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Les Religions De La Route De La Soie Les Chemins D’Une Mondialisation Prémoderne

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Les Religions De La Route De La Soie Les Chemins D’Une Mondialisation Prémoderne Les religions de la Route de la soie Les chemins d’une mondiaLisation prémoderne Richard Foltz traducteur Benoit Léger Les reLigions de La route de La soie ) s e n g a Cachemire t n o m ( l a r ï u t a O l A l Qara Balghasun ’ O (Ordu-Baliq) r Sogdiane/ k Sept Rivières h Transoxiane o (Semiretchie) n M S y r- D Miran e (Iax a ri r a rte a Tourfan (Qotcho, Bezeklik) o u S C i ho Talas h a n a u Khwarezm n n S s A ) Dayuan ia p m Karachahr o T i u e (l - D Kachgar n ) r t ) Azerbaïdjan n ’O ar ia s i (dés e n s Dunhuang xus) a k a n e (b a Tarim la m Boukhara ak Maragha o u T Merv n d Antioche Samarcande i c h Khotan Lanzhou Alamout H o u Kaifeng K Syrie Ecbatane Balkh M é Bactriane Gandhara d i (Hamadan) K t err Chang’an (Xi’an) Luoyang a n é e Damas Bamiyan Taxila a r Ispahan a k Babylone/ Gundishapour o Chengdu Jérusalem ru Alexandrie s m Ctésiphon/ u Cao’an Bagdad n d Égypte I Zaytun (Quanzhou) Fujian (province) Inde O C É I E N A N I N D ) ) s s e e n n g g a a CachemireCachemire t t n n o o m m ( ( l l a a r r ï ï u u t a t a O O l l A A l l QaraQara Balghasun Balghasun ’ ’ O O (Ordu-Baliq)(Ordu-Baliq)r r Sogdiane/Sogdiane/ k k SeptSept Rivières Rivières h h TransoxianeTransoxiane o o (Semiretchie)(Semiretchie) n n M M S y r-SDy r- D MiranMiran e e (Iax(Iax a ri a ri r r a rtea rte a a TourfanTourfan (Qotcho, (Qotcho, Bezeklik) Bezeklik) o u So u S C C i ho i ho TalasTalas h a nh a n a a u u KhwarezmKhwarezm n n n S n S s s A A ) ) DayuanDayuan ia ia p p m m KarachahrKarachahr o o T T i i u u e e (l (l - D - D KachgarKachgar n ) n ) r t ) r t ) AzerbaïdjanAzerbaïdjan n n ’O ’O ar iaar ia s i s i (dés(edés e n n s s DunhuangDunhuang xus)xus) a a k a n k a n e e (b (b a a TariTmarim la m la m BoukharaBoukhara ak ak MaraghaMaragha o u o u T T MervMerv n d n d AntiocheAntioche SamarcandeSamarcande i ic h c h KhotanKhotan LanzhouLanzhou AlamoutAlamout H oHu o u KaifengKaifeng K K SyrieSyrie EcbataneEcbatane BalkhBalkh M é M é BactrianeBactriane GandharaGandhara d i d i (Hamadan)(Hamadan) K K t err t err Chang’anChang’an (Xi’an) (Xi’an)LuoyangLuoyang a n é ea n é e DamasDamas BamiyanBamiyan TaxilaTaxilaa a r r IspahanIspahan a a k k Babylone/Babylone/GundishapourGundishapour o o ChengduChengdu JérusalemJérusalem ru ru AlexandrieAlexandrie s s m m Ctésiphon/Ctésiphon/ u u Cao’anCao’an BagdadBagdad n d n d ÉgypteÉgypte I I ZaytuZaytun (Qnuanzhou) (Quanzhou) FujianFujian (province) (province) IndeInde O O C ÉC É I EI NE N A NA N I NI DN D Les religions de la Route de la soie Les chemins d’une mondiaLisation prémoderne Richard Foltz traduit de L’angLais par Benoit Léger Les Presses de l’Université Concordia Montréal Sauf indication contraire, tous les textes et Catalogage avant publication de Bibliothèque et photos sont protégés par le droit d’auteur : Archives nationales du Québec et Bibliothèque © Richard Foltz et Archives Canada Traduction : © Benoit Léger Les livres des Presses de Titre: Les religions de la Route de la l’Université Concordia sont disponibles soie : les chemins d’une mondialisation gratuitement sur Jstor, Project muse, prémoderne / Richard Foltz, auteur ; Manifold ainsi que notre site Web : Benoit Léger, traducteur. concordia.ca/press. Autres titres: Religions of the Silk Road. Français Tout a été mis en œuvre pour obtenir les Noms: Foltz, Richard, 1961- auteur. permissions nécessaires à l’utilisation des Description: Traduction de : Religions documents protégés par droits d’auteur cités of the Silk Road. | Comprend des dans le présent ouvrage et en reconnaître références bibliographiques et un index. les sources avec exactitude. Toute erreur Identifiants: Canadiana (livre imprimé) ou omission portée à l’attention de l’éditeur 20190034807 | Canadiana (livre sera corrigée dans les prochains tirages. numérique) 20190034815 | isBn 9781988111018 (couverture souple) | isBn Conception : Garet Markvoort, zijn digital 9781988111032 (pdF) Réviseure de l’édition française : Vedettes-matière: rVm: Asie centrale— Johanne Norchet Religion. | rVm: Route de la Relectrice : AnneMarie Taravella soie—Histoire. Cartographie : M. Roy Cartography Classification:L cc BL1050 F6514 2020 | Index : François Trahan cdd 200.958—dc23 Page couverture : Stoupa bouddhiste à Vrang, au Tadjikistan. Richard Foltz Imprimé