My Final Quiz Score: ______Through Farming

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

My Final Quiz Score: ______Through Farming Timeline 762 AD – The decision to build a great city in Baghdad made. 768 AD – The ‘round city’ finished. 800 AD – The city becomes the largest city in the world. 810 AD – Baghdad becomes a hub for learning and com- merce, great scientific and maths advances made. 900 AD – Paper spreads into the region from China. 930 AD – Cordoba (Spain) overtakes Baghdad as world’s larg- Abbasid Caliphate est city. 950 AD – The decline of the Abbasid caliphate begins and The Abbasid Caliphate, which ruled the Muslim world from their capital, Baghdad was the third of the Islam- continues until the 13th century. ic Caliphates. House of Wisdom 1258 AD – Baghdad destroyed by Mongols. They ruled as caliphs from 750 to 1258 A.D, after hav- REMEMBER THE ANGLO-SAXONS AND VIKING ERA WAS TAK- ing overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid The famous library known as the House of Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH). Wisdom was located within its grounds. ING PLACE THE SAME TIME! Harun al-Rashid was the fifth ruler of the Abbasid People came from all over the world to learn in caliphate. His reign was considered to be the golden Baghdad. One of the places where people went to age of Islam. learn was called the House of Wisdom. This was a huge library. Baghdad In AD 900 Baghdad had the largest collection of The round city of Baghdad is the original core books in the world. Thousands were destroyed when of Baghdad, built by the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur in the Mongols threw them into the Tigris River. AD 762–767 as the official residence of the Abbasid court. The city walls were thick to help defend the people inside the city. In the centre of the city was a Fall of the Abbasids mosque and a palace. The early 1200s saw the rise of the Mongol Empire Around the outside of the city were markets and in Eastern Asia. The Mongols conquered China and homes. Four avenues of trees spanned out from the then began their march west to the Middle East. centre of the city stretching to each of the four city gates so that people could enter the city from which- In 1258, the Mongols arrived at Baghdad, the capital ever direction they were travelling in. city of the Abbasid Caliphate. The Caliph at the time Year 5—Spring Term 1 believed that Baghdad could not be conquered and Baghdad was on the built on the fertile banks of River refused to meet the Mongols' demands. 100% Sheet Tigris. This location was ideal because lots of trade routes crossed nearby and the fertile land meant that The leader of the Mongols, Hulagu Khan, then set Name: _____________________________ siege to the city. In less than two weeks Baghdad the surrounding area could produce lots of food My Final Quiz Score: _________________ through farming. People came to Baghdad buy and sell had surrendered and the Caliph was put to death. things and also to study. ink? with black run have to said were waters its that Tigris River the into scripts destroyed the city they threw so many manu- many so threw they city the destroyed Mongols the when know you Did.
Recommended publications
  • Queen Buran Podcast Outline
    Queen Buran Podcast Outline Episode outline and show notes for episode 295, titled Queen Buran, Astrologer in 9th Century Baghdad, with Chris Brennan and guest Ali A. Olomi. https://theastrologypodcast.com/2021/03/12/queen-buran-astrologer-in-9th-century-baghdad/ Episode released on March 12, 2021. Most of what follows represents Chris’ outline for the episode that he wrote in preparation for the interview, integrated with some comments and changes from Ali. Outline Introduction ● Recorded on Wednesday, March 10, 2021, starting at 9:07 AM in Denver. ● This is the 295th episode of the show. ● Today I’m going to be talking with Ali A. Olomi ● Our topic is Buran of Baghdad, who lived in the 9th century. ○ She was a queen during the early Islamic Golden Age ○ Married to one of the great caliphs, al-Ma’mun. ○ She is the first woman we know of by name to have practiced astrology. Introduce Ali and talk about his work ● Ali is a Historian of Middle East & Islam ○ Focuses on politics, gender, Islamic esotericism, astrology, folklore. ● Host of the Head on History Podcast, which is available on Patreon: ○ Posts on jinn, magic, and astrology ○ https://www.patreon.com/headonhistory ● Twitter: https://twitter.com/aaolomi Background on Early Women in Astrology ● Background about previous work on women in ancient astrology. ● I have a small section on this in my book titled Hellenistic Astrology. ○ Also talked about it in episode 86 while I was writing the book. ● Women were not typically afforded the same education as men in ancient times. ● As a result we don’t know the names of any ancient women who did astrology.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization (JITC)
    Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization (JITC) Volume 7, Issue 1, Spring 2017 ISSN: 2075-0943, eISSN: 2520-0313 Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc Issue DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.71 Homepage: https://www.umt.edu.pk/jitc/home.aspx Journal QR Code: Article: Conceptual Framework of an Ideal Muslim Indexing Partners Capital: Comparison between Early Muslim Capital of Baghdad and Islamabad Author(s): Faiqa Khilat Fariha Tariq Online Pub: Spring 2017 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.71.05 Article QR Code: Khilat, Faiqa, and Fariha Tariq. “Conceptual framework To cite this of an ideal Muslim capital: Comparison between article: early Muslim capital of Baghdad and Islamabad.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 7, no. 1 (2017): 71–88. Crossref This article is open access and is distributed under the terms of Copyright Creative Commons Attribution – Share Alike 4.0 International Information License A publication of the Department of Islamic Thought and Civilization School of Social Science and Humanities University of Management and Technology Lahore Conceptual Framework of an Ideal Muslim Capital: Comparison between Early Muslim Capital of Baghdad and Islamabad Faiqa Khilat School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan Fariha Tariq School of Architecture and Planning, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract According to Islamic teaching the Muslim capital city should incorporate fundamental elements of socio- economic enrichment and also a hospitable glance for its visitors. Various cities in the history of Islamic world performed as administrative capitals such as Medina, Damascus, Kufa, Baghdad, Isfahan, Mash’had etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Empires in East Asia
    DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=NL-C Module 3 Empires in East Asia Essential Question In general, was China helpful or harmful to the development of neighboring empires and kingdoms? About the Photo: Angkor Wat was built in In this module you will learn how the cultures of East Asia influenced one the 1100s in the Khmer Empire, in what is another, as belief systems and ideas spread through both peaceful and now Cambodia. This enormous temple was violent means. dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu. What You Will Learn … Explore ONLINE! Lesson 1: Tang and Song China . 80 The Big Idea During the Tang and Song dynasties, China experienced VIDEOS, including... an era of prosperity and technological innovation. • A Mongol Empire in China Lesson 2: The Mongols . 90 • Ancient Discoveries: Chinese Warfare The Big Idea The Mongols, a nomadic people from the steppe, • Ancient China: Masters of the Wind conquered settled societies across much of Asia and established the and Waves Yuan Dynasty to rule China. • Marco Polo: Journey to the East Lesson 3: Korean Dynasties . 100 The Big Idea The Koreans adapted Chinese culture to fi t their own • Rise of the Samurai Class needs but maintained a distinct way of life. • How the Vietnamese Defeated Lesson 4: Feudal Powers in Japan. 104 the Mongols The Big Idea Japanese civilization was shaped by cultural borrowing • Lost Spirits of Cambodia from China and the rise of feudalism and military rulers. Lesson 5: Kingdoms of Southeast Asia . 110 The Big Idea Several smaller kingdoms prospered in Southeast Asia, Document-Based Investigations a region culturally infl uenced by China and India.
