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A Allport, M., 143–145, 147 Abbot, W.F., 227 acquaintance with J.B. Davis, 145 Abernethy, J., 37, 107, 110 plunders Tasmanian burials, 96 Aboriginal Australians. See Indigenous Anatomists, 33, 39, 48, 54, 65, 68, Australians 69, 97, 98, 155, 158, 167, 177, Aboriginal Reconciliation Council, 192, 197, 234, 245, 246, 248, 337, 358 252, 276, 353, 361. See also Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Anthropometry; Craniometry Commission (ATSIC), 337, 338 belief in environmentally induced Admiralty, 67, 79, 84–86, 226, 300, variation, 73, 99 307. See also Royal Navy belief in monogenesis, 99 Manual of Scientifc Inquiry, 226 and brain size, 193 Ægean Isles, 53 compare humans and apes, 46, 48, Africa, 40, 48, 52, 56, 78, 151 106 African Americans, 19 Darwinian, 135, 148, 211, 226 Africans dissection of criminals, 166 ancestry and origins, 43, 46, 56, Edinburgh, 74, 75 59, 72, 74, 89, 106, 116, 117, French, 90, 109, 127 122–124, 157–160, 178 Anatomy Fort Pitt skeletal holdings, 87, 88 Australian Institute of Anatomy, 352 intellectual equality, 159 collections, 27, 29, 31, 34, 55, 71, sub-Saharan, ancestry and origins, 73, 74, 93, 94, 134, 160, 198, 11, 112, 117, 123 348 Agriculture, 39, 41, 104, 190, 201, models, 237, 264 202, 271, 302, 314 museums, 15, 71, 73, 84, 87, 88, Allen, J., 142 95, 96, 208, 213, 216, 348

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 403 P. Turnbull, Science, Museums and Collecting the Indigenous Dead in Colonial Australia, Palgrave Studies in Pacifc History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51874-9 404 Index

schools, 25, 51, 55, 67, 73, 78, 95, biological, 350 127, 139, 168 physical, 268, 359 teachers, 22, 34, 75, 127, 130, 159, racial, 122 199 Anthropometry university departments, 350, 352, instruments, 101 359 photography, 83, 138, 140, 250 Ancient pioneer Charles White, 123, 125, Britons, 310 304 Egypt, 130–132 techniques, 98, 212, 247; Bertillon’s Europe, 221, 224 system, 268; thumbprints, 268 grave mounds, 236 Antiquarians, 53, 153, 170, 302 paths of migration, 170 Aplin, D.H., 217 texts, 41, 302 Apollo, temple at Delphi, 49 Andaman Islanders, 179 Appel, M., 1, 2 Anderson, A., 59 Arawarra, Wandandian Elder, 164, 168 Anderson, K., 99, 156 Archaeologists, 132, 258, 277, 333, Anderson, W., 31 340, 352, 358, 364 Angas, G.F., 316, 319 Archer, W. Anglican church, 113, 274, 322 and Amelie Dietrich, 16, 282, 283 Brisbane, 322 Archer, W.H., 203, 283 clergy, 295, 339, 359 Armit, W., 288–290 Anglicans, 36, 113, 168, 220, 261, Army 339 medical department, 72, 87, 133 liberal, 216 surgeons, 87–89 Anglo-Saxon Artefacts churchyards, 115 collecting, 93, 151, 170, 196, 200, population, 31 202, 227–230, 235, 238, 250, races, 129, 149, 262 258, 262, 266, 268, 276, 284, ‘Animality’ of ‘savage’ races, 118, 156 288, 290, 292, 295, 296, 334, Animals 342, 344, 355; donor costs domestic, 44, 105, 109, 115 reimbursed, 229 extinct; fossil, 208; Pleistocene, 137 sacred, 334, 337 Animate nature, 36, 48, 49, 90, 106, Arthur, G., 162 123 ‘Aryan peoples’, 241, 242 Anthropologists, 129, 149, 196, 197, Asch, G.T., von, 58 211, 212, 224, 236, 245, 249, Asians 258, 270, 276, 283, 326, 333 ethnicity, 198 biological, 326 in Linnaeus’s typology, 46, 47 cultural, 333 skulls, 206 physical, 38, 224 Asylums, sources of Indigenous human Anthropology, 146, 199, 207, 208, remains, 77, 246, 277, 348 223, 242, 249, 261, 262, 266, Athanasius, 319 267, 288, 340, 348, 357 Atkinson, H.B., 213, 334, 339 Index 405

Atkinson, H.Yorta Yorta Elder, 339, Cultural Ministers Council, 337, 352 358 Atlantic slave trade, 158 Government, 332, 337 ATSIC. See Aboriginal and Torres High Commission, London, 333 Strait Islander Commission High Court, 345 Attuiock, Inuit Elder, 43 Institute of Anatomy, 352 Auctions of Indigenous human ministerial permit for exporting remains, 161, 232, 345 ‘anthropological specimens, Auschwitz, 283 277, 341, 351 Australasian Association for the Australian Museum, 4, 91, 132, 196, Advancement of Science 199, 204, 206, 217, 218, 220, Adelaide meetings, 240 222–224, 227, 230–233, 238, Australasian Philosophical Society, 259, 269, 277, 284, 286, 298, 168–171, 178, 179 336, 337, 341, 342, 351, 362 Australasian Society of Patriots, 323 Garden Palace fre, 228, 238 Australia. See also Indigenous Axes, traded, 116, 171 Australians ABC radio, 231 Canberra, 93, 296, 352; burial B caves, 93; skull used as sugar Bacon, F., 180 bowl, 296 Bancroft, J., 205 Carpentaria Gulf, 270, 273, 288, Banks, J., 34, 39, 50–55, 58–61, 64, 300 67, 68, 171 colonial frontier; killings, 172, head of Pemulwye, 63 231, 292; mining, 272, 285; Banks-Hodgkinson, R., 54 pacifcation, 207, 248, 285; Bannister, S., 186 violence, 89, 126, 129, 153, Barclay, J., 75, 100, 101, 127 172, 183, 185, 202, 207, Bartmann, Saartje, 106 280, 285, 287, 296, 297, Bashford, A., 31 327, 347 Bateman, Captain, 142 convicts, 76, 89, 92, 162, 169–171, Bates, D., 351 182; army regiments guard- Bath, Somerset, 61, 142 ing, 76; assigned, 65, 162, Baudin, N., 332 169, 182; escaped, 60; murder Bavaria, Royal Academy of Sciences, 2 of Commandant Logan, 161; Beagle, H.M.S. , 185; Australasian survey, 301, 307 phrenologically assessed, surgeon, 77, 79, 81, 85 89; population, 182; shep- Beattie, J.W., 145 herds, 162; ships,Countess of Beckett, A., 184 Harcourt, 164 Beddoe, J., 133, 141 Council for Aboriginal Belgium, Musée royal d’histoire Reconciliation, 337, 358 naturelle, 146 406 Index

