, then around the tip of Africa and back to England. When he returned to England in 1580, his ship Golden Hind was filled with Spanish gold and silver. For his service in behalf of England, Elizabeth knighted him. As Sir Francis Drake, he was an admiral of the fleet that routed the Spanish Armada in 1588. English Exploration and Settlements in North America Teaching Idea During the reign of Elizabeth I, the English attempted their first permanent Make a geography connection by settlement in North America. In 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored an expedi- sharing with students some of the tion to America to establish a settlement of 100 English men, women, and chil- names of places (cities, towns, dren. He appointed John White governor. counties, states) in the United The colonists settled on Roanoke Island off the coast of North Carolina. States that are named after English White reluctantly returned to England for supplies. Several people—colonists kings, queens, and nobles, e.g., and some of the local native people—had already been killed as a result of fight- Virginia (named for the Virgin ing between the two groups. When White arrived in England, he found a coun- Queen, Elizabeth I), Jamestown try braced for an invasion by the Spanish Armada at any moment. No large ships (named for James I), Charleston, were allowed to leave England. It was not until 1590 that White could return to Williamsburg, etc. Roanoke. When he arrived, he found no trace of the settlement or the colonists. A fort stood where the houses had been and carved on a nearby tree were the letters c-r-o-a-t-o-a-n. White thought that this meant that the colonists had either moved to Croatoan Island or had gone inland to the Croatoan Indians. These people had History and Geography: World 197.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Leaving the Mm:J.In to Ply About Lundy, for Securing Trade
    Rep. Lundy Field Soc. 4 7 IN THE SHADOW OF THE BLACK ENSIGN: LUNDY'S PART IN PIRACY By C.G. HARFIELD Flat 4, 23 Upperton Gardens, Eastboume, BN21 2AA Pirates! The word simultaneously conjures images of fear, violence and brutality with evocations of adventure on the high seas, swashbuckling heroes and quests for buried treasure. Furthermore, the combination of pirates and islands excites romantic fascination (Cordingly 1995, 162-6), perhaps founded upon the popular and sanitised anti-heroes of literature such as Long John Silver and Captain Hook (Mitchell discusses how literature has romanticised piracy, 1976, 7-10). This paper aims to discover, as far as possible, the part Lundy had to play in piracy in British waters, and to place that in perspective. The nature of the sources for piracy around Lundy will be discussed elsewhere (Harfield, forthcoming); here the story those sources tell is presented. It is not a story of deep-water pirates who traversed the oceans in search of bullion ships, but rather an illustration of the nature of coastal piracy with the bulk of the evidence coming from the Tudor and Stuart periods. LUNDY AS A LANDMARK IN THE EVIDENCE The majority of references to Lundy and pirates mention the island only as a landmark (Harfield, forthcoming). Royal Navy ships are regularly recorded plying the waters between the Scilly Isles, Lundy and the southern coasts of Wales and Ireland (see fig. I) with the intention of clearing these waters of pirates, both British and foreign. For instance, Captain John Donner encountered English pirates ':fifteen miles distant from Lundy Isle" in April 155 7 (7.3.1568, CSP(D)).
