Annual Report 1991-92

ANNUAL REPORT 1991-92

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ATOMIC ENERGY REGULATORY BOARD

BOMBAY ATOMIC ENERGY REGULATORY BOARD

Shri S.D. Soman ... Chairman

Dr. R.D. Lele ... Member Consultant Physician and Director of Nuclear Medicine, Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, Bombay.

Dr. S.S. Ramaswamy ... Member Retd. Director General, Factory Advice Service & Labour Institute Bombay.

Dr. A. Ciopalakrishnan ... Member Director, Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute Durgapur

S.Vasant Kumar ... Ex-officio Chairman, Member Safety Review Committee for Operating Plants (SARCOP), Bombay

Dr. K.S. Parthasarathy ... Secretary Dy. Director, AERB

Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Vikram Sarabhai Bhavari, Anushakti Nagar, Bombay-400 094. ATOMIC ENERGY REGULATORY BOARD

The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board was constituted on November 15. 1983 by the President of India by exercising the powers conferred by Section 27 of the Atomic Energy Act 1962 (33 of 1962) to cany out certain regulatory and safety functions under the Act The regulatory authority (Annexure-I) of AERB is derived from rules and notifications promulgated under the Atomic Energy Act 1962 and Environmental Protection Act 1986 The mission of the Beard is to ensure that the use of ionizing radiation and nuclear energy in India does not cause undue risk to health safety and the environment The Board consists of a full time Chairman, an ex-officio Member, three part time Members and a Secretary The bio-data of its members is given in Annexure-ll AERB is supported by th? Advisory Committees for Proiect Salety Review (ACPSRs one for the nuclear power projects and the other for heavy water projects) Ihe Safely Review Committee for Operating Plants (SARCOP) and Salety Review Committee for Applications ol Radiation (SARCARt The memberships of these committees are given in Annexure-lll The ACPSR recommends to the AERB. issuance ot authorisations at different stages of DAE plants after reviewing submissions from plant authorities and based on the recommendations of the associated Design Safety Committees SARCOP enforces salety stipulations in the operatfng units of DAE The SARCAR recommends procedures to enforce radiation safet, in medical, industrial and research institutions using radiation and radioactive sources AERB receives advice from two independent Committees — Advisory Committee on Radiological Protection and Advisory Committee on Nuclear Safety These Committees are composed of technical experts from AERB. DAE and institutions outside DAE These Committees advise the Board on generic issues and are not involved in the day-to-day functions such as issuing authorisations, carrying out inspections, etc The administrative and regulatory mechanisms which are in place ensure multi-tier review by the best experts available nationwide These experts come from reputed academic institutions and governmental agencies. The AERB Secretariat has seven Divisions and one Section. (Annexure-IV). The Heads of Divisions constitute the Executive Committee which meets every month with Chairman, AERB in the chair, and takes decisions on important policy matters related to the management of the Secretariat of the Board CONTENTS

SUMMARY _

SAFETY REVIEW OF NEW PROJECTS —

SAFETY REVIEW OF OPERATING PLANTS UNDER DAE — Safety committees —

Restrictive Actions on Plant Operations

Review of Safety Related Unusual

Occurrences —

Regulatory Inspections —

Radiological Safety

Licensing of Operating Staff —

Rehabilitation of Madras Atomic Power Station Units — Raising the Power Level of Fast

Breeder Test Reactor —

Dose Reduction to Radiation Workers —

International Nuclear Event Scale —

SAFETY STANDARDS AND GUIDES —

REGULATORY PROCEDURES, DEVELOPMENT

AND IMPLEMENTATION — 7

New ICRP Recommendations — 7

Safety Review of Nuclear Ship — 7

X-ray Legislation _ 7

SAFETY REVIEW COMMITTEE FOR APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION — 7 AUTHORISATION ISSUED DURING THE YEAR (nuclear power projects) — 8 AUTHORISATION ISSUED DURING THE YEAR (other projects) — 8

SAFETY REVIEW COMMITTEES/ WORKING GROUPS — 9 INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Inter Agency Project

Asian Reference Man

International meetings, training courses, workshops and seminars

Participation of AERB personnel in technical meetings/seminars

Participation in the IAEA database on transport safety

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER CODES AND DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Codes in the Area of Nuclear Safety

Probabilistic Safety Analysis

Software Development

Probability distribution of the number of fuel channels

Analysis of Occupational Exposures

AERB SAFETY RESEARCH PROGRAMMES

TRAINING COURSES, SEMINARS, WORKSHOPS

AERB NEWSLETTER AND PUBLIC INFORMATION PROGRAMME

PAPERS PUBLISHED OR UNDER PROCESSING

ANNEXURE I — STATUTORY RESPONSIBILITIES OF AERB

ANNEXURE II — BIODATA OF BOARD MEMBERS

ANNEXURE III— COMMITTEES ASSISTING AERB OF AERB

ANNEXURE IV — ORGANISATION STRUCTURE Summary

The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) has enforced radiological safety stipu'ations nationwide and requirements of radiological, nuclear and industrial safety in the units operated by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). The Board held four meetings to take decisions of radiological safety significance. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) — the non-governmental exp3rt body which reviews the scientific literature on biological effects of ionizing radiation and issues recommendations — has issued its new recommendations recently. The Board has decided to implement the new ICRP recommendations in a phased manner. Appropriate Safety Directives have been issued to all institutions in this regard. AERB is the nodal agency for implementing the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) International Nuclear Events Scale. The Events classified by the operating units were scrutinised by AERB for its approval. Waste Management practices followed in different installations in the country have been reviewed Irom the view point of radiological safety and statutory requirements. Officials from AERB inspected different installations operated by DAE and audited the status of radiological, nuclear and industrial safety. SARCOP has enforced safety in DAE units by imposing regulatory restrictions and by periodic monitoring of reports submitted by Health Physics Division, BARC and by the Inspection Section (Factories Act), BARC AERB inspected various Nuclear Power Plants and ensured that these plants were operated safely by performing the safety functions such as safety surveillance, qualifying (licensing) requisite stalf to man these units and acquisition and dissemination of safety information. Nuclear Power Projects under construction and commissioning were kept under close monitoring from safety view point. Based on the regulatory procedures laid down by AERB, a three tier safety review was conducted Authorisation at each significant stage was issued to Nuclear Power Corporation (NPC) with required conditions considered necessary by AERB based on the safety review. The Division of Radiological Protection offered assistance to AERB in overseeing radiological protection in 3200 institutions which included industrial, medical and research establishments using radiation sources. Twenty-four authorisations and licences have been given to various installations during the year. It includes, Narora Atomic Power Station Units 1 and 2, Heavy Water Plants and other nuclear facilities including the expansion projects of the Nuclear Fuel Complex. The authorisations were given after reviews of safety reports and other related documents by Working Groups, Design Safety Groups and appropriate Advisory Committees. The licences issued were under Section 6 of the Factories Act read in conjunction with Section 23 of the Atonic Energy Act" '-i T *a four documents approved by AERB during the year include standard specifications and safety gui^ JH. Approval of Competent Persons under the Atomic Energy (Factories) Rules, has been done for different operating plants under the Indian Rare Earths Limited, Heavy Water Board, Nuciear Fuel Complex & Uranium Corporation of India Limited. AERB has extended financial support to carry out safety research projects in eight institutions. The topics cover assessment and management of environmental risks, radiobiological investigations, development of materials for dosimetry, reactor safety and radiation protection dosimetry. These projects were being carried out in universities, Radiotherapy Departments and Research institutions. AERB offered financial assistance to professional associations and Institutions to hold safety related seminars and symposia. Indian Association for Radiation Protection (IARP), the Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, the Indian Society for Radiation Physics and the Indian Aerosol Science and Technology Association and Institute of Science, Bombay have benefited by this programme. AERB has contributed to the public information programme by holding press conferences, issuing press releases and also publishing the quarterly newsletter. Mailing list of the newsletter has been expanded to include several premier scientific and academic institutions and consumer organisations nationwide. The draft version of Radiological Protection Rules was reviewed and modifications were incorporated in the light of the new ICRP recommendations 1990. Sanction has been obtained from the government for construction of new office building for AERB having approx. 4450 m2 area in Anushaktinagar. Architectural drawings have been finalised and tender notice has been published. SAFETY REVIEW OF NEW PROJECTS was a major fire incident in 6.6 KV switchgear on 13.9.91 which resulted in damage and need for re- Narora Atomic Power Plant Unit No. 1 (NAPP-1) was placement of start up transformer of the unit. The inci- authorised to raise power upto 100% level after a re- dent was investigated in detail by Nuclear Power Cor- view of its operation at 85% power level. The plant will poration and a report was received by AERB. be authorised to operate continuously at 100% Full Power (FP) after it has demonstrated satisfactory op- Presently the civil engineering designs of Kaiga- eration at 100% FP. 1&2, Rajasthan Atomic Power Project — 3 & 4 and Tarapur Atomic Power Project — 3 & 4 are being re- Subsequent to hot conditioning of NAPP Unit No. 2 viewed by AERB. Most of the Design Basis Reports of (NAPP-2) in the end of previous year, AERB, after de- Kaiga-1 &2 arid Rajasthan Atomic Power Project — 3 & tailed reviews, authorised fuel loading, heavy water 4 have been reviewed. The Design Basis Report of addition and then the initial criticality of the unit. The TAPP-3&4 is being reviewed in accordance with the initial criticality was successfully achieved on Octo- review basis developed by Civil Engineering Design ber 24, 1991. By the end of the year the unit was Safety Review Committee. The report on seismotecto- authorised by AERB to synchronise and operate upto nics and design basis earthquake for Kaiga-1 &2 has 50% power level after review of low power reactor been reviewed by the Expert Committee constituted by physics tests, system commissioning tests, reactor AERB. The work of the Committee is completed and operation at low power etc. report has been accepted by the Board In view of the earthquake event felt at Narora on Officers from Civil Engineering Section, AERB 20.10.91 AERB mandated certain checks and tests undertook seven regulatory inspections in Kaiga Ato- prior to startup of NAPS-1 (which was shutdown at the mic Power Proiect — Units 1 & 2. The numbers of time of the event) and prior to initial criticality of NAPS inspections in Rajasthan Atomic Power Project — Un- 2 its 3 & 4 and Tai apur Atomic Power Project — Units 3 & Design review by Project Safety Committees for •\ were three and one respectively. Kaiga Atomic Power Plant, Rajasthan Atomic Power The Project Design Safety Committee (PDSC) tor Station 3 & 4 and Tarapur Atomic Power Station 3 & 4 is Heavy Water Projects (HWP) met on several occasions also in progress. during the year to review HWP, Manuguru The Com- Kakrapar Atomic Power Project Unit No 1 (KAPP-1) mittee visited the site twice. The Advisory Committee constructional activities were nearly completed by for Project Safety Review for Heavy Water Projects met end of the year. Safety review for conducting hot con- once during the year. Based on the recommendations ditioning of its primary heat transport system was com- of the committees authorisation was initially issued for pleted and clearance for the same was given. There the film formation of exchange unit-1 of the main plant,