    [Show full text]
  • Protagonist of Qubilai Khan's Unsuccessful
    BUQA CHĪNGSĀNG: PROTAGONIST OF QUBILAI KHAN’S UNSUCCESSFUL COUP ATTEMPT AGAINST THE HÜLEGÜID DYNASTY MUSTAFA UYAR* It is generally accepted that the dissolution of the Mongol Empire began in 1259, following the death of Möngke the Great Khan (1251–59)1. Fierce conflicts were to arise between the khan candidates for the empty throne of the Great Khanate. Qubilai (1260–94), the brother of Möngke in China, was declared Great Khan on 5 May 1260 in the emergency qurultai assembled in K’ai-p’ing, which is quite far from Qara-Qorum, the principal capital of Mongolia2. This event started the conflicts within the Mongolian Khanate. The first person to object to the election of the Great Khan was his younger brother Ariq Böke (1259–64), another son of Qubilai’s mother Sorqoqtani Beki. Being Möngke’s brother, just as Qubilai was, he saw himself as the real owner of the Great Khanate, since he was the ruler of Qara-Qorum, the main capital of the Mongol Khanate. Shortly after Qubilai was declared Khan, Ariq Böke was also declared Great Khan in June of the same year3. Now something unprecedented happened: there were two competing Great Khans present in the Mongol Empire, and both received support from different parts of the family of the empire. The four Mongol khanates, which should theo- retically have owed obedience to the Great Khan, began to act completely in their own interests: the Khan of the Golden Horde, Barka (1257–66) supported Böke. * Assoc. Prof., Ankara University, Faculty of Languages, History and Geography, Department of History, Ankara/TURKEY, [email protected] 1 For further information on the dissolution of the Mongol Empire, see D.
    [Show full text]
  • Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate of Iran
    OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi POWER, POLITICS, AND TRADITION IN THE MONGOL EMPIRE AND THE ĪlkhānaTE OF IRAN OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran MICHAEL HOPE 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6D P, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Michael Hope 2016 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2016 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2016932271 ISBN 978–0–19–876859–3 Printed in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only.
    [Show full text]
  • Il-Khanate Empire
    1 Il-Khanate Empire 1250s, after the new Great Khan, Möngke (r.1251–1259), sent his brother Hülegü to MICHAL BIRAN expand Mongol territories into western Asia, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel primarily against the Assassins, an extreme Isma‘ilite-Shi‘ite sect specializing in political The Il-Khanate was a Mongol state that ruled murder, and the Abbasid Caliphate. Hülegü in Western Asia c.1256–1335. It was known left Mongolia in 1253. In 1256, he defeated to the Mongols as ulus Hülegü, the people the Assassins at Alamut, next to the Caspian or state of Hülegü (1218–1265), the dynasty’s Sea, adding to his retinue Nasir al-Din al- founder and grandson of Chinggis Khan Tusi, one of the greatest polymaths of the (Genghis Khan). Centered in Iran and Muslim world, who became his astrologer Azerbaijan but ruling also over Iraq, Turkme- and trusted advisor. In 1258, with the help nistan, and parts of Afghanistan, Anatolia, of various Mongol tributaries, including and the southern Caucasus (Georgia, many Muslims, he brutally conquered Bagh- Armenia), the Il-Khanate was a highly cos- dad, eliminating the Abbasid Caliphate that mopolitan empire that had close connections had nominally led the Muslim world for more with China and Western Europe. It also had a than 500 years (750–1258). Hülegü continued composite administration and legacy that into Syria, but withdrew most of his troops combined Mongol, Iranian, and Muslim after hearing of Möngke’s death (1259). The elements, and produced some outstanding defeat of the remnants of his troops by the cultural achievements.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Date 04/10/2021 06:40:30
    Mamluk cavalry practices: Evolution and influence Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Nettles, Isolde Betty Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 06:40:30 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289748 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this roproduction is dependent upon the quaiity of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that tfie author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g.. maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal secttons with small overlaps. Photograpiis included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6' x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrattons appearing in this copy for an additk)nal charge.
