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Les Stratégies De Sortie De Crises Politiques Au Burkina Faso Aboubacar Sawadogo

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Les Stratégies De Sortie De Crises Politiques Au Burkina Faso Aboubacar Sawadogo Les stratégies de sortie de crises politiques au Burkina Faso Aboubacar Sawadogo To cite this version: Aboubacar Sawadogo. Les stratégies de sortie de crises politiques au Burkina Faso. Science politique. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2018. Français. NNT : 2018SACLV059. tel-02064752 HAL Id: tel-02064752 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02064752 Submitted on 12 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LES STRATÉGIES DE SORTIE DE CRISES POLITIQUES AU BURKINA FASO Thèse de doctorat de l'Université Paris-Saclay préparée à l’Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines (UVSQ) École doctorale n°578 : Sciences de l'homme et de la société (ED SHS) : 2018SACLV059 Spécialité de doctorat : sciences politiques NNT Thèse présentée et soutenue à Guyancourt, le 19 novembre 2018 par M. Aboubacar Sawadogo Composition du jury : M. Thomas Lindemann Président Professeur, UVSQ (FDSP) Mme Nadine Machikou Ngaméni Rapporteur Professeure, Université de Yaoundé II (FSJP) M. Vincent Bonnecase, Rapporteur Chargé de recherche, CNRS (LAM Bordeaux) M. Yves Poirmeur Directeur de thèse Professeur, UVSQ (VIP) M. Augustin Marie-Gervais Loada, Co-Directeur de thèse Professeur, Université Ouaga 2 (UO2-UFR/SJP) Les stratégies de sortie de crises politiques au Burkina Faso Titre : Les stratégies de sortie de crises politiques au Burkina Faso Mots clés : crises politiques-transition-Constitution-justice transitionnelle Résumé : La dynamique des crises Ces stratégies de sortie de crises politiques se politiques au Burkina Faso a été empreinte sont jouées autour d’enjeux liés à : la de mobilisations multisectorielles ayant conservation du pouvoir politique, la entraîné une désectorisation conjoncturelle préservation de la paix sociale, le de l'espace social avec pour corollaire une redressement économique et financier de mobilité des enjeux des confrontations et des l’État, le rétablissement de l’ordre public, la transactions collusives d’opposition et de quête de la vérité et de la justice, l’obtention gouvernement. Ces mobilisations se sont du pardon et de la réconciliation nationale. faites autour d’enjeux relatifs notamment : à Elles ont donné lieu à une diversité la conquête du pouvoir d’État, au contrôle de d’initiatives avec pour corollaire une variété l’appareil d’État, à l’amélioration des des moyens, coercitifs et pacifiques, utilisés conditions de vie des travailleurs, à la pour sortir des situations de crise. En outre, propriété foncière, à l’intangibilité des règles les initiatives de sortie de crises politiques constitutionnelles relatives à l’exercice du ont débouché sur des dynamiques de pouvoir d’État, à l’alternance au sommet de transitions constitutionnelles et de justice l’État, à la participation de certains acteurs à transitionnelle. Si elles ont constitué des la compétition politique, à la prise de processus distincts, elles n’en ont pas moins mesures d’atténuation de la cherté de la vie, eu des finalités communes : la garantie des à la quête de la vérité et de la justice. droits et la reconstruction de l’État de droit. Au final, les mobilisations multisectorielles Ces finalités communes peuvent coïncider ont été à l’origine de changements politiques de sorte que la dynamique de justice qui, selon la conjoncture, ont été soit transitionnelle intègre le texte pacifiques, soit violents. constitutionnel consacrant ainsi sa Quelles que soient leurs caractéristiques, les constitutionnalisation. Finalement, ces différentes crises politiques ont contraint les dynamiques transitionnelles ont constitué protagonistes, mais aussi des tierces des fenêtres d’opportunités pour procéder à personnes à ces crises, à y trouver des des réformes constitutionnelles et de solutions par le recours à diverses stratégies. politiques publiques. 