Members of AERB at Kakrapar Atomic Power Project. original contains 2 color illustrations- subsequently for operation of exchange unit-1 at a SI. Name of the Safety No. of meetings pressure of 14 Kg/sq.cm. and finally for operation of exchange units I & II at the design pressure. No. Committee(SC) held in 1991 Based on the recommendations of the Project De- (1) Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) 4 sign Safety Committee for HWPs and Advisory Com- (2) Safety Review Committee for Oper- 37 mittee for Project Safety Review for HWPs, authorisa- ating Plants (SARCOP) tion was issued to HWP, Hazira for continuous opera- (3) Unit Safety Committee (SC) for tion of streams A & B. (3.1) Tarapur Atomic Power Station 7 (3.2) Rajasthan Atomic Power Station - 11 Authorisation for operation of Purnima III zero ener- Madras Atomic Power Station gy research reactor was extended for one more year for (3.3) Heavy Water Plants in Operation 4 completing the experiments in the existing core con- (3.4) BARC (Reactor) 10 figuration and to take up experiments with modified (3.5) Metallurgical Operation 4 core configuration. Safety assessment and review for (3.6) Fuel Reprocessing & Nuclear Waste 4 modification was carried out for clearance by AERB. Management (3.7) Modular Laboratory 5 SAFETY REVIEW OF OPERATING PLANTS UNDER (3.8) Engg. Halls 3 OAE (3.9) BARC (Traffic) 7 Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) looked af- (3.10) Nuclear Fuel Complex 2 ter safety with regard to the operating plants of the (3.11) Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Re- 6 Department Atomic Energy (DAE) and ensured that search /Central Waste Management Facility these plants were operated safely by performing the (3.12) Uranium Corporation of India Limited 1 safety functions namely safety surveillance, qualifying (3.13) Indian Rare Earths Limited 2 (licensing) requisite staff to man these units and ac- (4) Two new standing committees constituted by quisition and dissemination of safety information. SARCOP during 1991 are - (a) Personnel Pro- tective Equipment Standardisation Committee The number of occasions on which the different and (b) Vikrarn Sarabhai Bhavan Safety Com- safety committees met during the year 1991, to review mittee. Each the committees met 3 times each safety related issues are given below: during the year.

The AERB expert committee to review the report on seismotectonics and the design basis earthquake for Kaiga Units 1 & 2 at Kaiga site. Extreme right: Dr. S.K.Guha, Retd. Joint Director, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune. Fourth from right : Shri P.L.Nerula, Director, Landslides and Seismotectonics, Geological Survey of India, Lucknow; Second from left: Prof. A.R. Chandrasekaran, Department of EarthquakeV Engineering, University of Roorkee. Safety Committees Dhruva was rendered unavailable between July 10 and August 8, 1991. Taking serious view of the Saiety reviews were carried out in multi-tier system incident SARCOP stipulated on 18.9.91 the de- of safety committees (SCs) namely local safety com- licensing for 3 months of the operating staff re- m ittee (Station Operation Review Committee), Unit SC, sponsible for carrying out the OTO valve slip for Safety Review Committee for Operating Plants (SAR- normalising the ECC system. COP) and AERB in the order of hierarchy; the principle followed was that the safety issues of greater significance were given further consideratione in higher (c) IRE: Taking note of the deteriorating radiological level committees. status in the IRE Thorium Plant, Trombay, SAR- COP stipulated on 27.11.91 shutting down of the Decisions of the Board and SARCOP were enforced plant if condition did not improve before February, and fc.'iuw-up actions taken by AERB Secretariat. 1992. Restrictive Actions on Plant Operations: (d) Kakiapar Atomic Power Project: The helper of a Based on safety reviews, AERB-SARCOP had put Contractor at KAPP died due to fall from height. conditional restrictions on plant operations on a few The Contractor's work was suspended pending occasions to ensure the health and safety of person- investigations. He was allowed to continue the nel. The issues which led to the enforcement of such work only after implementing the recommenda- regulatory actions were the following: tions of the Investigation Committee.

(a) Dhruva: Taking note of the increasing trend in fuel ; failures at Dhruva and sub-committee s report on Some important safety issues Reviewed: this, AERB - SARCOP stipulated on 14.8.91 lower- ing of burn up level progressively over a period of (a) Bifurcation of earlier Technical Specifications for 3 months and screening out causative factors con- RAPS MAPS and TAPS into station policies and tributing towards observed fuel failures. Technical Specifications for plant operations seg- regating key safety issues, was approved by (b) Dhruva: Due to improper state of valves left after a SARCOP. quarterly test, emergency core cooling system at

