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Key Words Enquiry To seek information about something. Archaeologist A person who studies ancient cultures by the scientific analysis of physical remains. Investigation Careful search or examination in order to discover facts Biased Having an unfair or one-sided view for or against or information. someone or something. Year: 7 Palaeolithic Of the period from about 2.5 to 3 million years ago Prehistoric Of man’s development before the appearance of the until about 12 000 BC, during which primate man written word. Written word appeared around 3,000 Term: 1a emerged and unpolished chipped stone tools were BC. Topic: Swanscombe Man made. Neolithic Of the period that lasted in Europe from about 4000 to Mesolithic Of the middle period of the Stone Age, in Europe 2400 BC, characterised by primitive farming and the from about 12,000 to 3000 BC. Lesson Sequence use of polished stone and flint tools and weapons. 1. Enquiry skills in History 2. Explore how the Key dates of discovery Key Concepts Swanscombe Man was 29 th June 1935 Alvan T. Marston, a dentist, discovered a human bone in found. Swanscombe. The problems with historical enquiry are: 3. Consider the Swanscombe 15 th March 1936 Marston found a second piece of the same skull. This was - Sources are often biased or unreliable

Man as historical from the left side of the skull. - Sources are not always available, particularly Alliance in the prehistoric period evidence. 30th July 1955 John Wymer found a third separate part of the skull. This - We never have a direct window into the past, 4. Explore prehistoric life. was 24.5 metres away. and always have to be careful of our modern

perspective Useful Resources Palaeolithic lifestyle:  http://www.swanscombe - Pointed tools for skinning and butchering animals Archaeological studies heritagepark.co.uk/interpr - Animal prey included rhinoceros, deer and horse - Scientists agree that the skull belonged to a etation.htm - Hunting involved dangerously close contact with large prey animals young woman  http://www.bbc.co.uk/gui - People tended to stay near rivers for water - This is due to the delicate muscle attachments des/zpny34j - Nomadic people – moved around and did not create permanent settlements - This can be used to reveal the shape and size - No development of farming techniques or agriculture of the brain of humans at that time

History of the Earth before Prehistoric timeline Sources humans - Primary = first-hand evidence from the event

- 4.56 billion years ago – - Secondary =evidence that has one or more formation of the Earth steps removed from the event - 230 – 65 million years ago – Mesozoic Era (dinosaurs) Dates – BC/AD - 2.8 million years ago – BC = ‘Before Christ’. These dates becomes smaller earliest human-like as they approach 0. creatures – Palaeolithic AD – Latin ‘Anno Domini’, meaning ‘in the year of our Lord’. Era

Key Words Contender A person taking part in a race or competition. Cavalry Fighting on horseback. Motte The mound of earth in a castle. Conquest The act of defeating an opponent or opponents, to gain possession of a place. Bailey The walled area where soldiers and livestock Illegitimate With no official or legal right to the throne. would live in a castle. Year: 7 Monarch King or queen. Heir The next in line for the throne. Term: 1a Topic: the Norman Invasion Witan The powerful lords and bishops who were the Infantry Soldiers who fight on foot. advisors to the Anglo-Saxon kings. Housecarls Professional full-time soldiers. Fyrd The name given to the army of an Anglo-Saxon Lesson Sequence king, mostly made up of peasant farmers. 1. To explore the state of in 1066. Key dates of 1066 2. To understand the 5th January died. Contenders to the throne in 1066 arguments over who should 6th January was crowned the new King of England. become king. 20th Battle of Fulford. Hardrada and Tostig won, and took the city of York. Son of Edward the Confessor’s 3. To explore the Battle of September nephew (direct blood line) Fulford. Alliance 25th Battle of Stamford Bridge. Harold Godwinson won, and Hardrada Edgar Atheling About twelve years old 4. To explore the Battle of September and Tostig were killed. Not interested in being king Stamford Bridge. 28th The Norman army landed at Pevensey in England. They built castles Witan rejected his claim 5. To explore the Battle of September and raided the surrounding area. No direct bloodline Hastings. th Powerful and experienced 6. To explore reasons why the 14 Battle of Hastings. The Normans won and Harold Godwinson was Harold Said Edward chose him in Normans won. October killed, possibly with an arrow to the eye. Godwinson 7. Revision for EA 1 25th William was crowned the King of England at Westminster Abbey. 1066 8. Key Assessment 1 (EA 1) December Witan supported his claim 9. Feedback on EA 1 Factors that helped the Normans to win the Battle of Hastings: No direct bloodline 10. To explore Norman castle - The Saxons were tired from fighting two battles in the north of England Powerful and experienced Harald design. - The Saxons were tired from marching quickly to Hastings. The wind changed at Danish king passed his claim Hardrada the perfect moment for William to invade while the south coast was to Hardrada Core Text unprotected. Witan ignored his claim KS3 History – Medieval Britain