et relié au Canada par Friesens, à Altona, au Manitoba Ce livre est imprimé sur du papier certifié par le Forest Stewardship Council et conforme aux exigences de la norme no Z39.48-1992 sur la permanence du papier de l’ansi/niso Première édition anglaise publiée en 1999 par St Martin’s Press Première édition française publiée en 2020 Les Presses de l’Université Concordia 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1455, boul. De Maisonneuve O. Montréal (Québec) h3g 1m8 9781988111018 canada Les Presses de l’Université Concordia remercient la Fondation de la famille Birks ainsi que Brian et Carolyn Neysmith pour leur généreux soutien. taBLe des matières Préface à la deuxième édition xi Préface à la traduction française xv Préface du traducteur xvii 1 La Route de la soie et ses voyageurs 3 2 Religion et commerce dans l’ancienne Eurasie 37 3 Le bouddhisme et la Route de la soie 57 4 Un refuge pour les hérétiques. Nestoriens et 89 manichéens de la Route de la soie 5 L’islamisation de la Route de la soie 125 6 Manigances œcuméniques 153 7 La fin du creuset 183 Épilogue. La religion du marché 195 Notes 199 Bibliographie 219 Index 245 ix préFace à La deuxième édition Depuis sa publication, il y a dix ans, ce livre a fait l’objet d’abondants commentaires, le plus souvent positifs, et parfois critiques, mais ils n’ont pas cessé, ce qui me semble bon signe. S’il est grandement sti- mulant de savoir qu’il continue de trouver de nouveaux lecteurs, cela crée pourtant des obligations pour l’auteur. Les années qui ont suivi la publication de ce livre ont vu paraître de nouveaux travaux sur les échanges culturels le long de la Route de la soie et quiconque aborde la question pour la première fois par un tel survol mérite de trouver des sources mises à jour s’il ou elle souhaite aller plus loin. Je me ré- jouis donc d’avoir eu l’occasion de préparer cette édition revue, dix ans après la première. Le titre ne devrait laisser planer aucun doute : il s’agit ici d’une approche générale de la question. J’ai tenté de tracer le portrait de 2000 ans d’histoire de l’Asie à partir d’un élément central, soit le mou- vement des idées religieuses et leur transformation, en cherchant à produire un récit qui informe les lecteurs tout en restant accessible. J’ai opté pour la présentation d’un schéma global plutôt que de cher- cher à résoudre certains contentieux sur des points précis. Je laisse ces questions aux spécialistes des nombreux domaines auxquels ce livre fait inévitablement appel. Je n’ai jamais prétendu être un expert de l’une de ces disciplines, préférant faire appel à ceux et celles qui s’y connaissent mieux que moi plutôt que d’empiéter sur leurs champs d’expertise respectifs, un peu à la manière des voyageurs de la Route de la soie qui, inévitablement, xi devaient solliciter la bienveillance des autorités des terres qu’ils tra- versaient. Bien que j’espère encore que les spécialistes trouveront un intérêt à lire le fruit de mes efforts pour tracer un portait global, ce livre a été écrit d’abord et avant tout en ayant à l’esprit les étudiants et le grand public. Pour cette raison, j’ai privilégié un système de translittération aussi simple que possible, réduisant le nombre de signes diacritiques. Dans le cas du chinois, j’ai utilisé le pinyin, sauf si une transcription plus courante était déjà bien établie. Mon intérêt pour les religions de l’Asie centrale est né d’une confé- rence de feu Hans-Joachim Klimkeit, au début des années 1990, alors que j’entamais mes études supérieures. Près de deux décennies plus tard, je lui suis encore reconnaissant d’avoir fait naître en moi cette flamme, puis de m’avoir prodigué ses conseils au moment où je ter- minais la première édition. Jerry Bentley, Richard Bulliet et Nicola DiCosmo en ont également lu le manuscrit et m’ont fait part de nom- breuses suggestions. Les commentaires de Richard Frye ont grande- ment contribué à améliorer le chapitre deux, tandis que Jan Nattier m’a guidé dans la refonte du chapitre trois, qui en avait fort besoin. Les recensions anonymes publiées dans le Journal of Early Modern History m’ont également permis de raffiner mon analyse de l’islami- sation de l’Asie intérieure. En préparant cette nouvelle édition, j’ai cherché à tenir compte de points soulevés dans les comptes rendus de Thomas Allsen, Jason Neelis, Frantz Grenet, Jason BeDuhn et Denis Sinor. Je suis, bien sûr, le seul responsable des erreurs factuelles ou d’éventuelles interprétations erronées.
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