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Sir Arthur BLISS Checkmate 557641 bk Bliss US 7/7/05 3:50 pm Page 5 Royal Scottish National Orchestra David Lloyd-Jones Formed in 1891 as the Scottish Orchestra, in 1951 the ensemble, now full-time, took the name of the Scottish David Lloyd–Jones began his professional career in 1959 on the music staff of the Royal Opera House, Covent National Orchestra, later assuming the title Royal, a recognition of its importance in the musical life of Scotland. Garden, and soon became much in demand as a freelance conductor for orchestral and choral concerts, opera, BBC Distinguished conductors who have worked with the orchestra include Sir John Barbirolli, Karl Rankl, Hans broadcasts and TV studio opera productions. He has appeared at the Royal Opera House (Boris Godunov with both Swarowsky, Walter Susskind, Sir Alexander Gibson, the first Scottish-born Principal Conductor, Bryden Thomson Christoff and Ghaiurov), Welsh National Opera, Scottish Opera and the Wexford, Cheltenham, Edinburgh and and Neeme Järvi. Walter Weller, now Conductor Emeritus, served as Music Director and Principal Conductor from Leeds Festivals, and with the major British orchestras. In 1972 he was appointed Assistant Music Director at 1992 to 1997, when he was succeeded by Alexander Lazarev. He joins Walter Weller as a Conductor Emeritus on English National Opera, and during his time there conducted an extensive repertory which included, in addition to Sir Arthur the appointment of Stéphane Denève as Music Director from September 2005. Other members of the RSNO Artistic all the standard operas, Die Meistersinger, Katya Kabanova, and the British stage première of Prokofiev’s War and Team include the Principal Guest Conductor Garry Walker and Associate Conductor James Lowe. The orchestra Peace. In 1978, at the invitation of the Arts Council of Great Britain, he founded a new full-time opera company, made an important contribution to the authoritative Naxos series of Bruckner Symphonies (8.501101) under the late Opera North, with its own orchestra, the English Northern Philharmonia, of which he became Artistic Director and BLISS Georg Tintner, and under the former Principal Guest Conductor Marin Alsop recorded a complete cycle of the Principal Conductor. During his twelve seasons with the company he conducted fifty different new productions, orchestral works of Samuel Barber. There have also been significant additions to the stock of recordings of film including The Trojans, Prince Igor, The Midsummer Marriage (Tippett), and the British stage première of Strauss’s music, with award-winning releases in London and in Germany. A busy schedule in Scotland brings regular seasons Daphne. He also conducted numerous orchestral concerts, including festival appearances in France and Germany. Checkmate in its home-town of Glasgow, annual appearances at the Edinburgh Festival and regular performances in the BBC He has made many successful recordings of British and Russian music, and has an extensive career in the concert- Promenade Concerts in London. In addition to concerts in England, the orchestra has travelled to other countries, hall and opera-house that takes him to leading musical centres throughout Central Europe, Scandinavia, Russia, (Complete Ballet) with tours of North America and Japan, and throughout Europe. In 2002 the orchestra was given a Classic FM ‘Red Israel, Australia, Japan, Canada and the Americas. His highly acclaimed cycle of Bax’s symphonies and tone poems F’ award for its outstanding contribution to classical music, through recording, performance, education and outreach for Naxos (Gramophone Award) was completed in the autumn of 2003. work. The RSNO was also nominated four times in the 47th annual Grammy Awards in 2005. Mêlée Fantasque Royal Scottish National Orchestra David Lloyd-Jones 8.557641 5 6 8.557641 557641 bk Bliss US 7/7/05 3:50 pm Page 2 Arthur Bliss (1891-1975) well as the sinister goose-steps of the Nazis which rhythms, they salute and challenge each other to With The Attack the ‘Game begins’ as brass and him to a distorted version of his theme. The giant figures Mêlée Fantasque • Checkmate: Ballet in One Scene with a Prologue inevitably linked the ballet’s subject to the mood of the displays of prowess in which the first Red Knight wind play a forceful theme and the stage becomes ‘alive of the two players appear; Death throws his black times when war clouds were gathering. surpasses them all. As the dance finishes, the Black with the intricate manœuvres of the chess battle’. The gauntlet on the corpse which, to doleful cor anglais and Arthur Bliss, who was half-American, studied at by the brilliance of Dyagilev’s Ballets Russes on their The première on 15th June 1937 at the Théâtre des Knights fall on their knees at the approach of their corps de ballet alternate with the Black Queen’s solos, flute solos, is borne off in a funeral cortège. Cambridge and the Royal College of Music. During the visits to London. In particular Stravinsky’s great scores Champs-Elysées in Paris was a glittering occasion, Queen; the music is ominous, pregnant with danger; she the latter’s sallies accompanied by castanets. As the In a steely, cold-blooded tango The Black Queen First World War he served with distinction, and in the made a huge impression, and his influence on Bliss in danced by a cast with now legendary names, including is the ‘most dangerous piece on the board.’ music slows, massive dissonant chords indicate that ‘a Dances, taunting the terrified Red monarch. Her music post-war years his career was launched with a series of the post-war years was significant, as is apparent in Frederick Ashton (Death), Robert Helpmann (Red The Entry of the Black Queen is epitomized by a clear opening to the Red King is laid bare; the Black twists and turns as, to a solo violin passage, she bold ensemble works such as Rout (1920). These gained Mêlée Fantasque. Composed in 1921, it was Bliss’s King), Harold Turner (Red Knight), June Brae (Black sensuous clarinet melody offset by harp arpeggios, Queen’s menacing manœuvre results in ‘the CHECK! of seemingly plays with her victim, finally leaving the him the reputation as an avant-garde experimentalist, as first orchestral work to be performed in public when Queen), Pamela May (Red Queen) and Margot Fonteyn indicative of both her sexual allure and her deadly, cold- the King’ to two jabbing chords. He summons his stage ‘with a gesture of savage triumph’. At the did his first major orchestral work A Colour Symphony Henry Wood invited the composer to conduct it in his leading the Black Pawns. Constant Lambert conducted hearted nature. She mesmerises the red pieces, Bishops to assist him; they intercede to their chant, but beginning of the Finale the King looks for means of (1921-2). His musical language reached its maturity in Promenade Concerts that year. It was dedicated to the the Orchestre des Concerts Lamoureux. The British especially the Red Knight and to a melting solo violin are imperiously dismissed by the ruthless Queen. The flight, the music alternating between slow, nervous the late 1920s as heard in the Oboe Quintet (1927) and memory of the artist and theatre designer Claude Lovat première took place on 5th October the same year at phrase flings him a rose; he is ensnared by her guile. He Red King’s consort implores mercy in a pleading oboe passages and fast violent outbursts, as his means of Pastoral (1928). In the 1930s his memories of war Fraser, with whom Bliss had collaborated on Sadler’s Wells Theatre, London, and the combined is exultant in having, supposedly, gained her love and in solo, but the two Black Knights carry her forcibly away. escape are blocked. To relentless, ferocious, music the inspired the profound choral symphony Morning productions of Shakespeare’s As You Like It and The talents brought about a masterpiece of English ballet The Red Knight’s Mazurka responds with an athletic, In The Duel between the Red Knight and the Black final onslaught begins with the black forces hounding Heroes (1930), whilst his Music for Strings (1935) Tempest. As he acknowledged in his programme note, which remains in the repertoire today. elated solo in which his main theme is contrasted by a Queen, Bliss interweaves fragments of themes from their quarry. Surrounded by his enemies, the King is demonstrated his mastery of musical structures. Bliss considered Mêlée Fantasque his first ballet score; In the description of the action that follows the tender idea on woodwind. Towards the end the music previous sections. Their combat becomes a battle of forced back to his throne, but recalling his youthful, A characteristic of Bliss’s career was his in it he aimed ‘to convey the rhythmic verve and Bakst- quotations are taken from both Bliss’s scenario and the turns sinister, as if presaging his doom. wills until the Knight has the Queen at his mercy. Torn heroic self he shows a brief moment of defiance partnerships with major artists of other genres, like colour of Lovat Fraser’s paintings’. These were stage directions. The music of the Prologue is sombre, The Ceremony of the Red Bishops is evoked by a between duty and infatuation, the Red Knight hesitates appearing ‘majestic as a lion at bay’ to thundering beginning, in 1934-5, with the score for Alexander ‘evoked in colourful episodes’, which Bliss contrasted characterized by a brooding viola melody. As the chiming bell and a chant-like fragment on the strings. to strike as the Prologue melody resounds through the percussion. For an instant the black pieces waver. But Korda’s film Things to Come, based on H.G. Wells’s with ‘elegiac passages which hint at the loss of this curtain rises two players, one in gold armour, the other The pawns slowly dip the banners of their knights ‘to orchestra, building to thudding chords as he drops his behind him stands the Black Queen, spear aloft; she novel.
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