Roster of the United Nations 1041

Appendix I Roster of the United Nations (As at 31 December 1976)

DATE OF ADMIS- DATE OF ADMIS- DATE OF ADMIS- MEMBER SION TO U.N. MEMBER SION TO U.N. MEMBER SION TO U.N. Afghanistan 19 Nov. 1946 Ghana 8 Mar. 1957 Paraguay 24 Oct. 1945 Albania 14 Dec. 1955 Greece 25 Oct. 1945 Peru 31 Oct. 1945 Algeria 8 Oct. 1962 Grenada 17 Sep. 1974 Philippines 24 Oct. 1945 Angola 1 Dec. 1976 Guatemala 21 Nov. 1945 Poland 24 Oct. 1945 Argentina 24 Oct. 1945 Guinea 12 Dec. 1958 Portugal 14 Dec. 1955 Australia 1 Nov. 1945 Guinea-Bissau 17 Sep. 1974 Qatar 21 Sep. 1971 Austria 14 Dec. 1955 Guyana 20 Sep. 1966 Romania 14 Dec. 1955 Bahamas 18 Sep. 1973 Haiti 24 Oct. 1945 Rwanda 18 Sep. 1962 Bahrain 21 Sep. 1971 Honduras 17 Dec. 1945 Samoa 15 Dec. 1976 Bangladesh 17 Sep. 1974 Hungary 14 Dec. 1955 Sao Tome and Barbados 9 Dec. 1966 Iceland 19 Dec. 1946 Principe 16 Sep. 1975 Belgium 27 Dec. 1945 India 30 Oct. 1945 Saudi Arabia 24 Oct. 1945 4 Benin 20 Sep. 1960 Indonesia 28 Sep. 1950 Senegal 28 Sep. 1960 Bhutan 21 Sep. 1971 Iran 24 Oct. 1945 Seychelles 21 Sep. 1976 Bolivia 14 Nov. 1945 Iraq 21 Dec. 1945 Sierra Leone 27 Sep. 1961 5 Botswana 17 Oct. 1966 Ireland 14 Dec. 1955 Singapore 21 Sep. 1965 Brazil 24 Oct. 1945 Israel 11 May 1949 Somalia 20 Sep. 1960 Bulgaria 14 Dec. 1955 Italy 14 Dec. 1955 South Africa 7 Nov. 1945 Burma 19 Apr. 1948 Ivory Coast 20 Sep. 1960 Spain 14 Dec. 1955 Burundi 18 Sep. 1962 Jamaica 18 Sep. 1962 Sri Lanka 14 Dec. 1955 Byelorussian Soviet Japan 18 Dec. 1956 Sudan 12 Nov. 1956 Socialist Republic 24 Oct. 1945 Jordan 14 Dec. 1955 Surinam 4 Dec. 1975 Canada 9 Nov. 1945 Kenya 16 Dec. 1963 Swaziland 24 Sep. 1968 Cape Verde 16 Sep. 1975 Kuwait 14 May 1963 Sweden 19 Nov. 1946 Central African Lao People's Syrian Arab Empire1 20 Sep. 1960 Democratic Republic 14 Dec. 1955 Republic3 24 Oct. 1945 Chad 20 Sep. 1960 Lebanon 24 Oct. 1945 Thailand 16 Dec. 1946 Chile 24 Oct. 1945 Lesotho 17 Oct. 1966 Togo 20 Sep. 1960 China 24 Oct. 1945 Liberia 2 Nov. 1945 Trinidad and Colombia 5 Nov. 1945 Libyan Arab Republic 14 Dec. 1955 Tobago 18 Sep. 1962 Comoros 12 Nov. 1975 Luxembourg 24 Oct. 1945 Tunisia 12 Nov. 1956 Congo 20 Sep. 1960 Madagascar 20 Sep. 1960 Turkey 24 Oct. 1945 Costa Rica 2 Nov. 1945 Malawi 1 Dec. 1964 Uganda 25 Oct. 1962 Cuba 24 Oct. 1945 Malaysia5 17 Sep. 1957 Ukrainian Soviet Cyprus 20 Sep. 1960 Maldives 21 Sep. 1965 Socialist Republic 24 Oct. 1945 Czechoslovakia 24 Oct. 1945 Mali 28 Sep. 1960 Union of Soviet Democratic Kampuchea2 14 Dec. 1955 Malta 1 Dec. 1964 Socialist Republics 24 Oct. 1945 Democratic Yemen 14 Dec. 1967 Mauritania 27 Oct. 1961 United Arab Emirates 9 Dec. 1971 Denmark 24 Oct. 1945 Mauritius 24 Apr. 1968 United Kingdom Dominican Republic 24 Oct. 1945 Mexico 7 Nov. 1945 of Great Britain and Ecuador 21 Dec. 1945 Mongolia 27 Oct. 1961 Northern Ireland 24 Oct. 1945 Egypt3 24 Oct. 1945 Morocco 12 Nov. 1956 United Republic El Salvador 24 Oct. 1945 Mozambique 16 Sep. 1975 of Cameroon 20 Sep. 1960 Equatorial Guinea 12 Nov. 1968 14 Dec. 1955 United Republic Nepal 6 Ethiopia 13 Nov. 1945 Netherlands 10 Dec. 1945 of Tanzania 14 Dec. 1961 Fiji 13 Oct. 1970 New Zealand 24 Oct. 1945 United States Finland 14 Dec. 1955 Nicaragua 24 Oct. 1945 of America 24 Oct. 1945 France 24 Oct. 1945 Niger 20 Sep. 1960 Upper Volta 20 Sep. 1960 Gabon 20 Sep. 1960 Nigeria 7 Oct. 1960 Uruguay 18 Dec. 1945 Gambia 21 Sep. 1965 Norway 27 Nov. 1945 Venezuela 15 Nov. 1945 German Democratic Oman 7 Oct. 1971 Yemen 30 Sep. 1947 Republic 18 Sep. 1973 Pakistan 30 Sep. 1947 Yugoslavia 24 Oct. 1945 Germany, Federal Panama 13 Nov. 1945 Zaire 20 Sep. 1960 Republic of 18 Sep. 1973 Papua New Guinea 10 Oct. 1975 Zambia 1 Dec. 1964

1 By a letter of 20 December 1976, the Central African Republic advised that it had changed its name to the Central African Empire. 2 Cambodia changed its name to Democratic Kampuchea on 6 April 1976. 3 Egypt and Syria, both of which became Members of the United Nations on 24 October 1945, joined together—following a plebiscite held in those countries on 21 February 1958—to form the United Arab Republic. On 13 October 1961, the Syrian Arab Republic, having (footnotes continued on next page) 1042 Appendix I

(Footnotes—continued from preceding page) resumed its status as an independent State, also resumed its separate membership in the United Nations. The United Arab Republic continued as a Member of the United Nations and reverted to the name of Egypt on 2 September 1971. 4 By a letter of 20 January 1965, Indonesia informed the Secretary-General that it had decided to withdraw from the United Nations By a telegram of 19 September 1966, it notified the Secretary-General of its decision to resume participation in the activities of the United Nations. On 28 September 1966, the General Assembly took note of that decision and the President invited the representatives of Indonesia to take their seats in the Assembly. 5 On 16 September 1963, Sabah (North Borneo), Sarawak and Singapore joined with the Federation of Malaya (which became a United Nations Member on 17 September 1957) to form Malaysia. On 9 August 1965, Singapore became an independent State and on 21 September 1965 it became a Member of the United Nations. 6 Tanganyika was a Member of the United Nations from 14 December 1961, and Zanzibar, from 16 December 1963. Following the ratification, on 26 April 1964, of Articles of Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar continued as a single Member of the United Nations; on 1 November 1964, it changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania. The Charter of the United Nations 1043

Appendix II The Charter of the United Nations and the Statute of the International Court of Justice

The Charter of the United Nations

NOTE: The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June (formerly seven), including the concurring votes of the five perma- 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations nent members of the Security Council. Conference on International Organization, and came into force on The amendment to Article 61, which entered into force on 31 24 October 1945. The Statute of the International Court of Justice August 1965, enlarged the membership of the Economic and So- is an integral part of the Charter. cial Council from 18 to 27. The subsequent amendment to that Article, which entered into force on 24 September 1973, further increased the membership of the Council from 27 to 54. Amendments to Articles 23, 27 and 61 of the Charter were The amendment to Article 109, which relates to the first para- adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 1963 and graph of that Article, provides that a General Conference of Mem- came into force on 31 August 1965. A further amendment to Article ber States for the purpose of reviewing the Charter may be held 61 was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 1971, at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members and came into force on 24 September 1973. An amendment to of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine members Article 109, adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December (formerly seven) of the Security Council. Paragraph 3 of Article 1965, came into force on 12 June 1968. 109, which deals with the consideration of a possible review con- The amendment to Article 23 enlarges the membership of the ference during the tenth regular session of the General Assembly, Security Council from 11 to 15. The amended Article 27 provides has been retained in its original form in its reference to a "vote of that decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall any seven members of the Security Council," the paragraph hav- be made by an affirmative vote of nine members (formerly seven) ing been acted upon in 1955 by the General Assembly, at its tenth and on all other matters by an affirmative vote of nine members regular session, and by the Security Council.

WE THE PEOPLES Chapter I OF THE UNITED NATIONS PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES DETERMINED to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which Article 1 twice in our life-time has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and The Purposes of the United Nations are: to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and 1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and to take effective collective measures for the prevention and re- women and of nations large and small, and moval of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by obligations arising from treaties and other sources of interna- peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and tional law can be maintained, and international law, adjustment or settlement of international dis- to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger putes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace; freedom, 2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on re- spect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of AND FOR THESE ENDS peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another universal peace; as good neighbours, and 3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian charac- and ter, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the com- sex, language, or religion; and mon interest, and 4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the to employ international machinery for the promotion of the eco- attainment of these common ends. nomic and social advancement of all peoples, Article 2 HAVE RESOLVED TO The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Princi- ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS ples. Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representa- 1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign tives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited equality of all its Members. their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed 2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfil in good faith the establish an international organization to be known as the United obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Char- Nations. ter. 1044 Appendix II

3. All Members shall settle their International disputes by Chapter IV peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY security, and justice, are not endangered. 4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from Composition the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent Article 9 with the Purposes of the United Nations. 1. The General Assembly shall consist of all the Members of the 5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assist- United Nations. ance in any action it takes in accordance with the present 2. Each Member shall have not more than five representatives Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state in the General Assembly. against which the United Nations is taking preventive or en- forcement action. Functions and powers 6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Mem- bers of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles Article 10 so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international The General Assembly may discuss any questions or any mat- peace and security. ters within the scope of the present Charter or relating to the 7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within Charter, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recom- the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members mendations to the Members of the United Nations or to the Secu- to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; rity Council or to both on any such questions or matters. but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII. Article 11 1. The General Assembly may consider the general principles Chapter II of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and se- MEMBERSHIP curity, including the principles governing disarmament and the reg- ulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with re- Article 3 gard to such principles to the Members or to the Security Council The original Members of the United Nations shall be the or to both. states which, having participated in the United Nations Confer- 2. The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating to ence on International Organization at San Francisco, or having the maintenance of international peace and security brought be- previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 Janu- fore it by any Member of the United Nations, or by the Security ary 1942, sign the present Charter and ratify it in accordance Council, or by a state which is not a Member of the United Nations with Article 110. in accordance with Article 35, paragraph 2, and, except as pro- vided in Article 12, may make recommendations with regard to any Article 4 such questions to the state or states concerned or to the Security 1. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace- Council or to both. Any such question on which action is necessary loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present shall be referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and either before or after discussion. willing to carry out these obligations. 3. The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security 2. The admission of any such state to membership in the United Council to situations which are likely to endanger international Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assembly peace and security. upon the recommendation of the Security Council. 4. The powers of the General Assembly set forth in this Article shall not limit the general scope of Article 10. Article S A Member of the United Nations against which preventive or Article 12 enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may 1. While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of dispute or situation the functions assigned to it in the present Char- membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation ter, the General Assembly shall not make any recommendation of the Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privileges with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security Council may be restored by the Security Council. so requests. 2. The Secretary-General, with the consent of the Security Article 6 Council, shall notify the General Assembly at each session of A Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated any matters relative to the maintenance of international peace the Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled and security which are being dealt with by the Security Council from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the recom- and shall similarly notify the General Assembly, or the Mem- mendation of the Security Council. bers of the United Nations if the General Assembly is not in session, immediately the Security Council ceases to deal with Chapter III such matters. ORGANS Article 13 Article 7 1. The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recom- 1. There are established as the principal organs of the United mendations for the purpose of: Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic a. promoting international co-operation in the political field and and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court encouraging the progressive development of international of Justice, and a Secretariat. law and its codification; 2. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be b. promoting international co-operation in the economic, social, established in accordance with the present Charter. cultural, educational, and health fields, and assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all Article 8 without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion. The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of 2. The further responsibilities, functions and powers of the Gen- men and women to participate in any capacity and under condi- eral Assembly with respect to matters mentioned in paragraph tions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs. 1 (b) above are set forth in Chapters IX and X. The Charter of the United Nations 1045

Article 14 Article 21 Subject to the provisions of Article 12, the General Assembly The General Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure. may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment of any It shall elect its President for each session. situation, regardless of origin, which it deems likely to impair the general welfare or friendly relations among nations, including situations resulting from a violation of the provisions of the present Article 22 Charter setting forth the Purposes and Principles of the United The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as Nations. it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.

Article 15 1. The General Assembly shall receive and consider annual and Chapter V special reports from the Security Council; these reports shall in- THE SECURITY COUNCIL clude an account of the measures that the Security Council has decided upon or taken to maintain international peace and secu- Composition rity. 2. The General Assembly shall receive and consider reports from the other organs of the United Nations. Article 231 1. The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the Article 16 United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet The General Assembly shall perform such functions with respect Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and North- to the international trusteeship system as are assigned to it under ern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be permanent Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the trusteeship members of the Security Council. The General Assembly shall agreements for areas not designated as strategic. elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non-perma- nent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially Article 17 paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the 1. The General Assembly shall consider and approve the bud- United Nations to the maintenance of international peace and se- get of the Organization. curity and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to 2. The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Mem- equitable geographical distribution. bers as apportioned by the General Assembly. 2. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be 3. The General Assembly shall consider and approve any finan- elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non- cial and budgetary arrangements with specialized agencies re- permanent members after the increase of the membership of the ferred to in Article 57 and shall examine the administrative budgets Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional of such specialized agencies with a view to making recommenda- members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member tions to the agencies concerned. shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. 3. Each member of the Security Council shall have one repre- Voting sentative. Article 18 1. Each member of the General Assembly shall have one vote. 2. Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions Functions and powers shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and se- Article 24 curity, the election of the non-permanent members of the Secu- 1. In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United rity Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary re- Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship sponsibility for the maintenance of international peace and secu- Council in accordance with paragraph 1 (c) of Article 86, the ad- rity, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility mission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension the Security Council acts on their behalf. of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of 2. In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Na- system, and budgetary questions. tions. The specific powers granted to the Security Council for the 3. Decisions on other questions, including the determination of discharge of these duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, VIII, and additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds XII. majority, shall be made by a majority of the members present and 3. The Security Council shall submit annual and. when nec- voting. essary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consid- eration. Article 19 A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its ar- 1 Amended text of Article 23 which came into force on 31 August 1965. rears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due (The text of Article 23 before it was amended read as follows: 1. The Security Council shall consist of eleven Members of the United from it for the preceding two full years. The General Assembly Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub- may, nevertheless, permit such a Member to vote if it is satis- lics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United fied that the failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the con- States of America shall be permanent members of the Security Council. The trol of the Member. General Assembly shall elect six other Members of the United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being specially Procedure paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members of the United Nations Article 20 to the maintenance of international peace and security and to the other pur- poses of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution. The General Assembly shall meet in regular annual sessions 2. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elected and in such special sessions as occasion may require. Special for a term of two years. In the first election of non-permanent members, sessions shall be convoked by the Secretary-General at the re- however, three shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring member shall quest of the Security Council or of a majority of the Members of not be eligible for immediate re-election. the United Nations. 3. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representative.) 1046 Appendix II

Article 25 cies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice. The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry 2. The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means. present Charter. Article 34 Article 26 The Security Council may investigate any dispute, or any situa- In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of inter- tion which might lead to international friction or give rise to a dis- national peace and security with the least diversion for armaments pute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute of the world's human and economic resources, the Security Coun- or situation is likely to endanger the maintenance of international cil shall be responsible for formulating, with the assistance of the peace and security. Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, plans to be sub- mitted to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment Article 35 of a system for the regulation of armaments. 1. Any Member of the United Nations may bring any dispute, or any situation of the nature referred to in Article 34, to the attention Voting of the Security Council or of the General Assembly. 2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may Article 272 bring to the attention of the Security Council or of the General 1. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. Assembly any dispute to which it is a party if it accepts in advance, 2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall for the purposes of the dispute, the obligations of pacific settlement be made by an affirmative vote of nine members. provided in the present Charter. 3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be 3. The proceedings of the General Assembly in respect of mat- made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concur- ters brought to its attention under this Article will be subject to the ring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions provisions of Articles 11 and 12. under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting. Article 36 1. The Security Council may, at any stage of a dispute of the Procedure nature referred to in Article 33 or of a situation of like nature, recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment. Article 28 2. The Security Council should take into consideration any 1. The Security Council shall be so organized as to be able to procedures for the settlement of the dispute which have already function continuously. Each member of the Security Council shall been adopted by the parties. for this purpose be represented at all times at the seat of the 3. In making recommendations under this Article the Security Organization. Council should also take into consideration that legal disputes 2. The Security Council shall hold periodic meetings at which should as a general rule be referred by the parties to the Interna- each of its members may, if it so desires, be represented by a tional Court of Justice in accordance with the provisions of the member of the government or by some other specially designated Statute of the Court. representative. 3. The Security Council may hold meetings at such places other Article 37 than the seat of the Organization as in its judgment will best facili- 1. Should the parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in tate its work. Article 33 fail to settle it by the means indicated in that Article, they shall refer it to the Security Council. Article 29 2. If the Security Council deems that the continuance of the The Security Council may establish such subsidiary organs as dispute is in fact likely to endanger the maintenance of interna- it deems necessary for the performance of its functions. tional peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action under Article 36 or to recommend such terms of settlement as it Article 30 may consider appropriate. The Security Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President. Article 38 Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 33 to 37, the Article 31 Security Council may, if all the parties to any dispute so request, Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the make recommendations to the parties with a view to a pacific Security Council may participate, without vote, in the discussion of settlement of the dispute. any question brought before the Security Council whenever the latter considers that the interests of that Member are specially Chapter VII affected. ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS TO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF THE PEACE, Article 32 AND ACTS OF AGGRESSION Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of the Security Council or any state which is not a Member of the United Article 39 Nations, if it is a party to a dispute under consideration by the The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat Security Council, shall be invited to participate, without vote, in the to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall discussion relating to the dispute. The Security Council shall lay make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken down such conditions as it deems just for the participation of a state which is not a Member of the United Nations.

Chapter VI 2 Amended text of Article 27 which came into force on 31 August 1965. PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES (The text of Article 27 before it was amended read as follows: 1. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. Article 33 2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of seven members. 1. The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely 3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security, an affirmative vote of seven members including the concurring votes of the shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and unde conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agen- paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.) The Charter of the United Nations 1047 in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore inter- Security Council's military requirements for the maintenance of national peace and security. international peace and security, the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal, the regulation of armaments, and Article 40 possible disarmament. In order to prevent an aggravation of the situation, the Security 2. The Military Staff Committee shall consist of the Chiefs of Council may, before making the recommendations or deciding Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call upon the parties representatives. Any Member of the United Nations not perma- concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems nently represented on the Committee shall be invited by the Com- necessary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be with- mittee to be associated with it when the efficient discharge of the out prejudice to the rights, claims, or position of the parties con- Committee's responsibilities requires the participation of that cerned. The Security Council shall duly take account of failure to Member in its work. comply with such provisional measures. 3. The Military Staff Committee shall be responsible under the Security Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces Article 41 placed at the disposal of the Security Council. Questions relating The Security Council may decide what measures not involving to the command of such forces shall be worked out subsequently. the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its 4. The Military Staff Committee, with the authorization of the decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Nations Security Council and after consultation with appropriate regional to apply such measures. These may include complete or partial agencies, may establish regional subcommittees. interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, tele- graphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the sever- Article 48 ance of diplomatic relations. 1. The action required to carry out the decisions of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security Article 42 shall be taken by all the Members of the United Nations or by some Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for of them, as the Security Council may determine. in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, 2. Such decisions shall be carried out by the Members of the it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be United Nations directly and through their action in the appropriate necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. international agencies of which they are members. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other op- erations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Article 49 Nations. The Members of the United Nations shall join in affording mutual assistance in carrying out the measures decided upon by the Se- Article 43 curity Council. 1. All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, undertake to Article 50 make available to the Security Council, on its call and in accord- If preventive or enforcement measures against any state are ance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, as- taken by the Security Council, any other state, whether a Member sistance, and facilities, including rights of passage, necessary for of the United Nations or not, which finds itself confronted with the purpose of maintaining international peace and security. special economic problems arising from the carrying out of those 2. Such agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers measures shall have the right to consult the Security Council with and types of forces, their degree of readiness and general location, regard to a solution of those problems. and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided. 3. The agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon as Article 51 possible on the initiative of the Security Council. They shall be Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of concluded between the Security Council and Members or between individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs the Security Council and groups of Members and shall be subject against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council to ratification by the signatory states in accordance with their re- has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace spective constitutional processes. and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security Article 44 Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and responsi- When the Security Council has decided to use force it shall, bility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at before calling upon a Member not represented on it to provide any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain armed forces in fulfilment of the obligations assumed under Article or restore international peace and security. 43, invite that Member, if the Member so desires, to participate in the decisions of the Security Council concerning the employment Chapter VIII of contingents of that Member's armed forces. REGIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Article 45 Article 52 In order to enable the United Nations to take urgent military 1. Nothing in the present Charter precludes the existence of measures, Members shall hold immediately available national air- regional arrangements or agencies for dealing with such matters force contingents for combined international enforcement action. relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as The strength and degree of readiness of these contingents and are appropriate for regional action, provided that such arrange- plans for their combined action shall be determined, within the ments or agencies and their activities are consistent with the Pur- limits laid down in the special agreement or agreements referred poses and Principles of the United Nations. to in Article 43, by the Security Council with the assistance of the 2. The Members of the United Nations entering into such ar- Military Staff Committee. rangements or constituting such agencies shall make every effort to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes through such re- Article 46 gional arrangements or by such regional agencies before referring Plans for the application of armed force shall be made by the them to the Security Council. Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Commit- 3. The Security Council shall encourage the development of tee. pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional arrange- ments or by such regional agencies either on the initiative of the Article 47 states concerned or by reference from the Security Council. 1. There shall be established a Military Staff Committee to ad- 4. This Article in no way impairs the application of Articles 34 vise and assist the Security Council on all questions relating to the and 35. 1048 Appendix II

Article S3 Chapter X 1. The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize such THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement action under its authority. But no enforcement action shall be taken under re- Composition gional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authoriza- tion of the Security Council, with the exception of measures against Article 613 any enemy state, as defined in paragraph 2 of this Article, provided 1. The Economic and Social Council shall consist of fifty-four for pursuant to Article 107 or in regional arrangements directed Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly. against renewal of aggressive policy on the part of any such state, 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, eighteen members until such time as the Organization may, on request of the Govern- of the Economic and Social Council shall be elected each year for ments concerned, be charged with the responsibility for preventing a term of three years. A retiring member shall be eligible for imme- further aggression by such a state. diate re-election. 2. The term enemy state as used in paragraph 1 of this Article 3. At the first election after the increase in the membership of applies to any state which during the Second World War has been the Economic and Social Council from twenty-seven to fifty-four an enemy of any signatory of the present Charter. members, in addition to the members elected in place of the nine members whose term of office expires at the end of that year, Article 54 twenty-seven additional members shall be elected. Of these The Security Council shall at all times be kept fully informed of twenty-seven additional members, the term of office of nine mem- activities undertaken or in contemplation under regional arrange- bers so elected shall expire at the end of one year, and of nine ments or by regional agencies for the maintenance of international other members at the end of two years, in accordance with ar- peace and security. rangements made by the General Assembly. 4. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have Chapter IX one representative. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CO-OPERATION Functions and powers Article 55 With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well- Article 62 being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations 1. The Economic and Social Council may make or initiate stud- among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights ies and reports with respect to international economic, social, cul- and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall pro- tural, educational, health, and related matters and may make mote: recommendations with respect to any such matters to the General a. higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of Assembly, to the Members of the United Nations, and to the spe- economic and social progress and development; cialized agencies concerned. b. solutions of international economic, social, health, and 2. It may make recommendations for the purpose of promoting related problems; and international cultural and educational respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental co-operation; and freedoms for all. c. universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and 3. It may prepare draft conventions for submission to the Gen- fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, eral Assembly, with respect to matters falling within its compe- sex, language, or religion. tence. 4. It may call, in accordance with the rules prescribed by the Article 56 United Nations, international conferences on matters falling within All Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate ac- its competence. tion in co-operation with the Organization for the achievement of the purposes set forth in Article 55. Article 63 Article 57 1. The Economic and Social Council may enter into agreements 1. The various specialized agencies, established by intergov- with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining the terms ernmental agreement and having wide international responsibili- on which the agency concerned shall be brought into relationship ties, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be subject to ap- cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought proval by the General Assembly. into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the 2. It may co-ordinate the activities of the specialized agencies provisions of Article 63. 2. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies.

Article 58 3 Amended text of Article 61, which came into force on 24 September 1973. The Organization shall make recommendations for the (The text of Article 61 as previously amended on 31 August 1965 read as co-ordination of the policies and activities of the specialized follows: agencies. 1. The Economic and Social Council shall consist of twenty-seven Mem- Article 59 bers of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly. 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, nine members of the Eco- The Organization shall, where appropriate, initiate negotiations nomic and Social Council shall be elected each year for a term of three years. among the states concerned for the creation of any new special- A retiring member shall be eligible for immediate re-election. ized agencies required for the accomplishment of the purposes set 3. At the first election after the increase in the membership of the Eco- forth in Article 55. nomic and Social Council from eighteen to twenty-seven members, in addition to the members elected in place of the six members whose term of office Article 60 expires at the end of that year, nine additional members shall be elected. Of Responsibility for the discharge of the functions of the Organiza- these nine additional members, the term of office of three members so elected shall expire at the end of one year, and of three other members at the end tion set forth in this Chapter shall be vested in the General Assem- of two years, in accordance with arrangements made by the General Assem- bly and, under the authority of the General Assembly, in the Eco- bly. nomic and Social Council, which shall have for this purpose the 4. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one powers set forth in Chapter X. representative.) The Charter of the United Nations 1049 through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies Chapter XI and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the DECLARATION REGARDING Members of the United Nations. NON-SELF-GOVERNING TERRITORIES

Article 64 Article 73 1. The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate Members of the United Nations which have or assume respon- steps to obtain regular reports from the specialized agencies. It sibilities for the administration of territories whose peoples have may make arrangements with the Members of the United Nations not yet attained a full measure of self-government recognize the and with the specialized agencies to obtain reports on the steps principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are taken to give effect to its own recommendations and to recommen- paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation to promote dations on matters falling within its competence made by the Gen- to the utmost, within the system of international peace and security eral Assembly. established by the present Charter, the well-being of the inhabi- 2. It may communicate its observations on these reports to the tants of these territories, and, to this end: General Assembly. a. to ensure, with due respect for the culture of the peoples concerned, their political, economic, social, and educational Article 65 advancement, their just treatment, and their protection The Economic and Social Council may furnish information to the against abuses; Security Council and shall assist the Security Council upon its b. to develop self-government, to take due account of the request. political aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the progressive development of their free political institu- Article 66 tions, according to the particular circumstances of each 1. The Economic and Social Council shall perform such func- territory and its peoples and their varying stages of ad- tions as fall within its competence in connexion with the carrying vancement; out of the recommendations of the General Assembly. c. to further international peace and security; 2. It may, with the approval of the General Assembly, perform d. to promote constructive measures of development, to en- services at the request of Members of the United Nations and at courage research, and to co-operate with one another the request of specialized agencies. and, when and where appropriate, with specialized interna- 3. It shall perform such other functions as are specified else- tional bodies with a view to the practical achievement of where in the present Charter or as may be assigned to it by the the social, economic, and scientific purposes set forth in General Assembly. this Article; and e. to transmit regularly to the Secretary-General for information Voting purposes, subject to such limitation as security and constitu- Article 67 tional considerations may require, statistical and other infor- 1. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have mation of a technical nature relating to economic, social, and one vote. educational conditions in the territories for which they are 2. Decisions of the Economic and Social Council shall be made respectively responsible other than those territories to which by a majority of the members present and voting. Chapters XII and XIII apply.

