DOCSLIB.ORG

Nuclear Science, an Introductory Course. By- Sulcoskii John W

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nuclear Science, an Introductory Course. By- Sulcoskii John W REPORT RESUMES ED 018 401 SE 004 590 NUCLEAR SCIENCE, AN INTRODUCTORY COURSE. BY- SULCOSKII JOHN W. WILKES...BARRE CITY SCHOOLS, PA. PUB DATE $7 GRANT OEG.4...7.40349747413 EDRS PRICE MF -$0.50 HC -$3.31 SIP. DESCRIPTORS- *ATOMIC THEORY, *CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT, *CHEMISTRY' *CURRICULUM GUIDES, *LABORATORYSAFETY, *NUCLEAR PHYSICS, *PHYSICAL SCIENCES, *PHYSICS, *TEACHING GUIDES, AUDIOVISUAL AIDS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIOLOGY, CURRICULUM,FILMS, SCIENCE EQUIPMENT, SCIENCE MATERIALS, SCIENCE ACTIVITIES, SCIENCE FACILITIES, WILKES...BARRE CITY SCHOOLS, THIS CURRICULUM GUIDE DESCRIBES A TWELFTH -GRADE INTERDISCIPLINARY' INTRODUCTORY NUCLEAR SCIENCE COURSE. ITIS BELIEVED TO FILL THE NEED FOR AN ADVANCED COURSE THATIS TIMELY, CHALLENGING, AND APPROPRIATE AS ASEQUENTIAL ADDITION TO THE BIOLOGYCHEMISTRY.PHYSICS SEQUENCE. PRELIMINARY INFORMATION COVERS SUCH MATTERS AS (I) RADIOISOTOPE WORK AREAS,(2) NUCLEAR SCIENCE LABORATORY,(3) PURCHASING EQUIPMENT, (4) CONSTRUCTION AND MODIFICATION OF EQUIPMENT, (5) LICENSING AND LEGAL REQUIREMENTS, (B) STANDARDSFOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION, AND (7) THE SAFEUSE OF RADIOISOTOPES. THE SECOND PART OF THE DOCUMENT PRESENTSA SUGGESTED SYLLABUS FOR A ONE- SEMESTER COURSE IN NUCLEAR SCIENCE, AND INCLUDES (1.) CONTENT OUTLINE, (2) LEARNING EXPERIENCES AND LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS, (3) TEXTPTFERENCES, AND (4) AUDIOVISUAL AIDS (ANNOTATED FILM LISTS). SUPPLEMENTARY SECTIONS INCLUDE (I) NUCLEAR SCIENCEREFERENCE MATERIALS, (I) ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (AEC)PUBLICATIONS, (3) FILMSTRIPS PREPARED BY THE RADIATION SCIENCESEMINAR STAFF, (4) AEC FILM SERIES, (5) SIMPLE EXPERIMENTS FORHIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS USING THE CIVIL DEFENSE V -TOO GEIGER COUNTER, (B) AUTORADIOGRAPHY PROCESSING FORMULAS, (7) NUCLEAR EDUCATION EQUIPMENT, AND (S) NUCLEAR EQUIPMENT SUPPLIES. (OH) THIS DOCUMENT HAS IfEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE NUCLEASCIENCE anintroductoryPOSITIONSTATEDPERSON DOOR ON ORGANIZATIONr. POLICYidECESSARILY course ORIGINATING REPRESENT IT OITICIAlPOINTS OFFICE Of VIEW Of EDUCATION OR OPINIONS PREPARED BY THE STAFF VO RadiationWilkes-BarreTitle III ScienceCity ESEA Schools, ProjectSeminarGrantee V)*1.N9 I. 111.1=1. 1 $ I IP IsS a I s NUCLEARan introductory SCIENCE course RadiationJOHNPREPARED W. SULCOSKI,Science BY THE STAFF SeminarDirector TheWelfare.Grant work from Grant presented the U. No. S. OEGOffice or reported of 3-7-703497-3783Education, herein wasDept. performed ofProject Health, No. pursuantEducation 67-03497-0 toand a /WILKES-BARREWALTER C. WOOD, CITY SCHOOLS, Superintendent Grantee ROBERT FRENCH, Coordinator of Federal Programs 1 RADIATIONSCIENCE CONSULTANTSDr. Ralph T. Overman SEMINARStaff Dr.Chairman,Former Grafton Director, D.Department Chase Oakof Nuclear Ridgeof Radiochemistry Institute Studies Mr.Science JohnHighWilkes-Barre, Sulcoski, SchoolCoordinator, Director Pa. Coughlin Dr.PhiladelphiaDuquesneChairman, Mitchell University Department Borke College of BionucleonicsPharmacy & Science Mr.Science StephenSchoolBethlehem, Supervisor, District Rituper, Pa. SeniorBethlehem Lecturer Area LABORATORYMr.Coughlin Joseph INSTRUCTORS MoranHigh School, WilkesBarre, Pa. Mr.Science TamaquaH.Tamaqua, Bruce Supervisor Geiger,Area Pa. School Lecturer District, Mr.SisterSt. Thomas NicholasM. Cletus, G. Murray High S.C.C. School, WilkesBarre, Pa. Mr.(Phys. FrankScienceMeyers Sciences)Wilkes-Barre, Wempa, Coordiriaitor, High LaboratorySchool, Pa. Director Mr.MeyersScranton Frank HighJ. Public Rash School, Schools, WilkesBarre, Scranton, Pa.Pa. Mr.