Blaise Compaoré
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Lessons from Burkina Faso's Thomas Sankara By
Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance in Contemporary Africa: Lessons from Burkina Faso’s Thomas Sankara By: Moorosi Leshoele (45775389) Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy At the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: Prof Vusi Gumede (September 2019) DECLARATION (Signed) i | P a g e DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to Thomas Noel Isadore Sankara himself, one of the most underrated leaders in Africa and the world at large, who undoubtedly stands shoulder to shoulder with ANY leader in the world, and tall amongst all of the highly revered and celebrated revolutionaries in modern history. I also dedicate this to Mariam Sankara, Thomas Sankara’s wife, for not giving up on the long and hard fight of ensuring that justice is served for Sankara’s death, and that those who were responsible, directly or indirectly, are brought to book. I also would like to tremendously thank and dedicate this thesis to Blandine Sankara and Valintin Sankara for affording me the time to talk to them at Sankara’s modest house in Ouagadougou, and for sharing those heart-warming and painful memories of Sankara with me. For that, I say, Merci boucop. Lastly, I dedicate this to my late father, ntate Pule Leshoele and my mother, Mme Malimpho Leshoele, for their enduring sacrifices for us, their children. ii | P a g e AKNOWLEDGEMENTS To begin with, my sincere gratitude goes to my Supervisor, Professor Vusi Gumede, for cunningly nudging me to enrol for doctoral studies at the time when the thought was not even in my radar. -
Burkina Faso : Avec Ou Sans Compaoré, Le Temps Des Incertitudes
Burkina Faso : avec ou sans Compaoré, le temps des incertitudes Rapport Afrique N°205 | 22 juillet 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table des matières Synthèse .................................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Une longue instabilité ...................................................................................................... 3 III. Révolution et contre-révolution ....................................................................................... 6 A. La révolution sankariste ............................................................................................ 6 B. La rectification et la normalisation ............................................................................ 9 IV. Un régime semi-autoritaire .............................................................................................. 13 A. L’armée, le parti et les grands électeurs .................................................................... 13 1. Un régime politico-militaire ................................................................................. 13 2. Un parti (quasi) unique ........................................................................................ 15 3. Le poids des « bonnets -
Evaluation of Public Financial Management Reform in Burkina Faso 2001–2010 Final Country Case Study Report
Evaluation of Public Financial Management Reform Evaluation Public of Financial Management Reform 2012:10 Joint Evaluation in Burkina Faso, 2001–2010 Final Country Case Study Report Andrew Lawson Where and why do Public Financial Management (PFM) reforms succeed? Where and how does donor support to Mailan Chiche PFM reform contribute most effectively to results? To answer these questions, an evaluation of PFM reforms has Idrissa Ouedraogo been carried out, primarily based on country studies of Burkina Faso, Ghana and Malawi. An international quantitative study and a literature review were also undertaken. This report presents the findings of the study in Burkina Faso The findings from the three country studies are summarised in a separate synthesis report, concluding that results tend to be good when there is a strong commitment at both political and technical levels, when reform designs and implementation models are well tailored to the context and when strong, government-led coordina- Evaluation of Public tion arrangements are in place to monitor and guide reforms. Donor funding for PFM reform has been effective in those countries where the context and mechanisms were right for success, and where external funding was focused on the Government’s own reform programme. The Financial Management Reform willingness of some Governments to fund PFM reforms directly shows that external funding may not be the deciding factor, however. Donor pressure to develop comprehensive PFM reform plans has been a positive influence in countries receiving Budget Support, but attempts to overtly influence either the pace or the content of in Burkina Faso, 2001–2010 PFM reforms were found to be ineffective and often counter-productive. -
African Coups
