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CIS Newsletter 15.2
CENTER FOR IRANIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Vol. 15, No. 2 SIPA-Columbia University-New York Fall 2003 ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA SHIRIN EBADI WINNER OF Fascicles 1 and 2 of Volume XII Published; Fascicle 3 in Press 2003 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE The first and second fascicles way in which Hedayat’s satire per- of Volume XII of the Encyclopædia meates many of his short stories. Iranica were published in the Sum- Hillmann reviews plots and themes mer and Fall of 2003. They fea- of Hedayat’s fiction, some fifty or ture over 120 articles on various as- more works written from the mid- pects of Iranian culture and history, in- 1920s through the mid-1940s, and cites cluding four series of articles on spe- features of Hedayat’s distinctive ways cific subjects: four entries on Sadeq of narration which advanced the capa- Hedayat, four entries on Hazara groups bilities of the language in Persian lit- in Afghanistan, four entries on Helmand erature and served as an indigenous River, and eight entries on Herat. model for later Iranian short story writ- ers and novelists. Shirin Ebadi, lawyer and human SADEQ HEDAYAT rights activist who contributed the en- AND PERSIAN LITERATURE Persian literature is also treated in try CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN IRAN to the the following eight articles: HASAN Encyclopædia Iranica and whose book Four articles discuss the life and GHAZNAVI, poet at the court of History and Documentation of Human work of Sadeq Hedayat, the foremost Bahramshah Ghaznavi, by J. S. Rights in Iran was published by the modern Persian fiction writer who had Meisami; HATEF ESFAHANI, influential Center for Iranian Studies in 2000, was a vast influence on subsequent genera- poet of 18th century, by the late Z. -
Obituary: Nora Elizabeth Mary Boyce
Bulletin of SOAS, 70, 1 (2007), 143–149. E School of Oriental and African Studies. Printed in the United Kingdom. Obituary: Nora Elizabeth Mary Boyce Almut Hintze Professor Nora Elizabeth Mary Boyce, who died on 4 April 2006, aged 85, was a leading authority on Zoroastrianism, the pre-Islamic religion of Iran. Born on 2 August 1920 in Darjeeling, India, she was educated in England first at Wimbledon High School and Cheltenham Ladies’s College, and then went up to Newnham College, Cambridge. There she read English for Part I of the Tripos before switching to Archaeology and Anthropology for Part II. She graduated with a double first in 1943. During the Second World War, while carrying out war work in villages near the city, she started to learn Persian with Professor V. Minorsky of SOAS (which had been evacuated from London to Cambridge during the hostilities). In 1944 she was appointed Assistant Lecturer in Anglo-Saxon Literature and Archaeology at Royal Holloway College in London. While holding this post she continued her studies of not only New but also Old and Middle Persian as well as other ancient Iranian languages with the Iranologist Walter Bruno Henning at SOAS. In 1946 she returned to Cambridge to read for a doctorate on ‘‘The Manichaean hymn-cycles in Parthian’’ under Henning’s supervision. SOAS appointed her Lecturer in Iranian studies in 1947, Reader in 1958 and Professor in 1963. Her undergraduate studies with Hector Munro Chadwick, a world authority on oral literature to whose memory she later dedicated her Zoroastrians, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, instilled in her a keen and abiding interest in oral cultures, and it was that interest which led her to take the momentous decision to study the religious beliefs and practices of living Zoroastrians in Iran. -
The Study of Zoroastrianism in Europe and North America
