On the Herpetofauna of the East Anatolian Province of Bitlis (Turkey) (Amphibia; Reptilia)

Home , Adilcevaz, Ahlat, Anatolian lizard, Bitlis, Bitlis Province, Dolichophis

Akman_etal_Bitlis_Herpetofauna_TR:HERPETOZOA.qxd 02.09.2018 10:55 Seite 1

hErPETozoA 31 (1/2): 69 - 82 69 Wien, 30. August 2018

on the herpetofauna of the East Anatolian Province of Bitlis (Turkey) (Amphibia; reptilia)

zur herpetofauna der ostanatolischen Provinz Bitlis (Türkei) (Amphibia; reptilia)

BAhAdir AkMAn & M EhMET zÜlfÜ Yildiz & A BdullAh furkAn ÖzCAn & M EhMET Akif BozkurT & n AşiT iğCi & B AYrAM GÖçMEn

kurzfASSunG Anhand ihrer feld- und literaturstudien identifizierten die Autoren 36 Amphibien- und reptilienarten, die nachweislich in der türkischen Provinz Bitlis vorkommen, wobei die fundorte und die an ihnen angetroffenen habitattypen angegeben werden. die durch Beobachtung festgestellten hauptgefährdungsursachen werden benannt. insgesamt kennt man aus dem untersuchungsgebiet vorkommen von vier froschlurch-, zwei Schwanzlurch- und Schildkrötenarten sowie 15 Echsen- und 13 Schlangenarten. Hyla savignyi Audouin , 1827 , Heremites vittatus (oliviEr , 1804), Timon kurdistanicus (S uChoW , 1936) and Eirenis thospitis SChMidTlEr & lAnzA , 1990, stellen Erstnachweise für die Provinz Bitlis dar. ABSTrACT Based on their field studies and data from the literature, the authors identified 36 amphibian and reptile species occurring in the East Anatolian Province of Bitlis (Turkey). The record localities and habitat types are spec - ified and the authors’ observations regarding the major factors threatening the species are addressed. in total, the presence of four anuran, two urodelan, two chelonian, 15 lizard and 13 snake species was verified. Hyla savignyi Audouin , 1827 , Heremites vittatus (oliviEr , 1804), Timon kurdistanicus (S uChoW , 1936) and Eirenis thospitis SChMidTlEr & l AnzA , 1990, represent first records for the Bitlis Province. kEY WordS Amphibia; reptilia; distribution, herpetofauna, new provincial record; Hyla savignyi , Heremites vittatus , Timon kurdistanicus , Eirenis thospitis , Province of Bitlis, East Anatolia, Turkey

inTroduCTion

The high biodiversity in the territory et al. 2000 ;GÖçMEn et al. 2007, 2009 ; of Turkey is due to its variety in topograph - Yildiz et al. 2007, 2013; hÜr et al. 2008 ; ical, geological and climatic features. AfSAr & T ok 2011; Tok & ç içEk 2014; Based on its position and geology, Anatolia TuniYEv et al. 2014 ;EGE et al. 2015 ;İğCi et acted in the past as a bridge or as a barrier al. 2015 ;SAMi et al. 2015 ;Yildiz & İ ğCi for species’ dispersal between Asia, Europe, 2015; SArikAYA et al. 2017). These studies and the Ethiopian region via the Middle contributed to the knowledge of the herpeto- East, providing a natural pathway or acting fauna of Turkey with regard to the species’ as a vicariant agent ( CihAn & T ok 2014; taxonomy, ecology and distribution. ÖzCAn & Ü zÜM 2014; A MBArli et al. 2016). The study of the herpetofaunal biodi - reptiles and amphibians play an important versity of the East Anatolian Province of role in the high biodiversity of Turkey. its Bitlis (6,707 km 2) has not come to an end herpetofauna has been examined in detail by yet. Pertinent information comes from pub - native and foreign investigators until today lished surveys covering wider areas or stud - (BArAn 1982; B ArAn & A TATÜr 1986; M ul - ies focusing on the distribution and ecology dEr 1995; B ArAn & A TATÜr 1998; S indACo of a particular species ( EiSElT 1940, 1979; Akman_etal_Bitlis_Herpetofauna_TR:HERPETOZOA.qxd 02.09.2018 10:55 Seite 2

70 B. A kMAn & M. z. Y ildiz & A. f. Ö zCAn & M. A. B ozkurT & n. i ğCi & B. G ÖçMEn

BiSChoff & B ÖhME 1980; S ChMidT lEr The present study aimed to specify the 1986; Ö z 1987; E iSElT et al. 1992; Öz 1994; species of amphibians and reptiles occurring SChMidTlEr 1994; S ChMidTlEr et al. 1994; in Bitlis, show their distribution and identi - STEinfArTz 1995; A YAz et al. 2006; fy the habitat types utilized by the species. SChnEidEr & S ChnEidEr 2010; A kMAn in addition, the authors’ observations 2013; k APli et al. 2013), with the emphasis regarding the major factors threatening the on the northern part of the province. herpetofauna is addressed.