    [Show full text]
  • House of Wisdom
    House of Wisdom ,romanized: Bayt al-Ḥikmah), alsoبيت الحكمة :The House of Wisdom (Arabic known as the Grand Library of Baghdad, refers to either a major Abbasid public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad or to a large private library belonging to the Abbasid Caliphs during the Islamic Golden Age.[1][2] The House of Wisdom is the subject of an active dispute over its functions and existence as a formal academy, an issue complicated by a lack of physical evidence following the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate and a reliance on corroboration of literary sources to construct a narrative. The House of Wisdom was founded either as a library for the collections of the Caliph Harun al-Rashid in the late 8th century (then later turned into a public academy during the reign of Al-Ma'mun) or was a private collection created by Al-Mansur (reign 754–775) to house rare books and collections of poetry in both Arabic and Persian.[1][3] The House of Wisdom and its contents were destroyed in the Siege of Baghdad in 1258, leaving very little in the way of archaeological evidence for the House of Wisdom, such that most knowledge about it is derived from the works of contemporary scholars of the era such as Al-Tabari and Ibn al-Nadim. The House of Wisdom existed as a part of the major Translation Movement taking place during the Abbasid Era, translating works from Greek and Syriac to Arabic, but it is unlikely that the House of Wisdom existed as the sole center of such work, as major translation efforts arose in Cairo and Damascus even earlier than
    [Show full text]
  • The Golden Age of Islamic Achievement a Five-Part Social Studies Unit for Middle School
    The Golden Age of Islamic Achievement a five-part social studies unit for middle school Created by the Middle East Studies Center at Portland State University Written by: Courtney Ferrari, Sarah Segal, Elisheva Cohen The Golden Age of Islamic Achievement a five-part social studies unit for middle school Created by the Middle East Studies Center at Portland State University Lessons: 1. History of the Abbasid and Umayyad Dynasties 2. Geography of Islamic Expansion 3. Cities of Baghdad and Cordoba 4. House of Wisdom—scholarship in the Abbasid Dynasty 5. Scholarship, Art and Architecture in Muslim Spain Unit goal: Students will understand the role of Islamic civilization in the medieval world: its geographic and historical context, its achievements, scope and impact. Curriculum framing questions for the unit: Lesson 1: ‹ What events constitute the Abbasid and Umayyad Golden Ages? ‹ How are events in distant empires related? ‹ When and how did the empires begin and end? ‹ What events constitute the Golden Age of Islamic empires? Lesson 2: ‹ What was the geographic extent of the dynasties that made up the Islamic Golden Age? ‹ How were these societies shaped by the physical geography of their empires? Lesson 3: ‹ How are events in distant empires related? ‹ In what ways were the achievements of the Abbasid and Umayyad dynasties similar? In what ways were they different? ‹ Where did the Golden Age take place and how did geography affect its character? Lesson 4: ‹ What was the House of Wisdom and why was it important? ‹ Why did Caliph al-Ma’mun create the House of Wisdom and why did he choose Baghdad for its location? Lesson 5: ‹ What can objects tell us about the people who made them? ‹ In what ways were the achievements of the Abbasid and Umayyad dynasties similar? In what ways were they different? ‹ How did the achievements of these dynasties influence the world around them? Golden Age of Islamic Achievement: Overview 2 Learning objectives for the unit: Lesson 1: ‹ Students will be able to construct a proportional, parallel timeline to compare political units.
