SWRO Plants in the World
OUTERMOST SMALL INDONESIAN ISLANDS WATER MANAGEMENT IN MAINTAINING SOVEREIGNTY AND PUBLIC WELFARE
BY:
PROF IR WAHYONO HADI MSC PHD
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF CIVIL ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEO ENGINEERING SEPULUH NOPEMBER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY [ITS] Sentut, Tokong Malang Biru, Damar, Mangkai, Sebatik, Gosong Makasar, Maratua, Tokong Nanas, Tokong Belayar, Tokong Boro, Semiun, Lingian, Salando, Dolangan, Bangkit, Rondo, Berhala, Salaut Besar, Salaut Kecil, PPPPrrrriioii ooorrrriittiittaaaassss NNNNSebetul,aaaassssioo Sekatung,oonnnnaaaa l/PSenua,PPPro oSubioogg Kecil,ggrrarr aaam Kepala,mm Iyum Kecil,AAA Akkkkssssi i ii Manterawu, Makalehi, Kawalusu, Rusa, Raya, Simeulucut Karimun Kecil, Nipa, Pelampong, Batu Berhanti, Kawio, Marore, Batu Bawaikang, RPRPRPRPJJJJMMMMNNNN 2222000011110000-2-- 222000011114444 ((P(( PPPeeeNongsaerrpppprrrree eessss NNNNoooo. . .. 5555//2222000Miangas,01111000 0)Marampit,) )) Intata, Kakarutan
Berhala 1 Reformasi Birokrasi dan Tata Kelola Liki, Bepondi, Bras, Fanildo, Miossu, Fani, Budd, Jiew 2 Pendidikan
3 Kesehatan
4 Simuk, Wunga Penanggulangan Kemiskinan
5 Ketahanan Pangan Sibarubaru, Sinyaunyau11, Prioritas Nasional KabinetMega Indonesia Bersatu II (dua) 6 Infrastruktur
Enggano 7 Iklim Investasi dan Iklim Usaha
Batu Kecil 8 Energi
Deli 9 Lingkungan Hidup dan Pengelolaan Bencana Manuk, Nusakambangan 10 Masela, Selaru, Batarkusu, DaerahSophialouisa Tertinggal, Terdepan, Terluar, &Asutubun, Pasca Larat,-konflik Batu Goyang, Enu, Karang, Kultubai Selatan, Dana (ada 2), Batek, Alor, Panehan, Sekel, Kultubai Utara, Panambulai, 11 Mangudu, Liran Wetar, Kebudayaan,Barung Kreativitas dan Inovasi TeknologiKaraweira, Ararkula, Laag, Kisar, Leti, Meatimiarang Kolepon
5 lau K ISLANDS MANAGEMENTLAUT CATEGORY
1. OUTERMOST ISLANDS ( SOVEREIGNTY SHIELD)
2. SMALL ISLANDS MANAGED BY COMMUNITY (MARITIME CULTURAL CENTER)
3. SMALL ISLANDS WITH HI ECONOMY (ANAMBAS ISLANDS, SERIBU ISLANDS, RAJA AMPAT ISLAND) 31 POPULATED OUTERMOST SMALL ISLANDS POPULATED OUTERMOST SMALL ISLANDS CONDITION
7. Marampit Island 7. Miangas Island
7. Kisar Island 7. Pelampong Island UNPOPULATED OUTERMOST SMALL ISLAND CONDITION
1 Kepala Island 2 Mangkai Island
3 Nipa Island 4 Nongsa Island OUTERMOST SMALL ISLANDS (OSI)
BATEK ISLAND, NTT (09 15 33 S, 123 59 15 E) 92 POPULATED OSI (PERPRES 78/2005) UNPOPU- LATED
MIN OF MARINE NKRI MONUMENT POL_LAW_SEC IN MIANGAS ISLAND COORDINATION & FISHERIES COO MINISTRY TEAM OSI MGT (CHAIRMAN) VICE CHAIRMAN & DAILY COORDINATOR 19 O B S T A C L E S & P R O B L E M S O U T E RMOST S M A L L I S L A N D S • Detail data & information on Outermost Small Islands (OSI) a s a b a s e f o r d e v e l o p m e n t is not yet available • Limited accessibility of basic infrastructure and trans- portation infrastructure to and from O S I • The lack of integration of programs and activities in OSI, each Ministry/ National Institute is still sectoral • The synergy of OSI Working Team with National Body of Frontier Authority is still not optimal • The role of the private sector and universities has not been fully involved, both through CSR and campus activities in OSI Mngm’t Mandate of Outermost Small Islands