MATEriAlS And METhodS

The Province of Bitlis, also simply to June 2016. field studies were conducted referred to as Bitlis below, was herpetologi - in all types of suitable habitats such as wet - cally surveyed three times during May 2015 lands, forests, steppes, dunes, high moun -

fig. 1: Map showing the record localities of the amphibians and reptiles observed in the Province of Bitlis (Turkey). The numbering corresponds to the locality numbers and names in Table 1 and the Appendix. Gray lines represent province borders. Abb. 1: fundortkarte der in der türkischen Provinz Bitlis beobachteten Amphibien- und reptilien. die numerierung entspricht jener der fundorte in Tabelle 1 und im Appendix. Graue linien stellen Provinzgrenzen dar. 1 7 ) y e k r u T (

s i l t i B

f o

a n u a f o t e p r e h

fig. 2: Amphibians and reptiles of the east Anatolian Province of Bitlis (Turkey). Abb. 2: Amphibien und reptilien der ostanatolischen Provinz Bitlis (Türkei).

a – Hyla savignyi Audouin , 1827 , b – Mediodactylus heterocercus (B lAnford , 1874) , c – Heremites vittatus (o liviEr , 1804) , d – Timon kurdistanicus (S uChoW , 1936) , e – Eirenis thospitis SChMidTlEr & l AnzA , 1990 . Akman_etal_Bitlis_Herpetofauna_TR:HERPETOZOA.qxd 02.09.2018 10:55 Seite 3 Seite 10:55 02.09.2018 Akman_etal_Bitlis_Herpetofauna_TR:HERPETOZOA.qxd Akman_etal_Bitlis_Herpetofauna_TR:HERPETOZOA.qxd 02.09.2018 10:55 Seite 4

72 B. A kMAn & M. z. Y ildiz & A. f. Ö zCAn & M. A. B ozkurT & n. i ğCi & B. G ÖçMEn

tains, settlements and agricultural areas. using digital cameras (nikon d80, nikon using Google Earth ® and similar map pro - d300s) and lenses (Sigma 90 mm Macro, 70- grams, the areas were selected by visual 300 mm, 18-105 mm and 50-500 mm). evaluation of the satellite images during the for the identification of the amphibian field survey. A total of 104 localities lying and reptile species collected from the study approximately between 755 and 2,405 m areas established literature was used a.s.l. (altitudinal range of Bitlis: 750-4,035 (BAşoğlu & B ArAn 1977; 1980; l EviTon et m) were surveyed during these excursions. al. 1992; B ArAn & A TATÜr 1998; B udAk & The geographical coordinates of the record - GÖçMEn 2008). Additionally, the conserva - ed species were marked with a GPS device tion status of the amphibian and reptile (model Garmin Montana 650) but the exact species detected was indicated according to coordinates are not given here for the pro - iuCn (2018) red list of Threatened Spe- tection of species. The position of these cies, CiTES (2018), and Bern Convention localities is shown on a map (fig. 1) and the (2018). The chorotype classification for the coordinates were deposited in the zoology near East fauna follows viGnA TAGliAnTi et Museum of the Adıyaman univer sity al. (1999), the amphibian and reptile habitats (zMAdYu, Adıyaman/Turkey) and The were categorized into 11 groups according to noah’s Ark Biodiversity database (< http:// the following EuniS level two habitat types www.nuhungemisi.gov.tr/ >, April 20, 2018; (EuniS 2018): C1 - Surface standing The republic of Turkey, Ministry of forestry waters; C3 - littoral zone of inland surface and Water Affairs, General directorate of water bodies; d2 - valley mires, poor fens nature Conservation and national Parks). and transition mires; E1 - dry Grasslands; field studies were conducted by the E2 - Mesic Grasslands; G5 - lines of trees, authors. reptile and amphibian specimens small anthropogenic woodlands, recently were caught by hand, and the latter using a felled woodland, early-stage woodland and scoop if needed. Color photographs of the coppice; h3 - inland cliffs, rock pavements live specimens were taken in their natural and outcrops; h5 - Miscellaneous inland habitats. After examination and photograph - habitats with very sparse or no vegetation; ing, they were released at the points where i1 - Arable land and market gardens; they had been observed. The photographs of J1 - Buildings of cities, towns and villages; the species and their habitats were taken and J2 - low density buildings.

