DOCSLIB.ORG

Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zoob Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 75 - 19,497 VIETH, Jane Karoline, 1943- JOSEPH P, KENNEDY: AMBASSADOR to the COURT of ST

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zoob Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 75 - 19,497 VIETH, Jane Karoline, 1943- JOSEPH P, KENNEDY: AMBASSADOR to the COURT of ST INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with ^jacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an im a^ on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zoob Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 75 - 19,497 VIETH, Jane Karoline, 1943- JOSEPH P, KENNEDY: AMBASSADOR TO THE COURT OF ST. JAMES'S, 1938-1940. (VOLUMES I AND II) The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1975 History, general Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor. Michigan 48io5 (^Copyright by Jane Karoline Vieth 1975 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. JOSEPH P. KENNEDY: AMBASSADOR TO THE COURT OF ST. JAMES’S, 1938-1940 Volume I DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jane Karoline Vieth, B.S., M.A. ********* The Ohio State University 1975 Reading Committee: Approved By Philip P. Poirier Clayton R. Roberts Marvin ZaJiniser P Adviser Department of History ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Philip P. Poirier of the Department of History, Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Poirier's patience and his comments and criticisms were invaluable to me and greatly improved my dissertation. Conversations with Charles Roach, a long-time Kennedy friend and associate, gave me additional insights into the complex character and personality of Joseph Kennedy. I also appreciate the interest and advice of: David Dilks, University of Leeds; Donald Watt, London School of Economics; and Martin Gilbert, Merton College, Oxford. I am also grateful to A. J. P. Taylor and his excellent and friendly staff at the Beaverbrook Library who made valuable correspondence between Kennedy and Beaverbrook available to me; to the staff of the Public Records Office, London, for their guidance through the Foreign Office correspondence; to the Director and archivists at the Franklin D. Roose­ velt Library, Hyde Park, New York for their efficient and gracious help in making Roosevelt papers available and for promptly responding to my numerous phone calls and letters; and to the officials at the Library of Congress, At Churchill College, Cambridge, and the Cambridge University Library for further assistance in my research. Am also indebted to my typist. Coral Johnson, for her cheerfulness under enormous pressure and her numerous kindnesses. 11 TO THE MORE CREATIVE— CAROLINE SHAW VIETH VITA 5 February 1943 ....... Born, Coshocton, Ohio 1964................... B.S. in Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1967................... M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1967-1972 ............. Teaching Associate, Department of History, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1969................... The Lazarus Summer Fellowship, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1970-1971 ............. Research in London, England 1973-1975 ............. Instructor, Department of Humanities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: History History of England since 1714. Professor Philip P. Poirier History of Tudor and Stuart England. Professor Clayton R. Roberts History of the Middle Ages including England to 1485. Professor Franklin Pegues History of Twentieth Century Europe. Professor Peter Lamour TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume I Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................ ii DEDICATION...................... .......... iii VITA....................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................... V Chapter I. "THE LION'S MOUTH" .................. 1 II. "NINE CHILDREN AND NINE MILLION DOLLARS" 56 III. KENNEDY'S PERSONAL DIPLOMACY ......... 106 IV. MUNICH .............................. 152 V. "NO RISKS; NO COMMITMENTS" ........... 218 CHAPTER I "THE LION'S MOUTH" As the throng of well-wishers finally left the crowded stateroom five minutes before sailing time on February 24, 1938, the crew of the Manhattan prepared to set sail for England. On board was a most distin­ guished and colorful personality--a red-haired, forty-nine year old Irish Catholic, the father of nine children, a millionaire New Dealer, a Wall Street manipulator, a dabbler in the motion picture industry, a sharp, shrewd, ambitious man— Joseph P. Kennedy. A bemused Franklin Roosevelt had decided to confront His Majesty's Government with this Bostonian as his new Ambassador to the Court of St. James's. Kennedy told newsmen that he had not received "any instructions" from Roosevelt and that he was "just a babe, being thrown into--." Someone suggested, "The lion's mouth?"