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in informs the

antl

Perhaps Cainguá

Cayo>vas

Caingangues. possibility Caingues sometimes

reich

All

but ed the

before,

the of Cayuás ri ­

of

>ir life

fa­

for the

that not

the

dif­

the

nei­ kind

1arge game

mon­ limi­ have

e tL

They from

Mat­

these

proba

accus­ publi­ is

rotten

do them. arrow­

neither

th

Borba. of

general prepare practic­ to

is in

that of

Gês

tomb

are

tbis to with

their

in

is

they

Paranapa­

In anel the

from they Eocbavan­ are

brasilien~,is).

gather a

maize.

given

; litlle

from

the

tribe

chiefly

seern live

they

d;

of

e

though barnboo

wives

the

that bones

a

is (pari)

anel ake anel laoguage

of

factor Telemaco

been

but o f o

regarel

Goyaz 111

of

of

adopteel

shape.

who asts, fishing, They

identical roast

bread

arrows

me

e

rernarkable the

in name

ones of Polyg~Hny

has

f

food

anel

weir language

their

of is

cannibals;

anel maize

Araucaria

to

i:>

of

rnade

or

group

and. bemg

pinhões

tbe 12)

valley thought,

for

been

it

have

Paulo,

that

that important

conical

their their

number the

Their p. they

meat

rivers.

iron

the

S.

kinel for

seems

a

an wooden beads race

from as we

Quadros bows

that

of

-ü-

of

ground,

have 19, temporarily Chavantes are

cultivate reason For it a of

tbe of

same

of

neighbo,u·s.

great

use

Their

are

use anel

ft)rm

the stone, N. well

the

made nor

anel

the

independent

(Íruit that brasiliensis.

they

the

Ehrenreich

have must

of not State

in as

their

of

boating

make

Ewerton

Guaranis,

three. heigbt an

Caingang-s.

as

for

on

a

(piráJ

general,

do

meat

the information

drink

from

3rt,

in

or vocaLularies

Ihering

that weapons

elead tbe

made but

from

the

fruits;

tribes

in not They of

not, anel

pinhões

liv8 fish

language.

Chavantes ordinarily

m.

raw

Mess.r•

hest

of

this

Caingangs Araucaria

They

two von

of

are

to

Two

2

are from

for

are tbeir pinhão-trees

wild but dislribution

Their

evident

ojat by

some to

The

tbe

salt. they Tupi

the the

alcobolic

arrows

(H.

Grosso

is

ciality anel crops

The

of mer of

heads

do keys. bly ed,

of ted

an bury about they

tomed

neighbours leamed maize.

worel the use ther

nema

mily. Caiogaugs Chavantes tes sbed For

It to ferent

to

of

the

the

Co­ or­ Fa­

anel this Rio

that

was

huts spe-

Feio

with

huts, name com­

eli:ffe­

how­

Claro

being W80-

in

P01.

to Tavens.

of

Parana­ between

1

the

attacked

anel

of the

clotb

maele

the

the

Sampaio's

little committecl called

Caingangs

river sticks

Caiugangs,

trees

and

in of

tbe

according

to

rnention

22d,

of

Hummel

coast

of

living

weatbf'r This

the

servants

of

the

years

of and the industrial

regard

clolh

Paulo

ltapeva

are,

geographic peopling

Monsenhor by

lhe

night

S. in

May,

must

two Caingangs

an

cold

region the Olavo

Xocrens

of

generally

tribe

Theodoro

maele

of

bark the

villages

in

the

is

anel

ir. which

valley coarse

belonging

a

1905,

him

we data

wall.

assaults (nettle).

along

Dr.

anel

are ;

as

the

Dr.

fire.

.._ Paraná,

same explored

of a

the

of

the

day

for

small during

of

above, in of

anel anel

10 Dorins,

The

the

July, of

making

who wel! of

The on

in

naked

have

brava

killing

Guayanâs Paulo

-

of

elrawings

villages expedition

ult.

as

dition

roof

tribes who

tion

State explore

c

to

e

S.

c

thus

barbarous 18 live

leaves

the

in

burning expedition

of

s1eep

107). te

rouneled

about

collected the

exp

diffi

of

towards

the

orttga

perserved Votol'ões,

dire

was Baurú,

State

aifl.uents,

the

p.

these outline

live

coverings

go in

Caingangs are

palm kept the

the

of

mauy the

its

on

the to

clifferent

State

lguape,

mmders been found

is

use 4'1,

same

of

was

the

turneel of

with

Camés,

which

men

huts

Caingangs

ss with

occupants

separation anel

destinated

tbe saicl e

It

are

has

anel

The fire extrelllely

the (N. sertãc

made

anel

feet they

under

families.

In

Recently attaked

chief A The The The

tbe exterminated

composeel

in

fibers

r,

ir the

e

e

1::58n Camês plains. panema Camés Santos xina, mis:;iou are Taunay: numberl anel namented roados. region report wouncled. anel rent anel ev Monteiro in without th tbe subject also the Feio

thatcheel -

of

to

in

m

of

the

the

the

b3cl

he

anel

this the

the

who

sati

was

very

that

fr,

that

a

who

"erc

prin­

oare

iniJa­

sertão,

evident

tbat

e,

no In

interest,

with

"\Yith

anel.

v

living

us

attention,

conviction

kept

is

contained

The

ti

heen

then

Guayanás

Paulo,

the Banrú

it

of

Indians proved

thousancls

dangerous

characteristic

:sufficient

my

S.

ot

given of

is

knowledge

Gabriel

language

The exercised

rnixed

narra

have

State

is

importance.

a

Carijós the

Caingangs,

it

in which

info1·ms

de

Indians,

them

t

century.

t

Paulo.

Paulo has

his

1

plantations of

our

in

worthy

the

the havc have

former the

S.

tbeir

to

live

circumstaJ1ce

Thus

information

S.

its introduce

would

tribes

of

ethnographical

century.

of

are

of

-

Brazil,

autbor

greate

that

of

to

of

population

makinO'

not

this

municipality

their

that

no

Indians

TRADITIONS.

count

do

last

13

pect

converted

sixteenth

the oftbe

to

of

tbe

State

west

Tupis.

the

conditions

did

--

the

valuable

pop11lation ac:cording

ible, re

State

the

anel

not

population.

of

description

in

ancestor

the

oífer the

Inclians

the service

G·eral

the

oL1iged

of aborígines the Tupinambás,

to

last,

i

mo~t

ciYilized

this

the

tbe

the

of

is

of

of

of

can

these

up

the

these, rural in

floor

year

tate,

The

autlJOr

sentially

in

inacce

, The

above

1ost

these

In

it

e

these

population.

1587,

that

for

the the

general, were

Roteiro

HISTORICAL

the

this

portuguese

of

Paulo

as

and

«

ults.