rESulTS

A total number of 36 herpetological area were Pelophylax ridibundus (P AllAS , species belonging to four orders and 15 fam - 1771), Testudo graeca linnAEuS , 1758 , ilies were recorded in Bitlis: urodela (Sala - Lacerta media lAnTz & C Yrén , 1920 , mandridae, 2 spp.); Anura (Bufonidae, 1 sp.; Ophisops elegans MénéTriES , 1832 and ranidae, 2 spp.; hylidae, 1 sp.); Te studines Dolichophis jugularis (l innAEuS , 1758) . (Geoemydidae, 1 sp.; Testudinidae, 1 sp.); of the 36 species observed, one Squamata - Sauria (Gekkonidae, 1 sp.; Aga - [Neurergus strauchii (S TEindAChnEr , midae, 3 spp.; lacertidae, 7 spp.; Scincidae, 1887)] is endemic to Turkey. Eirenis thos - 4 spp.) Serpentes (Boidae, 1 sp.; Colubridae, pitis SChMidTlEr & l AnzA , 1990, previous - 9 spp.; natricidae, 1 sp.; Typhlopidae, 1 sp.; ly known as Anatolian endemic was recent - viperidae, 1 sp.). The taxonomic categories ly reported from iraq ( MohAMAd & A frA- with their species are listed in Table 1 that SiAB 2015). The iuCn red list of Threat- also enumerates the locations at which the ened Species (iuCn 2018) classifies N. species of this study and previous studies strauchii and T. graeca in the category were observed, and the conservation status “vulnerable (vu)”, Salamandra infra- of each species according to international immaculata (M ArTEnS , 1885) as “near agreements signed by Turkey. The species Threatened (nT)”, Bufotes variabilis (P Al - most commonly encountered in the study lAS , 1769) and E. thospitis as “data de- Akman_etal_Bitlis_Herpetofauna_TR:HERPETOZOA.qxd 02.09.2018 10:55 Seite 5

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76 B. A kMAn & M. z. Y ildiz & A. f. Ö zCAn & M. A. B ozkurT & n. i ğCi & B. G ÖçMEn

Table 2: Presence or absence of 11 EuniS (2017) level two habitat types at the record localities of 36 amphibian and reptile species in the Turkish Province of Bitlis. The column on the far right indicates the number and proportion of habitat types occupied by a particular species, the bottom row the number and proportion of species using a particular habitat type. C1 – Surface standing waters, C3 – littoral zone of inland surface water bodies, d2 – valley mires, poor fens and transition mires, E1 – dry Grasslands, E2 – Mesic Grasslands, G5 – lines of trees, small anthropogenic woodlands, recently felled woodland, early–stage woodland and coppice, h3 – inland cliffs, rock pavements and outcrops, h5 – Miscellaneous inland habitats with very sparse or no vegetation, i1 – Arable land and market gardens, J1 – Buildings of cities, towns and villages, and J2 – low density buildings. Tab. 2: das vorhandensein oder fehlen von 11 EuniS (2017) habitattypen der zweiten Gliederungsebene an den fundorten von 36 Amphibien- und reptilienarten der türkischen Provinz Bitlis. die Spalte rechts außen gibt die absolute und relative häufigkeit der von einer Art genutzten habitattypen an, die letzte Tabellenzeile absolute und relative häufigkeit der Arten, die ein bestimmtes habitat nutzen. C1 – stehende oberflächen- gewässer, C3 – uferzone von oberflächengewässern des inlandes, d2 – Moore verschiedener Ausprägung, E1 – trockenes Grasland, E2 – feuchtes Grasland, G5 – Baumreihen, kleine anthropogene Wälder, kürzlich gerodetes Waldland, Schonungen, Buschland, h3 – felsformationen des inlandes, Steinpflasterungen, Aufschlüsse, h5 – verschiedene inlandshabitate ohne oder mit geringer vegetation, i1 – Ackerland, Gemüsefelder, J1 – städtische Bauformen, Städte, ortschaften, J2 – locker bebaute Siedlungsformen.

Species / Art C1 C3 d2 E1 E2 G5 h3 h5 i1 J1 J2 frequency / häufigkeit (11 = 100 %) Neurergus strauchii ++++++6 (54.55) Salamandra infraimmaculata + 1 (9.09) Bufotes variabilis +++++5 (45.45) Rana macrocnemis ++++4 (36.36) Pelophylax ridibundus +++++++++++11 (100.00) Hyla savignyi ++ + 3 (27.27) Mauremys caspica ++++ ++ 6 (54.55) Testudo graeca +++++++7 (63.64) Mediodactylus heterocercus ++2 (18.18) Paralaudakia caucasia ++ 2 (18.18) Stellagama stellio ++ + 3 (27.27) Trapelus lessonae + 1 (9.09) Apathya cappadocica +++++5 (45.45) Darevskia raddei +++++++8 (72.73) Darevskia valentini ++++++6 (54.55) Eremias suphani ++2 (18.18) Lacerta media ++++++ 6 (54.55) Ophisops elegans +++++++7 (63.64) Timon kurdistanicus ++ + 3 (27.27) Ablepharus chernovi ++ + 3 (27.27) Eumeces schneideri ++ 2 (18.18) Heremites auratus ++ 2 (18.18) Heremites vittatus ++ 2 (18.18) Eryx jaculus ++ 2 (18.18) Dolichophis jugularis ++ + ++++ 7 (63.64) Dolichophis schmidti +++++5 (45.45) Eirenis modestus + 1 (9.09) Eirenis punctatolineatus + 1 (9.09) Eirenis thospitis ++ 2 (18.18) Elaphe sauromates ++++4 (36.36) Hemorrhois ravergieri ++ 2 (18.18) Malpolon insignitus ++ + 3 (27.27) Platyceps najadum ++2 (18.18) Natrix tessellata ++ ++++ + 7 (63.64) Xerotyphlops vermicularis ++ + 3 (27.27) Macrovipera lebetina ++ + 3 (27.27) frequency / häufigkeit 9 10 2 15 4 25 27 12 34 2 3 (36 = 100 %) 25.0 27.8 5.6 41.7 11.1 69.4 75.0 33.3 94.4 5.6 8.3 Akman_etal_Bitlis_Herpetofauna_TR:HERPETOZOA.qxd 02.09.2018 10:55 Seite 9