^ Kennedy gave a noncommital grin. A diplomatic dilemma greeted the new Ambassador when he arrived in London that Spring. War clouds hovered over Europe. Kennedy's dilemma was how to use effectively American influence with the British Government to reduce international tension and to maintain peace. And how to use his friendship with Roosevelt to untangle the mass of makeshift and con­ tradictory schemes of international cooperation which passed for American ^New York Times, February 24, 1938, 8. foreign policy. American foreign policy alternated between isolationism and internationalism. Roosevelt leaned one way, then the other, as political conditions dictated. Because of Roosevelt's flexibility, an ambassador in a major European capital like London could exert tremendous influence on the President's opinions. All his ambassadors were allowed to report to him directly. He distrusted professional diplomats and probably paid closest attention to reports submitted by his own hand-picked men; Kennedy was bound to inspire greater trust and confidence than the supposedly apolitical professional. Kennedy was a loyal Democrat, a generous contributor and campaigner and a devoted participant in the creation of the New Deal. He had repeatedly loaned Roosevelt his respectable businessman's backing to make the New Deal more palatable to the conservative business community in Wall Street. He thus had outstanding credentials. As an ambassador, Kennedy was nominally under the authority of the State Department. Yet, his status in the Democratic Party and his friendly relationship with Roosevelt gave him a large degree of freedom and an unusual opportunity to influence foreign policy. It is the purpose of this study to determine what Kennedy's atti­ tudes towards American foreign policy were before the outbreak of war Gordon Craig, The Diplomats: 1919-1959 (New Jersey, 1953) 654-655. Moffat writes that Hull will always refer Kennedy "to the White House as he considers [him] the President's personal selection." J. P. Moffat, The Moffat Papers (Cambridge, 1956) 153. and after the wa,r began; to discuss why he held these views; and to examine and evaluate their impact. To appraise Kennedy's success, one must understand the background and the political philosophies and personalities of the statesmen with whom he dealt, particularly Neville Chamberlain and Franklin Roosevelt. From behind their broad ocean— moats defensive to the republic, Americans in the 1920's and 1930's often regarded international events with a marked indifference. They demanded that American foreign policy guarantee their isolation from international squabbles--the collapse of the League of Nations, the Spanish Civil War, or Chamberlain's desperate attempt at appeasement. A generation earlier, in 1917, the United States had abandoned its tradition of isolation in a fervor of patriotism and idealism. But American participation in the Great War had not brought the just and lasting peace prophesied by Wilson, but only a Carthaginian treaty and a sullen truce. Americans claimed that they had been tricked into war by Allied propaganda or by the plots of munition manufacturers. In the 1920's Americans consequently began turning inward. Parti­ cipation in the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The German-American Bund: Fifth Column Or
    -41 THE GERMAN-AMERICAN BUND: FIFTH COLUMN OR DEUTSCHTUM? THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By James E. Geels, B. A. Denton, Texas August, 1975 Geels, James E., The German-American Bund: Fifth Column or Deutschtum? Master of Arts (History), August, 1975, 183 pp., bibliography, 140 titles. Although the German-American Bund received extensive press coverage during its existence and monographs of American politics in the 1930's refer to the Bund's activities, there has been no thorough examination of the charge that the Bund was a fifth column organization responsible to German authorities. This six-chapter study traces the Bund's history with an emphasis on determining the motivation of Bundists and the nature of the relationship between the Bund and the Third Reich. The conclusions are twofold. First, the Third Reich repeatedly discouraged the Bundists and attempted to dissociate itself from the Bund. Second, the Bund's commitment to Deutschtum through its endeavors to assist the German nation and the Third Reich contributed to American hatred of National Socialism. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION... ....... 1 II. DEUTSCHTUM.. ......... 14 III. ORIGIN AND IMAGE OF THE GERMAN- ... .50 AMERICAN BUND............ IV. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BUND AND THE THIRD REICH....... 82 V. INVESTIGATION OF THE BUND. 121 VI. CONCLUSION.. ......... 161 APPENDIX....... .............. ..... 170 BIBLIOGRAPHY......... ...........