Bennelong, Eora man, 61 Botany, 51, 78, 79, 93, 199, 288 Bennett, G., 91, 93, 199, 202, 206, Bougainville, H. de, 186 362 Bounty, H.M.S., 58, 59 Bennett, K.H., 227, 324 mutiny, 59 Bennett, S.V., 321 Bourke, R., 184 Berg, J., Elder, 346 Bowden, M., 66 Berndt, C., 340 Bowen, G., 201 Berndt, R., 313 Bradley, J., murdered, 215 Berry, A., 165–167, 179, 253, 254 Bradley, W., 60 phrenology, 167, 169 Brain, 86, 105, 106, 111, 116, 117, Berry, R., 251, 254 131, 153, 155, 158, 159, 174, Bertillon, A., 268 181, 183, 190, 192, 226, 252, Bigge, J.T., 95, 167 259, 362 Bildungstrieb, concept, 56, 57 cerebellum, 187, 226 ‘Billy,’ Wiradjuri man executed comparative anatomy, 259 Bathurst, 215 female, 174 Biology, preformist, 49 lungfsh, 259 Birkbeck, W.T., 325 Bramble, H.M.S., 81, 82 Black, G.M., 352 Breton, W.H., 304 Blackwood, F., 81, 82 Brewer, J., 300, 302 Blair, D., 209 Brewster, D., 101, 102 Bland, W., 179 Brierly, O., 82 Blandowski, W., 203, 305 Brisbane, T., 176, 177 Bligh, W., 58 Britain Blumenbach, J.F., 51, 55–62, 68, 73, Anatomy Act 1832, 347 75, 77, 89, 91, 98, 100, 107, Cambridge University, 24, 108, 113, 116–118, 130, 131, 196, 207, 239, 246, 348; 136, 158–160, 178 Leverhulme Centre for Human American admirers, 124 Evolutionary Studies, 6, 348 on bone growth, 57, 58 Colonial Offce, 310–312, 315 and Joseph Banks, 58–63 Edinburgh; Edinburgh varietal typology, 56 Encyclopaedia, 102; extramu- Blundell, J., 93 ral anatomy schools, 75, 127; Boas, F., 276 medical graduates in Sydney, Bock, A., 134 182; Phrenological Society, Bock, T., 134 173, 174, 192; Royal College Boerhaave, H., 46 of Surgeons, 72, 107; Royal Bonn, University, 137 Medical Society, 113; scientifc Bonney, C., 304, 307 societies, 126; Spurzheim’s Bonwick, J., 142 lectures, 160, 181; University Boomerangs, 203, 250 of Edinburgh, 5, 25, 74, 100, Botanists, 58, 59, 94, 170, 283, 359 113, 130, 166, 251, 296, 349; Index 407

Wernerian Society for Natural 84–86, 95; medical depart- History, 126 ment, 71, 72, 87, 133, 307; High Court, 343 surgeons, 75, 76, 78, 79, imperial government, 92, 95, 164, 81–87, 92, 162, 164, 179 311 Royal Geographical Society, 96, Liverpool, 123, 124, 152; museum, 116, 300 152 Royal Society, 39, 51, 54, 55, 93, London Anthropological Society, 145, 210 125, 136, 148, 183, 210, 212, Society of Antiquaries, 53 236 St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, 72, 73, London 107 Colonial Exhibition, 1886, 237 St. George’s Hospital, 34, 54 Egyptian Hall, 316, 319 St. Thomas Hospital, 74 Greenwich, 212 The Times, 6 Kew Gardens, 94 University College, 89 Natural History Museum, 85, 230, Zoological Society, 206, 213 343, 344 Manchester, 123, 124 Oxford University, 24, 28, 30, Shelton, Staffordshire, 130 95, 113, 148, 168, 196, 213, Shetland Isles, 236 216, 242, 250, 268; anatomy British Association for the museum, 213; Christ Church, Advancement of Science, 210 51, 55, 95, 168; anatomy British government resident, Sarawak, school, 168; Council, 333; 238 Pembroke College, 214; Pitt British Museum, 51, 83, 201, 212, Rivers Museum, 250, 333, 359 217, 232, 236, 344, 345, 360, Royal Anthropological Institute, 363 126 Broca, P., 219, 220, 225, 258 Royal College of Surgeons, 34, 37, Brockman, F., 292, 293 38, 63, 65, 66, 72, 73, 76, 78, Brookes, J., 73, 74, 130, 134, 159, 79, 81, 82, 86, 91, 93, 95, 161, 199 107, 110, 116, 133, 138, 141, students, 74 146–148, 153, 161, 168, 199, Brown, James, 230 200, 206, 280, 283, 309, 344, Brown, John, 312 346, 348; College Council, 36, Brown, R., 68 110; Hunterian Museum, 38, Bruin, C., de, 61 63, 65, 72, 73, 76, 79, 81, 82, Buchner, M., 2, 264 86, 91, 93, 95, 96, 111, 138, Buffon, Comte de, 21, 42, 44, 45, 206, 212, 213, 348; Hunterian 49, 52, 53, 55–57, 61, 104, 105, professorship, 110; Indigenous 108, 113, 118, 156 Australian heads, 65, 67 Histoire naturelle, 44, 52 Royal Navy; Haslar hospital, 78; Burnett, W., 84 anatomymuseum, 71–73, Busk, G., 86, 137, 212 408 Index

Busseuil, F.L., 186 Cemeteries, European, 146, 147, 152, Busts, 160, 179, 189, 206 303, 324, 343 Büttner, C.F., 55 Cerebral localisation, 181 Bynoe, B., 81, 85 Challenger expedition, 147 Chance, H., 250 ‘Charlie,’ Wandandian people, 164 C Charnay, C.J.D., 258, 259 Caley, G., 171 Cheselden,W., 43 Calico, D., Ngadjon-Jii people, 273 Children Calico, J., Ngadjon-Jii elder, 273 anthropometrically examined, 265, Campbell, G., Duke of Argyll, 217 274 Campbell, J. (Umbelah), Gubi Gubi forced removal, 104, 172, 190, 204, man, 260, 261 254 Camper, P., 54, 55, 59, 62, 69, 76, kidnapped, 290 101, 105, 160 phrenologically assessed, 174, 185 defence of African equality, 159 remains, 80, 203, 272; kept by Cannibalism, 159, 331, 332 mothers, 301 Canoes, 67 ‘wild,’, 48 Cape Colony, South Africa, 87, 89, Christian Herald, 176 100, 129, 154 Christian humanitarians, 114, 129, Carib Indians, skulls, 59, 74 136, 140, 164, 186, 210 Carlile, R., 110 Churchmen, 95, 121, 167, 180, 181, Carnambaygal, Gundangara man, 171, 210, 274, 292 174 Clarke, B., 146 skull, 173 Clarkson, C.H., 265, 266 Carruthers, J., 322 Clift, W., 65, 76, 79–81, 86, 91, 94, Carter, N. Gooniyandi and Kidji man, 95, 206 340 Climate Carter Blake, C., 125, 140 cause of disease, 44 Cartwright, G., 43 cause of variation, 42, 45, 47, 50, Cattle, 159, 169 52, 57, 69, 75, 107, 117; herding, 126 effects questioned, 54, 56, 85, overland drives, 304 97 spearings, 91, 153, 172, 231, 271, effects on seamen, 85 281, 291, 314 ‘extra-tropical’, 126 stations, 196, 213, 240, 267, 301, Coghlan, J., 266 340 Collins, D., 63, 66 ‘Caucasian’ varietal type, 21, 56, 105, Combe, G., 156, 157, 180–183, 186, 126 187, 190–192, 361 Caves, 93, 136, 215, 219, 229, 232, colonial admirers, 182 269, 291, 330, 344, 345 ‘Combeian’ phrenology, 156, 157, Cedar cutters, 165 180, 182, 186 Index 409