(Bio. WilliamChairmanScranton Sciences)Scranton, Murray, of Preparatory Science Pa. Lab. Department Director School, 2 Dr.Evaluation WilliamAdministrativeWm.Allentown, AllenSharkan, And HighWriting Assistant Pa. School, Coordinator TABLE OF CONTENTS NUCLEARPREFACE SCIENCE=01111MNIMINDIMMIMMIN=14N~INN.M.INIMMIMNIONPIMI=1111N. AND THE CURRICULUM -------------- 54 RADIATION1. LaboratorySAFETY techniques 15 NUCLEAR1. SCIENCERadioisotope IN THE workLABORATORY areas --- 6 2.3. DecontaminationWaste disposal 2.3. AdaptingDesigning existingnuclear laboratorieslaboratories NUCLEARSUGGESTED SCIENCE NUCLEAR TEXTS SCIENCE AND SYLLABUSLABORATORY----------- MANUALS -6719 5.4. PurchasingConstruction equipment and modification of equipment AUDIO-VISUALREFERENCE TEXTS AIDS------------------------------=WINMIN01m1MOMMINNNMNINIMM=N41100.N.OM6967 LICENSING AND LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 11 AUTORADIOGRAPHYSIMPLE EXPERIMENTS PROCESSING FOR HIGH FORMULASSCHOOL------------- -- ---- --7671 2.1. Specific-LicenseGeneral-License quantitiesquantities NUCLEAREQUIPMENTEDUCATION SUPPLIERSEQUIPMENT----------------------------------7978 3 PREFACE theSince New Mexicothe first desert atomic in 1945,explosion the atomshattered has never the stillnessbeen more overin the madepubliccations life eye. than easier theSince forunfortunates then, the worldthe radioisotope whopopulace lost their through has lives saved its in peacefulmore its livesmilitaryappli- and applications.In those twenty years, the applications of radioactivity nowFrom the electricaltouchtests, our few daily phenomenapower lives to thehave in radiation-gauged anyielded unheralded man so yet much.newsprint massiveYet manner. tothe the term thyroid "radio- soundotheractive" term.of stillthe word. Thestrikes misinformedThe terror most inandappalling the uninformed minds and of disappointing almostmen as quakeprobably atfact theno of program,Duringall is thethat the instructional thetemerity majority in handlingphaseof science of theradioactive teachers "Radiation fall materials Science into this wasSeminar" category.far greatercurriculumThe staffamong guide ofthe "Radiation willteachers help thanScienceerase the this Seminar"student fearful hopesparticipants. attitude that thisand promote 4 the educational use of radioisotopes in our schools. NuclearWithin Science the andpast the decade, Curriculum a noticeable trend metthatcourses when the ratherheneeds is exposedofthan the a studentspecializedto a wide will variety track, be far especiallyof greater survey Thischemistryschoolscoursein the sequence sequencenations'schoolsbiology at the leaves isdown10th, taught aone andscienceis grade, atthatphysics the elective of so9th movingatthat gradethe openin the11th. level,some inusual the havesoinception. early pursued in his this educational policy successfully career. Thesins' colleges their hasasChemistry,12th Biologybeen grade filled II,forAdvanced Chemistrythewith science-prone Chemistry,an assortmentII, Physics Science student. of II, courses,Seminar,OrganicThis suchgap ently Sciencedo (a)three coursesTeach basic basic tasks:on theconcepts high school level appar- amenabilityothersGreat Ideasdependent ofin theScience, solely local onAstronomy,administration. teacher interestPhysiology, and andthe (c)(b) MotivateTeach basic skills quence:for theA closercollege-preparatory7th grade look -at Introduction the typicalstudent to scienceshows Science this track se- studiesalmostfar lessEducational everyshow successful thattext psychology thein than introductoryfirst the studies twothird factors education factor.quoted are in Ainand recent reality other 8th grade - Earth(General Science Science) bearingoutshowedstudyfared a high-schoolquoted about thaton success successequallyin the preparation. in "Journalin