herpetofauna of Bitlis (Turkey) 77

ficient (dd)”, whereas the others are placed Pelophylax ridibundus was observed in ‘least Concern (lC)’ except Mauremys in all of the 11 considered EuniS habitat caspica (G MElin , 1774), Para laudakia cau - types, T. graeca , Darevskia raddei (B oETT- casia (E iChWAld , 1831), O. elegans, Eu - GEr , 1892) , O. elegans , D. jugularis and meces schneideri (d Audin , 1802), Eryx ja - Natrix tessellata (l AurEnTi , 1768) in seven culus (l innAEuS , 1758), Elaphe sauromates or eight (Table 2). Most records were made (P AllAS , 1811), Hemorrhois ravergieri in habitat types i1, h3 and G5. (M énéTriES , 1832), Malpolon insignitus Based on the impressions perceived (G EoffroY dE ST-h ilAirE , 1827), Xero- during their field work, the authors identi - typhlops vermicularis (M ErrEM , 1820) and fied habitat destruction, pollution, and col - Macrovipera lebetina (l innAEuS , 1758), lection for commercial purposes (particu - that are categorized “not Evaluated (nE)”. larly for amphibians) as the most important on the other hand, all the species are under threats to the herpetofauna in the Province protection according to the Bern criteria of Bitlis. The various habitats of this pro- (Bern Convention 2018). Among them, 11 vince accommodate a variety of herpeto - species are strictly protected (according to logical species which are highly adapted to Appendix ii) and 25 protected (listed in particular habitat types such as lakes, Appendix iii). in addition, when evaluated rivers, dams, canals, and streams that are according to CiTES criteria (CiTES 2018), important feeding and breeding areas for only two species (T. graeca and E. jaculus ) frogs, water turtles and aquatic snakes, with are under protection according to CiTES dunes, grassland and stony fields in their Appendix ii. vicinity as important feeding grounds for The herpetological species observed amphibians and reptiles. habitat loss due in Bitlis can be assigned to nine chorotype to destruction appears to be the most obvi - categories (Table 1). Among these, the SW- ous threat to the herpetological species in Asiatic category is represented by 18 (50.00 Bitlis. The main process causing habitat %), the Turano-Mediterranean category by destruction is the transformation of natural six (16.66 %) and the Mediterranean cate - habitats to agricultural fields. Another gory by three species (8.33 %). The cate - important threat is pollution both chemical gories Anatolian Endemic, East-Mediterra- and physical. it was observed that waste nean and Turano-Europeo-Mediterranean including packings of agricultural pesti - are represented by two species each (5.55 cides had been disposed carelessly into ter - %) and each of the categories Centralasiatic, restrial and wetland habitats. Additionally, Centralasiatic-European and Turanian by a P. ridibundus is harvested for its frogs’ legs single species (2.77 %). and exported to Europe.

diSCuSSion

This research established the presence mehmet (hizan) near the Bitlis-Siirt pro - of six species of amphibians and 30 of rep - vince border was unexpected. Eirenis thos - tiles in the Province of Bitlis. The occur - pitis was described based on specimens rence of five amphibian and 27 reptile from the Turkish Province of van species was known from previous studies, (SChMidTlEr & l AnzA 1990 ). nAGY et al. Hyla savignyi Audouin , 1827 , Heremites (2003) considered Eirenis hakkariensis vittatus (o liviEr , 1804) , Timon kurdistani - SChMidTlEr & E iSElT , 1991, described from cus (S uChoW , 1936) and Eirenis thospitis the Turkish Province of hakkari as a sub - were recorded for the first time. Some pub - species of E. thospitis based on studies of lished records of H. savigny i, H. vittatus mitochondrial and nuclear marker genes. and T. kurdistanicus are close to the bound - This view was adopted in the iuCn red aries of this province ( SindACo et al. 2000), list of Threatened Species ( Tok et al. so detection of these species in Bitlis was 2009). however, MAhloW et al. (2013) not surprising, whereas the record of E. resurrected its full species status based on thospitis at Sağırkaya (hizan) and hacı - marked morphological differences in their Akman_etal_Bitlis_Herpetofauna_TR:HERPETOZOA.qxd 02.09.2018 10:55 Seite 10