Procedure Article 74 Article 68 Members of the United Nations also agree that their policy in The Economic and Social Council shall set up commissions in respect of the territories to which this Chapter applies, no less than economic and social fields and for the promotion of human rights, in respect of their metropolitan areas, must be based on the gen- and such other commissions as may be required for the perform- eral principle of good-neighbourliness, due account being taken of ance of its functions. the interests and well-being of the rest of the world, in social, economic, and commercial matters. Article 69 The Economic and Social Council shall invite any Member of the United Nations to participate, without vote, in its deliberations on any matter of particular concern to that Member. Article 75 Article 70 The United Nations shall establish under its authority an interna- The Economic and Social Council may make arrangements for tional trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of representatives of the specialized agencies to participate, without such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent indi- vote, in its deliberations and in those of the commissions estab- vidual agreements. These territories are hereinafter referred to as lished by it, and for its representatives to participate in the delibera- trust territories. tions of the specialized agencies. Article 76 The basic objectives of the trusteeship system, in accordance Article 71 with the Purposes of the United Nations laid down in Article 1 of The Economic and Social Council may make suitable arrange- the present Charter, shall be: ments for consultation with non-governmental organizations which a. to further international peace and security; are concerned with matters within its competence. Such arrange- b. to promote the political, economic, social, and educational ments may be made with international organizations and, where advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories, and appropriate, with national organizations after consultation with the their progressive development towards self-government or Member of the United Nations concerned. independence as may be appropriate to the particular cir- cumstances of each territory and its peoples and the Article 72 freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned, and as 1. The Economic and Social Council shall adopt its own rules of may be provided by the terms of each trusteeship agree- procedure, including the method of selecting its President. ment; 2. The Economic and Social Council shall meet as required c. to encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental in accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, the convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its or religion, and to encourage recognition of the interdepend- members. ence of the peoples of the world; and 1050 Appendix II

d. to ensure equal treatment in social, economic, and commer- Article 84 cial matters for all Members of the United Nations and their It shall be the duty of the administering authority to ensure that nationals, and also equal treatment for the latter in the ad- the trust territory shall play its part in the maintenance of interna- ministration of justice, without prejudice to the attainment of tional peace and security. To this end the administering authority the foregoing objectives and subject to the provisions of Arti- may make use of volunteer forces, facilities, and assistance from cle 80. the trust territory in carrying out the obligations towards the Secu- Article 77 rity Council undertaken in this regard by the administering author- 1. The trusteeship system shall apply to such territories in the ity, as well as for local defence and the maintenance of law and following categories as may be placed thereunder by means of order within the trust territory. trusteeship agreements: a. territories now held under mandate; Article 85 b. territories which may be detached from enemy states as a 1. The functions of the United Nations with regard to trusteeship result of the Second World War; and agreements for all areas not designated as strategic, including the c. territories voluntarily placed under the system by states re- approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their sponsible for their administration. alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the General As- 2. It will be a matter for subsequent agreement as to which sembly. territories in the foregoing categories will be brought under the 2. The Trusteeship Council, operating under the authority of the trusteeship system and upon what terms. General Assembly, shall assist the General Assembly in carrying out these functions. Article 78 The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which Chapter XIII have become Members of the United Nations, relationship THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL among which shall be based on respect for the principle of sov- ereign equality. Composition

Article 79 Article 86 The terms of trusteeship for each territory to be placed under the 1. The Trusteeship Council shall consist of the following Mem- trusteeship system, including any alteration or amendment, shall bers of the United Nations: be agreed upon by the states directly concerned, including the a. those Members administering trust territories; mandatory power in the case of territories held under mandate by b. such of those Members mentioned by name in Article 23 as a Member of the United Nations, and shall be approved as pro- are not administering trust territories; and vided for in Articles 83 and 85. c. as many other Members elected for three-year terms by the General Assembly as may be necessary to ensure that the Article 80 total number of members of the Trusteeship Council is 1. Except as may be agreed upon in individual trusteeship equally divided between those Members of the United Na- agreements, made under Articles 77, 79, and 81, placing each tions which administer trust territories and those which do not. territory under the trusteeship system, and until such agreements 2. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall designate one have been concluded, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed specially qualified person to represent it therein. in or of itself to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any states or any peoples or the terms of existing international instru- Functions and powers ments to which Members of the United Nations may respectively be parties. Article 87 2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be interpreted as giving The General Assembly and, under its authority, the Trusteeship grounds for delay or postponement of the negotiation and conclu- Council, in carrying out their functions, may: sion of agreements for placing mandated and other territories a. consider reports submitted by the administering authority; under the trusteeship system as provided for in Article 77. b. accept petitions and examine them in consultation with the administering authority; Article 81 c. provide for periodic visits to the respective trust territories at The trusteeship agreement shall in each case include the times agreed upon with the administering authority; and terms under which the trust territory will be administered and d. take these and other actions in conformity with the terms of designate the authority which will exercise the administration of the trusteeship agreements. the trust territory. Such authority, hereinafter called the adminis- tering authority, may be one or more states or the Organization Article 88 itself. The Trusteeship Council shall formulate a questionnaire on the political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the Article 82 inhabitants of each trust territory, and the administering authority There may be designated, in any trusteeship agreement, a stra- for each trust territory within the competence of the General As- tegic area or areas which may include part or all of the trust sembly shall make an annual report to the General Assembly upon territory to which the agreement applies, without prejudice to any the basis of such questionnaire. special agreement or agreements made under Article 43. Voting Article 83 1. All functions of the United Nations relating to strategic areas, Article 89 including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements 1. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall have one and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the vote. Security Council. 2. Decisions of the Trusteeship Council shall be made by a 2. The basic objectives set forth in Article 76 shall be applicable majority of the members present and voting. to the people of each strategic area. 3. The Security Council shall, subject to the provisions of the Procedure trusteeship agreements and without prejudice to security consider- ations, avail itself of the assistance of the Trusteeship Council to Article 90 perform those functions of the United Nations under the trustee- 1. The Trusteeship Council shall adopt its own rules of proce- ship system relating to political, economic, social, and educational dure, including the method of selecting its President. matters in the strategic areas. 2. The Trusteeship Council shall meet as required in accord- The Charter of the United Nations 1051 ance with its rules, which shall include provision for the convening Article 100 of meetings on the request of a majority of its members. 1. In the performance of their duties the Secretary-General and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any govern- Article 91 ment or from any other authority external to the Organization. They The Trusteeship Council shall, when appropriate, avail itself of shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their position the assistance of the Economic and Social Council and of the as international officials responsible only to the Organization. specialized agencies in regard to matters with which they are 2. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to respect respectively concerned. the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influ- Chapter XIV ence them in the discharge of their responsibilities. THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE Article 101 Article 92 1. The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General under The International Court of Justice shall be the principal judicial regulations established by the General Assembly. organ of the United Nations. It shall function in accordance with the 2. Appropriate staffs shall be permanently assigned to the Eco- annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Perma- nomic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, and, as re- nent Court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the quired, to other organs of the United Nations. These staffs shall present Charter. form a part of the Secretariat. 3. The paramount consideration in the employment of the Article 93 staff and in the determination of the conditions of service shall 1. All Members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, the Statute of the International Court of Justice. competence, and integrity. Due regard shall be paid to the im- 2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may portance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice as possible. on conditions to be determined in each case by the General As- sembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. Chapter XVI MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Article 94 1. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply Article 102 with the decision of the International Court of Justice in any case 1. Every treaty and every international agreement entered into to which it is a party. by any Member of the United Nations after the present Charter 2. If any party to a case fails to perform the obligations incum- comes into force shall as soon as possible be registered with the bent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court, the other Secretariat and published by it. party may have recourse to the Security Council, which may, if it 2. No party to any such treaty or international agreement which deems necessary, make recommendations or decide upon mea- has not been registered in accordance with the provisions of para- sures to be taken to give effect to the judgment. graph 1 of this Article may invoke that treaty or agreement before any organ of the United Nations. Article 95 Nothing in the present Charter shall prevent Members of the Article 103 United Nations from entrusting the solution of their differences to In the event of a conflict between the obligations of the Members other tribunals by virtue of agreements already in existence or of the United Nations under the present Charter and their obliga- which may be concluded in the future. tions under any other international agreement, their obligations under the present Charter shall prevail. Article 96 1. The General Assembly or the Security Council may request Article 104 the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on any The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its legal question. Members such legal capacity as may be necessary for the ex- 2. Other organs of the United Nations and specialized agencies, ercise of its functions and the fulfilment of its purposes. which may at any time be so authorized by the General Assembly, may also request advisory opinions of the Court on legal questions Article 105 arising within the scope of their activities. 1. The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the Chapter XV fulfilment of its purposes. THE SECRETARIAT 2. Representatives of the Members of the United Nations and officials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges Article 97 and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise The Secretariat shall comprise a Secretary-General and such of their functions in connexion with the Organization. staff as the Organization may require. The Secretary-General 3. The General Assembly may make recommendations with a shall be appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommen- view to determining the details of the application of paragraphs 1 dation of the Security Council. He shall be the chief administrative and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the Members officer of the Organization. of the United Nations for this purpose.

Article 98 Chapter XVII The Secretary-General shall act in that capacity in all meetings TRANSITIONAL SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS of the General Assembly, of the Security Council, of the Economic and Social Council, and of the Trusteeship Council, and shall per- Article 106 form such other functions as are entrusted to him by these organs. Pending the coming into force of such special agreements re- The Secretary-General shall make an annual report to the General ferred to in Article 43 as in the opinion of the Security Council Assembly on the work of the Organization. enable it to begin the exercise of its responsibilities under Article 42, the parties to the Four-Nation Declaration, signed at Moscow, Article 99 30 October 1943, and France, shall, in accordance with the provi- The Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Security sions of paragraph 5 of that Declaration, consult with one another Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the mainte- and as occasion requires with other Members of the United Na- nance of international peace and security. tions with a view to such joint action on behalf of the Organization 1052 Appendix II as may be necessary for the purpose of maintaining international states of each deposit as well as the Secretary-General of the peace and security. Organization when he has been appointed. 3. The present Charter shall come into force upon the deposit Article 107 of ratifications by the Republic of China, France, the Union of Nothing in the present Charter shall invalidate or preclude ac- Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and tion, in relation to any state which during the Second World War Northern Ireland, and the United States of America, and by a has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter, taken majority of the other signatory states. A protocol of the ratifications or authorized as a result of that war by the Governments having deposited shall thereupon be drawn up by the Government of the responsibility for such action. United States of America which shall communicate copies thereof to all the signatory states. Chapter XVIII 4. The states signatory to the present Charter which ratify it AMENDMENTS after it has come into force will become original Members of the United Nations on the date of the deposit of their respective ratifi- Article 108 cations. Amendments to the present Charter shall come into force for all Members of the United Nations when they have been adopted by a vote of two thirds of the members of the General Article 111 Assembly and ratified in accordance with their respective con- The present Charter, of which the Chinese, French, Russian, stitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the English, and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall remain United Nations, including all the permanent members of the Se- deposited in the archives of the Government of the United curity Council. States of America. Duly certified copies thereof shall be trans- mitted by that Government to the Governments of the other sig- Article 1094 natory states. 1. A General Conference of the Members of the United Na- tions for the purpose of reviewing the present Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the IN FAITH WHEREOF the representatives of the Governments of members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine the United Nations have signed the present Charter. members of the Security Council. Each Member of the United Nations shall have one vote in the conference. DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, 2. Any alteration of the present Charter recommended by a one thousand nine hundred and forty-five. two-thirds vote of the conference shall take effect when ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations including all the permanent members of the Security Council. 3. If such a conference has not been held before the tenth annual session of the General Assembly following the conning into 4 Amended text of Article 109 which came into force on 12 June 1968. force of the present Charter, the proposal to call such a confer- (The text of Article 109 before it was amended read as follows: ence shall be placed on the agenda of that session of the General 1. A General Conference of the Members of the United Nations for the Assembly, and the conference shall be held if so decided by a purpose of reviewing the present Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and majority vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council. Each Member of the vote of any seven members of the Security Council. United Nations shall have one vote in the conference. 2. Any alteration of the present Charter recommended by a two-thirds Chapter XIX vote of the conference shall take effect when ratified in accordance with their RATIFICATION AND SIGNATURE respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations including all the permanent members of the Security Council. Article 110 3. If such a conference has not been held before the tenth annual session of the General Assembly following the coming into force of the present Char- 1. The present Charter shall be ratified by the signatory states ter, the proposal to call such a conference shall be placed on the agenda of in accordance with their respective constitutional processes. that session of the General Assembly, and the conference shall be held if so 2. The ratifications shall be deposited with the Government of decided by a majority vote of the members of the General Assembly and by the United States of America, which shall notify all the signatory a vote of any seven members of the Security Council.)

The Statute of the International Court of Justice

Article 1 Article 3 THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE established by the 1. The Court shall consist of fifteen members, no two of whom Charter of the United Nations as the principal judicial organ of the may be nationals of the same state. United Nations shall be constituted and shall function in accord- 2. A person who for the purposes of membership in the Court ance with the provisions of the present Statute. could be regarded as a national of more than one state shall be deemed to be a national of the one in which he ordinarily exercises civil and political rights. Chapter I ORGANIZATION OF THE COURT Article 4 1. The members of the Court shall be elected by the General Article 2 Assembly and by the Security Council from a list of persons nomi- The Court shall be composed of a body of independent nated by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration, judges, elected regardless of their nationality from among per- in accordance with the following provisions. sons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications re- 2. In the case of Members of the United Nations not represented quired in their respective countries for appointment to the high- in the Permanent Court of Arbitration, candidates shall be nomi- est judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognized nated by national groups appointed for this purpose by their gov- competence in international law. ernments under the same conditions as those prescribed for mem- The Statute of the International Court of Justice 1053 bers of the Permanent Court of Arbitration by Article 44 of the 2. If the joint conference is unanimously agreed upon any per- Convention of The Hague of 1907 for the pacific settlement of son who fulfils the required conditions, he may be included in its international disputes. list, even though he was not included in the list of nominations 3. The conditions under which a state which is a party to the referred to in Article 7. present Statute but is not a Member of the United Nations may 3. If the joint conference is satisfied that it will not be successful participate in electing the members of the Court shall, in the ab- in procuring an election, those members of the Court who have sence of a special agreement, be laid down by the General Assem- already been elected shall, within a period to be fixed by the bly upon recommendation of the Security Council. Security Council, proceed to fill the vacant seats by selection from among those candidates who have obtained votes either in the Article 5 General Assembly or in the Security Council. 1. At least three months before the date of the election, the 4. In the event of an equality of votes among the judges, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a written eldest judge shall have a casting vote. request to the members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration belonging to the states which are parties to the present Statute, Article 13 and to the members of the national groups appointed under Article 1. The members of the Court shall be elected for nine years and 4, paragraph 2, inviting them to undertake, within a given time, by may be re-elected; provided, however, that of the judges elected national groups, the nomination of persons in a position to accept at the first election, the terms of five judges shall expire at the end the duties of a member of the Court. of three years and the terms of five more judges shall expire at the 2. No group may nominate more than four persons, not more end of six years. than two of whom shall be of their own nationality. In no case 2. The judges whose terms are to expire at the end of the may the number of candidates nominated by a group be more above-mentioned initial periods of three and six years shall be than double the number of seats to be filled. chosen by lot to be drawn by the Secretary-General immedi- ately after the first election has been completed. Article 6 3. The members of the Court shall continue to discharge their Before making these nominations, each national group is recom- duties until their places have been filled. Though replaced, they mended to consult its highest court of justice, its legal faculties and shall finish any cases which they may have begun. schools of law, and its national academies and national sections 4. In the case of the resignation of a member of the Court, the of international academies devoted to the study of law. resignation shall be addressed to the President of the Court for transmission to the Secretary-General. This last notification makes Article 7 the place vacant. 1. The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all the persons thus nominated. Save as provided in Article Article 14 12, paragraph 2, these shall be the only persons eligible. Vacancies shall be filled by the same method as that laid 2. The Secretary-General shall submit this list to the General down for the first election, subject to the following provision: the Assembly and to the Security Council. Secretary-General shall, within one month of the occurrence of the vacancy, proceed to issue the invitations provided for in Ar- Article 3 ticle 5, and the date of the election shall be fixed by the Secu- The General Assembly and the Security Council shall proceed rity Council. independently of one another to elect the members of the Court. Article 15 Article 9 A member of the Court elected to replace a member whose term At every election, the electors shall bear in mind not only that the of office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of his persons to be elected should individually possess the qualifications predecessor's term. required, but also that in the body as a whole the representation of the main forms of civilization and of the principal legal systems Article 16 of the world should be assured. 1. No member of the Court may exercise any political or ad- ministrative function, or engage in any other occupation of a pro- Article 10 fessional nature. 1. Those candidates who obtain an absolute majority of votes 2. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the in the General Assembly and in the Security Council shall be con- Court. sidered as elected. 2. Any vote of the Security Council, whether for the election of Article 17 judges or for the appointment of members of the conference en- 1. No member of the Court may act as agent, counsel, or advo- visaged in Article 12, shall be taken without any distinction between cate in any case. permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council. 2. No member may participate in the decision of any case in 3. In the event of more than one national of the same state which he has previously taken part as agent, counsel, or advo- obtaining an absolute majority of the votes both of the General cate for one of the parties, or as a member of a national or in- Assembly and of the Security Council, the eldest of these only ternational court, or of a commission of enquiry, or in any other shall be considered as elected. capacity. 3. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of the Article 11 Court. If, after the first meeting held for the purpose of the election, one or more seats remain to be filled, a second and, if necessary, a Article 18 third meeting shall take place. 1. No member of the Court can be dismissed unless, in the unanimous opinion of the other members, he has ceased to fulfil Article 12 the required conditions. 1. If, after the third meeting, one or more seats still remain 2. Formal notification thereof shall be made to the Secretary- unfilled, a joint conference consisting of six members, three ap- General by the Registrar. pointed by the General Assembly and three by the Security 3. This notification makes the place vacant. Council, may be formed at any time at the request of either the General Assembly or the Security Council, for the purpose of Article 19 choosing by the vote of an absolute majority one name for The members of the Court, when engaged on the busi- each seat still vacant, to submit to the General Assembly and ness of the Court, shall enjoy diplomatic privileges and im- the Security Council for their respective acceptance. munities. 1054 Appendix II

Article 20 request of the parties, may hear and determine cases by summary Every member of the Court shall, before taking up his duties, procedure. In addition, two judges shall be selected for the pur- make a solemn declaration in open court that he will exercise his pose of replacing judges who find it impossible to sit. powers impartially and conscientiously. Article 30 Article 21 1. The Court shall frame rules for carrying out its functions. In 1. The Court shall elect its President and Vice-President for particular, it shall lay down rules of procedure. three years; they may be re-elected. 2. The Rules of the Court may provide for assessors to sit with 2. The Court shall appoint its Registrar and may provide for the the Court or with any of its chambers, without the right to vote. appointment of such other officers as may be necessary. Article 31 Article 22 1. Judges of the nationality of each of the parties shall retain 1. The seat of the Court shall be established at The Hague. This, their right to sit in the case before the Court. however, shall not prevent the Court from sitting and exercising its 2. If the Court includes upon the Bench a judge of the nation- functions elsewhere whenever the Court considers it desirable. ality of one of the parties, any other party may choose a per- 2. The President and the Registrar shall reside at the seat of the son to sit as judge. Such person shall be chosen preferably Court. from among those persons who have been nominated as candi- dates as provided in Articles 4 and 5. Article 23 3. If the Court includes upon the Bench no judge of the na- 1. The Court shall remain permanently in session, except during tionality of the parties, each of these parties may proceed to the judicial vacations, the dates and duration of which shall be fixed choose a judge as provided in paragraph 2 of this Article. by the Court. 4. The provisions of this Article shall apply to the case of Articles 2. Members of the Court are entitled to periodic leave, the dates 26 and 29. In such cases, the President shall request one or, if and duration of which shall be fixed by the Court, having in mind necessary, two of the members of the Court forming the chamber the distance between The Hague and the home of each judge. to give place to the members of the Court of the nationality of the 3. Members of the Court shall be bound, unless they are on parties concerned, and, failing such, or if they are unable to be leave or prevented from attending by illness or other serious rea- present, to the judges specially chosen by the parties. sons duly explained to the President, to hold themselves perma- 5. Should there be several parties in the same interest, they nently at the disposal of the Court. shall, for the purpose of the preceding provisions, be reckoned as one party only. Any doubt upon this point shall be settled by the Article 24 decision of the Court. 1. If, for some special reason, a member of the Court considers 6. Judges chosen as laid down in paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 of this that he should not take part in the decision of a particular case, he Article shall fulfil the conditions required by Articles 2, 17 (para- shall so inform the President. graph 2), 20, and 24 of the present Statute. They shall take part 2. If the President considers that for some special reason one in the decision on terms of complete equality with their colleagues. of the members of the Court should not sit in a particular case, he shall give him notice accordingly. Article 32 3. If in any such case the member of the Court and the President 1. Each member of the Court shall receive an annual salary. disagree, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the Court. 2. The President shall receive a special annual allowance. 3. The Vice-President shall receive a special allowance for Article 25 every day on which he acts as President. 1. The full Court shall sit except when it is expressly provided 4. The judges chosen under Article 31, other than members of otherwise in the present Statute. the Court, shall receive compensation for each day on which they 2. Subject to the condition that the number of judges available exercise their functions. to constitute the Court is not thereby reduced below eleven, the 5. These salaries, allowances, and compensation shall be fixed Rules of the Court may provide for allowing one or more judges, by the General Assembly. They may not be decreased during the according to circumstances and in rotation, to be dispensed from term of office. sitting. 6. The salary of the Registrar shall be fixed by the General 3. A quorum of nine judges shall suffice to constitute the Court. Assembly on the proposal of the Court. 7. Regulations made by the General Assembly shall fix the con- Article 26 ditions under which retirement pensions may be given to members 1. The Court may from time to time form one or more chambers, of the Court and to the Registrar, and the conditions under which composed of three or more judges as the Court may determine, members of the Court and the Registrar shall have their travelling for dealing with particular categories of cases; for example, labour expenses refunded. cases and cases relating to transit and communications. 8. The above salaries, allowances, and compensation shall be 2. The Court may at any time form a chamber for dealing with free of all taxation. a particular case. The number of judges to constitute such a cham- ber shall be determined by the Court with the approval of the Article 33 parties. The expenses of the Court shall be borne by the United Nations 3. Cases shall be heard and determined by the chambers pro- in such a manner as shall be decided by the General Assembly. vided for in this Article if the parties so request. Chapter II Article 27 COMPETENCE OF THE COURT A judgment given by any of the chambers provided for in Articles 26 and 29 shall be considered as rendered by the Court. Article 34 1. Only states may be parties in cases before the Court. Article 28 2. The Court, subject to and in conformity with its Rules, may The chambers provided for in Articles 26 and 29 may, with the request of public international organizations information relevant to consent of the parties, sit and exercise their functions elsewhere cases before it, and shall receive such information presented by than at The Hague. such organizations on their own initiative. 3. Whenever the construction of the constituent instrument of a Article 29 public international organization or of an international convention With a view to the speedy dispatch of business, the Court shall adopted thereunder is in question in a case before the Court, the form annually a chamber composed of five judges which, at the Registrar shall so notify the public international organization con- The Statute of the International Court of Justice 1055

cerned and shall communicate to it copies of all the written pro- Chapter III ceedings. PROCEDURE

Article 35 Article 39 1. The Court shall be open to the states parties to the present 1. The official languages of the Court shall be French and En- Statute. glish. If the parties agree that the case shall be conducted in 2. The conditions under which the Court shall be open to other French, the judgment shall be delivered in French. If the parties states shall, subject to the special provisions contained in treaties agree that the case shall be conducted in English, the judgment in force, be laid down by the Security Council, but in no case shall shall be delivered in English. such conditions place the parties in a position of inequality before 2. In the absence of an agreement as to which language shall the Court. be employed, each party may, in the pleadings, use the language 3. When a state which is not a Member of the United Nations is which it prefers; the decision of the Court shall be given in French a party to a case, the Court shall fix the amount which that party and English. In this case the Court shall at the same time determine is to contribute towards the expenses of the Court. This provision which of the two texts shall be considered as authoritative. shall not apply if such state is bearing a share of the expenses of 3. The Court shall, at the request of any party, authorize a the Court. language other than French or English to be used by that party.

Article 36 Article 40 1. The jurisdiction of the Court comprises all cases which the 1. Cases are brought before the Court, as the case may be, parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the either by the notification of the special agreement or by a written Charter of the United Nations or in treaties and conventions in application addressed to the Registrar. In either case the subject force. of the dispute and the parties shall be indicated. 2. The states parties to the present Statute may at any time 2. The Registrar shall forthwith communicate the application to declare that they recognize as compulsory ipso facto and without all concerned. special agreement, in relation to any other state accepting the 3. He shall also notify the Members of the United Nations same obligation, the jurisdiction of the Court in all legal disputes through the Secretary-General, and also any other states entitled concerning: to appear before the Court. a. The interpretation of a treaty; b. any question of international law; Article 41 c. the existence of any fact which, if established, would consti- 1. The Court shall have the power to indicate, if it considers that tute a breach of an international obligation; circumstances so require, any provisional measures which ought d. the nature or extent of the reparation to be made for the to be taken to preserve the respective rights of either party. breach of an international obligation. 2. Pending the final decision, notice of the measures suggested 3. The declarations referred to above may be made uncondi- shall forthwith be given to the parties and to the Security Council. tionally or on condition of reciprocity on the part of several or certain states, or for a certain time. Article 42 4. Such declarations shall be deposited with the Secretary- 1. The parties shall be represented by agents. General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies 2. They may have the assistance of counsel or advocates be- thereof to the parties to the Statute and to the Registrar of the fore the Court. Court. 3. The agents, counsel, and advocates of parties before the 5. Declarations made under Article 36 of the Statute of the Court shall enjoy the privileges and immunities necessary to the Permanent Court of International Justice and which are still in independent exercise of their duties. force shall be deemed, as between the parties to the present Statute, to be acceptances of the compulsory jurisdiction of the Article 43 International Court of Justice for the period which they still have 1. The procedure shall consist of two parts: written and oral. to run and in accordance with their terms. 2. The written proceedings shall consist of the communication 6. In the event of a dispute as to whether the Court has jurisdic- to the Court and to the parties of memorials, counter-memorials tion, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the Court. and, if necessary, replies; also all papers and documents in sup- port. Article 37 3. These communications shall be made through the Regis- Whenever a treaty or convention in force provides for reference trar, in the order and within the time fixed by the Court. of a matter to a tribunal to have been instituted by the League of 4. A certified copy of every document produced by one party Nations, or to the Permanent Court of International Justice, the shall be communicated to the other party. matter shall, as between the parties to the present Statute, be 5. The oral proceedings shall consist of the hearing by the referred to the International Court of Justice. Court of witnesses, experts, agents, counsel, and advocates.

Article 38 Article 44 1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with 1. For the service of all notices upon persons other than the international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall agents, counsel, and advocates, the Court shall apply direct to the apply: government of the state upon whose territory the notice has to be a. international conventions, whether general or particular, es- served. tablishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting 2. The same provision shall apply whenever steps are to be states; taken to procure evidence on the spot. b. international custom, as evidence of a general practice ac- cepted as law; Article 45 c. the general principles of law recognized by civilized na- The hearing shall be under the control of the President or, if tions; he is unable to preside, of the Vice-President; if neither is able d. subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and to preside, the senior judge present shall preside. the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination of Article 46 rules of law. The hearing in Court shall be public, unless the Court shall 2. This provision shall not prejudice the power of the Court to decide otherwise, or unless the parties demand that the public be decide a case ex aequo et bono, if the parties agree thereto. not admitted. 1056 Appendix II

Article 47 Article 60 1. Minutes shall be made at each hearing and signed by the The judgment is final and without appeal. In the event of dispute Registrar and the President. as to the meaning or scope of the judgment, the Court shall con- 2. These minutes alone shall be authentic. strue it upon the request of any party.

Article 48 Article 61 The Court shall make orders for the conduct of the case, shall 1. An application for revision of a judgment may be made only decide the form and time in which each party must conclude its when it is based upon the discovery of some fact of such a nature arguments, and make all arrangements connected with the taking as to be a decisive factor, which fact was, when the judgment was of evidence. given, unknown to the Court and also to the party claiming revision, always provided that such ignorance was not due to negligence. Article 49 2. The proceedings for revision shall be opened by a judgment The Court may, even before the hearing begins, call upon the of the Court expressly recording the existence of the new fact, agents to produce any document or to supply any explanations. recognizing that it has such a character as to lay the case open Formal note shall be taken of any refusal. to revision, and declaring the application admissible on this ground. 3. The Court may require previous compliance with the terms of Article 50 the judgment before it admits proceedings in revision. The Court may, at any time, entrust any individual, body, bureau, 4. The application for revision must be made at latest within six commission, or other organization that it may select, with the task months of the discovery of the new fact. of carrying out an enquiry or giving an expert opinion. 5. No application for revision may be made after the lapse of ten years from the date of the judgment. Article 51 During the hearing any relevant questions are to be put to the Article 62 witnesses and experts under the conditions laid down by the Court 1. Should a state consider that it has an interest of a legal nature in the rules of procedure referred to in Article 30. which may be affected by the decision in the case, it may submit a request to the Court to be permitted to intervene. Article 52 2. It shall be for the Court to decide upon this request. After the Court has received the proofs and evidence within the time specified for the purpose, it may refuse to accept any further Article 63 oral or written evidence that one party may desire to present 1. Whenever the construction of a convention to which states unless the other side consents. other than those concerned in the case are parties is in question, the Registrar shall notify all such states forthwith. Article 53 2. Every state so notified has the right to intervene in the pro- 1. Whenever one of the parties does not appear before the ceedings; but if it uses this right, the construction given by the Court, or fails to defend its case, the other party may call upon the judgment will be equally binding upon it. Court to decide in favour of its claim. 2. The Court must, before doing so, satisfy itself, not only that Article 64 it has jurisdiction in accordance with Articles 36 and 37, but also Unless otherwise decided by the Court, each party shall bear its that the claim is well founded in fact and law. own costs.

Article 54 Chapter IV 1. When, subject to the control of the Court, the agents, coun- ADVISORY OPINIONS sel, and advocates have completed their presentation of the case, the President shall declare the hearing closed. Article 65 2. The Court shall withdraw to consider the judgment. 1. The Court may give an advisory opinion on any legal question 3. The deliberations of the Court shall take place in private and at the request of whatever body may be authorized by or in accord- remain secret. ance with the Charter of the United Nations to make such a re- quest. Article 55 2. Questions upon which the advisory opinion of the Court is 1. All questions shall be decided by a majority of the judges asked shall be laid before the Court by means of a written request present. containing an exact statement of the question upon which an opin- 2. In the event of an equality of votes, the President or the judge ion is required, and accompanied by all documents likely to throw who acts in his place shall have a casting vote. light upon the question. Article 66 Article 56 1. The Registrar shall forthwith give notice of the request for an 1. The judgment shall state the reasons on which it is based. advisory opinion to all states entitled to appear before the Court. 2. It shall contain the names of the judges who have taken part 2. The Registrar shall also, by means of a special and direct in the decision. communication, notify any state entitled to appear before the Court or international organization considered by the Court, or, should it Article 57 not be sitting, by the President, as likely to be able to furnish If the judgment does not represent in whole or in part the unani- information on the question, that the Court will be prepared to mous opinion of the judges, any judge shall be entitled to deliver receive, within a time limit to be fixed by the President, written a separate opinion. statements, or to hear, at a public sitting to be held for the purpose, oral statements relating to the question. Article 58 3. Should any such state entitled to appear before the Court The judgment shall be signed by the President and by the Regis- have failed to receive the special communication referred to in trar. It shall be read in open court, due notice having been given paragraph 2 of this Article, such state may express a desire to to the agents. submit a written statement or to be heard; and the Court will decide. Article 59 4. States and organizations having presented written or oral The decision of the Court has no binding force except between statements or both shall be permitted to comment on the state- the parties and in respect of that particular case. ments made by other states or organizations in the form, to the The Statute of the International Court of Justice 1057 extent, and within the time limits which the Court, or, should it not Chapter V be sitting, the President, shall decide in each particular case. Ac- AMENDMENT cordingly, the Registrar shall in due time communicate any such written statements to states and organizations having submitted Article 69 similar statements. Amendments to the present Statute shall be effected by the same procedure as is provided by the Charter of the United Na- Article 67 tions for amendments to that Charter, subject however to any The Court shall deliver its advisory opinions in open court, notice provisions which the General Assembly upon recommendation of having been given to the Secretary-General and to the representa- the Security Council may adopt concerning the participation of tives of Members of the United Nations, of other states and of states which are parties to the present Statute but are not Mem- international organizations immediately concerned. bers of the United Nations.

