Pymetrozine: An essential component of insect pest management in European oilseed rape production.
Russell Slater, Christoph Vock, Torsten Block
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EPPO Workshop on integrated management of insect pests in oilseed rape. 20th‐22nd September 2017 ® CLASSIFICATION: PUBLIC ™ Code number CGA 215944 Trade name PLENUM Chordotonal-Sensillae Formulation 50% WG Common name Pymetrozine Chemical class Pyridine azomethine Mode of action Chordotonal organ Femur TRPV channel modulator Extensor
IRAC MoA code 9B Pymetrozine works on the Joint sensillae in the chordotonal Molecular Flexor structure organ and blocks the nerve impulse to the brain. This results in a constant stretching of the legs. Actvitiy Contact Lower leg Ingestion Systemic
Spectrum Aphids Lower leg Whitefly Planthoppers Mealybugs Femur Beetles & Weevils Other insecticides Pyrifluquinazon with same mode Afidopyrafen of action
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CLASSIFICATION: PUBLIC Pymetrozine symptomology Uncontrolled extension of hind legs. Beetle starts to lose control of legs and starts intensive grooming behaviour
Normal behaviour
Easy prey for predators
Total loss of co‐ordination and balance
Beetle falls to the ground
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CLASSIFICATION: PUBLIC Pymetrozine Use in OSR
BBCH 59 Pollen beetle
Aphids
10 11 18 32 51 53 55 57 61 65
• Unique mode of action in oilseed rape. • Rapid effects: stops feeding quickly . • Reliable performance: shown to provide pest control under varible environmental conditions – Both high and low temperatures.
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CLASSIFICATION: PUBLIC Efficacy against pollen beetle in winter OSR n = 31 (DE, CH, FR, PL, CZ, DK)
90 80 70 60 50 40
Efficacy % 30 20 10 0 1-2 4-5 7-8 10 TageDays after application nach Applikation Plenum 150 g/ha VM (NCI) 300 ml/haNNI 300 ml/ha
® Resistance status of major OSR pests to registered insecticides modes of action.
Chemical IRAC A.I. ) ) )
subgroup MoA Examples ) (C.picitarsis) flea beetle stem weevil C.pallidactylus Rape winter Pollen Beetle ( (Myzus persicae) Cabbage stem Meligethes aeneus Ceutorhynchus napi ( C.assimilis/Obstrictus ( (Dasineura brassicae) Rape Stem Weevil ( Green peach aphid Brassica pod midge Cabbage seed weevil Cabbage Stem Weevil (Psylliodes chrysocephala)
Pyrethroids 3A L‐cyhalothrin Deltamethin Cyfluthrin Pyrethroids 3A Tau‐fluvalinate Bifenthrin Etofenprox Organophosphates 1B Chlorpyrifos Phosmet Neonicotinoids 4A Thiacloprid Acetamiprid Thiamethoxam Pyridine azomethine 9B Pymetrozine
Oxadiazines 22A Indoxacarb
Carbamates 1A Pirimicarb
Green = No known cases of resistance, Yellow = localised shifts in sensitivity or localised resistance hotspots Orange = Resistance reported in several regions with significant impact on pest control, Red = widespread resistance.
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CLASSIFICATION: PUBLIC MoA’s available across important OSR producing region for controlling pollen beetles ‐Today
No. of MoA’s today in 4 average: 3‐5
3 • Pyrethroides 4 • Neonicotinoides • Organophosphates 4 3 • Pymetrozine 5 5 4 • Indoxacarb 5 • Spinosad (CH only) 5 5 6 5 3 4
Maintaining as many MoA as possible is key!
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CLASSIFICATION: PUBLIC Pollen beetle: MoA situation & outlook in Europe
MoA groups registered availability in countries ‐ today Outlook Pyrethroids (3A) Everywhere Restistance selection increasing (not all SPI’s similar affected) : UNDER THREAT Neonicotinoids (4A) Everywhere (almost) Regulatory pressure high: COMPLETE BAN? Pyridine azomethine derivates: Everywhere Regulatory pressure: Pymetrozine (9B) UNCERTAIN Oxadiazines: Indoxacarb (22A) Mostly available (not in HR, SL, SE, Remains ? NL) Organophosphates (1B) BE, FR, AT, PL, CZ, HR, HU, CH (not Regulatory pressure high in DK, GB, DE, SL, NL, SE) Further PHASE OUT? Spinosyns: Spinosad (5) CH only (not in EU) Potential in other countries ? New / alternative MoA Regulatory reuquirements often compromise registrability success chance or effectiveness
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CLASSIFICATION: PUBLIC MoA’s available across important OSR producing region for controlling pollen beetles – Future ?
1-2 • Pyrethroids • Pyrethroids not 0 affected by resistance or reduced rates (Except DK, SE) 1 • Neonicotinoids 1-2 • Organophosphates 0-1 1-2 1-2 1-2 • Pymetrozine 1-2 • Indoxacarb 1-2 1-2 • Spinosad (CH only) 2-3 1-2 0-10-1
Maintaining as many MoA as possible is key!
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CLASSIFICATION: PUBLIC Maintaining diversity of modes of action & learning lessons from
the past. Percentage of pyrethroid resistant beetle populations in Germany 2001‐2015 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2001 2002 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2001‐2006 based on Syngenta data, 2007‐2015 IRAC data*
• The lack of available alternatives and repetitive over use of pyrethroids is one of the key factors in the evolution of pyrethroid resistant oilseed rape pests. • Response from industry has been to register alternative modes of action from their existing portfolio of products. • However many of those alternatives are under threat from regulatory challenge.
• Discovery, development and registration of new active substances (especially new MoA) extremely challenging, particularly in Europe – Don’t expect unlimited supply ! • Critical to maintain diversity of modes of action and implement resistance management in practice in order to prevent or delay resistance and repeat events of the past.
* www.irac‐online‐org ®
CLASSIFICATION: PUBLIC Unique mode of action for oilseed rape pest control.
Highly active against aphids & pollen beetle.
No known resistance in oilseed rape pests.
An important resistance management tool.
A critical need to maintain diversity of modes of action.
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CLASSIFICATION: PUBLIC