college collegehigh schoolof chemistry; chemistryChemicalThe chemistryapproach Education"withstudent ofhador the with-little 11th10th9th grade - BiologyPhysicsChemistry nationalhighthe extremeschool alphabet scienceimportance programs courses. of thealso motivation serves to factorpoint upin 12th grade - Electiveistry II, (BiologyPhysics II)II, Chem- veysequence.threethe and12th Iffactors inter-disciplinary.a gradecourseThe without nuclearas in an nuclear elective,repeating science scienceThere courseitany would is partswere nowould fulfill moreofferedof bethe study sur- allin aanfoursomewhat specialized inter-disciplinary coursesNote based that areoffering. uponof survey the order surveysix courses, The ofsteps courseimportance inwhile thesequenceand the sequence,theand first lastlevel is is fundamental than the study of the nucleus. of difficulty -- one builds upon the other.We hold 5 RADIOISOTOPEAdaptingThe workExisting WORK areas AREASLaboratories in which radioisotopes will mindbeenteringconcernfledgling used fear sometimes probably theworkersof theportals radioisotope hasinare thisof itsof nuclear extremebasisfield. by inexperiments. workersconcern Thisthe back-of-theextreme justto astheout1131, precautionstheIf shoytschool Gaa, half-life P32) yeargiven areand to used inradioactivecommon-place tracer intermittently quantities, materials chemicals through- (suchthen withspecial(such Whenmicrocurie as work H2SO4,short area half-lifeKNO3,quantities or cautionetc.) and ofwill signs longthe be above half-lifewillsufficient. radioisotopes.be necessary radio-No taminationThisthoughtisotopes extra should are affectingthought used be givenconstantlyis the solely tobackground the becauseover choice the count of ofschool possible theof theworkyear, instru-con- area. more This student is preparing asample mentationinspilledordinarylocalize an experiment all andchemistrather over minimize thanisthedoes only lab, anycontamination.not 300 radiationsoindiscriminately cpma radioisotope and hazard. theIf backgroundthe leaveworker Justcount mercury as shouldratecount an THE IDEAL NUCLEARwith uranyl SCIENCE nitrate. LABORATORY areais 200 Ideally,should cpm, begood the in datatwocounting differentshould area not roomsand be sampleexpected. to minimizepreparation possible
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CNS Ionising Radiation Workshop Notes
    Ionising Radiation Workshop Page 1 of 82 Canadian Nuclear Society Ionising Radiation Workshop Be Aware of NORM CNS Team Bryan White Doug De La Matter Peter Lang Jeremy Whitlock First presented concurrently at: The Science Teachers’ Association of Ontario Annual Conference, Toronto; and The Alberta Teachers’ Association Science Council Conference, Calgary 2008 November 14 Revision 12 Presentation at: Association of Science Teachers Provincial Conference 2013 Halifax NS October 25th, 2013 Ionising Radiation Workshop Page 2 of 82 Revision History Revision 1: 2008-11-06 (Note revisions modify page numbers) Page Errata 10 Last paragraph: “…emit particles containing (only) two protons …” (add parentheses) 11 Table, Atomic No. 86, 1st radon mass number should be 220. 20 Insert section 3.4 Shielding – affects page numbers 24 1st paragraph: “…with the use of shielding absorbers.” (insert “shielding”) 26 1st paragraph: “… of consistent data can be time consuming.” (delete “it”) 32 List item 6, last sentence: “The container contents have an activity of about 5 kBq.” (emphasis on contents) 44 2nd paragraph, 4th sentence: “… surface exposure of 360 µSv to 8.8 mSv …” (µSv not mSv) 45 2nd paragraph, 2nd sentence: “ … radioactivity compared to thorium ore …” (delete “the”) 47 2nd paragraph: “Because the lens diameter is not much smaller …” (insert “not”) Revision 2: 2009-02-04 5 Deleted 2 pages re CNA website S 3.2 Discussion of radon decay and health hazard inserted 38 Experiment 3, Part I – results from a more extensive absorber experiment show that the alpha radiation scatters electrons from the foils with energy higher than the beta from the thorium decay chain 51 Appendix C (now D): Note added that more recent “non-divide-by-two” modules are also red in colour.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCUMENT Mute