Article 68 Article 70 In the exercise of its advisory functions the Court shall further be The Court shall have power to propose such amendments to the guided by the provisions of the present Statute which apply in present Statute as it may deem necessary, through written com- contentious cases to the extent to which it recognizes them to be munications to the Secretary-General, for consideration in con- applicable. formity with the provisions of Article 69. 1058 Appendix III

Appendix III The structure of the United Nations

The General Assembly

The General Assembly is composed of all the Members of the Third Committee United Nations. Chairman: Dietrich von Kyaw (Germany, Federal Republic of). Vice-Chairmen: Faika Farouk (Tunisia), Miguel Alfonso Martinez (Cuba). SESSIONS IN 1976 Rapporteur: Ibrahim Ali Badawi (Egypt). Thirty-first session:1 21 September-22 December 1976 (sus- pended). Fourth Committee Chairman: Tom Eric Vraalsen (Norway). Vice-Chairmen: Ede Gazdik (Hungary), Raymond Tchicaya OFFICERS, THIRTY-FIRST SESSION (Gabon). President: H. S. Amerasinghe (Sri Lanka). Rapporteur: Abdul Majid Mangal (Afghanistan). Vice-Presidents: Australia, Chad, China, Dominican Republic, France, German Democratic Republic, Guinea, Japan, Nicara- Fifth Committee gua, Oman, Panama, Sudan, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom, Chairman: Ali Sunni Muntasser (Libyan Arab Republic). United Republic of Tanzania, United States. Vice-Chairmen: Anwar Kemal (Pakistan), Atilio Norberto Molteni (Argentina). The Assembly has four types of committees: (1) Main Commit- Rapporteur: Eric Brian Nason (Ireland). tees; (2) procedural committees; (3) standing committees; (4) sub- sidiary and ad hoc bodies. Sixth Committee Chairman: Estelito P. Mendoza (Philippines). Vice-Chairmen: Enrique Gaviria (Colombia), Zenon Rossides (Cy- Main Committees prus). Seven Main Committees have been established under the rules Rapporteur: Valentine V. Bojilov (Bulgaria). of procedure of the General Assembly, as follows: Procedural committees Political and Security Committee (including the regulation of arma- There are two procedural committees of the Assembly: the Gen- ments) (First Committee) eral Committee and the Credentials Committee. Special Political Committee Economic and Financial Committee (Second Committee) General Committee Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee (Third Commit- The General Committee consists of the President of the General tee) Assembly, as Chairman, the 17 Vice-Presidents and the Chairmen Trusteeship Committee (including Non-Self-Governing Territories) of the seven Main Committees. (Fourth Committee) Administrative and Budgetary Committee (Fifth Committee) Credentials Committee Legal Committee (Sixth Committee) The Credentials Committee consists of nine members appointed by the General Assembly on the proposal of the President. In addition to these seven Main Committees, the General As- sembly may constitute other committees, on which all Members Thirty-first session have the right to be represented. China, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ivory Coast (Chairman), Malaysia, Netherlands, USSR, United States, Zambia.

OFFICERS OF THE MAIN Standing committees COMMITTEES, THIRTY-FIRST SESSION The General Assembly has two standing committees: the Advis- ory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and First Committee the Committee on Contributions. Each consists of experts ap- Chairman: Henryk Jaroszek (Poland). pointed in their individual capacities for three-year terms. Vice-Chairmen: Frank Edmund Boaten (Ghana), António da Costa Lobo (Portugal). Advisory Committee on Administrative Rapporteur: Kedar Bhakta Shrestha (Nepal). and Budgetary Questions Members in 1976: Special Political Committee To serve until 31 December 1976: Paulo Lopes Corrêa (Brazil); C. Chairman: Mooki V. Molapo (Lesotho). S. M. Mselle, Chairman (United Republic of Tanzania); Louis- Vice-Chairmen: John Gregoriades (Greece), Zakaria Sibahi Dominique Ouédraogo (Upper Volta); Stanislaw Raczkowski (Syrian Arab Republic). (Poland). Rapporteur: Percy Haynes (Guyana). To serve until 31 December 1977: Yasushi Akashi (Japan); Hou Tung (China); André Naudy (France); Michael F. H. Stuart Second Committee (United Kingdom); Morteza Talieh (Iran). Chairman: Jaime Valdés Hertzog (Bolivia). Vice-Chairmen: Ion Goritza (Romania), Mohan Prasad Lohani 1 (Nepal). The thirty-first session of the General Assembly resumed on 13 Septem- Rapporteur: Gerhard Pfanzelter (Austria). ber 1977 and closed on 19 September 1977. The structure of the United Nations 1059

To serve until 31 December 1978: Lucio García del Solar (Argen- Committee on Relations with the Host Country tina); A. V. Grodsky (USSR); Rudolf Schmidt (Germany, Federal Working Group Republic of); David L. Stottlemyer (United States). Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Pales- On 29 November 1976, the General Assembly appointed the tinian People following for a three-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Andrzej Abraszewski Legal Sub-Committee (Poland), C. S. M. Mselle (United Republic of Tanzania), Tiéba Scientific and Technical Sub-Committee Ouattara (Ivory Coast), Christopher R. Thomas (Trinidad and Working Group on a Navigation Services Satellite System Tobago). Working Group on Direct Broadcast Satellites Committee to Draw Up a Constitution for the United Nations Indus- Committee on Contributions trial Development Organization as a Specialized Agency Members in 1976: Consultative Panel on Public Information To serve until 31 December 1976: Richard V. Hennes (United Disarmament Commission States); Junpei Kato (Japan); Jozsef Tardos (Hungary). Group of Experts on the Establishment of an International Re- To serve until 31 December 1977: Abdel Hamid Abdel-Ghani search and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women† (Egypt); Japhet Gideon Kiti (Kenya); Angus J. Matheson (Can- Human Rights Committee* ada); John I. M. Rhodes (United Kingdom); David Silveira da Interim Committee of the General Assembly Mota, Jr., Vice-Chairman (Brazil). International Civil Service Commission To serve until 31 December 1978: Syed Amjad Ali, Chairman Advisory Committee on Post Adjustment Questions (Pakistan); A. S. Chistyakov (USSR); Miguel A. Dávila Mendoza International Law Commission (Mexico); Michel Rouge (France); Tien Yi-nung (China). Investments Committee Joint Advisory Group on the International Trade Centre On 22 December 1976, the General Assembly appointed the UNCTAD/GATT following for a three-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill the Joint Inspection Unit vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Richard V. Hennes Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United (United States), Junpei Kato (Japan), Dragos Serbanescu (Ro- Nations mania). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Also on 22 December 1976, the Assembly, in pursuance of its (UNHCR) decision on 14 December 1976 to expand the membership of the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme Committee on Contributions from 13 to 18, appointed Talib El- Sub-Committee on International Protection Shibib (Iraq), Gbadebo Oladeinde George (Nigeria) and Euthimios Panel for Inquiry and Conciliation Stoforopoulos (Greece) for a three-year term; Wilfried Koschor- Panel of External Auditors reck (Germany, Federal Republic of) for a two-year term; and Panel of Military Experts Bernal Vargas-Saborío (Costa Rica) for a one-year term, all start- Peace Observation Commission ing on 1 January 1977. Preparatory Committee for Habitat: United Nations Conference on Human Settlements† Preparatory Committee for the Special Session of the General Subsidiary, ad hoc and related bodies Assembly Devoted to Disarmament* The following subsidiary, ad hoc and related bodies were in Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference on Sci- existence or functioning in 1976, or were established during the ence and Technology for Development* General Assembly's thirty-first session, held from 21 September Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference on to 22 December 1976. Those bodies marked * were set up or Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries* began to function during 1976; those marked † were discontinued Special Committee against Apartheid in 1976. Sub-Committee on Petitions and Information Sub-Committee on the Implementation of United Nations Reso- Ad Hoc Committee of the Whole Assembly lutions and Collaboration with South Africa Ad Hoc Committee on International Terrorism* Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International Convention Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the against Apartheid in Sports* Strengthening of the Role of the Organization* Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International Convention Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementa- against the Taking of Hostages* tion of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean Colonial Countries and Peoples Ad Hoc Committee on the Restructuring of the Economic and Sub-Committee on Petitions and Information† Social Sectors of the United Nations System Sub-Committee on Petitions, Information and Assistance* Ad Hoc Committee on the Review of the Role of the United Nations Sub-Committee on Small Territories* in the Field of Disarmament† Sub-Committee I† Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference Sub-Committee II† Advisory Committee on the United Nations Educational and Train- Working Group ing Programme for Southern Africa Working Group on the Implementation by the Specialized Agen- Advisory Committee on the United Nations Programme of Assist- cies and the International Institutions Associated with the ance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appre- United Nations of the Declaration on the Granting of Inde- ciation of International Law pendence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and Other Board of Auditors Relevant Resolutions of the United Nations† Collective Measures Committee Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting Commission on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Terri- Committee for Programme and Co-ordination tories Committee of Trustees of the United Nations Trust Fund for South Special Committee to Select the Winners of the United Nations Africa Human Rights Prize Committee on Applications for Review of Administrative Tribunal United Nations Administrative Tribunal Judgements United Nations Capital Development Fund Committee on Arrangements for a Conference for the Purpose of Executive Board Reviewing the Charter United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Committee on Conferences Executive Board 1060 Appendix III

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCI- Ad Hoc Committee on International Terrorism TRAL) On 15 December 1976, the General Assembly invited the 35- Working Group on International Legislation on Shipping† member Ad Hoc Committee on International Terrorism, which had Working Group on International Negotiable Instruments not met since 1973, to resume its work in accordance with the Working Group on the International Sale of Goods mandate entrusted to it under Assembly resolution 3034(XXVII) of United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine 18 December 1972.2 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) The Ad Hoc Committee did not meet in 1976. Trade and Development Board Advisory Committee to the Board and to the Committee on Members in 1976: Algeria, Austria, Barbados, Canada, Congo, Commodities† Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, France, Greece, Guinea, Committee on Commodities Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Committee on Tungsten Nigeria, Panama, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Tur- Permanent Group on Synthetics and Substitutes key, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Committee on Economic Co-operation among Developing Tanzania, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Yugo- Countries* slavia, Zaire, Zambia. Committee on Invisibles and Financing related to Trade Committee on Manufactures Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International Committee on Shipping Convention against Apartheid in Sports Working Group on International Shipping Legislation On 9 November 1976, the General Assembly established an ad Committee on Transfer of Technology hoc committee to draft an international convention against apart- Special Committee on Preferences heid in sports, to be composed of 25 members as follows: the United Nations Council for Namibia existing 18 members of the Special Committee against Apartheid Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia and seven other Member States to be appointed by the President Standing Committee I of the Assembly on the basis of equitable geographical distribu- Standing Committee II tion. Standing Committee III Steering Committee Members in 1976:* Algeria, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Ni- Governing Council geria, Peru, Philippines, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Trinidad and Tobago, Ukrainian SSR. Governing Council Environment Co-ordination Board * Members of the Special Committee against Apartheid. The United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation seven other Member States remained to be appointed by the end Advisory Board of 1976. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Industrial Development Board Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International Permanent Committee Convention against the Taking of Hostages United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) On 15 December 1976, the General Assembly established an Board of Trustees ad hoc committee to draft an international convention against the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board taking of hostages. It was to be composed of 35 Member States Standing Committee of the Pension Board appointed by the President of the Assembly on the basis of equita- Committee of Actuaries ble geographical distribution and representing the principal legal United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees systems of the world. in the Near East (UNRWA) By the end of 1976, the members had not been appointed. Advisory Commission of UNRWA Working Group on the Financing of UNRWA Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean United Nations Scientific Advisory Committee The Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean held a series of United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radi- meetings at United Nations Headquarters, New York, between 10 ation May and 17 September 1976. United Nations Special Fund Board of Governors Members in 1976: Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, United Nations Special Fund for Land-locked Developing Coun- Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Pa- tries* kistan, Somalia, Sri Lanka, United Republic of Tanzania, Yemen, Board of Governors* Zambia. United Nations Staff Pension Committee United Nations University Chairman: H. S. Amerasinghe (Sri Lanka). Council of the United Nations University Vice-Chairman: Djoko Joewono (Indonesia). World Food Council Rapporteur: Henri Rasolondraibe (Madagascar).

Ad Hoc Committee of the Whole Assembly Ad Hoc Committee on the Restructuring of the Economic The Ad Hoc Committee of the Whole Assembly consists of all and Social Sectors of the United Nations System Members of the United Nations, under the chairmanship of the The Ad Hoc Committee, a committee of the whole of the General President of the session. It meets as soon as practicable after the Assembly open to the participation of all States, held three ses- opening of each regular session of the General Assembly to enable sions during 1976, all at United Nations Headquarters, New York: Governments to announce pledges of voluntary contributions to the its second, from 11 February to 4 March; its third, from 2 to 11 programmes of the United Nations High Commissioner for Ref- June; and its fourth, from 23 September to 29 November. ugees (UNHCR) and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) for the following Chairman: Kenneth K. S. Dadzie (Ghana). year. States which are members of specialized agencies but which Vice-Chairmen: Antoni Czarkowski (Poland), Luis González Arias are not also Members of the United Nations are invited to attend (Paraguay), Farrokh Parsi (Iran). to announce their pledges to these two refugee programmes. Rapporteur: Robert Douglas Sturkey (Australia). In 1976, the Ad Hoc Committee met to announce pledges of voluntary contributions to UNHCR and to UNRWA on 19 and 24 November, respectively. 2 See Y.U.N., 1972, pp. 649-50. The structure of the United Nations 1061

Ad Hoc Committee on the Review of the Role of the On 29 November 1976, the General Assembly reappointed the United Nations in the Field of Disarmament Auditor-General of Canada for a three-year term starting on 1 July The Ad Hoc Committee, which was open to the participation 1977 and expiring on 30 June 1980. of all Member States, held three sessions in 1976, all at United Nations Headquarters, New York: an organizational session, Collective Measures Committee from 26 to 29 January; and two substantive sessions, the first, The Collective Measures Committee did not meet in 1976. from 14 to 24 June, and the second and final one, from 7 to 10 September. Members: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Burma, Canada, Egypt, France, Mexico, Philippines, Turkey, United Kingdom, United Chairman: Inga Thorsson (Sweden). States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. Vice-Chairmen: Mohamed Bachrouch (Tunisia), Darioush Bayan- dor (Iran), Emilia Castro de Barish (Costa Rica), Simón Alberto Commission on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources Consalvi (Venezuela), Imre Hollai (Hungary), Edouard Longer- The Commission on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Re- staey (Belgium), Jaksa Petric (Yugoslavia), Alejandro D. Yango sources has not met since 1961. (Philippines). Rapporteur: Saad Ahmed Alfarargi (Egypt). Members: Afghanistan, Chile, Egypt, Guatemala, Netherlands, Philippines, Sweden, USSR, United States.

Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference Committee for Programme and Co-ordination In 1976, the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament The Committee for Programme and Co-ordination is the main Conference held meetings at United Nations Headquarters, New subsidiary organ of the Economic and Social Council and of the York, between 1 March and 14 July. General Assembly for planning, programming and co-ordination and reports to both. Members in 1976: Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bul- For details of the Committee's membership and session in 1976, garia, Burundi, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, see below, under THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL. Egypt, Ethiopia, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Liberia, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, Ni- Committee of Trustees of the United Nations geria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sri Trust Fund for South Africa Lanka, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Members in 1976: Chile, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sweden. Zambia. Chairman: Olof Rydbeck (Sweden). France, the USSR and the United Kingdom participated in the Vice-Chairman: Leslie O. Harriman (Nigeria). work of the Ad Hoc Committee, while China and the United States maintained contact with it through its Chairman, pursuant Committee on Applications for Review of to General Assembly resolution 3183(XXVIII) of 18 December Administrative Tribunal Judgements 1973.3 The Committee did not meet in 1976.

Chairman: Fereydoun Hoveyda (Iran). Members (from 21 September 1976) (based on the composition of Vice-Chairmen: Carlos Alzamora Traverse (Peru), Henryk the General Committee at the General Assembly's thirty-first Jaroszek (Poland), Patrice Mikanagu (Burundi). session): Australia, Bolivia, Chad, China, Dominican Republic, Rapporteur: Antonio Elías (Spain). France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- public of, Guinea, Japan, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Republic, Nicara- gua, Norway, Oman, Panama, Philippines, Poland, Sri Lanka, Advisory Committee on the United Nations Educational Sudan, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tan- and Training Programme for Southern Africa zania, United States. Members in 1976: Canada, Denmark, India, United Republic of Tanzania, Venezuela, Zaire, Zambia. Committee on Arrangements for a Conference for the Purpose of Reviewing the Charter Chairman: William H. Barton (Canada). All Members of the United Nations are members of the Commit- tee on Arrangements for a Conference for the Purpose of Review- ing the Charter. Advisory Committee on the United Nations Programme The Committee did not meet in 1976. of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law Committee on Conferences The Advisory Committee held its eleventh session at United The Committee on Conferences was re-established by the Gen- Nations Headquarters, New York, on 15 November 1976. eral Assembly on 18 December 1974 on an experimental basis, subject to review at the Assembly's thirty-second (1977) session. Members (until 31 December 1979): Barbados,* Cyprus,* El Sal- It consists of 22 Member States designated by the President of the vador, France, Ghana, Hungary, Italy,* Mali,* Syrian Arab Re- Assembly on the basis of equitable geographical balance, to serve public,* USSR,* United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, for a three-year term. United States.* Members (until 31 December 1977): Algeria, Austria, Bangladesh, *Not represented at the eleventh session. Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Egypt, France, India, Kenya, Mongolia, Nigeria, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Trinidad Chairman: K. O. Kumi (Ghana). and Tobago, Tunisia, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia. Board of Auditors The Board of Auditors consists of three members appointed by Chairman: Christopher R. Thomas (Trinidad and Tobago). the General Assembly for three-year terms. Vice-Chairmen: Ahmed Aboul Gheit (Egypt), Philipp L. K. Hahn (Canada). Members in 1976: Rapporteur. A. Razzaque Khan (Bangladesh). To serve until 30 June 1977: Auditor-General of Canada. To serve until 30 June 1978: Controller-General of Colombia. To serve until 30 June 1979: Auditor-General of Ghana. 3 See Y.U.N., 1973, pp. 18-19. 1062 Appendix III

Committee on Relations with the Host Country On 22 December 1976, the General Assembly enlarged the Members in 1976: Bulgaria, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Cyprus, membership of the Committee from 20 to 23 by the addition of France, Honduras, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Mali, Spain, USSR, United Guyana, Mali and Nigeria. Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania,* United States (host country). Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space held its *Resigned by a letter of 22 December 1976. On the same date, nineteenth session at United Nations Headquarters, New York, the President of the General Assembly appointed Senegal to fill from 21 June to 2 July 1976. the resultant vacancy. Members in 1976: Albania,* Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Chairman: Zenon Rossides (Cyprus). Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chad,* Chile, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Vice-Chairmen: Siméon Aké (Ivory Coast), Guero Grozev (Bul- France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- garia). public of, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kenya,* Rapporteur: Emilia Castro de Barish (Costa Rica). Lebanon, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco,* Nigeria, Pakistan, Po- land, Romania, Sierra Leone, Sudan,* Sweden, USSR, United WORKING GROUP Kingdom, United States, Venezuela. Members in 1976: Bulgaria, Costa Rica (Chairman), Mali, Spain, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, United States. *Not represented at the nineteenth session.

Chairman: Peter Jankowitsch (Austria). Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Vice-Chairman: Ion Datcu (Romania). The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination was Rapporteur: Luiz Paulo Lindenberg Sette (Brazil). established under the terms of article 8 of the International Con- vention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.4 LEGAL SUB-COMMITTEE It consists of 18 experts elected by the States parties to the Con- The Legal Sub-Committee, a committee of the whole, held its vention to serve in their personal capacities, with due regard for fifteenth session at Geneva, Switzerland, from 3 to 28 May 1976. equitable geographical distribution and for representation of the different forms of civilization and principal legal systems. Chairman: Eugeniusz Wyzner (Poland). Members of the Committee serve four-year terms, the terms of one half of the members expiring every two years. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SUB-COMMITTEE On 8 January 1976, the States parties to the Convention elected The Scientific and Technical Sub-Committee, a committee of the the following nine members to fill the vacancies occurring on 19 whole, held its thirteenth session at Geneva, Switzerland, from 22 January 1976: Yuli Bahnev (Bulgaria), I. P. Blishchenko (USSR), March to 7 April 1976. Pedro Brin Martínez (Panama), Rajeshwar Dayal (India), André Dechezelles (France), Silvo Devetak (Yugoslavia), Mohied-Din Chairman: J. H. Carver (Australia). Nabavi (Iran), Willibald P. Pahr (Austria), Arturo Enrique Sampay (Argentina). WORKING GROUP ON A The Committee held two sessions in 1976: its thirteenth, from 29 NAVIGATION SERVICES SATELLITE SYSTEM March to 16 April, at Geneva, Switzerland; and its fourteenth, from The Working Group adjourned sine die in July 1967. 2 to 20 August, at United Nations Headquarters, New York. WORKING GROUP ON DIRECT BROADCAST SATELLITES Members in 1976: The Working Group did not meet in 1976. To serve until 19 January 1978: Mahmoud Aboul-Nasr (Egypt);* Adedokun A. Haastrup (Nigeria);† José D. Ingles (Philippines); Paul Joan George Kapteyn, Chairman (Netherlands); George O. Committee to Draw Up a Constitution for the United Lamptey, Vice-Chairman (Ghana);* Karl Josef Partsch (Ger- Nations Industrial Development Organization as a many, Federal Republic of); Fayez Al Sayegh, Rapporteur (Ku- Specialized Agency wait); Luis Valencia Rodríguez (Ecuador); Halima Embarek War- The Committee, which is open to the participation of all States, zazi (Morocco). held four sessions in 1976, all at Vienna, Austria: the first session, To serve until 19 January 1980: Yuli Bahnev (Bulgaria); I. P. Blish- from 7 to 19 January; the second, from 22 March to 2 April; the chenko, Vice-Chairman (USSR); Pedro Brin Martinez (Panama); third, from 28 June to 9 July; and the fourth, on 2 and 15 November. Rajeshwar Dayal (India); André Dechezelles (France);* Silvo Devetak (Yugoslavia); Mohied-Din Nabavi (Iran); Willibald P. Chairman: Amrik S. Mehta (India). Pahr (Austria); Arturo Enrique Sampay, Vice-Chairman (Argen- Vice-Chairmen: Embe Isea Mbambe (Zaire), Pilar Saldivar y Fer- tina).* nández del Valle (Mexico), Gerhard Thomas (German Demo- cratic Republic). *Did not attend the fourteenth session. Rapporteur: Gustav Ekholm (Sweden). †Resigned on 2 April 1976; the resultant vacancy for the unexpired portion of the term was filled by Christopher Consultative Panel on Public Information Olaywola Hollist (Nigeria), who was appointed by the Commit- The Consultative Panel held meetings at United Nations Head- tee on 14 April 1976. quarters, New York, on 11 and 12 March 1976.

Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Members in 1976: Experts from the following United Nations Mem- Rights of the Palestinian People ber States: Canada, China, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, Demo- Members in 1976: Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, German Demo- cratic Yemen, France, India, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jordan, cratic Republic, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Lao People's Liberia, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Romania, Sudan, Sweden, Democratic Republic, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Pakistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, USSR, United Kingdom, United Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukrainian States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire. SSR, Yugoslavia. Chairman: The Secretary-General. Chairman: Médoune Fall (Senegal). Vice-Chairmen: Ricardo Alarcón de Quesada (Cuba), Mir Abdul Wahab Siddiq (Afghanistan). 4 See Y.U.N., 1965, pp. 440-46, resolution 2106 A (XX), annexing text of Rapporteur: Victor J. Gauci (Malta). International Convention, esp. part II. The structure of the United Nations 1063

Disarmament Commission dom); António Fonseca Pimentel (Brazil); Jean-Louis Plihon The Disarmament Commission, which consists of all the Mem- (France). bers of the United Nations, did not meet in 1976. To serve until 31 December 1978: A. L. Adu, Vice-Chairman (Ghana); Pascal Frochaux (Switzerland); Jiri Nosek (Czecho- slovakia); Raúl A. Quijano, Chairman (Argentina);* Doudou Group of Experts on the Establishment Thiam (Senegal). of an International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women *Did not attend the third session. The 11-member Group of Experts held one series of meetings, at United Nations Headquarters, New York, between 17 and 23 On 22 December 1976, the General Assembly reappointed the February 1976. following five members for a four-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Syed Members: Thrunnessa Ahmed Abdullah (Bangladesh); Lourdes Amjad Ali (Pakistan), Michael O. Ani (Nigeria), A. S. Chistyakov Arizpe (Mexico); Elise Boulding (United States); Fatoumata (USSR), Parmeshwar N. Haksar (India), Halima Embarek Warzazi Agnes Diarra (Senegal); Mehdi Ehsassi (Iran); Marie Pierre Her- (Morocco). zog (France); Mary Racelis Hollensteiner, Rapporteur (Philip- pines); Chavdar Kiuranov (Bulgaria); Leila I. Takla, Chairman ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON (Egypt); Vida Tomsic (Yugoslavia); Beatriz Wahrlich (Brazil). POST ADJUSTMENT QUESTIONS The Advisory Committee on Post Adjustment Questions con- Human Rights Committee sists of six members: five members chosen from the geographical The Human Rights Committee was established under the terms regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and West- of articles 28 to 32 of the International Covenant on Civil and ern Europe and other States; and one member from the Interna- Political Rights, which was adopted by the General Assembly on tional Civil Service Commission who serves ex officio as Chairman. 16 December 19665 and which entered into force on 23 March Members are appointed by the Chairman of the Commission. 1976. The Advisory Committee held its first session at Vienna, Austria, The Committee was to consist of 18 experts of recognized com- from 13 to 19 October 1976. petence in the field of human rights, elected by the States parties to the Covenant to serve in their personal capacities for four-year Members in 1976:* Y. N. Batovrin (USSR), Bernardo Ferrán terms. At the first election, however, nine of the experts, chosen (Venezuela), Geoffrey H. Moore (United States), E. N. Omaboe by lot, were to serve for two years so as to initiate the process of (Ghana), B. Ramamurti (India).† rotation every two years. Ex-officio member: Pascal Frochaux, Chairman (Switzerland). The Committee did not meet in 1976. *Appointed provisionally for a one-year period, pending final Members:* arrangements for the appointment of members on a regular basis. To serve until 31 December 1978: Mohamed Ben-Fadhel (Tunisia), †Did not attend the first session. Ole Mogens Espersen (Denmark), Bernhard Graefrath (German Democratic Republic), Rajsoomer Lallah (Mauritius), Fernando International Law Commission Mora Rojas (Costa Rica), Torkel Opsahl (Norway), Julio Prado The International Law Commission consists of 25 persons of Vallejo (Ecuador), Fulgence Seminega (Rwanda), Christian recognized competence in international law, elected in their individ- Tomuschat (Germany, Federal Republic of). ual capacities by the General Assembly for a five-year term. Va- To serve until 31 December 1980: Sir Vincent Evans (United King- cancies occurring within the five-year period are filled by the Com- dom), Manouchehr Ganji (Iran), Vladimir Hanga (Romania), mission. Haissam Kelani (Syrian Arab Republic), Luben G. Koulishev The Commission held its twenty-eighth session at Geneva, Swit- (Bulgaria), Andreas V. Mavrommatis (Cyprus), A. P. Movchan zerland, from 3 May to 23 July 1976. (USSR), Walter Surma Tarnopolsky (Canada), Diego Uribe Var- gas (Colombia). Members (until 31 December 1976): Roberto Ago (Italy); Mo- hammed Bedjaoui (Algeria); Ali Suat Bilge (Turkey); Juan José *Elected on 20 September 1976 for terms starting on 1 January Calle y Calle, Second Vice-Chairman (Peru); Jorge Castañeda 1977. (Mexico); Abdullah El-Erian, Chairman (Egypt); Edvard Hambro (Norway); Richard D. Kearney (United States); Alfredo Martínez Interim Committee of the General Assembly Moreno (El Salvador); Frank X. J. C. Njenga (Kenya);* C. W. The Interim Committee of the General Assembly, on which each Pinto (Sri Lanka); Robert Q. Quentin-Baxter (New Zealand); Member of the United Nations has the right to be represented, did Alfred Ramangasoavina (Madagascar); Paul Reuter, First Vice- not meet in 1976. Chairman (France); Zenon Rossides (Cyprus); Milan Sahovic (Yugoslavia); José Sette Câmara (Brazil); Abdul Hakim Tabibi (Afghanistan); Arnold J. P. Tammes (Netherlands); Doudou International Civil Service Commission Thiam (Senegal); Senjin Tsuruoka, Rapporteur (Japan); N. A. The International Civil Service Commission consists of 15 mem- Ushakov (USSR); Endre Ustor (Hungary); Sir Francis Vallat bers who serve in their personal capacities as individuals of recog- (United Kingdom); Mustafa Kamil Yasseen (Iraq). nized competence in public administration or related fields, particu- larly in personnel management. They are appointed by the *Elected by the Commission on 20 May 1976 to replace Taslim General Assembly, on the basis of equitable geographical repre- Olawale Elias (Nigeria), who resigned upon his election, on 17 sentation, for four-year terms, the terms of one third of the mem- December 1975, to the International Court of Justice. bers expiring each year. The Commission held two sessions in 1976: its third, at United On 17 November 1976, the General Assembly elected the fol- Nations Headquarters, New York, from 8 to 26 March 1976; and lowing 25 members for a five-year term starting on 1 January 1977 its fourth, at Rome, Italy, from 28 June to 16 July. to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Roberto Ago (Italy), Mohammed Bedjaoui (Algeria), Juan José Members in 1976: Calle y Calle (Peru), Jorge Castañeda (Mexico), Emmanuel To serve until 31 December 1976: Syed Amjad Ali (Pakistan); Kodjoe Dadzie (Ghana), Leonardo Díaz-Gonzáles (Venezuela), Michael O. Ani (Nigeria); A. S. Chistyakov (USSR); Parmeshwar N. Haksar (India); Halima Embarek Warzazi (Morocco). To serve until 31 December 1977: Toru Hagiwara (Japan); Robert 5 See Y.U.N., 1966, pp. 418-32, resolution 2200 A (XXI), annexing text of E. Hampton (United States); Arthur H. M. Hillis (United King- International Covenant, esp. part IV. 1064 Appendix III

Abdullah El-Erian (Egypt), Laurel B. Francis (Jamaica), Edvard *Died on 16 February 1976; the resultant vacancy was filled by Hambro (Norway), S. P. Jagota (India), Frank X. J. C. Njenga Earl D. Sohm (United States) with effect from 15 July 1976. (Kenya), C. W. Pinto (Sri Lanka), Robert Q. Quentin-Baxter (New †Appointed on 7 March 1976 to fill the vacancy created by the Zealand), Paul Reuter (France), Willem Riphagen (Netherlands), resignation of Igor V. Chechetkin (USSR) on 30 September 1975. Milan Sahovic (Yugoslavia), Stephen M. Schwebel (United States), José Sette Câmara (Brazil), Sompong Sucharitkul (Thailand), On 22 December 1976, the General Assembly approved the Doudou Thiam (Senegal), Senjin Tsuruoka (Japan), N. A. Ushakov statute of the Joint Inspection Unit, in accordance with which the (USSR), Sir Francis Vallat (United Kingdom), Stephan Verosta Unit, created on an experimental basis on 4 November 1966 and (Austria), Alexander Yankov (Bulgaria). extended by the Assembly by resolutions of 17 December 1970 and 24 November 1972, was to be permanently established, with Investments Committee effect from 1 January 1978. The Investments Committee consists of six members appointed by the Secretary-General, after consultation with the United Na- tions Joint Staff Pension Board and the General Assembly's Advi- Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency sory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, sub- of the United Nations ject to confirmation by the Assembly. In 1976, the Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency Members serve three-year terms, the terms of one third of the of the United Nations, which was to consist of 54 Member States members expiring each year. to be designated by the President of the General Assembly, had a membership of 48. Members in 1976: The Negotiating Committee held its first session from 14 April to To serve until 31 December 1976: George A. Murphy, Chairman; 20 May 1976, and its second, from 22 September to 15 December B. K. Nehru. 1976, both at United Nations Headquarters, New York. To serve until 31 December 1977: David Montagu; Yves Ol- tramare. Members in 1976:* Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Can- To serve until 31 December 1978: R. Manning Brown, Jr.; Jean ada, Chad, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Guyot. Gabon, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- public of, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ire- In addition, during 1976, Aloysio de Andrade Faria, Juergen land, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Reimnitz and Toshio Shishido served in an ad hoc consultative Republic, Malawi, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philip- capacity. pines, Poland, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, On 22 December 1976, the General Assembly, consequent Upper Volta, Venezuela. upon a proposal by the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board, increased the membership of the Investments Committee by con- *Forty-six members had been initially appointed by the Presi- firming the appointment, with effect from 1 January 1977, of dent of the thirtieth session of the General Assembly, as stated in Aloysio de Andrade Faria, B. K. Nehru and Stanislaw Raczkowski his communication of 8 April 1976 to the Secretary-General. for a three-year term; and of Toshio Shishido for a two-year term. Swaziland and Tunisia subsequently joined as members.