• Law No 27 Year 2007 on Coastal Areas Management and L a w No 1 Year 2014 on the Change of Law No 27 Year 2007 • Presidential Decree No 78 Year 2005 on Outermost Small Islands Management • G o v e r n m e n t R e g No 62 Year 2010 on Utilization of Outermost Small Islands • Gov Dev Plans 2005-2025 related to the Direction of National Development • Min Reg No 20 Year 2008 on Utilization of Small Islands & the Surrounding Water Substances of Law No 1 Year 2014
Article 26 A . Utilization of small islands and utilization of surrounding waters in the context of foreign investment must obtain the Minister's permission . Foreign investment as referred to in paragraph (1) must prioritize national interests. . Permit as referred to in paragraph (1) is given after getting a recommendation from the regent/ mayor. . Permit as referred to in paragraph (1) must meet the following requirement: Investment a. legal entity in the form of a limited liability company; Regulation b. guarantee public access; in Small c. un-populated d. not yet utilized by local community; Islands e. should be coperated with local community; f. exchange stock gradually to local community;
g. transfer technology; and h. pay attention to ecological, social and economic aspecs of the local community . Laaaannnnjuuuutaaaannnn. Focus on Infrastructures
Fish Tourism Infrastruct
Water Sup- Infra- Energy In- ply Infrstr structures frastruct
Supporting Products C O O P E R A T I O N O N C O M M U N I T Y E M P O W E R - M E N T I N S M A L L I S L A N D S W I T H U N I V E R S I T I E S
MOU Agreement between Dit Gen Coastal Small Islands - Marine & Fisheries Ministry and Unhas, ITS, UGM, Undip, UI, Kalpatma Foundation for Development Acceleration in Outer Small Islands SEA WATER DESALINATION
BUT DUE TO HI OPERASIONAL COST, SUSTAINABILITY OF WA- TER SUPPLY IS QUESIONABLE. MORE SOLID SYSTEM OF RO TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT IS REQURED. Table 1. 14 Biggest SWRO plants in the world
No Country Location Capacity Operation Membran manufacturer (MGD) (year)
1 Israel Sorek 624000 2013 Dow/Hydranauties 2 Israel Hadera 456000 2010 Dow 3 Israel Ashkelon 330000 2005 Dow 4 Saudi Arabia Shuqaiq 216000 2008 Toyobo 5 Saudi Arabia Rabigh 205000 2008 Toyobo 6 Algeria Hamma 200000 2008 Toray 7 Algeria Mostaganem 200000 2010 Dow 8 Algeria Souk Tieta 200000 2010 Nitto/Hydranauties 9 Algeria Beni Saf 200000 2008 Nitto/Hydranauties 10 UAE Fujairah 170000 2003 Nitto/Hydranauties 11 Saudi Arabia Shuaiba 150000 2009 Toray 12 Spain Valdelentisco 140000 2007 Dow 13 Trinidad & Tobago Point Lisas 136000 2002 Toray 14 Singapura Tuas 136000 2005 Toray WHY SEA WATER ?