Of

mong

the this of

exist

without

scattered

which

. due

In

have conversion

a

on on

districts

greatknowledge territ1ry

rural

»

re

of literature

from

is

Guayanás

the

ts

of

m~nner

it

The the

thev

of

ones

From

slept

those

retired

Though

ouza

tbinly

Coroados.

customs

tbe

following:

Guayanas

present

bappened

certain

factory immigrated

infinence that

State

immigrants

existing

sure

at

villages that

cnstoms.v

anel

live the

as

tbe

the

incomplete in

de respect

manife

hited

cipal

the

Guayanás. they

diiferent

tbe

in

name

a

of

on

be

for

th.;

the the

are the

the

the

re­

cul­

feet,

they huts

bav­

Cha­

t ears.

when

Para­

other

Cain­

of

of

E,ver­

of

of

accen­ seems

io

arrows around

wear

can

empJoy

kill

as

150

only

111ade

anirnals,

not

The

represent

fore

small

their

Chavantes

tbe

anel,

domestica­ are

of

tbat

Their

not

between

cheek-bones

anel

anel

heart

their ~Savage

rivers

words

are

in

in

the

not

result

General

Chavantes

fringe

lah!•Ur

the

have

do

barbed

slllall,

of

a

of

cbildren

the

to

the

teeth

As

do when couple.

larvm

tbe

backward

the

rnen

of

the

(inhabitants dangerous

slits

as

to

salient

bows

of

passes final

emblra,

of

and

and

anel

of

Coroados

s.

the

in

They

one

for

of

heads

most

anel

Paulo

plantations

of

timid;

the

low

those

Paulo,

insects,

(alecrim),

made indebted

continuous

Their

Most

bair

the

other

earthernware. wbicb

S.

than

the the

long

extermination.

12-

S.

progre

colonisation

are

rnacle

follows. courses

and

women,

made penultimate. otbenvise o.

sertanejos

me,

ar·~

no

and

faithful. anel very of

are

Jndians anel

of abdomens, rob

-

longitudinal

use

as polygamy

anel their

em.

ga

ma the

more

eycs.

anel

not

and

the

the

we

their

are

is

men,

anel

to

rosemary

on

lower

nor

waists

cut

them,

of

they

for

Cayuás

on of

serious

are

zôO

make

lance appendage

Indians

ndians

syllable

necklaces

colour

l

the

civilizecl

by

the

people

Tietê,

no

against

labour them, the

an

f

docile their

which

them

that

part palm-trees

and

,

in

make

they

the

of

horizontal the

opposed

subsist protuberant

last of

of

their

hunger

of wear anel

obstrncting

of

enough

animais

are

,

present

of

palmleaves

;

hut

A.ll

Brazil

all

tban (aroeira),

most

attack

the

haviug

by

lwart

are

between

All

they

f

arounJ are

be?ds,

tic

of

habitated

weaponf; of

leg ·

small

k

O

tbey

They

Qnaclros,

side

The neither

Jarkest

wood

room

on

tbe

not

element

the

ton

napanema

ture; the plains ted, se1·tão) thio dome

dri\·en the one do

'Jf and lenti

girJle women. their vocabulary women made

vantes ted

legs. anel

tbeir

ing

for part

expected gangs an possible

gions

\ \

in in

the the

at at

and and

re­

the the

37 37

least least

and and

good good

time time

were were

this this

resin resin

nese nese

Tupi­

·

great great

other other

river. river.

South South

made made

family family

widely widely

Soares Soares

at at

of of

a a

p. p.

rPprin­

anu anu islancls, islancls,

tles tles

(

domicils domicils

Tupini­

the the

Schmidel Schmidel

of of

is is

hy hy

with with

and and

the the

of of

from from

this this

25 25

culture culture

eacb eacb

legne~ legne~

the the

at at

Portuo

man man

expect expect

were were

Tupiniquins. Tupiniquins.

• •

characteristic characteristic

1841 1841

slaves. slaves.

the the

ríver ríver

of of

formerly formerly

letle!" letle!"

of of

, ,

their their

rest rest

N. N.

40 40

custom, custom,

Ulrich Ulrich

a'vay a'vay

represented represented

Gabriel Gabriel

the the

a a

as as

( (

tbe tbe

made made

iro

·

fur fur

accord accord

The The

While While

not not

mention mention

their their

,,f ,,f

that that

spoken spoken

discovery discovery

in in

' '

the the

tbis tbis

Plata Plata

Carijós Carijós

character character

not not

.Tanc

in in

and and

in in

border border

with with

vedo vedo

Paraguay, Paraguay,

used used

us us

reached reached

driven driven

the the

was was

de de

La La

also also

extended extended

however however

could could

cotton. cotton.

tembetá tembetá

1565 1565

not not

population population

The The

were were

captured captured

Que Que

ot· ot·

early early

anel anel

regarding regarding

of of

tribes. tribes.

Rio Rio

of of

lhe lhe

tribes tribes

the the

milcler milcler

extension extension

ave ave

are are

anel anel

the the

Paulo, Paulo,

CanJós CanJós

had had

h h

is is

resemble resemble

Before Before

northern northern

lip.. lip..

Vicente. Vicente.

III, III,

canni~alism. canni~alism.

rel.:ttions rel.:ttions

1nforms 1nforms

-15-

of of

o f f o

an an

S. S.

Brazll Brazll

maele maele

by by

language language

to to

Paraguay Paraguay

the the

Lafone Lafone S. S.

to to

. .

Guaranis Guaranis

the the

in in

however however

of of

they they

hut. hut.

Inelian Inelian

destroyed destroyed

In In

goocl goocl Tomo Tomo

of of

abandoned abandoned

inward inward

under under

autbors autbors

much much

Anchieta Anchieta

Carijós Carijós

of of

were were

only only

rnouth rnouth

shirts shirts

m m

informat!on informat!on

o~· o~·

_few _few

appear appear

de de

State State

~outhern ~outhern

naked, naked,

ho~wever ho~wever

guaram guaram

the the

Hist. Hist.

.:hose .:hose

tbe tbe

who, who,

litoral litoral

~outh. ~outh.

smgle smgle

devoted devoted

part part

they they

Brazil. Brazil.

nsed nsed

the the

m m

ey ey

i_n i_n

a a

250. 250.

hvecl hvecl

of of

different different

Central-braz.ilian Central-braz.ilian

CanJóS CanJóS

the the

these these

the the

leagues leagues

th th

the the

Inst. Inst.

differ·ent differ·ent

the the

went went

cletailed cletailed

populatJon populatJon

from from

111 111

p. p.

but but

to to

in in

Joseph Joseph

el~scovery el~scovery

tbem tbem

Tupiniquins Tupiniquins

to to

~tade~ ~tade~

80 80

who who

1;o 1;o

The The

of of

tha~ tha~

canníbals, canníbals,

:worn :worn

Rev. Rev.

outhern outhern

women women

The The

Some Some

adjacent adjacent

s s

* *

the the

1860) 1860)

the the

portuguese, portuguese,

service service

Tupis, Tupis,

~ot ~ot

m m

nambas nambas

found. found.

the the

ornament ornament

a~d a~d

more more

distnb~ted distnb~ted

occupymg occupymg

Amenca Amenca

o_f o_f

says says

sltuated sltuated

the the

Evidently Evidently

m~ss m~ss

tr1bes. tr1bes.

givec:; givec:;

ference ference

oc

qmns qmns

II~ns II~ns

about about

Fa1her Fa1her

of of

territory. territory.

present present

ted ted

' '

to to

to to

an an

the the

the the

tbe tbe

and and

top top

not not

the the

that that

they they

Serra Serra

sleep sleep

lived lived

Paulo Paulo

study study

1549-

desti­

infor­

know know

expe­

people people

Tupini­

l1uman l1uman

the the

fishing, fishing,

Cananéa Cananéa

S. S.

ground. ground.

enemies enemies

captivity captivity

example, example,

were were

the the

anel anel

we we

nourished nourished

not not

assemble.d assemble.d

with with

were were

the the

Santos Santos

The The

on on

of of

buts buts

a:ffirms a:ffirms

navigators, navigators,

among among

amoog amoog

and and

in in

reference reference

the the

years years

anel anel

deserve deserve

Canoibalism Canoibalism

for for

which which

his his

according according

tasted tasted

critica] critica]

by by

tbeir tbeir

did did

in in

and and

bellicose bellicose

while while

not not

as, as,

1he 1he

Staden Staden

were were

on on

between between

hardy hardy

of of

by by

with with

capital capital

those those

relations relations

in in

between between

never never

prisoner prisoner

Quadros Quadros

spacious spacious

caves caves

They They

h:md, h:md,

observe. observe.