‘national phrenology’, 157, Thomas Henry Huxley, 136, 183–185, 192, 361 138–142, 148, 149, 196, 199, Comparative anatomy, 36, 73, 77, 79, 216–218, 241, 252 85, 86, 89, 107, 110, 113, 124, unstable traits in, 276 153, 235, 259, 260, 268, 359 Zulu, 232 Conchological collecting, 233 Crania Americana, 131 Conjectural historians, 41, 42 Craniometry, 100, 102, 130, 132, Cook, J., 50, 51, 54, 55, 61, 62, 78, 136, 151, 225, 248, 252, 276, 210 362 Cowle, E.C., 296 instruments, 101, 103, 201, 212, Coxen, C., 203, 205, 257 245, 247, 264 Craig, J.W., 257 Creen Creek massacre, 288 Craig, T., 344, 345 Crimean War, 133 Crania, 149, 151. See also ‘Crisis of humanism’, 11, 99 Neanderthal; skulls; skeletons; Crocodiles, salt water, 344 phrenology Cro-Magnons, 219–221 Carib Indians, 59 Crowther, B., 144, 147 casts, 141, 144, 158, 161, 173, 179, Crowther, W.E.L., 253 189, 236, 237, 239, 246, 255 Crowther, W.L., 143, 144, 147 collected by Joseph Banks, 67 Cullin-la-ringo Station massacre, 265 comparative series, 71; analysis, 69, Cunningham, A., 94, 125, 170 74, 103, 183, 189, 248, 255 Cunningham, P., 213 epitome of human history, 68 Cuvier, G., 89, 91, 104–112, 116, fossilised hominid, 83, 211, 219, 152, 192, 208, 220, 252 253, 255 Cymbeline, 171 internal volume, 116, 152, 192 morphology compared with ethno- graphic reportage, 103, 112, 157 D of murderers, 164 Dale, R., 152, 153 Ngarrindjeri nation, 83; See also Darwin, C., 83. See also Evolution Skulls Darwinians, 129, 135, 137, 140, 142, Peruvian, 185 147–149, 195, 196, 212, 217, Polynesian, 91, 185 251 sutures; in Australian, 141; in Cro- anatomists, 149, 195, 211, 226 Magnon, 219; in Neanderthal, Darwinism, 14, 210, 211, 220 140; Occipital, 250; occipito- monogenism, 136 mastoid, 141 opponents, 136, 148 synostosis, 140, 141 ‘Darwin’s Body Snatchers’, 231 Tasmanian, 134, 142, 145, 147, Davis, J.B., 74, 118, 122, 130–140, 162, 167, 168, 186, 195, 204, 142–149, 151, 227 209, 211, 252; See also Skulls Dawkins, W.B., 240, 241 thickness, 192, 193 Dawson, J., 323 410 Index

Day, W., 231, 232 Egypt, 172 Degeneration, concept, 57, 99, 100, ancient; burial sites, 131; Egyptians, 103, 104, 118, 156, 192 53, 225; mummies, 225, 344; Denison, W., 200 racial genealogies explored by De Quincey, T., 124 Morton, 130; skulls, 131, 132; Deville, James, 160–163 wall paintings, 131 Dietrich, A., 282, 283 skulls, modern, 225 Diseases Elvy, L., 308 and climate, 44 Endeavour, H.M.S., 52 effects on crania, 100, 103, 137, Ennis, H., 300 276 Erlangen, University, 89 effects on tibia, 239, 240, 243 Espie, R., 162, 163 Flinders Island, 142 Etheridge, R., 233, 341, 342 sexually transmitted, 267 Evans, R., 282 smallpox, 248, 352 Evolution, 121. See also treatment at sea, 85 Transmutation; Geoffroy Saint- DNA sampling of Tasmanian ancestral Hilaire, E. remains, 364 assent by British scientists, 97 Doodeward v Spence, 345–347 brain, 226 Doré, G., 317 Ernst Haeckel’s materialism, 218 Douglas, A., 291 evolutionary stasis, 240 Douglas, B., 31, 125 Knoxian critics, 122 Douglas, J., 215 Neanderthal and Australian skulls, Dreadnought hospital ship, 212 135–141 Dry, R., 143, 146 Owen, R., anti-evolutionary func- ministry, 144, 145 tionalism, 208 Dublin reconciliation with Christianity, 216 Royal College of Surgeons, 72, 78 Expeditions Dubois, E. Central Australian, 316 discovery of Pithecanthropus, 253, Baudin, 330 254 Challenger, 215, 252 Duckworth, W.H.L., 246 Gregory, 309 Dugongs, 233, 259, 260 Grey, 309 Dunne, C., 78 Horn, 242, 298 inland surveys, 94 Mitchell, Murray-Darling 1836 E expedition, 303, 305 Eardley-Wilmot, J., 200 Novara, 209 Earl, G.W., 82, 116 Oxley, 169, 170, 179, 303, East India Company, 67, 164 332 Edgeworth, T.W.E., 342 Eyre, E., 316 Index 411

F Paris Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Fabian, J., 139, 324 161 FAIRA. See Foundation for Aboriginal scientifc rivalry with Britain and and Islander Research Action Germany, 260 Ferguson, A., 42, 166 Franklin, Jane, 91, 95, 200 Fesl, E., 155 Franklin, John, 85, 86, 90, 95, 200 Fforde, C., 350, 352 French, C., 251 Field, B., 178, 179 Frontal sinuses, 101, 103 Figuier, L. Fuhlrott, J., 136, 138, 140, 141 L’Homme primitif, 317 Fijian skulls, 227 Flinders, M., 67, 68, 79, 204 G Flower, W. H., 80 Gale, C., 292 Fly, H.M.S., 81–83 Gall, F.J., 105, 111, 156–160, 164, Foelsche, P., 245, 294, 298 181, 192. See also Phrenology Foley, F., 15 Gawler, G., 201 Foley, R., 6 Genetic variation, 9 Fordyce, G., 54 Genocide, 17, 297 Fort Pitt, anatomy museum, 87, 88 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, E., 90, 97, 127 Fossils, 91, 105, 140, 229, 253, 255, Geologists, 137, 203, 213, 217, 302, 265. See also Neanderthal 305 fauna, 205 Gerrard, E., 238 hominid, 255 Gibson, assistant army surgeon, 88 ‘living’, 139, 140 Giessen marsupial, 90, 91 University, 237 primate, 253 Gill, S.T., 315 vertebrate, 217 Gillen, F., 243, 250 Foundation for Aboriginal and Glenelg, Lord (Charles Grant), 310, Islander Research Action 312–314 (FAIRA), 279, 280, 333–335 Godeffroy Museum, Hamburg, 16, 282 France Goldsborough, Mort and Co., 295 Académie des sciences, 219 Goodsir, M., 164, 166 anatomists, 109, 126, 127 Goodwin, A.P., 230–231 anthropologists, 258 Gordon, P., 336 Dordogne region; Vèzère River Gothic Valley, 219 imaginings of Aboriginal primitiv- Jardin des Plantes, 258, 259 ity, 319 Loire region, 236 Göttingen, University, 38, 55, 58, 60, Ministry of Public Instruction, 258 246 naval surgeons, 92 Gould, C., 147 Pacifc ambitions, 210 Gradations in nature, 46, 124, 125 412 Index

‘great chain of being’, 123 Higgins, H., 346 Grant, C. See Glenelg, Lord Hill, A., 214 Grant, R.E., 89, 90 Hill, P., 171, 173, 174 Grant–Watson, E.L., 277, 351 Hindmarsh, J., 314 Graves, J., 144 Hoare, M., 168 Gray, J., 293 Hobson, E.C., 89–91, 138, 200 Gray, J.E., 83 Hochsteller, F. von, 236 Gray, T., 321 Hodgkin, T., 73, 113 Gregory, A., 309 Hodgson, J., 72 Grese, I., 16, 283 Holocaust, 15, 280 Grey, G., 81, 95, 138, 305 Home, E., 38, 44, 54 Gribble, E., 274, 275 Home, H. (Lord Kames), 113, 122 Griffn, D., 336 Hooker, W.J., 94 Griffth, S., Justice, 345, 347 Horn, W.A., 242 Guadeloupe skeleton, 236 Hornet Bank massacre, 288 Gunn, R.C., 94 Howard, J., 337 Guthrie, W., 53 Howitt, A.W., 249, 292 Hrdlička, A., 234 Human H ancestry; evolutionary, 234, 247; Haacke, J.W., 235–237 monogenetic origin, 69, 99, Haast, J. von, 233 114 Haddon, A.C., 266 classifying, 56 Haeckel, E., 218, 235 cranial types, 117 Generelle morphologie, 218 deep past, 53, 137, 235, 241, 354 Hair, 44, 47, 48, 59, 154, 163, 213, early occupation sites, 241 226, 364 natural history, 53, 62, 70, 96, 97, samples collected, 276, 364 111, 125, 130, 136, 197, 210, Halford, G.B., 208 212 Haller, A. von, 56 origins, 114, 125, 138, 170, 330 Hamilton, A.S., 188, 208 pithecoid ancestry, 12, 270 Hamlyn–Harris, R.H., 257, 276 racial ancestry, 100, 101, 116, 159, Hann, F., 292–293 184 Haswell, W.A., 261, 262, 325 racial types, 98 Hawdon, J., 304, 307 species; separate, 49, 122; unitary, Heaviside, J., 73 113, 115, 123 Hector, J., 240 variation, 38, 43, 45, 46, 113; brain Hedley, C., 233 size, 193; cognition, 111, 117; Heidelberg, University, 272 effects of climate, 52, 56, 85, Henderson, J., 302, 303 112; effects of climate, ques- Herschel, J., 86, 115 tioned, 39, 41, 113; form, 121, Heyne, G.C., 55 131; ‘Malay’ type, 56, 89, 91, Index 413