78 B. A kMAn & M. z. Y ildiz & A. f. Ö zCAn & M. A. B ozkurT & n. i ğCi & B. G ÖçMEn

detailed check list of the genus Eirenis . guide the rural peoples’ agricultural activi - recently, MohAMAd & A frASiAB (2015) ties. reported the occurrence of E. thospitis in herpetofaunal surveys and inventory northern iraq. The Bitlis record shows that studies were important to develop profound the distribution area of this snake is still knowledge of the Turkish herpetofauna insufficiently known. (Bird 1936; C lArk & C lArk 1973; B A- Pelophylax ridibundus , T. graeca , D. şoğlu & B ArAn 1977, 1980; l EviTon et al. raddei , O. elegans , D. jugularis and N. tes - 1992; kuMluTAş et al. 2004; frAnzEn et al. sellata were observed in very different 2008; GÖçMEn et al. 2013, 2014; CihAn & EuniS habitat types, indicating high phe - Tok 2014; Yildiz et al. 2015; AkMAn et al. notypic plasticity as shown also by the 2016). however, a comprehensive survey species’ wide distribution in Anatolia. detailing the herpetofauna of the Province Based on the authors’ observations, of Bitlis was not available to date. The her - the most threatening factors to amphibians petological species richness of Bitlis (36 and reptiles in the Province of Bitlis com - known taxa) holds an intermediate position prise reduction in quality and quantity of the among the corresponding inventories of available aquatic and terrestrial habitats, provinces in other parts of Turkey, e.g., 27 environmental pollution including the easy species in iğdır ( ToSunoğlu et al. 2010), 24 and carefree use of agricultural pesticides, in karabük ( kuMluTAş et al. 2017) and 56 and the antipathetic behavior of the locals species in Adana ( SArikAYA et al. 2017). towards the herpetofauna. it is therefore The updated herpetofaunal inventory of essential and of crucial importance that the Bitlis adds one anuran, two lizard and one authorities inform and instruct the local snake species to the known herpetological population regarding the importance of population, providing a useful basis for con - amphibian and reptile conservation and servation studies.

ACknoWlEdGMEnTS

The authors wish to thank Eren Germeç (Anka- Turkey Ministry of forestry and Water Affairs General ra) for his help in preparing the map and çınar En- directorate of nature Conservation and national Parks gineering Consulting Co. (Ankara) for their support and AdYuBAP (Adıyaman university, Scientific during the project. This study was conducted within research Projects units) BAPYl (Bilimsel Araştırma the framework of the Program of Biodiversity Projeleri Yüksek lisans Projesi) with grant number Monitoring (2015-2016) supported by the republic of 2016-09.

rEfErEnCES

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(2014): new locality records for four rare species of a collection of amphibians and reptiles from Turkey.- vipers (reptilia: viperidae) in Turkey.- zoology in the occasional Papers of the California Academy of Middle East, london; 60 (4): 306-313. Sciences, San francisco; 104: 1-62. GÖçMEn , B. & n ilSon , G. & Y ildiz , M. z. & Coşkun , Y. & k AYA , A. & k AYA , C. (2013): ArikAn , h. & Y AlçinkAYA , d. & A kMAn , B. (2007): Salamandra infraimmaculata (MErTEnS , 1948) [sic!] on the occurrence of the Black Cat Snake, Telescopus ve Neurergus strauchii (STEindAChnEr , 1887) (Cau- nigriceps (Ahl , 1924) (Serpentes: Colubridae) from data: Salamandridae) için Güneydoğu Anadolu the Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey with some taxonom - Bölgesi’nden yeni kayıtlar [new records of Sala - ical comments.- north-Western Journal of zoology, mandra infraimmaculata (M ErTEnS , 1948) [sic!] and oradea; 3 (2): 81-95. Akman_etal_Bitlis_Herpetofauna_TR:HERPETOZOA.qxd 02.09.2018 10:55 Seite 12

