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Oak Forest Master Plan Executive Summary.Indd oak forest heritage preserve master plan & vision executive summary July 2012 Prepared for: Forest Preserve District of Cook County Cook County Real Estate Management Division Prepared by: Conservation Design Forum with: Bluestone + Associates Environmental Design International Midwest Archaeological Research Services, Inc. Primera Engineers Residents enjoy watermelon outside the Oak Forest Hospital. Oak Forest Heritage Preserve Master Plan executive summary Project Summary & Purpose Planning Process Th e Oak Forest Heritage Preserve Master Plan is a Th e master planning process began in the fall of 2011, comprehensive vision for the future development, when a team of consultants led by Conservation Design public use, and long-term management of the Oak Forum, Inc. (CDF) was retained to assist the FPDCC Forest Heritage Preserve. Th e plan is intended to help and Cook County in the analysis and planning of the guide circulation and access improvements, ecological Oak Forest Heritage Preserve. Acquired in 2010 by the and site restoration, memorialization of sacred space, FPDCC, the property warranted detailed investigation implementation of recreational amenities, and the and documentation of the site’s ecological and cultural preservation and interpretation of the rich natural and features, as well as the rich history of human activity cultural history of the Preserve and adjacent properties. and interaction over many millennia. Th ese discoveries Th e plan addresses four parcels: the Forest Preserve helped guide the development of the Master Plan. Th e District of Cook County (FPDCC) Parcel, and three team CDF assembled included experts in all aspects others immediately adjacent to the Preserve—the of naturally and culturally sustainable planning Corner Parcel, the Oak Forest Health Center (OFHC), practice: Conservation Design Forum, Inc. (Project and the Cicero Parcel, all owned by Cook County. Lead, Landscape Architecture, Planning), Bluestone + Associates (Interpretive Planning), Environmental All uses and development proposed for the Oak Forest Design International (Environmental Assessment), Heritage Preserve in this Master Plan are consistent Midwest Archaeological Research Services, Inc. with the mission of the Forest Preserve District of Cook (Cultural Resources), and Primera Engineers County…to restore, restock, protect and preserve the (Engineering). natural forests and such lands together with their fl ora Cook County Corner Parcel and fauna, as nearly as may be, in their natural state and 46.9 acres condition, for the purpose of the education, pleasure, and recreation of the public… Oak Forest Forest Preserve District Health Center of Cook County Parcel 81.7 acres 176.3 acres Future uses will also recognize ecosystem health, preservation of historic resources, protection and interpretation, and the partnership with the Oak Forest Cook County Health Center. Cicero Parcel 23.9 acres project parcel map Oak Forest Heritage Preserve Master Plan 1 executive summary Burr Oak Elizabeth A. Woods Conkey Forest Turtlehead Rubio Woods Lake Forest Preserve Bachelor Grove Woods 143rd St to downtown Midlothian Chicago 43 294 Sundrop Prairie Nature Preserve Kerkstra Middle Jack Hille Middle Central Park Oak Forest High Elementary Breman Foster Elementary Paintbrush Prairie Community Nature Preserve St. Damien 83 Metra Rock Island High Elementary Gensburg-Markham Midlothian Scarlet Oak Elementary Oak Forest Prairie Preserve Meadows Oak Forest McClaughery Metra W. 159th St School 6 Markham Nelson Woods St. Gerard Majella Fieldcrest Tinley St. Mihiel Elementary Markham Park Elementary Park Reservation DePaul University Morton Gingerwood Elementary 57 Arbor Park Middle 50 175th St Yankee Woods Country Club Hills 80 Legend Oak Forest Heritage Preserve Forest Preserve District of Cook County properties The Nature Conservancy prairies school university Metra station park trails South Green trail connection Cook County Cook Will County Will Belt Forest county line 0’ 1,000’ 2,000’ 4,000’ 6,000’ north regional context map 2 Oak Forest Heritage Preserve Master Plan executive summary Pogie Lake Project Goals ancient Th e geologic formation of the site and past region; Th e Master Plan goals are to: • Restore the ecological landscape, improve surface Th ousands of years of nomadic water management, and provide new recreation hunting and foraging; improvements consistent with the FPDCC’s More recent Native American mission; settlement and seasonal agriculture; • Showcase the rich cultural history of the site; Modern industrialized agriculture • Identify opportunities for continued connections and the development of mechanized between the Oak Forest Health Center and farming practices that largely relied on the Forest