103, 104, 126; Mongol type, ‘mummies’, 203, 262, 284, 126; ‘monster’ type, 46, 48 344; pelvic bones, 218; penises, varietal branching, 55, 99, 158, 170 subincised, 296; platycnemic Hume, D., 34, 122 tibia, 239, 240, 243; postmortem Humoural theory, 47, 49 dissections, 5, 29, 170, 344; skin, Hunt, J., 236 94, 206 Hunter, J., 33–38, 42–45, 49, 50, 54, postmortem dissections; arsenic- 55, 58, 100, 110 rich, 260; formaldehyde, 345; anatomy collections, 55, 71, 94 postmortem dissections, legal- death, 34 ity, 346; preserving fuids, 260, portrait, 34, 36, 46, 49 264, 345; R.J.A. Berry, 170; post-mortem dissections, 54 rum, 164, 212, 261; spirits Hunter, W., 37 of wine, 64, 65, 79, 357; soft Hurst, surgeon, 74 tissue structures, specimens, 21, Huxley, T.H., 83, 84, 136, 138–142, 33, 65, 80, 211; wax models, 148, 149, 196, 199, 216–218, 237; William Lanne, 143 241, 252 bones compared with Cro-Magnon, Hydra, experiments, 56 219, 220 brains, 226, 252, 259, 277, 362 burials; bundle, 143, 363; plat- I form, 96, 206, 263, 308, 309, Illidge, T., 228 315, 317, 319, 340; platform, . See also Skulls images, 315, 317; tree, 244, ancestral burial places; burial caves, 250, 301, 307, 308 93, 330; coastal, 80; oral tes- cemetery graves plundered, 146, timony, 339, 340; plundered, 147, 188, 208, 217, 228, 321 77, 82, 96, 169, 208, 226, colonial monuments to, 290, 291, 230, 244, 271, 277, 322, 326; 297 plundered, moral unease at, 77, contemporary protests against burial 204, 338, 341 excavations, 277, 352 armed raids on camps, 284 decapitated, 74, 155 artefacts, 93, 170, 196, 200, 204, dispossession, 7, 8, 10, 27, 164, 208, 224, 227, 229, 230, 197, 281, 320, 338, 361 235–238, 250, 259, 262, in evolutionary thought, 138, 249, 268, 276, 284, 288, 292, 275 296, 334 exploration guides, 288 bodies; children, 66, 104, 110, 170, funerary; ceremonies, 82, 92, 95, 188, 203, 276, 293; dried, 94– 132, 167, 170, 262, 273, 291, 95, 153, 263, 276; embalmed, 299, 302, 304, 305, 324, 326, 348; female perineum, 296; 330, 332; removal of skin, 134 heads in spirits, 64, 79, 226, imagined attributes, 99, 114, 131, 246, 296; ‘Lady Adelaide’, 348; 157, 181, 183, 184, 255, 302; 414 Index

imagined extinction, 31, 93, phrenologically examined, 173; 99, 105, 133, 139, 149, 156, tribes, 133, 142, 162, 167, 204 178, 198, 202, 204, 211, 220, drawn by Webber, 61 228, 240, 249, 254–256, 275, Inman, T., 303 289, 298, 299, 311, 317, 320, Inuit peoples, 85 326 Investigator, H.M.S., 80 initiation scars, 92 Ireland kidnapped children, 290 Royal College of Surgeons, 107 killed by convicts, 60 ‘Last Native Kings’, 143, 231, 273, 320 J ‘Last of their Tribe’, 231, 320, 324 James Cook University, 336, 340 medical patients, 267, 276 Jamison, J., 75 morphology, 33, 38, 68, 96, 99, Java, 52, 253 103, 112, 139, 149, 184, 190, Jenkins, E., 215 192, 195, 198, 239, 246 Jenkins, T., 329, 333, 354 opium, 267, 272 Jewish victims of Nazism, 280 plaster casts, crania and heads, 75, ‘Jimmy,’ shot by W.H. Willshire, 295 86, 173, 206, 237 Jinny, Ngadjon-Jii people, 273 proprietary rights, 310–312 Johns, R.E., 129 Protectors of Aborigines, 132, 142, Johnstone, R., 290, 291 203, 217, 260, 267, 289, 292, Jones, S., 333, 336 312–315, 323 Jorgenson, J., 163 repatriation campaigning, 172, 254, Jukes, J.B., 81 332, 333, 338, 339, 350 resistance, 104, 163, 171, 177, 196, 202, 248, 256, 281, 294 K rights to land for burial recognised, Kaiber, Noongar guide to George 313 Grey, 305 spearings, 231, 271; cattle, 267, Kames, Lord (Henry Home), 113, 281, 286, 292, 294–296, 298, 122, 123 341; sheep, 314 Kangaroos, 65, 153, 171, 308 spears, 64, 203, 204, 288; marine, Kant, I., 30 201 Kay, R., 244 suicide, 336 Keith, A., 38, 348 Tasmanians; ‘’, 133, 310; Kennedy, E., 288 compared to early hominids, Kenrick H.B., 227, 324 83, 255; death mask, 89; Kenyon, A.S., 251 Flinders Island, 93, 142, 143, Keppel Islands, 269 146, 204, 253; funerary prac- Kimberley Aboriginal Law and Culture tices, 143, 204; seashells, neck- Centre (KALACC), 340 laces, 204; ‘Shiny’, 80; skulls King, J., 51, 55 Index 415

King, P.G., 64 Locke, J., 124 King, P.P., 80 Logan, P., 94, 161 ‘Kipper Billy’, 322 Long, E., 41, 122 Klaatsch, H., 255, 268–273 Longman, H.A., 257, 276 Knopwood, R., 66, 167, 168 Lonsdale, H., 126 Knowles, A., 192 Louisiade Archipelago, 84 Knox, R., 125–129, 135, 136, 149, Lubbock, J., 249 151, 183, 361 Lyell, C., 137, 138, 140 belief in infertility of hybrids, 129 Lyons, F., 285, 286 Kosovo War, 317 Krause, W., 246 Krefft, G., 195, 196, 216–221, 224, M 248 Macalister, A., 239, 242 dismissal from Australian Museum, MacGillivray, J., 82, 83 196 Mackenzie, G.S., 157, 173 Kulebah, 288 Maclay (Mikluho-Maklai), N.N., 259 Macleay, A., 199 Macleay, W.S., 199 L Macleod, R., 198 Lamarck, J.B., 90, 97 Maconochie, A., 184 Lambrick, G., 81 Macquarie, L., 172 The Lancet, 345 Madley, L., 245 Landor, E.W., 306, 307 Maluku Islands, Indonesia, 48 Lang, J.D., 185 Mann, W., 301 Langstaff, G., 72 Mansell, F., 78 Lanne, W., 143–146, 253 Mansell, M., 334 skeleton, 145, 146 Maori, 52, 95, 152, 221 skull, 144, 145, 147 ancestral burial places, plundered, Latour, G., 308 176 Latrobe, C.J., 200, 201 skull, 144 Law of death and burial, 234, 278, Toi moko (tattooed heads), 95, 152; 309, 320, 327, 342, 343, bought by seamen, 85 346–348, 353, 362 Marambari, Majunbalmi people, 301 proprietorial rights in human , brig, massacre, 290 remains, 345 Marsupials Lawrence, W., 107, 110–112 specimens collected, 68, 90, 95, Leach, W., 100, 101 218, 259, 272 Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), 21, 43, Marten, G., 214 46–49, 51, 56, 57, 104 Maschmedt, F., 230 preformist biology, 49 Masters, G., 218 Systema Naturae, 48 Materialism, concept, 110, 112, 168, varietal typology, 47, 48 180, 181, 273 Lister, army surgeon, 88 May, R.H., 66 416 Index

