Gotthard Basetunnel: Aspects of Long Tunnels

TBM Tunnelling in the Himalayan Region, Kathmandu, Nepal, January 27, 2011 Amberg Engineering Ltd., Regensdorf, Switzerland M.Sc. F Amberg presented by: Aspects of Long Tunnels Gotthard Basetunnel WORKSHOP 13. / 14. 2014, FEBRUAR GENEVA CIRCULAR COLLIDER FUTURE

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Content 5. FCC and 5. FCC and Gotthard Basetunnel 4. Risk Mitigation and Risk 3. Gotthard Basetunnel:Some Constructional Aspects 2.NEAT and Gotthard Basetunnel:From Concept Completionto 1.Introduction

. . . . . Tunnels Deep) (and Long of Challenges Main Introduction Introduction FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Muck treatment, material deposits Logistics Investigations Geological variety,(high overburden Tunnel length leeds to long construction time ...... Access shaftsand galleries Longtransport distances Higherremainingto risks comparedprojects other Notpossible/ reasonable theover entire length Intermediatepointsof feasible)attack (if to cut constructiontime into increase orderperformance Mechanizationautomation/ of procedures,trend totheuse of TBM

)

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Content 5. FCC and 5. FCC and Gotthard Basetunnel 4. Risk Mitigation and Risk 3. Some Constructional AspectsGotthard Basetunnel 2.NEAT and Gotthard Basetunnel:From Concept Completionto 1.Introduction

3.1 Investigation, Logistics, Excavation,TBM 3.3 Safety,Fire PreventionControl, and Ventilation 3.2 Environment,Muck Treatment 2.3 Costs 2.2 Contractual and Organisational Aspects,Communication 2.1 Background

Cross the CrossAlps More and More People and Goods FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva (Source: (Source: derGBT, längste Tunnel Zukunft Die der Welt, beginnt, Werd R.E.VerlagZürich, 2002) Jeker Hrsg.

1991 and1991 2020 CrossingTraffic the Alps, Estimated Increasebetween FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

(Source: .ch) (Source: www.alptransit

Shall Enhance Transferring fromRoadTraffic to Rail The Modernisation of the Railway Infrastructure FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva (Source: .ch) (Source: www.alptransit

this trafic should be decision in Switzerland capacity through the Alps the EU resulted resulted in a The political pressure pressure political from to have more traffic political political on on rails

that

What’s What’s the Gotthard Axis? FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva passenger passenger traffic faster transportation more productive and The new route makes freight . . . The Gotthard axis includes the construction) Ceneri Base Tunnel (under construction) Gotthard Base Tunnel GBT (under are supended) Zimmerberg Base Tunnel (works

(Source: .ch) (Source: www.alptransit

Gotthard Gotthard Axis, Longitudinal Profile FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Tunnel Railway Zimmerberg existing

Railway Gotthard existing

Tunnel - Tunnel Railway Ceneri existing -

Reasons of Reasonsthe Swiss Government for the NEAT FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva . . . . . in Europe in political: European Economical: south and north between connection politics: National environment the Environmental: rail Transportpolitical:

connection to Europe‘s high speed rail network rail speed high to Europe‘s connection

reduction the number of trucks, protection of of protection of trucks, number the reduction

network instead of only one axis, improved improved axis, one only of instead network

Switzerland strengthens its central role role its central strengthens Switzerland transfer long distance trafficto distance road long transfer from

times Public Votations on the NEATProject FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva . . . For on on goods on

the the the the :

( technical overall introducing NEAT freight

scheme ) financing

scheme

the tax

of : network

the on Swiss Swiss

the project

transportation population instead

of only

voted

of one

heavy

three axis

FederalGovernment, Operating andCompanies Clients Over FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva (Source: .ch) (Source: www.alptransit Clients Clients - all all Organisation:

Federal Council Departments

Parliament

Operating Operating companies

Planning Approvals Procedure FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Where . . . . Authorisedraiseto objections . . . Communities Personare who concernedleasers asor tenants Keepersrespective of rights neighbours as Owners of affectedestates public stakeout 30for consultancy dayspublic local communities atthe publications in official journals to raiseobjections

: only directlyat the BAV (Ministry Transport) of

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Permanent Communication: Permanent Bodio Visitor Centre

approx. 25% ca.25% scheme) Source ofthe Capital (30Billion CHF FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Oil tax Petroleum tax approx. 10 % Value added tax