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GÖçMEn , B. & v EiTh , M. & A kMAn , B. & Öz, M. (1987): Anadolu’daki Salamandra sala - GodMAnn , o. & İ ğCi , n. & o ğuz , M. A. (2013): new mandra ‘nın taksonomi, biyoloji ve dağılışı üzerine records of the Turkish lycian salamanders ( Lycia- çalışmalar.- doğa - Turkish Journal of zoology, Anka- salamandra , Salamandridae).- north-Western Journal ra; 11 (3): 136-154. of zoology, oradea; 9 (2): 319-328. Öz, M. (1994): A new form of Neurergus hÜr , h. & u ğurTAş , İ. h. & İ şBilir , A. (2008): strauchii (urodela, Salamandridae) from Turkey.- The amphibian and reptile species of kazdağı national Turkish Journal of zoology, Ankara; 18: 115-117. Park.- Turkish Journal of zoology, Ankara; 32 (3): 359- Öz, M. & A rikAn , h. (1990); Bitlis çevresin - 362. deki Salamandra salamandra (urodela, Salaman - İğCi , n. & G ÖçMEn , B. & A kMAn , B. & dridae) populasyonu üzerinde taksonomik araştır - dEMirSoY , A. İ. & o ğuz , M. A. (2015): range exten - malar.- doğa - Turkish Journal of zoology, Ankara; sion of four species of snakes (ophidia: Eirenis , Pseu- 14: 195-199. docyclophis , Platyceps ) in Eastern Anatolia.- Biharean ÖzCAn , S. & Ü zÜM , n. (2014): The herpetofau - Biologist, oradea; 9 (2): 166-169. na of Madran Mountain (Aydın, Turkey).- Turkish iuCn (2018): The iuCn red list of Threat- Journal of zoology, Ankara; 38 (1): 108-113. ened Species. version 2017.2. WWW database avail - rASTEGAr -P ouYAni , n. & A vCi , A. & k uM- able at < http://www.iucnredlist.org > [last ac cessed: luTAş , Y. & i lGAz , ç. & Y ouSEfkhAni , S. S. h . (2013): May 25, 2018]. new country record and range extension of Eremias kAPli , P. & B oToni , d. & i lGAz , C. & suphani BAşoğlu & h EllMiCh , 1968 from iran.- kuMluTAş , Y. & A vCi , A. & r ASTEGAr -P ouYAni , n. & Amphibian & reptile Conservation, Modesto; 6 (2): fAThiniA , B. & l YMBErAkiS , P. & A hMAdzAdEh , f. & 35-39. PoulAkAkiS , n. (2013): Molecular phylogeny and his - SAMi , E. & Y ildiz , M. z. & S ArikAYA , B. & torical biogeography of the Anatolian lizard Apathya ÖzCAn , A. f. & G ÖçMEn , B . (2015): Adıyaman ilinin (Squamata, lacertidae).- Molecular Phylogenetics and kurbağa ve sürüngenleri hakkında ön çalışma. p. 10. in: Evolution, San diego; 66 (3): 992-1001. çiçEk , E. (Ed.): Abstract Book of the Second national kArAhiSAr , S. & d EMirSoY , A. (2012): The zoology Congress, Afyon, Turkey, August 28-31, comparison of important Salamandra infraimmaculata 2015. populations in Turkey by means of morphological, his - Sarıkaya, B. & Yıldız, M. z. & Sezen, G. tological and karyotypical characteristics.- hacettepe (2017): The herpetofauna of Adana Province Journal of Biology and Chemistry, Ankara; (Special (Turkey).- kommagene Biyoloji dergisi; 1 (1): 1-12. issue): 343-350. [electronic journal, article available at < http://dergi - kuMluTAS , Y. & Ö z, M. & T unç , M. r. & park.gov.tr/commagene/issue/34850/391784 >]. kASkA , Y. & Ö zdEMir , A. & d ÜSEn , S. (2 004): on SChMidTlEr , J. f. (1986): orientalische Sma- snake species of the western Taurus range, Turkey.- ragdeidechsen: 2. Über Systematik und Synökologie natura Croatia, zagreb; 13 (1): 19-33. von Lacerta trilineata , L. media und L. pamphylica .- kuMluTAş , Y. & i lGAz , ç. & Y AkAr , o. (2017): Salamandra, Bonn; 22 (2/3) 126-146. karabük İli’nin herpetofaunası [herpetofauna of SChMidTlEr , J. f. (1994): Eine Übersicht neuer - karabük province].- Türk biyoloji dergisi, İstanbul; er untersuchungen und Beobachtungen an der 30 (4): 102-107. vorderasiatischen Molchgattung Neurergus CoPE , lEviTon , A. E. & A ndErSon , S. C. & A dlEr , 1862.