    [Show full text]
  • Piratical Colonization: Piracy's Role in the First
    PIRATICAL COLONIZATION: PIRACY’S ROLE IN THE FIRST ENGLISH COLONIES, 1550-1600 by Austin F. Croom March, 2019 Director of Thesis: Wade G. Dudley Major Department: History This thesis analyzes the importance of piracy to the beginnings of English overseas expansion. This study will consider the piratical climate around the British Isles in the sixteenth century, and the ways in which this context affected the participants in the first English colonial projects. Piracy became inseparably associated with nearly all of the Elizabethan overseas expeditions, contributing experienced seamen to the cause and promising to fill gaps in the financial strength of the expeditions. Ultimately, piracy proved difficult to control, and sabotaged the efforts of the Elizabethan colonial promoters. PIRATICAL COLONIZATION: PIRACY’S ROLE IN THE FIRST ENGLISH COLONIES, 1550-1600 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of History East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History by Austin F. Croom March, 2019 © Austin F. Croom, 2019 PIRATICAL COLONIZATION: PIRACY’S ROLE IN THE FIRST ENGLISH COLONIES, 1550-1600 By Austin F. Croom APPROVED BY: DIRECTOR OF THESIS: Dr. Wade G. Dudley, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: Dr. Christopher Oakley, Ph.D. COMMITTEE MEMBER: Dr. Timothy Jenks, Ph.D. CHAIR OF THE DEP ARTMENT OF HISTORY: Dr. Christopher Oakley, Ph.D. DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL: Dr. Paul J. Gemperline, Ph.D. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One: An Introduction to Pirates and Colonies ...................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Francis Drake and Diego Christopher Columbus Arrived in America (In What We Know Now As the Caribbean) in 1492
    KS3 History- Lesson 2 of 6 Who were Elizabeth I’s ‘Sea Dogs’? Enquiry: Why was the world ‘opening up’ to Elizabeth I and her people? Ms Apps 1 Sir Francis Drake and Diego Christopher Columbus arrived in America (in what we know now as the Caribbean) in 1492. His journey of discovery for the Spanish crown led to a century of expansion for the Spanish Empire. The Spanish established colonies throughout the New World – in particular in central and south America. By 1513 Panama had become an important crossroads of the Spanish Empire. Gold and silver mined by enslaved indigenous peoples and later Africans in Peru were loaded onto ships and sailed up the west coast to the isthmus of Panama (a thin strip of land between the Atlantic and Pacific ocean). The treasure was then loaded onto donkeys and bought along the Camino Real (Royal Road). This was a difficult and long trek overland. Then the gold and silver were loaded onto ships on to take directly back to Spain. 2 By 1572 Sir Francis Drake was a skilled and experienced Privateer. He was employed by Elizabeth I. Drake and his sailors started raiding Spanish ships and colonies in the New World. He became known as ‘Francisco Drago’ (the dragon) due to the ferocity with which he fought and plundered Spanish treasure. In 1572 Drake developed a plan to gain revenge on the Spanish for an attack off the coast of Mexico. He sailed to the isthmus of Panama in the hope that he could steal Spanish gold and silver as it was transported by donkey along the Camino Real from Panama City to Nomber de Dios.
    [Show full text]
  • Pirates Vs. Press Gangs: the Battle for the Atlantic História (São Paulo), Vol
    História (São Paulo) ISSN: 0101-9074 ISSN: 1980-4369 Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Brunsman, Denver Pirates vs. Press Gangs: The Battle for the Atlantic História (São Paulo), vol. 38, e2019004, 2019 Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-4369e2019004 Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=221065057004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative ARTICLES PIRATES VS. Denver PRESS GANGS: BRUNSMAN The Battle for the Atlantic [email protected] Piratas vs. Bandos de Recrutamento: George Washington A Batalha pelo Atlântico University Washington, D.C., USA ABSTRACT RESUMO Pirates in the Atlantic Ocean have excited Os piratas instigam a imaginação coletiva imaginations ever since they stole from desde quando saqueavam navios mercantes merchant ships and battled naval vessels in e lutavam por embarcações no Oceano the Age of Sail. But pirates also illustrate an Atlântico, durante a Idade da Vela. Não underappreciated process in the development obstante, os piratas também contribuem para of modern states and empires: the struggle ilustrar um processo por vezes subestimado between state and non-state actors to no estudo do desenvolvimento dos Estados e establish a monopoly of violence on the Impérios modernos: a luta entre atores estatais high seas. This essay traces this contest over e não estatais para estabelecer o monopólio violence in three stages: (1) the challenge da violência no alto-mar.