Joint Advisory Group on the International Chairman: Frank Edmund Boaten (Ghana). Trade Centre UNCTAD/GATT Vice-Chairman: Anwar Kemal (Pakistan). The Joint Advisory Group was established in accordance with an Rapporteur: Eric Brian Nason (Ireland). agreement between UNCTAD and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)6 effective on 1 January 1968, the date Office of the United Nations High Commissioner on which the International Trade Centre commenced operations for Refugees (UNHCR) under the joint sponsorship of UNCTAD and GATT. Participation ni the Joint Advisory Group is open to all States EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE HIGH members of UNCTAD and to all Contracting Parties to GATT. COMMISSIONER'S PROGRAMME The Joint Advisory Group held its ninth session at Geneva, Swit- The Executive Committee held its twenty-seventh session at zerland, from 13 to 16 January 1976. Geneva, Switzerland, from 4 to 12 October 1976.

Chairman: Thobias Awuy (Indonesia). Members in 1976: Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Can- Vice-Chairman: A. S. Horoszkiewicz (Poland). ada, China,* Colombia, Denmark, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Holy See, Iran, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, The Joint Advisory Group relies on a Technical Committee, an Madagascar,* Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Sweden, Switzer- 18-member intergovernmental group of trade promotion experts, land, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom, United Republic for the review of the Centre's work programme and organizational of Tanzania, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. structure. *Not represented at the twenty-seventh session. Joint Inspection Unit The Joint Inspection Unit consists of inspectors appointed by the Chairman: C. van der Klaauw (Netherlands). Secretary-General, on the basis of nominations by Member States Vice-Chairman: J. D. Mganga (United Republic of Tanzania). designated by the President of the General Assembly and after Rapporteur: J. G. Moreno (Colombia). consultation with members of the Administrative Committee on Co-ordination. The inspectors are chosen for their special experi- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: Sadruddin Aga ence in national or international administrative and financial mat- Khan. ters, with due regard for equitable geographical distribution. SUB-COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION Members (until 31 December 1977): Albert F. Bender, Jr. (United The Sub-Committee on International Protection, a committee of States);* Maurice Bertrand, Vice-Chairman (until 30 June 1976), the whole, held meetings at Geneva, Switzerland, on 6 and 7 Chairman (from 1 July 1976) (France); A. S. Bryntsev (USSR);† October 1976. Enrique Ferrer-Vieyra (Argentina); Sreten Ilic (Yugoslavia); Chandra S. Jha, Chairman (until 30 June 1976) (India); Cecil E.

King (United Kingdom); Joseph A. Sawe, Vice-Chairman (from 6 For further information on GATT, see PART TWO, CHAPTER XVI of this 1 July 1976) (United Republic of Tanzania). volume. The structure of the United Nations 1065

The officers of the Executive Committee of the High Commis- Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference sioner's Programme served as the officers of the Sub-Commit- on Science and Technology for Development tee. On 21 December 1976, the General Assembly decided that the Committee on Science and Technology for Development (see Panel for Inquiry and Conciliation below, under THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL) would The Panel for Inquiry and Conciliation was established by the act as the Preparatory Committee for a United Nations conference General Assembly in 1949 (by resolution 268 D (III))7 to consist of on science and technology for development to be held in 1979. qualified persons, designated by United Nations Member States, The Preparatory Committee, which was to hold its first session each to serve for a term of five years. in 1977, was to be open to the participation of all States. It was to The Panel was not called upon in 1976. report to the General Assembly through the Economic and Social Council. Panel of External Auditors The Panel of External Auditors consists of the members of the United Nations Board of Auditors and the appointed external audi- Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference tors of the specialized agencies and the International Atomic En- on Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries ergy Agency. On 21 December 1976, the General Assembly decided that the Committee on Technical Co-operation among Developing Coun- Panel of Military Experts tries, a sessional committee of the Governing Council of the United The General Assembly's "Uniting for Peace" resolution of 3 Nations Development Programme (see below, under THE ECO- November 1950 (resolution 377(V))8 called for the appointment of NOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL), would function as the Prepara- military experts to be available, on request, to United Nations tory Committee for a United Nations conference on technical co- Member States wishing to obtain technical advice on the organiza- operation among developing countries to be held in 1978. tion, training and equipment of elements within their national armed The Preparatory Committee, which was to hold its first session forces which could be made available, in accordance with national in 1977, was to be open to the participation of all Member States constitutional processes, for service as a unit or units of the United of the United Nations, as full members, and was to elect its own Nations upon the recommendation of the Security Council or the bureau to be composed of a chairman, three vice-chairmen and a General Assembly. rapporteur.

Peace Observation Commission The Peace Observation Commission did not meet in 1976. Special Committee against Apartheid Members in 1976: Algeria, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Members (until 31 December 1977): Czechoslovakia, France, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Ni- Honduras, India, Israel, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sweden, USSR, geria, Peru, Philippines, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay. Trinidad and Tobago, Ukrainian SSR.

Preparatory Committee for Habitat United Nations Chairman: Jeanne Martin Cissé (Guinea) (until 30 April 1976), Conference on Human Settlements Leslie O. Harriman (Nigeria) (from 30 April 1976). The Preparatory Committee held its second session at United Vice-Chairmen: V. N. Martynenko (Ukrainian SSR); Raoul Siclait Nations Headquarters, New York, from 12 to 23 January 1976; (Haiti) (until 15 September 1976). and its third, and final, session, at Vancouver, Canada, on 26 May Rapporteur: Nicasio G. Valderrama (Philippines). 1976. SUB-COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS AND INFORMATION Members in 1976: Representatives from the following 56 Member Members in 1976: Algeria (Chairman), German Democratic Re- States: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Burundi, Canada, public, India, Somalia, Trinidad and Tobago. Central African Republic, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethi- SUB-COMMITTEE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION opia,* Finland, France, Gabon,* German Democratic Republic, OF UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTIONS Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana,* Greece, Hungary, India, AND COLLABORATION WITH SOUTH AFRICA Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lib- Members in 1976: Ghana (Chairman, from 3 August 1976), Hun- yan Arab Republic, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pa- gary, Malaysia (Chairman, until 25 July 1976), Nepal, Peru. kistan, Philippines, Romania, Sierra Leone, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic,* Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations Uganda, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, In 1976, the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations United States, Upper Volta, Uruguay,* Yugoslavia, Zaire, held meetings at United Nations Headquarters, New York, on 4 Zambia. March and 19 November.

*Not represented at the second session. Members in 1976: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil (Vice-Chairman), Canada (Vice-Chairman), Chairman: George K. Muhoho (Kenya). Czechoslovakia (Vice-Chairman), Denmark, Egypt (Rappor- Vice-Chairmen: Mario Alemán Salvador (Ecuador), Ramaswamy teur), El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Gopalaswamy (India), Gerhard Kosel (German Democratic Re- Japan (Vice-Chairman), Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Ni- public). geria (Chairman), Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Rapporteur. Kerstin Oldfelt (Sweden). Spain, Thailand, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. Preparatory Committee for the Special Session of the General Assembly Devoted to Disarmament WORKING GROUP On 21 December 1976, the General Assembly established Members in 1976: Argentina, France, India, Pakistan, USSR, the Preparatory Committee to examine all relevant questions United Kingdom, United States, and the officers of the Special relating to a special session of the Assembly devoted to disar- Committee on Peace-keeping Operations (Brazil, Canada, mament to be held in 1978. The Preparatory Committee was to Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Japan, Nigeria). be composed of 54 Member States to be appointed by the President of the Assembly on the basis of equitable geographi- cal distribution. 7 See Y.U.N., 1948-1949, pp. 416-17. By the end of 1976, the members had not been appointed. 8 See Y.U.N., 1950, pp. 193-95. 1066 Appendix III

Special Committee on the Charter of the United WORKING GROUP Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role In 1976, the Working Group of the Special Committee, which of the Organization* functions as a steering committee, consisted of the Congo, Cuba, The Special Committee, composed of 47 Member States ap- Iran, Tunisia and the five officers of the Special Committee. pointed by the President of the General Assembly with due regard for the principle of equitable geographical distribution, held a series Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices of meetings at United Nations Headquarters, New York, between Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of 17 February and 12 March 1976. the Occupied Territories Members in 1976: Senegal, Sri Lanka (Chairman), Yugoslavia. Members in 1976: Algeria, Argentina, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, Congo, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Ecuador, Special Committee to Select the Winners of Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, German Democratic Re- the United Nations Human Rights Prize public, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, The Special Committee of ex-officio members was established India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Liberia, Mexico, pursuant to a decision of the General Assembly of 19 December Nepal, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, 1966 recommending that a prize or prizes in the field of human Romania, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, rights be awarded not more often than at five-year intervals. Prizes USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, were awarded for the second time on 26 October 1973. Zambia. The Special Committee did not meet in 1976.

Chairman: Bengt H. G. A. Broms (Finland). Members: The President of the General Assembly, the President Vice-Chairmen: Mario Aleman Salvador (Ecuador), Edward W. of the Economic and Social Council, the Chairman of the Com- Blyden III (Sierra Leone), Bernhard Neugebauer (German Dem- mission on Human Rights, the Chairman of the Commission on ocratic Republic). the Status of Women, and the Chairman of the Sub-Commission Rapporteur: Lauro L. Baja, Jr. (Philippines). on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities.

On 2 March 1976, the Special Committee established an open- ended Working Group whose officers were the same as those of United Nations Administrative Tribunal the Special Committee. Members in 1976: To serve until 31 December 1976: Mrs. Paul Bastid, First Vice- President (France); Mutuale Tshikankie (Zaire); R. Venkatara- Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the man, President (India). Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of To serve until 31 December 1977: Francis T. P. Plimpton, Second Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples Vice-President (United States); Sir Roger Bentham Stevens Members in 1976: Afghanistan, Australia, Bulgaria, Chile, China, (United Kingdom). Congo, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, To serve until 31 December 1978: Francisco A. Forteza (Uruguay); Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Mali, Norway, Sierra Leone, Syrian Arab Endre Ustor (Hungary). Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, USSR, United Republic of Tanzania, Yugoslavia. On 29 November 1976, the General Assembly reappointed Mrs. Paul Bastid (France), Mutuale Tshikankie (Zaire) and R. Ven- Chairman: Salim Ahmed Salim (United Republic of Tanzania). kataraman (India) for a three-year term starting on 1 January 1977 Vice-Chairmen: Frank Owen Abdulah (Trinidad and Tobago), Ivan to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976. G. Garvalov (Bulgaria), Tom Eric Vraalsen (Norway). Rapporteur: Sami Glayel (Syrian Arab Republic). United Nations Capital Development Fund The United Nations Capital Development Fund was set up as an SUB-COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS. organ of the General Assembly to function as an autonomous INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE* organization within the United Nations framework, with the control Members in 1976: Bulgaria (Chairman), Chile, Congo, Cuba, of its policies and operations to be exercised by a 24-member Czechoslovakia, Indonesia, Iraq, Mali, Norway, Sierra Leone, Executive Board elected by the General Assembly from Members Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia. of the United Nations or members of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The chief executive *The Sub-Committee, formerly known as the Sub-Committee on officer of the Fund, the Managing Director, exercises his functions Petitions and Information, was renamed by the Special Committee under the general direction of the Executive Board. The Executive on 18 February 1976. Its membership was appointed on 23 Febru- Board reports to the General Assembly through the Economic and ary 1976. Social Council.

EXECUTIVE BOARD SUB-COMMITTEE ON SMALL TERRITORIES* On 21 December 1976, the General Assembly reconfirmed its Members in 1976: Afghanistan, Australia (Rapporteur), Bulgaria, decision of 15 December 1967 that, on a provisional basis, the Chile, Congo, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Fiji, India, In- Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme donesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast (Chairman), Norway, Trinidad (UNDP) (see below, under THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL and Tobago, Yugoslavia. COUNCIL) should act as the Executive Board of the United Na- tions Capital Development Fund. *The Sub-Committee, formerly known as Sub-Committee II, was renamed by the Special Committee on 18 February 1976. Its mem- Managing Director (provisional):* F. Bradford Morse. bership was appointed on 23 February 1976. *On 21 December 1976, the General Assembly reconfirmed its On 18 February 1976, the Special Committee discontinued the decision of 15 December 1967 that, on a provisional basis, the following subsidiary bodies: Sub-Committee I and the Working Group on the Implementation by the Specialized Agencies and the International Institutions Associated with the United Nations of the 9 Formerly known as the Ad Hoc Committee on the Charter of the United Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries Nations, which reconvened in 1976 as the Special Committee on the Charter and Peoples and Other Relevant Resolutions of the United Na- of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organiza- tions. tion, pursuant to a decision of 15 December 1975 of the General Assembly. The structure of the United Nations 1067

Administrator of UNDP be asked to act as the Managing Director WORKING GROUP ON of the United Nations Capital Development Fund. INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS The Working Group on International Negotiable Instruments held its fourth session at United Nations Headquarters, New York, from United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 2 to 12 February 1976.

EXECUTIVE BOARD Members in 1976: Egypt,* France, India, Mexico, Nigeria, USSR, The Executive Board of the United Nations Children's Fund, United Kingdom, United States. established by the General Assembly, reports to the Economic and Social Council, and, as appropriate, to the Assembly. (See below, *Not represented at the fourth session. under THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL.) Chairman: René Roblot (France). Rapporteur: Roberto Luis Mantilla-Molina (Mexico). United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) WORKING GROUP ON THE The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law con- INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS sists of 36 members elected by the General Assembly, in accord- The Working Group on the International Sale of Goods held its ance with a formula providing equitable geographical representa- seventh session at Geneva, Switzerland, from 5 to 16 January tion and adequate representation of the principal economic and 1976. legal systems of the world. Members serve six-year terms with expiration dates determined in such manner as to allow rotation Members in 1976: Austria. Brazil, Czechoslovakia, France, Ghana, every three years. Hungary, India, Japan, Kenya.* Mexico, Philippines,* Sierra On 15 December 1976, the Assembly decided that, beginning Leone,* USSR, United Kingdom, United States. with the election, also on 15 December 1976, of new members, the six-year term was to start on the first day of the Commission's *Not represented at the seventh session. regular annual session following their election and expire on the day before the beginning of the regular annual session occurring Chairman: Jorge Barrera-Graf (Mexico). at the end of the six-year period. (The term formerly started on 1 Rapporteur: Roland Loewe (Austria). January following an election and expired at the end of six years on 31 December.) United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine The Commission held its ninth session at United Nations Head- Members in 1976: France, Turkey, United States. quarters, New York, from 12 April to 7 May 1976. United Nations Conference on Trade Members in 1976: and Development (UNCTAD) To serve until the day preceding the regular annual session in The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development con- 1977 (22 May):* Australia, Austria, Chile, Egypt, France, sists of those States which are Members of the United Nations or Ghana, Guyana,† Japan, Nepal, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Sin- members of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic gapore, Somalia.† USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Energy Agency. Tanzania. The Conference held its fourth session at Nairobi, Kenya, from To serve until the day preceding the regular annual session in 5 to 31 May 1976. 1980:* Argentina, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cyprus.† Czechoslovakia, Gabon, Germany, Federal Republic of, TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD Greece, Hungary, India, Kenya, Mexico, Philippines, Sierra The Trade and Development Board is a permanent organ of the Leone, Syrian Arab Republic, United States, Zaire. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Its mem- bership is drawn from the following four groups of States members *The terms, formerly to expire on 31 December 1976 and on 31 of UNCTAD: December 1979, respectively, were extended by the General As- sembly on 15 December 1976. Group A. Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola,* Bahrain, Bangladesh, †Not represented at the ninth session. Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde,* Cen- tral African Empire, Chad, China, Comoros,* Congo, Demo- Chairman: L. H. Khoo (Singapore). cratic Kampuchea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea,* Vice-Chairmen: Rolf Herber (Germany, Federal Republic of), Elli- Democratic Yemen, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, ott Mottley (Barbados), Jaromir Ruzicka (Czechoslovakia). Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,* India, In- Rapporteur: Tinuade Oyekunle (Nigeria). donesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, On 15 December 1976, the General Assembly elected the fol- Libyan Arab Republic, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mal- lowing for a six-year term, starting on the first day of the regular dives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozam- annual session in 1977 (23 May), to fill the vacancies occurring the bique,* Nepal, Niger. Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New day before: Australia, Austria, Burundi, Chile, Colombia, Egypt, Guinea,* Philippines, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Rwanda, Finland, France, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Indonesia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe,* Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sey- Japan, Nigeria, Singapore, USSR, United Kingdom. United Repub- chelles,† Sierra Leone, Singapore, Socialist Republic of Viet lic of Tanzania. Nam, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, United WORKING GROUP ON Arab Emirates, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION ON SHIPPING of Tanzania, Upper Volta, Yemen, Yugoslavia. Zaire, Zambia. Members (until 7 May 1976):* Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bra- Group B. Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, zil, Chile, Egypt, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Holy Hungary, India, Japan, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Singapore, See, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, United Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, States, Zaire. San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United King- dom. United States. *On 7 May 1976, the United Nations Commission on Interna- Group C. Argentina, Bahamas,* Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, tional Trade Law dissolved the Working Group on International Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Legislation on Shipping. Salvador, Grenada,* Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, 1068 Appendix III

Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suri- OFFICERS (BUREAU) OF THE BOARD IN 1976 nam,* Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela. Seventh special session Group D. Albania, Bulgaria, Byelorussian SSR, Czechoslovakia, President: Kenneth K. S. Dadzie (Ghana). German Democratic Republic,* Hungary, Poland, Romania, Vice-Presidents:Thobias Awuy (Indonesia), W. Berhanu (Ethiopia), Ukrainian SSR, USSR. Antonio Biasi (Italy), Tomás Guillermo Elío (Bolivia), Tibor Fabian (Hungary), Carlos Higueras (Peru),* Luc Putman (Belgium), Sia- *Became a member of UNCTAD after the third session of the vosh Siassi (Iran), Tom G. R. Tscherning (Sweden), Kiyohiko Conference held in 1972 and, by decision of the Trade and Devel- Tsurumi (Japan). opment Board, subsequently included among the group of States, Rapporteur: Stefan Wolnik (Poland). as shown, for the purpose of elections, pending approval by the Conference at its fourth session. The Conference granted its ap- *Elected by the Board on 8 March 1976 to replace Carlos Al- proval on 6 May 1976 and (for Angola) on 25 May 1976. zamora Traverse (Peru), who was unable to attend the seventh †Seychelles became a Member of the United Nations and, ipso special session. facto, of UNCTAD on 21 September 1976, after the fourth session of the Conference. On 5 October 1976, the Board decided that it Sixteenth session (first part) should be treated as if it were among the countries listed in Group President: K. G. Lagerfelt (Sweden). A for the purpose of elections, pending approval by the Confer- Vice-Presidents: Ivan Anastassov (Bulgaria), Mario Carias (Hon- ence at its fifth session in 1979. duras), Susanta de Alwis (Sri Lanka), Dia Allah EI-Fattal (Syrian Arab Republic), Amine Kherbi (Algeria), Frans J. C. Klinken- BOARD MEMBERS IN 1976 bergh (Netherlands), W. H. Montgomery (Canada), H. S. Pan- In response to a recommendation of the Conference on 30 May kine (USSR), Makoto Taniguchi (Japan), Herbert S. Walker 1976, the General Assembly, on 29 September 1976, opened the (Jamaica). membership of the Board to all States members of UNCTAD. Rapporteur: Joseph Muliro (Kenya). Those wishing to become members of the Board were to communi- cate their intention to the Secretary-General of UNCTAD, for ADVISORY COMMITTEE TO THE BOARD transmittal to the President of the Board. On the basis of such AND TO THE COMMITTEE ON COMMODITIES notifications, the President was to announce the membership of The Advisory Committee was not reconstituted upon the expira- the Board at the commencement of its following regular, special tion, on 14 February 1975, of the terms of office of the last elected or resumed session. The Assembly decided at the same time that and appointed members. the 68 elected members then in office were to continue to serve On 23 October 1976, the Trade and Development Board recom- until the establishment of the new membership, which took place mended that the General Assembly amend resolution 1995(XIX) of at the commencement of the Board's sixteenth session on 5 Octo- 30 December 196410 so as to permit termination of the Advisory ber 1976. Committee. The Board further decided that formal termination was to take effect from the date of the Assembly's action, which took Members until 5 October 1976: place on 21 December 1976. Group A: China, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Libyan Arab Republic, Madagascar, SUBSIDIARY ORGANS OF THE Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD Rwanda, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, The main committees of the Trade and Development Board are Thailand, Uganda, Upper Volta, Yugoslavia, Zaire. open to the participation of all interested States members of Group B: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, UNCTAD, on the understanding that those wishing to attend a France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Ireland, Italy, particular session communicate their intention to the Secretary- Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, General of UNCTAD during the preceding regular session of the Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States. Board. On the basis of such notifications, the Board determines the Group C: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, membership of the main committees. Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela. Group D: Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, COMMITTEE ON COMMODITIES Ukrainian SSR, USSR. The Committee on Commodities did not meet in 1976.

Members from 5 October 1976: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Members in 1976: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Ban- Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, gladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, Burma, Byelorussian SSR, Canada, Central African Empire, Central African Empire, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Democratic People's Republic of Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Korea, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Sal- Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, German vador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, German Democratic Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,* Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Republic, Liechtenstein, Kenya, Libyan Arab Republic, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta,* Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mex- Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco,* Netherlands, New Zealand, Ni- ico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, geria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Re- Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, public of Korea, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, So- Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, cialist Republic of Viet Nam, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Socialist Republic Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and of Viet Nam, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Swit- Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, USSR, United Kingdom, zerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and United Republic of Cameroon, United States, Upper Volta, Uru- Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, United guay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire. Kingdom, United Republic of Cameroon, United States, Uru- guay, Venezuela, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire. *Declared elected by the Trade and Development Board on 18 October 1976, thus bringing the total membership of the Commit- SESSIONS DURING 1976 tee to 92. During 1976, the Trade and Development Board held its seventh special session, from 8 to 20 March; and the first part of its six- teenth session, from 5 to 23 October, both at Geneva, Switzerland. 10 See Y.U.N., 1964, pp. 210-15. The structure of the United Nations 1069

The Committee on Commodities has a Permanent Sub-Commit- gua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Po- tee on Commodities. land, Republic of Korea, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, So- cialist Republic of Viet Nam, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, COMMITTEE ON TUNGSTEN Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Trinidad and The Committee on Tungsten held its tenth session at Geneva, Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, USSR, United Kingdom, Switzerland, from 15 to 19 November 1976. United Republic of Cameroon, United States, Upper Volta, Uru- guay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire. Members in 1976: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Cyprus,* France, Gabon, Germany, Fed- *Declared elected by the Trade and Development Board on 18 eral Republic of, Italy,* Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Po- October 1976, thus bringing the total membership of the Commit- land, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania,* Rwanda, Spain, tee to 90. Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom, United States. COMMITTEE ON MANUFACTURES *Not represented at the tenth session. The Committee on Manufactures did not meet in 1976.

Chairman: V. B. Schneider (Canada). Members in 1976: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Ban- Vice-Chairman/Rapporteur: M. D. C. Johnson (United Kingdom). gladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Central Afri- can Empire, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, PERMANENT GROUP ON SYNTHETICS AND SUBSTITUTES Czechoslovakia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Den- The Permanent Group on Synthetics and Substitutes did not mark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethi- meet in 1976. opia, Finland, France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana,* Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Members in 1976: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chad, Egypt, France, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland,* Israel, Italy, Ivory Germany, Federal Republic of, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Libyan Arab Republic, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, Senegal, So- Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta,* Mauritius, Mexico, Mo- cialist Republic of Viet Nam, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Uganda, USSR, rocco,* Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, United Kingdom, United States. Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Socialist Republic of Viet COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION Nam, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad AMONG DEVELOPING COUNTRIES and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom, United On a recommendation of UNCTAD of 30 May 1976, the Trade Republic of Cameroon, United States, Upper Volta, Uruguay, and Development Board established the Committee on Economic Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire. Co-operation among Developing Countries on 23 October 1976 as one of its main committees. The Committee, which was to consider *Declared elected by the Trade and Development Board on 18 measures to provide support and assistance to developing coun- October 1976, thus bringing the total membership of the Commit- tries in strengthening and enlarging their mutual co-operation at tee to 85. the subregional, regional and interregional levels, did not meet in 1976. COMMITTEE ON SHIPPING Members:* Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bel- The Committee on Shipping did not meet in 1976. gium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Sal- Members in 1976: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Bel- vador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, German Democratic gium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Central African Empire, Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Denmark, Dominican Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Libyan Arab Republic, Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, France, Gabon, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Fed- Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Paki- eral Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Hon- stan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Romania, duras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Ivory Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Re- Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,* Kenya, Kuwait, Libyan Arab public, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Republic, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta,* Mauritius, Mexico, Uganda, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Cameroon, Morocco,* Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Nor- United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zambia. way, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Republic of Korea, Ro- mania, Senegal, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Spain, Sri *Seventy-seven members were declared elected to the Com- Lanka, Sweden, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,* Tur- mittee by the Board in October 1976. key, Uganda, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Cam- eroon, United States, Upper Volta, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugo- COMMITTEE ON INVISIBLES AND FINANCING slavia, Zaire. RELATED TO TRADE The Committee on Invisibles and Financing related to Trade did *Declared elected by the Trade and Development Board on 18 not meet in 1976. October 1976, thus bringing the total membership of the Commit- tee to 83. Members in 1976: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Ban- gladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, WORKING GROUP ON Central African Empire, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING LEGISLATION Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Democratic People's Republic of The Working Group on International Shipping Legislation held its Korea, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Sal- fifth session, in two parts, at Geneva, Switzerland: the first part, vador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, German Democratic Republic, from 5 to 16 January; and the second, from 26 to 30 July. Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ire- Members (until 25 April 1978): Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Bul- land,* Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, garia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Republic, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Ethiopia,* France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Malta,* Mexico, Morocco,* Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicara- Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, 1070 Appendix III

Iran,*† Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Madagascar,*† Mexico, United Nations Commissioner for Namibia:* Sean MacBride. Netherlands, Nigeria,*† Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Senegal,† Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Uganda,* USSR, United *On 22 December 1976, the General Assembly appointed Martti Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire.* Ahtisaari (Finland) as United Nations Commissioner for Namibia for a one-year term starting on 1 January 1977. *Not represented at the first part of the fifth session. †Not represented at the second part of the fifth session. COMMITTEE ON THE UNITED NATIONS FUND FOR NAMIBIA Chairman: E. A. Nelson (Ghana). Members in 1976: Finland, India, Nigeria, Romania* (Rappor- Vice-Chairmen: Saadat Ahmad (Pakistan); Alfredo Romero (Co- teur), Senegal, Turkey, Yugoslavia; the President of the Council lombia); Gunter Simon (German Democratic Republic). (ex-officio Chairman). Rapporteur: R. St. John (Australia) (first part, fifth session), C. L. Hermes (Australia) (second part, fifth session). *Appointed to the Committee and elected Rapporteur by the Council on 18 March 1976. COMMITTEE ON TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY The Committee on Transfer of Technology did not meet in 1976. STANDING COMMITTEE I Members in 1976: Algeria, China, Colombia, Finland, Haiti, In- Members in 1976: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria,* Belgium, donesia, Nigeria, Poland, Senegal (Chairman), Turkey, USSR, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,* Zambia. Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Denmark,* Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,* Ethiopia, Finland, STANDING COMMITTEE II France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- Members in 1976: Australia, Bangladesh, Botswana, Chile, Liberia, public of, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala,* Honduras, Hungary, Mexico, Pakistan (Chairman), Romania, Zambia. India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland,* Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,* Kenya, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Republic, STANDING COMMITTEE III Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco,* Netherlands, Members in 1976: Burundi, Egypt, Guyana, India, Yugoslavia New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway,* Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philip- (Chairman), Zambia. pines, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Sene- gal,* Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzer- STEERING COMMITTEE land, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,* Turkey, USSR, In 1976, the Steering Committee consisted of the Council's Pres- United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of ident and three Vice-Presidents, the Chairmen of its three standing Cameroon, United States, Upper Volta, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, committees and the Rapporteur of the Committee on the United Zaire. Nations Fund for Namibia.