McCombie, T., 190 Mulgrave River, 263, 290 McCooey, H., 341 Mulvaney, J., 178, 242, 250, 298, 351 McCoy, F., 201, 207–209, 238, 249 Munich McDonald, H., 31 ethnology museum, 2, 4, 264 McGregor, R., 31, 99, 156 Murray, J., 178 McMaster, C.J., 228 Murray Island, Torres Strait, 82 Medical practitioners, 17, 28, 89, 100, Musée royal d’histoire naturelle, 109, 117, 132, 133, 145, 153, Brussels, 146 181, 182, 185, 187, 213, 243, Muskets, 64, 67, 93, 95 261, 287, 313, 350 Myall Creek massacre, 185 Medical Times, 73 ‘Myrnong heaps’, 217 Melanesians, 83, 89, 225, 260, 265 Mendelian genetics, 276 Mermaid, H.M.S., 80 N Meston, A., 4, 10, 12, 14, 16, 260, Napoleonic Wars, 79, 87 284 Nation, W., 308 Michie, M., 184 National Museum of Australia, 1, 338 Midgegooroo, Beliar Elder, 153 Native Americans, 7, 19, 56, 57, 96, ‘Migalu’ (white people), 273 100, 123, 130, 131, 199, 209, Millar, J., 41 333, 357 Milligan, J., 93, 134, 135 Naturalists, 21, 22, 48, 63, 91, 113, Milton, J., 124 115, 122, 199, 209, 211, 229 Miners, 14, 17, 272, 287 amateur, 16, 64 Missionaries, 111, 117, 164, 175, 176, Naval surgeons, 75, 77, 78, 80, 86, 187, 191, 205, 238, 261, 273, 92, 162, 164, 179 275, 302, 309, 311, 315, 351 Nayinggu, J. Bininj Elder, 1 stations, 139 Neanderthal, 136–139, 236, 239, 252 Mitchell, T., 303, 305, 306, 322 skull compared with Australian, Mjöberg, E., 277, 340 111, 138, 140, 149, 239, 252; Moncrieff, G.F., 182, 184 deemed pathological, 140 Monro, A., 74, 75, 100, 103, 104 ‘Neddy Larkin,’ Widjabul Elder, 231 Montagu, G., 294 Neolithic Monthly Magazine, 300 barrow burials, 170, 219 Moore, N., 292 migration, 241, 242 Moore, W., 66 New Guinea, 82, 84, 91, 221, 232, Moorhouse, M., 132, 315 255 Moreau, ‘ultra phrenologist,’, 187 skulls, 225, 230 Morris, A., 88 New Hebridean skulls and skeletons, Morriset, J.T., 177 265, 267 Morton, S., 130–133, 135, 183, 204 New Ireland skulls, 266 Moseley, H.N., 215, 250, 268 New South Wales Mountgarret, J., 66 Anatomy Act, 1891, 348 Index 417

Attorney General, 186 Moolah, 324 Awabakal people, 175, 176, 186, Mundi Mundi Plains, 244 323; burial, 175 Murrumbidgee River, 93, 305 Bathurst district, 176, 214, 215, Murwillumbah, 227, 228 300; massacre, 176 Nepean River, 171, 172 Black Head, 165 Newcastle, 175, 323 Botany Bay, 50, 53 New England region, 306 Bundjalung people, 228, 230 Ngunnawal people, 91 Burragorang Valley, 171 Northern Rivers District, 227 Campbell River, 214 Picton, 341; police magistrate, 341 Carcoar, 213 Riverina district, 92 Central Highlands, 92 Shoalhaven district, 164–166 Cooloomgatta, 165 State Library, 89 Cowra, 229 Sydney; Australian Library, 180; Cudgegong River, 92 bodies exhibited, 263, Darling River, 227, 303 345; Bulletin, 6, 283, 319; Darug people, 60, 63–65, 75, 92, Challenger expedition, 215; 103 early Indigenous resistance, Gan-gaar people, 53 63, 64, 172; Exhibition 1879, Githabul people, 306 227, 228, 264; Gazette, 163, Gomeroi people, 319 180; H.M.S. Sapphire, 225; Goulburn, 214, 319, 341 Illustrated Sydney News, 289, Grafton, 218 320; Monitor, 177; Morning Grose River plains, 172 Herald, 6, 263; Parramatta Gundungurra, people, 166, 171, Female Factory, 185; phrenolo- 341, 343 gists, 164, 186; Port Jackson, Gunnedah, 319 68, 103; remains sent to, Gweagal people, 53 66; sale of Toi moko (Maori Hawkesbury River, 172 Tattooed heads), 95; School Hunter region, 213 of Arts, 179, 184; Sydney Kamberra people, 296 University, 342, 348, 359 Kamilaroi people, 203 Wallerang, ‘Last Native King, 320 Keera station, 306 Wandandian people, 164 Kiama, 321; cemetery, 321 Wellington Valley, 219, 302 Lachlan River, 169, 170, 227, 303, Wiradjuri people, 92, 170, 176, 305 177, 213, 215, 322, 342; Lake George, 171 funerary practices, 303; massa- Lake Macquarie, 175 cre, 176; woman buried, 214 Lismore, 230 Wollombi District, 304; Yass, 229 Macquarie River, 169, 170, 303 Newton, I., 40, 48, 111, 124, 240, Maitland, 188 248 Molong, 322, 342 New York Review of Books, 317 418 Index

New Zealand, Wellington, Colonial Victoria River Downs Station, 295 Museum, 240 Yanyuwa people, 244 Ngadja, Ngadjon-Jii Elder, 273 Yithuwa Madarrpa people, 67, 68 Nicholson, C., 132, 204 Yolngu people, 335 Nind, I.S., 300, 302 Nootka Sound, British Columbia, 51 Northern Territory, 27, 205, 236, O 238, 240, 242–245, 294, 298, Ogilvie, W., 213 302, 335 Oodgeroo, Noonuccal Elder, 340 Alice Springs, 250, 295, 296 Ornithologists, 147, 196 Arnhem Land, 67, 79, 80, 116, Ornithology, 223, 224, 227, 261 300, 335 Ourang Utans, 238 Barkley Tableland, 240 Owen, R., 81–83, 86, 90, 93, 94, 116, Bathurst Island, 300 133, 138, 168, 199, 200, 206, Blue Mud Bay, 67 217, 220, 226 Borroloola, 244, 250 Oxley, J., 169–171, 303, 332 Charlotte Waters, 250 Coburg Peninsula, 80–82 Darwin, 239, 245, 294, 308. See P also Port Essington Palaeolithic era, 239–241 , 308 Palaeontology, 86, 152, 207, 233, Gordon Creek, 295 241, 261, 276, 350 Goulburn Island, 80 Pallottine missionaries, 351 Illamurta Springs, 296 Palmer, A., 258 Iwaidja people, 81, 82, 116 Palm Island, W., 2 Katherine region, 294 Papua New Guinea, 83, 91, 255 Larrakia people, 245 Papuans, 61, 92, 216 Lawn Hill Station, 292 Pardoe, C., 269, 329, 361 Madjunbalmi people, 301 Parker, A.G., 173 Mangarrayi people, 294 Pastoralism, 41, 77, 90, 93, 164, 176, McDonnell Ranges, 242, 243 182, 202, 207, 213, 215, 226, Mount Stuart, 295 238, 242, 244, 256, 266, 275, Muralug Island, 82 282, 288, 290, 291, 298, 302, Pine Creek, 294 304, 311, 314 police, mounted, 244, 245, 294, stations, 92, 244, 266, 301 298; killing of ‘Pompey, 295 workers, 104, 185; convicts, 164 Port Essington, 81, 82, 85, 116, Paton, W., 186 300 Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Roper River, 294 230, 231 Tempe Downs, 296 Pemulwye, Darug People, 63–65 Tree Telegraph Reserve, 250 Péron, F., 332 Undoolya Station, 295 Perrin, C., 156 Index 419