Or. A. Gopalakrishnan (extreme left), Member, AERB in the Shri S.D Soman, Chairman, AERB at the IRE Plant, Manava- Control Room of Narora Atomic Power Station lakurichi (Kerala). (b) A committee was constituted by SARCOP to review ihe guidelines for declaration of plant and Stations No. of Dates of Inspections in site emergency subsequent to the declaration of inspections 1991 plant emergency in MAPS-1 on 7.3.91 on high TAPS March 7-8 & July 11-12 tritium activity in moderator room during a mainte- RAPS April 19-20 & August 20-22 nance job in reactor shut-down state. NAPS March 14-15 & August 4-6 (c) Flooding incident in BARC campus due to unpre- FBTR June 18-21 cedented rains from June 7-10, 1991 was reviewed for incorporation of necessary measures to The remedial actions to remove the following de- prevent recurrence of similar incident. ficiencies observed during inspections in various plants were initiated. (d) Review of collective doses for RAPS and MAPS was done with a view to limit these. (1) The capability of some electrical breakers / switches / relays to perform requisite protective (e) Decision on the request for permission to raise functions should be tested as per technical spe- operating power level of RAPS-1 from 50% to 75% cifications. This was not done. (TAPS) full power was deferred to a later date by SARCOP, considering the embrittled state of RAPS-1 end (2) Surveillance requirements for leak rate testing shield and pending completion of review by was not fulfilled in TAPS. This is being done in Health and Safety Group of NPCIL. current shutdown. (f) Enhanced inservice inspection and replacement (3) Some instruments were not calibrated as speci- programme of coolant channels were stipulated fied under surveillance requirements (RAPS). by SARCOP as one pressure tube in RAPS-2 was (4) The status of combined particulate and iodine suspected to have contacted calandria tube, and removal system in the reactor depressurisation taking note of the report on coolant channel con- duct was not known to the control room as a result tact time. of some procedural deficiencies (RAPS). Review of Safety Related Unusual Occurrences (5) The surveillance requirements regarding th.e test- (SRUORs): ing of iodine filters in the depressurisation duct Occurrence of an incident or plant condition result- were not fulfilled (MAPS). ing in the degradation of structures, systems or com- (6) Neither Technical Audit Engineer nor an Indust- ponents important to safety and/or affecting or having rial Safety Engineer required for the plant was the potential to affect the health and safety of plant designated (FBTR). personnel and/or public, is called safety related unusual occurrence (SRUO), referred earlier as safety Radiological Safety related incident. Radiological safety surveillance of all the operating The safety related unusual occurrence reports units of DAE was done on a continuing basis and the (SRUORs) received from all the DAE units were re- environmental impact from the operation of DAE in- viewed in depth by the safety committees and where- stallations was assessed by the environmental survey ver felt necessary SARCOP enforced restrictive ac- laboratories through the Health Physics Division, tions on plant operations as mentioned earlier. There BARC. The radioactivity released to the environment were three deaths due to industrial accidents during during 1991 from DAE installations was well within the current year. One of them was due to electric the specified limits. shock, another due to fal I from height. In the third case, a worker was fatally injured when caught between the Licensing of Operating Staff: excavator bucket and tipper. AERB assessed the staff for operating the plants as per the norms and qualified / requalified them for a Regulatory Inspections: specified period, as licensed personnel, to ensure Periodic inspections of Nuclear Power Plants were that the plants were being operated by the competent carried out under the surveillance programme to en- people. sure that there was no Unsafe conditionsexistingat the site, plant operation was as per the approved station The positions for which licences were issued in- policies, and AERB stipulations and records I docu- cludes, Senior Shift Engineer, Junior Shift Engineer, mentations were being maintained properly. Shift Engineer, Assistant Shift Engineer, Junior Fuel Handling Engineer, Shift Charge Engineer, Assistant Regulatory inspections carried out during 1991 Shift Charge Engineer and Control Engineer. Totally were as follows: 105 persons were licensed during the year. tl

The installations included nuclear power stations, International Nuclear Event Scale: heavy water plants and nuclear research reactors. AERB is the national nodal agency to implement the International Nuclear Event Scale. The scheme Rehabilitation of Units 1 and 2 of Madras Atomic Power aims to evoive a common understanding between Station. specialists in the Nuclear industry, public and the media. The events are rated on a scale of 1 to 7 with 0 The calandria internal manifolds of both the units at or below scale being the event having no safety sig- Madras Atomic Power Station failed during early nificance. Level 7 denotes a major accident such as 1989. Different ways and means to rehabilitate the that at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Level 1 on reactors were proposed by Nuclear Power Corpora- the scale signifies an anomaly and refers to deviation tion of India Limited. One such proposal, which envis- from authorised functional domain. Level 1 does not aged the modification of the inlet and outlet lines of have any off site or on site impact. The event may be the calandria of the units was approved by the Board. due to equipment failure, human error or procedural After detailed review, the Atomic Energy Regulatory inadequacies. Board permitted the operation of both the units at 75% full power with appropriate modifications. On March Of the 47 events recorded during 1990 from the 22, 1991, NPCIL submitted a proposal to increase the Indian Nuclear Power Stations, 33 were rated as level power level of Madras Atomic Power Station Units -1 0 and 14 as level 1. The figures for 1991 indicate 21 and 2 beyond 75% full power by installing a third heat events in level 0 and 9 in level 1. No incident with exchanger in the moderator systems. The Board sug- potential safety consequences (level 2 or above) gested extensive analytical computations to demons- occurred during 1990 and 1991. trate the feasibility of the proposal and deferred approval to the proposal till all the analytical details The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board participated required are made available to it. actively in the programme by sending information about the events in Indian reactors to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and receiving informa- Raising the Power Level of Fast Breeder Test Reactor tion from other countries through the IAEA. (FBTR) at Kalpakkam: The Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research has SAFETY STANDARDS AND GUIDES approached the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board for raising the power of the FBTR from 1 MWt to 8.5 MWt. AERB has approved the following documents for After extensive review of the status of the reactor while publication: operating at 1 MWt and also after reviewing the 1. Compliance Assurance Programme for the Safe commissioning tests and various procedures, the Ato- Transport of Radioactive Material, AERB/SG/TR- mic Energy Regulatory Board has permitted the op- 1. eration of *he reactor to the power level of 4 MWt. 2. Standards of Safety in Transport of Radioactive Permission to raise the power level to 8 MWt will be Material, AERB/SG-TR-2. given to IGCAR after reviewing the performance at 4 MWt. 3. Procedure for Forwarding, Transport, handling and Storage of Radioactive Consignments, AERB/SG-TR-3. Dose Reduction to Radiation Workers: 4. The Industrial Gamma Radiography (Radiation The operational experience of PHWRs indicates Surveillance) Procedures (Revised Version of that significant contribution to the radiation doses to GSR-735m 1980). The draft notification has been workers arise from internal exposure to tritium. In sent to the Law Ministry for legal vetting. order to reduce radiation dose the leak tightness of the moderator and primary heat transport system 5. Safety Guide and Radiation Surveillance Proce- should be ensured at all times. Also the workers dures for Manufacture and Distribution of Con- should be indoctrinated to use protective equipment sumer Products. as and when necessary. 6. Radiological Safety for the Design and Construc- tion of Industrial and Gamma Radiography Expo- The Board also directed NPCIL to initiate decon- sure Devices and Source Changers. tamination of the internal parts of the reactors. The following Guides, Manuals, Procedures and Based on the experience of other countries with Standards are under preparation: pressurised heavy water reactors it is found necessary to replace coolant channels after the reactor 1. Safety guide on decommissioning of Nuclear operation for a few years. Regulatory Board sug- Power Plants (NPPs). gested to NPCIL to develop equipment and methods 2. Classification of Components, Systems and to replace coolant channels, Such operations have to Structures. be done remotely to keep radiation doses to vorkers 3. Quantitative Assessment of Safety Status of NPP. under control. 4. Assessment for Life Extension of NPPs. PT-t

5. Guide on Radiological Planning of Medical In- dose limit was fixed at 40 mSv for 1991 and 35 mSv stallations for 1992 for the existing plants. For all future projects 6. Safety Manual for Laser and Laser Based Instru- the dose constraint for optimization was set at 20 mSv ments. per year. In future, it is planned to hold more discussions REGULATORY PROCEDURES, DEVELOPMENT with the staff of the operating units of DAE, NPCIL and AND IMPLEMENTATION others who use radioactive materials. The recom- New ICRP Recommendations: mendation of 20 mSv/yr will be implemented in full in AERB has initiated actions, like other national and a phased, manner. The steps are also being taken to international agencies in the world, to implement the evolve constraints in medical exposures. new recommendations of the International Commis- sion of Radiological Protection -60 which limits effec- Safety Review of Nuclear Ship - SEVMORPUT; tive dose to 20 mSv per year averaged over 5 years On a reference from the Department of Atomic Ener- with the provision that effective dose does not exceed gy (DAE) and The Ministry of Environment & Forests 50 mSv in a single year. It has also recommended (MEF), nuclear and radiological safety aspects of dose constraints in medical exposures. The actions nuclear container ship SEVMORPUT were reviewed already taken include education and training, setting from the point of view of clearance for entry into Indian discharge limits, and safety directives. Under the territorial waters and ports. Stipulation for port entry education programme, a consultative meeting of ex- were specified. AERB recommended the require- perts was held on April 20, 1991. These experts were ments such as port entry plan and safety evaluation from Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited, for e'ntry into specific ports. These recommendations Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and AERB. The were conveyed to DAL" and MEF. Chairman, AERB has addressed scientific gatherings at BARC, MAPS and TAPS to familiarise them with the X-ray Legislation: new recommendations. Legislation on registration of X-ray users as a reg- For control over discharge, the radioactive ulatory requirement and inclusion of this aspect as a discharge from existing plants is already limited to schedule in the revised Radiation Protection Rules - keep the exposures within the annual limit of 1 mSv. 1971 was finalised. Wherever there is more than one unit at a site appor- tionment has been fixed for discharge from each unit SAFETY REVIEW COMMITTEE FOR APPLICA- to comply with the limit of 1 mSv for the site. Safety TIONS OF RADIATION directives were issued under which the occupational During the year, the Licensing and Appellate Com-