*Declared elected by the Trade and Development Board on 18 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) October 1976 and (with respect to Guatemala) on 23 October 1976, thus bringing the total membership of the Committee to GOVERNING COUNCIL 80. The Governing Council of the United Nations Development Pro- gramme reports to the Economic and Social Council and through SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON PREFERENCES it to the General Assembly. (See below, under THE ECONOMIC The Special Committee held its seventh session at Geneva, AND SOCIAL COUNCIL) Switzerland, from 5 to 16 January 1976. Represented at the ses- sion were: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Chile, China,* Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fin- GOVERNING COUNCIL land, France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal The Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Pro- Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, gramme consists of 58 members elected by the General Assembly India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, for three-year terms, the terms of one third of the members expir- Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait,* Lebanon,* Libyan Arab Repub- ing each year. lic, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Mongolia,* Morocco, Seats on the Governing Council are allocated as follows: 16 to Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Phil- African States, 13 to Asian States, 10 to Latin American States, 13 ippines, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Senegal, to Western European and other States and 6 to Eastern European Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Thai- States. land, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom, United The Governing Council, which reports to the Assembly through States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire. the Economic and Social Council, held its fourth session at Nairobi, Kenya, from 30 March to 14 April 1976. *Attended the seventh session as an observer. Members in 1976: Chairman: K. J. Tan (Singapore). To serve until 31 December 1976: Argentina, Canada, China, Vice-Chairmen: Tibor Fabian (Hungary), J. G. Moreno (Colombia), Czechoslovakia, France, Gabon,* Ghana, Guatemala,* In- Misbah Ibrahim Oreibi (Libyan Arab Republic), R. K. Puri (India), donesia, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Lebanon,* Morocco, Philippines, Makoto Taniguchi (Japan). Sierra Leone, Spain, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic,* Yugo- Rapporteur: Christian Brebeck (Germany, Federal Republic of). slavia. To serve until 31 December 1977: Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Fin- United Nations Council for Namibia land, Germany, Federal Republic of, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Members in 1976: Algeria, Australia, Bangladesh, Botswana, Kenya, Libyan Arab Republic, Malaysia, Romania, Sudan, Swit- Burundi, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Finland, Guyana, Haiti, zerland, USSR, United States, Venezuela, Zaire. India, Indonesia, Liberia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Ro- To serve until 31 December 1978: Belgium, Central African Em- mania, Senegal, Turkey, USSR, Yugoslavia, Zambia. pire, Cyprus, Greece, Grenada,* Hungary, Iraq, Kuwait, Liberia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru,* Poland, Rwanda, Somalia, Thai- President: Dunstan Weston Kamana (Zambia). land, Togo,* Uganda, United Kingdom, Uruguay. Vice-Presidents: Rikhi Jaipal (India), Aarno Karhilo (Finland), Roberto de Rosenzweig-Diaz (Mexico). *Not represented at the fourth session. The structure of the United Nations 1071

President: Francisco Vizcaíno Murray (Mexico). election to the Industrial Development Board, its principal organ, Vice-Presidents: Lessedjina Kiaba Lema (Zaire), Rio Rachwartono are those which are Members of the United Nations or members (Indonesia), Zoltan Rakonczai (Hungary). of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Rapporteur: Thomas Palme (Sweden). Agency.

Executive Director of UNEP: Mostafa Kamal Tolba.* INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BOARD The Industrial Development Board consists of 45 States elected *Re-elected by the General Assembly on 22 December 1976 to by the General Assembly with due regard for the principle of equi- serve for another four-year term starting on 1 January 1977. table geographical distribution. Members serve three-year terms, the terms of one third of the members expiring each year. On 16 December 1976, the General Assembly elected the fol- The Board reports annually to the Assembly through the Eco- lowing 19 members for a three-year term starting on 1 January nomic and Social Council. 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Argen- The Board's membership is drawn from the following four tina, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Canada, Chad, China, France, Ghana, groups of States: Guatemala, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Norway, Philippines, Senegal, Spain, Syrian Arab Republic, United Republic of Tan- List A. 18 of the following States: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola,* zania, Yugoslavia. Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Empire, Chad, China, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, Egypt, ENVIRONMENT CO-ORDINATION BOARD Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, The membership of the Environment Co-ordination Board in- Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Ivory cludes: the Secretary-General of the United Nations; the executive Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Repub- heads of the specialized agencies and the International Atomic lic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Republic, Madagas- Energy Agency; the Secretary-General of the United Nations Con- car, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, ference on Trade and Development; the Executive Directors of the Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, United Nations Environment Programme, the United Nations In- Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Republic of dustrial Development Organization, the United Nations Children's Korea, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Fund, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research, the Seychelles,* Sierra Leone, Singapore, Socialist Republic of Viet World Food Programme and the United Nations Fund for Popula- Nam, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, tion Activities; the Executive Secretaries of the United Nations Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, United regional commissions; the Administrator of the United Nations De- Arab Emirates, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic velopment Programme; the United Nations High Commissioner for of Tanzania, Upper Volta, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia. Refugees; the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator; and the List B. 15 of the following States: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Can- Director-General of the Contracting Parties to the General Agree- ada, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Federal Re- ment on Tariffs and Trade. public of, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liech- Also participating in the work of the Board is the Executive Direc- tenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, New tor of the World Food Council. Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tur- The Board meets under the chairmanship of the Executive Direc- key, United Kingdom, United States. tor of the United Nations Environment Programme and reports List C. 7 of the following States: Argentina, Bahamas. Barbados, annually to the Governing Council of UNEP. Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba.† Dominican The Board held its sixth session at United Nations Headquarters, Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, New York, on 20 and 21 October 1976. Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Para- guay, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela. List D. 5 of the following States: Albania, Bulgaria, Byelorussian United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation SSR, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Ukrainian SSR, USSR. ADVISORY BOARD The Advisory Board of the United Nations Habitat and Human *Included in list A by a decision of the General Assembly of 21 Settlements Foundation consists of: (a) up to 15 members, chosen December 1976. on a broad geographical basis and appointed in their personal †At the elections to the Industrial Development Board held in capacities for a term of two years by the Executive Director of 1966, 1968, 1971 and 1974, the General Assembly decided on UNEP; and (b) the Executive Director of UNEP and the Administra- each of those particular occasions and in each of those particular tor of the Foundation, who are ex-officio members and serve as cases that Cuba, at its request, be included among the States Chairman and Rapporteur of the Board, respectively. listed in part D of the Annex to the Assembly's resolution 2152(XXI) The Advisory Board held its first meetings at Nairobi, Kenya, on of 17 November 1966,11 which dealt with, inter alia, the composi- 5 and 6 May 1976. tion of the Board.

Members in 1976: George Arthur Brown (Jamaica), Adolf Cibo- The Industrial Development Board held its tenth session, in two rowski (Poland), Robert K. A. Gardiner (Ghana), A. M. Kaissouni parts, at Vienna, Austria: the first part from 20 to 30 April and on (Egypt), Imelda R. Marcos (Philippines), John Stadtler (United 28 June 1976; the second, from 6 to 11 September 1976. Kingdom), Maurice F. Strong (Canada), Hans Wuttke (Germany, Federal Republic of). BOARD MEMBERS IN 1976 Ex-officio members: The Executive Director of UNEP (Chairman) To serve until 31 December 1976: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, and the Administrator of the Foundation (Rapporteur). Gabon,* Italy, Jamaica, Madagascar,* Norway, Philippines, Po- land, Switzerland, Tunisia, USSR, United Republic of Tanzania, Administrator of the United Nations Habitat and Human Settle- Zambia. ments Foundation: Philip Ndegwa (acting). To serve until 31 December 1977: Algeria, Brazil, Cuba, Czecho- slovakia, France, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast.† Japan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Netherlands, Peru, Sweden, United States. United Nations Industrial Development To serve until 31 December 1978: China, Denmark, Germany, Organization (UNIDO) Federal Republic of, Greece, Grenada,* Iran, Iraq, Mexico, Ni- The United Nations Industrial Development Organization was established by the General Assembly and functions as an autono- mous organization within the United Nations. States eligible for 11 See Y.U.N., 1966, pp. 302-6. 1072 Appendix III

geria, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom, United Republic of mond Scheyven (Belgium); Toshio Shishido (Japan); Maurice F. Cameroon, Upper Volta,* Venezuela. Strong (Canada); Inga Thorsson (Sweden); Brian E. Urquhart (Secretariat); Arsène Assouan Usher (Ivory Coast); Piero Vinci *Not represented at the tenth session. (Italy). †Not represented at the second part of the tenth session. Ex-officio members: The Secretary-General, the President of the President: Noureddine Mejdoub (Tunisia). General Assembly, the President of the Economic and Social Vice-Presidents: Yasue Katori (Japan), Domingo L. Siazon (Philip- Council and the Executive Director of UNITAR. pines). Rapporteur: Bogdan Makowijczuk (Poland). Executive Director of UNITAR: Davidson S. H. W. Nicol.

Executive Director of UNIDO: Abd-EI Rahman Khane. United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board On 21 December 1976, the General Assembly elected the fol- The United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board is composed of 21 lowing 15 members of the industrial Development Board for a members, as follows: three-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Six appointed by the United Nations Staff Pension Committee (two Chad, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Kenya, Sudan, Swaziland, Switzer- from members elected by the General Assembly, two from land, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, USSR, United Republic of those appointed by the Secretary-General, two from those Tanzania. elected by participants). Fifteen appointed by Staff Pension Committees of the other mem- PERMANENT COMMITTEE ber organizations of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund The Permanent Committee has the same membership as the (two each by the following: the International Labour Organisa- Industrial Development Board and meets twice a year. tion; the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- During 1976, the Permanent Committee held its seventh session tions; the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural from 5 to 23 April and its eighth from 6 to 10 September, both at Organization; the World Health Organization; the International Vienna, Austria. Civil Aviation Organization; and the International Atomic Energy Agency; and one each by the following: the World Meteorologi- Chairman: Noureddine Mejdoub (Tunisia). cal Organization; the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Vice-Chairmen: Yasue Katori (Japan), Luis Orlando Rodríguez Organization; and the International Telecommunication Union). (Cuba), Domingo L. Siazon (Philippines). Rapporteur: Bogdan Makowijczuk (Poland). The Board held two sessions in 1976, both at United Nations Headquarters, New York: its twenty-first, from 19 to 30 July; and United Nations Institute for Training and its twenty-second, from 2 to 4 November. Research (UNITAR) The Executive Director of the United Nations Institute for Train- Members in 1976: ing and Research reports, through the Secretary-General, to the United Nations General Assembly and, as appropriate, to the Economic and So- Representing the General Assembly. Representatives: G. J. cial Council. McGough, Vice-Chairman (Argentina); R. Schmidt (Germany, Federal Republic of). Alternates: S. Kuttner (United States); K. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Whalley (United Kingdom); S. Refshal (Norway); H. L. Morris The membership of the Board of Trustees of UNITAR consists (Liberia). of: (a) up to 24 members appointed in their personal capacities by Representing the Secretary-General. Representatives: H. F. the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Presidents of the Debatin (Germany, Federal Republic of); C. C. Timbrell General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council; and (United States). Alternates: W. H. Ziehl (United States); N. (b) four ex-officio members. Rathore (Pakistan); R. Gieri (United States). The Board held its fifteenth session at United Nations Headquar- Representing the Participants. Representatives: A. J. Friedgut ters, New York, from 14 to 16 September 1976. (South Africa); P. K. Tsien (China). Alternates: A. A. García (United States); J. M. Wood (United Kingdom); S. P. Pado- Members (until 30 June 1976): Jean M. L. Baillou (France); Hen- lecchia (Italy). ning Friis (Denmark); Felipe Herrera, Vice-Chairman (Chile); International Labour Organisation John Holmes (Canada); N. Inozemtsev (USSR); Josphat Representing the Governing Body. Representative: W. Yoffee Njuguna Karanja (Kenya); T. T. B. Koh (Singapore); Manfred (United States). Alternates: P. Juhl-Christensen (Denmark); Lachs (Poland); Lusibu Nkanza (Zaire); Gopalaswami Par- A. Heilbronner (France). thasarathi (India); Manuel Pérez Guerrero (Venezuela); Harvey Representing the Participants. Representative: S. Grabe, Rap- Picker (United States); Walter F. Rau (Germany, Federal Re- porteur (Sweden). Alternate: G. Perrin (France). public of); Najib Sadaka (Lebanon); Raymond Scheyven (Bel- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations gium); Toshio Shishido (Japan); Inga Thorsson (Sweden); Brian Representing the Governing Body. Representative: G. Lieber E. Urquhart (Secretariat); Arsène Assouan Usher (Ivory Coast); (Germany, Federal Republic of). Alternates: N. Oliveti (Italy); Piero Vinci (Italy); Sir Kenneth Younger, Chairman* (United J. S. Khan (Pakistan). Kingdom). Representing the Participants. Representative: P. Montanaro (Italy). Alternates: T. Rivetta (Italy); S. Taylor (United King- *Until his death on 19 May 1976. dom). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization In June 1976, the Secretary-General appointed a new Board, Representing the Governing Body. Representative: A. Y. Haile consisting of the following, for a term of three years, with effect (Ethiopia). Alternate: C. Hiraoka (Japan). from 1 July 1976: Representing the Executive Head: Representative: A. Chakour Lord Eric Ashby (United Kingdom); Jean M. L. Baillou (France); (Lebanon) (twenty-first session), A. Varchaver (United States) Abdulla Yaccoub Bishara (Kuwait); Edvard Hambro (Norway); (twenty-second session). Alternates: L. Marqués (Spain); G. Felipe Herrera, Chairman (Chile); Josphat Njuguna Karanja de Leiris (United States). (Kenya); T. T. B. Koh (Singapore); Manfred Lachs, Vice-Chairman World Health Organization (Poland); Gopalaswami Parthasarathi (India); Manuel Pérez Guer- Representing the Governing Body. Representative: Dr. A. rero (Venezuela); Harvey Picker (United States); Walter F. Rau Sauter (Switzerland). Alternates: Dr. R. Valladares (Germany, Federal Republic of); Missoum Sbih (Algeria); Ray- (Venezuela); Dr. A. Moulaye (Mauritania). The structure of the United Nations 1073

Representing the Executive Head. Representative: W. W. Furth WORKING GROUP ON THE FINANCING OF UNRWA (United States). Alternates: R. L. Munteanu (Romania); B. J. Members in 1976: France, Ghana (Vice-Chairman), Japan, Leba- Edwards (United Kingdom). non, Norway (Rapporteur), Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey (Chair- International Civil Aviation Organization man), United Kingdom, United States. Representing the Executive Head. Representative: N. Salathé (Switzerland). Alternate: S. E. Jayasekera (Sri Lanka). Representing the Participants. Representative: R. G. Pouliot United Nations Scientific Advisory Committee (Canada). Alternate: J. Marrett (Jamaica). The Advisory Committee did not meet in 1976. International Atomic Energy Agency Representing the Executive Head. Representative: L. Alonso de Members in 1976: Brazil, Canada, France, India, USSR, United Huarte (Spain). Alternate: W. B. Lynch (Australia). Kingdom, United States. Representing the Participants. Representative: W. Price (United States). Alternate: R. Dudley (United States). United Nations Scientific Committee on the International Telecommunication Union Effects of Atomic Radiation Representing the Executive Head. Representative: M. Bardoux The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of (France). Alternate: D. J. Musk, Chairman (United Kingdom). Atomic Radiation held its twenty-fifth session at Vienna, Austria, World Meteorological Organization from 6 to 15 September 1976. Representing the Participants. Representative: R. M. Perry (United Kingdom). Members in 1976: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Representing the Governing Body. Representative: W. Ertel (Po- India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Sudan, Sweden, land). Alternate: W. P. Clappin (United States). USSR, United Kingdom, United States.

Chairman: F. H. Sobels (Belgium). STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE PENSION BOARD Vice-Chairman: M. Klimek (Czechoslovakia). Members in 1976 (elected at the Board's twenty-first session): Rapporteur: Z. Jaworowski (Poland).

United Nations (Group I) United Nations Special Fund Representing the General Assembly. Representative: G. J. (to provide emergency relief and development assistance) McGough. Alternates: S. Kuttner, R. Schmidt, K. Whalley. Representing the Secretary-General. Representative: W. H. BOARD OF GOVERNORS Ziehl. Alternate: N. Rathore. The Board of Governors of the United Nations Special Fund Representing the Participants. Representative: A. J. Friedgut. consists of 36 members elected by the General Assembly from Alternates: P. K. Tsien, A. A. García. among Members of the United Nations or members of the special- Specialized agencies (Group II) ized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Mem- Representing the Governing Body. Representative: P. Juhl- bers serve three-year terms, the terms of one third of the members Christensen (ILO). Alternates: A. Heilbronner (ILO), W. Yoffee expiring each year. The Board reports annually to the General (ILO). Assembly through the Economic and Social Council. Representing the Executive Head. Representative: W. W. Furth The Board held two sessions during 1976, both at United Nations (WHO). Alternates: R. L. Munteanu (WHO), B. J. Edwards Headquarters, New York: its second, from 19 to 23 January; and (WHO). its third, on 31 March. Representing the Participants. Representative: L. Goll (IMCO). Specialized agencies (Group III) Members in 1976: Representing the Governing Body. Representative: G. Lieber To serve until 31 December 1976: Australia, Brazil, Chad, Iran, (FAO). Alternates: N. Oliveti (FAO), J. S. Khan (FAO). Kuwait, Madagascar, Netherlands, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Re- Representing the Executive Head. Representative: A. Chakour public, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Yugoslavia. (UNESCO). Alternate: L. Marqués (UNESCO). To serve until 31 December 1977:* Algeria, Argentina, Czecho- Representing the Participants. Representative: R. G. Pouliot slovakia, India, Nigeria,† Paraguay, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Swe- (ICAO). den, Turkey, Zaire. To serve until 31 December 1978: Costa Rica, France, Guyana, COMMITTEE OF ACTUARIES Japan,** Nepal, Norway, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan, USSR, The Committee of Actuaries consists of five members, each Upper Volta, Venezuela. representing one of the five geographical regions of the United Nations. *One seat reserved for Western European and other States remained unfilled in 1976. Members in 1976: A. O. Ogunshola, Region I (African States); K. †Not represented at the second session. Takeuchi, Region II (Asian States); E. M. Chetyrkin, Region III **Elected on 15 January 1976 by the Economic and Social (Eastern European States); G. Arroba, Region IV (Latin Ameri- Council, pursuant to a decision of the General Assembly of 17 can States); R. J. Myers, Region V (Western European and other December 1975. States). President: Ole Algard (Norway). Vice-Presidents: Miodrag M. Cabric (Yugoslavia), Carlos Giam- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine bruno (Uruguay), Kamal Abdul Gadir Salim (Sudan). Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) Rapporteur: Mian Qadrud-Din (Pakistan). Commissioner-General: Sir John Shaw Rennie. Deputy Commissioner-General: Thomas W. McElhiney. Executive Director of the United Nations Special Fund: Gabriel Van Laethem (acting). ADVISORY COMMISSION OF UNRWA In 1976, the Advisory Commission of UNRWA held one meeting, On 16 December 1976, the General Assembly elected the fol- on 9 September, at Amman, Jordan. lowing members for a three-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill 11 of the 12 vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Members in 1976: Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan, Leba- Ecuador, Fiji, Grenada, Iran, Madagascar, Mali, Netherlands, non (Chairman), Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, United Kingdom, Syrian Arab Republic, United Kingdom, United Republic of Cam- United States. eroon, Yugoslavia. 1074 Appendix III

Also on 16 December 1976, the Assembly authorized the Eco- concerned, including the United Nations Institute for Training and nomic and Social Council to elect two additional members: one for Research (UNITAR), who serve in their personal capacities for the remaining vacancy occurring on 31 December 1976 and an- six-year terms, the terms of one half of the members expiring every other, for a term ending on 31 December 1977. three years; (b) the Secretary-General, the Director-General of UNESCO and the Executive Director of UNITAR, who are ex- United Nations Special Fund for Land-locked officio members; and (c) the Rector of the University, who is nor- Developing Countries mally appointed for a five-year term. The General Assembly established the United Nations Special The Council held two sessions in 1976: its sixth, at Caracas, Fund for Land-locked Developing Countries on 15 December 1975 Venezuela, from 27 to 30 January; and its seventh, at Tokyo, and approved its statute on 21 December 1976. The Special Fund Japan, from 28 June to 2 July. was to operate as an organ of the Assembly, with its policies and procedures to be formulated by a 36-member Board of Governors. Members in 1976: The chief executive officer of the Special Fund, the Executive To serve until 2 May 1977:* Jacob Festus Ade-Ajayi, Chairman Director, to be appointed by the Secretary-General subject to the (Nigeria); Jean Bernard (France); Marcolino Gomes Candau confirmation of the Assembly, was to discharge his functions under (Brazil); Ismail Ghanem, Vice-Chairman (Egypt); Janusz W. the guidance and supervision of a Board of Governors and an Golebiowski (Poland); Aklilu Habte (Ethiopia);† Reimut Jo- Executive Committee, if established. The Executive Director had chimsen (Germany, Federal Republic of); Gopalaswami Par- not been appointed by the end of 1976. thasarathi (India); José Luis Romero (Argentina); Victor Emman- uel Sahini (Romania);† ** Seydou Madani Sy (Senegal);** BOARD OF GOVERNORS Victor Luis Urquidi (Mexico).** A 36-member Board of Governors of the United Nations Special To serve until 2 May 1980:* Asa Briggs, Vice-Chairman (United Fund for Land-locked Developing Countries was to be elected by Kingdom); Roger Gaudry (Canada);† Abdul-Razzak Kaddoura the General Assembly from among Members of the United Nations (Syrian Arab Republic);‡ Hans Lowbeer (Sweden); Yoshinori or members of the specialized agencies or of the International Maeda (Japan); Antonio Marussi (Italy); Joseph Maina Mungai Atomic Energy Agency, keeping in view the need for a balanced (Kenya);† ‡ Majid Rahnema, Vice-Chairman (Iran); Marcel representation of the beneficiary land-locked developing countries Roche, Vice-Chairman (Venezuela); Edward W. Weidner, Vice- and their transit neighbours, on the one hand, and potential donor Chairman (United States); Eric Eustace Williams (Trinidad and countries on the other. Tobago);† ** Keniz Fatima Yusuf (Pakistan).† ** Members were to serve for three-year terms, except that at the Ex-officio members: The Secretary-General, the Director-General first election the terms of one third of the members were to expire of UNESCO and the Executive-Director of UNITAR. at the end of one year and those of a further third, at the end of Rector of the United Nations University: James M. Hester. two years. The Board was to report annually to the Assembly through the *The terms of office, originally to expire on 31 December 1976 Economic and Social Council. for the first group of members and on 31 December 1979 for the The Board had not been elected by the end of 1976. second group, were extended by a decision of the Council at its seventh session. United Nations Staff Pension Committee †Did not attend the sixth session. The United Nations Staff Pension Committee consists of three **Did not attend the seventh session. members elected by the General Assembly, three appointed by ‡Abdul-Razzak Kaddoura (Syrian Arab Republic) and Joseph the Secretary-General and three elected by the participants in the Maina Mungai (Kenya) resigned with effect from 16 January 1976 United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund. The term of office of the and 6 April 1976, respectively. The resultant vacancies for the elected members is three years. unexpired portions of their terms were not filled in 1976.

Members in 1976: The Council has established three committees: the Programme Elected by Assembly (to serve until 31 December 1976). Mem- Committee, the Committee on Institutional Relations and the Com- bers: G. J. McGough, Chairman; S. Kuttner; R. Schmidt. Alter- mittee on Finance and Budget. nates: H. L. Morris; S. Refshal; K. Whalley. Appointed by Secretary-General (to serve until further notice). World Food Council Members: H. F. Debatin, Vice-Chairman; M. H. Gherab; C. C. The World Food Council, at the ministerial or plenipotentiary Timbrell. Alternates: W. H. Ziehl; D. Miron (until 10 June 1976), level, functions as an organ of the United Nations and reports to N. Rathore (from 10 June 1976); W. C. Vis; R. Gieri. the General Assembly through the Economic and Social Council. Elected by Participants (to serve until 31 December 1976). Mem- It consists of 36 members, nominated by the Economic and Social bers: A. J. Friedgut; P. K. Tsien; A. A. Garcia. Alternates: J. M. Council and elected by the Assembly according to the following Wood; A. Landau (until 31 January 1976); S. P. Padolecchia. pattern: nine members from African States, eight from Asian States, seven from Latin American States, four from socialist On 22 December 1976, the General Assembly elected the fol- States of Eastern Europe and eight from Western European and lowing for a three-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill the other States. Members serve three-year terms, with one third of vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Members: E. C. Gar- the members retiring each year. rido, M. Majoli, M. G. Okeyo; Alternates: S. Kuttner, A. Marpaung, During 1976, the World Food Council held its second session, R. Schmidt. from 14 to 17 June, at Rome, Italy. It was preceded by a series of Also in December 1976, the United Nations participants in the preparatory meetings held between 10 and 15 May, also at Rome. Fund elected the following for a three-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Members in 1976: Members: A. A. García, P. K. Tsien, A. J. Friedgut; Alternates: E. To serve until 31 December 1976: Australia, Colombia, Cuba, Albertal, A. Tholle, D. F. Mant. France, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Libyan Arab Republic, Mali, Pakistan, Romania, USSR. United Nations University To serve until 31 December 1977: Chad, Egypt, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, COUNCIL OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY United Kingdom, Venezuela. The Council of the United Nations University, the governing To serve until 31 December 1978: Argentina. Bangladesh, Can- board of the University, consists of: (a) 24 members appointed ada, Germany, Federal Republic of, Indonesia, Mauritania,* jointly by the Secretary-General and the Director-General of the Mexico, Rwanda, Somalia, Thailand, United States, Yugoslavia. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), in consultation with the agencies and programmes *Not represented at the second session. The structure of the United Nations 1075

President: Sayed A. Marei (Egypt). Executive Director: John A. Hannah. Vice-Presidents: Rubén González Sosa (Mexico), Kazi Anwarul Haque (Bangladesh),* V. Mordvinov (USSR). On 15 November 1976, the Economic and Social Council nomi- Rapporteur: Alexander A. W. Landymore (United Kingdom).* nated the following for election to the World Food Council: Aus- tralia, Cuba, France, Guatemala, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Madagas- car, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, USSR. They were *Elected on 14 June 1976 to replace, respectively, Abdul Momin elected by the General Assembly on 1 December 1976 for a three- (Bangladesh) and K. G. Ashton (United Kingdom), who were un- year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring able to attend the second session. on 31 December 1976.

The Security Council

The Security Council consists of 15 Member States of the United Ming-liang (until 5 August 1976), Feng Lieh-sun (from 5 August Nations, in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of the 1976). Assistant to head of delegation: Chi Shu-jang (until 21 United Nations Charter as amended in 1965. March 1976), Huang Pao-hsiang (from 28 July 1976). France. Army representatives: Brigadier-General C. Georges Fri- MEMBERS IN 1976 caud-Chagnaud; Lieutenant-Colonel Roland Francis Dubois; Permanent members: China, France, USSR, United Kingdom, Lieutenant-Colonel Bernard Gildas Fournier; Lieutenant-Colonel United States. Jean-Louis Crespin (until 19 June 1976), Lieutenant-Colonel Gé- Non-permanent members: Benin, Guyana, Italy, Japan, Libyan rard Henri Berge (from 20 June 1976). Air Force representative: Arab Republic, Pakistan, Panama, Romania, Sweden, United Lieutenant-Colonel Claude Cholin. Navy representative: Com- Republic of Tanzania. mander André P. Sauvage (until 31 July 1976), Commander Michel Charles V. B. Debray (from 31 July 1976). On 21 October 1976, the General Assembly elected Canada, USSR. Armed Forces representatives: Major-General V. S. Germany, Federal Republic of, India, Mauritius and Venezuela for Tovma (until 14 April 1976), Rear Admiral I. P. Sakulkin (from 16 a two-year term, starting on 1 January 1977, to replace Guyana, June 1976); Colonel V. I. Linkevitch (until 15 October 1976), Italy, Japan, Sweden and the United Republic of Tanzania, whose Lieutenant-Colonel L. V. Vorobyev (from 31 October 1976); terms of office were to expire on 31 December 1976. Lieutenant-Colonel V. N. Chernyshev; Captain 2nd Rank A. P. Koval. PRESIDENTS IN 1976 United Kingdom. Head of delegation: Lieutenant-General Sir Rollo The Presidency of the Council rotates monthly, according to the Pain. Army representatives: Brigadier Andrew Linton Watson; English alphabetical listing of its member States. The following Colonel Denis Arthur Bayly (until 31 July 1976), Colonel Brian served as Presidents during 1976: R. W. Barber (from 31 July 1976); Major Charles John Dawnay. Air Force representatives: Air Commodore Neville S. Hewlett; Month Member Representative Group Captain Albert D. A. Honley (until 21 August 1976), Group Captain Ernest S. Chandler (from 21 August 1976). Navy repre- January United Republic Salim Ahmed Salim of Tanzania sentatives: Rear-Admiral Roy William Halliday; Captain Walter February United States Daniel Patrick Moynihan Edward B. Godsal (until 29 October 1976), Captain Noel Bearne March Benin Thomas S. Boya (from 29 October 1976). Royal Marines representative: Colonel April China Huang Hua John Frederick Mottram. May France Louis de Guiringaud United States. Army representatives: Lieutenant General John Wil- June Guyana Rashleigh E. Jackson liam Vessey, Jr. (until 30 September 1976), Lieutenant General Frederick R. Wills Edward Charles Meyer (from 1 October 1976); Colonel William July Italy Piero Vinci August Japan Isao Abe R. D. Jones. Air Force representatives: Lieutenant General Mar- September Libyan Arab Republic Mansur Rashid Kikhia ion L. Boswell (until 26 October 1976), Lieutenant General Wil- October Pakistan Iqbal Ahmad Akhund liam G. Moore (from 26 October 1976); Colonel Nathaniel A. November Panama Jorge Enrique Illueca Gallagher. Navy representatives: Vice Admiral Joseph P. December Romania Ion Datcu Moorer; Captain Carl J. Lidel.

