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Download Full Article in PDF Format adansonia 2020 42 8 DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION / PUBLICATION DIRECTOR : Bruno David, Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF : Thierry Deroin RÉDACTEURS / EDITORS : Porter P. Lowry II ; Zachary S. Rogers ASSISTANT DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITOR : Emmanuel Côtez ([email protected]) MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Emmanuel Côtez COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE / SCIENTIFIC BOARD : P. Baas (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Wageningen) F. Blasco (CNRS, Toulouse) M. W. Callmander (Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève) J. A. Doyle (University of California, Davis) P. K. Endress (Institute of Systematic Botany, Zürich) P. Feldmann (Cirad, Montpellier) L. Gautier (Conservatoire et Jardins botaniques de la Ville de Genève) F. Ghahremaninejad (Kharazmi University, Téhéran) K. Iwatsuki (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo) K. Kubitzki (Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg) J.-Y. Lesouef (Conservatoire botanique de Brest) P. Morat (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) J. Munzinger (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier) S. E. Rakotoarisoa (Millenium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo) É. A. Rakotobe (Centre d’Applications des Recherches pharmaceutiques, Antananarivo) P. H. Raven (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis) G. Tohmé (Conseil national de la Recherche scientifique Liban, Beyrouth) J. G. West (Australian National Herbarium, Canberra) J. R. Wood (Oxford) COUVERTURE / COVER : Made from the Figures of the article. Adansonia est indexé dans / Adansonia is indexed in: – Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch®) – ISI Alerting Services® – Current Contents® / Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences® – Scopus® Adansonia est distribué en version électronique par / Adansonia is distributed electronically by: – BioOne® (http://www.bioone.org) Adansonia est une revue en flux continu publiée par les Publications scientifiquesdu Muséum, Paris Adansonia is a fast track journal published by the Museum Science Press, Paris Les Publications scientifiques du Muséum publient aussi / The Museum Science Press also publish: Geodiversitas, Zoosystema, Anthropozoologica, European Journal of Taxonomy, Naturae, Cryptogamie sous-sections Algologie, Bryologie, Mycologie. Diffusion – Publications scientifiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 41 – 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Tél. : 33 (0)1 40 79 48 05 / Fax : 33 (0)1 40 79 38 40 [email protected] / http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2020 ISSN (imprimé / print) : 1280-8571/ ISSN (électronique / electronic) : 1639-4798 Gymnosiphon mayottensis Cheek, sp. nov. (Burmanniaceae) a new species from Mayotte, Comoro Islands Martin CHEEK Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AE (United Kingdom) [email protected] Sébastien TRACLET Conservatoire botanique national de Mascarin, 1 ruelle Chamodeau, RN2, Coconi, F-97670 Ouangani (Mayotte) [email protected] Submitted on 6 June 2019 | accepted on 4 October 2019 | published on 25 May 2020 Cheek M. & Traclet S. 2020. — Gymnosiphon mayottensis Cheek, sp. nov. (Burmanniaceae) a new species from Mayotte, Comoro Islands. Adansonia, sér. 3, 42 (8): 179-188. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2020v42a8. http:// adansonia.com/42/8 ABSTRACT A new species of Gymnosiphon Blume (Burmanniaceae), G. mayottensis Cheek, sp. nov. is formally de- scribed from Mount Bénara and Mount Mtsapéré on the island of Mayotte in the Comores. This is the first named species of the genus published from the Comoro Islands. The new species resembles G. longi- stylus (Benth.) Hutch. in the six long, filamentous, stigma appendages, two arising from each of the three styles, also in the absence of an underground tuber or thickened rhizome; it differs in that the bracts are appressed to the rhachises, and about equal in length to them (not patent, and < 1/4 as long), the outer KEY WORDS tepals turn rapidly from white to translucent at anthesis (not remaining white), the inner perianth lobes Achlorophyllous, mycotrophs, are absent (not present and conspicuous), the stigmas are broader than long, held horizontally and are Africa, united along their lateral margins (not longer than broad, pendulous, free from each other along their Madagascar, lateral margins). The new species is known from two forest sites, both with threats, and less than 50 in- saprophytes, threatened, dividuals are known. Accordingly, it is assessed as Critically Endangered (B1ab(i-iv), B2ab(i-iv), D) using new species. the IUCN 2012 standard. The new species is illustrated by colour photos and line drawings, and mapped. RÉSUMÉ Gymnosiphon mayottensis Cheek, sp. nov. (Burmanniaceae), une nouvelle espèce à Mayotte, archipel des Comores. Une nouvelle espèce de Gymnosiphon Blume (Burmanniaceae), G. mayottensis Cheek, sp. nov. est décrite du Mont Bénara et du Mont Mtsapéré sur l’île de Mayotte, dans l’archipel des Comores. Il s’agit de la première description d’une espèce de ce genre pour l’archipel. Cette nouvelle espèce res- semble à G. longistylus (Benth.) Hutch. avec ses six longs stigmates filamenteux, deux apparaissant sur chacun des trois styles, mais aussi par l’absence d’un tubercule souterrain ou d’un rhizome épais. Cette nouvelle espèce diffère également par : ses bractées appliquées aux rachis et de longueurs à peu près égales (érigées et < 1/4 de la longueur chez G. longistylus), ses tépales externes passant rapidement de blanc à translucide à l’anthèse (alors qu’ils restent blancs chez G. longistylus), l’absence de lobes internes sur le périanthe (présents et visibles chez G. longistylus) et par ses stigmates plus larges que MOTS CLÉS longs, horizontaux et unis par les bordures latérales (plus longs que larges, pendants, libres entre eux Achlorophylliennes, mycotrophes, au niveau des bordures latérales chez G. longistylus). Cette nouvelle espèce est connue de deux zones Afrique, forestières menacées avec moins de 50 individus recensés. De ce fait, elle est évaluée en « danger cri- Madagascar, tique d’extinction » (CR B1ab(i-iv), B2ab(i-iv), D) selon les critères de l’UICN (2012). Gymnosiphon saprophyte, menacé, mayottensis Cheek, sp. nov. est illustrée dans cet article par des photos en couleurs, des dessins et sa espèce nouvelle. distribution est cartographiée. ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2020 • 42 (8) © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.adansonia.com 179 Cheek M. & Traclet S. INTRODUCTION Triuridaceae and Thismiaceae are achlorophyllous mycotrophs (Cheek & Ndam 1996; Cheek & Williams 2000; Cheek Mayotte is a small French island of the Comoros archipelago 2006; Sainge et al. 2010). Additionally, in the Comores and (376 km²) which hosts a rich biodiversity: the indigenous Madagascar, an achlorophyllous genus of Iridaceae, Geosiris species richness is considered one of the most important Baillon, occurs (Goldblatt & Manning 2010). New discoveries in the world (Barthelat & Viscardi 2012; Duperron et al. of achlorophyllous mycotrophs, even new genera to science, are 2019). Since the 1990s, numerous floristic surveys were still steadily being made across Africa and Madagascar (Cheek made in Mayotte by the Service des Eaux et Forêts (SEF) of et al. 2003, 2018, 2019; Cheek 2004a; Nuraliev et al. 2016) Direction de l’Agriculture et de la Forêt (DAF) de Mayotte, The achlorophyllous mycotroph detected at Mt Bénara was the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris, and since readily identified as Gymnosiphon Blume due to the combina- 2007 principally by the Conservatoire botanique national de tion of three broad, spreading outer perianth lobes, each lobe Mascarin (CBNM). The analysis of the material collected itself with a lateral segment, the abscission after anthesis of during these surveys and stored principally in MAO and P, the upper part of the perianth tube (carrying with it the lobes has resulted in the identification of new species for science and stamens), leaving a naked tube surmounting the ovary, in many different families of vascular plants: Fabaceae Du( and the conspicuous thread-like stigmatic filaments which Puy & Labat 1996a, b; Labat & Pascal 1999), Sapotaceae within the Burmanniaceae are known only in Gymnosiphon. (Labat et al. 1997), Oleaceae (Labat et al. 1999), Salicaceae Burmanniaceae were last monographed by Jonker (1938). He and Achariaceae, as Flacourtiaceae (Hul et al. 1999), Arali- included within the family the Thismiaeae, which are now aceae (Lowry et al. 1999), Putranjivaceae as the Euphorbi- treated as a separate family, Thismiaceae (e.g. Maas-van der aceae (McPherson 2000), Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae (Labat Kamer 1998). Hexapterella Urban, a monotypic S. American et al. 2001), Orchidaceae (Bosser & Morat 2001), Buxaceae genus, is sister to Gymnosiphon in the molecular phylogeny (Schatz & Lowry 2002), Boraginaceae (Miller 2003), Aster- of Merckx et al. (2006). aceae (Labat & Beentje 2003), Urticaceae (Wilmot-Dear & Gymnosiphon is pantropical with 33 species, including Friis 2004), Rutaceae (Labat et al. 2005; Rabarimanarivo et al. 17 species in the neotropics and eight species in SE Asia, 2015), Melastomataceae (Stone 2006), Olacaceae (Rogers one species extending to Australia (Gray et al. 2019). Until et al. 2006), Asphodelaceae (Ellert 2006), Icacinaceae (Labat the 21st century, only four species were known for Africa- et al. 2006), Dioscoreaceae (Wilkin et al. 2007), Vitaceae Madagascar, but with the discovery of Gymnosiphon
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