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INTRASITE FEATURE ANALYSIS of the CRESCENT BAY HUNT CLUB SITE (47JE904), an ONEOTA SITE in SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN by James D. M

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INTRASITE FEATURE ANALYSIS of the CRESCENT BAY HUNT CLUB SITE (47JE904), an ONEOTA SITE in SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN by James D. M INTRASITE FEATURE ANALYSIS OF THE CRESCENT BAY HUNT CLUB SITE (47JE904), AN ONEOTA SITE IN SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN By James D. Moss A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Anthropology At The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 2010 INTRASITE FEATURE ANALYSIS OF THE CRESCENT BAY HUNT CLUB SITE (47JE904), AN ONEOTA SITE IN SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN By James D. Moss A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In Anthropology At The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 2010 ___________________________________________________________________________ Major Professor Date ___________________________________________________________________________ Graduate School Approval Date ii INTRASITE FEATURE ANALYSIS OF THE CRESCENT BAY HUNT CLUB SITE (47JE904), AN ONEOTA SITE IN SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN By James D. Moss The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2010 Under the Supervision of Dr. Robert J. Jeske The Crescent Bay Hunt Club Site is an Oneota site located on Lake Koshkonong in southeast Wisconsin. This site was occupied circa A.D. 1200-1400. Feature remains representing two wigwam style structures and at least one post-in-trench longhouse structure have been excavated at the site. Using radiocarbon dates and artifact inventories, a Geographic Information System is employed to examine these two distinctly different structure types in order to provide an explanation for their differences. ___________________________________________________________________________ Major Professor Date iii © Copyright by James D. Moss, 2010 All Rights Reserved iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1............................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 GIS Methods and Archaeology....................................................................................... 2 Oneota in Wisconsin ....................................................................................................... 4 Emergent Horizon A.D. 950 – 1150 ............................................................................... 8 Developmental Horizon A.D. 1150 – 1350................................................................... 10 Classic Horizon A.D. 1350 – 1650 ............................................................................... 12 Connections to Historical Tribes................................................................................... 13 History of Investigations at Lake Koshkonong............................................................. 15 Carcajou Point (47JE002; 47JE812; 47JE813; 47JE814). ........................................ 20 Crabapple Point (47JE93).......................................................................................... 20 Hearthstone (47JE89) ................................................................................................ 21 Twin Knolls (47JE379) ............................................................................................. 22 Crescent Bay Hunt Club (47JE904) .......................................................................... 22 Chapter 2........................................................................................................................... 29 Crescent Bay GIS Analysis........................................................................................... 29 Defining functions and ethnographic analogies............................................................ 30 Shovel Probe versus Feature Distribution..................................................................... 40 Site Layout .................................................................................................................... 47 Problem ......................................................................................................................... 65 Chapter 3........................................................................................................................... 67 Radiocarbon Dates ........................................................................................................ 67 Ceramic and Lithic Distribution.................................................................................... 76 Floral and Faunal Distribution ...................................................................................... 98 Chapter 4......................................................................................................................... 125 Discussion and Conclusion ......................................................................................... 125 GIS as a Tool for Managing Archaeological Data...................................................... 129 v References Cited............................................................................................................. 132 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Oneota around Lake Koshkonong (Shapefile and attribute tables derived from the Wisconsin Historic Preservation Database were provided by the Historic Preservation-Public History Division of the Wisconsin Historical Society; Hearthstone from Rodell (1984). .......................................................................................................... 19 Figure 1.2 1887 plat map (H.R. Page & Co. 1887:86). .................................................... 24 Figure 1.3 Topographic relief of the Crescent Bay Hunt Club site. ................................. 26 Figure 1.4 Agricultural potential near the Crescent Bay Hunt Club site (Edwards 2010). ........................................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 1.5 Location of excavation units on aerial photograph (circa 1996)..................... 28 Figure 2.1 Depth (cm) of pit features below plow zone. .................................................. 32 Figure 2.2 Feature distribution by type............................................................................. 34 Figure 2.3 Formulae for feature volume estimation (McElrath et al. 1987:74)................ 36 Figure 2.4 Distribution of estimated feature volumes in liters. ........................................ 38 Figure 2.5 Approximate distribution of positive shovel probes versus areas excavated..41 Figure 2.6 Approximation of site extent based upon positive shovel probes. .................. 42 Figure 2.7 Distribution of ceramic materials: shovel probe versus unit density. ............. 44 Figure 2.8 Distribution of lithic debitage: shovel probe versus unit density.................... 45 Figure 2.9 Shovel probes containing both ceramics and lithic debitage........................... 46 Figure 2.10 1968 map of southeast house (Gibbon 1968). Dotted line represents extent of excavations........................................................................................................................ 48 Figure 2.11 1998 block excavations. Unidentified features are from 1968 excavations (Gaff 1998b:Figure 7)....................................................................................................... 49 Figure 2.12 Western house. .............................................................................................. 51 Figure 2.13 Central portion of site.................................................................................... 55 vii Figure 2.14 Top is a north-south trending trench, interpreted as the western wall of the house. Bottom is an east-west trending trench interpreted as the southern wall of the house. ................................................................................................................................56 Figure 2.15 Wall trenches and postmolds......................................................................... 58 Figure 2.16 House 3 from Tremaine (Redrawn from O’Gorman 1996: Figure 8)........... 61 Figure 2.17 Central Structure (Longhouse 1). .................................................................. 62 Figure 3.1 Spatial distribution of radiocarbon dates at Crescent Bay............................... 68 Figure 3.2 Dates from Wood Charcoal (Calibrated with Stuiver and Reimer 1993). ...... 73 Figure 3.3 Dates from Annuals (Calibrated by Stuiver and Reimer 1993). ..................... 73 Figure 3.4 Dates from food residue (calibrated byStuiver and Reimer 1993) ................. 74 Figure 3.5 Nineteen of the 20 Crescent Bay Radiocarbon Dates at 99% Probability (Calibrated by Stuiver and Reimer 1993). ........................................................................ 75 Figure 3.6 Ceramic density plotted against Liters of soil processed. ............................... 77 Figure 3.7 Debitage density plotted against Liters of soil processed. .............................. 77 Figure 3.8 Debitage density of feature flotation. .............................................................. 79 Figure 3.9 Total debitage recovered from features........................................................... 80 Figure 3.10 Chipped stone tools recovered from features. ............................................... 82 Figure 3.11 Density of ceramics from feature flotation.................................................... 84 Figure 3.12 Ceramics recovered from features by weight................................................ 85 Figure 3.13 Distribution
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