hunting hunting

is is

Gúayanás Gúayanás

does does

common common

cannibalism cannibalism

pallisades, pallisades,

the the

a a

Hans Hans

in in

book book

and and

being being

practised practised

Janeiro. Janeiro.

canoes canoes

lived lived

to to

Brazillived Brazillived

of of

plantations. plantations.

skulls skulls

of of

rton rton

as as

Tupinambás Tupinambás

hammocks hammocks

good good

sources, sources,

hy hy

of of

region region

The The

families, families,

other other

prisoners, prisoners,

·e

de de

Santos, Santos,

book book

could could

Tbeir Tbeir

in in

anel anel

not not

rnildly. rnildly.

the the

where where

E\\

ir ir

the the

their their

~iven ~iven

houses houses

of of

e

the the

of of

feeble feeble

into into

particularly particularly

means means

lived lived

Caingangs Caingangs

means means

the the

Rio Rio

Guayanás Guayanás

uther uther

ground ground

of of

Carijós Carijós

-14-

th

put put

slept slept

This This

not not

of of

was was

cannibalism cannibalism

tbem. tbem.

people people

by by

interesting interesting

by by

on on

their their

plains plains

and and

Thus Thus

while while

described described

the the

the the

himself himself

discovery discovery

who who

their their

near near

The The

prisoners prisoners

from from

They They

an an

number number

of of

as as

distances. distances.

often often

the the

were were

in in

on on

The The

plantations. plantations.

only only

he he

the the

truthful, truthful,

made made

entet"ing entet"ing

pt·oducts pt·oducts

Tupis, Tupis,

arnong arnong

in in

northward northward

devoured devoured

savages. savages.

no no

bellicose bellicose

of of

as as . .

fortifieel fortifieel

.

but but

Reis, Reis,

their their

nol nol

Staden, Staden,

the the

farnily. farnily.

possession possession

great great

great great

were were

and and

Tupys Tupys

Guayanás, Guayanás,

battle. battle.

Guayanâs Guayanâs

Catharina, Catharina,

aod aod

a a

ar1d ar1d

by by

Soares, Soares,

situated. situated.

which which

obtained obtained

tbe tbe

dos dos

to to

Gês Gês

credit

time time pnblished pnblished

prairies prairies

bad bad

in in

made made

undertook undertook

bellicose, bellicose,

Hans Hans

the the

common common

The The

The The

for for

cannibalism cannibalism

Cayuás Cayuás

St.a St.a

also also

nselves nselves

Mar Mar

treated treated

the the

tbe tbe

villages, villages,

the the

no'' no''

which which

1554, 1554,

fiesb. fiesb.

at at

mation mation

quins quins

and and

do do

Angra Angra

Tupinambás Tupinambás

recognised recognised

among among

of of

tbings tbings

in in

tbe tbe

Guaranis Guaranis

is is

that that

energic energic the the

very very

nPel nPel

the.r the.r in in

was was

same same

Gabriel Gabriel

of of

but but

ditions ditions

hammocks, hammocks,

They They in in

the the killeel killeel

in in

at at

as as

the the

the the

thc thc

the the

the the

the the

the the

V5) V5)

Ca­

dis­

ned ned

wa. wa.

who who

Tre­

1 1

~ame ~ame

144.) 144.)

Paulo Paulo

to to

verify verify

where where

Camé' Camé'

'Of 'Of

to to

S. S.

on on

of of

find find

people, people,

incom­

p. p.

Oliveira Oliveira

Janeiro. Janeiro.

the the

S. S.

northeru northeru

with with

well well

Jtanhaen Jtanhaen

southern southern

this this

to to

of of

elsewhere elsewhere

188, 188,

Guayanás. Guayanás.

1560~ 1560~

mentwned mentwned

mentio mentio

the the

we we

de de

of of

foundiog foundiog

de de

52 52

at at

This This

Tupinambás Tupinambás

are are

50). 50).

name name

part part

years years

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Garcia, Garcia,

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State, State,

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72, 72,

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Paulo, Paulo,

58). 58).

I I

stated, stated,

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29 29

we we

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Father Father

S. S.

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14, 14,

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-17-

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168::{ 168::{

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230). 230).

Paulo Paulo

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family family

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1562 1562

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19

Carajás Carajás

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de de between between

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.Jeronimes .Jeronimes

33 33

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North North

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11. 11.

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This This

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allies allies

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It It

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Historical Historical

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established established

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1903. 1903.

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in

detailed

bamboo

that

arrows

the

nearly

uris.

this

di:fferent

ves

of

ployed

heads.

there

must

such

Gês,

those

but

only

that

A

49

P

of

by

the

Tupis

and

gi

very

hancl

em

Ehrenreich,

with

are

refereoce

the

the

group

not

tbe

possible

Martins

that

the

(N.o

wooden

of

Paulo

same with

are

to

beside

of

not

Tapu;yas

bamboo

group, between

bone.

Indians

Chavantes

Brazll,

of

other

are

S.

nct

with

between

arrows

the

Gês

with

The

are

rerr.embered of

--

di:fference

of

mentioned

with

the

the

hammock

the

the

characters Gés

family

s,

.

no

Tapuyas

Steinen

be

comprised,

e

opinion, the

classificatio~

and

20

features

identical

of

.

of

common

those

G

central

independent

On

as

the

the

families

ear,

heads

State

Gês his

Caingangs

-

den

indicated,

clifferences

as

call

o

therefore

the

not

here of

an

must

arrows

the

recognize

and

are

experience

and .

two

Indians

it

the

the

as

also

the

to as

It

as

southern

von

arrows

with

of correct

from

navigation

are

division

the

distinctive

shall

of

to

lip

the

Chavantes

noted,

a

me

use

~fy

C.

fare

language.

only

to

of

the

in

The

absence

the

to

we

belive

the

characteristic

already

importance,

heads,

of

to

noted

and so

are

led southern

157.),

I

brazilian

Carajás

Tapuyas,

as

of

two

f0r

grammatical

lngains.

heads

can

The

excluded

of

p.

only

use.

members

reference

some

the

lesser

those relation

among

we

The

the

barbed

50

in south

Caingang

basis

already ornamcnt chara:.:teristic

procede

of

mioation

Martins.

belong

no

Tapuyas, Steinen as vocabularies. as reich \Vith as Caingangs wooclen

are gives non-Gês. N.

to with development with that the Indians

the Caingangs however essential tribes. is den

and differences

even differences

ferent

t t

. .

1t 1t

of of

of of

of of

the the

for for

the the

Dr. Dr. the the

(N. (N.

one one

any any

any any

rrhe rrhe

tha tha

little little

pre­

may may

as as

from from

rules rules

more more

north­

vf vf

that that

of of

affimty affimty

hith~t­

that that

12), 12),

rlifferent rlifferent

at at

difierent difierent

we we

are are

coUJ·se coUJ·se

Paulo Paulo

to to

is is

E~renreich E~renreich

the the

?as ?as

century century

saymg saymg

matter, matter,

rliscover rliscover

respect respect

Eochavan~es. Eochavan~es.