(410-1509) by Robert Peal. Section - The Saxon army was mostly made up of peasant farmers, rather than Great aunt was Queen of on the . professional soldiers like the Norman army England - The Normans were able to fight on horseback, unlike the Saxons William Duke Powerful and experienced - The Normans played a clever trick on the Saxons to break their defence of Normandy Said Edward chose him in Key Assessment - William had gained the support of the Pope. This made the Saxon people very 1051 Key Assessment 1 (EA 1) – Essay frightened Witan ignored his claim on the reasons why the Normans - The Normans were lucky that Harold was killed. The battle would have won the Battle of Hastings. continued otherwise.

Key dates Key Words 1135-53 Civil War between Stephen and Matilda. The name given to the collection of lands ruled by the 1154 Henry II becomes king. Plantagenet kings, including England, Ireland and parts of 1161 Thomas Becket made archbishop of France. Canterbury. The Crusades Religious wars between Christians and Muslims in the Holy 1163/4 Conflict between Becket and Henry II. Year: 7 Land (in particular, Jerusalem). 1170 Becket is murdered. Barons Powerful nobles who own land in England. Term: 1b 1173-89 Conflict between Henry II and his wife and Topic: Becket and the sons. Magna Carta An agreement between the nobles and the king that he would Monarchy 1189 Richard II becomes king. not abuse their rights. 1190 Richard goes on Crusade. Excommunication A power of the Pope, to remove someone from the Catholic Church. Lesson Sequence 1194 Richard finally returns to England after being captured coming home. Aquitaine A large and wealthy duchy (part) of France. 1. The Plantagenets 1199 Richard dies, John becomes king. Plantagenet The family name of the kings descended from Geoffrey of 2. Henry II – good king? 1203 John apparently murders his nephew, Anjou. 3. Henry II and Becket Arthur (an heir to the throne). Archbishop of The most powerful religious figure in England. Thomas Becket 4. Henry II – bad king? 1209 John excommunicated (then pardoned) by Canterbury was appointed because Henry wanted more control over the 5. Henry II – judgement the Pope). church, but Becket had other ideas. 6. Richard I – good king? 1215 John forced to sign the Magna Carta. 7. Richard I – bad king? 1215-17 War with the barons, John dies in 1216. Civil War A war between people within the same country. 8. King John – bad king? 9. King John – good king? Family Tree – William I and the Plantagenets Key Individuals 10. Magna Carta Henry II First Plantagenet King, ruler of England and much of 11. King John – judgement France. 12. Assessment preparation Richard (I) the Richard’s eldest surviving son, rarely visited England, spent 13. Assessment Lionheart much of his reign on a Crusade to Jerusalem. 14. Assessment feedback John I Henry II’s youngest son who succeeded his brother Alliance Richard as king. Lost much of England’s lands in France, Key Question: fought with the barons and made to sign the Magna Carta. What makes a great king? Eleanor of Henry II’s wife, but also a powerful ruler in her own right. Aquitaine Increased England’s power by adding Aquitaine (part of Who was the greatest king of the France) to the Angevin Empire. Plantagenets? Thomas Henry II’s former friend and chancellor who turned against Becket the king after being made the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Key Key Murdered by Henry’s knights. Assessment Resources Matilda Henry II’s mother and daughter of Henry I. The English Key nobles refused to accept her as Queen as so fought a Civil Assessment 2 SHP – Year 7 War against another of William’s grandchildren, Stephen. – Who was the History Stephen A grandson of William I, king of England, fought the Civil greatest textbook War against Matilda. He was succeeded (followed as king) Medieval king? by Matilda’s son, Henry, in an agreement to stop the war.