2 Les stratégies de sortie de crises politiques au Burkina Faso Title: Strategies for ending the political crises in Burkina Faso Keywords : political crises-transition-Constitution-transitional justice Abstract: The dynamics of the political These strategies out of political crises were crises in Burkina Faso have been marked by played around issues related to: the multisectoral mobilizations having led to a preservation of political power, the cyclical desectorization of the social space, preservation of social peace, the economic with the consequence of a mobility of the and financial recovery of the state, the stakes of confrontations and collusive restoration of public order, the quest truth opposition and government transactions. and justice, obtaining forgiveness and These mobilizations were made around national reconciliation. relative issues including: the conquest of They have given rise to a variety of state power, the control of the state initiatives, resulting in a variety of means, apparatus; to the improvement of the living coercive and peaceful, used to emerge from conditions of the workers; land ownership; crisis situations. In addition, the initiatives the inviolability of constitutional rules to end political crises have resulted in relating to the exercise of State power; constitutional transitions and transitional alternation at the top of the state; the justice. Although they constituted distinct participation of certain actors in the political processes, they nevertheless had common competition; taking measures to mitigate the goals: the guarantee of rights and the high cost of living and the quest for truth and reconstruction of the rule of law. These justice. common goals can coincide so that the In the end, the multisectoral mobilizations dynamics of transitional justice integrate the have been at the origin of political changes constitutional text thus consecrating its which, according to the conjuncture, were constitutionalisation. Finally, these either peaceful or violent. transitional dynamics constituted windows The different political strategies have forced of opportunity to carry out constitutional the protagonists, but also third parties to and public policy reforms. these crises, to find solutions by the use of various strategies. 3 Les stratégies de sortie de crises politiques au Burkina Faso DÉDICACE À mon épouse Zalissa, pour la patience et la compréhension dont elle a su faire preuve durant ces années recherches ; À mes fils : Abdoul Nassir, Rayan et Ayman, pour les changements et les moments de bonheur qu’ils ont apporté dans la famille ; À mon père et À ma mère, pour toutes les bénédictions faites ; À mes sœurs et frères. 4 Les stratégies de sortie de crises politiques au Burkina Faso REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens à adresser mes sincères remerciements à mon directeur de thèse, le Professeur des universités Yves POIRMEUR, pour qui, au départ de cette aventure scientifique, je n’étais qu’un inconnu. Ces années de recherches sous sa direction m’ont permis d’apprécier non seulement son envergure scientifique, mais aussi ses qualités humaines. Je lui exprime ici ma plus profonde gratitude. Mes remerciements et ma gratitude sont aussi adressés au Professeur titulaire de droit public et science politique Augustin Marie-Gervais LOADA, à qui je dois mon initiation à la recherche sceintifique et qui m’a accompagné aux différents niveaux de mon parcours scientifique depuis la maîtrise en droit public jusqu’au doctorat en passant par le DEA. Je lui exprime ma profonde reconnaissance tout en espérant pouvoir lui apporter encore des motifs de satisfaction. Je n’oublie pas de remercier le Professeur titulaire de droit public Séni Mahamadou OUÉDRAOGO, sans les encouragements de qui cette entreprise aurait été abandonnée dans les moments difficiles. Merci aussi aux docteurs Seglaro Abel SOMÉ, Secrétaire Général du Ministère de l’Économie, des Finances et du Développement (MINEFID) et Thomas OUÉDRAOGO, Directeur exécutif du Centre pour la Gouvernance démocratique (CGD), pour toutes les facilités accordées. Mes remerciements vont également à l’endroit de mon oncle, Boukary SAWADOGO, pour toute l’estime, la confiance et les soutiens multiformes dont il a toujours fait preuve à mon égard. J’exprime aussi ma gratitude à l’endroit des membres de l’Association Burkinabè de Science Politique (ABSP), particulèrement aux docteurs Kassem Salam SOURWÉMA et Salifou SANGARÉ, pour avoir su entretenir en moi la flamme de la recherche en dépit de mes occupations administratives. Je remercie enfin toutes les personnes qui, par leurs contributions diverses, ont permis la réalisation de ce travail. 5 Les stratégies de sortie de crises politiques au Burkina Faso SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE .............................................................................................. 15 Première partie: La dynamique des crises politiques de la Haute-Volta au Burkina Faso ...... 70 Titre I : Les crises sociopolitiques ............................................................................................ 73 Chapitre I: Les crises générées par l’action publique ........................................................... 74 Chapitre II : Les crises générées par les mouvements sociaux ..........................................
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