    [Show full text]
  • Claud Cockburn's the Week and the Anti-Nazi Intrigue That Produced
    55 Fighting Fire with Propaganda: Claud Cockburn’s The Week and the Anti-Nazi Intrigue that Produced the ‘Cliveden Set,’ 1932-1939 by An Cushner “The public nervous system may be soothed by false explanations. But unless people are encouraged to look rather more coolly and deeply into these same phenomena of espionage and terrorism, they will make no progress towards any genuine self-defense against either.” --Claud Cockburn1 “Neville Chamberlain is lunching with me on Thursday, and I hope Edward Halifax.. .Apparently the Communist rag has been full of the Halifax-Lothian-Astor plot at Cliveden. people really seem to believe it.” --Nancy Astor to Lord Lothian2 In 1932, London Times editor Geoffrey Dawson sat at the desk of his former New York and Berlin correspondent, Claud Cockbum. A grandson of Scottish Lord Heniy Cockbum, the twenty-eight year old journalist had been born in China while his father was a diplomat with the British Legation during the Boxer Rebellion. Dawson attempted to dissuade Cockbum from quitting the Times, and he was sorry to see such a promising young newsman shun his aristocratic roots in order to join with the intellectual Left. After repeatedly trying to convince his fellow Oxford alumnus to reconsider his decision to resign, Dawson finally admitted defeat and sarcastically remarked to Cockbum that “[i]t does seem rather bad luck that you of all people should go Red on us.”3 Dawson had no way of knowing how hauntingly prophetic those words would prove to be. five years later, the strongly anti-communist newspaper editor’s words would come back to haunt him with a vengeance that neither man could have likely predicted.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in The
    INVESTIGATION OF UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SEVENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON H. Res. 282 TO INVESTIGATE (1) THE EXTENT, CHARACTER, AND OBJECTS OF UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES, (2) THE DIFFUSION WITHIN THE UNITED STATES OF SUBVERSIVE AND UN-AMERICAN PROP- AGANDA THAT IS INSTIGATED FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES OR OF A DOMESTIC ORIGIN AND ATTACKS THE PRINCIPLE OF THE FORM OF GOVERNMENT AS GUARANTEED BY OUR. CONSTITUTION, AND (3) ALL OTHER QUESTIONS IN RELATION THERETO THAT WOULD AID CONGRESS IN ANY NECESSARY REMEDIAL LEGISLATION APPENDIX-PART VII REPORT ON THE AXIS FRONT MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES FIRST SECTION-NAZI. ACTIVITIES Printed for the use of the Special Committee on Un-American Activities UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1VASIIINGTON : 1943 IN VESTIGATION OF UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES • • INTRODUCTION The following report is the first. section of a comprehensive digest which the committee has prepared dealing solely with the activities of Axis agents and organizations in the• United States. This com- mittee came into existence in 1938 several years after Adolf Hitler • and his Nazi Party had put in motion their ptan of spreading nazi-ism throughout the world. The United States was no exception to this diabolical scheme, fur Hitler had already planted in our midst many of his trusted agents who were carrying on their treasonable Work SPECIAL COMMITTEE ❑NT UN-A MERI CAN ACTIVITIES, WASHINGTON, D. C. unmolested. Many of the legitimate and traditional German societies in the United States had already been diverted to the cause of nazi- mARTIN DIES, Tccm, Clialrmag JOE .5TARNE.S, Alabama ism.