Annex 2b. Coups d’Etat in Africa, 1946-2004: Successful (1), Attempted (2), Plotted (3), and Alleged (4) Country Month Day Year Success Leaders Deaths Angola 10 27 1974 2 Antonio Navarro (inter alia) 0 Angola 5 27 1977 2 Cdr. Nito Alves, Jose van Dunen 200 Benin 10 28 1963 1 Gen. Christophe Soglo 999 Benin 11 29 1965 1 Congacou 0 Benin 12 17 1967 1 Alley 998 Benin 12 13 1969 1 de Souza 998 Benin 10 26 1972 1 Maj. Mathieu Kerekou 0 Benin 10 18 1975 2 Urbain Nicoue 0 Benin 1 16 1977 2 unspecified 8 Benin 3 26 1988 2 Capt. Hountoundji 0 Benin 5 1992 2 Pascal Tawes 0 Benin 11 15 1995 2 Col. Dankoro, Mr. Chidiac 1 Burkina Faso 1 3 1966 1 Lt. Col. Sangoule Lamizana 0 Burkina Faso 11 25 1980 1 Col. Saye Zerbo 0 Burkina Faso 11 7 1982 1 Maj. Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo 20 Burkina Faso 8 4 1983 1 Capt. Thomas Sankara 13 Burkina Faso 10 15 1987 1 Capt. Blaise Campaore 100 Burkina Faso 10 20 2003 4 Norbert Tiendrebeogo, Capt. Wally Diapagri 0 Burundi 10 18 1965 2 unspecified 500 Burundi 11 29 1966 1 Capt. Micombero 999 Burundi 5 1972 4 unspecified 100000 Burundi 11 1 1976 1 Lt. Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza 0 Burundi 9 3 1987 1 Maj. Pierre Buyoya 0 Burundi 3 4 1992 2 Bagaza? 0 Burundi 7 3 1993 2 officers loyal to Buyoya 0 Burundi 10 21 1993 2 Gen. Bikomagu, Francois Ngeze 150000 Burundi 4 25 1994 2 Tutsi paratroopers 999 Burundi 7 25 1996 1 army 6000 Burundi 4 18 2001 2 Lt. -
Rawlings, Sankara, Ghaddafi, and Nasser: Soldiers As Intellectuals, Nationalists, Pan-Africanists, and Statesmen
H-Announce Rawlings, Sankara, Ghaddafi, and Nasser: Soldiers as Intellectuals, Nationalists, Pan-Africanists, and Statesmen Announcement published by Sabella Abidde on Monday, March 29, 2021 Type: Call for Papers Date: May 30, 2021 Location: Alabama, United States Subject Fields: African History / Studies, Area Studies, Black History / Studies, Middle East History / Studies, Political Science Rawlings, Sankara, Ghaddafi, and Nasser Soldiers as Intellectuals, Nationalists, Pan-Africanists, and Statesmen Editors: Sabella Abidde, Ph.D. and Felix Kumah-Abiwu, Ph.D. In the annals of modern African political history, four soldiers and coup plotters -- Jerry Rawlings (Ghana), Moammar Gaddafi (Libya), Thomas Sankara (Burkina Faso), and Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt) -- were rarities. They were at once intellectuals, nationalists, pan-Africanists, and statesmen. Their exceptionality is the reason for this edited volume. For more than four decades, beginning in the early 1950s through the tail-end of the twentieth century, Africa was the bastion of military coups bested perhaps only by Latin America. These sudden and extralegal overthrows of governments were so routine that many came to view coupists as unprofessional and unpatriotic members of the military that were ill-equipped to govern modern states and their various institutions. Nonetheless, there were exceptions to the typical: soldiers who transformed their immediate communities and, by extension, the continent. While the military’s role in politics is still a subject of intense debate in the scholarly/public domain, it is indisputable that some of Africa’s former military leaders went on to become icons and respected leaders of their time. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to examine why and how Rawlings, Gaddafi, Sankara, and Nasser became rarities in African and world politics. -
Latest Revelations on the Assassination of Thomas Sankara
Latest revelations on the assassination of Thomas Sankara from The Italian documentary -‘African Shadows’ SILVESTRO: Were you there? Of Course I was in Burkina Faso, I was part of the operation. SILVESTRO: And were you present when Sankara was assassinated? MOMO: Of course, I was in the room when he was assassinated.SILVESTRO: What do you remember of that moment? MOMO (laughs). SILVESTRO: Sankara was waiting to meet Blaise Compaoré? NARRATOR: As General Momo states, Taylor was at this point working for the CIA, spying on Gaddafi and infiltrating African liberation movements that were training in Libya. PRINCE: There was an international plot to get rid of this man, and if I tell you how this happened, are you aware the secret services could kill you? SILVESTRO: An international plot. Because the truth would harm the current president Blaise Compaoré. In 1987 when Sankara was murdered, Compaoré was considered his best friend. Immediately after Sankara’s death, Compaoré said 'I was ill' 2009-09-03, Issue 446 http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/58463 Astounding allegations have come forth about the 1987 assassination of the former president of Burkina Faso, Thomas Sankara, through a documentary aired on Italy’s public channel RAI3. The documentary, entitled ‘African Shadows’ and by Silvestro Montanaro, details the alleged links of the American and French secret services to Sankara’s assassins and the involvement of the current President of Burkina Faso Blaise Compaoré. This week’s Pambazuka News brings you the striking three-part transcript of the recent documentary, featuring the testimonies of well-known Liberian figures. -
Regime Change in North Africa and Implications
Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 4 No. 1 2013 Regime Change in North Africa: Possible Implications for 21st Century Governance in Africa Frank K. Matanga [email protected] Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya. Mumo Nzau [email protected] Catholic University of Eastern Africa (CUEA), Kenya. Abstract For most of 2011, several North African countries experienced sweeping changes in their political structures. During this period, North Africa drew world attention to itself in a profound way. Popular uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt forced long serving and clout wielding Presidents out of power. Most interestingly, these mass protests seemed to have a domino-effect not only in North Africa but also throughout the Middle East; thereby earning themselves the famous tag- “Arab Spring”. These events in North Africa have since become the subject of debate and investigation in academic, social media and political and/or political circles. At the centre of these debates is the question of “Implications of the Arab Spring on Governance in Africa in the 21st Century”. This Article raises pertinent questions. It revisits the social and economic causes of these regime changes in North Africa; the role of ICT and its social media networks and; the future of repressive regimes on the continent. Central to this discussion is the question: are these regime changes cosmetic? Is this wind of change transforming Africa in form but not necessarily in content? In this light the following discussion makes a critical analysis of the implications of these changes on 21st century governance in Africa. -
Facts and Figures
44 FACTS AND FIGURES Area: 274,000 sq km (slightly bigger than the United Kingdom) Population: 8.8 million (1989 estimate) Population growth rate: 2.7 per cent per annum Main ethnic groups: Mdssi, Peul, Lobi, Mande, Bobo, Gourounsi, Gourrhantche, Senoufou Life expectancy: 48 years Climate: Three climatic zones: the Sahelian (north), maximum annual rainfall 300 mm; Sudano- Sahelian (central), max. rainfall 300-600 mm; Sudano-Guinean (south/south west), rainfall 600- Preparing the evening meal In Titao 1200 mm. village: the leaves of the baobab tree will go in the sauce which flavours the Religion: Traditional animist 60 per cent, Moslem 30 per to. cent, Christian 10 per cent (all approximate) (Jeremy Hartley/Oxfam) Languages: Official language: French. Main national languages: Moore, Dioula, Fulfulde Capital: Ouagadougou (pop. 500,000). Other towns: Bobo Dioulasso (250,000), Koudougou (54,000), Ouahigouya (40,000) Currency: Franc CFA =100 centimes (under a fixed exchange rate, 50 FCFA = 1 French franc) National budget: FCFA 100 billion (£200 million) (1988 est.) 0 Average income: £135 p.a. per capita Exports: Gold, raw cotton, livestock, shea nuts, hides and skins, sesame seeds Foreign debt: £480 million (at 1 January 1988). Debt service as a percentage of export earnings, 1987: 12.7 per cent (due), 7.8 per cent (paid) (Jeremy Hartley/Oxfam) (Mark Edwards/Oxfam) 45 DATES AND EVENTS 1100-1400 An early branch of the Mossi people arises north of the River Niger and captures Timbuktu (1337) and other lands, before being finally defeated by Moslem forces of the Songhai empire. Late 1400s Naaba Oubri founds the Kingdom of Ouagadougou, marking the beginning of the Mossi empire. -
Burkina Faso: Echoes of a Revolution Past
5/5/2017 Africa at LSE – Burkina Faso: Echoes of a Revolution Past Burkina Faso: Echoes of a Revolution Past Ernest Harsch discusses the enduring appeal and influence of the revered revolutionary leader, Thomas Sankara. There is probably no time when people are more aware of history than when they are in the midst of making it. In Burkina Faso, President Blaise Compaoré had scarcely fled from huge crowds of angry demonstrators when protesters and commentators alike began drawing parallels with other momentous uprisings. The revolutionary spirit of the former Burkina Faso leader Thomas Sankara is still a source of inspiration to some, 27 years after his assassination Some recalled the Arab Spring revolts three years earlier, and wondered if this was the start of a subSaharan “Black Spring”. For others, the sacking and burning of the National Assembly on 30 October 2014 was reminiscent of the storming of the Bastille—an event featured in the former French colony’s school textbooks. Yet others saw similarities with January 3, 1966, when a popular outpouring ousted the first president of Upper Volta, as Burkina Faso was then known. The most common reference, however, has been to the revolutionary period led by Thomas Sankara, who was president from August 1983 until his assassination in Compaoré’s October 1987 military coup.[1] Some of today’s older protest figures had been colleagues of Sankara. Yet the big majority of insurgent youths who mobilised to bring down Compaoré are far too young to have had any direct experience with that charismatic leader. Despite the passage of time, the ideas promoted by Sankara remain attractive to disgruntled youth. -
Burkina Faso