    [Show full text]
  • For Preview Only
    BRABBLETON SQUARE By Patrick Derksen © Copyright 2019, Pioneer Drama Service, Inc. Professionals and amateurs are hereby warned that a royalty must be paid for every performance, whether or not admission is charged. All inquiries regarding rights— including but not limited to amateur, professional, radio broadcast, television, cable, motion picture, live streaming, public reading, and translation into a foreign language—should be addressed to Pioneer Drama Service, Inc., PO Box 4267, Englewood, CO 80155. FOURTH WALL PIRATE SHIP No performance, broadcast, reading, or presentation of any kind in whole or in part may be given without permission from Pioneer Drama Service. These rights are fully protected under the copyright laws of the United States of America and of all countries covered by the Universal Copyright Convention or with which the United States has reciprocal copyright relations, including Canada, Mexico, Australia, and all nations of the United Kingdom. ONE SCRIPT PER CAST MEMBER MUST BE PURCHASED FOR PRODUCTION RIGHTS. PHOTOCOPYING, REPRODUCING, OR DISTRIBUTING ALL OR ANY PART OF THIS BOOK WITHOUT PERMISSION IS STRICTLY FORBIDDEN BY LAW. On all programs, printing, and advertising, the following information must appear: 1. The full title: An Act of Piracy 2. Writing credit: By Patrick Derksen 3. Publication notice: “Produced by special arrangement with Pioneer Drama Service, Denver, Colorado” 52 For preview only AN ACT OF PIRACY COSTUMES By PATRICK DERKSEN CRANBURY’S COMPANY wear Roman costumes in Act One (breastplates and Spartan helmets for the SOLDIERS; togas for ALL OTHERS), and CAST OF CHARACTERS then switch to unconvincing pirate costumes in Act Two. It can be very # of lines apparent they are wearing costumes, looking less authentic than the Townspeople real pirates.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nautical Mind Marine Booksellers & Chart Agents
    fall 2007 NAUTICAL MINbooks | charts | voyageD planning The Nautical Mind Marine Booksellers & Chart Agents 249 Queen’s Quay West Toronto, Ontario, m5j 2n5 tel: (416) 203-1163 toll free: (800) 463-9951 nauticalmind.com Contents see page 5 see page 8 see page 20 see page 14 Inside PLUS… 4 A Boater’s Dozen: 6 First Comes the Dream The Power and the Glory 1 1 Luscious Liners 5 Cruising 13 Pirates for Kids 7 Boat Design 15 Department of Guardian Angels 8 Boat Construction 16 Seamanship Never Looked So Good 9 Maintenance 18 The Big Questions 10 Electrics, Electronics & Engines 19 Knots 11 Picture & Coffee Table Books 20 Hook, Line, and Fender 12 The Great Lakes 21 Naval Exploits 13 Kids’ Books 27 Tristan Jones 14 Pirates & Sea Dogs 30 What’s New at nauticalmind.com 15 Eclectic Collection 31 Bargains at nauticalmind.com 16 Gift Ideas 19 Seamanship & Navigation 22 Calendars for 2008 It’s Easy to Order You can drop by the store, 24 Great Books at Bargain Prices phone, e-mail or order securely online. tel: (416) 203-1163 toll free: (800) 463-9951 web: nauticalmind.com Prices subject to change. email: [email protected] | tel: (416) 203-1163 | toll free: (800) 463-9951 | nautical mind The Power and the Glory A Boater’s Dozen/Cruising A BOATER’S DOZEN Here are our picks for the books—some new, some timeless—that we think best capture the force, might, and many moods of wind and sea. new Surviving the Storm: Coastal & new Beyond Endurance: 300 Boats, Offshore Tactics Sailors’ Wisdom: Day by Day 600 Miles, and One Deadly Storm by Steve & Linda Dashew by Philip Plisson by Adam Mayers Using a wealth of photos and diagrams, Master marine photographer Philip The disastrous 1979 Fastnet race is infa- the Dashews explain heavy-weather Plisson presents the sea, waves, swells, mous among sailors.