    DOCUMENT mute ED 124 18 . 88 SE 019 612 TITLEN: Radioactivity .and Man iinicourse, Career Oriented Pre-Technical Physics* , INSTITUTI N Dallas Independent School District, Tex. SPONS AGE CY Bureauvof Ele*entary and Secondary tducat4.0n (D5 HEN/OE),-WashingtOn, D.C. -RUB DATE 7 For rilated 0, NOTE - 78p.; Drawings may not reproduce wel documens, see SE 018 322-333 and SE 019 605-616 , . 4 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$4.67 Plus Postag4. DESCRIPTOR Instructional Materialsi Physics; *Program Guides; *Radiation Effects; *Science Activities; Science .41 Careers; Science Education; *Science Materials; Secondary Zdution;.*Secondary School Science; Technical Educe ion IDENTIFIrRS Elementary Seco dart' VIAlcation ACt Title III; ESEA Title' III 07. 1 ABSTRACT .1j This instructional guide, intended for student use, develops the subject of radioactivity and can through a series. of sequential activities.. `A technical development of the subject is pursued with examples stressing practical aspects'of the concepts. Included in the minicourse are:, (1) the rationale,(2) terminal behavioral objectives, (3) enabling behavioral objectives,(4) activities,(5) resource ,packages, and (6) evaluation materials. The' * benefits as well as the dangers of radiometivity to Ian are considered.,This unit is one of twelve intended for use in.the second year of tv9 year vocationally oriented .physics. program. (CP) j t I J ***********************************************************************. * . Documents acquired by ERIC include many inforgal unpublished * materials not a40.1able.from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtiit the best copy available. Nevertheless,items of.marginel * *.reproducibility are often encountered and this-affects the quality * - *`of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * *.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORY Nuclear Medicine Begins with a Boa Constrictor
    HISTORY Nuclear Medicine Begins with a Boa Constrictor Marshal! Brucer J Nucl Med 19: 581-598, 1978 In the beginning, a boa constrictor defecated in and then analyzed the insoluble precipitate. Just as London and the subsequent development of nuclear he suspected, it was almost pure (90.16%) uric medicine was inevitable. It took a little time, but the acid. As a thorough scientist he also determined the 139-yr chain of cause and effect that followed was "proportional number" of 37.5 for urea. ("Propor­ inexorable (7). tional" or "equivalent" weight was the current termi­ One June week in 1815 an exotic animal exhibi­ nology for what we now call "atomic weight.") This tion was held on the Strand in London. A young 37.5 would be used by Friedrich Woehler in his "animal chemist" named William Prout (we would famous 1828 paper on the synthesis of urea. Thus now call him a clinical pathologist) attended this Prout, already the father of clinical pathology, be­ scientific event of the year. While he was viewing a came the grandfather of organic chemistry. boa constrictor recently captured in South America, [Prout was also the first man to use iodine (2 yr the animal defecated and Prout was amazed by what after its discovery in 1814) in the treatment of thy­ he saw. The physiological incident was common­ roid goiter. He considered his greatest success the place, but he was the only person alive who could discovery of muriatic acid, inorganic HC1, in human recognize the material. Just a year earlier he had gastric juice.