– tax tax approx. 65% tax ca.25% Heavygoods vehicles Heavyvehiclesgoods

for entireNEAT (Source: (Source: www.alptransit.ch)

Use of the Use Capital (30Billion CHF) FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Rail Rail 2000 1. 1. Phase ca. ca. 25 % Noise reduction (incl.

rolling stock) ca. ca. 20 % 2. Phase Rail Rail 2000 ca. ca. 5 %

ca. ca. 3 % Base Tunnel Zimmerberg network network ca. 5 % European high speed Connection to the

ca. 20 % Gotthard Base Tunnel

ca. ca. 5 % Ceneri Base Tunnel

ca. ca. 7 % Reserves

ca. ca. 10 % Base Tunnel Lötschberg

(Source: (Source: www.alptransit.ch)

. . . . CostsCredit versusContract FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva The final costs can now be estimated with + The margin between costs and credit was originally+ 25%. The NEAT The NEAT

compared with the credit. according to the progress of the planning and/or the work and the cost forecast is constantly (i.e. every6 months) up the cost is the sum of all contracted works reserve lump sum for ‚unexpected events and conditions‘ it was based on a ‚probable‘ geological situation and has a the government was established at a veryearly phase and was approved by costs credit : :

- 5%.

- dated dated

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Development of Total Development Potential Costs(total and Risk axis) total costs Estimated Riskpotential 11‘800

total costs Estimated Riskpotential 11‘836

total costs Estimated Riskpotential 11‘874

total costs Estimated (Source: (Source: AlpTransit Gotthard AG) Riskpotential 11‘878

costs Cost Overruns: Magnitude and Reasons FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva . . . . . Reasons Magnitude in total: There Safety Political Improvements Geology Constracts Quelle: GotthardAlpTransit AG

for had

and delays : :

the

been and state

Gotthard Gotthard

for

and construction -

of a

the -

constant the financial

public - art Basetunnel technology

and restrictions

increase

approx > approx the

environment :

(

: primilary

in 3 Mia CHF( investments

figures

approx approx approx approx approx ca )

and 40%)

53% 21% 18% 7% 2%

Three Alternatives for Three for the Alternatives Alignment of the GBT FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Erstfeld Amstego

Faido Sedrun

(Source: (Source: derGBT, längste Tunnel Zukunft Die der Welt, beginnt, Werd R.E.VerlagZürich, 2002) Jeker Hrsg.

Bodio

Erstfeld shifted from Amsteg to the Northernportalwas 49.2 + 577.8 km = Selected alternative

Geological Alignment ...... FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva dams dams possible As large distant to reservoirs and Major fault zones: bypass Areas with highest overburden crossing, crossing, upwards drive „Piora Basin“ aquiferous) „Useren Gavera Zone“ (probably  „Tavetsch Intermediate Massif“

shortest shortest possible crossing



drive on the rise

shortest shortest possible



Piora

Aar Gotthard TZM UGZ -

Penninian gneiss

Massif Scopi

- Massif

zone -

Overview Overview GBT FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

Geological Longitudinal Profile FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

Possible Tunnelof the GBT Systems FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Project

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva StandardSection CrossTBM Drive Cross section: 66.48m² Preliminary rock support Space for deformation Main drainage Tolerance

9.30 m

R = 3.95 m

Waterproof membrane Concretetrackway In situ concretelining Secondary drainage Clearance profile

Geology andHeading Sections FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva drill & blast drill drill &drill blast

Gotthard Gotthard Tunnel,Base Schedule FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

(Source: (Source: www.alptransit.ch)

Gotthard Gotthard Tunnel,Base Geological Longitudinal Profile FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Two major geotechnical critical zones

Quelle: AlpTransit Gotthard AG GotthardAlpTransit Quelle:

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Geological Investigations TZM and UGZ

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Geological Investigations Piora Bassin

Exploration Drillings during Excavation FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

. RCV: 3 RCV: 3D Tunnel Seismic Prediction ahead ofTunnel Face FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva . . - component component receivers 4 receivers 1 or more shot lines w/ small explosive charges

3D Tunnel Seismic Prediction 3D . FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva 38

- seismic seismic velocity distribution ahead of the tunnel face

3D 3D also, under specific conditions, of karst phenomena 3D Tunnel Seismic Prediction FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva . cross section

......

plan longitudinal 50 0 m 50 50 0 m 50 .