S. S.

(N. (N.

from from

notlung notlung

Guayanás Guayanás

know know

quite quite

of of

languages, languages,

language, language,

central-brazili:m central-brazili:m

to to

language language

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linguistical linguistical

as as

Chavantes. Chavantes.

lower lower

past past

them. them.

thts thts

related related

are are

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Pa•Jlo, Pa•Jlo,

not not

hngUJstlcal hngUJstlcal

the the

informed, informed,

them them

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and and

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their their

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S. S.

language language

tbe tbe the the

vocabularies. vocabularies.

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State State

vocabularies vocabularies

well well

. . .

Quadros Quadros

mto mto

on on

. .

elo elo

mformed mformed

Gês-~amil_y Gês-~amil_y

unable unable

called called

in in

7). 7).

These These

of of

of of

I I

as as

amer~can amer~can

called called

on on

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rivers rivers

Chavantes Chavantes

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· ·

offered offered

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somewhat somewhat

correctly correctly

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papt_!r papt_!r

(N. (N.

In In

ua ua

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and and

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absolutely absolutely

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in in

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If If

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Paulo Paulo

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all all

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. .

specialist specialist

of of

General General

here here

Paranapane Paranapane

here here

reason reason

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S

seems seems

I I

10) 10)

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i i

mportant mportant

reference reference

Cait,gangs Cait,gangs

also also

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j j

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Telemaco Telemaco

Guayaná Guayaná

discussed discussed

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establish establish

p. p.

As As

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l l

lann·uage. lann·uage.

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collections collections

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\Vith \Vith

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where where

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been been

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roniously roniously

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nearer nearer

19) 19)

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publi~bed publi~bed

(N. (N. otl1er otl1er

Lucien Lucien

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expect expect

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actual actual

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nortbern nortbern

Baptista Baptista

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undertake undertake

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I I

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subject, subject,

Caingangs, Caingangs,

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S. S.

fascicl~. fascicl~.

two two

of of

very very

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Paulo Paulo

RodriguPs RodriguPs

qui~e qui~e

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Martins, Martins,

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portuguese portuguese

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Jorge Jorge

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Pedro Pedro

Branca:., Branca:.,

complete complete

languages languages

at at

to to

death death

22 22

Gês-Indians Gês-Indians

Guayanás, Guayanás,

that that

of of

These These

the the

anel anel

presents presents

kingclom. kingclom.

110 110

lakes lakes

von von

a a

l l

of of

S. S.

of of

Botncatú, Botncatú,

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i

-

are are

Barbo Barbo

is is

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local local

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latzmann, latzmann,

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at at

«Casa «Casa

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names. names.

·'· ·'·

exp;ainetl exp;ainetl

Colonel Colonel

P P

Almost Almost

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tupi tupi

ork ork

admits admits

lluguists lluguists

mJ.nner mJ.nner

Paraná. Paraná.

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group group

distributed distributed

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group group

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Almeida Almeida

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family family

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worthy worthy

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de de

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S. S.

re~ult. re~ult.

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river» river»

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Paulo Paulo

second second

Brazil Brazil

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southern southern

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Soares, Soares,

.lorge .lorge

present, present,

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them them

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to to

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«Campinas:., «Campinas:.,

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excellent excellent

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.

rnong rnong

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through through

::J ::J sectioDs, sectioDs,

Janeiro, Janeiro,

the the

southern southern

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deut deut

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clictionary clictionary

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but but

studies studies

doso», doso»,

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the the

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a a João João etymology etymology -

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27-

OF

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INVESTIGATIONS.

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ARCHEOLOGICAL

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never

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This nephrit art S with pierced \vbo covery tation to

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is

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called

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),

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places

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charcaol

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aside of Catharina or anel

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important best

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colour at

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it

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heaps

100,000

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10

group sixteenth

time

woulel

Paulo,

aborígines.

are

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Paulo,

afforded

Paulo

d::Jrk

huts,

characteris­

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coast

have

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by

region

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S.

consideration

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places,

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Brazil.

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explorer

capital

aware

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coast

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plains

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the

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the

the

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earth.

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like

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often

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charcoal

for

corresponds

districts

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on

earth

a

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bones

huge

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first

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discovery.

food

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arise,

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by

idea

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the

stone

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home

neighbourhood

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its

the

netery o~

ground

Carlos

high

inhabited

volume,

wlth

in

•vhich,

States

sambaqús

hke

remarkable

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ce

to

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colour

also

coast

the

in size and

accumulation

used

anel

the

3

old

In

tombs

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ker Though Sambaquú,,

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Ambrosetti

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by

Brazil

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the

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the

the

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paper

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arcbeology

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craniums

the

them

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erected

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disparity

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the

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paper

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ts

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the

the

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extension

'"ho

arrived region

wnich

level

nbaquis

treated

to

canais

sambaquis

with

published

to

Inclians

many

sonth

anel

ancient

of

low

sa

tlue

human 23)

tho

tions

its

the

coast

situation

was

Lhe

up

by

were

have

proves

the

coast,

fully

of of

Santos,

that

tbe

which

who

(N.

1be

the

1

the

objects,

era,

Loefgr~?n

up

author

respectivo

condi

the

of

of

that

sambaquis

relation

rose

in

the

level.

anel

on

~7)

in

on

there

:M.

quite

the

origin

of

the

number,

dis~overy

elevating

the

bay

Krone

of

Calixto

swamps,

which

sea

(N.

goocl

notes

Comparing

that

witb

Calixto,

levei,

heaped

constructions

cultural

-:-H-

ns.

of

the

sambaquis

R.

river

been

to

;

lllaps

then,

larger

the

witb

.

then

the

sea,

level

the

their

one

on

plei;;;tocene hy

sea

ü:.e

conditions

of

the

of

been

the

prove

sambaqL!is. have

two

sea;

Lhe

~s

"

oifered

origin

Plate

infOJ'mations

in

rnuch

Santos

the

elevatioo

the

ag-ree

Mangrove

artificial

Benedicto

of

Loefgren

ue

below

view

.

the

because by

paper

m

Paulo,

of

Benedicto

of

in

ti

investigati•

bave the

the

as

facts

hy

wellknown

not

woll

of

h i h

they

general them,

A.

conclnsions

above

were

S.

this

my

to

in

sea. below

by

conclitions,

as

lndians.

sambaf!uis

the

bay

do

in

by

of

not

valnable

of

times,

now

in

as

ln

I

Tbe situatecl

The

tory,

quito

at

future

origin

the

meters,

the

the

the

ri

subsequent

verecl

the nied toric

piecl paper gives

by sambaquis still coast but

found sition, of for could

formerly

of

actual

acompained

sea

of

ference finned

ter

situation

a formed

subsidence

50

geological

well transgre~sion

t t

th th

of of

m m

as as

in in

up up

ri­

. .

the the

tbc tbc

bu bu

ali­

anel anel

hacl hacl

clis­

low low

For For

The The

tbey tbey

\.Vi \.Vi

from from from from

cave. cave.

wJe­

macle macle

founel founel

many many

rorms rorms

Paulo Paulo

which which

whiCh whiCh

t~ t~

of of

explo­

Paulo. Paulo.

anel anel

to to

such such

ethnolo-

different different

the the

calcineLl, calcineLl,

and and

S. S.

S. S.

etc., etc.,

veel veel

the the

ancestors. ancestors.