    [Show full text]
  • Uses of Isotopic Neutron Sources in Elemental Analysis Applications
    EG0600081 3rd Conference on Nuclear & Particle Physics (NUPPAC 01) 20 - 24 Oct., 2001 Cairo, Egypt USES OF ISOTOPIC NEUTRON SOURCES IN ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS A. M. Hassan Department of Reactor Physics Reactors Division, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority. Cairo-Egypt. ABSTRACT The extensive development and applications on the uses of isotopic neutron in the field of elemental analysis of complex samples are largely occurred within the past 30 years. Such sources are used extensively to measure instantaneously, simultaneously and nondestruclively, the major, minor and trace elements in different materials. The low residual activity, bulk sample analysis and high accuracy for short lived elements are improved. Also, the portable isotopic neutron sources, offer a wide range of industrial and field applications. In this talk, a review on the theoretical basis and design considerations of different facilities using several isotopic neutron sources for elemental analysis of different materials is given. INTRODUCTION In principle there are two ways to use neutrons for elemental and isotopic abundance analysis in samples. One is the neutron activation analysis which we call it the "off-line" where the neutron - induced radioactivity is observed after the end of irradiation. The other one we call it the "on-line" where the capture gamma-rays is observed during the neutron bombardment. Actually, the sequence of events occurring during the most common type of nuclear reaction used in this analysis namely the neutron capture or (n, gamma) reaction, is well known for the people working in this field. The neutron interacts with the target nucleus via a non-elastic collision, a compound nucleus forms in an excited state.
    [Show full text]
  • H*(10) Y Fluencias En Un Irradiador De Neutrones Con Una Fuente De Ra-Be
    ISSSD 2020 ONLINE _________________________________________________________________________________ H*(10) y fluencias en un irradiador de neutrones con una fuente de 226Ra-Be Bedher O. Vega-Cabrera1,*, Héctor René Vega-Carrillo2, Víctor M. Viera Castillo1, César J. Guevara Pillaca1, Patrizia E., Pereyra Anaya1 María E. López Herrera1, Daniel F. Palacios Fernández1 1Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Sección de Física. Av. Universitaria 1801, Apartado 1761, Lima – Perú. 2Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares, C. Ciprés 10, Fracc. La Peñuela, 98068 Zacatecas, Zac. México. * E-mail: [email protected] Resumen Un irradiador de neutrones es un moderador con una fuente isotópica que es usado para enseñanza, entrenamiento y actividades de investigación. Normalmente, el moderador tiene puertos de irradiación radial y/o axial. Con el fin de utilizar el irradiador de neutrones de forma segura y óptima, deben conocerse los niveles de dosis y el espectro de la fluencia de neutrones. En este trabajo se utilizaron métodos Monte Carlo para estimar las fluencias de neutrones en tres rangos de energías: térmicos, epitérmicos y rápidos en siete puertos de un irradiador de neutrones con una fuente 226Ra-Be. El irradiador revestido de plomo contiene parafina wax como medio moderador de neutrones y sus puertos están asignados a diferentes distancias de la fuente de neutrones. El equivalente de dosis ambiental, debido a los neutrones, se estimó a 100 cm lateralmente y a 10 cm por encima del irradiador de neutrones.