Preserve District properties, while monocultures (growing just one type addressing the security needs of both; and of crop); • Explore connections to the larger community. Th e development of the Oak Forest Poor Farm and Infi rmary; Telling the Story Th e interment of tens of thousands of Th e Oak Forest Heritage Preserve is a site with a complex indigents from the Poor Farm and the and interconnected set of stories of human history, County; archaeology, geology, ecology and natural history Th e development and progression of that span millennia. Th e property has seen changes in the Oak Forest Health Center; and occupancy and use that have aff ected the health of those sustainable Th e next chapter of use as the Master living on it and upon the land itself. Th e following is a future generalized chronology of the evolution of use: Plan vision is realized. Oak Forest Heritage Preserve Master Plan 3 executive summary Site Analysis - Key Findings Historic Vegetation Cultural & Geological Context Vegetation reported in the area of the Oak Forest Native American Settlement Heritage Preserve included oak savanna, oak-hickory Aft er the last retreat of the Wisconsin Glacier forest, mesic and wet prairie, sedge meadow and pond approximately 14,000 years ago, the land area that systems. With the exception of wood harvesting, seeding, includes the Oak Forest Heritage Preserve has been a and mowing, it is possible that some areas of the parcel place of signifi cance. Th is is due largely to its location have been relatively undisturbed since the early surveyor at the transition between a morainal ridge left behind reports, and the oak savanna in the northwest corner by the retreating glacier and the fl at, open land of the of the Oak Forest site may be a remnant of the original Chicago Lake Plain, approximately 25-30 feet below. woodland described by land surveys in 1822. Th e elevation of the moraine above the plains off ered Native American inhabitants refuge from the heat and humidity of low-lying swamps, views of sweeping prairie fi res and the oncoming enemy, and ready access to nearby woodlands for harvesting materials for housing and sustenance. In this position, the recessional edge also provided the best trail location for travel and trading. Th e value of this location to Native American culture was confi rmed in 1958, when an archeological investigation uncovered eight houses and mapped an entire Native American village—the fi rst in northeastern Illinois. Th e site appears to have been oak savanna at the Corner Parcel occupied approximately around 1680. Legend property boundaries 0’ 200’ 400’ 800’ 1200’ north 1929 USGS topography 4 Oak Forest Heritage Preserve Master Plan executive summary 89 90 railroad Map of the Buildings and 80 Pulaski Road 87 W. 159th Street Grounds of the Cook 67 77 County Infirmary, 88 70 Tuberculosis Hospital 68 and Farm 84 64 6566 Oak Forest Illinois 85 63 69 62 93 1916 71 72 94 61 82 60 59 83 79 57 58 55 56 74 73 11 6 7 10 54 5 8 15 9 16 92 3 1 14 2 24 4 12 18 20 23 81 91 Legend 13 17 19 26 21 22 buildings 33 28 27 lake 32 78 34 29 25 stream 35 30 property boundaries 31 37 0’ 100’ 200’ 400’ 600’ north S. Cicero Avenue Cicero S. 38 36 40 1. Administration Bldg. 15. Wards “F” 1,2,3&4 27. Smoke Stack 41. 55. 69. Antiseptic Tanks 83. Utilety House [sic] 39 75 2. Receiving Bldg. 16. Wards “G” 1,2,3&4 28. Laundry 42. 56. Poultry Houses 70. Lodgehouse & Gate 84. Cow Barns 3. Genl. Hospital 17. Genl. Kitchen 29. Storeroom 43. 57. & Yards 71. Cement & Floral Piece 85. Fruit Orchard 49 41 44 4. Morgue 18. Bakery 30. Wards “K” 1,2,3&4 44. 58. Frame Farm Cottage 72. Tennis Court 86. Parking Station 47 Greenhouse 59. 5. T.B. Nurses Home 19. Gen. Bath & 31. 45. T.B. Cottage Brick Farm Cottage 73. Baseball Grounds 87. General Store 50 42 45 6. Genl. Supt Cottage Toilet Room 32. Catholic Chapel 46. 60. Stables 74. Lawn Tool Houses 88. General Store 48 Colony 7. Infirmary Nurses Home 20. Workshop Bldg. 33. Wards “A” 1,2,3&4 47. 61. 75. Pumping Station 89. Railroad Station Frame Storehouses 43 46 8. Asst. Supt. Cottage and Mechan 34. Wards “B” 1,2,3&4 48. 62. 76. Catholic Cemetery 90. Eastern Casket Co. 9. Wards “C” 1,2,3&4 21. Water Tower 35. Aged Couples Home 49. 63. 77. County Cemetery 91. Lake 51 Hog Houses T.B. Tent Colony 64. 52 53 10. Wards “D” 1,2,3&4 22. Power House 36. 50. and Yards 78. County Cemetery 92. Rabits Island [sic] 11. Wards “L” 1,2,3&4 23. Paint Shop 37. T.B. Office Bldg. 51. School House 65. 79. Farm House 93. Canning Plant 12. Protestant Chapel 24. Rag House 38. T.B. Hospital Bldg. 52. Duty Tent 66. Tool House 80. Franciscan Fath. Residence 94. Grape Arbor 76 13. Genl. Dining Room 25. Crematory 39. New T.B. Hospital 53. Duty Tent 67. Hog Hospital 81. Cistern 14. Wards “E” 1,2,3&4 26. Oil House 40. T.B. Dining Hall 54.
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