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Sten Hagberg Uppsala Papers in Africa Studies 3 Editor: Sten Hagberg ‘Nothing will be as before!’ Anthropological perspectives on political practice and democratic culture in ‘a new Burkina Faso’ Sten Hagberg, Ludovic Kibora, Sidi Barry, Siaka Gnessi and Adjara Konkobo Translated by Elise Trogrlic Uppsala 2018 Ouagadougou © The authors and Uppsala University 2018 ISBN 978-91-506-2678-0 urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339875 (http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339875) Distribution: Forum for Africa Studies, Dept. of Cultural Anthropology and Ethnology, Uppsala University, Box 631, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden Cover photo: Sten Hagberg Production: Graphic Services, Uppsala University Printed in Sweden by DanagårdLiTHO AB, 2018 Table of contents Acronyms and abbreviations ............................................................................. 7 Preface ......................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 11 Objectives and methodology .............................................................................. 12 Conceptual remarks ............................................................................................. 14 Limitations ............................................................................................................ 16 Organisation of the study ................................................................................... 17 Chapter 2. Two tumultuous years: chronicle of an anthropological study .................................................................................... 19 The country before the popular insurrection .................................................. 19 The popular insurrection and the early days of the transition .................... 22 Narratives of the revolution .............................................................................. 27 The coup d’état and resistance ........................................................................... 32 Narratives of the resistance ................................................................................ 33 The elections and the return to constitutional order .................................... 34 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 37 Chapter 3. Social categories and the crisis ................................................ 39 Women and politics ............................................................................................. 39 Youth ...................................................................................................................... 42 Traditional and religious authorities ................................................................. 43 Civil society organisations ................................................................................. 44 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 46 Chapter 4. ‘Elections at all cost’: the role of the international community in Burkinabe politics ............................................................ 47 Peaceful elections and democratic consolidation ........................................... 47 Ethnic and religious voting ................................................................................ 51 The international community ............................................................................ 53 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 55 Chapter 5. The institutions of a weakened state .................................... 57 Security and democracy ...................................................................................... 57 Justice ..................................................................................................................... 61 Municipal management ....................................................................................... 63 Economic challenges ........................................................................................... 65 Bad governance: corruption, embezzlement and nepotism .......................... 67 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 68 Chapter 6. Popular struggles and political governance ...................... 69 Popular struggles between exceptional and republican regimes .................. 69 Local roots of party politics and the stakes of development ........................ 73 Democratic culture and consolidating democratic gains .............................. 75 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 77 Chapter 7. Further lines of research ............................................................ 79 Army and politics ................................................................................................. 79 Impunity, reparation and reconciliation .......................................................... 80 Women, power and decision-making ................................................................ 81 Religious movements and actors in politics ..................................................... 81 Civil society organisations, labour unions and political parties in a new landscape ............................................................................................... 82 Social mobilisation and the power of the street ............................................. 83 Chapter 8. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 85 References ............................................................................................................... 89 Acronyms and abbreviations ADF/RDA: Alliance pour la Démocratie et la Fédération/Rassemblement Démocratique Africain AEVF: Association des Etudiants Voltaïques en France ANEB: Association Nationale des Etudiants Burkinabè APDC: Association pour la Promotion de la Démocratie et de la participation Citoyenne CDEC: Collectif Devenons Citoyens CAR: Collectif Anti Référendum, devenu Citoyens Africains pour la Renaissance CCRP: Conseil Consultatif sur les Réformes Politiques CCVC: Coalition Contre la Vie Chère, devenue Coalition nationale de lutte Contre la Vie Chère, la corruption, la fraude, l’impunité et pour les libertés CDP: Congrès pour la Démocratie et le Progrès CDR: Comité de Défense de la Révolution CENI: Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante CGCT: Code Général des Collectivités Territoriales CGD: Centre pour la Gouvernance Démocratique CGT-B: Confédération Générale du Travail du Burkina CMRPN: Comité Militaire de Redressement pour le Progrès National CNR: Conseil National de la Révolution. CNRST: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique CNT: Conseil National de la Transition CNTB: Confédération Nationale des Travailleurs du Burkina CODEL: Convention des Organisations de la Société Civile pour l’Observation Domestique des Elections CODER: Coalition pour la Démocratie et la Réconciliation Nationale COFEDEC: Coalition des Femmes pour la Défense de la Constitution CODMPP: Collectif des Organisations Démocratiques de Masse et des Partis Politiques CRS: Compagnie Républicaine de Sécurité CSB: Confédération Syndicale Burkinabè CSV: Confédération Syndicale Voltaïque ECOWAS: Economic Community of West African States FEDA P/BC: Fédération Associative pour la Paix et le progrès avec Blaise Compaoré FO/UNSL: Force Ouvrière/Union Nationale des Syndicats Libres FOCAL: Forum des Citoyens pour l’Alternance FRC: Front de Résistance Citoyenne F-SYNTER: Fédération des Syndicats des Travailleurs de l’Education et de la Recherche HCRUN: Haut Conseil pour la Réconciliation et l’Unité Nationale 7 LIDEJEL: Ligue pour la Défense de la Liberté et de la Justice LIPAD/PAI: Ligue Patriotique Africaine pour le Développement/Parti Africain de l’Indépendance MBDHP: Mouvement Burkinabè des Droits de l’Homme et des Peuples MDA: Mouvement pour la Démocratie en Afrique MNL: Mouvement National de Libération MPP: Mouvement du Peuple pour le Progrès NAFA: Nouvelle Alliance du Faso NTD: Nouveau Temps pour la Démocratie OCI: Organisation de la Coopération Islamique ODJ: Organisation Démocratique de la Jeunesse ODP/MT: Organisation pour la Démocratique Populaire/Mouvement du Travail ODT: Organisation pour la Démocratie et le Travail, ONSL: Organisation Nationale des Syndicats Libres PCRV: Parti Communiste Révolutionnaire Voltaïque PDC: Parti pour le Développement et le Changement PDS/Metba: Parti pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme/Parti des Bâtisseurs PNDES: Plan National du Développement Économique et Social PPRD: Parti Pour le Rassemblement et la Démocratie PTF: Partenaire Technique et Financier RADDHO: Rencontre Africaine pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme RDS: Rassemblement pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme REN-LAC: Réseau National de Lutte Anti-Corruption RSP: Régiment de Sécurité Présidentielle SCADD: Stratégie de Croissance Accélérée et de Développement Durable SNEAHV: Syndicat National des Enseignants Africains de Haute-Volta SONABEL: Société Nationale Burkinabè d’Electricité SUVESS: Syndicat Unique Voltaïque des Enseignants du Secondaire et du Supérieur UAS: Unité d’Action Syndicale UBN: Union pour un Burkina Nouveau UÉMOA: Union Économique
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