    [Show full text]
  • Presidents Worksheet 43 Secretaries of State (#1-24)
    PRESIDENTS WORKSHEET 43 NAME SOLUTION KEY SECRETARIES OF STATE (#1-24) Write the number of each president who matches each Secretary of State on the left. Some entries in each column will match more than one in the other column. Each president will be matched at least once. 9,10,13 Daniel Webster 1 George Washington 2 John Adams 14 William Marcy 3 Thomas Jefferson 18 Hamilton Fish 4 James Madison 5 James Monroe 5 John Quincy Adams 6 John Quincy Adams 12,13 John Clayton 7 Andrew Jackson 8 Martin Van Buren 7 Martin Van Buren 9 William Henry Harrison 21 Frederick Frelinghuysen 10 John Tyler 11 James Polk 6 Henry Clay (pictured) 12 Zachary Taylor 15 Lewis Cass 13 Millard Fillmore 14 Franklin Pierce 1 John Jay 15 James Buchanan 19 William Evarts 16 Abraham Lincoln 17 Andrew Johnson 7, 8 John Forsyth 18 Ulysses S. Grant 11 James Buchanan 19 Rutherford B. Hayes 20 James Garfield 3 James Madison 21 Chester Arthur 22/24 Grover Cleveland 20,21,23James Blaine 23 Benjamin Harrison 10 John Calhoun 18 Elihu Washburne 1 Thomas Jefferson 22/24 Thomas Bayard 4 James Monroe 23 John Foster 2 John Marshall 16,17 William Seward PRESIDENTS WORKSHEET 44 NAME SOLUTION KEY SECRETARIES OF STATE (#25-43) Write the number of each president who matches each Secretary of State on the left. Some entries in each column will match more than one in the other column. Each president will be matched at least once. 32 Cordell Hull 25 William McKinley 28 William Jennings Bryan 26 Theodore Roosevelt 40 Alexander Haig 27 William Howard Taft 30 Frank Kellogg 28 Woodrow Wilson 29 Warren Harding 34 John Foster Dulles 30 Calvin Coolidge 42 Madeleine Albright 31 Herbert Hoover 25 John Sherman 32 Franklin D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kennedy and Johnson Years. SPONS AGENCY National Inst
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 231 050 iA 015 ;711 AUTHOR Graham, Hugh Davis TITLE The Transformation of Federal Education,Policy: The Kennedy and Johnson Years. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE. Jan 83 , GRANT NIE-G-80-0139' .NOTE . 427p: PUB TYPE Historical Materials (060) -- Reports - General (140) Books (010) EDRS PRICE ME01/PC18 Plus Postage." DESCRIPTORS *Advisory Committees; Advocacy; Archives; De ision . Making; Educational Change; *Educational.His ory; : *Educational Legislation; Educational'Oualit Federal Government; Federal Legislation; Federal Programs4 Government School Relationship; Historiography; *PoliCy Formation;'Political Power;, Political Science; *Presidents; Social Change; Social SCience Research IDENTIFIERS Congress; *Great Society; Johnson (Lyndon Baines); Kennedy (John F); *Task Force Approach ABSTRACT Archive-based historical anaIysis brings a perspective to policy studies that is lackingn individual case° studies. The recently opened Kennedy and Johnson arChives facilitate an internal analysis of the evolution of education policyformulation in the 1960s from the petspective of the executive branch. The central thread of continuity for such an analysis is executive planning through presidential task forces, such as those coordinated in the mid-1960$ by Bill Moyers and Joseph Califano. While task . forcing was for Kennedy largely a one-shot ceampagn effort,of dubious efficacy, it was crucial for Johnson's construction of'the Great Sciciety's programmatic base. Task forces provide both
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    10609-04 Auger 2/6/04 10:35 AM Page 47 MARTIN F. AUGER ‘A Tempest in a Teapot’: Canadian Military Planning and the St. Pierre and Miquelon Affair, 1940-1942 THE SMALL FRENCH COLONY OF ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON, located some 32 kilometers off the south shore of Newfoundland, was a source of great concern for the Canadian government during the Second World War.1 When Nazi Germany defeated France in June 1940, the fate of the French Empire became uncertain. Canada and other Allied countries feared that French colonies might be used by the Germans to conduct military operations against them. The proximity of St. Pierre and Miquelon to Canada and the British colony of Newfoundland constituted a major threat. Negotiations immediately ensued between the American, British and Canadian governments as to the future of France’s territories in the Western Hemisphere. The main argument was whether or not the French islands needed to be occupied by Allied military forces. The issue, however, was solved in December 1941 when the Free French movement of General Charles de Gaulle sent a small naval task force to rally the archipelago to the Allied cause. Most historians who have analyzed the St. Pierre and Miquelon affair of 1940 to 1942 have focused upon the Free French takeover. Although some historians have studied Canada’s role in the affair from a diplomatic perspective, none have provided an in-depth analysis of Canadian military planning during this crisis.2 It is now clear that Canada undertook significant planning to launch an invasion. An understanding of the details of Canada’s invasion plan and the ultimate decision to postpone military action illuminates the changing structure of Canada’s relations with Great Britiain and the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering the Civil War in Wisconsin Wisconsin's Famous