The Project Safety Review Committee visits the New Thorium Or. R.D. Lele, Member AERB visits Narora site hospital Plant at Orissa Sands Complex, Chhatrapur mittee (LAC) for Radiation Protection after its two year 5 Consumer Products containing Radioactive Sub- term, was reconstituted and renamed as "Safety Re- stances view Committee for Applications of Radiation" (SAR- lonisation Chamber Smoke Detectors (ICSDs) CAR). The LAC and later the SARCAR considered manufactured by M/s. Devidayal Detectors, Madras, applications for type approval of radiation sources/ M/s. Bharatiya Cacciatanza Fire Systems Ltd., Kanpur, equipment/devices manufactured in the country or M/s. G. Dataquip (P) Ltd., New Delhi and M/s. MC imported for use in the country. The committee re- Engineering Co., Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. viewed the safety analysis reports detailing the safety features in the design, and results of tests carried out 6. Radiat-on Safety Officers to demonstrate the ability of the equipment/ device to AERB approved 17 Radiation Safety Officers (12 withstand normal and accidental conditions in their use as stipulated in applicable Standard Specifica- medical and 5 industrial) of Level III for various institu- tion. Based on the recommendations of the commit- tions in the country during the year. tee, the competent authority has granted the following AUTHORISATIONS DURING THE YEAR (Nuclear approvals during the year. Power Projects) 1 Medical diagnostic X-ray units 1. Authorisation for operation of NAPP-I at power level upto 85% F.P. Interim Authorisation — Exten- a. Fifty nine combinations of X-ray diagnostic units sion. (30.04.1991) (Tube and its housing, table and generator combination) manufactured by M/s E!pro International 2. Authorisation of NAPP-I Operation at 100% F.P. Ltd., Pune and marketed by M/s. Wipro GE, (06.05.1991) Medical Systems Pvt Ltd., Bangalore. 3. Permission for loading fuel in 11 coolant channels b. Twenty seven combinations of X-ray diagnostic having estimated creep contact time of less than units manufactured by M/s. Meditronics Manufac- 10 full power years for NAPP-2. (08.08.1991). turing Company Pvt. Ltd., Bombay. 4. Authorisation for Flushing of Moderator System 2 Sealed Radioactive Sources with Sixteen tonne of Heavy Water of Narora Ato- E54434 Classification to Code W-91 Co-60 sources mic Power Unit-2.(NAPP-2)(09.08.1991) manufactured by M/s.Board of Radiation and Isotope 5. Authorisation for transfer of RAPS spent fuel bun- Technology, Bombay, based on tests carried out in dles to Away From Reactor (AFR) spent fuel stor- compliance with AERB SS-3 (1990) and the specifica- age facility at TAPS. (18.09.1991) tions of Ame-'. TI National Standards institute for special bend (•„•. 6. Authorisation for First Approach to Criticality and Phase-B Experiments of NAPP-2 (21.10.1991) 3 Medical Accelerators 7. Away from Reactor (AFR) Spent Fjel Storage a. Models Clinac 1800 and Clinac 6/100 manufac- Facility: Authorisation for transfer and storage of tured by M/s. Varian Associates USA based on additional 300 Nos. TAPS Spent Fuel Assemblies. verification of their safety features and safe opera- (21.10.1991) tion. 8. Authorisation of NAPP-1 operation upto 100% FP b. No objection Certificate for import of one unit each — Extension of validity (31.10.1991) of Clinac-600C Clinac-2100C and Clinac-2500C manufactured by M/s. Varian Association, USA 9. Authorisation for raising of NAPP Unit -2 power and supply to medical institutions in the country. upto 8% FP (08.11.1991) Type approval may be granted upon verification of 10. Authorisation for operation of NAPP — 2 upto 50% their safety features and safety in operation after FP (27.12.1991) installation. AUTHORISATIONS AND APPROVALS DURING 4 Nudeonic Gauges THE YEAR (other than nuclear power projects) a. Thickness gauging system Model: TGS 4146, The following authorisations have been issued dur- Radiometric belt weigher Model: RBW 4105 and ing the year: Gamma ray interlock system Model: GRS 4007 1. Package design approval for RAPCOF Flask to manuiac.jred by M/s. Electronics Corporation oi transport upto 3 PBq (80kCi) of Co-60 (26.04.1991) India Limited based on verification of compliance with AERB/SS-2(1990). 2. Provisional Authorisation for HWP, Manuguru to charge Hydrogen Sulphide into the Exchange b. Nucleonic Gauge source holders models SH-F1 Unit-1 for the purpose of film and SH-F2 manufactured by M/s. Ohmart Corpora- formation.(02.05.1991) tion, USA based on test reports submitted by the manufacturer. 3. Provisional Authorisation for Operation of Helium -3!_r

