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Preserving Genetic Resources in Agriculture Achievements of the 17 Projects of the Community Programme 2006-2011

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Preserving Genetic Resources in Agriculture Achievements of the 17 Projects of the Community Programme 2006-2011 Preserving genetic resources in agriculture Achievements of the 17 projects of the Community Programme 2006-2011 Agriculture and Rural Development Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available at: http://europa.eu The projects’ executive summaries were prepared by the implementing organisations. Further details regarding the projects can be found at: http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/genetic-resources/actions/index_en.htm The information and views set out in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. The text of this publication is for information purposes only and is not legally binding. The maps in this publication are only indicative. The borders shown on the maps do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Union. Reproduction is authorized, provided the source is acknowledged. All photos are under copyright. Copyright of the photos: European Commission © European Commission, 2013 Printed in Belgium Printed on recycled paper Preserving genetic resources in agriculture Achievements of the 17 projects of the Community Programme 2006-2011 Foreword Maintaining and developing sustainable uses for agricultural The Community programme has promoted the preservation of genetic resources is essential for ensuring food security in genetic diversity and the exchange of information across a sustainable manner. Europe. Those projects were dedicated to consolidating and enhancing the work of a wide range of gene banks and collec- Preserving and fostering the sustainable use of agricultural tions (ex situ) as well as conservation at farm level (in situ). genetic resources is vital for the development of agricultural pro- duction, also with respect to being able to adapt to environmen- These achievements will form the basis for further reflections tal changes and climate change and to react to evolving diseases. on future actions which will have a particular emphasis on Furthermore, preserving agricultural genetic resources will main- encouraging the participation of end-users, including breeders, tain our traditions and provide end users with multiple opportu- farmers, non-governmental organisations, and consumers. This nities, including the enhancement of food quality and additional new emphasis reflects the need for widening the basis for add- options to sustain economically on changing markets. ing value to the conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources and facilitating related innovations at the level of The sustainable management of genetic resources is a key agricultural practice. contribution to reaching the objectives of the EU Biodiversity Strategy towards 2020, in line with the commitments under the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity and of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The Community Programme, established by Council Regulation (EC) No 870/2004 on the conservation, characterisation, col- lection and utilisation of genetic resources in agriculture has been successfully implemented. The 17 supported projects of this programme represent important contributions to the con- servation of cereals, fruits, vegetables, grapevine, forest resources and farm animals such as cattle and sheep. The pro- jects involved around 180 partners located in 25 Member States and 12 non-EU countries, with a budget of EUR 8.9 mil- lion. This publication compiles the executive summaries of the Dacian Cioloş 17 projects established under the ‘Community programme’, dedicated to the conservation and use of both plant and ani- European Commissioner for Agriculture mal genetic resources. and Rural Development 5 Content Introduction 6 Map 9 Animal genetic resources 11 Cattle 12 Farm animals 18 Sheep 24 Livestock breeds 30 Livestock globalview 34 Arable crop and cereal genetic resources 43 Rice 44 Crop biodiversity in situ 50 Oats 58 Forest genetic resources 67 Forest trees 68 Fruit, vegetable and spice genetic resources 77 Leafy vegetables 78 Grapevine 82 Saffron 88 Strawberries and raspberries 96 Garlic and others 102 Artichokes 108 Nuts and almonds 114 Currants and gooseberry 120 6 Introduction The second European Community Programme on the Conservation, 5. Developed and published useful guidelines including Characterisation, Collection and Utilisation of Genetic Resources standards and requirements for genetic resource conser- in Agriculture (2006-2011, Council Regulation (EC) No. 870/2004) vation and use of conserved material. followed up on the success of the first Programme (1994-1999, 6. Developed strategies for the promotion of under-utilised Council Regulation (EC) No. 1467/1994). The overriding objective genetic resources and local breeds. of the second Community Programme was to complement 7. Promoted scientific knowledge in the area of genetic and promote, at Community level, relevant work undertaken in resources in agriculture. individual Member States on these important activities regarding 8. Built useful links and collaborations among key European plant, microbial and animal genetic resources which are of use stakeholders. in agriculture. 9. Promoted awareness and information exchange on issues related to agricultural biodiversity, rural sustainability, and In this context, the second Community Programme co-funded food quality and security. 17 individual projects, which dealt with animal resources of various livestock species, arable crop and cereal resources, fruit Considerable benefits are expected to accrue from the above vegetable and spice resources, and forest resources. Overall, outcomes for the stakeholders, the rural environment, the sci- 12 projects addressed plant and 5 animal genetic resources. entific community, and the society as a whole. The very nature of these benefits ensures that their effect will last beyond the This brochure presents the 17 projects’ executive summaries, formal end of the Community Programme. At the same time, which were prepared by the implementing organisations. however, further funding will be required for a follow up to these outcomes (e.g. database and genebank maintenance) in As stated in the evaluation of this Community Programme, the order to bring continuity to improving the conservation and uti- 17 projects contributed to the objectives of the Programme lisation of the European genetic resources. and achieved, collectively, the following: In addition to successfully supporting the Programme’s objec- 1. Addressed both in situ and ex situ conservation issues. tives, the 17 co-funded projects collectively contributed to 2. Led to the phenotypic and/or molecular characterisation the Programme’s complementarities with other EC instruments. of about 14 500 new and existing collections of agricul- For example, some of these projects were submitted as follow- tural and forestry species. ups on projects co-funded by the first Community Programme 3. Contributed to the collection of about 5 000 new acces- (1467/94). Other projects complemented projects co-funded sions (samples) of agricultural and forestry species. by the Research Framework Programmes. These were useful 4. Established searchable databases, national inventory cases of the logical progression in science from research lead- networks, genebanks and DNA repositories. ing to innovation, discoveries and, finally, implementation and 7 application. There were also cases of complementarities of this agriculture. Future activities should focus more on the optimal Community Programme with national activities supported by utilisation and management of these resources, directly involv- Rural Development Programmes. All these cases exemplify the ing end-users including Small and Medium Enterprises, and considerable scope in forming an uninterrupted continuum consumers organisations. These are considered essential to across diverse activities aiming at a similar overriding objec- ensure that (i) the key stakeholder needs are fully understood tive, namely the sustainable conservation, management and and catered to and (ii) the uptake of scientific research results utilisation of genetic resources in agriculture. The challenge is materialises effectively along with the necessary synergies for to do so without redundancies and overlaps. practical implementation. Indeed, the on-going scientific momentum and developments in the areas of genomics and Throughout the second Community Programme, the preserva- post-genomics research promise a more effective use of tion and management of genetic resources was linked with vital genetic resources for the benefit of agriculture through a deep- needs of the agricultural sector in the way the former contributes ened understanding of the genetic mechanisms that control to food security as well as the rural economy. The latter can be life. Harnessing this momentum will undoubtedly be a key in fuelled by the use of local animal breeds and plant varieties. valorising the role of genetic resources in addressing the chal- It should be recognised, however, that, more often than not, local lenges of sustainable food production and security. breeds and varieties that
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