0 m

. . fault fault & fracture zones 100

. 200

Exploration FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva -

Decision Tree

Exploration FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva - - - - explorationAdditional Depending onthe results - - - - Systematic exploration Protectedpreventer with Coredrilling additionalpercussiondrilling Borlogscanning Protectedpreventer with Percussiondrillings TunnelPrediction Seismic Measureof temperature

decision tree

Preparation FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Instruction Geology Standard excavation Standard

Monitoring Calcula tions

for

all all

Explora Adapta tions tion site

- -

characteristics Drawings Opera

tions

Geology Difficult Action Action plan 2 plan 1

Calcula reports Fault Zones Projects forProjects techn - tions (Piora)

Instruction Drawings

Logistics FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva . . limited . . Question of technical economicial time costs

and feasibility

–

priorities

Important Important Support

and

between

Conditions Conditions / bases FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva . . The conveyors on transport a highperformance system construction time the combination concreting

of 2 TBM ( of 2 of the constraints lining

instead

parallel

of 4) for of 4)for the

to the excavation due to due to the excavation tracks excavated

and not

lots lots with means

Logistics FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva ...... Information Information flow is vital «Trouble shooting» is baserequirement High flexibility needed Professionnel behaviour needed Highly skilled needed staff Logistics is the responsibility of the ‘production’

. . . . Logistics through Shafts Definition of a coherent logistic concept serving as base for: . FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva 46

necessary necessary transport handling elements at the shaft foot final necessary shaft diameter other all elements of the supply chain the necessary hoisting systems in the shaft

for the Base Shaft Dimensions ......

Operation Operation Construction . FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva 47

Fresh Exhaust Supply Hoisting Ventilation ( Transport Supply Hoisting Cable Space

air ducts

for period pipelines of

air of of

shaft

support hoisting of period

personell personell muck material

shaft fresh

all

further

air

material installations

and and

material

exhaust

rescue

air )

Logistics through Shafts FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

Sedrun Shaft at Gotthard Basetunnel FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Northern drives Northern field installation Portal cement conveying cement pneumatic for Pipeline Access tunnel Access Concrete plant, silos plant, Concrete transport Trackbound Depth ~800 m ~800 Depth Foot of shaft of Foot

Sedrun shaft Sedrun Trackbound transport Trackbound Head of shaft of Head Counterweight material - construction material - excavated persons - carrying for: Cage

Gotthard Base Tunnel Base Gotthard Southern drives Southern Ventilation tunnel Ventilation

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Main Characteristics of Sedrun Shaft Sedrun of Characteristics Main . . . . .

Inner diameter 7.9 m 7.9 diameter Inner cm 25 t= lining Concrete with support Preliminary m 8.6 of excavation Diameter deep 800 m

shotcrete

and anchors and

D ru c k l u ftl e iD tu n ru g cØ k lBergwasserpumpleitung3 u 0 ftl e 0 im m tuZ n e g mØ e n3 tl 0Bergwasserfallleitung e 0 im m tu n gØ Druckluft4 0Ø 0m 400 m Mechanisches Lot mm undØ 2Datenübertragung100 x 1 6mm k VH o c h s p a n n u n g s k a b e l data transmission cable transmission data cable voltage kV high x 16 2 ground water pumping line pumping water ground mm line water ground cement pipe cement line air compressed line plumb mechanical Compressed air line air Compressed Compressed air line air Compressed Section Section of Shaft I Sedrun Equipment with

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

Ø 400 Ø 100

Ø 300 Ø 300

cooling water line water cooling Ø 400 Ø

K ü h l w a s s e rl e i tu n gØ 2 0 0m m Ø 200

ground water pumping line pumping water ground Ø 7.90 m Zuluft Reserve

BergwasserpumpleitungØ 400 mm additional lift 2 x 9 persons x 9 lift 2 additional counter weight counter cable transmission data cable voltage kV high x 16 2 reservoir feeder line feeder reservoir lifting cage (6 m x 2.5 m) x 2.5 m (6 cage lifting concrete lining 25 cm 25 lining concrete shotcrete water line to tunnel to line water

Ø 400 Ø

Ø 300

G e g e n g e wHilfsfahranlage i c h t Datenübertragung,2 x 9 Personen ReservoirBrauchwassereinspeisungSteuerkabel bis Tunnelniveau ReservoirzulaufØ2 300 x 1 6mm k VH o cFörderkorb h s p a n n uOrtbetonverkleidung(ca. n g6 m s x k2,5 am) bSpritzbeton e l 25 cm Construction Phases (Excavate the Caverns at ShaftConstructionthe Foot)CavernsPhases (Excavate FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

Phase 1 Phase

Phase 2 Phase

Phase3 . 3. Phase .

