SAMOAN INSECTS AKD RELATED ARTHROPODS: CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Kaiin S. Kami and Scott E. Miller Bishop Museum Technical Report No. IS Honolulu, Hawaii 1998 Published by Bishop Museum Press lS25Bemice Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 Copyright © Bishop Museum, 1998 All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-930897-74-9 ISSN 1085^55X iDtroduetíon This checklist and bibliography provides a preliminary synthesis of the literature on insects and related aithiopods of the Samoan Islands. It is a parallel product U) the checklist (Nishida, 1997b) and bibliogrBphy(Nishida, 1997a) of Hawaiian insects and their relatives produced by Bifiiop Museum's Ha^A^ Biological Sxnvey and it complements the catalog of Samoan oonmarine snails and slugs (Cowie, 1998). To provide a contextual fiamework for future work in Pacific entomology. Miller (1997) reviewed the general status of understanding of insects of the Pacific Islands. Hie present list includes 2523 species of insects and 251 species of other arthropods. Thsse numbers are probably an overestimate of the number of published species records (because of unresolved synonymies), but certainly underestimate the total number of species present in Samoa, because many have not yet been recorded in the literature. Many new unrepoited records are present in collections, especially at Bishop Museum (Honolulu) and Landcare Research (Auckland). Nevstheless, this list provides a foundation for future research. This List is based on card files of Pacific insects assembled up to úie mid 1960s by Edward H. Biyan, Jr., and Amy Suehiro at the Bishop Museum and a critical review of a large amount of Uterature on Pacific entomology, supplemented by checks of major online hterature databases and hljrary catalogs. We constructed a database of aU citations to all names mentioned as occurring on any Samoan island. The checklist and bibhography presented here are summaries of thai comprehensive citation database, which we expect to both make available on Internet and deposit at American Samoa Community Collie. We have attempted to provide the current valid usage of all the names that have been associated with Samoan insects. We have not attei^Jted to validate the original identificalions, although in some cases it is clear the names were mis^iplied. Resolution of residency status (e.g., endemic, indigenous, alien) was b^ond the scope of this project, but we hope to add residoicy status to the database in the future. We have followed the names used in the hterature in reporting species and subspecies, but it appears Üial many . of the subspecies names appUed to Samoan insects should be reviewed. Similarly, many of the generic concepts EçipHed earlier in tins century need critical review. The moths include some notable examples of monotypic endemic genera that have not been critically evaluated in the last 50 or more years. Geogr^hic coverage includes all the Samoan iclflTid^, including Swains Island. The checklist columns for "Samoan Islands" (SI), "American Samoa" (AS), and "Westem Samoa" (WS) denote records that did not specify particular islands. We retain usage of Westem Samoa for the country now known as Samoa to avoid confusion. Títere have been four major periods of contribution to the hterature on Samoan arthropods. (1) The early German work, especially Rechinger (1907-1914), resulting fit>m collections in 1905; (2) the seminal Insects of Samoa series (9 volumes, 1927-1935) pubUshed by the British Museum (Natural History), resulting &om expeditions by the British Museum (especially collections made by F.A. Buxton and GJi.E. Hopkiiis in I924-I925) and Bishop Museum (E.H. Bryan, Jr. and associates); (3) the work of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association and Bishop Museum in 1923,1940, and other years (Swezey, 1942); and (4) from 1974 to 1978, the United Nations (United Nations Development Programme and ihc Food and Agriculture Organization) sponsored an agricultural pest and disease survey that included Samoa, coordinated by the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (now LandCare Research) (Maddison, 1989). Unfortunately, most of the results of this last survey have not yet been published. The information contained herein reflects the information available to us as of 15 December 1997. But it is an interim product, subject to continued improvement in resolution of taxoDomic identities and geogrsqihic distributions. We will appnaate notification of additions and corrections. Acknowledgements This project was supported by the Cooperative Research, Education, and Extension Service, United States Department of Agriculture through project number EIPM055OO, admjitistered by the American Samoa Community College, Pago Pago, American Samoa, and arranged by Don Vargo. He