Islam MONGOLS

KEY CONCEPT 3.2: CONTINUITY & INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS & THEIR INTERACTIONS

TWO GROUPS DOMINATE THE POLITICS OF THIS ERA

661-1258 CE 1206-1368 CE

ONGOLS MThe Pastoral people of Central Islamicslam expansion Asia created the largest empire in the Iintroduced a new concept- The history of the planet that integrated both CALIPHATE. pastoral & agrarian people.

. CALIPHATE (“Dominion of the Caliph/Successor”) . The State Form to focus on for the Mongols is the KHANATE. o New form of government that took hold across North Africa, and West Asia. o Four Khanates o Led by a succession of Caliphs until 1258 . Golden Horde (Russia/Eastern Europe) . Islamic groups that you NEED TO KNOW: . Khanate of the Great Khan (China/East Asia) o Abbasids, Delhi Sultanate, Muslim Iberia (Al-Andalus) . Chagatai (Central Asia) . As the Islamic Arabs spread their dominance, they took on a great many . Ilkhanate (Middle East/Persia/The Illest Khanate of them all) PERSIAN influences o Each began as an administrative unit ruled by a descendent of Genghis “The Persians ruled for a thousand years and did not need us Arabs even for a day. We have been Khan (usually children/grandchildren) ruling them for one or two centuries and cannot do without them for an hour” . After his death, they fought/became independent . Ultimately, it was Islamic growth that led to the European Crusades . “Pax Mongolica” . Key cultural transfer: ABBASIDS with TANG CHINA Era of peace controlled by the Mongol Empire . ** There is much more to know here, but the above are listed in the Curricula o . Transcontinental trade that reconstituted the old Silk Road . Disease/Goods/Animals/Spices/Paper/Gunpowder/Banking/Printing

OTHER MAJOR S TATES “DEMONSTRATE REMARKABLE CONTINUITY, INNOVATION & DIVERSITY”

BYZANTINE CHINA 330-1450 CE 589-1279 CE Italian City-States Americas

. Eastern Rome . THREE Dynasties . New gov’t that replaced the Old Roman Empire . State systems . Byzantine people o SUI DYNASTY . Venice, Milan, Genoa, Verona, etc. expanded in scope refer to it as the . Reunited and strength . Dominated Mediterranean trade Roman Empire . Grand Canal . Similar to Afro-Eur. . Person to Know: o TANG DYNASTY . Key trade between Europe and Asia . MAYA o Justinian . High Point of . Later traded with Ottoman Empire Chinese Civiliz. City States . Briefly rebuilt o . Silk Road . AZTEC the Roman . Tribute Empire to old o Empire based in . Buddhist/Confuc. Central Mexico borders . Cultural Feudal Europe “Mexica” . Justinian Code Influence over Feudal Japan o . INCA . Administrative Japan, Korea . Decentralized . Mirrored Europe System . Printing o Andes Mountains . Local feudal lords . Daimyo=Lord around Peru Divine, Absolute o SONG DYNASTY o gained fealty over Emperor . Paper Money . Samurai=Knights o Road System . Gunpowder local people o Inheritance System o Elaborate Bureaucr. . Conquered by the . Highlight: o Quipu o Christian Empire MONGOLS . Charlemagne