    [Show full text]
  • Bristol and Piracy in the Late Sixteenth Century (PDF, 3224Kb)
    University of Bristol Department of Historical Studies Best undergraduate dissertations of 2013 Isabella Hill Bristol and Piracy in the Late Sixteenth Century The Department of Historical Studies at the University of Bristol is com- mitted to the advancement of historical knowledge and understanding, and to research of the highest order. We believe that our undergraduates are part of that endeavour. In June 2009, the Department voted to begin to publish the best of the an- nual dissertations produced by the department’s final year undergraduates (deemed to be those receiving a mark of 75 or above) in recognition of the excellent research work being undertaken by our students. This was one of the best of this year’s final year undergraduate disserta- tions. Please note: this dissertation is published in the state it was submitted for examination. Thus the author has not been able to correct errors and/or departures from departmental guidelines for the presentation of dissertations (e.g. in the formatting of its footnotes and bibliography). © The author, 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the prior permission in writing of the author, or as expressly permitted by law. All citations of this work must be properly acknowledged. Bristol and Piracy in the Late Sixteenth Century 0905355 Undergraduate Dissertation, Bristol University, 2013. 1 CONTENTS Page Introduction 3 Chapter 1 Threats: Actual Damage 7 Chapter 2 Threats: Potential For Damage
    [Show full text]
  • Pirate Word List Ahoy: Hello Matey: Friend Example: "Ahoy There Matey! Come Aboard Me Ship!" Example: "Ahoy There Matey!"
    Talk Like a Pirate Word List Ahoy: hello Matey: friend Example: "Ahoy there matey! Come aboard me ship!" Example: "Ahoy there matey!" Avast: "What are you up to?" Me hearty: my friend Example: "Avast, me hearty?" Example: "Me hearty, help me search for treasure!" Bilge rat: a criminal Piece of eight: Spanish silver coin Example: "That ship be full of bilge rats!" Example: "The pay for the job be 25 pieces of eight!" Booty: treasure Scallywag: bad person Example: "The booty be buried on Treasure Island!" Example: "He be a mean, rotten scallywag!" Doubloon: Spanish gold coin Scuttlebutt: news or gossip Example: "I be saving me doubloons for a new ship!" Example: "I be new in town. What be the scuttlebutt?" Grog: a pirate's favorite drink Sea dog: very experienced sailor Example: "Tis' lovely grog that quenches me thirst!" Example: "We need good sea dogs for our crew." Heave to: an order to stop Sea legs: staying balanced on a boat Example: "Heave to me hearties so we can come Example: "Me sea legs kept me from tipping over into aboard!" the brink (sea)!" Jolly Roger: skull & crossbones flag Sea rover: pirate ship Example: "Their Jolly Roger is flying high, warning Example: "Look! On the horizon there be a dozen sea others to steer clear!" rovers heading our way!" Keel haul: severe punishment Shiver me timbers!: expression of Example: Arrr! We'll keel haul ye if ye steals our great shock or surprise treasure!" Land lubbers: non-seafaring folk Yo ho ho!: pirate laughter Example: "Those land lubbers would be useless trying Example: "Yo ho ho! What a funny joke!" to sail the Seven Seas!".