    SPRING 2011 Remembering the Civil War in Wisconsin Wisconsin's Famous Man Mound BOOK EXCERPT A Nation within a Nation r-^gdby — CURIOUS TO LEARN MORE ABOUT YOUR COMMUNITY'S HISTORY? hether you are curious about your community's ist, how to preserve or share its history, or ways i meet and learn from others who share your terests, the Wisconsin Historical Society can -ielp. We offer a wide variety of services, resources, and networking opportunities to help you discover the unique place you call home. STA7 SATISFY YOUR CURIOSITY wiscons history. WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY V I WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY Division Administrator & State Historic Preservation Officer Michael E. Stevens Editorial Director Kathryn L. Borkowski Editor Jane M. de Broux Managing Editor Diane T. Drexler Research and Editorial Assistants Rachel Cordasco, Jesse J. Gant, Joel Heiman, Mike Nemer, John 2 Loyal Democrats Nondorf, John Zimm John Cudahy, Jim Farley, and the Designer Politics and Diplomacy of the Zucker Design New Deal Era, 1933-1941 THE WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY (ISSN 0043-6534), by Thomas Spencer published quarterly, is a benefit of full membership in the Wisconsin Historical Society. 16 A Spirit Striding Upon the Earth Full membership levels start at $45 for individuals and $65 for Wisconsin's Famous Man Mound institutions. To join or for more information, visit our Web site at wisconsinhistory.org/membership or contact the Membership by Amy Rosebrough Office at 888-748-7479 or e-mail [email protected]. The Wisconsin Magazine of History has been published quarterly 24 A Nation within a Nation since 1917 by the Wisconsin Historical Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Sys Online Store
    +91-8048372749 SYS ONLINE STORE https://www.indiamart.com/sysonlinestore/ Founded in the year 2019, SYS ONLINE STORE is one of the known organizations enormously indulged in Manufacturer, Retailer and Wholesale Trader an extensive series of Ladies Top, Ladies Shirt and much more. About Us Founded in the year 2019, SYS ONLINE STORE is one of the known organizations enormously indulged in Manufacturer, Retailer and Wholesale Trader an extensive series of Ladies Top, Ladies Shirt and much more. Our presented products are broadly employed in the market for their top features and nominal costs. Furthermore, in order to provide the best quality of products, these products are checked on varied quality parameters employing the advanced techniques. Moreover, we work under the command of our mentor Miss. Shakila Shah. Under his leadership, we have obtained a well-known position in the market. For more information, please visit https://www.indiamart.com/sysonlinestore/profile.html LADIES SHIRT O u r P r o d u c t s Ladies Check Casual Shirt Ladies Yellow Formal Shirt Ladies White Cotton Shirt Ladies Formal Shirt LADIES TOPS O u r P r o d u c t s Ladies Denim Dark Blue Top Ladies Party Wear Bell Sleeve Pink Top Ladies Party Wear Bell Sleeve Ladies Party Wear Purple Top Yellow Top LADIES JOGGER O u r P r o d u c t s Ladies Denim Jogger Ladies Light Blue Denim Jogger Ladies Light Blue Denim Ladies Dark Blue Denim Jogger Jogger LADIES JACKET O u r P r o d u c t s Ladies Sleeveless Dark Blue Ladies Sleeveless Denim Denim Jacket Jacket Ladies Full Sleeve
    [Show full text]
  • THE POLITICAL CAREER of JAMES A. FARLEY by .Eaplene Swind^Man a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT of HISTORY In
    The political career of James A. Farley Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Swindeman, Earlene, 1941- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 10:23:49 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/317993 THE POLITICAL CAREER OF JAMES A. FARLEY by .Eaplene Swind^man A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS . In The Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknow­ ledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the inter­ ests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, per­ mission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: y Herman Bateman V Dkte Professor of History ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author expresses foremost appreciation to her advisors Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Lion in Winter