Lund Lund

man man

u~ u~

population population

arance arance

«caboclos» «caboclos»

the1r the1r

of of

to to

acceptecl acceptecl

f f

of of

view view

from from

of of

able able

times. times.

bones, bones,

which which

or or

o o

deri deri

by by

pp pp

aburigines aburigines

swallowed swallowed

culture. culture.

mountains, mountains,

sncl~ sncl~

the the

foocl foocl

a a

in in

plants, plants,

mammalia mammalia

population population kept kept

anel anel

cotton, cotton,

rural rural

language language whom whom

are are properties properties

bas1s bas1s

Indians Indians

the the

owing owing

investigations investigations

fossil fossil

anel anel

extraordinary, extraordinary,

Indians Indians

of of

been been

the the

frorn frorn

archeologiCal archeologiCal

other.. other..

results results

cleme~t, cleme~t,

we we

r r

generally generally

if, if,

populatwn populatwn

rural rural

have have

tupi tupi mammalia mammalia

of of

sure sure

t t

describeel describeel

ot ot

batata, batata,

prehistoric prehistoric

their their

tbe tbe

anel anel

localities. localities.

coexistence coexistence

a a

anthropological, anthropological,

existing existing

are are

being being

preparing preparing

craniurns craniurns

the the

ineligenous ineligenous

that that

and and

physical physical

cultivated cultivated

colou colou

instruction instruction

the the

of of

ancient ancient

part part

of of

on on

n n

nothiug nothiug

having having

rigines rigines of of

of of

well well

of of ti ti

presen presen

87-

· ·

the the

the the

i i

from from

real real

extinct extinct

rurallabourers, rurallabourers,

those those

anel anel

principal principal

furnishecl furnishecl and and

the the

note note

ab

so so

archeological archeological

-

words words

from from

to to

ly ly

the the

respect respect

part part

hum3 hum3

the the

Lhe Lhe by by

to to

mandioca, mandioca,

small small

the the

blood blood

Paulc; Paulc;

on on

historical historical

date date

o f f o

the the

sm~l.ies sm~l.ies

reveal reveal

like like

the the

hancl hancl

culture culture

commcn commcn f f

Luzo-Brazilian Luzo-Brazilian

development development

number number

and and

data data

feature feature

of of

o o

a a

tupi tupi

the the

this this

manners manners

preceecling preceecling

S. S.

interest interest

not not

Lhe Lhe

cultural cultural

witb witb

are are

at·o at·o

one one

runs runs

cler-ivecl cler-ivecl

in in they they

the the

greater greater

aipim, aipim,

plantecl plantecl

most most

of of

the the

actual actual great great

only only

that that

the the

mammalia mammalia

many many

chief chief

the the

are are

element element

cloubt cloubt

many many

cultural cultural a a

transmittecl transmittecl

the the

of of

are are

of of

the the

lingnistic lingnistic

of of

interesting interesting

placo, placo,

Santa Santa

preserves preserves

have have

the the

tlle tlle

of of

of of

ancestors ancestors

caves, caves,

as as

f3ct f3ct

without without

These These

been been

date date

l.he l.he

of of

on on

immigratecl immigratecl of of

is is

beans, beans,

State State

little little

of of

in in

me me

regions regions

etc., etc., and and

b8en b8en

in in

reason reason

extinct extinct some some

We We It It

the the

not not

national national

veins veins

anthropological anthropological

sa sa «caipiras» «caipiras»

~heir ~heir

the the

the the

Lagôa Lagôa

juclge juclge

these these

ves ves

maize, maize,

these these

and and

to to \Vinge. \Vinge.

mentary mentary

are are the the

names names

already already

the the this this in in Many Many

rations rations

of of penclenee, penclenee,

agreement agreement

the the degree degree

vestiges vestiges

present present vers, vers,

the the

by by

or or

But But

by by

gical gical sourres sourres

cover cover

in in

have have the the

lea lea

also also

of of

1_n 1_n

to to

an an to to

that that

am­

ves­

man man

cra­

tl_wt tl_wt

they they

e:;ist e:;ist

they they

those those

suffi-· suffi-·

t:.am­

Luncl Luncl

fami­

sam­

those those

found found

L:1g-ôa L:1g-ôa

.Bra~il .Bra~il

for for

lndwn lndwn

Doubts Doubts

extinct extinct

period, period,

also also

_already _already

of of

the the

hy hy

tbe tbe

therefore therefore

considers considers

of of

like like

tbe tbe

still still

of_ of_ and and

that that

two two

ex.amining ex.amining

tbat tbat

data data

of of

the the

an an

as as

now now

l l

wl1ich wl1ich

extmct extmct

of of

antiquity antiquity

h h

belonged belonged

loca~Illes loca~Illes

in in

is is

age age

certam certam

l, l,

to to

back back

founcl founcl one one

tributs tributs

the the

Crom Crom

from from

:vhicb :vhicb

founcl founcl

even even

,,.1th ,,.1th

s0uth s0uth

author author

Brazil, Brazil,

'ul, 'ul,

fe,~· fe,~·

A.meghino A.meghino

B~tocudos. B~tocudos.

prehistoric prehistoric

con con

far far

present, present,

cranium cranium remains remains

on on

_while _while

lt, lt,

of of

Catharina Catharina

been been

are are

other other

pottery pottery

do do

Lacerda Lacerda

the the

between between

Amenca; Amenca;

?nt ?nt

at at

the the

111 111

This This

<:aves <:aves

belonged belonged

Lhe Lhe

the the

myself myself

how how

spccies spccies

SV SV

o~· o~·

-

oí oí

the the

ele ele

of of

any any

post-tertiary post-tertiary

ha,-e ha,-e

south south

\Vhicl~ \Vhicl~

human human

in in

to to

by by

co-1Jx1sted co-1Jx1sted

of of

not, not,

out out

South South

plioce~e, plioce~e,

of of Florentino Florentino

B. B.

<;Onlemporanelty <;Onlemporanelty

36 36

Grande Grande

sambaqm-people sambaqm-people

same same

the the

the the

imilarity imilarity

The The

J. J.

fact fact

to to

as as

those those

of of

monograph monograph

regions. regions.

that that

bones bones

man man

the the

evidently evidently present present

descendants descendants

calculate calculate

conta1neel conta1neel

in in

the the

took took

Rio Rio

h3ve h3ve

also also

of of

the the

sugge::;ts sugge::;ts

t t

the the

CONCLUSlONS. CONCLUSlONS.

on on

to to

like like

at at

in in

inhabita!ltS inhabita!ltS

described described

in in

exception exception

ks ks

and and

Plata Plata

coast coast

and and

but but

sambaquis sambaquis , ,

that that

family. family.

\Ve \Ve

wbere wbere us us

to to

human human

whose whose

evident evident

indebted indebted

belief belief

valuable valuable

existed existed

formation formation

iirst iirst

La La

know know

the the

us us

mollu mollu

marnmalia. marnmalia.

naturali naturali

remarkable remarkable

thrown thrown

exactly exactly

idea idea

are are

the the

urns urns

and and

G~-:r;e G~-:r;e th th

without without

a a

family family

cranium cranium

Cidreira, Cidreira,

enable enable

the the

the the

Brazil Brazil

\Ve \Ve Allantic Allantic

to to

is is

Indians, Indians,

countl·y. countl·y.

Botocurlos Botocurlos

Botocudos. Botocudos.