Key Words Chronology The arrangements of events or dates in order of Feudal System A power structure where people held their land their occurrence. in return for promising loyalty, known as doing homage, and providing services such as working

or fighting for their lord Democracy A country which is ruled by someone they have Black Death A disease in the Medieval period that killed Year: 7 elected. around 20 million people in Europe. Term: 2a Poll Tax A tax which applies to every adult, without Cause Something that produces a particular effect. Topic: The Peasants’ Revolt reference to their income or resources. Rebellion To try to overthrow the person or group of Hierarchy A system in which people are ranked according to people in power. how important that are. Lesson Sequence Essex A county in England, to the north-east of London. Consequence Result or effect. 1. To understand the concept Revolt Violent action against a government or ruler. Statute Written law. of chronology. Key dates Key Individuals

2. To understand the 1337 The war with France, known as the Hundred Years’ War,

chronology of the Peasants’ began. King Edward A strong and warlike King of England,

Revolt. 1348 The Black Death entered England. III whose son died before him.

3. To explore the feudal system 1351 Edward III set a maximum wage for labourers (the Statute King Richard Became king aged 10, only 14 during

as a cause. of Labourers). II Peasants’ Revolt. 4. To explore the Black Death 1360 Poorer priests began to complain about the rich leaders of John of Uncle of Richard II. Very influential and as a cause. Alliance the church. Gaunt introduced the poll tax. 5. To explore other causes. 1369 The war with France began to go badly. John Ball A rebellious priest who was arrested and 6. To investigate sources on the 1377 Edward III died. After his death, a poll tax was introduced imprisoned. Later freed by rebels. Peasants’ Revolt. by John of Gaunt. Everyone over 15 years had to pay 5 Thomas A tax collector, who arrived in Essex and 7. Revision for EA 2 pence for the war. Bampton was beaten and driven away. 8. Key Assessment 3 (EA 2) 1381 Tax collectors began rounding up people who had not paid John Wyclif An Oxford professor who believed that 9. Feedback on EA 2 the poll tax. everybody within the church spent too 10. To introduce the topic of 1381 Three tax collectors were murdered in Essex. much money. Henry VIII. 1381 The Peasants’ Revolt took place. Wat Tyler A leader of the Peasants’ Revolt.

Core Text: Feudal System Famous quote:

King Lots of power and a great deal of responsibility. John Ball, ‘From the beginning all men by nature SHP History Year 7 – Dawson & Lords Richest people in England. Owned a lot of land and helped 1381 were created alike, and our bondage or Wilson, p178-183 servitude came in by the unjust to the king to run the country. Knights Mostly soldiers. Given land and power as a reward for oppression of naught men… And Key Assessment fighting for their lords. therefore I exhort you to consider that Key Assessment 3 (EA 2) – Essay Peasants Farmed the land and paid rent for it. In return, the knights now the time is come, appointed to us by on the different causes of the protected them. God, in which ye may (if ye will) cast off Peasants’ Revolt. the yoke of bondage, and recover liberty.’