Collective Measures Committee Standing committees The Collective Measures Committee reports to both the General There are three standing committees of the Security Council, Assembly and the Security Council. (See above, under THE GEN- each composed of representatives of all Council members: ERAL ASSEMBLY.) Committee of Experts (to examine the provisional rules of proce- Disarmament Commission dure of the Council and any other matters entrusted to it by the The Disarmament Commission reports to both the General As- Council) sembly and the Security Council. (See above, under THE GEN- Committee on Council Meetings Away from Headquarters ERAL ASSEMBLY.) Committee on the Admission of New Members Military Staff Committee The Military Staff Committee consists of the Chiefs of Staff of the Ad hoc bodies permanent members of the Security Council or their representa- tives. It met fortnightly throughout 1976; the first meeting was held Ad Hoc Sub-Committee on Namibia on 8 January and the last, on 23 December. The Ad Hoc Sub-Committee on Namibia consists of all the mem- bers of the Security Council. It did not meet in 1976. Members in 1976: China. Army representative and head of delegation: Lin Fang (until 2 September 1976), Hsu Yi-min (from 2 September 1976). Air Chief Co-ordinator of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force representative: Chang Wu-tang (until 26 April 1976), Li Missions in the Middle East Chih-hung (from 27 August 1976). Navy representative: Yang Chief Co-ordinator: Lieutenant-General Ensio P. H. Siilasvuo. 1076 Appendix III

Committee of Experts Established by the Special Committee against Apartheid Security Council at Its 1506th Meeting The Special Committee against Apartheid reports to both the (on the question of micro-States) General Assembly and the Security Council. (See above, under The Committee of Experts consists of ail the members of the THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) Security Council. The chairmanship is rotated monthly in the En- glish alphabetical order of the member States. United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) The Security Council's Committee of Experts did not meet in Force Commander: Major-General Hannes Philipp. 1976. United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) Force Commander: Lieutenant-General Bengt Liljestrand (until 1 Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights November 1976), Major-General Rais Abin (Acting Force Com- of the Palestinian People mander, from 1 December 1976). The Committee reports to the General Assembly, which also requested the Security Council to consider the question of the United Nations Military Observer Group exercise by the Palestinian people of its inalienable rights recog- in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) nized by the Assembly. (See above, under THE GENERAL AS- Chief Military Observer: Lieutenant-Général Luis Tassara Gon- SEMBLY.) zález.

United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) Security Council Committee Established Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Cyprus: Javier in pursuance of Resolution 253(1968) concerning Pérez de Cuéllar. the Question of Southern Rhodesia Force Commander: Lieutenant-General Dewan Prem Chand (until The Committee consists of all the members of the Security 18 December 1976), Major-General James Joseph Quinn (from Council. 18 December 1976). On 7 April 1976, the Committee elected Iqbal Ahmad Akhund (Pakistan) Chairman and decided that the delegations of Guyana United Nations Truce Supervision Organization and the United Republic of Tanzania should provide the two Vice- in Palestine (UNTSO) Chairmen. Chief of Staff: Major-General Emmanuel Alexander Erskine.

The Economic and Social Council

The Economic and Social Council consists of 54 Member OFFICERS IN 1976 States of the United Nations, elected by the General Assembly, President: Siméon Aké (Ivory Coast). each for a three-year term, in accordance with the provisions of Vice-Presidents: Mehdi Ehsassi (Iran), Edouard Longerstaey (Bel- Article 61 of the United Nations Charter as amended in 1965 gium), Rafael Rivas (Colombia), Ladislav Smid (Czecho- and 1973. slovakia).

MEMBERS IN 1976 Subsidiary and other related organs To serve until 31 December 1976: Australia, Belgium, Colombia, Congo, Democratic Yemen, Egypt, German Democratic Repub- SUBSIDIARY ORGANS lic, Iran, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Jordan, Liberia, Mexico, In addition to three regular sessional committees, the Economic Romania, Thailand, United States, Zambia. and Social Council may, at each session, set up other committees To serve until 31 December 1977: Argentina, Bulgaria, Canada, and refer to them any question on the agenda for study and report. China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Gabon, Such committees may be committees of the whole or of limited Japan, Kenya, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, USSR, United Kingdom, membership. Yemen, Zaire. Other subsidiary organs reporting to the Council consist of func- To serve until 31 December 1978: Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, tional commissions, regional commissions, standing committees, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, France, Germany, Federal expert bodies and ad hoc and other related bodies. Republic of, Greece, Malaysia, Nigeria, Portugal, Togo, Tunisia, Those bodies marked * were set up or began to function during Uganda, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. 1976; those marked † were discontinued in 1976. The interagency Administrative Committee on Co-ordination On 5 November 1976, the General Assembly elected the follow- also reports to the Council. ing 18 States for a three-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Colombia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zea- Sessional committees land, Philippines, Poland, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Economic Committee Republic, Ukrainian SSR, United States, Upper Volta. Policy and Programme Co-ordination Committee Social Committee Special Economic Committee*† SESSIONS IN 1976 Organizational session for 1976, held at United Nations Headquar- ters, New York, from 13 to 15 January 1976. Functional commissions and subsidiaries Sixtieth session, held at United Nations Headquarters, New York, Commission for Social Development from 13 April to 14 May 1976. Commission on Human Rights Sixty-first session (first part), held at Abidjan, Ivory Coast, from 30 Ad Hoc Committee on Periodic Reports on Human Rights June to 9 July 1976. Ad Hoc Working Group (established by Commission resolution Sixty-first session (second part), held at Geneva, Switzerland, 8(XXXI)) from 12 July to 5 August 1976. Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts (established by Commission Resumed sixty-first session, held at United Nations Headquarters, resolution 2(XXIII)) New York, on 18, 25 and 27 October, 15 and 17 November and Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection 9 December 1976. of Minorities The structure of the United Nations 1077

Working Group (established by Sub-Commission resolution Inter-Agency Consultative Board of UNDP (IACB) 2(XXIV)) United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) Working Group (established by Sub-Commission resolution United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 11 (XXVII)) Governing Council Working Groups (established by Commission decision 7(c) United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) (XXXI)† and decision 6(a) (XXXII)*) United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Commission on Narcotic Drugs (UNRISD) Sub-Commission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related Matters in Board of Directors the Near and Middle East United Nations Special Fund Commission on the Status of Women Board of Governors Population Commission United Nations Special Fund for Land-locked Developing Coun- Statistical Commission tries* Board of Governors Regional commissions World Food Council Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) Sessional committees Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) Each of the sessional committees of the Economic and Social Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) Council consists of the 54 members of the Council. Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA) SESSIONAL COMMITTEES IN 1976 AND OFFICERS Standing committees Economic Committee. Chairman: Ladislav Smid (Czechoslovakia). Commission on Transnational Corporations Vice-Chairmen: Mian Qadrud-Din (Pakistan), Oliviero Rossi Intergovernmental Working Group on a Code of Conduct* (Italy). Committee for Programme and Co-ordination Policy and Programme Co-ordination Committee. Chairman: Ed- Committee on Housing, Building and Planning ouard Longerstaey (Belgium). Vice-Chairmen: Alaa Eldin Khai- Committee on Natural Resources rat (Egypt), Valentin O. Treviño (Mexico). Committee on Negotiations with Intergovernmental Agencies Social Committee. Chairman: Rafael Rivas (Colombia). Vice- Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations Chairmen: Fazlul Karim (Bangladesh), Eigil Pedersen (Den- Committee on Review and Appraisal mark). Committee on Science and Technology for Development Special Economic Committee. Chairman: Mehdi Ehsassi (Iran). Vice-Chairmen: Peter Dietze (German Democratic Republic), Expert bodies Henning Kjeldgaard (Denmark). Advisory Committee on the Application of Science and Technology to Development Committee for Development Planning Functional commissions and subsidiaries Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Group of Experts on Explosives Commission for Social Development Group of Rapporteurs of the Committee of Experts on the Trans- The Commission for Social Development consists of 32 mem- port of Dangerous Goods bers, elected for four-year terms by the Economic and Social Committee on Crime Prevention and Control Council. Group of Experts on Tax Treaties between Developed and Devel- The Commission did not meet in 1976. oping Countries United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names Members in 1976: To serve until 31 December 1976: Austria, Chile, Colombia, Ad hoc bodies Czechoslovakia, Iraq, Italy, Mauritania, New Zealand, Sudan, Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Working Group on Corrupt Practices* Thailand. Commission on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources To serve until 31 December 1978: Costa Rica, Cyprus, Egypt, Committee on Candidatures for Election to the International Nar- Finland, Gabon, Japan, Mali, Mexico, Romania, United Kingdom, cotics Control Board*† Zaire. Preparatory Sub-Committee for the World Conference to Combat To serve until 31 December 1979: Dominican Republic, France, Racism and Racial Discrimination* Grenada, Hungary, Indonesia, Lesotho, Mongolia, Netherlands, Sierra Leone, USSR, United States. Administrative Committee on Co-ordination On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected the following ten members for a four-year term starting on 1 January OTHER RELATED BODIES 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Chile, Committee on Food Aid Policies and Programmes Denmark, Ecuador, Guinea, Iraq, Italy, Madagascar, Philippines, Council of the United Nations University Poland, Turkey. Group of Experts on the Establishment of an International Re- search and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women† Commission on Human Rights International Narcotics Control Board The Commission on Human Rights consists of 32 members, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees elected for three-year terms by the Economic and Social Council. (UNHCR) Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme Members in 1976: United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) To serve until 31 December 1976: Austria, Cyprus, France, India, Executive Board Lebanon, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Sierra Leone, USSR, United Committee on Administration and Finance Republic of Tanzania. Programme Committee To serve until 31 December 1977: Byelorussian SSR, Costa Rica, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Ecuador, Egypt, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iran, Italy, Sene- Governing Council gal, United States, Upper Volta, Yugoslavia. Budgetary and Finance Committee To serve until 31 December 1978: Bulgaria, Canada, Cuba, Jor- Committee on Technical Co-operation among Developing dan, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Republic, Rwanda, Turkey, United Countries* Kingdom, Uruguay. 1078 Appendix III

The Commission held its thirty-second session at Geneva, Swit- serve in their individual capacities as experts, rather than as gov- zerland, from 2 February to 5 March 1976, with the following mem- ernmental representatives, each for a three-year term. bers† and their chief representatives: B y the end of 1976, a vacancy in the Sub-Commission had Austria: Felix Ermacora; R. Torovsky (alternate). Bulgaria: Members in 1976:* Wisam Al-Zahawi (Iraq), Bali Ram Bhagat Luben Pentchev, Vice-Chairman; Nedeltcho Datzkov, Christo Kha- (India), Abdelwahab Bouhdiba (Tunisia), José Joaquin Caicedo latchev (alternates). Byelorussian SSR: I. I. Antonovich; V. I. Perdomo (Colombia), Francesco Capotorti (Italy).† W. Beverly Lukyanovich, S. S. Ogurtsov (alternates). Canada: Yvon Beaulne. Carter, Jr. (United States), Aureliu Cristescu (Romania), I. J. D. Costa Rica: Gerardo Trejos; Miguel Mena (alternate). Cuba: Car- Durlong (Nigeria), Manouchehr Ganji (Iran), Branimir M. Jan- los Lechuga Hevia; Julio Heredia Perea, Miguel Alfonso Martinez, kovic (Yugoslavia), Renu Jotidilok (Thailand), Ahmed Mohamed Humberto Rivero Rosario (alternates). Cyprus: Michael A. Trianta- Khalifa (Egypt), Kezia Njeri Egeria Kinyanjui (Kenya), Antonio fyllides; Andreas V. Mavrommatis (alternate). Ecuador: Leopoldo Martínez-Báez (Mexico), José R. Martínez Cobo (Ecuador), Er- Benites, Chairman; Eduardo Tobar Fierro (alternate). Egypt: nesto Navarro Richardson (Nicaragua), Erik Nettel (Austria), Ahmed Mohamed Khalifa; Nabil Elaraby, Leila Emara, Mervate Gonzalo Ortiz Martín (Costa Rica), Mrs. Turkia Ould-Daddah Tallawy (alternates). France: Pierre Juvigny, Vice-Chairman; René (Mauritania), Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada (Pakistan), Nicole Ques- Gros (alternate). Germany, Federal Republic of: Gerhard Jahn; tiaux (France), E. Kofi Sekyiamah (Ghana), Freddie A. Short Dietrich von Kyaw (alternate). India: Rajan Nehru, Vice-Chairman; (Sierra Leone), S. N. Smirnov (USSR), T. C. van Boven (Nether- Ranjit Sethi (alternate). Iran: Princess Ashraf Pahlavi; Manou- lands), Benjamin Charles George Whitaker (United Kingdom). chehr Fartash (alternate). Italy: Giuseppe Sperduti; Francesco Margiotta Broglio, S. D'Andréa (alternates). Jordan: Waleed M. *Elected by the Commission on Human Rights on 6 March 1975 Sadi; Talal Hassan (alternate). Lebanon: Mahmoud El-Banna; to serve for three years with effect from the same date. Amine Fleyfel (alternate). Lesotho: Lekhanya E. Mathaba. Libyan Arab Republic: Kamel Hassan Maghur; Youssef Arebi (alternate). been created by the resignation of Francesco Capotorti (Italy). Pakistan: Ghulam Ali Allana; Afzal Mahmood, Ijaz Bukhari (alter- nates). Panama: Dídimo Ríos; José María Espino González (alter- The Sub-Commission held its twenty-ninth session at Geneva, nate). Peru: Luis Chávez-Godoy; Gloria Cebreros, Cord Dammert Switzerland, from 12 August to 1 September 1976, with the follow- (alternates). Rwanda: Fulgence Seminega; Antoine Ntashmaje (al- ing members and alternates: ternate). Senegal: Kéba M'Baye; Abdoulaye Diéye (alternate). Wisam Al-Zahawi;* Talal Nadim Pachachi (alternate) (Iraq). Bali Sierra Leone: Marian J. T. Kamara, Rapporteur. Turkey: A. Coskun Ram Bhagat;* Kewal Singh (alternate) (India). Abdelwahab Bouh- Kirca; Resat Arim (alternate). USSR: V. A. Zorin; D. V. Bykov diba (Tunisia). José Joaquín Caicedo Perdomo; Angela Herrán (alternate). United Kingdom: Sir Keith Unwin; David Broad (alter- (alternate) (Colombia). Francesco Capotorti;* Antonio Cassese nate). United Republic of Tanzania: Fatuma Tatu Nuru; Dorah N. (alternate) (Italy). W. Beverly Carter, Jr.; John Carey (alternate) J. Danieli (alternate). United States: Leonard Garment; Warren E. (United States). Aureliu Cristescu (Romania). I. J. D. Durlong;* Hewitt (alternate). Upper Volta: Charles Sériba Traore; Athanase Ibrahim Sulaiman Jimeta (alternate) (Nigeria). Manouchehr Ganji; Nanema (alternate). Uruguay: Carlos Giambruno; Graziella Dubra Shirin Amir Tahmaseb (alternate) (Iran). Branimir M. Jankovic; (alternate). Yugoslavia: Aleksandar Bozovic; Todor Bojadzievski Milutin Despotovic (alternate) (Yugoslavia). Renu Jotidilok; (alternate). Chandra Rabibhana (alternate) (Thailand). Ahmed Mohamed Khalifa; Leila Emara (alternate) (Egypt). Kezia Njeri Egeria Kinyan- On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected the jui, Rapporteur (Kenya). Antonio Martínez-Báez (Mexico). José R. following 11 members for a three-year term starting on 1 January Martínez Cobo, Chairman; Eduardo Tobar Fierro (alternate) 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Austria, (Ecuador). Ernesto Navarro Richardson;* Gaston Cajina (alter- Cyprus, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Syrian Arab Re- nate) (Nicaragua). Erik Nettel, Vice-Chairman; Heinrich Querner public, Sweden, Uganda, USSR. (alternate) (Austria). Gonzalo Ortiz Martín (Costa Rica). Mrs. Turkia Ould-Daddah* (Mauritania). Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada, AD HOC COMMITTEE ON Vice-Chairman; Khalid Saleem (alternate) (Pakistan). Nicole PERIODIC REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS Questiaux (France). E. Kofi Sekyiamah; John Ochere Eshun (alter- The Ad Hoc Committee did not meet in 1976. nate) (Ghana). Freddie A. Short* (Sierra Leone). S. N. Smirnov, Vice-Chairman; L. Dadiani (alternate) (USSR). T. C. van Boven; Members: France, India, Peru, Senegal, USSR, United Kingdom, Franz Weisglas (alternate) (Netherlands). Benjamin Charles United States, Yugoslavia. George Whitaker (United Kingdom).

*Did not attend the twenty-ninth session. AD HOC WORKING GROUP (to inquire into the situation of human rights in Chile, established by Commission on Human Working Group Rights resolution 8(XXXI) of 27 February 1975) (established by resolution 2(XXIV) of 16 August 1971 Members in 1976: Ghulam Ali Allana, Chairman/Rapporteur of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination (Pakistan); Leopoldo Benites (Ecuador); Abdoulaye Diéye and Protection of Minorities pursuant to Economic and (Senegal); Felix Ermacora (Austria); Marian J. T. Kamara (Sierra Social Council resolution 1503 (XLVIII)) Leone). The Working Group on communications concerning human rights held its fifth session at Geneva, Switzerland, from 26 July to AD HOC WORKING GROUP OF EXPERTS 6 August 1976. (established by Commission on Human Rights resolution 2(XXIII) of ff March 1967) Members in 1976: W. Beverly Carter, Jr. (United States); Ernesto Members in 1976: Amjad Ali (India); Annan Arkyin Cato Navarro Richardson (Nicaragua); Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada (Ghana); Humberto Díaz-Casanueva (Chile); Felix Ermacora (Pakistan); E. Kofi Sekyiamah, Chairman/Rapporteur (Ghana); (Austria); Branimir M. Jankovic, Vice-Chairman (Yugoslavia); S. N. Smirnov (USSR). Kéba M'Baye, Chairman/Rapporteur (Senegal).

SUB-COMMISSION ON PREVENTION OF Working Group DISCRIMINATION AND PROTECTION OF MINORITIES (established on 21 August 1974 by resolution 11(XXVII) The Sub-Commission consists of 26 members elected by the of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination Commission on Human Rights from candidates nominated by and Protection of Minorities) Member States of the United Nations, in accordance with a The Working Group on slavery held its second session at Ge- scheme to ensure equitable geographical distribution. Members neva, Switzerland, from 9 to 19 August 1976. The structure of the United Nations 1079

Members in 1976: José Joaquín Caicedo Perdomo (Colombia); Giuseppe di Gennaro, Alberto Mollica, A. Sabatino, Franco Testa Aureliu Cristescu (Romania);* Renu Jotidilok (Thailand);* Kezia (alternates). Jamaica: F. A. R. McGilchrist. Japan: Dr. Nobuo Njeri Egeria Kinyanjui, Co-Chairman/Rapporteur (Kenya); Ben- Motohashi; Takao Onishi (alternate). Kenya: A. A. Ouma. jamin Charles George Whitaker, Co-Chairman/Rapporteur Madagascar: Maurice Randrianame. Mexico: Pedro Ojeda Paul- (United Kingdom). lada, Chairman, Fernando Castro y Castro; Juan Barona-Lobato (alternate). Morocco: Mohamed Bel Ghazi; A. Samie (alternate). *Replaced, respectively, Branimir M. Jankovic (Yugoslavia) and Pakistan: Sahibzada Raoof Ali; V. N. Noon (alternate). Romania: Bali Ram Bhagat (India), who were unable to attend the second Dr. Dumitru Dobrescu; Mircea Manea (alternate). Sweden: Bror A. session. Rexed, Second Vice-Chairman; Bjorn-Erik Roos, Carl-Edvard Sturkell (alternates). Thailand: Chitra Posayanonda; Somsong WORKING GROUPS Kanchanahuta, Benja Soponpinich, Police Colonel Chavalit Yod- (to study situations revealing consistent patterns of mani (alternates). Togo: Dr. Faadji Johnson Dagbegnikin. Turkey: gross and reliably attested violations of human rights) A. Coskun Kirca; Dr. Tevfik Alan, Lieutenant-Colonel Cevat Alpas- lan, Resat Arim, Eyup Babacan, Numan Baycin, Husnu Dogan Working Group established by Commission on Human (alternates). USSR: Dr. E. Babaian, First Vice-Chairman; E. P. Rights decision 7(c) (XXXI) of 24 February 1975: Sviridov (alternate). United Kingdom: G. I. de Deney; Eric W. Call- Members: Ghulam Ali Allana (Pakistan);* Aleksandar Bozovic (Yu- way, D. G. Turner (alternates). United States: Sheldon B. Vance; goslavia); Dorah N. J. Danieli (United Republic of Tanzania); Robert L. Dupont, Betty C. Gough, J. N. Jenson (alternates). Yugo- Pierre Juvigny, Chairman/Rapporteur (France); Dídimo Ríos slavia: Dragan Nikolic. (Panama).† SUB-COMMISSION ON ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFIC AND * Appointed on 26 January 1976. RELATED MATTERS IN THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST †Replaced by José María Espino González (Panama) at the Members in 1976: Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Sweden, Turkey. 1976 meetings. In 1976, the Sub-Commission held a meeting at Geneva, Swit- Working Group established by Commission on zerland, on 17 February. It further undertook a study tour of the Human Rights decision 6(a) (XXXII) of 4 March 1976: Near and Middle East region from 9 to 23 October. Attending the Members:* Yvon Beaulne (Canada), Aleksandar Bozovic (Yugo- meeting and study tour were the following members and their slavia), Fulgence Seminega (Rwanda). representatives: Afghanistan: Mohammad Yahya Maroofi;* Amanullah Hasrat *Appointed on 5 March 1976. Two additional members re- (alternate). Iran: Dr. Hassan Ali Azarakhsh, Vice-Chairman; Beh- mained to be appointed by the end of 1976. ruz Shahandeh.* Pakistan: Sahibzada Raoof Ali. Sweden: Sten Stromholm.† Turkey: A. Coskun Kirca, Chairman; Ercument Yavu- Commission on Narcotic Drugs zalp.* The Commission on Narcotic Drugs consists of 30 members, elected for four-year terms by the Economic and Social Council *Attended the study tour only. from among the Members of the United Nations and of the special- †Nominated by the Government of Sweden on 13 February ized agencies and the parties to the Single Convention on Narcotic 1976 to replace Lars Norberg (Sweden). Drugs, 1961, with due regard for the adequate representation of (a) countries which are important producers of opium or coca Commission on the Status of Women leaves, (b) countries which are important in the manufacture of The Commission on the Status of Women consists of 32 mem- narcotic drugs, and (c) countries in which drug addiction or the illicit bers, elected for four-year terms by the Economic and Social traffic in narcotic drugs constitutes an important problem, as well Council. as taking into account the principle of equitable geographical distri- bution. Members in 1976: To serve until 31 December 1976: Belgium, Canada, China, Co- Members in 1976: lombia, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Madagascar, To serve until 31 December 1977: Australia, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Nicaragua. Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Romania, To serve until 31 December 1978: Byelorussian SSR, Dominican Togo, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom. Republic, Gabon, Indonesia, Senegal, Sweden, Thailand, USSR, To serve until 31 December 1979: Argentina, Canada, Colombia, United Kingdom, United States, Zaire. France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Hungary, India, Italy, To serve until 31 December 1979: Cuba, Denmark, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Pakistan, Sweden, Thailand, United France, German Democratic Republic, Iran, Mexico, Pakistan, States, Yugoslavia. Togo, Venezuela.

The Commission held its fourth special session at Geneva, Swit- The Commission held its twenty-sixth and resumed twenty-sixth zerland, from 16 to 27 February 1976, with the following members sessions at Geneva, Switzerland, from 13 September to 1 October and their chief representatives: and from 6 to 17 December 1976, respectively. Attending the Argentina: Felipe Manjón; José F. Vaccarezza (alternate). Aus- sessions were the following members and their chief representa- tralia: G. E. Sheen; Jennifer Morison-Turnbull (alternate). Brazil: tives: Fernando Ayres da Cunha. Canada: Dr. D. M. Smith, Rapporteur; Belgium: M. A. Coene; E. Foucart-Floor, S. Gerlo-Van Loey, J. T. R. McKim (alternate). Chile: Dr. Maria Rosa Mas Torner. Co- Harroy, Paul Noterdaeme,* S. Oschinsky, G. Van Duyse (alter- lombia: Diego Garcés-Giraldo. Egypt: Dr. Hamdy H. El-Hakim; Dr. nates). Byelorussian SSR: E. K. Romanovich; V. I. Lukyanovich Helmi Ghali Abdel-Messih, General Sami Assaad Farag, Abdel (alternate).* Canada: Rita Cadieux. China: (not represented). Co- Aziz Ahmed Hamdy, Kamel Khalil (alternates). France: Charles lombia: Ana Sixta González de Cuadros, Chairman; Angela Herrán Vaille; Jacqueline Balencie, T. J. M. Francfort, Germaine Hir- (alternate). Cuba: Esther Véliz Díaz de Villalvilla; María Yolanda lemann, François Le Mouel, C. Merlin (alternates). Germany, Fed- Ferrer Gómez, Leonor Rodríguez* (alternates). Denmark: Karen eral Republic of: Dr. Oskar Schroeder; Helmut E. Ehrhardt, Dr. Dahlerup; Nanna Dahlerup, Marianne Lehmann,* Tyge Lehmann, Christine Gaudich, Klaus-Ulrich Kersten, Dr. Eleonore Linsmayer, Grethe Fenger Moller (alternates). Dominican Republic: Diana Erich Strass (alternates). Hungary: Dr. Bela Boles; Bela Blaho Elisa Noelting (alternate). Egypt: Aziza Hussein; Minou Serry, Mer- (alternate). India: Jasjit Singh; Anand P. Agrawal, M. M. Sethi, Hari vate Tallawy (alternates). Ethiopia: (not represented). France: N. Sukhdev (alternates). Indonesia: Sastrosunarto H. Hargianto. Marcelle Stanislas-Devaud; Germaine Hirlemann (alternate). Ger- Iran: Dr. Hassan Ali Azarakhsh. Italy: Claudio Moreno, S. Callea; man Democratic Republic: Helga Hoerz; Hans-Juergen Micheel, A. Anfosso, Piero Asian, Massimo Bonomo, Romano Capasso, Horst Muller (alternates). Gabon: (not represented). Greece: Anna 1080 Appendix III

Venezi-Cosmetatos. Guinea: Sophie Maka. Hungary: Hanna Bo- (alternates). Kenya: Parmeet Singh. New Zealand: Ernest Alfred kor-Szego, Vice-Chairman; Gyorgy Szenasi (alternate). India: Harris. Sierra Leone: (not represented). Sri Lanka: Tissa Jaya- Shrimata Kamila Tyabji; K. S. Sodhi (alternate). Indonesia: Suwarni koddy. Sweden: Ingvar Ohlsson, Vice-Chairman; Lennart Fastbom Salyo;† Kustijah Prodjolalito (alternate). Iran: Mehdi Ehsassi; Mah- (alternate). Tunisia: Abdessalem Kamoun. Ukrainian SSR: N. N. naz Afkhami,† Haleh Esfandiari,† Homa Rouhi, Rapporteur, Shah- Artemyev. USSR: M. A. Korolev, Vice-Chairman. United Kingdom: naz Vokhshurfar* (alternates). Madagascar: Lucette Ramanant- Sir Claus A. Moser; Lawrence S. Berman (alternate). United soavina; Hafa Lamina (alternate). Mexico: Aida González States: Joseph W. Duncan, Rapporteur; J. Timothy Sprehe (alter- Martínez;† Gloria Brasdefer, José Luis Vallarta* (alternates). nate). Uruguay: (not represented). Venezuela: Andrés J. Boulton. Nicaragua: (not represented). Pakistan: Tazeen Faridi; Khalid Sa- leem (alternate). Senegal: Lena Gueye, Vice-Chairman. Sweden: On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected the K. Sonja Fredgardh,* Maj Britt Sandlund;† Karin M. Ahrland (alter- following eight members for a four-year term starting on 1 January nate).* Thailand: Princess Ng. Prem Purachatra. Togo: Adjoavi 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Brazil, Sika Thompson-Trenou;* Madoe Sivomey (alternate).* USSR: France, Japan, Malaysia, Panama, Romania, Sweden, United Tatiana Nikolaeva. United Kingdom: Janet R. Cockcroft, Vice- Kingdom. Chairman; Eric W. Callway (alternate). United States: Patricia Hutar; Shirley B. Hendsch, Virginia Y. Trotter (alternates). Regional commissions Venezuela: Verónica Peñalver de Lepage;† Irama Balza Rod- ríguez,* Blanca Canache Mata,† Rosa Lisboa de Necer* (alter- Economic and Social Commission for nates). Zaire: (not represented). Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific *Attended the resumed twenty-sixth session in December only. held its thirty-second session at Bangkok, Thailand, from 24 March †Attended the twenty-sixth session in September/October only. to 2 April 1976.

On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected the Members: Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, following 11 members for a four-year term starting on 1 January China, Democratic Kampuchea,* France, India, Indonesia, Iran, 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Bel- Japan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Mal- gium, Bulgaria, Germany, Federal Republic of, India, Japan, Libyan dives,*† Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Arab Republic, Madagascar, New Zealand, Niger, Peru, Trinidad Pakistan, Papua New Guinea,† Philippines, Republic of Korea, and Tobago. Samoa,* Singapore, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam,* Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tonga,* USSR, United Kingdom, United States. Population Commission Associate members: Brunei,* Cook Islands,* Fiji,* Gilbert Islands, The Population Commission consists of 27 members, elected for Hong Kong, Solomon Islands,* ** Trust Territory of the Pacific four-year terms by the Economic and Social Council. Islands, Tuvalu.*‡ The Commission did not meet in 1976. Switzerland, not a Member of the United Nations, participates in Members in 1976: a consultative capacity in the work of the Commission. To serve until 31 December 1976: Brazil, Costa Rica, Denmark, Netherlands, Niger, Romania, Rwanda, Thailand, Turkey. *Not represented at the thirty-second session. To sens until 31 December 1977: Ecuador, India, Japan, Mauri- †Maldives was included in the geographical scope of ESCAP tania, Panama, Tunisia, USSR, United Kingdom, United States. and admitted to its membership by a decision of 5 August 1976 of To serve until 31 December 1979: Finland, France, Ghana, In- the Economic and Social Council; Papua New Guinea was admit- donesia, Mexico, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Ukrainian ted as a full member on 27 August 1976. SSR. **Formerly known as the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. ‡Admitted as an associate member by a decision of 31 March On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected the 1976 of ESCAP. following nine members for a four-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Brazil, Chairman: Hammer de Roburt (Nauru). Dominican Republic, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Rwanda, Vice-Chairmen: Chai Tse-min (China), D. P. Chattopadhyaya Spain, Thailand, Zaire. (India), Sultan Ali Chaudhry (Pakistan), Chatichai Choonhavan (Thailand), Dugersurengyn Erdembileg (Mongolia), A. K. M. Statistical Commission Hafizuddin (Bangladesh), Govind Prasad Lohani (Nepal), Far- The Statistical Commission consists of 24 members, elected for rokh Najmabadi (Iran), Jun Shiozaki (Japan), Gerardo P. Sicat four-year terms by the Economic and Social Council. (Philippines), U Thein Maung (Burma).