In memory of Mitha & Sorab Hommie Mehta The Study of Zoroastrianism in Europe and North America With at present only an estimated 120,000 Zoroastrians world wide, one might be tempted to think that Zoroastrianism is taught and studied at only a handful of universities around the world. When looking more closely, however, one discovers that there is a substantial number of academic institutions which cover at least some aspects of the religion. Many scholars working on the topic hold university positions in departments such as Near and Middle Eastern Studies, Indo- European philology and the Comparative Study of Religions. However, when they Wleave or retire, the new postholder would not necessarily have an interest in Zoroastrianism. Thus, while there have been generations of scholars working on Zoroastrianism, until recently there has been no university post exclusively dedicated to this religion. by almut hintze In recent years the Zoroastrian willingness to succeeded by Walter Bruno Henning. The give charitably has benefited the academic post seems to have lapsed in 1947 when study of the religion at various universities, Henning was promoted to a Readership at including the School of Oriental and African SOAS. Since the background of this post is Studies in the University of London (SOAS), not widely known, details, based on the Claremont Graduate University and Stanford. Annual Reports and the minutes of the Moreover, Zoroastrians have endowed Governing Body and Academic Board of lecture series at Oxford (Ratanbai Katrak SOAS, are provided in what follows.1 lectures), Paris (Katrak lectures, which have now lapsed) and SOAS (Dastur Dr Sohrab The Annual Report for the year ending 31 Hormasji Kutar Memorial Lecture; the funds July 1929, p.6 states that: were raised through the good offices of the World Zoroastrian Organisation). -
12 Mackenzie 1226 15/11/2004 10:42 Page 206
12 Mackenzie 1226 15/11/2004 10:42 Page 206 NEIL MACKENZIE Inh. G. Schmuck 12 Mackenzie 1226 15/11/2004 10:42 Page 207 David Neil MacKenzie 1926–2001 DAVID NEIL MACKENZIE passed away in Bangor on 13 October 2001, following multiple complications that resulted from a deteriorating heart disease from which he had suffered for some years. With him, Iranian Studies lost an outstanding representative, whose scholarly competence and interests spanned a broad range of ancient and modern Iranian lan- guages: such comprehensiveness is becoming increasingly unusual in modern times. Several of MacKenzie’s philological publications, espe- cially those concerning (New Iranian) Kurdish and the two Middle Iranian languages, Middle Persian and Khwarezmian, are by now well established as standard works of reference and will surely remain so for a long time. Neil (as he was known to his family and friends) was born in London on 8 April 1926, the first of the two children of the British colonial offi- cer David MacKenzie (of Scottish extraction) and his wife Ada (known as Jerry), née Hopkins. His father served at various places in West Africa, but had to return to England in the early 1930s for health reasons. In the following years he worked as a civil servant, and the family changed their place of residence several times. His son Neil thus attended schools in Slough, Windsor and Cambridge. Shortly after the outbreak of the Sec- ond World War, Neil’s mother left England for Canada, together with his younger sister. Neil chose not to go, but stayed in England with his father. -
Contradictions and Vile Utterances: the Zoroastrian Critique of Judaism in the Škand Gumānīg Wizār
Contradictions and Vile Utterances: The Zoroastrian Critique of Judaism in the Škand Gumānīg Wizār By Samuel Frank Thrope A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Joint Doctor of Philosophy with the Graduate Theological Union in Jewish Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Martin Schwartz, Chair Professor Wali Ahmadi Professor Deena Aranoff Professor Daniel Boyarin Spring 2012 © Samuel Thrope, 2012 All rights reserved Abstract Contradictions and Vile Utterances: The Zoroastrian Critique of Judaism in the Škand Gumānīg Wizār by Samuel Frank Thrope Joint Doctor of Philosophy with the Graduate Theological Union in Jewish Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Professor Martin Schwartz, Chair My dissertation examines the critique of Judaism in Chapters Thirteen and Fourteen of the Škand Gumānīg Wizār. The Škand Gumānīg Wizār is a ninth century CE Zoroastrian theologi- cal work that contains polemics against Islam, Christianity, and Manichaeism, as well as Ju- daism. The chapters on Judasim include citations of a Jewish sacred text referred to as the "First