Lesson Sequence Key dates The Tudor Family tree 1. War of the Roses. 1491 Henry VIII born at 2. Was Henry VIII a Palace on 28th June. Henry VII Elizabeth of York ‘Renaissance Prince’? 1501 Prince Arthur marries Catherine of 3. What was Henry’s Aragon, but dies the following England like? year. Year: 7 4. The break from Rome. 1509 Henry VII dies and Henry VIII Arthur Margaret Mary Term: 2b 5. The Pilgrimage of Grace. becomes king. He marries his Topic: Henry VIII 6. Henry’s opponents. brother’s widow. 7. Henry’s supporters. 1516 Mary I, the only surviving child of Henry VIII Catherine Anne Jane 8. Henry’s wives. Henry’s first marriage, is born. Key Assessment of Aragon Boleyn Seymour 9. Key Assessment 4 1520 Field of Cloth Gold, where the Key Assessment 4 – What did revision. English and French kings meet to people think of Henry VIII? 10. Key Assessment 4. demonstrate their wealth and Mary I Elizabeth I Edward VI power. Key Words 1521 Henry VIII declared ‘Defender of Key Individuals Renaissance A period of time meaning ‘rebirth’ – the Faith’ by the Pope. Henry VIII King of England and head of the church of particularly the rebirth of old ideas from the 1529 Henry dismisses Wolsey for failing England after 1534. Roman period. to obtain the Pope’s consent for a Thomas Henry’s chief advisor and chancellor for the Renaissance The perfect example of a good ruler who divorce for Henry. Wolsey first 20 years of his reign. 1533 Henry is excommunicated by the Prince embraced changes in culture. Thomas Henry’s friend and tutor who later refused to Pope and marries Anne Boleyn. Moore accept the break from Rome. Defender of the A title given by the Pope to those that Elizabeth I born. Faith support Catholicism. 1534 Henry becomes Head of the Catherine of Henry’s first wife, mother of Mary I, divorced. Aragon Reformation The process of the church changing, reducing . the power of the Pope and becoming more 1535 Thomas Moore is executed for Anne Boleyn Second wife of Henry, mother of Elizabeth I. Protestant. failing to accept Henry’s position Executed for witchcraft. Act of A law which made Henry head of the English as head of the church. Henry’s third wife, mother of Edward VI. Died Supremacy Church. 1536 Anne Boleyn is executed, Henry in childbirth. Act of Succession A law which made any children Anne Boleyn marries Jane Seymour. Anne of Henry’s fourth wife, described by Henry as might have the heirs to the throne instead of 1537 Jane Seymour dies, Edward VI is Cleves the ‘Flanders Mare’. Divorced. Catherine of Aragorn’s daughter, Mary. born. Katherine Henry’s fifth wife, only a teenager when she Dissolution of The destruction of monasteries (places where 1540 Henry marries Anne of Cleves, but Howard married him. Executed for adultery. the Monasteries nuns and monks live and worship). Their quickly divorces her. Henry Catherine Henry’s last wife, a strong Protestant. marries Katherine Howard. wealth was given to the king. Parr Outlived the king, but died soon after. Annulment Catholics do not allow divorce, but they can 1542 Katherine Howard beheaded by Thomas Henry’s chief advisor after Wolsey’s death, have an annulment, meaning that the Henry after being accused of adultery. Cromwell executed after the failure of Henry’s marriage marriage ‘never happened’ according to God. to Anne of Cleves. The Pilgrimage of A rebellion against Henry and his advisors, 1543 Catherine Parr becomes Queen. th Thomas Made Archbishop of Canterbury by Henry and Grace protesting against the Dissolution of the 1547 Henry VIII dies on 28 January. His Cranmer helped to reform the English Church. Monasteries. son Edward succeeds him as king.

Key Words Monarch A , especially a king, queen or Authoritative Commanding and self-confident. Likely to be emperor. obeyed. Reign Hold royal office, or rule as a monarch. Candidate A person who applies for a job or position.

Portrayal A depiction of someone in art or literature. Fleet A group of ships sailing together, engaged in the same activity or under the same ownership. Year: 7 Armada A fleet or warships. Patriarchal A society in which men have most of the power. Term: 3a Topic: Elizabeth I Propaganda Information used to persuade people to believe Reminiscent Reminding or suggestive (of). in something. Alliance A relationship between two groups of people or Invasion When an armed force enters an area with the nations, where both promise to protect each other. intention of occupying it.

Lesson Sequence Key dates Key Individuals 1. Introduction to Elizabeth I. 1533 Elizabeth was born. Her mother was Anne Boleyn. 2. Portrayal of Elizabeth I. Elizabeth I Queen of England . 1558 Elizabeth I became the Queen of England after her half- 3. Elizabeth I as a student. Mary I Half-sister of Elizabeth – ‘Bloody Mary’. sister Mary died. 4. The problem of marriage. Henry VIII Father of Elizabeth I. 1569 The Northern rebellion – an attempt to overthrow Elizabeth 5. The problem of religion. Anne Boleyn Mother of Elizabeth I. Alliance I. 6. Elizabeth I as a woman. Philip of Spain King of Spain, previously married to 1570 The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth I. Mary I. 7. The Spanish Armada. 1571 The Ridolfi Plot – an attempt to assassinate Elizabeth I.