Guayaná Guayaná

are are

America America

is is

the the

from from

attention attention

of of

\Ve \Ve

alreacly alreacly

been been

of of

to to

t t

Tapuias. Tapuias.

in in

In In

1 1

The The

of of

marine marine

pampean pampean

Tupi Tupi

the the

Minas Minas

the the

lhe lhe

the the

the the

funeral funeral

pleistocene pleistocene

have have

Santa Santa

celebratetl celebratetl

layers. layers.

in in

ou ou

the the

belongeel belongeel

mals. mals.

man man tiges tiges

incline incline

the the

ex.tensive ex.tensive

South South

reach. reach.

cient cient

in in

lie:-; lie:-;

there there

niums niums of of

c<1lleel c<1lleel

of of

of of

baqui baqui

rejeet rejeet

of of

baquis baquis were were the the - 38 -- - 39- the present portuguese langu9ge of the population of racter of the polished stone axes is tbe same anel pt­ S. Paulo. which however nowhere speaks the guarani pes were not nseel by either of them. dialect as happens in Paraguay. The regions of the Theee exists however some important cli:fferences State of S. Paulo, where the ancient costorns anel im­ hetween the rrupis anel the sambaquis-tribes. No pot­ plements are most abundantly preserved is the littoral tery is founcl in the sambaquis anel therefore funeral zone. I have dedicateel a paper to these relics from urns so ch~racteristic.anel common among the Tupis the stone age (N. '21 ), in wich I have described anel anel G11ararus are lacktng. A particular fe:1ture of the :figureel some of these implements. \Vbile stone-axes South-Beazilian sambaquis are further the beautiful zooli­ every where, even amongst the only half civiliseel In­ tes, polished stone mortars in the shape of fisbes anel birds. clian tribes are now substitnted by iron ones, we fincl As no one of the ancient chroniclers make rnention of in the littoral zone of S. Paulo· rnany other imple­ the existence of sambaquis ou the shores of S. Paulo, it ments of stone preservecl, such as hearth stones, small is pr·obable that the eulture of the sambaqui people is grate-stones, etc., anel also hammer-stones are occa­ much olclor tbeo that of the Indians who lived on tbe sionally used. The :fishermen use for anchoring their sa:ne coast at the periocl. of the eliscovery. canoes, which are of the primitiv lndian type, the The absence of pottery in the sambaquis is in «poita» o· «poh-ita», a large rounelecl 1one, snrroun­ strong conteast with tbe great cleveloppement of the clecl by a network of bark strings, or the «igarnteia», fabrication of polished stone implernents anel lead us a rounded stone, enclosed by wooelen hooks. Also the to suppose that the respective people belongecl to the perforated clay clisks, used as weights for fisbnets, Gês-family, in which we note also well poli~heelstone are the same as were used by the prehistoric :fisher­ axes anel little if no pottery industry. Formerly I men, as is prooved by sucb clisks found in a funarnl supposed, as said abovo, that the bracb,yêephalous skulls urn at S. Vicente. of the san~baquiinhabitants indicates them as Tupis, but Tbe bouse of the «caipira» of the rural populati0n Eh:'enrheteh has sbown tbat this arO'nf!lent is not of is also but a slight modi:fication of tbat of the G11ara­ valuc, as there exist also brachyceph~lousTapnia tri­ nis. It is interestiog tbat thus many of th!3 prehistoric bes, snch as the Cayapós. implements anel cnstoms are preserved up to our day It is' therefore reasonable to conclude, that the :mel probably further investigations will enlarge the f!eople which habited the sambaquis belonged to the number of tbese cases of relics of the stone age. Tapuia farnily anel liveel on the South-brazilian coast Thus the ineligenous element of S. Paulo presents a long time before the discovery of Ameríca anel before itself in three consecutive historical phases : the present the. time of the southward directed migration of the indians, those of the time of the cliscovery anel the peo­ Ind1ans of the Tupi-family, by which they were cles­ ple who inhabitecl tbe sambaqui anel there b!lriecl their troyed or clriven to the interior of the country. deael. Only with reference to this last point do Joubts The Inclians of S. Paulo at present as well as rem~in,anel I ha~e~odified in tbis respect my opini­ at the time. ?~t~e discovery nowhere possess a high on !':lilCe the publlcat10n of tbe :fir,.,t edition of this degree . of cmltsat10n 3nd also the infl.uence of other paper. As 1he skulls, exhumed from the sambaquis seem higher rleveloped cnltural elements is almost uou .. ti­ to be essenci.aly iclentical with those of the Tupis, I ceable. As [ have shown (N. t6, anel 22) we can veri­ formerly hehved hoth people to be identical. The cha- fy in the State of Rio Grande elo Sul the existence of

while while

unknown unknown

iufiuences iufiuences

East East

trammission trammission

to to

entirely entirely

cultural cultural

\Vest \Vest

cultural cultural

of of

almost almost

higher higher

from from

is is

41-

of of

-

direction direction

Brazil Brazil

plants plants

\Vest. \Vest.

infiux infiux

the the

to to

tbe tbe

day. day.

these these

times times

of of

East East

ent ent

prehistoric prehistoric

in in

pre pre

from from

origi:J. origi:J.

Generally Generally

the the historical historical

as as

true true

moved moved

at at

in in

is is

e e

o o

a a

it it

is is

of of

so so

in in of of

the the

the the

tbe tbe

the the

20. 20.

u u e

an­

the the

anel anel

al al

. .

zone zone than than

of of

been been

Cen­

Lecn Lecn

Tupi Tupi

the the

p

litto­

Paris, Paris,

at at

Aivar Aivar

Sul Sul

in in

Paulo, Paulo,

Lhe Lhe

of of

Guara­

Lhe Lhe

8, 8,

from from

river river

. .

elements elements

anel anel

southern southern

as as

wíth wíth the the

from from

tbat tbat

exchange exchange

have have

do do

regions regions

o[ o[

18 18

have have

completely completely

prehistoric prehistoric

«bolas» «bolas»

zone zone

tl1e tl1e

to to

that that

people people

o f f o tribution tribution

. .

at at

a a

of of

isolated isolated

founcl founcl

the the elements elements

a a

region region

Althought Althought

not not

Ge Ge

brazilian brazilian

on on

tances tances

shape shape

the the

ignoring ignoring

in in

Brazil Brazil

Indian6 Indian6

of of

trihes trihes

Ribeira, Ribeira,

Grande Grande

di di

littoral littoral

ar8 ar8

been been

found found

know know

among among nearest nearest

quite quite

Commeutaires. Commeutaires.

the the

art. art.

spinclles, spinclles,

note note

lnclians lnclians

wicle wicle di

subancline subancline

the the

partic~tlary. partic~tlary.

than than

a a

cultnral cultnral

same same

of of

are are

the the

they they

ethnographical ethnographical

sepultures sepultures

cigars, cigars,

of of

WE: WE:

Rio Rio

of of

have have

the the

also also

e e

eastern eastern

Neither Neither

Vaca, Vaca,

Pampa. Pampa.

comrnunication comrnunication The The

civilí~od civilí~od

anel anel

as as

the the

-

as as

in in

Anthropolog. Anthropolog.

intermeeliale intermeeliale

influence influence

Sul Sul

of of

in in

brazilian brazilian

situated situated

bct·c bct·c

silvei', silvei',

ohserved ohserved

more more

that that

of of

de de

toric toric

to to

of of although although

40 40

Sul, Sul, the the

and and

do do

of of

the the

island island

articles articles

the the

smokecl smokecl

The The

publisheel publisheel

(2) (2)

uch uch

-

to to

do do even even

hígbly hígbly

feeble feeble

than than

in in

the the

clue clue

probably probably

an an

andinc andinc

10 10

Bcrliner Bcrliner

Brazil. Brazil.