Plant of IRE Ltd . Udyogamandal.(08.07.1991) well as to determine the adequacy ot existing fire detection and protection systems and assess ' 4. Provisional Authorisation for part commissioning additional requirements in each of these units. The of Heavy Water Plant, Manuguru (21.08.1991) committee has visited most of the units and pre- 5. New Uranium Fuel Assembly Plant (NUFAP), pared their report for the plants visited. The final Hyderabad — Site Authorisation. (27.08.1991). report is expected to be finalised shortly. 6. Package design approval for ROLI-1 industrial A Safety Committee for gamma irradiation plants gamma radiography equipment for 1.3 PBq (35 Ci) has been constituted to review safety status, of lr-192 (05.09.1991) arrange annual inspections, investigate unusual events in gdmma radiation facilities in the country. 7. Authorisation was issued ior commissioning of Ex- Nine such plants are in operation in different parts change Unit-1 of Heavy Water Project, of the country for diverse purposes such as ster- Manuguru.(10.09.1991) ilisation of medical products, food irradiation, 8 Extension of authorisation for operation of PURNI- wood plastic composite preparation and re- MA-III (16.10.1991) search. 9. Certificate of Authorisation for use of Dry Storage/ A Working Group (WG) was constituted to review Shipping Cask for transport of TAPS Spent Fuel the report of the site evaluation committee consti- between Tarapur Atomic Power Station, Tarapur tuted by Heavy Water Board. The Committee ex- and Away from Reactor Spent Fuel Storage Facil ity amined the adequacy of procedures adopted for (AFR), Tarapur (29.10.1991) site evaluation, to review site related specific administrative and design measures and tests/ 10. Site Authorisation for Titanium Sponge Project checks required, if any. The working group discus- (TSP) at Palayakayal (Tuticorin), Tamil Nadu sed the report submitted by the Heavy Water (07.11.91) Board for the proposed project sites at Aonla and 11. Commercial operation of the gamma radiation Vijaipur. It subsequently visited the sites. The con- facility at Sriram Applied Radiation Centre, Sri ram sequences likely to occur due to the maximum Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi with en- credible accident at the LPG storage complex of hanced source strength of 11.1 PBq (300 kCi) of M/s GAIL at the site at Vijaipur were evaluated. The Co-60 (16.12.1991). liquefaction potential at the Aonla site was reviewed. Based on these the Working Group re- 1^ Com.riercial operation of the gamma radiation commended the sites for further considerations. facility at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore with enhanced source strength of 7.4 A WG was constituted to prepare a safety manual PBq (200 kCi) of Co-60 (16.12.1991) for laser and laser based instruments. The WG met several times and its report is under finalisation. 13. Commissioning of 20 MeV microtron injector unit of INDUS-1 facility at Centre for Advanced Tech- INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES nology, Indore (13.01.1992). Inter Agency Project: 14. Nine shipment approvals under special arrange- An Inter Agency Project on " Assessment and Man- ment provisions were issued to transport radioac- agement of Health and Environmental Risks from In- tive materials with strict operational controls. dustries in Trans Thane Creek Area" started last year in collaboration with Maharashtra Pollution Control SAFETY REVIEW COMMITTEES/WORKING Board, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Indian Insti- GROUPS tute of Technology, Bombay and Thane Belapur Indus- * A committee was appointed by Chairman, AERBto tries Association was continued. A continuous review the existing fire fighting facilities in various ambient air quality monitoring equipment was set up DAE units. The committee was required to identify at the plant of HICO Products Ltd. for collection of data major fire hazards, study their consequences and on sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and carbon the requirement of fire detection and protection monoxide. A meteorological station set up for this pur- system based on the nature of hazards, to review pose at the BARC Complex, Vashi was functional. the fire detection, prevention and protection sys- Liquid effluent samples covering 77 major and tem and the adequacy of the same including the medium scale industries in Trans Thane Creek area, manpower available. The committee initially pre- liquid samples from two major nullahs in Pawane and pared a check-list for collecting information about Sanpada and three samples of Thane Creek Water at the existing fire detection and protection systems various locations were collected and analysed. A in different units of DAE as well as determining the questionnaire to be filled up by physicians, hospitals fire potential existing in each of these units. After and general public in the area was finalised. The leg- obtaining the replies to the check list the commit- islation prevailing in other countries with respect to tee visited different units to assess fire potential as safety and environment was collected. A working group on Hazardous Waste Management was consti- Reference Asian man jointly organised by IAEA. tuted AERB and ICRP. BARC. Bombay during April 8-12. 1991 The hazard identification of the storage area in five industries by using the Dow Index method was com- 5 IAEA meeting of Nuclear Safety Standards Advis- pleted In each industry the most hazardous storage ory Group (NUSSAG). Vienna, during April 8-10. was identified and hazard and operabihty study was 1991 conducted for the pipeline leading from the storage tank to the reactor vessel Maximum credible accident 6 Inter-regional Training Course on Evaluation and scenarios have been established with respect to these Feedback of Safety Related Experience in the Op- storages Hazard reduction measures has also been erations of Nuclear Power Plants, organised jointly suggested for some industries by IAEA. Canada and USA in Canada during June 15-27.1991 to deliver lectures on (a) Regulatory Asian Reference Man- Requirements for Safety Related Events in India India is one of the participants in the IAEA coordin- and (b) Evaluation and Feedback of Safety Re- ated project to evolve a Reference Asian Man which lated Events in India may be different from the ICRP Reference Man. The Reference Man is an average adult used as a common Participation of AERB personnel in Technical Meetings biological basis for estimating radiation doses from Seminars: the given intake of any radionuclide To assess the 1. As a Consultant in the IAEA Consultancy Meeting progress in the project, the first research coordination on decommissioning guide book, "Policy. Reg- meeting jointly organised by IAEA. AERB and BARC ulation and Planning for Decommissioning Large was held in BARC during April 8-12.1991 The partici- Nuclear Facilities". Vienna during November 4- pants of the meeting included the principal investiga- 8, 1991 tors from seven countries namely Bangladesh, China, India. Indonesia. Japan. Malaysia and Philippines and 2. Technical Committee Meeting on the Exchange of representatives from IAEA, and ICRP A number of Operational Safety Experience of PHWR, orga- other scientific workers from India and Japan also nised jointly by CANDU Owners Group and IAEA participated Dr CM Sunta, the Director, RSD, AERB in Argentina during April 3-5, 1991. participated as a principal investigator from India. The 3. Technical Committee Meeting on Experience with papers presented by the principal investigators show the use of Plant Specific Safety Indicators, in Vien- that the average weight of an adult varies from average na during November 18-20, 1991. of 50 kg in India to about 62 kg in Japan as against 70 kg ICRP Reference- Man. The average height varies 4. Second Peer Discussion on Regulatory Practices from 162.8 cm in India to 169.9 cm in Japan for males relating \o monitoring and assessment of Aging 150 1 cm to 151 in Japan and China for females as Nuclear Plant organised by IAEA in Vienna during against 170 cm for man and 160 cm for females of ICRP Dece.nber 9-11, 1991. Reference Man. ICRP proposes to use scaling factors correlating the parameters of the European/North 5. Chemical Safety Seminar and DAE Safety Profes- American adult with other typical populations for the sionals meet organised by the Heavy Water Board purpose of deriving Secondary Standards of radiation at Heavy water Plant, Kota during July 24-27,1991. protection appropriate for different population groups. 6. Radiation Protection Development — Radiation Protection Advisory Team (RAPAT) follow-up — International meetings trri• n ncj couiscs Wr.rkjji-'op'* Radiation Protection Legislation, Hanoi, as an ex- Seminars pert, Vietnam, during Nov. 11-22, 1991. Officers from AERB served as members of the facul- 7. Senior Experts meeting for the revision of Basic ty of the following IAEA Training Courses: Safety Standards of IAEA during Jan 6-10.1992 and Feb. 24-28, 1992, 1. IAEA Regional Training Course on Safety and Reg- ulation of Radiation Sources, Kuala Lumpur, pai.o':';1 :u 'AE.A i )..r, i:v so or" '•.-• •; • ••: ">. •(•;>, Malaysia, October-November, 1991. 1. EVTRAM — Events in the Transport of Radioactive 2. IAEA — RCA Training Course on Safety Aspects in Material Industrial Application of Radiation Sources, Bom- 2. SHIPTRAM — Shipments of radioactive materials bay, December, 1991. 3. EXTRAM — Radiation exposures occurring as a 3. IAEA Technical Committee Meeting / International Workshop on Procedural Guide for Integrated Risk result of the Transport of Radioactive Material Management for Large Industrial Areas, Tel Aviv, 4. PACKTRAM — Package design approval certifi- November 1991. cates. 4. IAEA Research Coordination meeting to evolve a 5. Review of IAEA documents on transport safety and 10 related activities of IAEA's Standing Advisory pose. A package of programmes has also been pre- Group on the Sate Transport ot Radioactive Mate- pared for retrieval of the information such as the status rial (SAGSTRAM) of implementation etc. on the decisions on the topic and sub-topic of interest, or the decisions where a DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER COOES AND particular person or institutions has to take action, etc. Similar work has been done in respect of the stipula- DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS tions specified with various authorisations. Codes in the area of Nuclear Safety: The acquisition of a PC/AT 386, provided impetus to A programme to carry out an objective type test was the development of analytical computer codes. In this prepared. This will be useful in computer-aided in- year, computer codes were developed for the follow- struction of radiation workers or other professionals to ing types of analyses: be authorised or licensed by the Board. i) Code for combination of uncertainties of compo- The software packages to prepare Pie charts, Bar nents and systems, for arriving at overall function- charts, Graphs and for plotting of documents were al uncertainty range. prepared during the year. ii) Code for small break loss of coolant accident in Probability distribution of the number of good fuel chan- our PHWRs. nels: iii) Code for blowdown of vessel type reactors after At present in-service inspections of fuel channels of large and medium breaks. a nuclear power reactor are being carried out on an empirical and subjective basis. Statistical analysis iv) Code for evaluating effects of rapid reactivity ex- has been successfully carried out to optimise the in- cursions in light water reactors with feedback spection requirements. effects. A number of computer codes were taken up for fu- Analysis of occupational exposures: ture development. These codes deal with: Analysis of occupational radiation exposures to va- v) Environmental effects of airborne discharges of rious categories of radiation workers was carried out. radioactive pollutants from single source, allow- This helps to identify the ranges of radiation doses in ing for diverse atmospheric effects. each category of radiation workers. The trends in the vi) Fracture mechanics assessment of fatigued and radiation exposure data can be closely monitored. This will be of help in issuing Safety Directives to overstressed mechanical structures. introduce the new recommendations of the ICRP in a vii) Flexibility analyses of piping systems. phased manner.

Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA): AERB SAFETY RESEARCH PROGRAMMES: Probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) is a technique One of the important functions assigned to AERB is which helps tc calculate the probabilities of undesir- to promote safety research. Major thrust of AERB prog- able events in nuclear power plants or in industrial rammes is put on safety related research work in power plants. In the process, the design weaknesses medical institutes and other academic institutions. of a plant are brought into focus. It thus helps to evolve Opportunities to do research in areas like medical a safer design. physics and radiological physics are lacking in non- AERB had set up a Committee to coordinate the PSA DAE institutions. work in different DAE units and also four working The main objective of the Safety Research Program- groups to develop methods for carrying out specific mes is to motivate physicists and scientists to do re- tasks. search in the areas of radiological, nuclear and indust- Research is also being carried on in AERB to study rial safety and to encourage inter-disciplinary activi- the effects of common cause failures (CCFs), i.e. fai- ties. This is very important for the safe use of radiation lures of more than one component because of a com- in various fields. mon cause. Obviously CCF analysis is important be- During the year AERB Safety Research Committee cause unless they are considered, probabilities of fai- sanctioned the following projects. lures are likely to be underestimated. Work has been 1. Development of Activation Analysis Technique for carried out to study the effect of CCFs on the probabil- Determination of Trace Elements in Environmental ity distribution of the probability of failures. Samples — NEERI, Nagpur (Rs. 5,28,200). Software Development: 2. Assessment and Management of Health and En- A system has been developed for the follow-up of vironmental Risks from Industries in Thane Creek the decisions of the AERB. A comprehensive data Area — Inter Agency Project (Rs. 3,91,200). base structure has first been developed for this pur- 3. Effect of Low Dose Radiation during Intrauterine 11 and Early Post-natal Development of Mouse — Radionuclides in Biological and Environmental Kasturba Medical College, Manipal (Rs. 83,100). Samples. — organised by Nuclear Chemistry Divi- sion, The Institute of Science, Bombay 4. Assessment of Clastogenicity of Low LET, Low (Rs.10,000). Dose and Dose Rate Radiation in Mice — Jawa- harlal Nehru University, Delhi (Rs. 42,850). 3. 18th Annual Conference Organised by Indian Association for Radiation Protection — Theme : 5. Studies on Environmental Radiations and Pollu- Radiological Impact of Nuclear Power Stations on tions around Mysore'— Mysore University (Rs. Environment and Population at Tarapur — Febru- 5,32,000). ary 14-16, 1991 (Rs.10,000). 6. Thermoluminescence in Low Z-compounds — 4. Third Annual Conference of Indian Aerosol Scien- Nagpur University, Nagpur (Rs. 1,28,100). ce and Technology Association — Theme : The 7. Patient Dosimetry : A. i) Rectal and Bladder Doses Role of Aerosols in Occupational Health. — in Intra Cavitary Applications and ii) Oesophageal (Rs.5,000). Dosimetry. B. Finger Tip Dosimetry of the Staff 5. Ninth symposium of Indian Society of Radiation Working in Brachytherapy and Isotope sections — Physics (Nov. 27-29,1991)—ISRP, BARC R.N.T. Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur (Rs.10,000) (Rs. 44,500).

8. Analysis of Core Disruptive Accidents in Fast TRAINING COURSES, SEMINARS, WORKSHOPS Breeder Reactors — LIT. Bombay (Rs. 2,48,160). * A One-day workshop on the safe transport of Funding for Seminars / Symposia / Conferences radioactive materials was organised on March 18, were a part of the safety research programme. The 1991 to provide and update information on current following Seminars / Symposia /Conferences were transport safety standards and procedures to the funded during the year: concerned individuals and agencies involved in radioactive material transport in the country and to 1. Two day Seminar on Response Spectrum Method reapprise them of their role. Participants included for Seismic Analysis of Structures, Components representatives from Ministry of Surface Transport, and Piping by Prof. A.K. Gupta, University of North Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Indian Air- Carolina, U.S.A. —organised by Indian Society of lines, Air hdia, Shipping Corporation of India, Rail- Earthquake Technology, Bombay (Rs. 5,000). ways, Customs, Port Trust, suppliers of teletherapy 2. Third International Conference on Low level equipment, industrial radiography organisations Measurements of Actinides and Long-lived and various units and undertakings under Depart-

Dr. C. M. Sunta, Director, Radiation Safety Division Dr. S.S.Ramaswamy, Member, AERB planting a sapling at ^dressing at National Seminar on Radiation Protec- Narora Atomic Power Station site. m, Standards and Implementation 12 ment of Atomic Energy. As a follow up, the Railways spective site agency for safety awareness among have agreed to include radioactive packages in workers. their Red Tariff Book. A Workshop on Radon exposures in underground * Two-day National Seminar on Radiation Protection non-uranium mines was organised by AERB on 20- Standards and Implementation supported by the 12-91 at UCIL Jaduguda to familiarise the mining Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences, Depart- agencies with Radon environment in underground ment of Atomic Energy was organised by AERB on non-uranium mines. The participating mining 17th and 18th January 1991 at the Central Labour agencies included Uranium Corporation of India Institute, Sion, Bombay. This was the first Seminar Limited, Directorate General Mine Safety, Central organised on this topic, through Hindi medium. Mining Research Station, Central Mine Planning Over 130 medical physicists, research scientists, and Design Institute, Hindustan Copper Limited, radiologists, oncologists, nuclear engineers, non- Coal India Limited and Hindustan Zinc Limited. destructive testing experts and technocrats from The importance of controlling radon levels in mine various research, medical, nuclear and industrial was brought to the notice of the participating orga- institutions attended. nisations. An exhibition to educate the public was also orga- AERB organised a workshop on June 3, 1991 to nised during the seminar. In this exhibition, about 40 review the work on radon exposure measurements charts presented the biography of an atom who intro- in dwellings in India. The average exposure was duces himself and tells about his misuse by mankind found to be 3.1 q 0.68 mSv/yr. In the panel discus- and that he could be used for the welfare of mankind sion at the end of the workshop, it was recom- provided safety is observed while using him. mended to survey larger number of houses. In order to have uniform measuring technique, a Task * An one-day seminar on January 11,1991 was orga- Group of specialists was constituted. The report on nised by AERB on containment leak testing at Dhru- "Methods for the measurement of Radon, Thoron va, BARC. Representatives from NPPs, corporate and Their Short Lived Daughters" has been re- office of NPCIL, AERB and BARC participated in ceived for publication as an AERB document. The the seminar. survey work is expected to be taken up by various * Two saiety workshops were held at Kakrapar on universities/other laboratories. The four centres March 13 and at Heavy Water Project Kota during namely, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Indira March 22-23, 1991 respectively. These workshops Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Uranium Cor- were initiated by AERB and organised by the re- poration of India Limited and Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur will coordinate the work.

The exhibition during the workshop at Jaduguda on Radon Exposures in the underground non-Uranium mines 13 AERB NEWSLETTER AND PUBLIC INFORMATION PAPERS PUBLISHED OR UNDER PROCESSING: PROGRAMME 1. A paper titled "Attenuation of Air Pollution by As a part of its public information programme AERB Greenbelt — Optimisation of Density of Tree published four issues of Newsletter during the year. Plantation" prepared by Shri V.K. Gupta and The Newsletter covered the activities of the Board Dr.R.K. Kapoor war presented in the 5th Interna- during the year besides important topics such as tional Conference JD Precipitation Scavenging radiation safety in medical institutions and research and Atmosphere — Surface Exchange Processes institutes, regulatory aspects of nuclear power, en- held in Washington, USA, during July 15-19,1991. vironment, safety culture, nuclear power worldwide, radon in homes among others. Copies of the Newslet- 2. A paper titled "Greenbelt to Reduce Consequ- ter have been supplied free to several academic and ences of Reactor Accidents" prepared by Shri V.K. research institutions, news agencies and newspapers. Gupta and Dr. R.K. Kapoor and a paper titled "Space-time concept for Establishment of In- Members of the Board's Secretariat participated in tervention Levels for Off-site Radiation television programmes and contributed to the public Emergencies" prepared by Shri V.K. Gupta and information programmes of AERB. They have also et.al. have been accepted for presentation in the addressed several professional associations to en- 8th IRPA8 —International Radiation Protection lighten them on the activities of AERB. Members of the Conference, held in Montreal, Canada during May Board addressed a Press Conference at Bombay dur- 17-22, 1992. ing the year. 3. A paper titled "Environmental Transfer Factor — A pamphlet to educate the public on precautions to Status" prepared by Shri V.K. Gupta was pre- be taken in case of X-ray examination is being final- sented in the National Symposium on environ- ised. The pamphlet advises the members of public to ment' BARC, Trombay during February 3-5, 1992. get X-rayed when it is essential and in an installation 4. For the National Symposium on "Safety of Nuclear which has been checked for safety by experts. Power Plants and Other Facilities" at BARC, Trom-