8. Mary, Queen of Scots. 1587 Elizabeth ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester, close friend of

9. The problem of poverty. 1588 Elizabeth led a successful defence of England against the Elizabeth I from childhood. 10. Sources on Elizabeth I. attack of the Spanish Armada. Francis, Duke French duke who courted Elizabeth. 11. Revision lesson. 1589 The Babington Plot – another attempt to assassinate of Alencon Nicknamed the ‘frog’. 12. EA Exam 3. Elizabeth I. Robert Earl of Essex. Popular with the queen 13. Feedback on EA Exam 3. 1601 The Poor Law was passed to try to deal with poverty. Devereux initially, but later fell out of her favour. 14. Recap on Elizabeth I. 1603 Elizabeth I died at the age of 69. Mary, Queen Also known as Mary Stuart. Distant of Scots cousin of Elizabeth. Executed in 1587. Problems faced by Elizabeth I Famous quotes: 1563, to a ‘I would rather be a beggar and single Core Text: Childhood Her mother was executed and she was illegitimate. Marriage Elizabeth never married despite expectations. visitor than a queen and married.’ Key Stage 3 History by Aaron 1601, ‘The ‘To be a king and wear a crown is a Wilkes: Renaissance, Religion Elizabeth tried to find a ‘middle way’ between Catholicism and Protestantism. Golden Speech’ thing more glorious to them that see it Revolution and Reformation Gender Elizabeth was a woman in a male-dominated world. to the House of than it is pleasant to them that bear Spain The Spanish Armada’s invasion of 1588 was a significant Commons it.’ Key Assessment To the troops at ‘I know I have the body of a weak and Key Assessment 5 (EA 3) – Essay military threat. Mary Involved in assassination attempts and executed in 1587. Tilbury in 1588 feeble woman, but I have the heart on the different problems faced and stomach of a king, and of a king of Poverty In countryside due to harvest failures and high prices. by Elizabeth I. England too.’

Key Words Monarch A head of state, especially a king, queen or emperor. Parliament Elected and non-elected representatives of the British people. Reign Hold royal office, or rule as a monarch. Treason A crime of plotting against the country or king.

MPs Members of the House of Commons, which Peers Another name for the lords that were represented the common people in Parliament. represented by the in Parliament. Year: 7 ‘Between kings’ – when England was a Protectorate. Concessions A compromise granted in response to demands. Term: 3b Topic: Civil War Restoration The monarchy was brought back to England after the The Long The Parliament that Charles summoned when he Interregnum. Parliament needed money, before they declared war on him. Lord The ruler of the country during the Interregnum – a ruler The Grand A formal letter sent by the , Protector than was not royalty. Remonstrance complaining about Charles I’s actions as king. Lesson Sequence 1. Golden Age to Civil War. Key dates Key Individuals 2. Introduction to Civil War. 1603 Elizabeth I died, succeeded by James I (VI of ). James I King of England, succeeded Elizabeth I, 3. Causes of Civil War (part 1). 1605 – Catholics including Guy Fawkes attempted to the first Stewart king. 4. Causes of Civil War (part 2). blow up King James and Parliament. Charles I King of England, James’ son. 5. . 1625 James died, Charles took over as king and married Henrietta Henrietta Marie Charles’ Catholic and French wife. 6. Cromwell: hero or villain? AllianceMarie. William Laud Charles’ Archbishop of Canterbury, a 7. Cromwell debate 1628 Assassination of Charles’ close friend and advisor, the Duke of radical reformer. preparation lesson. Buckingham. John Pym A parliamentary leader during the Long 8. Cromwell debate. 1629 Charles dismissed Parliament and ruled without them for 11 Parliament. 9. Assessment preparation. years. Oliver Cromwell Member of Parliament and later Lord 10. Assessment. 1640 Charles was forced to call the Long Parliament after running out Protector of England. 11. Assessment feedback. of money. However, they would only support him if he made ’s son and successor as Lord 12. The Restoration. concessions to them. Cromwell Protector, gave way to the Restoration. 13. Recap of Y7 History. 1641 The Grand Remonstrance – Parliament sent the king a list of their George Monck A Royalist who later served the 14. Recap of Y7 History. grievances against him. Parliamentarians, responsible for the 1642 Charles attempted to arrest 5 members of Parliament – they fled Restoration. and the Civil War began as each side raised armies. Charles II Charles I’s eldest son, succeeded his Core Text: 1647 Charles was captured and handed over to Parliament. father as king after the Interregnum. Key Stage 3 History by Aaron 1648 After escaping, Charles reignited the Civil War, but was beaten Famous quotes: Wilkes: Renaissance, before the end of the year. Oliver ‘I tell you, we will cut off his head with Revolution and Reformation 1649 Charles put on trial for treason and executed. Cromwell, 1649 the crown upon it!’ 1653 was established when Cromwell disbanded the Oliver Cromwell ‘I did not all myself to be the ruler of and made himself Lord Protector. England… I just tried to do the right Key Assessment 1658 Cromwell died and was succeeded by his son, Richard, as thing, for God and for the people.’ Key Assessment 6 – Was Protector. A Bristol ‘The days of Oliver were marvellous Oliver Cromwell a hero or a 1660 Restoration of the Monarchy, Charles II becomes king. Baptist, 1685 days of prosperity, freedom and villain? peace.’