    NESI 1 LION IN WINTER: EDWARD M. KENNEDY IN THE BUSH YEARS A STUDY IN SENATE LEADERSHIP BY Edward A. Nesi A Study Presented to the Faculty of Wheaton College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation with Departmental Honors in Political Science Norton, Massachusetts May 19, 2007 NESI 2 For mom who taught me the value of empathy and to value it in others NESI 3 Table of Contents I. Introduction 4 II. What Makes a Senate Leader? 13 III. No Child Left Behind: The Conciliatory Kennedy 53 IV. Iraq: The Oppositional Kennedy 95 V. Conclusion 176 Bibliography 186 NESI 4 I. Introduction “[I]n the arrogance of our conviction that we would have done better than he did in a single case, we exempt ourselves from any duty to pay attention to the many cases where he shows himself to be better than us.” 1 — Murray Kempton, New York Newsday , November 27, 1983 EDWARD MOORE KENNEDY AND I share the same first name; we also share the somewhat uncommon nickname of Ted for Edward. And for the first two decades of my life, that was roughly the extent of my knowledge about the man who has been my state’s senior senator for my entire life, all but seven years of my mother’s life, and more than half of my grandmother’s life. Kennedy has been a member of the Senate for so long (45 of his 75 years) that it seems he could have been born in the cloakroom, though he was actually born in Boston on February 22, 1932, the youngest child of Joseph Patrick and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 34, Number 2, 2012
    Kansas Preservation Volume 34, Number 2 • 2012 REAL PLACES. REAL STORIES. Historical Society Legislative Wrap-Up Historic preservation supporters spent much of the 2012 Kansas legislative Newsletter of the Cultural session advocating for the state historic preservation tax credit program amidst Resources Division Kansas Historical Society a vigorous debate over Kansas tax policy. On May 22 Governor Sam Brownback signed a comprehensive tax-cut bill that lowers personal income tax rates and eliminates state income taxes on the profits of limited liability companies, Volume 34 Number 2 subchapter S corporations, and sole proprietorships. Although the plan Contents eliminates many tax incentives, the historic tax credit program remains intact. 1 Regarding the Partnership Historic Sites donation tax credit program, there Kansas Preservation Alliance Awards was legislative support for continuing the program; however, it was not included 10 in the final bill. The program sunset in accordance with the existing statute on National Register Nominations June 30, 2012. 15 State Rehabilitation Tax Credit Read more: 18 Save the Date – Preservation Symposium kansas.com/2012/05/22/2344393/governor-signs-bill-for-massive. 19 html#storylink=cpy Project Archaeology Unit Find a copy of the bill: kslegislature.org/li/b2011_12/measures/documents/ hb2117_enrolled.pdf KANSAS PRESERVATION Correction Several sharp-eyed readers noticed the population figures listed in “A Tale of Two Published quarterly by the Kansas Historical Cities” article in the volume 34, number 1 2012 issue, mistakenly switched the Society, 6425 SW 6th Avenue, Topeka KS 66615-1099. figures for the African American population with those for all of Wichita. The Please send change of address information corrected figures for African Americans in Wichita are: page 14, 1880: 172 African to the above address or email Americans; 1890: 1,222; 1900: 1,289; 1950: 8,082.
    [Show full text]
  • Ten Propositions About Munich 1938 on the Fateful Event of Czech and European History – Without Legends and National Stereotypes
    Ten Propositions about Munich 1938 On the Fateful Event of Czech and European History – without Legends and National Stereotypes Vít Smetana The Munich conference of 29–30 September 1938, followed by forced cession of border regions of Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany and subsequently also to Poland and Hungary, is unquestionably one of the crucial milestones of Czech and Czecho- slovak history of the 20th century, but also an important moment in the history of global diplomacy, with long-term overlaps and echoes into international politics. In the Czech environment, round anniversaries of the dramatic events of 1938 repeatedly prompt emotional debates as to whether the nation should have put up armed resistance in the autumn of 1938. Such debates tend to be connected with strength comparisons of the Czechoslovak and German armies of the time, but also with considerations whether the “bent backbone of the nation” with all its impacts on the mental map of Europe and the Czech role in it was an acceptable price for saving an indeterminate number of human lives and preserving material assets and cultural and historical monuments and buildings all around the country. Last year’s 80th anniversary of the Munich Agreement was no exception. A change for the better was the attention that the media paid to the situation of post-Munich refugees from the border regions as well as to the fact that the Czechs rejected, immediately after Munich, humanist democracy and started building an authori- tarian state instead.1 The aim of this text is to deconstruct the most widespread 1 See, for example: ZÍDEK, Petr: Po Mnichovu začali Češi budovat diktaturu [The Czechs started building a dictatorship after Munich].
    [Show full text]