project also benefited fitim synea^ with the Hawaiian insect checklist thai was supported in part by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foimdation. Tlie libraries of Bishop Museum and the University of Hawaii provided most of the literature. Our colleagues at Bishop Museum helped in many ways, especiaUy Neal Evoihuis, Gordon Nishida, G. Allan Samuelson, and Sabina Swift Other specialists who contributed literature, assisted with general reviews, or resolved specific problems included William Knight, Jacqueline Nfillex, Lee Milkr, Eugene Munroe, Vojtech Novotny, Dan Polhemus, Malcolm Scoble, Mit^iael Shaffer, Roy Snelling, Timothy New, Kevin Tuck, Agnes Vargo, Don Vargo, and Maia Vaswani. Literature Cited Cowie, RÜ. 1998. Catalog of the norunarine fFrwil« and slugs of the Samoan Islands. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Zoology 3: viii+122 pp. Maddison, PA. 1989. UNDP/FAOSPEC survey of agricultural pests and diseases in the South Pacific. Technical report volume 1. General introduction and account of the entOTnological survey. Dej^rtment of Scientific and Industrial Researdi, Auckland, New Zealand. 113 pp. Miller, S£. 1997. Biogeograpby ofPacific insects and othCT terrestrial invertebrates: a status report, pp. 463-475 in A. Keasi and S.E. Miller (eds.). The origin and evolution of Pacific island biotas. New Guijiea to Eastern Polynesia: Patterns andprocesses. SFB AcademicPublidiing,Amsterdam. viii+531pp. Nishîda, G.M. 1997a. Hawaiian tenestrial arthropod bibliography. Bishop Museum Technical Report 11 : iii + 255 pp. |Thttp://www.bishopJiawaii.org/bishop/HBS/bibib/aithbibJïinil] Nishida* G.M. 1997b. Hawaiian terrestrial arthropod checklisL TTiird edition. Bishop Museian Technical Report 12: iv + 263 pp. Pittp:/Avww.bishop.hawaii.org/bisbop/HBS/arthrosearclLhtinl] Rechinger, K. (ed.). 1907-1914. Botanische uod zoolo^sche Ergebnisse dner wissenschaitlidien Foischungsielse nach den Samoa-Ioseln, dem Neuguinea-Aidûpel und den Salomons-Inseln von Maíz bis Dezember 1905. Denksch-ifien der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Ma^ematische-Naturwissenschi^liche Klasse 81:197-- 317; 84: 385-562; 85: 175-432; 88:1-65; 89:443-708; 91:139-213. Swezey, 0 JI. 1942. Notes on food habits of Lepidoptera in Samoa. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Enîomologicaî Society 11: 202-216. SnmnMiï by Class and Order Group No. of Families No. of Genera No. of Species AltACHNIDA 72 151 223 Acari , 33 <0 79 Aimfiae 33 S4 135 PseudoscoipiODida 4 5 7 Scorpiooida 2 2 2 INSECTA 2» 1379 2523 Aiiopluia 4 5 6 Coleopm 30 314 S36 CoUembola 3 S 5 DemuqXEn 5 10 12 Didyoptoa S 16 23 Dqiluiii 2 2 2 Dipttia 42 210 472 EfÂaneroptera 1 1 1 i&lmipEn 21 93 134 22 120 239 Hyme&optera 29 14« 237 isopoat 3 e 10 Lc^idopleia 37 317 34« Mallophagi 2 20 «6 Mantodea 1 3 3 NèiuujjlBid 3 9 20 Odomita 3 19 3« Oiämpuad « 36 61 Phflsmatodca 1 2 5 8 13 26 Siphonsptera 1 3 3 3 22 32 Tlyunura 2 3 4 'níchoptoa 1 1 1 Zoiaptaa I I 1 CRUSTACEA 4 5 9 Malacostiaca Isopoda 4 5 9 CEGCLOPODA 4 4 6 DIPLOPODA 4 9 9 SYMPHYiA 1 1 1 TAKDIGRADA 2 2 3 TOTALS 343 1551 2T74 Table of Contents ARACHNIDA Acari 1 Aimeae 4 Pscudoscotpionida 79 Scorpionida 80 INSECTA Anophna 4 ColeiçHEra 8 CoUonbola 24 Dermaptera 24 Dicryoptoa • 25 Diplura 2Í Díptera 2« Ephemeroptoa 39 Heteroplera 39 Hamoptera ^3 HymcDoptem 50 Isoptera 58 Lcfâdcfilaa 58 MiUiçiaga 74 Mancodcä - 75 Neuropiara 76 Odonata 76 Orthoptera 77 Phasmatodea 79 Psocoptsra 79 Sqibon^iteia 80 Tbysanoptera 81 Thysanura 82 Trichoptera 82 ZoapBesi 82 CRUSTACEA Is(Ç)odB • 55 CHILOPODA 8 DIPLOPODA 2« SYMPHYLA " «1 TARDIGRADA 81 BibUography 83 SAMOAN ARTHROPOD CHECKLIST Higher Tsxon Fanjily Genus Species pesprilper. Year MTM OFII TATT TliT AIIN ROS SWA UPO MNO APO NIIH SAV SI AS ACAKI Austrach j ptcri idac PaiBlaniellobatcs ceylonicus (Ouden . 19IS) BiBChychth oniidae Brschychthonius pocifícus HamiDa, 1973 Upo LJocbthODius oceanicus Hammer, 1973 Upo Carabodidse Canbodes luteoamnis Hammer. 1972 samoensis Balogh &. Balogb, 1986 CeraiomidâÊ cranalameJlatus Hammer, 1973 Upo AnelLozetes discifei Hanuner, 1973 Upo Donucolidac Gressittolus morgiiiatus Balogb, 1970 Eremaeozetidac octomaculatus Hammer, 1973 Upo Ercmulidae Eremulus cuTviseta Hammer, 1971 Upo Eupelopjdae Nesopelops samoacDsis Hammer, 1973 Upo Euphthincftrídae AustroQñtia Icbroaaeci Jacot, 1934 Upo Rhysonicia aiduaiC-L, Koch, 1841) Gfllumnidae Acrogalumna venmlis (Wilhnami, 1931) Upo Allogalumna upolueosis Hammer. 1973 Upo Galumna ilabellifen Hnmncr, 1958 Upo Neogalumna antemûgo Hammer, 1973 Upo PergalumDB bryani (Jacot. 1934) Upo Haplozrtidac Perxylobates venuiseta (Balogh & Matamka, 1968) Upo Rostrozelcs foveoLams Sellcick. 1925 Upo Xylobaies capuciQus (Berlesc, 1908) Upo MUA-Mmna. OFUOfi», TAU^au, TUT-TuDiil*, AUN=Aimnu. ROS^Rose, SWA-Swàoï. UPOUpolu. MNO-Manooo, APO-Apolima, TJÜU-NuuMk,