• TDKNO BODY ADA DAERAHCLAIM THE YG PROPERTYKLAIM MEMILIKI • BANYAKABUNDANCE KANDUNGAN OF MINERALS MINERAL [SALT/ NIGARI] • SUMBERUNLIMITED AIR WATER TDK TERBATAS RESOURCES • BANYAK KANDUNGAN MINERAL •DUE TO AUTONOMY, SPRING WTR IS EXPENSIVE
• FUEL CELL GENERATOR (H2 + 1/2O2= H2O + E) • ECOTOURISM: FLOATING POOL o POT INDUSTRIES: NaOH, CHLORINE PROCESS SELECTION
• INTAKE AND SUPPORTING BUILDING • PRE TREATMENT • DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (OPTIONAL) • RAPID SAND FILTER • ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER • CATRIDGE FILTER/ MICRO FILTER • SWRO REJECT WATER (70%) + TREATED WATER (30%) • BWRO REJECT WATER (40%) + TREATED WATER (60%) • RESERVOIR DISTRIBUTION (POTABLE WATER) DESALINATION COST (RP/ M3) PLANT PLANT CAPASITYM3/ DAY
OPEX SWRO & BWRO (100 LPS)
• DUE TO TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, CAPEX/ OPEX OF SWRO/ BWRO TEND TO LOWER • OPEX SWRO RP. 10.000,- PER M3 • OPEX BWRO RP. 5.000,- PER/ M3 • OPEX SWRO AND BWRO RP. 15.000,- PER M3 • INCLUDE ALL EXPENDITURES SUCH AS ELECTRICITY, MANPOWER, CHEMICALS, AND MAINTENANCE CAPEX SWRO & BWRO [100 LPS]
• INTAKE & SUPPORTING BUILDING (5-10%) = RP 16.5 M • PRE TREATMENT (DAF_RSF_ACF_CATRIDGE FILTER) = RP 5 M • SWRO = RP 130 M • BWRO = RP 30 M • TOTAL CAPEX = RP 181.5 M APLICATION EXAMPLE SCALE 100 LPS
553 LPS 166 LPS 100 L/ S PO- SEAWATER SWRO BWRO TABLE WTR 387 LPS RW SWRO
INDUSTRIAL SALT NIGARI 1814 M3/ DAY 66 LPS REJECT 954 TON/ DAY WATER BWRO
Gross profit (salt) = 954.000 x 500 = 477 mil/ day (rp 500/ kg) Gross profit (nigari) = 1814.000 x 500 = 907 mil/ day (rp 10000/20 L) ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (100 LPS)
Income (per year) . Retribution : Rp 3.153.600.000 (HARGA AIR RP. 1000/ M3) . Floating Pools : Rp 780.000.000 (500 org x 2 x 52 x Rp15 rb) . Salt : Rp 174.105.000.000 . Nigari : Rp 331.055.000.000 + Rp 509.093.600.000
Expenditure (per year) • Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) : Rp 200.500.380.000 (TOTAL) SWRO-BWRO : Rp 181.500.000.000 Floating Pools : Rp 10.387.500.000 Evaporation Pond : Rp 8.612.880.000
• Electricity Bill / th : Rp 28.382.400.000 • Chemicals & Manpower / th : Rp 9.460.800.000 • Maintenance Cost / th : Rp 9.460.800.000 + OPEX : Rp 47.304.000.800 (RP 15.000/ M3)
. • WHEN BORROWED FUNDS FROM A BANK: Installments/ year : Rp 101.104.187.000 (for 3 years) • CONCLUSION - Retribution from consumers = 100 x 86400/ 1000 x 30 x 12 x 1000 = 3.153.600.000/ year - Financial ability of the management of SWRO-BWRO = Rp 509.093.600.000/ year - With OPEX/ year = Rp 47.304.000.800 (production cost RP 15.000/ M3) and - When added by Capex Rp 200.500.380.000, it only increase to Rp 247.804.380.800/ year (less than Rp 509.093.600.000/ yr) - Thus, only within 6 month, Capex will be paid off
OTHER SIDE PRODUCTS
• SIDE PRODUCTS FROM ELECTROLYSIS OF REJECT WATER SWRO: • HYDROGEN GAS, • CHLORINE GAS, • SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaOH) • SIDE PRODUCTS FROM ELECTROLYSIS OF REJECT WATER BWRO: • HYDROGEN GAS, • SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (NaOCl)
ELECTROLYSIS OF REJECT WATER SWRO
• CHEMICAL REACTION IN A REACTOR CONTAINS REJECT WATER WITH ELECTRODES (EL POS = ANODE, EL NEG = CATODE).