    [Show full text]
  • The Khitans: Corner Stone of the Mongol Empire
    ACTA VIA SERICA Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2021: 141–164 doi: 10.22679/avs.2021.6.1.006 The Khitans: Corner Stone of the Mongol Empire GEORGE LANE* The Khitans were a Turco-Mongol clan who dominated China north of the Yangtze River during the early mediaeval period. They adopted and then adapted many of the cultural traditions of their powerful neighbours to the south, the Song Chinese. However, before their absorption into the Mongol Empire in the late 13th century they proved pivotal, firstly in the eastward expansion of the armies of Chinggis Khan, secondly, in the survival of the Persian heartlands after the Mongol invasions of the 1220s and thirdly, in the revival and integration of the polity of Iran into the Chinggisid Empire. Da Liao, the Khitans, the Qara Khitai, names which have served this clan well, strengthened and invigorated the hosts which harboured them. The Liao willingly assimilated into the Chinggisid Empire of whose formation they had been an integral agent and in doing so they also surrendered their identity but not their history. Recent scholarship is now unearthing and recognising their proud legacy and distinct identity. Michal Biran placed the Khitans irrevocably and centrally in mediaeval Asian history and this study emphasises their role in the establishment of the Mongol Empire. Keywords: Khitans, Liao, Chinggids, Mongols, Ilkhanate * Dr. GEORGE LANE is a Research Associate at the School of History, Religion & Philosophy, SOAS University of London. 142 Acta Via Serica, Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2021 The Khitans: Corner Stone of the Mongol Empire The Turco-Mongol tribe that first settled the lands of northern China, north of the Huai River and adopted and adapted the cultural traditions of their domineering neighbour to the south, has only recently been acknowledged for their importance to the evolution of mediaeval Asian history, due in large part to the work of Michal Biran of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
    [Show full text]
  • The Scenography of Power in Al-Andalus and the ʿabbasid
    Medieval Medieval Encounters 24 (2018) 390–434 Jewish, Christian and Muslim Culture Encounters in Confluence and Dialogue brill.com/me The Scenography of Power in Al-Andalus and the ʿAbbasid and Byzantine Ceremonials: Christian Ambassadorial Receptions in the Court of Cordoba in a Comparative Perspective Elsa Cardoso Researcher of the Centre for History, University of Lisbon Faculty of Arts of the University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade 1600 Lisbon, Portugal [email protected] Abstract This essay considers ceremonial features represented during Christian diplomatic re- ceptions held at the court of Cordoba, under the rule of Caliphs ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III (912‒961) and al-Ḥakam II (961‒976), in a comparative perspective. The declaration of the Umayyad Caliphate of the West by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III marked the institution- alization of a carefully elaborated court ceremonial, reaching its greatest develop- ment under the rule of al-Ḥakam II. Detailed official ambassadorial ceremonies will be addressed, such as receptions of ambassadors from Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, and King Otto I, or the reception and submission of Ordoño IV, deposed king of Leon, accounted by both Muslim and Christian sources. Such cer- emonies will be compared with ʿAbbasid and Byzantine similar receptions, analyzing furthermore the origin and symbology of those rituals within the framework of diplo- matic and cultural exchanges and encounters. Keywords Al-Andalus ‒ Umayyads of Cordoba ‒ ceremonial ‒ diplomacy ‒ Madīna al-Zahrāʾ ‒ ʿAbbasids ‒ Byzantium
    [Show full text]
  • Sinan and the Competitive Discourse of Earlymodern Islamic Architecture
    GULRU NECIPOGLU CHALLENGING THE PAST: SINAN AND THE COMPETITIVE DISCOURSE OF EARLYMODERN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE Oleg Grabar compared architecture in the formative pe­ As Spiro Kostof noted, "The very first monument of the riod of Islam, with its novel synthesis of Byzantine and new faith, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, was a pat­ Sasanian elements, to "a sort ofgraft on other living enti­ ently competitive enterprise" that constituted a conspic­ ties." "The Muslim world," he wrote, "did not inherit uous violation of the Prophet's strictures against costly exhausted traditions, but dynamic ones, in which fresh buildings. The Dome of the Rock and other Umayyad interpretations and new experiments coexisted with old imperial projects not only challenged the modest archi­ ways and ancient styles."I In this study dedicated to him I tecture of the early caliphs stationed in Medina, but at would like to show that a similar process continued to the same time invited a contest with the Byzantine archi­ inform the dynamics oflater Islamic architecture whose tectural heritage of Syria, the center of Umayyad power. history in the early-modern era was far from being a rep­ A well-known passage by the tenrh-century author etition of preestablished patterns constituting a mono­ Muqaddasi identifies the competition with Byzantine lithic tradition with fixed horizons. The "formation" of architecture, a living tradition associated with the great­ Islamic architecture(s) was a process that never stopped. est rival of the Umayyads, as the central motive behind Its parameters were continually redefined according to the ambitious building programs ofcAbd ai-Malik (685­ the shifting power centers and emergent identities of 705) and al Walid 1(705-15):3 successive dynasties who formulated distinctive architec­ tural idioms accompanied by recognizable decorative The Caliph al-Walid beheld Syria to be a country that had modes.
    [Show full text]