Caverns at ShaftFoot Caverns FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

BenchHeading in Longitudinal Cavern FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

Concrete ProductionConcrete Plant at ShaftFoot FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

from there from run and of shafts foot the at put be can installations complex end large Even

Source: Source: www.AlpTransitGotthard.ch TBM + Back of TBMAssembly Underground FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva and disassembled underground underground disassembled and next the to drive one from transported assembled, can be TBM -

up Installations up = 440m

TBM Transport Underground byLow FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

- Loading Truck

Dismantling of TBM Underground FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

(Source: (Source: www.Apltransit.ch)

Dismantling of TBM Underground Source: Source: AlpTransit Gotthard AG FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

Soft Ground TBM with High Groundwater Pressure FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva (example:Westershelde Tunnel NL) in art the of state are bars 10 to up pressure water in and soil TBM

Mixed Useof TBMand (Rock Soil) FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

tunnel Zurich) tunnel Weinberg (example: underground made are adaptations necessary same the TBM, with excavated be can soil and rock Nowadays

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Final a watertight final lining final a watertight pre with lining segmental and TBM - casted elements results in results elements casted Lining

Amounts Excavated of Material FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva (Source: (Source: derGBT, längste Tunnel Zukunft Die der Welt, beginnt, Werd R.E.VerlagZürich, 2002) Jeker Hrsg.

RecyclingMaterial of Excavated FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

Muck Treatment Plant Muck Treatment on Installation Site Amsteg FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva www.Apltransit.ch) (Source: (Source:

Faido . FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Quelle: Quelle: Gotthard AlpTransit AG -

Muck Treatment / Concrete Production Concrete Muck / Treatment

Muck ConveyorBelt FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva

Faido . FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Quelle: Quelle: Gotthard AlpTransit AG -

Muck Cavienca Deposit

Bodio FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva –

Muck DepositBuzza di Biasca

Sedrun FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva . Quelle: Quelle: Gotthard AlpTransit AG -

Muck DepositValBugwei

andStation Emergency Gotthard Tunnel,Base Tunnel System FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva north portal portal north Erstfeld

access tunnel Amsteg multifunction station station multifunction

adit and ventilation ventilation and adit Sedrun shaft shaft I shaft

Fresh air /escape tube exit air shaft II shaft

emergency stop multifunction station station multifunction in the tunnel in the emergency station

Faido

access tunnel emergency station

south portal portal south single Bodio tube tube - track

Design Design and Risk Assessment Process FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva AlpTransitGotthard Ltd Safety integrated design for the GBT Safetymeasures documentation concept Safety Risk Analysis Safety

recommendations Safetymeasures Safetyreport, Risk Analysis requirements Authorities Safety

. . Aim

Best FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Define Include

at solution

the

total total

various overall Construction Operation Safety Operation Construction utility

costs Construction = Maximum

best aspects Life

by cycle

solution weighing costs Maintenance Operation Demolition

Hazard ( in in accordance Total effects Total Utility :

costs costs

economic costs of

the

life

with relevant relevant costs Traffic related Environmental cycle

the related costs costs

defined

aspects

objectives :

and

goals )

Comparison of Solutions Comparison of Safety Operation Construction FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Total Utility 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0.4 0.4 0.2

0.333 0.333 0.333

0.25 0.25

0.5

0.15 0.15 0.7

Weights Variant D Variant C Variant B Variant A

D C B A

Risk FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Basis

and Action Processing System definition Planning, identification

Safety

Evaluation

Assessment Assessment

- Follow up

...... (specification of / use of) use of / (specification tests and investigations technical Supporting analyses risk Quantitative analyses risk Qualitative / benchmarking Review Safety / analysis identification Hazard needs actual the to adapted approach Stepwise

Hereby another concept for the tunnel may prove to be preferable. to be prove may tunnel the for concept another Hereby deviate. may parameters significant some length of similar even tunnel another For of conditions actual the on is dependent process design integrated The Other Other FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva • • • • • • etc. conditions operational concepts rescue and Safety economy composition traffic and the tunnel the Tunnel