Shri R. K. Batra, General Manager, Heavy Water Project, Hazira receiving the AERB Safety Award in the category "Production Units (Nuclear Power and Heavy Water)". Crther awarcJ^es were Kaiga Atomic Power Project for Construction Units, Indian Rare Earths Limited, Manavalakurichi Plant for Production Units (Others), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research for Research Units (R & D) and Reactor Service and Maintenance Division, BARC and Power Reactor Fuel Repro- cessing Plant for Research Units (Industrial) bay during March 11-13, 1992, three papers were 6. A papertitled'Transuranic Radiation Sources and presented from AERB. The titles and authors of Characteristics — Their Impact on Hot Lab. these papers are. as follows: Design" by Shri T.N.Krishnamurthi et. al. was pre- (1) Probabilistic Safety Criteria — An Approach sented at the Ninth National Symposium on Radia- — by Shri V.K. Gupta tion Physics (NCRP-9), Hyderabad, 27-29 Decem- ber 1991. (2) A Study on the Role of Human Factor in the Safety of Nuclear Facilities, — by S/Shri A.N. 7. A paper titled "New ICRP Dose Limits and Pros- Sarma, Ram Sarup and P. Hajra pects for Itslmplementation in Nuclear Fuel Cycle" (3) Safety Issues of Nuclear Power Plants — An by Shri A.U. Sonawane, Dr. R.N.Kulkarni, Shri Overview, — by Shri P. Hajra T.N.Krishnamurthi and Dr. C.M.Sunta was submitted for the 19th Annual Conference of Indian Asso- A paper "Regulatory Practices in India for Estab- ciation of Radiation Protection, Bombay, March lishing Nuclear Power Stations" by Prof. A.K. De 3-5, 1992. and Shri S.P. Singh has been accepted for publication in Nuclear Safety (in Press).

Members of the Board addressing the Press Conference

15 Annexure — I Annexure — II

STATUTORY RESPONSIBILITIES OF AERB BIODATA OF THE MEMBERS 1. Exercising the powers conferred by Section 27 of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962, the Central Govern- ment has constituted the AERB to carry out regulatory and safety functions under Sections 16,17 and 23 of the Atomic Energy Act. AERB has jurisdiction over all the units of the Department of Atomic Ener- Shri S. D. Soman gy and all radiation installations in the country. 2. Sections 16 and 17 refers to control over radioactive substances and special provisions for safety. Section 23 empowers the Board with administration of Factories Act, 1948 including enforcement of its provisions, appointment of inspection staff and making of rules in the installations of DAE. 3. Chairman, AERB has been appointed as the Com- petent Authority under the following safety related Shri S. D. Soman, Chairman, Atomic Energy Regula- rules : tory Board was born in June 1931. After obtaining 1. Radiation Protection Rules, 1971. M.Sc. (Physics) from Nagpur University in 1953 he 2. Atomic Energy (Safe Disposal of Radioactive joined the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research as Wastes) Rules, 1987 Research Assistant in the Nuclear Spectroscopy Group and later the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre 3. Atomic Energy (Factories) Rules, 1984. in 1955. He was trained in Canada, USA and UK from 4. Atomic Energy (Working of the Mines, Minerals 1956-57. He took over as Head, Radiation h'lzards and Handling of Prescribed Substances) Control Section of the Health Physics Division in 1963, Rules, 1984. as Head, Health Physics Division in 1973, as Associ- 4. AERB is also empowered to perform the functions ate Director.Radiological Group in 1984 and as Direc- under Sections 10(1) (powers of entry) and 11(1) tor, Health and P^.fety Group from June 1987, looking (powers to take samples) of Environmental Protec- after the scientific work of Health Physics Division, tion Act, 1986 and Rule 12 (agency to which in- Division of Radiological Protection and Inspection formation on excess discharge of pollutants to be Section (Factories Act). He has been a Member of the given) of the Environmental Protection (Amend- Safety Review Committee of the Department of Atomic ment) Rules, 1987. Energy till June 1987. He is a Member of theTelether- apy Committee of the Ministry of Health since 1983. 5. Section 52 of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollu- In 1975 Shri Soman was honoured with tion) Act, 1981 has specifically stated that in rela- "PADMASHREE". He received the "Environmentalist of tion to radioactive air pollution the provisions of the Year" award for the year 1985-86 from CHEMTECH Atomic Energy Act, 1962 (33 of 1962) will apply. Foundation. He was Scientific Secretary for the Third 6. Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) International Conference on peaceful uses of Atomic Rules, 1989 state that these rules will not apply to Energy held at Geneva (1964). radioactive wastes (Rule 2(e)). The radioactive wastes are covered under the provisions of Atomic He was deputed as a Technical Expert to the Gov- ernment of Chile for six months in 1970. He was Energy Act, 1962 and rules made thereunder. elected Member of the Executive Council of Interna- 7. Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous tional Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) for Chemicals Rules (1989) under the Environmental 1977-84. He was a Member of Committee-4 of the Protection Act, 1986 has notified AERB as the au- International Commission on Radiological Protection thority to enforce directions and procedures as per during 1979-88. He participated in many Advisory/ Atomic Energy Act, 1962 (Rules 2(b) and 3). Consultants meetings at the International Atomic Ener- gy Agency, Vienna dealing with radiation protection in nuclear fuel cycles and siting of nuclear power plants. He has wide ranging of interests in Radiological Protection and Environmental Sciences. He has published several papers and reports. He has also presented many scientific papers in the national and international conferences/symposia. Dr. A. Gopalakrtshnan Or. R. D. Lele

Dr. A. Gopalakrishnan, Director, Central Mechanic- Dr. R. D. Lele, MBBS, DTM&H (England), MRCP al Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur was born (London), FRCP (London), Member, Atomic Energy in 1937. After graduating from the University of Kerala Regulatory Board is currently Consultant Physician in Electricai Engineering he successfully completed and Director, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jaslok the training course at BARC in 1959. He took MS (1966) Hospital and Research Centre, Bombay. After his and Ph.D. (1969) in nuclear engineering from the Uni- MBBS degree he joined the Hyderabad State Medical versity of California, USA. He worked as Scientific Service in 1950. He won distinction in his professional career as Reader in Medicine, Medical College, Nag- Officer in Reactor Physics Group, BARC (1959-61); { Project Manager/Research Associate in US Atomic pur, Prof. & Head of Department c Medicine in Gov- Energy Commission/University of California (1961- ernment Medical College, Aurangabad, Government 66); Senior Research Engineer, CETEC Corporation, Medical College, Nagpur and Grant Medical College California. Project Manager, US Naval Radiological and Sir J. J. Hospital, Bombay. During 1972-73 he Laboratory Project at University of California (19681 worked as Dean, Grant Medical College of Sir J.J. 69); Associate Nuclear Engineer, Argonne National Group of Hospitals. He is very active in professional Laboratory, (1969-73); Programme Manager and associations such as Association of Physicians of In- Acting Assistant Director, Electric Power Research In- dia, Society of Nuclear Medicine, India and Diabetic stitute, California, (1973- 76). Association of India. Dr. Lele has authored 100 scientific publications and three books. He was honoured He worked on planning and execution of major nuc- with "PADMA BHUSHAN" during the year. lear reactor safety projects in collaboration with US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. From 1976 to 1986 he served Bharat Heavy Electricals as Deputy General Manager, General Manager and Executive Director. After a brief assignment in Defence Research and Dr. S. S. Ramaswamy Development Organisation as Project Director he joined the Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur as its Director. Hisarea of expertise includes nuclear reactor safety analysis, heat transfer, reliability and failure analysis, energy systems and planning and execution of remote operation and robo- tic systems. Dr. S. S. Ramaswamy, Member, Atomic Energy Reg- ulatory Board is Retd. Director General of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institute. He was born in January, 1926. He did his Ph.D. (Chemistry) from the University of Munster (West Germany). He underwent special training in Max Planck Institute for Nutritional Physiology (1957-59). Dr. Ramaswamy worked as Director (Research) in the Central Labour Institute. He was Deputy Director General responsible for research and training in all aspects of occupational health and safety. He is in the Board of Governors of the Loss Prevention Association of India Limited and the National Safety Council (India) and in the Scientific Advisory Committee of the National Institute of Occu- pational Health (Ahmedabad). Dr. Ramaswamy has published over 50 articles and reports in national and international scientific journals. 17 Annexure III The members of the Advisory Committee for Prc ject Safety Review (Power Projects) Shri S. Vasant Kumar Shri S. M. Sundaram, — Chairman Chairman Chief Executive & Chairman, Heavy Water Board, Vikram Sarabhai Bhavan, Bombay-400 094. Shri S. Vasant Kumar, Vice-Chairman Committee for Operating (Ex-Officio) Plants, Shri S. Vasant Kumar, Chairman, SARCOP and Ex- Chairman, Safety Review ecutive Director of Operating Plants Safety Division in Central Complex, the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board is an ex-officio AERB, Bombay-400 085. member of Board. Shri Anil Kakodkar, — Member Director, Reactor Design & After graduating in Chemical Engineering from Indi- Development Group, an Institute of Science, Bangalore, he joined the BARC, Bombay-85. second batch of training school at the Atomic Energy Dr. D. V. Gopinath, — Member Establishment, Trombay in 1958. Director, He has wide experience in the field of spent fuel Health, Safety & Environment reprocessing and has made significant contribution in Group, the areas of Process Engineering and Instrumentation BARC, Bombay-85. Design and Development. He has actively partici- Shri L. V. Krishnan, — Member pated in the design, installation, commissioning and Head, Safety Research Laboratory / operation of the first reprocessing plant at Trombay Health & Safety Laboratory, and subsequently in the design of the Power Reactor Indira Gandhi Centre for Fuel Reprocessing Establishment (PREFRE) Plant, Atomic Research, Tarapur. Madras-603102. He was responsible for introducing the Compute- Prof. J. B. Doshi — Member rised Data Acquisition Systems in the Plants at Trom- Depl. of Mechanical bay and Tarapur. Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, He contributed to the R & D activities in Reproces- Bombay-400 076. sing and Waste Management and in the design of the Dr. L. G. K. Murthy, Member Kalpakkam Reprocessing Plant (KARP). For KARP, he (Ex-Officio) successfully developed a package for the Computer Director, Health & Safety, Aided Design (CAD) for the piping in the process Nuclear Power Corporation, cells. Bombay-400 094. Dr. S. Maudgal, — Member He has participated in many national and interna- Advisor (IA), tional conferences and was a member of the Interna- Ministry of Environment tional Working Group for Reprocessing Plant Safe- & Forests, guards constituted by the International Atomic Energy Paryavaran Bhavan, Agency, Vienna. NewDelhi-110 003. Shri R. K. Narayan, — Member Member (Thermal), Central Electricity Authority, Sewa Bhavan, NewDelhi-110 066. ShriV. K. Goel, Member Secretary, Central Boilers Member Board, Dept. of Industrial Development, Ministry of Industry, Udyog Bhavan, NewDelhi-110 011.