Members in 1976: The following are the main subsidiary bodies of the Commission: To serve until 31 December 1976: Brazil, France, Hungary, Japan, Sri Lanka, Sweden, United Kingdom, Uruguay. For policy and direction: Advisory Committee of Permanent Repre- To serve until 31 December 1977: Canada, Gabon, New Zealand, sentatives and Other Representatives Designated by Members Sierra Leone, Tunisia, USSR, United States, Venezuela. of the Commission; Council of Ministers for Asian Economic To serve until 31 December 1979: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Co-operation. Ghana, India, Iraq, Ireland, Kenya, Ukrainian SSR. For sectoral review and project formulation and programming: Committee on Agricultural Development; Committee on Devel- The Commission held its nineteenth session at New Delhi, India, opment Planning; Committee on Industry, Housing and Technol- from 8 to 19 November 1976, with the following members and their ogy; Committee on Natural Resources; Committee on Popula- chief representatives: tion; Committee on Social Development; Committee on Argentina: Lelia Boeri de Cervetto; Eduardo Alberto Sadous Statistics; Committee on Trade; Committee on Transport and (alternate). Brazil: Isaac Kerstenetzky. Canada: David A. Worton, Communications; Special Body on Land-locked Countries. Bela Prigly (alternates). Czechoslovakia: Jan Kazimour. France: For project implementation: Committee for Co-ordination of Inves- André Vanoli (alternate). Gabon: (not represented). Ghana: (not tigations of the Lower Mekong Basin; Committee for Co-ordina- represented). Hungary: Jozsef Balint; Gyula Horvath (alternate). tion of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in Asian Off- India: V. R. Rao, Chairman; Uma Roy Choudhury, M. V. S. Rao shore Areas; Committee for Co-ordination of Joint Prospecting (alternates). Iraq: Sami Hamoudi Al-Jalil; Ismail Al-Janabi, Majid A. for Mineral Resources in South Pacific Offshore Areas; Typhoon J. AI-Karkhi, Widad Hamoudi (alternates). Ireland: Thomas Patrick Committee; Advisory Board, Asian Highway Co-ordinating Com- Linehan. Japan: Kinichiro Saito; Kazuo Nishino, Kanemitsu Tashiro mittee; Co-ordinating Committee* for the four regional training The structure of the United Nations 1081

and research institutions (Asian Centre for Development Ad- sion decisions of 15 April 1975, 30 March 1976 and 5 April 1976, ministration, Asian Development Institute, Asian Centre for respectively. Training and Research in Social Welfare and Development,† Asian Statistical Institute), as well as the separate Advisory Chairman: Gerhard Hahn (German Democratic Republic). Committee* for each. Vice-Chairman: Cornelio Sommaruga (Switzerland). Rapporteurs: V. I. Lukyanovich (Byelorussian SSR), Franz Weis- *Established during 1976, pursuant to Commission resolutions glas (Netherlands). of 4 April 1974, 6 March 1975 and 31 March 1976. The single Intergovernmental Governing Council to replace the governing The Commission has established the following principal subsidi- and/or advisory bodies of the regional institutions was not con- ary bodies: stituted in 1976. Chemical Industry Committee; Coal Committee; Committee on †Recommended for establishment by the International Confer- Agricultural Problems; Committee on Electric Power; Committee ence of Ministers Responsible for Social Welfare, held at United on Gas; Committee on Housing, Building and Planning; Committee Nations Headquarters, New York, from 3 to 12 September 1968, on Water Problems; Committee on the Development of Trade; and endorsed by the Economic and Social Council on 5 June 1969, Conference of European Statisticians; Inland Transport Commit- the Centre became operational on 15 June 1976. tee; Senior Advisers to ECE Governments on Environmental Prob- lems; Senior Advisers to ECE Governments on Science and Tech- Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) nology; Senior Economic Advisers to ECE Governments; Steel The regular biennial session of the Economic Commission for Committee; Timber Committee. Africa is at the ministerial level and is known as the Conference of Some of these committees have established subsidiary bodies, Ministers. including standing sub-committees and working parties. The Commission did not meet in 1976. Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) Members: Algeria, Angola,* Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cape The Economic Commission for Latin America did not meet in Verde, Central African Empire, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Egypt, 1976. Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Members: Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Arab Republic, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecua- Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and dor, El Salvador, France, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,* Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Africa,† Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, United Re- Paraguay, Peru, Surinam,* Trinidad and Tobago, United King- public of Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania, Upper Volta, dom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela. Zaire, Zambia. Associate members: Belize, West Indies Associated States (An- Associate members: The non-self-governing territories situated tigua, Dominica, St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, St. Lucia and St. Vin- within the geographical area of the Commission and States re- cent and the territory of Montserrat—collectively as a single sponsible for international relations in those territories (i.e. member). France, Spain and the United Kingdom). Switzerland, not a Member of the United Nations, participates in Switzerland, not a Member of the United Nations, participates in a consultative capacity in the work of the Commission. a consultative capacity in the work of the Commission. *Became a member following formal application for member- *Became members of the Commission on the date of their ad- ship on 30 April 1976. mission to membership in the United Nations: Angola, on 1 Decem- ber 1976; and Seychelles, on 21 September 1976. The Commission has established the following principal subsidi- †On 30 July 1963, the Economic and Social Council decided that ary bodies: South Africa should not take part in the work of the Commission Caribbean Development and Co-operation Committee, Commit- until conditions for constructive co-operation had been restored by tee of High-level Government Experts, Committee of the Whole, a change in South Africa's racial policy. Committee on Central American Economic Co-operation and its Inter-Agency Commission, Regional Committee on Electrical The Commission has established the following principal subsidi- Standards, Regional Group on Electricity Rates, Trade Commit- ary bodies: tee; Governing Council, Latin American Demographic Centre; Committee on Staff Recruitment and Training, Conference of Technical Committee, Latin American Institute for Economic and African Demographers, Conference of African Planners, Confer- Social Planning. ence of African Statisticians, Executive Committee, Intergovern- mental Committee of Experts for Science and Technology Devel- Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA) opment in Africa, Technical Committee of Experts, Trans-African The Economic Commission for Western Asia held its third ses- Highway Co-ordinating Committee; Governing Council, African In- sion from 10 to 15 May 1976 and its second special session on 22 stitute for Economic Development and Planning. and 23 August 1976, both at Doha, Qatar.

Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) Members: Bahrain, Democratic Yemen, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, The Economic Commission for Europe held its thirty-first session Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, at Geneva, Switzerland, from 30 March to 9 April 1976. United Arab Emirates, Yemen.

Members: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Byelorussian SSR, Officers, third session Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Chairman: Sheikh Nasser Bin Khalid AI-Thani (Qatar). German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Vice-Chairmen: Abdullah AI-Azmeh (Syrian Arab Republic), Bakr Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Khomais (Saudi Arabia). Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Swe- Rapporteur: Sabri Al-Sa'adi (Iraq). den, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, United King- dom, United States, Yugoslavia. Officers, second special session Chairman: Abdelrahman Hamad AI-Attiyah (Qatar). San Marino, Liechtenstein and the Holy See, which are not Vice-Chairmen: Mohamed AI-Fahd Al-lssa (Saudi Arabia), Abdul Members of the United Nations, participate in a consultative ca- Aziz Al-Rifai (Syrian Arab Republic). pacity in the work of the Commission in accordance with Commis- Rapporteur: Amer Khayat (Iraq). 1082 Appendix III

The Commission has established a Standing Committee to ad- To serve until 31 December 1977: Brazil, India, Indonesia,* Japan, vise on arrangements for the sessions and other meetings of the Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania, Zaire.† Commission and on other matters as needed. To serve until 31 December 1978: Belgium, Bulgaria, Byelorussian SSR, Chile, Denmark, Pakistan, United Kingdom. Standing committees *Elected on 12 May 1976. Commission on Transnational Corporations †Not represented at the sixteenth session. The Commission on Transnational Corporations consists of 48 members from all States, elected for three-year terms by the Chairman: Peter Hansen (Denmark). Economic and Social Council according to a specific pattern of Vice-Chairmen: Christo Kossev (Bulgaria), Michael G. Okeyo geographical distribution. (Kenya). The Commission held its second session at Lima, Peru, from 1 Rapporteur: Anwar Kemal (Pakistan). to 12 March 1976. On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council nominated Members in 1976: the following seven Member States of the United Nations, for elec- To serve until 31 December 1976: Barbados,* Brazil, Indonesia, tion by the General Assembly, for a three-year term starting on 1 Kenya, Kuwait,* Mexico, Netherlands, Senegal,* Sweden, Thai- January 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: land, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, USSR, United Kingdom, Argentina, Colombia, France, Sudan, Uganda, USSR, United United States, Zaire. States. They were elected by the Assembly on 21 October To serve until 31 December 1977: Argentina, Australia, Ban- 1976. gladesh,* Bulgaria, Colombia, Democratic Yemen,* Ecuador, France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- public of, Guinea,* Japan, Philippines, Sierra Leone,* Tunisia,* Committee on Housing, Building and Planning Zambia.* The Committee on Housing, Building and Planning consists of 27 To serve until 31 December 1978: Algeria, Canada, Gabon,* India, members, elected for four-year terms by the Economic and Social Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast,* Jamaica, Nigeria, Pakistan,* Peru, Council according to a specific pattern of equitable geographical Spain, Ukrainian SSR, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. distribution. The Committee did not meet in 1976. *Not represented at the second session. Members in 1976: Chairman: Eduardo Valdez (Peru). To serve until 31 December 1976: Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Vice-Chairmen: Abdelmadjid Fasla (Algeria), Evgeny Mateev (Bul- Guatemala, Indonesia, Iran, Spain, Togo, Uganda, United garia), Pieter Sanders (Netherlands). States. Rapporteur: Saroj Chavanaviraj (Thailand). To serve until 31 December 1977: Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Fin- land, Gabon, Iraq, Morocco, Thailand, Venezuela. On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected the To serve until 31 December 1979: Burundi, Ecuador, France, following 16 members for a three-year term starting on 1 January Greece, Japan, Trinidad and Tobago, USSR, United Kingdom, 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Brazil, United Republic of Tanzania. Cuba, Indonesia, Kenya, Kuwait, Madagascar, Mexico, Nether- lands, Panama, Sweden, Thailand, Uganda, USSR, United King- On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected the dom, United States, Zaire. following members for a four-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill seven of the nine vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: INTERGOVERNMENTAL WORKING Czechoslovakia, El Salvador, Ghana, Iran, Portugal, Uganda, GROUP ON A CODE OF CONDUCT United States. The Intergovernmental Working Group, a working group of the No further elections were held in 1976 for the remaining vacan- whole of the Commission, was established by the Commission at cies. its second session to formulate a draft code of conduct on transna- tional corporations. Committee on Natural Resources The Intergovernmental Working Group, which was to meet in- The Committee on Natural Resources consists of 54 Member tersessionally with the participation of at least four members of the States of the United Nations, elected for four-year terms by the Commission from each regional group, did not meet in 1976. Economic and Social Council, in accordance with the geographical distribution of seats in the Council. Committee for Programme and Co-ordination The Committee, acting as the preparatory committee for the The Committee for Programme and Co-ordination consists of 21 United Nations Water Conference pursuant to a decision of 31 July Member States of the United Nations, elected for three-year terms 1975 of the Council, held its first special session at United Nations according to a specific pattern of equitable geographical distribu- Headquarters, New York, from 23 to 27 February 1976. tion. Pursuant to a resolution of 20 November 1975 of the General Members in 1976: Assembly, the Economic and Social Council decided, on 15 Janu- To serve until 31 December 1976: Algeria, Austria, Bolivia, Brazil, ary 1976, to amend the Committee's terms of reference. It ap- Canada, Chile, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, proved the amended terms of reference on 14 May 1976, whereby Guatemala, India, Jamaica, Japan, Libyan Arab Republic, the Committee was to function as the main subsidiary organ of the Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Rwanda, Council and the Assembly for planning, programming and co-ordi- Syrian Arab Republic, Uganda, USSR, United Kingdom, Uru- nation, and was thus to report directly to both. In addition, the guay, Venezuela, Zaire.* Committee's members were to be elected by the Assembly on To serve until 31 December 1978.† Argentina, Australia, Egypt, nomination by the Council. (Under the previous terms of reference, France, Gabon,* German Democratic Republic, Iceland,* In- the Committee was responsible to the Council and through it to the donesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kenya, Kuwait, Netherlands, Nigeria, Assembly, and its members were elected by the Council.) Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Sudan, Sweden, Trinidad and The Committee held its sixteenth session at United Nations Tobago, Turkey, Ukrainian SSR, United States, Upper Volta, Headquarters, New York, from 10 May to 11 June 1976. Yugoslavia.

Members in 1976: *Not represented at the first special session. To serve until 31 December 1976: Argentina, France, Haiti, Togo, †The seat reserved for one member from Asian States was not Uganda, USSR, United States. filled in 1976. The structure of the United Nations 1083

Chairman: Leslie O. Harriman (Nigeria). Committee on Science and Technology for Development Vice-Chairmen: M. AI-Badri (Iraq), J. P. Bruce (Canada), V. I. Kryz- The Committee on Science and Technology for Development hanovsky (Ukrainian SSR). consists of 54 members, elected for four-year terms by the Eco- Rapporteur: Pedro Camacho-Sánchez (Venezuela). nomic and Social Council, in accordance with the geographical distribution of seats in the Council. It held its third session at United On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected the Nations Headquarters, from 2 to 20 February 1976. following members for a four-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill 24 of the 27 vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Members in 1976: Algeria, Bangladesh, Brazil, Burundi, Canada, Central African Em- To serve until 31 December 1976: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, pire, Colombia, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, India, Belgium, Chile, Germany, Federal Republic of, Jamaica, Japan, Jamaica, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Ro- Kenya, Madagascar, Mexico, Sierra Leone, Sweden, USSR, mania, Swaziland, USSR, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Zaire, United Republic of Tanzania,* Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire. Zambia. To serve until 31 December 1978.† Brazil, Bulgaria, Byelorussian No further elections were held in 1976 for the remaining vacan- SSR, Chad, France, Guatemala, India, Italy, Nigeria,* Pakistan, cies. Peru,* Poland, Romania, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States. To serve until 31 December 1979.† Austria, Canada, Central Afri- Committee on Negotiations with Intergovernmental Agencies can Empire,* Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ghana,* Greece,* In- On 13 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council decided that donesia, Iran,** Jordan, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Nether- the Committee on Negotiations with Intergovernmental Agencies lands, Philippines, Spain, Thailand. be reconstituted for the purpose of negotiating a relationship agreement between the United Nations and the International Fund *Not represented at the third session. for Agricultural Development. Members of the Council interested †The seat reserved for one member from Asian States was not in becoming members of the Committee were to communicate filled in 1976. their intention to the Secretary-General. **Elected on 12 May 1976. By the end of 1976, France, Italy and Japan had communicated their intention to become members of the Committee. Chairman: João Frank da Costa (Brazil). The Committee did not meet in 1976. Vice-Chairmen: Peter Jankowitsch (Austria), Masao Kanazawa (Japan), O. M. Pashkevich (Byelorussian SSR). Chairman: Rafael Rivas (Colombia). Rapporteur: Peter Gacii (Kenya).

On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected the Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations following members for a four-year term starting on 1 January 1977 The Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations consists of to fill 17 of the 18 vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: 13 members of the Economic and Social Council, elected for a Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Cuba, Germany, Federal term of four years by the Council according to a specific pattern Republic of, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Madagascar, Mexico, Portu- of equitable geographical representation. gal, Senegal, Sudan, USSR, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. The Committee held two meetings in 1976: on 15 April, at United No further election was held in 1976 for the remaining vacancy. Nations Headquarters, New York; and on 15 July, at Geneva, Switzerland. Expert bodies

Members (until 31 December 1978): Chile, Cuba,* Czecho- Advisory Committee on the Application of slovakia, France, Ghana, Iraq,† Japan, Kenya, Netherlands, Tu- Science and Technology to Development nisia, USSR, United Kingdom, United States. The Advisory Committee consists of 24 members appointed by the Economic and Social Council, on nomination by the Secretary- *Elected on 15 January 1976. General in consultation with Governments. Members serve in their †Elected on 12 May 1976. personal capacities for a term of three years. The Advisory Committee held its twenty-second session at Ge- Chairman: Pieter A. van Buuren (Netherlands) (April meeting), neva, Switzerland, from 22 November to 3 December 1976. Rafael Rivas (Colombia) (July meeting). Members (until 31 December 1977): Pierre Victor Auger (France); Committee on Review and Appraisal Bruce H. Billings (United States); Alfred Boettcher (Germany, The Committee on Review and Appraisal consists of 54 mem- Federal Republic of); Hendrik Brugt Gerhard Casimir (Nether- bers, elected by the Economic and Social Council for four-year lands); Carlos Chagas, Vice-Chairman (Brazil); Wilbert K. terms, in accordance with the geographical distribution of seats in Chagula, Chairman (United Republic of Tanzania); Guy B. Gres- the Council. ford, Vice-Chairman (Australia); J. M. Gvishiani (USSR);* Zafar The Committee did not meet in 1976. Ali Hashmi (Pakistan); Howe Yoon Chong (Singapore);* Kenneth S. Julien (Trinidad and Tobago); Naji Abdul Kadir Members in 1976: (Iraq);* Leszek Kasprzyk (Poland); Alexander Keynan (Israel); To serve until 31 December 1977:* Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Mohamed Liassine (Algeria);* M. G. K. Menon (India); Takashi Bolivia, Canada, Chad, Colombia, Egypt, France, Germany, Mukaibo (Japan); Mukendi Mbuyi Tshingoma (Zaire); Tiberiu Federal Republic of, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Iran, Ivory Muresan (Romania);* Marcel Roche (Venezuela); Hassan Saab Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Nether- (Lebanon); Kwaku Mawuena Sape (Ghana); Victor Luis Urquidi lands, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Zaire. (Mexico); Mohammed Yeganeh (Iran). To serve until 31 December 1979.† Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Do- minican Republic, Finland, German Democratic Republic, Hun- *Did not attend the twenty-second session. gary, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Sene- gal, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, The Advisory Committee has established regional groups for Uganda, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, United States, Yugoslavia. Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, Latin America and Western Asia, as well as a number of ad hoc working groups. *The seats reserved for two members from Asian States were not filled in 1976. Committee for Development Planning †The seats reserved for one member from African States and The Committee for Development Planning is composed of 24 two members from Asian States were not filled in 1976. experts representing different planning systems. They are ap- 1084 Appendix III pointed by the Economic and Social Council, on nomination by the nineteenth, from 16 to 20 August. Attending the sessions were: Secretary-General, to serve in their personal capacities for a term L. Andronov (USSR); W. K. Byrd (United States); T. Ellison, of three years. Vice-Chairman (Canada);* F. Goemmel (Germany, Federal Re- The Committee held its twelfth session at United Nations Head- public of); P. Marrec (France); L. Savi, Chairman (Italy); L. Spen- quarters, New York, from 29 March to 7 April 1976. cer, Vice-Chairman (United Kingdom).

Members (until 31 December 1977):* Chedly Ayari (Tunisia);† *Replaced H. Kemler (France), who served as Vice-Chairman Hendricus Cornelis Bos (Netherlands); Ester Boserup (Den- at the eighteenth session and who retired following the conclusion mark); Nurul Islam (Bangladesh); Saeb Jaroudi (Lebanon); Paul of that session. Kaya (Congo);† V. N. Kirichenko (USSR); Janos Kornai, Vice- Chairman (Hungary); Yoeri Z. Kyesimira (Uganda);** Julio A. Committee on Crime Prevention and Control Lacarte (Uruguay); John P. Lewis, Rapporteur (United States); The Committee on Crime Prevention and Control consists of 15 Ian M. D. Little (United Kingdom);† ** Alister Mclntyre members appointed by the Economic and Social Council on the (Grenada); J. H. Mensah (Ghana);† Saburo Okita (Japan); H. M. recommendation of the Secretary-General and with due regard for A. Onitiri (Nigeria); Jozef Pajestka (Poland); Giuseppe Parenti equitable geographical distribution. Members serve in their individ- (Italy); K. N. Raj (India); Jean Ripert (France);† Germánico Sal- ual capacities for a four-year term. gado, Chairman (Ecuador); Leopoldo Solís (Mexico); Widjojo The Committee held its fourth session at United Nations Head- Nitisastro (Indonesia).† quarters, New York, from 21 June to 2 July 1976.

*A vacancy which existed in 1975 remained unfilled in 1976. Members (until 31 December 1978): Tolani Asuni, Rapporteur †Did not attend the twelfth session. (Nigeria); Maurice Aydalot (France);* Nils Christie (Norway); **Resigned from the Committee: Yoeri Z. Kyesimira (Uganda), Mustafa EI-Augi (Lebanon); Marcel Ette Bogui (Ivory Coast); with effect from 9 June 1976; Ian M. D. Little (United Kingdom), Sergio García Ramírez (Mexico); Giuseppe di Gennaro, Chair- from 1 January 1976. The resultant vacancies for the unexpired man (Italy); Sa'id Hekmat (Iran); Wojciech Michalski, Third Vice- portions of their terms were not filled in 1976. Chairman (Poland); Jorge Arturo Montero-Castro, First Vice- Chairman (Costa Rica); Sir Arthur Peterson (United Kingdom); Committee of Experts on the Transport Ramananda Prasad Singh, Second Vice-Chairman (Nepal); of Dangerous Goods Richard W. Velde (United States); B. A. Viktorov (USSR);† Yip Members in 1976:* (experts appointed by the following countries): Yat-Hoong (Malaysia). Canada, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, Thailand, USSR, United Kingdom, *Resigned with effect from 30 June 1976; the resultant vacancy United States. for the unexpired portion of the term was not filled in 1976. †Did not attend the fourth session. *By the end of 1976, two additional members remained to be appointed, in accordance with a decision of 30 July 1975 of the Group of Experts on Tax Treaties between Economic and Social Council to enlarge the Committee's member- Developed and Developing Countries ship to 15. The Group of Experts did not meet in 1976.

The Committee of Experts held its ninth session at Geneva, Members in 1976: Riaz Ahmad (Pakistan), A. N. E. Amissah Switzerland, from 29 November to 8 December 1976. Attending (Ghana), Francisco O. N. Dornelles (Brazil), Simcha Gafny (Is- the session were: rael), Nathan Gordon (United States),* Yuji Gomi (Japan), L. Andronov (USSR); J. Curtis (United States); T. Ellison (Can- Adnan Bazer Kafaoglu (Turkey), Pierre Kerlan (France), Am- ada); S. Geryszewski (Poland); F. Goemmel (Germany, Federal brosio M. Lina (Philippines), Carlos C. Martínez Molteni (Argen- Republic of); Serm Hatakosol (Thailand);* P. Marrec (France); tina), S. R. Mehta (India), Thomas Menck (Germany, Federal Mahmud Sadeghipoor (Iran);† ** Walid Ismael Safwat (Iraq);* L. Republic of), Hamzah Merghani (Sudan), B. Pollard (United Savi (Italy); L. Spencer, Chairman (United Kingdom); H. Stamnes Kingdom), A. Scheel (Norway), C. Sivaprakasam (Sri Lanka), W. (Norway); K. Ueura (Japan).† H. van den Berge (Netherlands), Gilberto U. Vistoso (Chile), Max Widmer (Switzerland), Ahmed Zarrouk (Tunisia). *Made available by the Governments of Thailand and Iraq on 15 October 1976 and on 29 October 1976, respectively, to serve on *Died in September 1976; the resultant vacancy was not filled the Committee at its ninth session. in 1976. †Did not attend the ninth session. ** Nominated for appointment on 24 September 1976. United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names GROUP OF EXPERTS ON EXPLOSIVES represents various geographical/linguistic divisions, of which there Members in 1976: (experts appointed by the following countries): were 16 in 1976, as follows: Africa East; Africa West; Arabic; Asia France, Germany, Federal Republic of, United Kingdom, United East (other than China); Asia South-East; Asia South-West (other States. than Arabic); China; Dutch and German-speaking; East Central and South-East Europe; India; Latin American; Norden; Romano- The Group of Experts on Explosives held its sixteenth session at Hellenic; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; United Kingdom; Geneva, Switzerland, from 9 to 13 August 1976. Attending the United States and Canada. session were: The Group of Experts did not meet in 1976. W. K. Byrd (United States); E. Heinrich (Germany, Federal Re- public of); P. Marrec (France); E. G. Whitbread, Chairman (United Ad hoc bodies Kingdom). Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Working Group GROUP OF RAPPORTEURS OF THE COMMITTEE OF on Corrupt Practices EXPERTS ON THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS On 5 August 1976, the Economic and Social Council established Members in 1976: (rapporteurs appointed by the following coun- the Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Working Group to conduct an exam- tries): Canada, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Italy, ination of the problem of corrupt practices in international commer- USSR, United Kingdom, United States. cial transactions by transnational and other corporations, their in- termediaries and other parties involved. The Group of Rapporteurs held two sessions in 1976, both at The Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Working Group was to be com- Geneva, Switzerland: its eighteenth, from 1 to 12 March; and its posed of 18 members elected by the Council on the basis of The structure of the United Nations 1085 equitable geographical distribution, as follows: five from African iat of the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs States, four from Asian States, three from Latin American States, and Trade. two from socialist States of Eastern Europe and four from Western The Secretary-General of the United Nations and the executive European and other States. heads (or their representatives) of all member organizations and The Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Group held its first session at bodies attended meetings of ACC in 1976. United Nations Headquarters, New York, from 15 to 19 November The Administrative Committee has established a number of sub- 1976. sidiary bodies and working groups. Members:* Algeria, Colombia, Iran, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakis- Other related bodies tan, Sierra Leone, Uganda, United States, Venezuela, Zaire. Committee on Food Aid Policies and Programmes *During 1976, 12 of the 18 members required were elected, on The Committee on Food Aid Policies and Programmes, the gov- 27 October. erning body of the World Food Programme, consists of 30 mem- bers, of whom 15 are elected by the Economic and Social Council Chairman: Rafael Rivas (Colombia). and 15 by the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), from Member States of the United Na- Commission on Permanent Sovereignty tions or from members of FAO. Members serve for three-year over Natural Resources terms. The Commission on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Re- The Committee reports annually to the Economic and Social sources, which has not met since 1961, reported to the Economic Council and to the FAO Council. It also submits periodic and spe- and Social Council, as requested by the General Assembly. (See cial reports to the World Food Council. above, under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) The Committee held two sessions in 1976, both at Rome, Italy: its first, from 26 April to 6 May; and its second, from 15 to 24 Committee on Candidatures for Election to the November. International Narcotics Control Board The Committee, originally established by the Economic and So- Members in 1976: cial Council on 4 March 1966, was re-established by the Council To serve until 31 December 1976: on 15 January 1976 for the purpose of selecting nominees for Elected by Economic and Social Council: Argentina,* Chile, Ire- election to the International Narcotics Control Board for a term of land, Malawi, United Kingdom. office from 2 March 1977 to 1 March 1980. Elected by FAO Council: France, Germany, Federal Republic of The Committee held a closed session at Geneva, Switzerland, (Second Vice-Chairman), Nicaragua, Senegal, Switzerland. on 25 and 26 March 1976. To serve until 31 December 1977: Elected by Economic and Social Council: Hungary, Mauritania, Members: France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Italy, Philippines,* Sweden, Turkey. Japan, Mexico, Turkey (Chairman), United Kingdom, United Elected by FAO Council: Australia, Canada, India, Saudi Arabia States. (Chairman), United States. To serve until 31 December 1978: Preparatory Sub-Committee for the World Conference Elected by Economic and Social Council: Belgium,* Denmark, to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination Ethiopia,† Japan, Pakistan. In pursuance of General Assembly resolution 3057(XXVIII) of 2 Elected by FAO Council: Brazil, Congo (First Vice-Chairman), November 1973, which called for the convening of a world confer- Indonesia, Netherlands, Uganda. ence on combating racial discrimination as a major feature of the Programme for the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and *Elected on 15 January 1976. Racial Discrimination,12 the Economic and Social Council author- †Elected on 12 May 1976. ized its President on 11 May 1976 to appoint, in consultation with regional groups, a committee of 16 members of the Council to act On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected as the Council's sub-committee to complete preparations for the Argentina, Guatemala, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Zaire for conference. a three-year term starting on 1 January 1977 to fill five of the By the end of 1976, the members had not been appointed. vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976. On 8 December 1976, the FAO Council elected Egypt, France, Administrative Committee on Co-ordination Germany, Federal Republic of, Guinea and Trinidad and Tobago The membership of the Administrative Committee on Co-ordina- for the same term to fill the remaining vacancies. tion (ACC) includes, under the chairmanship of the Secretary- General of the United Nations, also the executive heads of the Executive Director of the World Food Programme: Francisco following organizations: International Labour Organisation; Food Aquino (until 15 May 1976), Thomas C. M. Robinson (ad in- and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; United Nations terim) (from 16 May 1976). Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; World Health Organization; International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop- Council of the United Nations University ment; International Monetary Fund; International Civil Aviation The Council, which is the governing board of the United Nations Organization; Universal Postal Union; International Telecommuni- University, reports annually to the General Assembly, to the Eco- cation Union; World Meteorological Organization; Inter-Govern- nomic and Social Council and to the Executive Board of the United mental Maritime Consultative Organization; World Intellectual Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization through Property Organization; International Atomic Energy Agency. the Secretary-General and the Director-General of UNESCO. Also taking part in the work of ACC as full members are the (See above, under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) United Nations Under-Secretaries-General for Economic and So- cial Affairs and for Administration and Management, and the exec- Group of Experts on the Establishment utive heads of the following bodies: United Nations Conference on of an International Research and Training Trade and Development; United Nations Environment Programme; Institute for the Advancement of Women United Nations Industrial Development Organization; United Na- The Secretary-General reported to the Economic and Social tions Development Programme; World Food Programme; United Council at its sixtieth session on the basis of the Group's recom- Nations Children's Fund; Office of the United Nations High Com- mendations. (See above, under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) missioner for Refugees; United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East; United Nations Institute for Training and Research; and the executive head of the secretar- 12 See Y.U.N., 1973, pp. 523-27. 1086 Appendix III