Scripture" and critiques of these citations for their contradictory and illogical portrayals of the divine. This dissertation comprises two parts. The first part consists of an introductory chapter, four interpretative essays, and a conclusion. The second part consists of a text and new English translation of Škand Gumānīg Wizār Chapters Thirteen and Fourteen. My first essay presents a new approach to the relation between the citations from the First Scripture in the Škand Gumānīg Wizār and Jewish literature. Previous scholars have tried to identify a single parallel text in the Hebrew Bible or rabbinic literature as the origin for each of citation. -
NARTAMONGÆ 2020 Vol. XV, N 1, 2 Antonio PANAINO, the DARK SIDE of the MOON: ORIGIN and LEGACY of the SECULAR SASANIAN M
NARTAMONGÆ 2020 Vol. XV, N 1, 2 DOI: 10.46698/VNC.2020.48.50.001 ANTONIO PANAINO, Università degli studi di Bologna THE DARK SIDE OF THE MOON: ORIGIN AND LEGACY OF THE SECULAR SASANIAN MIDDLE PERSIAN LITERATURE BETWEEN PAHLAVI AND DARI In recent times I have started again to reflect1 on the historical role of the Sasanian Empire in the process of cultural dissemination of Western sources. This subject mostly concerns the problem of the period in which Pahlavi translations of Greek books were arranged, if datable already in the 3rd century under the kingdom of Ardašīr I and Šābuhr I, or if only later, in particular around the reign of Xusraw Anōšag-ruwān2. Although this matter is per se important3, I will not enter it here in detail, because I have dealt with this important problem in a more accurate way in another parallel contribution4 and I will limit my 1 I must thank some friends and colleagues who very kindly gave me their advice on some problems I have discussed here: Domenico Agostini (Tel Aviv University), Jeffrey Kotyk (University of British Columbia, Vancouver), Maria Macuch (Freie Universität Berlin), Gianfilippo Terribili (Rome “la Sapienza”), Dieter Weber (University of Hamburg), Arash Zeini (Freie Universität Berlin). 2 See the monographic study by GARIBOLDI 2006. 3 A very interesting discussion of this subject has been started by Cottrell; see in particular COTTRELL 2015, and COTTRELL – ROSS 2019. She rightly notes that the uncritical assumption that already in the 3rd century CE Greek studies were translated into Pahlavi must be revised. I agree with this caveat, but I do not see sufficient arguments to deny the impact of Western sciences around the end of the second century CE, between the collapse of the Parthian and the beginning of the Sasanian kingdom. -
Obituary: Nora Elizabeth Mary Boyce
Bulletin of SOAS, 70, 1 (2007), 143–149. E School of Oriental and African Studies. Printed in the United Kingdom. Obituary: Nora Elizabeth Mary Boyce Almut Hintze Professor Nora Elizabeth Mary Boyce, who died on 4 April 2006, aged 85, was a leading authority on Zoroastrianism, the pre-Islamic religion of Iran. Born on 2 August 1920 in Darjeeling, India, she was educated in England first at Wimbledon High School and Cheltenham Ladies’s College, and then went up to Newnham College, Cambridge. There she read English for Part I of the Tripos before switching to Archaeology and Anthropology for Part II. She graduated with a double first in 1943. During the Second World War, while carrying out war work in villages near the city, she started to learn Persian with Professor V. Minorsky of SOAS (which had been evacuated from London to Cambridge during the hostilities). In 1944 she was appointed Assistant Lecturer in Anglo-Saxon Literature and Archaeology at Royal Holloway College in London. While holding this post she continued her studies of not only New but also Old and Middle Persian as well as other ancient Iranian languages with the Iranologist Walter Bruno Henning at SOAS. In 1946 she returned to Cambridge to read for a doctorate on ‘‘The Manichaean hymn-cycles in Parthian’’ under Henning’s supervision. SOAS appointed her Lecturer in Iranian studies in 1947, Reader in 1958 and Professor in 1963. Her undergraduate studies with Hector Munro Chadwick, a world authority on oral literature to whose memory she later dedicated her Zoroastrians, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, instilled in her a keen and abiding interest in oral cultures, and it was that interest which led her to take the momentous decision to study the religious beliefs and practices of living Zoroastrians in Iran. -