18 -ifj

Annexure III (Contd..,) Safety Review Committee for Operating Plants

Chairman of the Safety — Member Shri S. Vasant Kumar, — Chairman Committee Executive Director, for the Project under review. Operating Plants Safety Division, Two representatives from — Member Atomic Energy Regulatory Board Organisations responsible for Bombay the Project under review. Shri Ch. Surendar, — Vice-Chairman Shri G K. De — Member Director (Engg.) 500 MWe Dy. Director, Group, Nuclear Safety Division, Nuclear Power Corporation AERB, Bombay. Bombay Shri A. K. Asrani — Member - Shri A. Kakodkar, — Member Secretary Director, Reactor Design & Dy. Director. Development Group, Nuclear Safety Division. BARC, Bombay AERB. Bombay. Dr. L G. K. Murthy, — Member Director, Health & Safety Group, Nuclear Power Corporation, The Advisory Committee for Project Safety Bombay Review (Heavy Water Plants) Dr. K. C. Pillai, — Member Head, Health Physics Division, Shri R.K. Garg, —Chairman BARCBombay Chairman, RAC, Shri S. P. Mukherjee, — Member Defence Research and Engineering Manager (Process), Development Heavy Water Board, Organisation, Bombay Ministry of Defence, Shri K. R. Srinivasan, — Member New Delhi Head, Theoretical Physics Division, Shri H.K. Sadhukhan. —Chairman, PDSC BARCBombay Director, Chemical Engineering Shri A. K. Asrani, — Member Group, BARC. Bombay Dy. Director, Nuclear Safety Shri S.P. Singh, — Vice-Chairman Division, Head, Nuclear Safety Division. Atomic Energy Regulatory Board AERB, Bombay Bombay Shri N. K. Jhamb, — Member-Secretary Prof. SB. Chandelia, — Member Operating Plant Safety Division, Head, Chemical Engineering Atomic Energy Regulatory Board Department, Bombay University Department of Chemical Technology, Bombay Shri D.M. Thakre, — Member The membership of the Safety Review Committee General Manager (HWP), for Applications of Radiation RCF, Thai. Alibag, Dist. Raigad, Snri A. Nagaratnam, — Chairman Maharashtra Emeritus Scientist, Defence Metallurgical Research Shri R.K. Bhargava, — Member Laboratory, Hyderabad Director (E&D), Shri E. B. Ardhanari, — Member Heavy Water Board, Bombay Assistant General Manager (QC), Dr. K.C. Pillai, — Member Walchandnagar Industries, Walchandnagar, Head. Health Physics Division, Maharashtra BARC. Bombay Dr. V. Dilip Kumar, — Member Shri M.P. Khosla, — Member Chief of Radiation Oncology, General Manager Jaslok Hospital, Bombay (Co-ordination), Heavy Water Board, Bombay

19 Dr. K. Narayana Rao, — Member Annexure III (Contd...) (Formerly, Director, Chemical Group, BARC and Dr. P. S Iyer, — Member Chairman, Licensing & Appellate Head. Medical Advisory and Committee for Radiation Control Section, Protection, Division of Radiological Protec- AERB) tion, BARC, Bombay Dr. D. Singh. — Member Dy. Director. Shri A. K. Kohli, — Member Radiation Safety Division. Refuelling Technology Division. AERB, Bombay BARC, Bombay Dr. I. S. Sundar3 Rao, — Member-Secreta Dr. D Singh. — Member Dy. Director, Dy Director. Radialion Safety Division. Radiation Safety Division. AERB, Bombay AERB. Bombay Dr G Venkalaraman, — Member Head, Industrial Advisory and Controi Section, Advisory Committee on Nuclear Safety Division of Radiological Protection, Shri P N ArumugharrT, — Chairman BARC. Bombay Formerly Executive Direclor (Quality), Stiri R. R. Wamorkar, — Member BHEL NDT Society of India, Bombay Shn K C Vaishya — Member Dr I. S. Sundara Rao, — Member - Secretary General Manager, Dy. Director, Pomu Sector, Radiation Safety Division. Project Engineering AERB, Bombay Management, BHEL, New Delhi Dr. S. K. Guha, — Member Advisory Committee on Radiological Retd. Joint Director, Protection Central Water and Power Research Station, Dr K. Sundaram, — Chairman Pune. (Formerly Director, — Member Bio-medical Group,BARC) Shri R. B. Bambhani, Joint General Manager, Shri R. G. Deshpande, — Member Chief Executive, L & T Limited, Board of Radiation and Powai, Bombay Isotope Technology, Shri S. K. Chatterjee, — Member Bombay Executive Director (P), NPC, Bombay Prof. P. C. Kesavan, — Member Shri S. K. Merita, — Member Professor and Dean, Director, School of Life Sciences, Reactor Group, Jawaharlal Nehru University, BARCBombay New Delhi Dr. Arvind Kulkarni, — Member Shri D. K. Dave, — Member Head, Radiation Oncology, Dy. Director, Bombay Hospital, Bombay Nuclear Safety Division, AERB, Bombay Shri A. S. Prasad, — Member Senior Research Manager, Shri S. P. Singh, — Member - Secret Research & Development Head, Nuclear Safety Division, Division, AERB, Bombay TISCO, Jamshedpur * Since dec .ised Annexure - IV

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE OF AERB

ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

ADVISORY BODIES

AERB CHAIRMAN SECRETARIAT AERB BOARD STANDING COMMITTEES EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

SAFETY REVIEW COMMITTEE FOR OPERATING PLANTS (SARCOP)

V ADMINISTRATION. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER SHRI A. MOHAMMED ALI 2. CIVIL ENGINEERING SECTION. HEAD DR. P.C. BASU 3. INDUSTRIAL SAFETY DIVISION. HEAD SHRI P.K. GHOSH 4. LIGHT WATER REACTOR DIVISION. HEAD SHRI S.P. SINGH 5 NUCLEAR SAFETY DIVISION. 6. OPERATING PLANTS SAFETY DIVISION. EXEC. DIR. SHRI S.V. KUMAR 7. RADIATION SAFETY DIVISION. DIRECTOR DR. CM. SUNTA 8. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL HEAD DR. K.S. PARTHASARATHY SERVICES DIVISION.