Peru crania, 55 crania, 187 seaman, skulls, 91 mummy, 152 ‘Porcupine Men’, 109 Peterson, N., 335 Porter, R., 47 ‘Petrifed black fellow’, 344 Porteus, B., 309 Petrow, S., 143 Port Phillip district, 142, 184, 186, Pettigrew, T., 153, 154 200, 201, 304. See also Victoria Philadelphia Postmortem dissections, 253. See also Academy, 130, 132 Lanne W.; Truganini Phillip, A., 51, 60, 61, 309 attended by J. Reynolds, 34 Phrenology, 89, 130–132, 151–158, by J.G. Spurzheim, 156 164, 169, 173–175, 179–193, convicted murderers, 166 303 Saartje Bartmann, 106 busts, 160, 189, 206 South Sea Islanders, 290 colonial, 163, 172, 176 Tasmanians, 61, 112, 133, 255 electro-magnetism, 187 W. Ramsay Smith, 270 grave-robbing, 164, 170, 175 ‘Preformation,’ biological, 42 museums, 160, 174, 189 Preserving fuids national phrenology, 157, 183, 184, alcohol, 86 192, 361 arsenic-rich, 260 satirised, 188, 232 formaldehyde, 345 Physiognomy, 113, 128 rum, 164, 212, 261 Pickering, C., 190 Prichard, J.C., 69, 112–118, 136, Piggott, S., 6 192, 302 Pithecanthropus erectus, 253, 254 Primates, 11, 37, 106, 137, 212, 239 Pittard, S.R., 206, 217 apes, 46, 48, 49, 106, 116, 123, Pitt Rivers, A. H. L. F., 250, 333, 359 137, 198, 219, 252; anthro- Plant physiology, 43, 58 poid, 236, 252; morphological Poetry, 42, 53, 299, 317 similarities with humans, 48 An Aboriginal Funeral, 319 chimpanzees, 38, 138, 212 Blackfellow’s Grave, 320 gorillas, 138, 212, 238 Elegy Written in a Country Church Proboscis monkey, 238 Yard, 321 Prout, J.S., 134 An Orrible Tale of Gore, 293 Pryor, M., Birra Gubba Elder, 32 racial doggerel of J.B. Stephens, 362 Pryor, P., Bira Gubba Elder, 32, 336 Police, magistrates, 77, 94, 290, 291, 341 Pollard, J., 271 Q Polygenism, 41, 118, 122, 151 Quakers, 113 Polygenists, 122, 124. See also Davis, surgeons, 72 J.B.; White, C. Queensland Polynesians, 53, 91 Atherton, 272 420 Index

Aurukun, 270 Gladstone, 262 Barrier Reef, 233 Glenormiston pastoral station, 266 Barron River, 4, 284, 291 Goongarry (Goongarrie), 288 Barry’s Pocket, 273 government, 274, 288 Bartle Frere, 271 , 206, 325 Bellenden Kerr Range, 271, 272 Gulf Country, 270, 271, 288, 291, Birri-Gubba nation, 29, 281, 283, 301, 308 336, 360 Herberton, 262, 285; mining felds, Blackall, 262 286 Bogantungan, 265 Hodgkinson gold feld, 263 Boonjie, 272–273 Hope Valley Mission, 271 Boulia, 266 Ipswich, 219 Bowen, 29, 202, 281, 283 Julia Creek, 308 Bowen hospital, 282 Koomburmerri people, 334 Brisbane; Anglican churchyard Kurtijar people, 307 plundered, 322; Brisbane River, Laura River, 291 75; gaol, 258–260; Grammar Mackay, 214, 216, 265, 283, 284, School, 268; Philosophical 290; Polynesian Hospital, 265 Society, 205; museum. See Malabarra Yidinyji people, 263 Queensland Museum , 231 Broadbeach, burials excavated, 277 Manbara people, 2 Bungee (Russell River)’ people, 231 Mapoon, 270 , 325 Mbabaram people, 262, 286 Burdekin River, 290 Moreton Bay, 75, 88, 94, 161, 201, Cairns, 2, 270–274, 285, 286, 291, 258, 283 303 ‘mummifed’ human remains, 262, Cape Upstart, 336 286–291 Cape York, 259 native police, 15, 262, 269, 281, Cardwell District, 290 283–292, 347 Cooktown, 230, 233, 258, 270, newspapers, 1, 287; Brisbane 287 Courier, 258, 264; Cairns Post, Cunningham’s Gap, 258 14, 284; Gladstone Observer, Darling Downs, 88, 201 262; Mackay Mercury, 290; The Darnley Island, Torres Strait, 82 Queenslander, 258, 260, 263, people, 263 325 Emerald, 265 Ngadjon-Jii people, 273 Endeavour River, 50, 54 , 290 Erub Island, Torres Strait, 82 Nicholson River, 291, 292 exhibition courts, 263, 264 Noonuccal people, 340 Fitzroy River, 344 Norman River, 271 Flinders River, 301, 307 Normanton, 270, 271, 288, 292, Gilbert, River, 288 308 Index 421

Oxford Downs Station, 214 retirement, 234 Palm Island, 2 Rattlesnake, H.M.S, 82–84 police, anthropological collecting, ‘Raubon Ton,’ skull, 88 262, 269, 276, 287–291, 297 Ravensbrück, 283 Pitta Pitta people, 266 Reece, W.H.R, 155, 191 Prince of Wales Island, Torres Strait, Renkioi, Crimea, 133 82 Repatriation, Indigenous human Rockhampton, 213, 265, 282, 290; remains, 279–280, 327, 329, Russell River, 14, 231, 272, 330, 332–339, 346, 352–354 284, 285 critics, 329, 338, 342, 362 Springsure, 272, 287 ‘Resurrectionism’, 265, 325 St Lawrence, 228 Retzer, J. von, 158 Tewantin, 325 Reynolds, H., 189, 192, 310 Thursday Island, 270 Reynolds, J., 34–38, 50, 55 University of Queensland, 277 Richards, J., 15, 283, 351 people, 206 Richardson, J., 85–87, 167 Wanyurr Majay people, 271 Rights, to land, 7, 311, 315 Warrego district, 287 Robertson, A.W.D., 255 Woppaburra people, 269 Robertson, W., 166 Yagar people, 218 Roberts, T., 291, 308 Yarrabah Mission, 274 Robinson, G.A., 142, 162 people, 263 journals, 143 Yugarabul people, 258 Rochester, New York, 232 Queensland Museum, 196, 203, 216, Rock shelters, 219, 241 238, 257–268, 276, 284–291, Roginski, A., 188 296, 298, 325 Rolleston, C., 213 Rolleston, G., 148, 213–216, 219, 225, 226, 268 R Roth, H.L., 283 Race. See also Human variation Roth, W., 266–268, 275, 347 history as racial struggle, 221, 248 anthropometry, 268 racial typology, 98, 121, 128, Rowland, H.M., 213–214 152, 184, 197, 211, 220, Russia 242, 252, 274–276, 298, Geographical Society, 259 361 theorists, pro-slavery, 125, 153 Radcliffe-Brown, A., 351 S Raiatea, Tahiti, 52 Sachs, L., 263, 264 Ramsay, E.P, 4, 10, 223–233, 264, Sami people, 44 284, 341 Sapphire, H.M.S., 225 appointment to Australian Museum, Sappol, M., 19 213 Sarawak, 238 422 Index