Types

than

Railway

Tunnels

Risk Managementin Underground Construction FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Risk Management Planning Risk Identification Risk Responding Risk Monitoring Risk Analysis acceptable and Control yes Risk no no Risks New New yes

least every 6 months every least at evaluated been have relevance cost their and risks constructional In theGotthard Axis the

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva Risk Management project Therefore . . Risk analyzing Risk

a not

continuous

management only management initiation

and a the

single

responding

risk process to

event

project control

during the

to completion

systematic project

part the

entire of

risks

. the

project process

project

life of

identifying, cycle

from

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva and of CostEstimation +/ Accuracy Range Geological Responding, Risk of Risks

25%

2005) management Symposium Kasseler Projekt Gotthard Basistunnel, Kostenrisiken am Beispiel Büchler, Systematik der (Source: Baumgärtner, 1992

FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva and of Cost Accuracy Astimation +/ Range Geological Responding, Risk of Risks

10%

2005) management Symposium Kasseler Projekt Gotthard Basistunnel, Kostenrisiken am Beispiel Büchler, Systematik der (Source: Baumgärtner, 2002

FCC andFCC Gotthard Basetunnel FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva purpose (c = comparable, nc = not comparable) = not nc comparable, = (c safety Tunnel climate (temperature geographical and and air) geological conditions

evacuation fire airfresh air movements temperature tunnel coredrilling prospection)(geol. overburden rock conditions operationin use item - life

- safety

- system

trough an escape tunnel to the surface the to tunnel escape antrough room orprotected ventilated illuminated and savea wellas to possible as fast brought be to trainhave personsonein 1000Up to fire a extinguish to orhowhazard anyduring behavetrained to persons trains notin are traindrivers affects sight mist whichalso upcoming avoid continuouslyto changedbe to air has operationduring passing whentunnel the airthe through trains pushingarespeed high (winterdegreesover40degrees to time) up lies minus rock some temperaturespan between m some 100 access drillor to place systematically every impossible find often mountains to highthein tectonically metamorphic deformed rock rock hardm often 2000to middle hard to up (expl.Piora) tectonically zonesgreatwithdeformed fault rock alpineandheavily formations alpine pre traintunneltrack single speed high GBT

rescued acceleratorbeingfor installation) therewait to chambers construction duringand(alsoused safety to brought this way,beotherscan all use can sectors in staff bewhichcanevacuated hazardanygoor to handle where about CERN of staff willwellinstructed andbetrained fixedspecifications arebeoperation forto tunnel, in machines andstaff of accordingnumber to FCCbeventilated to maintenance during lot heat of wheremachine is aproducinga air turbulencesareasnoin movements except experiments influencevariationstemperature might of more or less rock temperature, constant drill coreaeasilywithreached construction becan future FCCin the of everyareapoint bedrockundisturbed rock middle hardm mostly to soft 600 to up Juraformations of limestone prerock withandzonesalpinecontact mostly in layersbedrock fewdisturbed of flat experimentalstructure FCC

x x x x x x x x x nc

FCC andFCC Gotthard Basetunnel FCCWorkshop, 13. / 14. February 2014, Geneva (c = comparable, nc = not comparable) = not nc comparable, = (c

Realization of FCC disposal aggregate processing of muck and/or site logistic starting operation) owners organisation (planning/ realization/ item

disposed disposed in landfills and lake Lucerne aggregates for the concrete, muck was aggregate processing plants prepare to all building sites werewith equipped for rail engineering and safety purposes realize the whole project, sites also used 5 big building necessary sites were to starting operation) engineering and safety installations, safety / overhand from to construction rail engineering / tendering and realization construction tendering / and realization rail safety/ tendering and realization civil (planning construction, rail engineering and complex project with different stages GBT

landfills landfills shaft accesses, be deposed rest to in for landscaping around surface buildings of aggregate processing, be muck used could Encountered rock not is mostly suited for purposes for accelerator installation and safety realize the whole project, sites also used sized building sites will be necessary to 4 starting operation) accelerator and safety installations, safety / overhand from to construction accelerator / tendering and realization construction tendering / and realization safety / tendering and realization civil (planning construction, accelerator and complex project with different stages FCC –

5 big building 5 big building sites to and middle 4 5

x x x c

(x) nc

TBM Tunnelling in the Himalayan Region, Kathmandu, Nepal, January 27, 2011 Thankyoufor much very your kind attention!your