    [Show full text]
  • Compliance Investigation Report, Volume 1
    70-820 UNC RECOVERY SYSTEMS COMPLIANCE INVESTIGATION REPORT VOLTIJE 1 - REPORT DETAILS Rvec'd wf ltr dtd 8J14/64 _/| 1 THEATTACHED FILES ARE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE INFORMATION & REPORTS MANAGEMENT BRANCH. THEY HAVE BEEN CHARGED TO YOU FOR A LIMITED TIME PERIOD AND c MUST BE RETURNED TO THE RE- CORDS & ARCHIVES SERVICES SEC- TION P1-22 WHITE FLINT. PLEASE DO NOT SEND DOCUMENTS CHARGED 5 OUT THROUGH THE MAIL. REMOVAL CD OF ANY PAGE(S) FROM DOCUMENT co FOR REPRODUCTION MUST BE RE- o FERRED TO FILE PERSONNEL. COMPLI.ANCE INVESTIGATION REPORT- o~is~nbf Compliae R~egion I ((3 S.ubject? UNITE-.D NUCLEAR CORPORATION4 Scrp_.eovery Facpi jo~olR ver'Junc pRhode Islaind Licen8e N~o.' SNH-777 Type ""casec CrttqjjcaSy Iictde~t: C5. teSo~IvsLaio tul : 25, .4t Auut7 1964 INN I ws-gt~nTa:WalteR~ ezi Ra04t~on Lot~i~ I p~~t'~'. wzmi 4pop ~~.; * t~41i Iny) goei-qU - I Vlue r RepQ0t Deal 7 - d~gk TABLE OF CONTENTS I Reason for Investigation 3 Criticality Investigation (Browne) ....................Page 1 Criticality Investigation (Crocker) ....................Page 27 1 (with attachments) Evaluation of Health Physics Program (Bresson) ........ Page 36 Decontamination Procedures (Lorenz)... ........ .. ....Page 59 Environmental Surveys (Brandkamp)..................... Page 65 Inquiry on Film Badge Evaluation (Knapp) .............. Page 76 Vehicle Survey (Knapp) ............................... Page 81 I Activities at Rhode Island Hospital (Resner) .......... Page 86 ' Activities in Exposure Evaluations (1kesner) ........... Page 103 I_ I.. l REASON FOR INVESTIGATION Initial telephone notification that there had been a criticality accident at a United Nuclear Corporation plant at about 6 p.m. was reportedly made by Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiation Safety Training
    Radiation Safety Training …it concerns your health! 8/30/2006 Charlie Freeman, RSO Slide #1 SUNY Genseseo Atomic Structure Nucleus Orbiting Electrons – Contains Protons and – “Cloud” of orbiting Neutrons electrons surrounds nucleus – Cloud is relatively large – Small Size (~1E-14 m) (~1E-10 m) – Relatively Large Mass – Low mass – Extremely Large Density – Small amount of Stored – Large amount of Stored Energy Energy – Responsible for Chemical Bonds 8/30/2006 Charlie Freeman, RSO Slide #2 SUNY Genseseo Nomenclature • Element Designation A – “X” = Element Symbol X – “Z” = # protons in nucleus Z • “Atomic #” (each element has a unique Z, see periodic For Example table) 16 – “N” = # neutrons 8 O = O-16 = Oxygen 16 – Atomic mass # = “A” 17 • A = Z + N 8 O = O-17 = Oxygen 17 • Isotope: same Z, different N 197 and A 79 Au = Au-197 = Gold 197 8/30/2006 Charlie Freeman, RSO Slide #3 SUNY Genseseo Example: P-32 • 15 protons 32 • 17 neutrons P • A = 32 15 • Z =15 8/30/2006 Charlie Freeman, RSO Slide #4 SUNY Genseseo Ion • In an electrically neutral atom or molecule, the number of electrons equals the number of protons • Any atom or molecule with an imbalance in electrical charge is called an ion • Ions are chemically unstable, and will seek electrical neutrality by reacting with other atoms or molecules. 8/30/2006 Charlie Freeman, RSO Slide #5 SUNY Genseseo Radioactivity • Definition: A collection of unstable atoms that undergo spontaneous transformation that result in new elements. The degree of radioactivity is given by the number of decays that occur per unit time (decays per minute) • Units of measure: – Dpm, dps – Curie (Ci): 1 Ci = 3.7E10 dps – Bequerel (Bq): 1 Bq = 1dps 8/30/2006 Charlie Freeman, RSO Slide #6 SUNY Genseseo Half-Life & Decay Law • The activity of a sample of radioactive 225 200 atoms decreases over 175 150 time 125 100 75 Activity (Curies) • Half-life: how long it 50 25 takes for activity of 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 sample to decrease by Time (hours) a factor of ½.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study Guide by Cheryl Jakab