International Narcotics Control Board Members: The International Narcotics Control Board, established under the To serve until 31 July 1976: Central African Republic, Egypt, terms of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, consists France, Italy, Japan, Peru, Poland, Rwanda, USSR, United of 11 members elected by the Economic and Social Council, 3 States. from candidates nominated by the World Health Organization To serve until 31 July 1977: Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Finland, (WHO) and 8 from candidates nominated by Members of the Germany, Federal Republic of, India, Pakistan, Thailand, United Nations and parties to the Single Convention. Members Uganda, Yugoslavia. serve in their individual capacities for a three-year term. To serve until 31 July 1978: Benin, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Guinea, In- On 8 August 1975, the 1972 Protocol Amending the Single Con- donesia, Netherlands, Philippines, Sweden, Switzerland, United vention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, entered into force, whereby, Kingdom. among other things, the Board's membership was to be increased from 11 to 13, 3 from candidates nominated by WHO and 10 from Officers (until 31 July 1976): candidates nominated by Members of the United Nations and par- Chairman: Hans Conzett (Switzerland). ties to the Single Convention, and the term of office was to be First Vice-Chairman: Kamal Mahmoud EI-Hasany (Egypt). extended from three to five years. However, at the election of the Second Vice-Chairman: Boguslaw Kozusznik (Poland). enlarged Board, six of the members, to be chosen by lot, were to Third Vice-Chairman: Roberto Rueda-Williamson (Colombia). serve for a term of three years, and seven, for a term of five years, Fourth Vice-Chairman: Callixte Habamenshi (Rwanda). so as to initiate the process of rotation every three years. On 15 January 1976, the Council decided that the Board, as On 15 January 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected constituted under the 1972 Protocol, was to enter upon its duties Brazil, Japan, Poland and the USSR, and on 12 May 1976 it on 2 March 1977, following the expiration on 1 March 1977 of the elected France, Italy, Morocco, the United Republic of Cameroon, term of the current members. the United Republic of Tanzania and the United States, all for a The Board held two sessions in 1976, both at Geneva, Switzer- three-year term starting on 1 August 1976 to fill the vacancies land: its eighteenth, from 17 to 28 May; and its nineteenth, from 14 occurring on 31 July 1976. October to 5 November. Members: Members (until 1 March 1977): To serve until 31 July 1977: Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Finland, Elected from candidates nominated by WHO: Michel A. Attisso Germany, Federal Republic of, India, Pakistan, Thailand, (Togo); Dr. Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (Mexico); Dr. Sukru Kay- Uganda, Yugoslavia. makcalan, Vice-President (Turkey). To serve until 31 July 1978: Benin, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Guinea, In- Elected from candidates nominated by Governments: D. P. Anand, donesia, Netherlands, Philippines, Sweden, Switzerland, United Vice-President (India); Dr. N. K. Barkov (USSR); Ross A. Chap- Kingdom. man (Canada); Sir Frederick Mason (United Kingdom); Dr. Vic- To serve until 31 July 1979: Brazil, France, Italy, Japan, Morocco, torio V. Olguin (Argentina); Martin R. Pollner (United States); Poland, USSR, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic Paul Reuter, President (France); Dr. Tsutomu Shimomura of Tanzania, United States. (Japan). Officers (from 1 August 1976): On 12 and 13 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council Chairman: Antonio Ordóñez-Plaja (Colombia). elected the following 13 members for terms starting on 2 March First Vice-Chairman: Zaki Hasan (Pakistan). 1977: Dr. Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (Mexico), Dr. Helmut E. Second Vice-Chairman: Boguslaw Kozusznik (Poland). Ehrhardt (Germany, Federal Republic of), Dr. Diego Garcés- Third Vice-Chairman: Mamadou Maxime Camara (Guinea). Giraldo (Colombia), Mohsen Kchouk (Tunisia), Dr. Ahmed Wagdi Fourth Vice-Chairman: Reino Rissanen (Finland). Sadek (Egypt) and Dr. Tsutomu Shimomura (Japan), for a period of three years; and Dr. N. K. Barkov (USSR), Daniel Bovet (Italy), Executive Director of UNICEF: Henry R. Labouisse. Dr. Tadeusz L. Chrusciel (Poland), Betty C. Gough (United States), Dr. Sukru Kaymakcalan (Turkey), Paul Reuter (France) and Dr. COMMITTEE ON ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE Jehan Shah Saleh (Iran), for a period of five years. Members: To serve until 31 July 1976: Bulgaria, Canada, Cuba, Egypt, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, India, Indonesia, Japan, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Rwanda, Sweden, for Refugees (UNHCR) USSR, United Kingdom, United States. To serve from 1 August 1976: Bulgaria, Canada, Cuba, France, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE Germany, Federal Republic of, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mo- HIGH COMMISSIONER'S PROGRAMME rocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Sweden, The Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Pro- Switzerland, USSR, United Kingdom, United States. gramme reports to the General Assembly through the Economic Ex-officio members: Chairman of the Executive Board, Chairman and Social Council. (See above, under THE GENERAL ASSEM- of the Programme Committee. BLY.) Chairman: M. A. Sriamin (Indonesia). United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) The United Nations Children's Fund participates in the activities PROGRAMME COMMITTEE of the Protein Advisory Group of the United Nations System and The Programme Committee is a committee of the whole of collaborates with the World Health Organization in a UNICEF/ UNICEF. WHO Joint Committee on Health Policy. Chairman: Ferdinand Léopold Oyono (United Republic of Cam- EXECUTIVE BOARD eroon). The Executive Board of UNICEF consists of 30 members elected by the Economic and Social Council from Member States United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) of the United Nations or members of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency, for three-year terms. GOVERNING COUNCIL In 1976, the Executive Board held a series of meetings between The Governing Council of the United Nations Development Pro- 17 and 28 May, and an organizational meeting (with its composition gramme consists of 48 members, elected by the Economic and as of 1 August 1976) on 28 May. All meetings were held at United Social Council from Member States of the United Nations or mem- Nations Headquarters, New York. bers of the specialized agencies or of the IAEA. The structure of the United Nations 1087

Twenty-seven seats are allocated to developing countries as the heads of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Devel- follows: 11 to African countries, 9 to Asian countries and Yugo- opment and the United Nations Industrial Development Organiza- slavia, and 7 to Latin American countries. tion. Twenty-one seats are allocated to economically more advanced The Executive Directors of the United Nations Children's Fund, countries as follows: 17 to Western European and other countries, the World Food Programme and the United Nations Environment and 4 to Eastern European countries. Programme, as well as the United Nations High Commissioner for The term of office is three years, one third of the members being Refugees, are invited to participate, as appropriate, in the meet- elected each year. ings of the Board. The Governing Council held its twenty-first session at United The Board, which meets under the chairmanship of the Adminis- Nations Headquarters, New York, from 15 January to 4 February trator of UNDP, held its twenty-first session at Geneva, Switzer- 1976; and its twenty-second session at Geneva, Switzerland, from land, on 6 April 1976; and its twenty-second session at United 15 June to 5 July 1976. Nations Headquarters, New York, on 22 October 1976. Repre- sented at the sessions were: Members in 1976: United Nations; International Labour Organisation; Food and Ag- To serve until 31 December 1976: Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cen- riculture Organization of the United Nations; United Nations Educa- tral African Empire, Chad, France, Ghana, Hungary, Kuwait, tional, Scientific and Cultural Organization; World Health Organi- Lesotho, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia, zation; International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; Sweden. International Monetary Fund;* International Civil Aviation Organi- To serve until 31 December 1977: Argentina, Benin, Bulgaria, zation; Universal Postal Union; International Telecommunication China, Finland, Germany, Federal Republic of, Guyana, In- Union; World Meteorological Organization; Inter-Governmental donesia, Malawi, Malta, Netherlands, Niger, Peru, Poland, Sri Maritime Consultative Organization; World Intellectual Property Lanka, Switzerland. Organization; International Atomic Energy Agency; and United Na- To serve until 31 December 1978: Austria, Colombia, Cuba, Den- tions Conference on Trade and Development, United Nations In- mark, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Mali, Mexico, Sierra Leone, Tu- dustrial Development Organization, United Nations Children's nisia, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Yemen. Fund, World Food Programme, United Nations Environment Pro- gramme, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,* President: Ricardo Alarcón de Quesada (Cuba). United Nations Fund for Population Activities† and UNDP. First Vice-President: Knut Hedemann (Norway). Second Vice-President: Illa Salifou (Niger). *Not represented at the twenty-second session. Third Vice-President: Antoni Czarkowski (Poland). †Participates in the sessions of the Inter-Agency Consultative Rapporteur: Arundhati Ghose (India). Board at the request of the Board and the Administrator of UNDP.

On 12 May 1976, the Economic and Social Council elected the UNITED NATIONS FUND FOR POPULATION following 16 members for a three-year term starting on 1 January ACTIVITIES (UNFPA) 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1976: Aus- The United Nations Fund for Population Activities is under the tralia, Belgium, Brazil, Burundi, Canada, Congo, France, Guinea, authority of the General Assembly. Over-all policy guidance is Kuwait, Madagascar, Norway, Pakistan, Romania, Swaziland, provided by the Economic and Social Council and financial and Sweden, Thailand. administrative policy guidance, by the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme. Administrator of UNDP: Rudolph A. Peterson (until 15 January 1976), F. Bradford Morse (from 16 January 1976). Executive Director: Rafael M. Salas. Deputy Administrator (Administrative): Bert H. Lindstrom (until 1 August 1976). United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Deputy Administrator (Programme): Indraprasad G. Patel. GOVERNING COUNCIL BUDGETARY AND FINANCE COMMITTEE The Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Pro- The Budgetary and Finance Committee, a committee of the gramme, established by the General Assembly, reports to the whole, held two series of meetings in 1976: one, at United Nations Assembly through the Economic and Social Council. (See above, Headquarters, New York, between 12 and 30 January; and an- under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) other, at Geneva, Switzerland, between 14 June and 1 July. United Nations Institute for Training Chairman: Knut Hedemann (Norway). and Research (UNITAR) Rapporteur: Ernesto C. Garrido (Philippines). The Executive Director of the United Nations Institute for Train- ing and Research reports to the General Assembly and, as appro- COMMITTEE ON TECHNICAL priate, to the Economic and Social Council. (See above, under THE CO-OPERATION AMONG DEVELOPING COUNTRIES GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) The Committee on Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries, a committee of the whole whose establishment by the United Nations Research Institute for Governing Council was endorsed by the General Assembly on 4 Social Development (UNRISD) December 1974, began functioning in 1976. It held two series of meetings in 1976: one, between 16 and 28 January, at United BOARD OF DIRECTORS Nations Headquarters, New York; and another, between 24 June The Board of Directors consists of: and 2 July, at Geneva, Switzerland. The Chairman, appointed by the Secretary-General: Mohamed Diawara (Ivory Coast); Chairman: Illa Salifou (Niger). Seven members, nominated by the Commission for Social Devel- Rapporteur: Francisco González de Cossío (Mexico). opment and confirmed by the Economic and Social Council for a four-year term (to serve until 30 June 1977) as follows: INTER-AGENCY CONSULTATIVE BOARD Jacques Delors (France), Gunnar Karl Myrdal (Sweden), Kha- OF UNDP (IACB) leeq Ahmed Naqvi (India), H. M. A. Onitiri (Nigeria), Berislaw The Inter-Agency Consultative Board consists of the Administra- Sefer (Yugoslavia), Eleanor Bernert Sheldon (United States), tor of UNDP, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the Rodolfo Stavenhagen (Mexico); executive heads of the specialized agencies—excepting the Inter- Eight other members as follows: a representative of the Secretary- national Finance Corporation and the International Development General, the Director of the Latin American Institute for Eco- Association—and of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and nomic and Social Planning, the Director of the Asian Develop- 1088 Appendix III

ment Institute, the Director of the African Institute for Economic and Social Council. (See above, under THE GENERAL ASSEM- Development and Planning, the Executive Secretary of the Eco- BLY.) nomic Commission for Western Asia, the Director of UNRISD (ex officio), and the representatives of two of the following spe- cialized agencies appointed in annual rotation: United Nations United Nations Special Fund for Land-locked Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and World Developing Countries Health Organization (members); International Labour Organisa- tion and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations BOARD OF GOVERNORS (observers). A Board of Governors of the United Nations Special Fund for Land-locked Developing Countries was to report to the General The Board of Directors reports to the Economic and Social Assembly through the Economic and Social Council. (See above, Council through the Commission for Social Development. under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.)

United Nations Special Fund World Food Council The World Food Council, an organ of the United Nations at the BOARD OF GOVERNORS ministerial or plenipotentiary level, reports to the General Assem- The Board of Governors of the United Nations Special Fund bly through the Economic and Social Council. (See above, under reports annually to the General Assembly through the Economic THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.)

The Trusteeship Council

Article 86 of the United Nations Charter lays down that the Trus- MEMBERS IN 1976 teeship Council shall consist of the following: Member administering a Trust Territory: United States. Non-administering members: China, France, USSR, United King- Members of the United Nations administering Trust Territories; dom. Permanent members of the Security Council which do not adminis- ter Trust Territories; SESSION IN 1976 As many other members elected for a three-year term by the The Trusteeship Council held its forty-third session at United General Assembly as will ensure that the membership of the Nations Headquarters, New York, from 29 June to 13 July 1976. Council is equally divided between United Nations Members which administer Trust Territories and those which do not.* OFFICERS IN 1976 President: Guy Scalabre (France). Vice-President: James Murray (United Kingdom). *During 1976, only one Member of the United Nations was an administering member of the Trusteeship Council, while four per- United Nations Visiting Mission to the Trust manent members of the Security Council continued as non-admin- Territory of the Pacific Islands, 1976 istering members. Therefore, the parity called for by Article 86 of Members and representatives: Bertrand de Guilhem de Lataillade the Charter was not maintained. (France); James Murray, Chairman (United Kingdom).

The International Court of Justice

Judges of the Court The International Court of Justice consists of 15 Judges elected Registrar: Stanislas R. Aquarone. for nine-year terms by the General Assembly and the Security Deputy Registrar: William Tait. Council, each voting independently. The following were the Judges of the Court serving in 1976, Chamber of Summary Procedure listed in the order of precedence: (as constituted by the Court on 17 February 1976) Members: Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga, Nagendra Singh, Isaac Forster, Hardy Cross Dillard, Sir Humphrey Waldock. Country of End of Substitute members: Taslim Olawale Elias, Salah El Dine Judge nationality term* Tarazi. Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga, President Uruguay 1979 Parties to the Court's Statute Nagendra Singh, Vice-President India 1982 All Members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to the Isaac Forster Senegal 1982 Statute of the International Court of Justice. The following non- André Gros France 1982 members have also become parties to the Court's Statute: Liech- Manfred Lachs Poland 1985 tenstein, San Marino, Switzerland. Hardy Cross Dillard United States 1979 Louis Ignacio-Pinto Benin 1979 Federico de Castro Spain 1979 States accepting the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court Platon D. Morozov USSR 1979 Declarations made by the following States accepting the Court's Sir Humphrey Waldock United Kingdom 1982 compulsory jurisdiction (or made under the Statute of the Perma- José María Ruda Argentina 1982 nent Court of international Justice and deemed to be an accept- Hermann Mosler Germany, Federal Republic of 1985 ance of the jurisdiction of the International Court) were in force at Taslim Olawale Elias Nigeria 1985 Salah El Dine Tarazi Syrian Arab Republic 1985 the end of 1976: Shigeru Oda Japan 1985 Australia, Austria, Belgium, Botswana, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Democratic Kampuchea, Denmark, Dominican Re- *Term expires on 5 February of the year indicated. public, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, Gambia, Haiti, Honduras, India, The structure of the United Nations 1089

Israel, Japan, Kenya, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malawi, Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization; World Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Intellectual Property Organization. Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Portugal, So- malia, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Uganda, United Committees of the Court Kingdom, United States, Uruguay. The Court has established the following committees, all of which are standing committees except for the Committee for the Revision Organs authorized to request advisory of the Rules of Court. opinions from the Court Authorized by the United Nations Charter to request opinions on BUDGETARY AND ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE any legal question: General Assembly; Security Council. Members: Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga, Nagendra Singh, André Authorized by the General Assembly in accordance with the Gros, Manfred Lachs, José Maria Ruda. Charter to request opinions on legal questions arising within the scope of their activities: Economic and Social Council; COMMITTEE FOR THE REVISION OF THE RULES OF COURT Trusteeship Council; Interim Committee of the General As- Members: Manfred Lachs, Platon D. Morozov, Sir Humphrey Wal- sembly; Committee on Applications for Review of Administra- dock, Hermann Mosler, Taslim Olawale Elias, Salah El Dine tive Tribunal Judgements; International Atomic Energy Tarazi. Agency; International Labour Organisation; Food and Agricul- ture Organization of the United Nations; United Nations Edu- COMMITTEE ON RELATIONS cational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; World Health Members: Isaac Forster, Platon D. Morozov, Shigeru Oda. Organization; International Bank for Reconstruction and De- velopment; International Finance Corporation; International LIBRARY COMMITTEE Development Association; International Monetary Fund; Inter- Members: Hardy Cross Dillard, José María Ruda, Hermann national Civil Aviation Organization; International Telecom- Mosler, Shigeru Oda. munication Union; World Meteorological Organization; Inter-

Principal members of the United Nations Secretariat (As at 31 December 1976)

Secretariat Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary, Economic Commission for Europe: Janez I. Stanovnik Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary, Economic The Secretary-General: Kurt Waldheim and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific: Johan B. P. Maramis Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary, Economic Executive Office of the Secretary-General Commission for Latin America: Enrique V. Iglesias Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Assistant to the Secre- Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary, Economic tary-General: Rafee Uddin Ahmed Commission for Africa: Adebayo Adedeji Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary, Economic Office of the Under-Secretaries-General Commission for Western Asia: Mohamed-Said AI-Attar for Special Political Affaire Under-Secretary-General: Roberto E. Guyer Under-Secretary-General: Brian E. Urquhart United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Director: Klaus Aksel Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Sahlgren Political and General Assembly Affairs Under-Secretary-General: William B. Buffum Department of Administration and Management Under-Secretary-General: George F. Davidson Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Special Political Questions OFFICE OF FINANCIAL SERVICES Assistant Secretary-General: Abdulrahim Abby Farah Assistant Secretary-General, Controller: Helmut F. Debatin

Office of Legal Affairs OFFICE OF PERSONNEL SERVICES Under-Secretary-General, the Legal Counsel: Erik Suy Assistant Secretary-General: Mohamed Habib Gherab

Office of Inter-Agency Affairs and Co-ordination OFFICE OF GENERAL SERVICES Under-Secretary-General: C. V. Narasimhan Assistant Secretary-General: Robert J. Ryan

Department of Political and Security Council Affairs Department of Conference Services Under-Secretary-General: Arkady N. Shevchenko Under-Secretary-General for Conference Services and Special Assignments: Bohdan Lewandowski Department of Political Affaire, Trusteeship and Decolonization Office of Public Information Under-Secretary-General: Tang Ming-chao Assistant Secretary-General: Genichi Akatani

Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Office at Geneva Under-Secretary General: Gabriel Van Laethem Under-Secretary-General, Director-General of the United Nations Under-Secretary-General, Commissioner for Technical Co-opera- Office at Geneva: Vittorio Winspeare Guicciardi tion: Issoufou Saidou Djermakoye Assistant Secretary-General for Social Development and Hu- International Court of Justice Registry manitarian Affairs: Helvi Sipila Registrar: Stanislas R. Aquarone 1090 Appendix III

Secretariats of subsidiary organs, special Assistant Administrator and Regional Representative, Ethiopia, representatives and other related bodies Regional Bureau for Africa: John M. Saunders Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Regional Bureau Chief Co-ordinator of the United Nations Peace-keeping for Asia and the Pacific: Rajendra Coomaraswamy Missions in the Middle East Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Regional Bureau Chief Co-ordinator: Lieutenant-General Ensio P. H. Siilasvuo for Europe, Mediterranean and Middle East: Stig Andersen Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Regional Bureau Conference of the Committee on Disarmament for Latin America: Gabriel Valdes-Subercaseaux Special Representative of the Secretary-General: Risto Hyvarinen United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) Habitat: United Nations Conference on Force Commander: Major-General Hannes Philipp Human Settlements Secretary-General of the Conference: Enrique Peñalosa United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) Acting Force Commander: Major-General Rais Abin Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia United Nations Commissioner for Namibia: Sean MacBride United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Executive Director: Mostafa Kamal Tolba Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Assistant Executive Director and Acting Deputy Executive Direc- Co-ordinator (UNDRO) tor: Richard B. Stedman Disaster Relief Co-ordinator: Faruk N. Berkol Assistant Executive Director, Senior Assistant to the Executive Director: David A. Munro Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control High Commissioner: Sadruddin Aga Khan Executive Director: Jacobus De Beus

United Nations Assistance to Cape Verde, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Indo-China and Zambia Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Abd-EI Rahman Under-Secretary-General, Co-ordinator: Sir Robert Jackson Khane

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Henry R. Labouisse Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Davidson S. H. W. Assistant Secretary-General, Senior Deputy Executive Director: Nicol Eric J. R. Heyward Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Executive Director, Pro- United Nations Military Observer Group in grammes: Charles Egger India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) Chief Military Observer: Lieutenant-Général Luis Tassara Gon- United Nations Conference on Trade and zalez Development (UNCTAD) Under-Secretary-General, Secretary-General of the Conference: United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) Gamani Corea Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Cyprus: Javier Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Secretary-General of the Pérez de Cuéllar Conference: Stein Rossen Force Commander: Major-General James Joseph Quinn

United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Under-Secretary-General, Special Representative of the Secre- Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) tary-General to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law Commissioner-General: Sir John Shaw Rennie of the Sea: Bernardo Zuleta United Nations Truce Supervision Organization United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Palestine (UNTSO) Administrator: F. Bradford Morse Chief of Staff: Major-General Emmanuel Alexander Erskine Deputy Administrator: Indraprasad G. Patel Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Special Activities: John A. United Nations University Olver Rector: James M. Hester Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Administration: Sixten Hep- pling United Nations Water Conference Executive Director, United Nations Fund for Population Activities Secretary-General of the Conference: Yahia Abdel Mageed (UNFPA): Rafael M. Salas Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Regional Bureau World Food Council for Africa: Michel Doo Kingue Executive Director: John A. Hannah

On 31 December 1976, the total number of staff of the United staff serving at Headquarters or other established offices and Nations holding permanent, probationary and fixed-term appoint- 1,965 were assigned as project personnel to technical co-opera- ments with service or expected service of a year or more was tion projects. In addition, the United Nations Relief and Works 18,268. Of these, 6,569 were in the professional and higher cate- Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) had gories and 11,699 were in the general service, manual worker and some 15,000 local area staff. field service categories. Of the same total, 16,303 were regular United Nations Information Centres and Offices 1091

Appendix IV United Nations Information Centres and Offices (As at 1 April 1977)

ACCRA. United Nations Information BOGOTA. Centro de Información de las ISLAMABAD. United Nations Information Centre Naciones Unidas Centre Libéria and Maxwell Roads Calle 10 No. 3061 Bungalow No. 24 (Post Office Box 2339) (Apartado Postal 6567) Ramna-6/3, 88th Street Accra, Ghana Bogota, Colombia (Post Office Box 1107) Islamabad, Pakistan ADDIS ABABA. Information Service, BRUSSELS. United Nations Information United Nations Economie Commission and Liaison Office KABUL. United Nations Information Cen- for Africa 108, Rue d'Arlon tre Africa Hall 1040 Brussels, Belgium Shah Mahmoud Ghazi Watt (Post Office Box 3001) (Post Office Box 5) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia BUCHAREST. United Nations Informa- Kabul, Afghanistan tion Centre ALGIERS. United Nations Information 16 Rue Aurel Vlaicu KATHMANDU. United Nations Informa- Centre Bucharest, Romania tion Centre 19 Avenue Claude Debussy Lainchaur, Lazimpat (Boîte Postale 823) BUENOS AIRES. Centro de Información (Post Office Box 107) Algiers, Algeria de las Naciones Unidas Kathmandu, Nepal Marcelo T. de Alvear 684 (tercer piso) ANKARA. United Nations Information Of- Buenos Aires, Argentina KHARTOUM. United Nations Information fice Centre 197 Ataturk Bulvari BUJUMBURA. Centre d'Information des Plot No. 1(9), Block 5D East (P. K. 407) Nations Unies Nigumi Street Ankara, Turkey Avenue de la Poste et Place Jungers (Post Office Box 1992) (Boîte Postale 1490) Khartoum, Sudan ASUNCION. Centro de Información de Bujumbura, Burundi las Naciones Unidas KINSHASA. United Nations Information Edificio City (tercer piso) Centre Calle Estrella y Chile CAIRO. United Nations Information Cen- Building Deuxième République (Casilla de Correo 1107) tre Boulevard du 30 juin Asunción, Paraguay Sh. Osoris (Boîte Postale 7248) Tagher Building (Garden City) Kinshasa, Zaire ATHENS. United Nations Information (Post Office Box 262) Centre Cairo, Egypt LAGOS. United Nations Information Cen- 36 Amalia Avenue tre Athens 119, Greece COLOMBO. United Nations Information 17 Kingsway Road, Ikoyi Centre (Post Office Box 1068) 204 Buller's Road Lagos, Nigeria BAGHDAD, United Nations Information (Post Office Box 1505) Centre Colombo 7, Sri Lanka LA PAZ. Centro de Información de las House No 167/1 Abu Nouwas Street Naciones Unidas (Post Office Box 2398 Alwiyah) COPENHAGEN. United Nations Informa- Edificio "Santa Isabel" Baghdad, Iraq tion Centre Avenida Arce No. 2525 (segundo piso) 37 H.C. Andersen's Boulevard (Apartado Postal 686) BANGKOK. Information Service, United DK 1553 Copenhagen V, Denmark La Paz, Bolivia Nations Economic and Social Commis- sion for Asia and the Pacific DAKAR. Centre d'Information des Na- LIMA. Centro de Información de las Nac- Sala Santitham tions Unies iones Unidas Bangkok, Thailand 2 Avenue Roume Avenida Arenales 815 (Boîte Postale 154) (Apartado Postal 4480) BEIRUT. Information Service, United Na- Dakar, Senegal Lima, Peru tions Economic Commission for Western Asia DAR ES SALAAM. United Nations Infor- LOME. Centre d'Information des Nations Apt. No. 1, Fakhoury Building mation Centre Unies Montee Baim Militaire Matasalamat Building Rue Albert Sarraut (Post Office Box 4656) (Post Office Box 9224) Coin Avenue de Gaulle Beirut, Lebanon Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tan- (Boite Postale 911) zania Lome, Togo BELGRADE. United Nations Information Centre GENEVA. Information Service, United LONDON. United Nations Information Svetozara Markovica 58 Nations Office at Geneva Centre (Post Office Box 157) Palais des Nations 14/15 Stratford Place Belgrade, Yugoslavia YU-11001 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland London, W1N 9AF, England 1092 Appendix IV

LUSAKA. United Nations Information PORT OF SPAIN. United Nations Infor- TANANARIVE. Centre d'Information des Centre mation Centre Nations Unies c/o United Nations Development Pro- 15 Keate Street 26, Rue de Liège gramme (Post Office Box 130) (Boite Postale 1348) (Post Office Box 1966) Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago Tananarive, Madagascar Lusaka, Zambia PRAGUE. United Nations Information TEHERAN. United Nations Information MANILA. United Nations Information Centre Centre Centre Panska 5 Off Takhte Jamshid Metropolitan Bank Building (ground floor) 110 00 Prague 1, Czechoslovakia 12 Kh. Bandar Pahlavi (6813 Avala Avenue, Makati, Rizal) (Post Office Box 1555) Post Office Box 2149 Teheran, Iran Manila, Philippines RABAT. Centre d'Information des Na- tions Unies TOKYO. United Nations Information MEXICO CITY. Centro de Información de Angle Charia Moulay Hassan et Zankat Centre las Naciones Unidas Assafi Shin Ohtemachi Building, Room 450 Présidente Mazaryk No. 29 (séptimo piso) (Casier ONU) 2-1 Ohtemachi 2-chome Colonia Polanco Rabat, Morocco Chiyoda-ku Mexico 5, D. F., Mexico Tokyo, Japan RANGOON. United Nations Information MONROVIA. United Nations Information Centre TUNIS. Centre d'Information des Nations Centre 28A, Manawhari Road Unies LBDI Building Rangoon, Burma 61, Boulevard Bab Benat Main Road, Congotown (Boîte Postale 863) (Post Office Box 274) RIO DE JANEIRO. United Nations Infor- Tunis, Tunisia Monrovia, Liberia mation Centre Rua Cruz Lima 19, group 201 MOSCOW. United Nations Information Flamengo VIENNA. Information Service, United Na- Centre Rio de Janeiro, Brazil tions Industrial Development Organiza- No. 4/16 Ulitsa, Lunacharskogo 1 tion Moscow, USSR ROME. United Nations Information Cen- Lerchenfelderstrasse 1 tre (Post Office Box 707, A-1011 Vienna) NAIROBI. United Nations Information Palazzetto Venezia A-1070 Vienna, Austria Centre Piazza San Marco 50 Electricity House (eleventh floor) Rome, Italy Harambee Avenue WASHINGTON. United Nations Informa- (Post Office Box 30218) tion Centre Nairobi, Kenya SAN SALVADOR. Centro de Infor- 2101 L Street, N.W., mación de las Naciones Unidas Washington, D.C. 20037, United States NEW DELHI. United Nations Information 6a-10a Calle Poniente 1833 Centre (Apartado Postal 2157) 55 Lodi Estate San Salvador, El Salvador YAOUNDE. Centre d'Information des New Delhi 110003, India Nations Unies SANTIAGO. Information Service, United Immeuble Kamden PARIS. Centre d'Information des Nations Nations Economic Commission for Latin Rue Joseph Clere Unies America (Boîte Postale 836) 1, Rue Miollis Edificio Naciones Unidas Yaoundé, United Republic of Cameroon 75732 Paris Cedex 15 Avenida Dag Hammarskjold France Santiago, Chile

PORT MORESBY. United Nations Infor- SYDNEY. United Nations Information mation Centre Centre Towers Building (ground floor) 77 King Street Musgrave Street, Ela Beach (Post Office Box 4045, Sydney, N.S.W. (Post Office Box 472) 2001) Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Sydney, N.S.W. 2000, Australia How to obtain previous volumes 1153

How to obtain previous volumes of the Yearbook

Volumes of the Yearbook of the United Nations published previously may be obtained in many bookstores throughout the world and also from the Sales Section, United Nations, New York, N.Y. 10017, or from the Sales Section, United Nations Office in Geneva, Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. Volumes listed below with an * are special reprints of editions out of print.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1975 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1961 Vol. 29. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.77.I.1. Vol. 15. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 62.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1974 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1960 Vol. 28. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.76.I.1. Vol. 14. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 61.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1973 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1959* Vol. 27. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.75.I.1. Vol. 13. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 60.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1972 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1958 Vol. 26. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.74.I.1. Vol. 12. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 59.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1971 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1957* Vol. 25. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.73.I.1. Vol. 11. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 58.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1970* Yearbook of the United Nations, 1956* Vol. 24. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.72.I.1. Vol. 10. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 57.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1969 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1955* Vol. 23. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.71.I.1. Vol. 9. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 56.I.20.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1968 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1954* Vol. 22. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.70.I.1. Vol. 8. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 55.I.25.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1967 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1953* Vol. 21. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.68.I.1 Vol. 7. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 54.I.15.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1966* Yearbook of the United Nations, 1952* Vol. 20. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.67.I.1. Vol. 6. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 53.I.30.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1965* Yearbook of the United Nations, 1951* Vol. 19. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 66.I.1. Vol. 5. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 52.I.30.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1964* Yearbook of the United Nations, 1950* Vol. 18. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 65.I.1. Vol. 4. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 1951.I.24.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1963 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1948-49* Vol. 17. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 64.I.1. Vol. 3. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 1950.I.11.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1962 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1947-48 Vol. 16. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 63.I.1. Vol. 2. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 1949.I.13.

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