Saupé, A., 237, 238 79–89, 91–94, 96, 99–101, 103, Schaaffhausen, H., 137, 138 105, 106, 112, 115, 116, 118, Schlagintweit, R. von, 237 124, 130–138, 140–142, 144, Schmidt, E., 225 147, 148, 151–171, 173–178, Schoetensack, O., 269, 272 182–184, 186, 188–193, 203, Schwalbe, G, 254 206–209, 212–215, 218, 225– Scott, J., 89 227, 229, 231, 232, 234–239, Scott, S., 206 242, 245–247, 251–255, 258, Scott, T., 78 262, 269, 273, 276, 279, 280, Scott, T.H., 167, 168, 179 287, 291, 292, 295, 296, 333, Sculptors, 160, 237 345, 347, 357, 361. See also Seager, F., 145 Crania; Skeletons; Phrenology Seamen African, 10, 25, 39, 44, 111, 117, non-European autopsied, 226 131, 158, 160 Sedgwick, A., 207 Africans, sub-Saharan, 41, 111, 131, Seemann, B., 212 158, 225 Semon, R., 287 Anglo-Saxon, 115 Shakespeare, 171, 180, 240, 248 as tobacco-holders, 232 Shanks, army surgeon, 88 Carib Indians, 74 Sheets-Pyenson, S., 20 cigar cases, 232 Sheldon, J., 55 collectors; Allport, M., 143, Shepherds, 42, 134, 162, 171, 185, 147; Aplin, D.H., 217; 215, 288, 290 Beaglevoyage, 81; Bennett, convict, 162, 171 G., calls for collecting of Sheridan, B., 290 skulls, 93; Berry, A., 168, 169; Sibthorp, J., 58 Blackwood, F., 81; Blandowski, Skeletons, 72, 74, 76, 85–87, 116, W., 203; Charnay, C.J.D., 258; 134, 146, 207, 208, 211, 216, Clarkson, C.H., 265; Cook 218, 219, 224, 226–230, 232, voyages, 51; Craig, J.W., 258; 233, 235, 237, 238, 239, 244, Craig, T., 344, 345; Crowther, 245, 247, 252, 254, 258, 262, W.E.L., 253; Cunningham, 266, 268, 276, 283–286, 325, P., 213; Davidson, W.R., 326, 340, 349, 352 214; Davis, J.B., 24, 74, as curios, 232, 295 87, 115; Day, W., 231, 232; Cro-Magnon, 219–221, 239 Earl, G.W., 116; Espie, R., Haslar anatomy museum, 84 162; Flinders voyage, 67, 68; Ourang Utan, 238 Foelsche, P., 245, 294; French, thigh bones, 219 C., 251; Gunn, R.C., 94; Skin Hamilton, A.S., 188; Hann, post-mortem removal, 283 F., 293; Hawdon, J., 307; Skulls, 33, 37–39, 44, 49–51, 58–62, Hill, A., 214; Hobson, E.C., 64, 65, 69, 71–73, 75, 76, 89; Jenkins, E., 215; Jukes, Index 423

J.B., 81; MacGillivray, J., 82; Melanesian, 83, 265 Marten, G., 214; Milligan, J., nasal; bones, 128; cavity, 103; sep- 93; Natural History Museum, tum, 55, 61 Vienna, 236; Nicholson, C., Native American, 100, 131 132; Oxley, J., 169–171; Neanderthal, 138, 140, 141; com- Phillip, A., 51, 60; police, pared with Australian, 111, Northern Territory, 245, 190, 198, 212, 330 294–296, 298; police, 244; New Britain, 230 Queensland, 276, 283–292, New Guinea, 225 347; Robinson, G.A., 142; Ngarrindjeri nation; stolen, 263; Rolleston, C., 213; Roth, W., water vessels, 83 266, 347; Rowland, H.M., plaster casts, 86, 173, 206, 237 214; Scott, T.H., 95, 168; Polynesian, 91, 184 Spencer, W.B., 223; Stanger, returned by Pitt Rivers Museum, W., 213; Stokes, J.M., 214; 333 Story, J.F., 93; Stretton, W.G., skullcaps, 95, 132, 138, 244; Vis, C. de, 261; Watson, 254; Neanderthal, 137; A., 234; Williams, T., 224; Pithecanthropus, 253; Yardley, J., 227 Tasmanian, 254 colonial frontier violence, victims, sub-Saharan, 11, 111, 112, 117 185, 280, 285, 287, 296, 297; synostotic, 141 bullet wounds, 269, 286, 291; Tasmanian, 51, 62, 72, 74, 80, ‘Native Police grave yards’, 292 91, 93, 95, 133, 142, 254; dealers; Deville, J., 160–162; examined by William Turner, Goodwin, A.P., 230; 254; Lanne W., 145, 146, 148; Maschmedt, F., 230; Phillip, Larmairremener people, 163; H., 296; Stephens, J.C., 314; taken to Flinders Island, 134 Ward, H. A., 232 thickness, 193 Egyptian, 132, 225 Timorese, 20 environmental effects on morphol- ‘Tin Pot Billy’, 215 ogy, 50 Tiwi Islands, 333 facial bones, 108, 117, 132 Torres Strait, 225 Fijian, 227 traded, for tobacco, 82, 232 Fort Pitt Australian collection, 87 Wiradjuri people, 177 Haslar collection, 84–86 Yagan, 152–155 and human variation, 62 Zulu war trophies, 232 Irish, 87 Slavery, 113, 122–124, 160, 309 jawbones, 51, 101 Smallpox, 248, 352 made into sugarbowls and spittoons, Smith, Adam, 41 295, 296 Smith, Andrew, 87 Malay, 245 Smith, W.R., 247, 270, 349, 358, 359 Maori, 159 Smyth, R.B., 209, 216, 249 424 Index

Snell, E., 308 320; Karloan, A., 340; Mack, Société d’Anthropologie de Paris, 219 P., 340; Sumner, S., 32; Society Islands, 52, 58, 59 Treverrow, T., 5; skullcap Sohier, P., 189 water vessels, 83, 96, 137; Solander, D., 51 ‘Tommy Walker’ (Poltpalingada Solomon Islanders, 265 Booboorowie), 349; death and South Australia dissection, 346, 349 Aborigines’ Friends Association, 350 police; anthropological collecting, Adelaide; Australasian Association 245, 291, 294–296 for Advancement of Science Port Augusta, 214 meetings, 240, 272; Coroner post-mortem dissections, 246; and Inspector of Anatomy, 349, University of Adelaide, 234 350; hospital, 348; , 132, 142, people, 132, 138, 301; Lady 203, 312–315 Adelaide, 348; museum. Royal Society, 247 See South Australian Museum; Supreme Court, 344 Parkside Lunatic Asylum, 348; Swanport, 247, 248 University of Adelaide, 223, Walkandi-Woni people, 313, 315 234; West End Cemetery, 349 South Australia Illustrated, 317 administration of Northern South Australian Company, 316 Territory, 205, 239 South Australian Library, 234 Anatomy Act, 246, 349 South Australian Museum, 196, 201, Anatomy Inspector, 349 203, 205, 207, 223, 234, 236, Crown Lands Act, 344 238, 245, 294, 298, 350 , 315 South Australian Philosophical Society, , 350 201 Lake Alexandrina, 317 Southern Africa Lake Bonney, 304 Cape colony, 126 Lands Department, 247 colonial frontier violence con- Legislative Council, 201 demned by R.Knox, 128 Macleay Tribe, 237 Khoi people, 48, 87, 89, 106, 126, Meintangk people, 232, 344 128 Merkani people, 232, 313, 315 San people, 48, 87, 126 Moorundi, 317 Xhosa people, 87 Mount Gambier, 344 Zulu people, 232 Murray River, 214, 220, 247, 304, South Sea Islanders, 264, 290 307, 315, 316, 340; lower, Spencer, G., 67 247, 306, 318, 340 Spencer, W.B., 196, 207, 223, 224, Myponga Vale, 315, 316 242, 249, 277, 351 Naracoorte, 232 Spurzheim, J.G., 156, 158, 159, 164 Ngarrindjeri nation, 83, 95, 96, determinism, 151 214, 247, 308, 313; Elders, in Edinburgh, 181 Index 425