Pahlavica Iv
ARAMAIC PREPOSITION B IN PARTHIAN (PAHLAVICA IV) GIKYO ITO Prof. Emer. of Kyoto University As is well known, in inscriptional Parthian, Aramaic preposition B (be-) 'in, through, with' as equivalent of Parthian andar 'in, among' is prefixed to the word it governs, although in the dictionaries B is treated as a separate, independent word. Therefore it is to be recommended that in an edition of the said Parthian, the preposition is represented by B-. For instance, of S KZ(21), line 3: <B->m<syk> 'at Misik', l. 4: B-byb'lsy 'at Barbarisos', l. 11: B-kpwtky' 'in Cappadocia', l. 21: B-'ry'n hstr B-p'rs 'in Aryan sahr (=Eran-sahr; in MP versionBY<N>= I andar is legible,equivalent to Parthian B-), in Persis'. This Parthian usage of writing, in our opinion, dates back through Aso- kan Inscription from Taxila to the Achaemenid period. In the said inscrip- tion, lines 6-8, is read ZNH <W,'P> (7) ZK(22) Bhwwrd H<LKWT> (8) hwnstwn=zena <we-'ap> ZK bihvavarda ha<lkut> hunistdvana 'This and also other various performance of the Good Order'. The text is an Aramaic translation of Middle Indic eta anam ca bahuvidham dhramacaranam 'This and other many kinds of Dharma-performance'. As I have already noticed(23), an Aramaeo- Iranian compound here to translate Middle Indic bahuvidham 'of many kinds' is bihvavarda<be-hva-varda-, meaning 'by or of itself increased' i. e. 'indeed in- creased'>'various, of many kinds' which is not a perhaps erroneous transcrip- tion of Middle Indic bahuvidha-(24). -
131115 Cours I
Jean Kellens - Vingt ans d’études avestiques et mazdéennes Résumé du 15 novembre 2013 La représentation de l’Avesta La personne qui a incarné le renouveau des études avestiques entre 1950 et 1989 est Karl Hoffmann (1915-1996). La synthèse de son œuvre est publiée en 1989 avec Der Sasanidische Archetypus écrit avec Johanna Narten. Mais comment en est-on arrivé là ? Geldner, entre 1889 et 1896, édite l’Avesta qu’il répartit en 5 livres : Yasna « sacrifice », Yašts « sacrifices », Vīdēvdād « les dispositions rituelles qui visent à tenir les démons à l’écart », le Visperad qui n’existe que comme complément du Yasna et le Xorda Avesta, qui est une anthologie tirée d’extraits soit du Yasna, soit des Yašts. L’histoire de l’Avesta, selon lui, se présente en trois étapes : 1. l’Avesta original, contenant les Gāθās et les grands Yašts, avait été écrit et archivé, mais a été brûlé par Alexandre ; 2. l’Avesta Sassanide est composé de parties conservées de l’Avesta original et de nouvelles compositions, qui a aussi été écrit et archivé ; 3. L’Avesta « Books of the Parsis », que nous ont transmis les manuscrits, atteste les restes hasardeux du grand Avesta Sassanide. Avec les découvertes d’Asie centrale au début du 20ème siècle, on se rend compte qu’il est difficile d’imaginer un texte écrit avant une certaine époque. La théorie d’Andreas Friedrich Carl Andreas : « Die Entstehung des Awesta-Alphabets und sein ursprünglicher Lautwert », in : Verhandlungen des XIII. Internationalen Orientalisten-Kongresses, Hamburg, September 1902. Leiden, 1904, pp. 99-106. Carl Friedrich Andreas voit également trois phases : 1. -
Les Religions De La Route De La Soie Les Chemins D’Une Mondialisation Prémoderne
Les religions de la Route de la soie Les chemins d’une mondiaLisation prémoderne Richard Foltz traducteur Benoit Léger Les reLigions de La route de La soie ) s e n g a Cachemire t n o m ( l a r ï u t a O l A l Qara Balghasun ’ O (Ordu-Baliq) r Sogdiane/ k Sept Rivières h Transoxiane o (Semiretchie) n M S y r- D Miran e (Iax a ri r a rte a Tourfan (Qotcho, Bezeklik) o u S C i ho Talas h a n a u Khwarezm n n S s A ) Dayuan ia p m Karachahr o T i u e (l - D Kachgar n ) r t ) Azerbaïdjan n ’O ar ia s i (dés e n s Dunhuang xus) a k a n e (b a Tarim la m Boukhara ak Maragha o u T Merv n d Antioche Samarcande i c h Khotan Lanzhou Alamout H o u Kaifeng K Syrie Ecbatane Balkh M é Bactriane Gandhara d i (Hamadan) K t err Chang’an (Xi’an) Luoyang a n é e Damas Bamiyan Taxila a r Ispahan a k Babylone/ Gundishapour o Chengdu Jérusalem ru Alexandrie s