(I) (I)

heterogenou~ heterogenou~

prehi prehi

Cabeça Cabeça

regions regions

of of

Indians Indians

metal, metal,

these, these,

Vaca Vaca

incredible incredible

but but

Argentina. Argentina.

in in

anel anel

der der

in in

the the

GranJe GranJe

anel anel

axes. axes.

are are

recognized recognized

uch uch

of of

archeology archeology

other other

Faulo. Faulo.

plane plane

more more

Lhe Lhe

the the

Bolívia. Bolívia.

Uhle Uhle

de de

Grande Grande

plants plants

thern thern

of of

Nuuez Nuuez

clíscovery clíscovery

be be

mentioned mentioned

not not

in in

S. S.

in in

Rio Rio

to to

inhahitated inhahitated

helongin~ helongin~

ou ou

anel anel

found found

Bahia Bahia

~hough ~hough

Paulo, Paulo,

Pipe Pipe

and and

Mr. Mr.

is is

Tbe Tbe

anel anel

infiuence infiuence

communication communication

of of

copper copper

tbc tbc

Rto Rto

in in

can can

which which

Objects Objects

Alvar Alvar

Verhandl. Verhandl.

of of

vated vated

S. S.

107. 107.

cultural cultural

e e

who who axe axe

above above

Cabeç3 Cabeç3

and and

of of

e. e.

In In

ing ing

inhabiting inhabiting

richer richer

sometime sometime

region region

tate tate

anel anel

p. p.

of of

This This

This This

mot·e mot·e

pi~es, pi~es,

(2) (2)

(1) (1)

culti culti

small small

zone, zone,

tho, tho,

pipes. pipes.

the the

strongest strongest

transmittecl transmittecl

colllmon colllmon implements implements

clino clino nor nor

Calchaquís Calchaquís

of of

group group

tribes tribes

epoch epoch

found found tral tral

of of interior interior

Argentina Argentina

increa increa

anel anel

much much

is is

absent. absent.

n~s n~s

that that

copper copper Brazil Brazil

the the

found found

Nunez Nunez

surpri surpri

of of

ral ral

h1gher h1gher

1837, 1837, the the a

of

54

ri­

the

the

not the

the

im­ lin­ the

the

are

Sul,

of

p. heeu

name

them,

duno­

where

of

of

whom

BRAZIL

to

on

do

treated

Guaya­

time

Garcia,

are

Tapuias

po~sible

Quevedo

that

aceeptecl

('14

of

thetr

tribution,

gives

'lse

also

Antoniodos

ivelv

with are

the during lhe

·

same

giving

Uruguay

nor

not

di

alliecl

not

paper aclclition

Gay

and S.

lndians

of

says

.Janeiro,

at

are

Father

is Grande

Lafone

made

souTHERN

the

paper

the

.

region,

ucces

ele

relation

the

my

anel

It

of

upper

to anel Tupi

is

the

8ô)

OF

Rio

tribe

t'oundccl

Tupis,

river

in

people here

by

Rio

Urnguay

a p.

population Plata however

the

,'\S

in

schemtic,

has

\vith to

Lozano,

This

are

pective

letter

anJ

of it

of

La

neither II

years.

Paulo)

~Iartius

were

saiu 23

Plate

l3)

L~mA

re

also

14.

referring

less

.

have

I

1e

as

to

the

(S.

50

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Gês Gês uor Of yellow the writers

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guaranis Instituto O

d'

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riaux

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Tome

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Zoologi~o.

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T1·istào

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B.

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isto

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da

familie

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vocabulario

Juan Boletin

Juan

Tomo

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pequeno

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century,

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members

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thern.

the

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I

Minuanos unelerstand Rev.

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confusion

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seems

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anel

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The

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followmg denommatecl sa:vage

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Paulo

literature

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tharina ~araná-river, they

southwnrd it 1s S.

me, also t:) nvers.

the tinguishecl. are ctwn gue) th_e literature m1ly fic di~tinguish Cayuás .

p. to

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Vol.

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458-

Hist.

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Paulo.

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Boletin

Errich­ n

doBra­

Vol

p.

lo. 70-4,

Janeiro.

1903,

VI.

1

del

pedr..t

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4

logischen

18~::l.

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sambaquis.

ta.

ele Geolog.

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Pau

p.

do 1807.

rle

Paulo, a

,

Vol

Ilistorico

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Caíngangs

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1~04,

lo S.

Torno

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S.

Aires.

Hev.

inclios

den

Sambaquis.

dos

Rio

Paulo

e

Pauli

1

de antbrop

brazileir'1.

p::1ra

Minuanos.

Airrs,

1X.

S.

eclade

comparativa

Los

Revista

dos 146-458.

do

s0bre

vermeintliche

prehistorico

Geogr.

ner

ó

Paulo,

9.

rla

Buenos

durch

Paulista.

p.

lnstituto A.

Vol.

455-WO.

Museu

homem

Paulo,

die

S.

I.

sambaquis

N.

23-44.

Berli

p.

sambnqnis.

S.

Bnenos

Argentino,

elo

Historico

Guayanás

O

do

175-257.

origem

Br·azil.

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hombre

519-584.

l

Os

der

Nacional

Os

Paulo, to

archeologia

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p.

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Tomo

lli.

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Archeologia

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ContribuivOes

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1898,

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li

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ss.

H.

H

H.

H.

lengua

VI, H.

H.

.

elo

Quevedo,

Im;t.

Ríca1·do. Revista

«Historia».

Paulo,

Paulo.

Paulo, 570-577.

Paulo.

su

erhandlungen

161'

tung

Gesellschaft.

S.

zil. V

vista S.

Pnulo,

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Franclsco RepubJica

Kenntnisse.

Hio

informações

trabalhos

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Folge.

Naturvolker.

Paraná.

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und

VI.

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historica

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Paulo,

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1902

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vol.

Jo::.ef

1890.

4."

91

süd-amerikani

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Boletim

S.

Tomo

Bd.

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Rev.

S.

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Paulo,

Geologica

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1865,

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Brazil

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Nacional

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1864.

a

da

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YOn

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Brazil.

Conferencia

Zur

de

historico

Sao

p.

Vergleicbung

começo

Anthrop.

Janeiro,

do

7.a

Memorias

Museu

H.io

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sobre

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1:-:.formaçOes

Vicente,

de

Hist.

1~1')5,

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seu

.

Brasiliens.

de

do

ria.

Paulo.

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unter

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Anchieta.

aus

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Diccionario

Joaquim.

o

ambaquis

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Ollendorf.

Ilist.

Vl,

Estado

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,

da.

Rio

S.

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Guaranis. Guaranis.

Guayanás Guayanás

Eochavan· Eochavan·

Chavantt-s Chavantt-s

Pataná. Pataná.

13, 13, 14,

the the

. .

" "

» »

» »

. .

the the

» »

the the

Grosso Grosso

!:1, !:1,

. .

of of

of of

» »

. .

» »

of of

. .

» »

" "

Alto Alto

axes. axes.

artefacts artefacts

geral geral

. .

the the

l\latto l\latto

» »

" "

» »

> >

tocudos tocudos

tPS. tPS.

of of

of of

e·•lithic e·•lithic

Notocayuás Notocayuás

Nephnt Nephnt

Notobotocudos Notobotocudos

Nel'hrit Nel'hrit

Mturaquitans Mturaquitans

X X

Nu-Aruak Nu-Aruak

Language Language

Minuanos Minuanos

1\fortar 1\fortar

Language Language

Lang·uug-eofthe Lang·uug-eofthe

Language Language

LanguageoftheCaingangs LanguageoftheCaingangs

Língua Língua

Jeronime Jeronime

Jtauhaens Jtauhaens

l11g-ain8. l11g-ain8.