NaCl (aq) Na+ + Cl- + - H2O H + OH - - • Anode: 2 Cl Cl2 + 2 e (oks) + • Catode 2 H + 2 e- H2 (red) ------+ + - NaCl + H2O H2 + Na +OH +Cl2
Catode [H2] Anode [Cl2]
ELEKTROLISIS REJECT WATER BWRO
• CHEMICAL REACTION IN A REACTOR CONTAINS REJECT WATER WITH ELECTRODES (EL POS = ANODE, EL NEG = CATODE).
NaCl (aq) Na+ + Cl- H O H+ + OH- 2 - - • Anode: 2 Cl Cl2 + 2 e (oks) • Catode 2 H + + 2 e- H (red) In the solution: 2 - - Cl2 + OH HOCl + Cl HOCl + Na+ NaOCl + H+ ------+ NaCl + H2O H2 + NaOCl
Catode Anode
UTILIZATION OF HYDROGEN GAS [H2]
• ELECTRICITY PRODUCED FROM FUEL CELL (1 M3_12 JAM): 5583 W X 1000/0.26 = 21.473.076 W = 21 MW 21.473.076 W X 12 JAM X RP 1500 = RP 139 M/ TH • DIRECT UTILIZATION OF HYDROGEN GAS PRICE : US$ 35/ KG, IN TUBE WITH WORKING PRESSURE 150 BAR [1M3 = 6 L, 1.5 M3 =10 L, 6 M3 = 40 L, 7 M3 = 47 L, 10 M3 = 50 L] MJ H2 = 0.06 KG/M3; 10 M3 = 0.6 KG = 21 $ 260 ML REJECT WATER = 717.5 ML GAS H2 1000 L = 1000/0.26 X 717.5 ML = 2.759 M3/ 12JAM = RP 57 M/YR • UTILIZATION OF TREATED WATER INTO BOTTLED WATER PRICE : 1 LPS X 86400 X 2000 X 365 = RP 63 M/ YR
• UTILIZATION OF CHLORINE GAS [Cl2] PRICE : • UTILIZATION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE [NaOH] PRICE : • PEMANFAATAN SODIUM HIPOKLORIT [NaOCl] PRICE : IDEA OF SEA TOLL FOR IMPORTANT GOODS (FUEL, CEMENT, RICE, FERTILIZER, COOKING OIL)
• THE IDEA OF SEA TOLL IS TO FLATTEN PRICES OF STRATEGIC GOODS IN ALL AREAS IN INDONESIA • AS A CONSEQUENCE, HI CROSS SUBSIDY IN TRANSPORTATION OCCUR ESPECIALY FROM EASTERN PART TO WESTERN PART OF INDONESIA • TO ELIMINATE THE HI CROSS SUBSIDY OF TRANSPORTATION, THERE SHOULD BE COMMODITIES/ PRODUCTS COMING FROM EASTERN PART BACK TO WESTERN PART AS A RESULT OF DEVELOPING WATER DESALINATION FOR SUPPORTING ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN OUTER SMALL ISLANDS I.E. MARINE TOURISM, AQUA CULTURES LIKE SHRIMP, PEARL SHELL CULTIVATION, SEAWEED CULTIVATION, ETC • THE SIDE PRODUCTS MAY BE OF SALT, NIGARI, BOTTLED WATER, PEARL, SEAWEED AND MANY OTHER SIDE PRODUCTS OF DESALIN- ATION & AQUA CULTURES. EXAMPLES OF INVESTMENT IN OUTER SMALL ISLAND
• Investment in Oil storage in Nipa Island • Investment in Marine Tourism • Investment in plantation and agriculture • Investment in other commodity INVESTMENT IN OIL STORAGE NIPA ISLAND, CITY OF BATAM
Area of Island: 50 Hectare, Utilized Area: 30 Hectare Allocation: Oil Storage Investment Value: Rp 5,09 Triliun Investor : Surya Mina Asinusa KSO Status: Under Construction
CONCEPTUAL MASTERPLAN .NIPA THANK YOU