www.cear.es OFICINAS CENTRALES General Perón 32, 2º drcha 28020 MADRID Tel: 91.598.0535 Fax: 91.597.2361 DELEGACIONES Cataluña Valencia Euskadi Canarias Madrid Andalucía BURKINA FASO Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado Lucia Alba Reyes Gabriel Lara Madrid, 9 de mayo de 2014 www.cear.es Servicios Centrales: Avda. de General Perón 32, 2˚ derecha 28020 Madrid 1 INDICE Parte 1: INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL AL PAÍS……...……………………………………4 1.1 Geografía y Clima...……………………………………………………………5 1.2 Demografía y Población…………………………………...…………………..5 1.3 Economía……………………………………………………………………….7 1.4 Educación………………………………………………………………………9 1.5 Organización Política…………………………...………………………………………...….10 1.5.1 Gobierno…………………...……………………………………………10 1.5.1.1 Poder Ejecutivo…………...……………………………...…………….10 1.5.1.2 Poder Legislativo……………………………………………………….10 1.5.1.3 Poder Judicial…………………………………………………….……10 1.5.2 Partidos Políticos…………..…………………………………………….12 1.5.3 Grupos de presión……….……………………………………………….12 1.6 Historia y evolución Política……………………...………………………….12 1.6.1 Régimen militar (80´s)………………..………………………………….13 1.6.2 La Cuarta República...……...…………………………………………...14 1.7 Historia reciente……………...……………………………………………….15 1.7.1 Elecciones presidenciales: Blaise Compaoré y el CDP………….……..15 1.7.2 Situación actual………..…………………………………………………17 1.8 Instrumentos Internacionales y Constitución..…...………………...………17 1.8.1 Instrumentos Internacionales de Derechos Humanos...…..……...…....17 1.8.2 Constitución…………………………………………………..………….18 Parte 2: LA SITUACIÓN DE LOS DDHH EN BURKINA FASO…..……….……………...20 -
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso 2016 Country Review http://www.countrywatch.com Table of Contents Chapter 1 1 Country Overview 1 Country Overview 2 Key Data 3 Burkina Faso 4 Africa 5 Chapter 2 7 Political Overview 7 History 8 Political Conditions 9 Political Risk Index 38 Political Stability 52 Freedom Rankings 68 Human Rights 80 Government Functions 82 Government Structure 84 Principal Government Officials 95 Leader Biography 105 Leader Biography 105 Foreign Relations 117 National Security 120 Defense Forces 123 Chapter 3 125 Economic Overview 125 Economic Overview 126 Nominal GDP and Components 128 Population and GDP Per Capita 130 Real GDP and Inflation 131 Government Spending and Taxation 132 Money Supply, Interest Rates and Unemployment 133 Foreign Trade and the Exchange Rate 134 Data in US Dollars 135 Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units 136 Energy Consumption and Production QUADS 138 World Energy Price Summary 139 CO2 Emissions 140 Agriculture Consumption and Production 141 World Agriculture Pricing Summary 143 Metals Consumption and Production 144 World Metals Pricing Summary 146 Economic Performance Index 147 Chapter 4 159 Investment Overview 159 Foreign Investment Climate 160 Foreign Investment Index 162 Corruption Perceptions Index 175 Competitiveness Ranking 187 Taxation 196 Stock Market 196 Partner Links 197 Chapter 5 198 Social Overview 198 People 199 Human Development Index 203 Life Satisfaction Index 206 Happy Planet Index 218 Status of Women 227 Global Gender Gap Index 229 Culture and Arts 239 Etiquette 240 Travel Information -
INSTITUTIONAL RESILIENCE and INFORMALITY the Case of Land Rights Mechanisms in Greater Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
INSTITUTIONAL RESILIENCE AND INFORMALITY The Case of Land Rights Mechanisms in Greater Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Julie Touber Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2016 © 2016 Julie Touber All rights reserved ABSTRACT INSTITUTIONAL RESILIENCE AND INFORMALITY The Case of Land Rights Mechanisms in Greater Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Julie Touber Land informality, or the absence of clear property rights, has been identified as a strong cause for lower economic development performance. In Africa, despite the presence of a formal institutional setting of property rights and established laws, the practice of land rights has favored a persistent informal institutional regime. This dissertation addresses the reasons for the persistence of land informality in the presence of formal laws in the case of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. Using process tracing, I dissect the processes of land conflict resolutions within the formal and informal institutions in order to pinpoint reasons for such prolong informality. I identify a very coherent and organized institutional set within the customary institutions, and the ambiguous relationship these institutions have with formal institutions. The inability of the formal institutions to resolve the informality issue is not the result of incompetence; it is the result of survival mechanisms from both the informal and formal institutions. Informality is the effect of the layered institutional setting and persists because of the resilience of survival mechanisms. TABLE OF CONTENT List of Figures iv List of Tables v Introduction 2 PART 1: FRAMING THE THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CONTEXT 8 Chapter 1: The Reading Frames Debunking Concepts of Tradition and Modernity in the African Context 9 1.1.