Igaçabas Igaçabas

Guay11nás Guay11nás

Gunrús Gunrús

Guanaos Guanaos

Guarulhos Guarulhos

Guaranis Guaranis

Goyatacaz Goyatacaz

7 7

9 9

8 8

9 9

20 20

19 19

20 20 44 44

40 40

11 11

40 40

44 44

43 43

44 44

16 16

30 30

44 44 31 31

19 19

15 15

41 41

15 15

17 17

44 44

20 20

44 44

19 19

40 40

30 30

9, 9,

8, 8,

6, 6,

9, 9,

L9, L9,

6, 6,

11, 11,

11, 11,

a, a,

41, 41,

20, 20,

14, 14,

10, 10,

27, 27,

30, 30,

an

. .

. .

INOEX INOEX

6, 6,

6, 6,

7, 7,

Paulo Paulo

Paulo, Paulo,

. .

. .

. .

18, 18,

13, 13,

26, 26,

S. S.

S. S.

Goyaz Goyaz 16, 16,

of of

Minas Minas

of of

plants plants

of of

. .

of of

Coroados Coroados

Gros8o Gros8o

axes axes

. .

. .

ted ted

Paraná-Eochavan­

udo udo

Ps. Ps.

tes. tes.

and and

M.atto M.atto

Gês Gês

<

Cultiva Cultiva

Crens Crens

Couvade. Couvade.

cChavantes>> cChavantes>> Coroados Coroados

Copper Copper

Chavuntes Chavuntes

Cayuás Cayuás

Cachimbos. Cachimbos. Charruas Charruas

Cayguás. Cayguás.

Cayapós. Cayapós.

Cauim Cauim

Cam1bs Cam1bs

Carajás Carajás

Carijós Carijós

Cain!!·uá Cain!!·uá

Cannibalism Cannibalism

Cainga.nga Cainga.nga

Camê­

Caangue. Caangue.

Botocudos Botocudos

Bugres Bugres

Bolas. Bolas.

Arua.c Arua.c

Amulets. Amulets.

do do

I." I."

im im

To­

und und

His­

Inst. Inst.

1-21. 1-21.

Histo­

do do

p. p.

Nacional Nacional

1-302. 1-302.

1~47 1~47

Nat,Jrvõl­

discriptivo discriptivo

Xingú Xingú

p. p.

sambaquis sambaquis

Janeiro. Janeiro.

Instituto Instituto

IX, IX,

Rev. Rev.

1876, 1876,

den den

Pedro. Pedro.

do do

Museu Museu

os os des des

childerung childerung

de de

Central-Brasilien, Central-Brasilien,

18í9 18í9

I., I.,

Xingú-Expedition, Xingú-Expedition,

Tratado Tratado

do do

Tomo Tomo

Rio Rio

Unter Unter

Heise Heise

sobre sobre

Vicente. Vicente.

Lerne, Lerne,

Vol. Vol.

1886. 1886.

i894, i894,

Revista Revista

. .

de. de.

do do

Durch Durch

Janeiro Janeiro

den. den.

Paes Paes

zweiten zweiten

de de

Janeiro, Janeiro,

Archivos Archivos

Erfurschung Erfurschung

de de

Estudos Estudos

den. den.

1587. 1587.

de de

Leipzig, Leipzig,

ss. ss.

-50 -50

Soa1·es Soa1·es

Janeiro. Janeiro.

Berlin. Berlin.

von von

der der

Rio Rio

zur zur

von von

em em

137 137

Rio Rio

rle rle

Geographico Geographico

Brazil. Brazil.

Almeida Almeida

Capitania Capitania

p. p.

e e

1884. 1884.

Carlos. Carlos.

f{ad f{ad

do do

Z~ntralb1·asiliens. Z~ntralb1·asiliens.

Ka1'l Ka1'l

do do

de de

Rio Rio

XIV. XIV.

Gab1·iel Gab1·iel

rla rla

Brar.il Brar.il

parte, parte,

do do

Sul Sul

Ilist. Ilist.

mo mo

ria ria

18S7-1888. 18S7-1888.

Jahre Jahre

torico torico

kern kern Expedition Expedition

do do

Ergeboiss~ Ergeboiss~

1Viener, 1Viener,

Taques Taques

Steinen, Steinen, Souza, Souza,

Steinen, Steinen,

52) 52)

53) 53)

49) 49)

51) 51) 50) 50)

3o 3o

h h

Tápes Tápes

which which

Tupinambás Tupinambás

Goyatacás, Goyatacás,

ON ON

Pinarés, Pinarés,

tribes, tribes,

Minuanos. Minuanos.

apuyas apuyas

T T

other other

Botocudos, Botocudos,

and and

Carijós, Carijós,

Tapuyas Tapuyas

(Cayapós, (Cayapós,

and and

r r

and and

Tupinaquins, Tupinaquins,

Temiminós. Temiminós.

no no

E((PLRNRTI E((PLRNRTI

Southern Southern

Puris Puris

included included

o r r o

~rachanes ~rachanes

and and

Tapuyas Tapuyas

Charruas Charruas

Tupis Tupis

I I

included included

r r

~ ~

no no

Guanaos, Guanaos,

Guaranis, Guaranis,

Tupis, Tupis,

Guayanás Guayanás Tamoyos Tamoyos

Northern Northern

Chavantes, Chavantes,

Carajás, Carajás,

are are

J J

MAP MAP

O O

c=J c=J

D D

D D

------~------~-

í í

2

5 5

», »,

17 17

28 28

18 18

18 18

10 10

19 19

17 17

30 30

30 30

31 31

10 10

l'AG. l'AG.

9, 9,

17, 17,

16, 16,

18, 18,

28, 28,

«Carijó «Carijó

16, 16,

of of

15, 15,

14, 14, 15,

14, 14,

only». only».

13, 13,

instead instead

«not «not

. .

of of

-

------

Temininoe. Temininoe.

Tibiriçá. Tibiriçá.

Tembetá Tembetá

Tremembé~. Tremembé~.

Tupiniquins Tupiniquins

Tupinambás Tupinambás

Tupis Tupis

Zoolithes Zoolithes

Votorões Votorões

Yirotes Yirotes

Urns. Urns.

Xocrens. Xocrens.

instead instead

~9 ~9

u-

7 7

!1 !1

----

32 32

20 20

28 28 31 31

32 32

17 17

40 40

40 40

20 20

10 10

PAG. PAG.

only» only»

«Sambaqui-people» «Sambaqui-people»

«

9, 9,

CORRECTIONS. CORRECTIONS.

5, 5,

30, 30,

16, 16,

------

read read

read read

5, 5,

4, 4,

. .

line line

line line

. .

20, 20,

30, 30,

. .

thic. thic.

P. P.

P. P.

Paleoli Paleoli

Paradeiros. Paradeiros.

Pampa~-Indians Pampa~-Indians

Tapuyas Tapuyas

Pseudo-Coroados Pseudo-Coroados

Polygamy Polygamy

Pipes Pipes

Petroglyphs Petroglyphs

Socrés Socrés

Sambaquis Sambaquis

Tamoyos Tamoyos Taveus Taveus ----

MA P II

l I

- -

E((PLF\Nl\TION c::::J Guaranis and Cayuás c::::J Southern Tapuyas (I. Se c.)(Caingangs) Southern Tapuyas (11.Sec.) (lngaim CJ and Guayanás.) Northern Tapuyas (\ayapós, c:::=3Chavantes, Puris, Botocudos etc.) ,----, Guayaquis and Guaycurús and other tribes, which L__1 are no r Tupis no r Tapuyas __ __L ~ h