m Ctésiphon/ u Cao’an Bagdad n d Égypte I Zaytun (Quanzhou) Fujian (province) Inde O C É I E N A N I N D ) ) s s e e n n g g a a CachemireCachemire t t n n o o m m ( ( l l a a r r ï ï u u t a t a O O l l A A l l QaraQara Balghasun Balghasun ’ ’ O O (Ordu-Baliq)(Ordu-Baliq)r r Sogdiane/Sogdiane/ k k SeptSept Rivières Rivières h h TransoxianeTransoxiane o o (Semiretchie)(Semiretchie) n n M M S y r-SDy r- D MiranMiran e e (Iax(Iax a ri a ri r r a rtea rte a a TourfanTourfan (Qotcho, (Qotcho, Bezeklik) Bezeklik) o u So u S C C i ho i ho TalasTalas h a nh a n a a u u KhwarezmKhwarezm n n n S n S s s A A ) ) DayuanDayuan ia ia p p m m KarachahrKarachahr o o T T i i u u e e (l (l - D - D KachgarKachgar n ) n -
Sadwēs, Anāhīd and the Manichaean Maiden of Light ANTONIO PANAINO (Bologna/Italien)
Sadwēs, Anāhīd and the Manichaean Maiden of Light ANTONIO PANAINO (Bologna/Italien) It was MARY BOYCE in 19511 who first demonstrated the remarkable role attributed to Sadwēs in the framework of Iranian Manichaean cosmology.2 Parthian Sadwēs [sdwys], corresponding to Pahlavi Sadwēs [stwys], a star name of Avestan derivation (satauuaēsa-, m. ‘having hundred servants/slaves’),3 ap- pears in fact in the hymn M 741 R4 as the seducer of the Male Archons, thus as a divinity playing the role of the Maiden of Light, an evocation of the Third Messenger. The name Sadwēs occurs also in the Parthian ms M 1310 /1/, but unfortunately, as noted by SUNDERMANN,5 without context. Some Manichae- an sources such as Kephalaia XCV,6 the Middle Persian fragment M 2927 con- firm with regard to the Maiden of Light her function of rain-bringer and dis- tributor, but it is in particular the Sogdian text on The Five Resurrections8 (M 140)9 that states that she performs the third Resurrection ‘from rains and clouds, ceaselessly winter and summer, spring and autumn’. 1 1951, pp. 997-999. 2 The present research belongs to a larger study of the Iranian ancient astral cosmologies, and it has partly benefited of the support deriving from the Project of National Interest (PRIN), entitled “Organizzazione territoriale e ideologia nello stato achemenide: gli insediamenti di Persepoli”, directed by Prof. A. V. ROSSI (Università di Napoli, l’Orientale), and sponsored by the Italian Ministry of the University. This study is one of many others final results produced by the local Unity of the University of Bologna (Branch of Ravenna). -
Nora Elizabeth Mary Boyce
Bulletin of SOAS, 70, 1 (2007), 143–149. E School of Oriental and African Studies. Printed in the United Kingdom. Obituary: Nora Elizabeth Mary Boyce Almut Hintze Professor Nora Elizabeth Mary Boyce, who died on 4 April 2006, aged 85, was a leading authority on Zoroastrianism, the pre-Islamic religion of Iran. Born on 2 August 1920 in Darjeeling, India, she was educated in England first at Wimbledon High School and Cheltenham Ladies’s College, and then went up to Newnham College, Cambridge. There she read English for Part I of the Tripos before switching to Archaeology and Anthropology for Part II. She graduated with a double first in 1943. During the Second World War, while carrying out war work in villages near the city, she started to learn Persian with Professor V. Minorsky of SOAS (which had been evacuated from London to Cambridge during the hostilities). In 1944 she was appointed Assistant Lecturer in Anglo-Saxon Literature and Archaeology at Royal Holloway College in London. While holding this post she continued her studies of not only New but also Old and Middle Persian as well as other ancient Iranian languages with the Iranologist Walter Bruno Henning at SOAS. In 1946 she returned to Cambridge to read for a doctorate on ‘‘The Manichaean hymn-cycles in Parthian’’ under Henning’s supervision. SOAS appointed her Lecturer in Iranian studies in 1947, Reader in 1958 and Professor in 1963. Her undergraduate studies with Hector Munro Chadwick, a world authority on oral literature to whose memory she later dedicated her Zoroastrians, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, instilled in her a keen and abiding interest in oral cultures, and it was that interest which led her to take the momentous decision to study the religious beliefs and practices of living Zoroastrians in Iran.