    © ATOM 2015 A STUDY GUIDE BY CHERYL JAKAB http://www.metromagazine.com.au ISBN: 978-1-74295-598-8 http://www.theeducationshop.com.au Suitability: Highly recommended for science, arts and humanities Integrated study in Year 10 most Uranium has an atomic weight of 238. • We call it Uranium 238 and this U238 is the most commonly found Uranium on Earth. • In the world of atomic physics, these 238 protons and neutrons combine to make a huge nucleus. Running By contrast, the element Carbon usually has 12 time: protons and neutrons. This is why Uranium is often 3 x 51 mins described as a heavy element. approx • It’s this massive size of the nucleus at the centre of the Uranium atom that is the source of the strange energy first noticed by physicists at the turn of the 20th Century. We call it radiation. The great power that is • The central nucleus of the uranium atom struggles to hold itself together. We say it’s unstable. Uranium unleashed in ‘waking the spits out pieces of itself. Actual pieces, clumps of protons and neutrons and electrons and high energy dragon’ also involves great rays. This is radiation. risks. What are the costs and • When Uranium spits out this energy it changes it’s atomic weight. It goes from an atom with 238 the benefits of uranium? protons and neutrons at its centre, to an atom with a different number. » INTRODUCTION CONTENTS HYPERLINKS. CLICK ON ARROWS The year 2015 marks the seventieth anniversary of the most profound change in the history of human enterprise 3 The series at a glance on Earth: the unleashing of the elemental force within ura- nium, the explosion of an atomic bomb, the unleashing of 4 Overview of curriculum and education suitability the dragon.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Radiological Or Nuclear Incidents
    Major Radiological or Nuclear Incidents: Potential Health and Medical Implications July 2018 This ASPR TRACIE document provides an overview of the potential health and medical response and recovery needs following a radiological or nuclear incident and outlines available resources for planners. The list of considerations is not exhaustive, but does reflect an environmental scan of publications and resources available on past incident response, numerous exercises, local and regional preparedness planning, and significant research on the subject. Those leading preparedness efforts for, or response and recovery from, a radiological or nuclear incident may use this document as a reference, while focusing on the assessments and issues specific to their communities and unmet needs as they are recognized. It is important to note, however, that entities engaged in planning for or responding to radiological incidents should consult with the radiation protection authorities in their state in addition to federal resources. Most states and local jurisdictions have existing plans for responding to radiological incidents and these plans can provide local information for health and medical providers. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Radiation Emergency Medical Management (REMM) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Radiation Emergencies sites provide guidance for healthcare providers, primarily physicians, about clinical diagnosis and treatment of radiation injury and response issues during radiological and nuclear
    [Show full text]
  • Radiological Information
    RADIOLOGICAL INFORMATION Frequently Asked Questions Radiation Information A. Radiation Basics 1. What is radiation? Radiation is a form of energy. It is all around us. It is a type of energy in the form of particles or electromagnetic rays that are given off by atoms. The type of radiation we are concerned with, during radiation incidents, is “ionizing radiation”. Radiation is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and invisible. 2. What is radioactivity? It is the process of emission of radiation from a material. 3. What is ionizing radiation? It is a type of radiation that has enough energy to break chemical bonds (knocking out electrons). 4. What is non-ionizing radiation? Non-ionizing radiation is a type of radiation that has a long wavelength. Long wavelength radiations do not have enough energy to "ionize" materials (knock out electrons). Some types of non-ionizing radiation sources include radio waves, microwaves produced by cellular phones, microwaves from microwave ovens and radiation given off by television sets. 5. What types of ionizing radiation are there? Three different kinds of ionizing radiation are emitted from radioactive materials: alpha (helium nuclei); beta (usually electrons); x-rays; and gamma (high energy, short wave length light). • Alpha particles stop in a few inches of air, or a thin sheet of cloth or even paper. Alpha emitting materials pose serious health dangers primarily if they are inhaled. • Beta particles are easily stopped by aluminum foil or human skin. Unless Beta particles are ingested or inhaled they usually pose little danger to people. • Gamma photons/rays and x-rays are very penetrating.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Training Manual on Radioimmunoassay in Animal Reproduction
    TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No. 233 Laboratory Training Manual on Radioimmunoassay in Animal Reproduction JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF ISOTOPE AND RADIATION APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ENERGY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1984 LABORATORY TRAINING MANUAL ON RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IN ANIMAL REPRODUCTION TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No.233 LABORATORY TRAINING MANUAL ON RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IN ANIMAL REPRODUCTION A JOINT UNDERTAKING BY THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 1984 LABORATORY TRAINING MANUAL ON RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IN ANIMAL REPRODUCTION IAEA, VIENNA, 1984 STI/DOC/10/233 ISBN 92-0-115084-9 © IAEA, 1984 Permission to reproduce or translate the information contained in this publication may be obtained by writing to the International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Printed by the IAEA in Austria January 1984 FOREWORD Since the development of the radioligand assay some twenty years ago the whole field of endocrinology in both humans and animals has been revolutionized. The ability to measure the extremely low quantities of hormones that exist in blood and tissues has increased our knowledge of the reproductive function in domestic animals to an enormous extent, and is now coming to be used at the farm level. Reproduction must always be regarded as one of the major limiting factors in animal production and many of the modern methods for improving reproduc- tion rely heavily on the ability to measure hormone levels in blood and milk. This has produced a world-wide demand for laboratory facilities to carry out hormone assays and the need for specialist training to allow these assays to be undertaken.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCUMENT RESUME ED 071 911 SE 015 548 TITLE Project Physics
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 071 911 SE 015 548 TITLE Project Physics Teacher Guide 6, The Nucleus. INSTITUTION Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. Harvard Project Physics. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW) Washington, D.C. Bureau of Research. BUREAU NO BR-5-1038 PUB DATE 68 CONTRACT OEC-5-10-058 NOTE 235p.; Authorized Interim Version EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-S9.87 DESCRIPTORS Instructional Materials; *Multimedia Instruction; *Nuclear Physics; Physics; *Radiation; Science Activities; Secondary Grades; *Secondary School Science; *Teaching Glides; Teaching Procedures IDENTIFIERS Harvard Project Physics ABSTRACT Teaching procedures of Project Physics Unit 6are presented to help teachers make effectiveuse of learning materials. Unit contents are discussed in connection withteaching aid lists, multi-media schedules, schedule blocks, andresource charts. Brief summaries are made for transparencies, 16mm films, and reader articles. Included is information about the backgroundand development of each unit chapter, procedures in demonstrations, apparatus operations, notes on the student handbook, andan explanation of film loops. Additional articlesare concerned with objects dated by radiocarbon, radiation safety, propertiesof radiations, radioactive sources, radioactivity determinationby electroscopes, and radiation detecting devices.Scalers, counters, Geiger tubes, and cadmium selenide photocellsare analyzed; and a bibliography of references is given, Solutionsto the study guide are provided in detail, and answers to test itemsare suggested. The sixth unit of the text, with marginal commentson each section, is also compiled in the manual. The work of Harvard ProjectPhysics has . been financially supported by: the Carnegie Corporation ofNew York, the Ford Foundation, the National Science Foundation,the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the United States office of Education,and Harvard University.
    [Show full text]