6.0 DESCRIPTION of the ENVIRONMENT This Chapter Provides a Characterization and Description of the Existing Environmental Condit
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6.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT This chapter provides a characterization and description of the existing environmental conditions for the Côté Gold Project (the Project), based on baseline studies, for the period between March 2012 and July, 2013. Studies were conducted for the physical, biological and human environments within the defined study areas. The description of the existing environment provided in this Chapter aims to familiarize the reader with the local setting in relation to the Project site depicted in Figure 5-2 of Chapter 5. Baseline studies and other studies referenced herein are provided in Appendices E to T. The objectives of the baseline studies are to characterize the physical, biological and human environment aspects of potentially affected areas, along with reference locations (such as upstream locations), where appropriate for comparison. Environmental baseline data (description of the existing environment): helps inform Project planning and design (for example, knowledge of rock characteristics assists in determining how best to handle and store the material) and modelling/calculations (for example, water balance calculations, air quality and noise models, etc.); allows for an assessment of likely effects of the Project, including comparisons with established environmental guidelines, thresholds and limits, where applicable, and in the planning and design of mitigation to avoid or reduce predicted adverse effects; and provides a reference for future environmental monitoring, where such follow-up is required and appropriate (that is, it allows a comparison to be made of pre-development and post development conditions). The baseline studies were based on the following disciplines under the physical, biological and human environments: air quality; noise and vibration; geochemistry and geology; hydrogeology; hydrology and climate; geochemistry and geology; surface and groundwater quality (including sediment quality); terrestrial biology for the Project site; terrestrial biology for the transmission line alignment alternatives (TLAs); aquatic biology; Côté Gold Project EIS / Draft Environmental Assessment Report May 2014 Project #TC121522 Page 6-1 land and resource use; Aboriginal traditional knowledge and land use; built heritage resources; archaeology; visual aesthetics; and socio-economics. 6.1 Study Areas Study areas were defined separately for the physical, biological and human environments. Study areas establish the geographic extent within which information was obtained from both primary and secondary sources, as applicable for environmental effects assessment purposes. The study area definitions are provided in Chapter 9. 6.2 Baseline Studies Studies have been completed using standard field protocol and scientific methodology as indicated under each of the respective disciplines, to accurately document spatial and temporal variability, and have considered the information needs of regulatory agencies for approval of previous similar Ontario mining projects. Baseline studies have been informed by consultation with interested stakeholders and Aboriginal communities, as documented in Chapter 4, and through personal communications received during data collection for baseline studies. The baseline studies have included the collection of site-specific information to support the EA, including information and data from documentation and published material from government and other sources and databases. Information from other field investigations or work not formally documented, if applicable, may also have been used in the preparation of the EA report. 6.3 Physical Environment All baseline and other studies for the physical environment disciplines are presented in the respective technical support documents (TSDs) in Appendix E to J. These reports include tabulated baseline data, figures indicating sampling or monitoring locations and detailed results. The following sections concisely present a synthesis of the respective studies for each discipline. 6.3.1 Climate Climate data typically includes information on precipitation, temperature and wind and is used in water balance and flood design calculations to assess general site design and operation conditions, as well as for air quality and noise modelling to further support the assessments of potential effects. Côté Gold Project EIS / Draft Environmental Assessment Report May 2014 Project #TC121522 Page 6-2 The climate baseline study is presented in the Hydrology and Climate TSD in Appendix I. 6.3.1.1 Methodology A preliminary review of available literature and regional information was undertaken using information provided by Environment Canada, the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Water Survey of Canada (WSC) and Ontario Power Generation (OPG). Baseline data was primarily obtained from the MNR, Environment Canada, WSC and OPG. Regional baseline data was also obtained from regional meteorological stations maintained by Environment Canada located in Timmins (120 km north of the Project site and located adjacent to the discontinued Timmins Victor Power A station), Chapleau (110 km northwest if the Project site) and Sudbury (140 km southeast of the Project site), Ontario. Climate data has been collected at these stations for several decades, and the data from the Environment Canada 30-year Climate Normal Statistics for 1971 to 2000 at each location was used (Environment Canada, 2012a) and supplemented by more recent records to provide a longer-term average climate record, including the Environment Canada Intensity-Duration- Frequency (IDF) data for climate monitoring stations with sufficient record period (Environment Canada, 2012b). An on-site meteorological station was established at the Project site in May, 2012 by Golder and IAMGOLD (UTM 5267365 N, 433039 E, NAD83, Zone 17N). Daily temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction and solar radiation data was collected from sensors mounted on a 10 m tower to supplement the baseline study. A precipitation collector located near the station’s base collected total precipitation data, including snowfall. Meteorological data was logged each hour by dataloggers to collect climate data for the Project site over the short- term, to supplement long-term data for the region obtained from the various regional stations described. 6.3.1.2 Results and Discussion Regional Climate Located in the Boreal Shield ecozone of Ontario (Natural Resources Canada, 2012), the Project site is characterized by long, cold winters and short, warm summers with little to no annual water deficit (Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1990). The average annual precipitation for the region is in the range of 800 mm to 900 mm (average is approximately 856.3 mm), with between 31% and 38% falling as snow and a decreasing precipitation gradient towards the northwest. Annual water losses, based on total water lost to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration (ET) and to deep groundwater resources is in the range of 400 mm to 600 mm (MNR, 1984). Annual water surplus is in the range of 200 mm to 500 mm. The total precipitation gradient shows a decreasing trend northward (to Timmins) and westward (to Chapleau), consistent with gradients noted by Fisheries and Environment Canada (1978). Côté Gold Project EIS / Draft Environmental Assessment Report May 2014 Project #TC121522 Page 6-3 Approximately 37% of the annual precipitation falls as snow in Timmins, and 29% falls as snow in Sudbury. Annual average temperatures at these regional sites are in the range of approximately -17ºC to 19ºC, with minimum daily average temperatures occurring in January and maximum daily average temperatures occurring in July. Winds in the region do not show spatial consistency and are primarily from the south or southwest during the summer months and from the north or northwest during the winter months. Wind data, as Climate Normals for the regional weather stations, are available from the National Climate Data and Information Archive (Environment Canada, 2013). According to the Environment Canada Climate Normals for Timmins (ID 6020379) and monthly distribution of wind direction for North Bay and Sudbury, the winds are predominantly from the north or south during the winter and spring months, and south to southwest during summer and fall months. The average wind speed in this region ranges from 9.8 km/h to 13.5 km/h, with the highest average wind in the fall and spring, and the lowest mean wind speed in the summer (6.8 km/h).The average monthly wind speed at the Sudbury station ranges from 13.2 km/h to 17.4 km/h. The wind rose diagram for the Project site for wind speed and direction data collected from August, 2012, to August, 2013, is depicted in Graphic 6-1, including an inset of the Sudbury wind rose diagram for comparison (see Appendix F for relevant data). Wind speeds at the Project site ranged from approximately 27 km/h to 5.4 km/h, predominantly towards the south and south-west. Côté Gold Project EIS / Draft Environmental Assessment Report May 2014 Project #TC121522 Page 6-4 Graphic 6-1: Windrose Diagram for Côté Gold Project Site (August, 2012 to August, 2013) with Sudbury Windrose Inset Sudbury Windrose (1996-2000) Côté Gold Project EIS / Draft Environmental Assessment Report May 2014 Project #TC121522 Page 6-5 Local Climate Data collected from the Project site meteorological station indicates that precipitation at the Project site falls within the range of average annual precipitation for the region, as do daily average temperatures.