lectures, 181 Tasmania Staiger, K., 260 anatomy legislation, 145 St. Andrews, University, 75, 166, 168 Bass Strait, 67, 204, 310 Stanley, O., 83 Bicheno, 321 Stepan, N., 10, 97, 98, 248 Big River (Larmairremener) people, Stephen, J., 310, 311 162 Stevens, J.C., 232, 345 Black Jack, Indigenous Tasmanian, Stirling, E.C., 26, 153, 196, 207, 223, 89 224, 234, 235, 237, 244, 296, Bruny Island, 50 298 crown assumption of sovereignty, appointment as museum director, 310 223 Flinders Island, 93, 94, 142, 143, and Archibald Watson, 239 146, 204, 253 platycnemic tibia, 239 French; ambitions, 65; voyagers Stirling, J.L., 153, 248 encounter burials, 330 Stocking, G., 11, 98, 113, 302 Government, 339, 343 Stokell, G., 144, 145 Hobart, 89, 91, 134, 143, 147, Stokes, J.L., 81, 301, 307, 308 162, 167, 200, 204, 253, 322; Stokes, J.M., 214 colonial surgeons, 89, 168, Stone age, Indigenous Australians and 280; hospital, 91, 143; St. Europeans compared, 233 David’s Churchyard, 145 Stone tools, 241 Launceston, School of Arts, 186 axes, 171 Legislative Council, 91, 95, 189 classifcation by J.P. Kenyon, 251 Maria Island, 330 grinding stones, 336 Midland Plains, 162 tomahawks, 164, 288 museums, 253, 322 Story, G.F., 93 natural history society, 200 St Petersburg, 58, 198, 260 newspapers; Tasmanian Mail, 322 Stretton, W.G., 244, 245, 294 Nuenonne tribe, 338 Stringer, C., 330 Ouse River, 162 St Vincent Island, 59 Oyster Bay tribe, 331 Surveyors, colonial, 63, 82, 302, 304 Oyster Cove, 134, 146, 147, 253; Sweatman, J., 81, 82 Aboriginal station, 208, 240 Symes, R.H., 265, 287 Pinnanobathac (Bessie Clark), 146 Risdon Cove massacre, 65 Royal Society, 93, 143–146, 200, T 204, 339 Tacitus, 166 Shannon River, 162 Tahitians, 51, 52 Supreme Court, 343 skulls, 58 Surrey Hills, 134 Tamar, H.M.S., 300 Tyreddeme people, 331, 332 Tambo, man, 2 Wauba Debar, 321 426 Index

Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre (TAC), V 279 Vanatinai, Papua New Guinea, 84 Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Van Diemen’s Land. See Tasmania 89 Varietal diversity, human, 45, 48, 96, Tasmanian tiger (Thylacine), 86 98, 121, 130, 131, 156, 178, Tate, Ralph, 234–238 206, 211 Thomas, W., 217 traits, 46, 47 Thompson, W., 147 types, 33, 43, 46, 47, 49, 56, 73, Thomson, D., 335 98, 121, 157, 178 Thomson, J., 83 Vermillion Accord, 279 Threlkeld, L., 175, 176, 186, 187, 191 Victoria Thurnam, J., 132 Aboriginal Legal Service, 346 Tierra del Fuego Bendigo Working Men’s Club, 216 Cape Desolation, 79 Boon Wurrung people, 208, 217 Haush people, 48 Camperdown; Camperdown Selk’nam people, 48 Chronicle, 323 Tiwi Islanders, 334 executive council, 201, 202 Lands Council, 333 Field Naturalists Club, 251 skull, 334 Geelong District, 295 ‘Tommy Came-frst,’ guide to Mitchell Geological Survey Offce, 217 expedition, 305 Gippsland District, 352 Torres Strait, 81, 82, 259, 266 goldfelds, 189 Islanders, 152, 195, 198, 224, 225, Koondrook, 251 276, 298, 358, 363 Kow Swamp, 6, 352 Townley, Sargeant, 145 legislative council, 189 Transmutation, 90, 97, 123, 127, 140 Liwira Gunditj people, 323 gradual, 97 Loddon River, 251 progressive, 127 Mallee region, 352 Trembley, A., 56 Melbourne; Argus, 189; general Trinity Bay, 263 cemetery, 217; Industrial and Truganini, Nuenonne woman, 338 Technical Museum, 209, 238, descendants, 324 251; International Exhibition exhumation, 339 1880, 233, 264; Mechanics reburial, 338 Institute, geological collection, Tuberculosis, 91, 214, 243 200, 232; National Gallery, Turner, W., 251–253, 349 208, 209; National Museum, Tylor, E., 249, 250 1, 3, 27, 195, 196, 201, 203, 207–209, 223, 249, 255, 261, 306, 338; phrenology, U 189; skulls sent from, 116; Umbelah (Johnny Campbell), 260 University of Melbourne, 242, Unst Isle, Scotland, 236 346 Index 427

Mordialloc, 208 Western Australia, 81, 85, 88, 152, Murray River; burial places exca- 155, 213, 275, 292, 300, 311, vated, 352 340, 351 Relics Act, 346 Bardi Jawi people, 351 Rosebud, 90, 91 Beeliar people, 152, 153 Western district, 217, 292, 323 Bernier Island, 351 Western Port, 91, 138 Cygnet Bay, 81, 96 Yorta Yorta people, 6, 334, 339, Dampier Peninsula, 81, 351 352; Elders, Atkinson, H., Gooniyandi people, 340 339 Kidji people, 340 Victoria River Massacre, 330 Kimberley region, 340 Vienna King George Sound, 80, 85, 154, Natural History Museum, 236 155, 300 Vigors, N.A., 206 Nyikina people, 340 Virchow, R., 260 Perth, 195, 292, 293, 305; Sunday Vis, C. de, 261, 262, 264, 265, 267, Times, 293 269, 286, 287, 292 Point Cunningham, 307 Viti Levu, Fiji, 227 Protector of Aborigines, 292 Swan River district, 85, 152–155, 306 Warburton Ranges, 292 W Western Australian Museum, 16, 195 Walcott, R.H., 251 White, C. Wallace, A.R., 110 measures Afro-Caribbean people, Wallace, F.L., 182, 184 124 Wallis, J., 172 racial typology, 123 Wandjina paintings, 293 White, E., 65, 66 Ward, H. A., Natural History White, G., 273 Establishment, 232, 233 White, J., 237 Ward, J., 65 Wilcox, J., 218 Ward, R., 232 Williams, E., 189 Washington, J., 116 Williams, T., 224 Waterhouse, F., 201, 205, 207, 235 Williamson, G., 72, 87, 89 Waterloo, battle of, 159 Wills, K. Watson, A., 234, 239, 246, 247, 348 Wills, K.H., 281, 282 Watson, J, 295, 296 Willshire, W.H., 295 Weatherall, B., 32, 334 Wilson, C., 32 Webber, J., 61, 62 Wilson, J.T., 348 Wellesley Islands, 270 Windschuttle, K., 17, 176, 297 Wellington, New Zealand Colonial Wise, F., 53 Museum, 240 Wollstonecraft, E., 165 Westall, W., 68 Wombeetch Puyuun, Liwira Gunditj Westaway, M., 346 people, 323 428 Index

World Archaeological Congress Yemmerrawanyea Kebberah, Eora (WAC), 15, 279 people, 61 Wyatt, W., 203, 205, 313–315 Yule, C., 82 Yuranigh, Wiradjuri people, 322, 323

Y Yardley, J., 227, 228 Z Yarrabah Mission, 274 Zietz, A., 238