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Piracy: Pirates, Privateers, and the Government of Elizabeth I, 1558- 1588
    THE POLITICS OF PIRACY: PIRATES, PRIVATEERS, AND THE GOVERNMENT OF ELIZABETH I, 1558- 1588 Amanda J. Snyder A Thesis Submitted the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts Department of History University of North Carolina Wilmington 2006 Approved by Advisory Committee ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Chair Accepted by ______________________________ Dean, Graduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT................................................................................................................. iv DEDICATIONS.............................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1: THE NETHERLANDS: ANGLO-SPANISH RELATIONS FRACTURED.................................6 CHAPTER 2: RISE OF PIRACY................................................................................15 CHAPTER 3: ON THE BOOKS .................................................................................27 CHAPTER 4: CARIBBEAN RAIDS ..........................................................................68 CHAPTER 5: THE PRIMROSE’S THORN ...............................................................76 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................87 WORKS CITED ..........................................................................................................92
    [Show full text]
  • Pirates, Exiles, and Empire: English Seamen, Atlantic Expansion, and Jamaican Settlement, 1558-1658 Amanda J
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-27-2013 Pirates, Exiles, and Empire: English Seamen, Atlantic Expansion, and Jamaican Settlement, 1558-1658 Amanda J. Snyder Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI13042315 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, Other History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Snyder, Amanda J., "Pirates, Exiles, and Empire: English Seamen, Atlantic Expansion, and Jamaican Settlement, 1558-1658" (2013). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 857. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/857 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida PIRATES, EXILES, AND EMPIRE: ENGLISH SEAMEN, ATLANTIC EXPANSION, AND JAMAICAN SETTLEMENT, 1558-1658 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in HISTORY by Amanda Joyce Snyder 2013 To: Dean Kenneth G. Furton College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Amanda Joyce Snyder, and entitled Pirates, Exiles, and Empire: English Seamen, Atlantic Expansion, and Jamaican Settlement, 1558-1658, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ N. David Cook _______________________________________ Jenna M. Gibbs _______________________________________ James M. Sutton _______________________________________ Sherry Johnson, Major Professor Date of Defense: March 27, 2013 The dissertation of Amanda Joyce Snyder is approved.
    [Show full text]
  • Pirates of the Elizabethan Cold War, 1558-1685 Dodie Jones
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research Spring 2000 Royal protectors, explorers and thieves : pirates of the Elizabethan cold war, 1558-1685 Dodie Jones Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Recommended Citation Jones, Dodie, "Royal protectors, explorers and thieves : pirates of the Elizabethan cold war, 1558-1685" (2000). Honors Theses. Paper 312. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND LIBRARIES 1 lllll llll llllll II lllll lllll llll II llllll Ill Ill lllll lllll llll 11111 3 3082 00802 6204 UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND ROYAL PROTECTORS, EXPLORERS, AND THIEVES: PIRATES OF THE ELIZABETHAN COLD WAR, 1558-1585 AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF HISTORY IN THE CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN HISTORY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY DODIEJONES RICHMOND, VIRGINIA MAY2000 I Abstract Within this paper, I intend to explain the significance of Elizabethan pirates as financial and defensive assets to Elizabethan England. Because the pirates existed as plunderers and thieves, outright state support of their ventures by Parliament and the Queen is difficult to determine. Evidence indicates, however, that Queen Elizabeth I developed relationships with specific pirates, chiefly Sir John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake. Elizabeth entrusted Hawkins and Drake to employ cold war tactics against Spain and secure England's financial stability with stolen goods.
    [Show full text]
  • Gentili and the Law of the Sea
    Chapter 6 Gentili and the Law of the Sea Where are your monuments, your battles, martyrs? Where is your tribal memory? Sirs, in that grey vault. The sea. The sea has locked them up. The sea is History.1 ∵ 6.1 Introduction In the Age of Exploration, which began in the early fifteenth century and lasted until the seventeenth century, European explorers, merchants, and adventur- ers began to travel the world by sea in search of new trading routes, riches, and knowledge. The exploration of distant lands and civilizations led to a sharp rise in global trade flows, diplomacy, and cultural interactions across the globe. The movement of people, goods, and ideas intensified dramatically during this era.2 Advancements in cartography and navigational instruments led to a new mapping of the globe, resulting in a new world-view. The world’s seas and oceans served as bridges to growing interaction among different polities, link- ing them in dense webs of commercial and cultural exchange.3 From the per- spective of many non-Europeans, though, the Age of Exploration meant the arrival of foreigners from previously unknown continents; the propagation of diseases that decimated populations; and exploitation, conquest, and war. Therefore, the age required a sustained reflection on how the law of nations regulated international cultural diversity, trade, and the world’s oceans. Yet, in the early modern period, the law of the sea (ius maris) remained vague, incomplete, and largely inconsistent. Only a few treaties addressed the law of the sea bilaterally and only then in a fragmentary fashion. In parallel, the 1 Derek Walcott, ‘The Sea is History’, in Derek Walcott, Selected Poems (London: Faber 2009).
    [Show full text]