- Abhandlungen und Berichte für naturkunde, k. & M inTon , S. A. (1992): handbook to Middle East Magdeburg; 17: 193-198. amphibians and reptiles including iraq, kuwait, SChMidTlEr , J. f. & E iSElT , J. (1991): zur southwestern iran and northeastern Arabia (Con - Systematik und verbreitung ostanatolischer zwerg- tributions to herpetology no. 8). oxford (Society for nattern; mit Beschreibung von Eirenis hakkariensis n. the Study of Amphibians and reptiles - SSAr), pp. i- sp.- Salamandra, Bonn; 27 (4): 225-237. vii, 1-252. SChMidTlEr , J. f. & E iSElT , J. & d ArEvSkY , i. MAhloW , k. & T illACk , f. & S ChMidTlEr , J. f. S. (1994): untersuchungen an felseidechsen ( Lacerta- & M ÜllEr , J. (2013): An annotated checklist, descrip - saxicola -Gruppe) in der östlichen Türkei 3. zwei neue tion and key to the dwarf snakes of the genus Eirenis parthenogenetische Arten.- Salamandra, Bonn; 30 (1): JAn , 1863 (reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae), with spe - 55-70. cial emphasis on the dentition.- vertebrate zoology, SChMidTlEr , J. f. & l AnzA , B. 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STEinfArTz , S. (1995): zur fortpflanzungsbio- proposal for a chorotype classification of the near East logie von Neurergus crocatus und Neurergus strauchii fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic barani .- Salamandra, Bonn; 31 (1): 15-32. region.- Biogeographia, Bologna; 20: 31-59. Tok , C. v. & ç içEk , k. (2014): Amphibians and Yildiz , M. z. & G ÖçMEn , B. & A kMAn , B. & reptiles in the Province of çanakkale (Marmara YAlçinkAYA , d. (2007): new localities for Hemi - region, Turkey).- herpetozoa , Wien; 27 (1/2): 65-76. dactylus turcicus (linnAEuS , 1758) in Anatolia, Tok , v. & u GurTAS , i. & S Evinç , M. & B ÖhME , Turkey, with notes on their morphology.- north- W. & C roChET , P.-A. & k ASkA , Y. & k uMluTAş , Y. & Western Journal of zoology, oradea; 3 (1): 24-33. kAYA , u. & A vCi , A. & Ü zÜM , n. & Y EniYurT , C. & Yildiz , M. z. & İ ğCi , n. & A kMAn , B. & AkArSu , f. (2009): Eirenis thospitis . The iuCn red BuluM , E. & G ÖçMEn , B. (2015): van ilinin kurbağa list of Threatened Species 2009: e.T164635A5913777. ve sürüngen biyoçeşitliliği, tehditler ve alınması WWW database available at < http://www.iucnredlist. gereken önlemler; p. 163. in: çiçEk , k. & Y orulMAz , org/details/164635/0 > and < http://dx.doi.org/10. B. & o ğuzkAn , C. & B AYrAkCi , Y. & İ lhAn , M. S. 2305/iuCn.uk.2009.rlTS.T164635A5913777.en >. (Eds .): Abstract Book of the 12. national Ecology and [last accessed: May 25, 2018]. Environment Congress, September 14-17, 2015, ToSunoğlu , M. ( 1999): Türkiye Bufo viridis Muğla, Turkey. (Anura: Bufonidae) populasyonları üzerinde morfolo - Yildiz , M. z. & İ ğCi , n. & P ArMAkSiz , A. & jik, osteolojik ve serolojik araştırmalar.- Turkish GÖçMEn , B. (2013): şanlıurfa’nın herpetofaunası; p. Journal of zoology, Ankara; 23 (3): 849-871. 26. in: çiçEk , E. & k Ar , M. & B irECikliGil , S. ( Eds .): TuniYEv , B. S. & T uniYEv , S. B. & A vCi , A. & Abstract Book of the 1. national zoology Congress, ilGAz , ç. (2014): Герпетологические исследования в August 28-31, 2013, nevşehir, Turkey. восточной и северо-восточной Турции [ herpeto- Yildiz , M. z. & İ ğCi , n. (2015): on the occur - logical studies in eastern and northeastern Turkey].- rence of the Persian lizard, Iranolacerta brandtii (dE Sovremennaya gerpetologiya [Current Studies in filiPPi , 1863) in eastern Anatolia, Turkey.- Biharean herpetology], Saratov; 14 (1/2): 44-53 (in russian). Biologist, oradea; 9 (1): 66-71. viGnA TAGliAnTi , A. & A udiSiA , P. A. & YilMAz , İ. (1977 ): The subspecific status of Biondi , M. & B oloGnA , M. A. & C ArPAnETo , G. M. & Mabuya aurata (Scincidae, lacertilia) in Turkey.- Ege dE BiASE , A. & f ATTorini , S. & P iATTEliA , E. & Üniversitesi fen fakültesi dergisi, Bornova-İzmir; 1 SindACo , r. & v EnChi , A. & z APPoroli , M. (1999): A (2): 111-137.

APPEndiX

names of localities in the Province of Bitlis that were record localities of amphibians or reptiles. The numbers correspond to the numbers in figure 1 and Table 1. Administrative districts in parentheses. namen der Amphibien- und reptilienfundorte in der Provinz Bitlis. die nummern stimmen mit jenen in Abbildung 1 und Tabelle 1 überein. die namen der landkreise stehen in klammern. 1 - Akçıra (Adilcevaz), 2 - Akçıra (Adilcevaz), 3 - Aydınlar (Adilcevaz), 4 - karşıyaka (Adilcevaz), 5 - Süphan (Adilcevaz), 6 - Yolçatı (Adilcevaz), 7 - Aygır (Adilcevaz), 8 - Aygır (Adilcevaz), 9 - Aygır (Adilcevaz), 10 - danacı (Adilcevaz), 11 - harmantepe (Adilcevaz), 12 - Batmış lake (Adilcevaz), 13 - dizdar (Adilcevaz), 14 - develik (Ahlat), 15 - develik (Ahlat), 16 - Yoğurtyemez (Ahlat), 17 - kırkdönüm (Ahlat), 18 - Gölgören (Ahlat), 19 - kırıkkaya (Ahlat), 20 - Gölgören (Ahlat), 21 - dilburnu (Ahlat), 22 - Alakır (Ahlat), 23 - kırkdönüm (Ahlat), 24 - Cemalettin (Ahlat), 25 - Cemalettin (Ahlat), 26 - Ahlat (Bitlis), 27 - Ahlat (Bitlis), 28 - Yeniköprü (Ahlat), 29 - Saka (Ahlat), 30 - Saka (Ahlat), 31 - Serinbayır (Ahlat), 32 - nemrut (Ahlat), 33 - nemrut (Ahlat), 34 - nemrut caldere (Ahlat), 35 - nemrut caldere (Ahlat), 36 - nemrut caldere (Tatvan), 37 - nemrut caldere (Tatvan), 38 - Budaklı (Güroymak), 39 - Budaklı (Güroymak), 40 - Budaklı (Güroymak), 41 - değirmenköy (Güroymak) 42 - Günkırı (Güroymak), 43 - Akçaağaç (Mutki), 44 - Beşevler (Mutki), 45 - çitliyol (Mutki), 46 - Yenidoğan (Mutki), 47 - Arpalıseki (Mutki), 48-çığır (Mutki), 49 - Gümüşkanat (Mutki), 50 - Salman (Mutki), 51 - Salman (Mutki), 52 - Salman (Mutki), 53 - Üstyayla (Mutki), 54 - Üstyayla (Mutki), 55 - Mutki (Bitlis), 56 - konuksayar (Bitlis), 57 - about 1,7 km from Bitlis city cen - ter to Mutki way (Bitlis), 58 - 8 Ağustos Mahallesi (Bitlis), 59 - kireçtaşı (Bitlis), Akman_etal_Bitlis_Herpetofauna_TR:HERPETOZOA.qxd 02.09.2018 10:55 Seite 14

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60 - deliktaş (Bitlis), 61 - deliktaş (Bitlis), 62-Tanrıyar (Bitlis), 63 - Alaniçi (Bitlis), 64 - Yarönü (Bitlis), 65 - çeltikli (Bitlis), 66 - çeltikli (Bitlis), 67 - İçgeçit (Bitlis), 68 - İç - geçit (Bitlis), 69 - İçgeçit (Bitlis), 70 - Yolcular (Bitlis), 71 - Yolalan (Bitlis), 72 - Yolalan (Bitlis), 73 - çökekyazı (hizan), 74 - çökekyazı (hizan), 75 - Süttaşı (hizan), 76 - karaağaç (hizan), 77 - Yaylacık (hizan), 78 - Yolbilen (hizan), 79 - doğancı (hizan), 80 - doğancı (hizan), 81 - Gönüllü (hizan), 82 - Sağırkaya (hizan), 83 - Sağırkaya (hizan), 84 - hacımehmet (hizan), 85 - döküktaş (hizan), 86 - döküktaş (hizan), 87 - ke - pirli (hizan), 88 - kağanlı (Tatvan), 89 - dağdibi (Tatvan), 90 - kaynarca (Tatvan), 91 - köprücük (Tatvan), 92 - Yelkenli (Tatvan), 93 - koyluca (Tatvan), 94 -Tokaçlı (Tatvan), 95 - obuz (Tatvan), 96 - Yoncabaşı (Tatvan), 97 - hanelmalı (Tatvan), 98 - küçüksu Bucağı (Tatvan), 99 - Beşminare (Bitlis), 100 - Benekli (Tatvan), 101 - Benekli (Tatvan), 102 - Tatvan (Bitlis), 103 - kıyıdüzü (Tatvan), 104 - kıyıdüzü (Tatvan).

dATE of SuBMiSSion: november 26, 2017 Corresponding editor: heinz Grillitsch

AuThorS: Bahadır AkMAn 1) , Mehmet zülfü Yildiz (Corresponding author < [email protected] >) 2) Abdullah furkan ÖzCAn 2) , Mehmet Akif BozkurT 2) , naşit İğCi 3, 4) & Bayram GÖçMEn 5) 1) çınar Engineering Consulting Co., Ankara, Turkey. 2) zoology Section, department of Biology, faculty of Arts and Sciences, Adıyaman university, Adıyaman, Turkey. 3) department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, faculty of Arts and Sciences, nevşehir hacı Bektaş veli university, nevşehir, Turkey. 4) Science and Technology research and Application Center, nevşehir hacı Bektaş veli university, nevşehir, Turkey. 5) zoology Section, department of Biology, faculty of Science, Ege university, İzmir, Turkey.