Union Calendar No. 479

Home , Adrian Severin, Arnaud de Borchgrave, Austrian Americans, Bruce Lehman, Charles Aubrey Eaton, Dante Fascell

105TH CONGRESS REPORT 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 105–838 !"

LEGISLATIVE REVIEW ACTIVITIES

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS

A REPORT

FILED PURSUANT TO SECTION 136 OF THE LEGISLATIVE REORGA- NIZATION ACT OF 1946 (2 U.S.C. 190d), AS AMENDED BY SECTION 118 OF THE LEGISLATIVE REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1970 (PUB- LIC LAW 91–510), AS AMENDED BY PUBLIC LAW 92–136

JANUARY 2, 1999—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 69–006 WASHINGTON : 1999 COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York, Chairman WILLIAM F. GOODLING, Pennsylvania LEE H. HAMILTON, Indiana JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa SAM GEJDENSON, Connecticut HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois TOM LANTOS, California DOUG BEREUTER, Nebraska HOWARD L. BERMAN, California CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York DAN BURTON, Indiana ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American ELTON GALLEGLY, California Samoa ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida MATTHEW G. MARTINEZ, California CASS BALLENGER, North Carolina DONALD PAYNE, New Jersey DANA ROHRABACHER, California ROBERT E. ANDREWS, New Jersey DONALD MANZULLO, Illinois ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey EDWARD R. ROYCE, California SHERROD BROWN, Ohio PETER T. KING, New York CYNTHIA A. MCKINNEY, Georgia JAY KIM, California ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida STEVE J. CHABOT, Ohio PAT DANNER, Missouri MARSHALL ‘‘MARK’’ SANFORD, EARL F. HILLIARD, Alabama South Carolina BRAD SHERMAN, California MATT SALMON, Arizona ROBERT WEXLER, Florida AMO HOUGHTON, New York STEVE ROTHMAN, New Jersey TOM CAMPBELL, California BOB CLEMENT, Tennessee* JON FOX, Pennsylvania BILL LUTHER, Minnesota* JOHN MCHUGH, New York JIM DAVIS, Florida* LINDSEY GRAHAM, South Carolina LOIS CAPPS, California* ROY BLUNT, Missouri KEVIN BRADY, Texas* RICHARD BURR, North Carolina* RICHARD J. GARON, Chief of Staff LAURA L. RUSH, Professional Staff Member

* These members did not sit for the entire 105th Congress.

(II) LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Washington, DC., January 2, 1999. Hon. JEFF TRANDAHL, Clerk of the House of Representatives, Washington, DC. DEAR MR. TRANDAHL: I enclose herewith a report for the 105th Congress of the Legislative Review Activities of the Committee on International Relations in accordance with section 136 of the Legis- lative Reorganization Act of 1946, as amended by section 118 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, as amended by Public Law 92–136. With best wishes, Sincerely, BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, Chairman.

(III)

FOREWORD

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Washington, DC, January 2, 1999. Under rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives and section 136 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, the Com- mittee on International Relations is authorized to exercise continu- ous surveillance of the execution by the executive branch of laws within the committee’s jurisdiction. The review of ‘‘oversight’’ activities of the Committee on International Relations was augmented by the adoption of section 118 of the Legislative Reorga- nization Act of 1970 (Public Law 91–150), as amended by Public Law 92–136. This provision requires standing committees of the House and the Senate after January 1, 1973, to make reports to their respective Houses on their activities in reviewing and studying the ‘‘application, administration, and execution of those laws or parts of laws, the subject of which is within the jurisdiction of that committee.’’ House committees are required to file such reports ‘‘not later than January 2 of each odd-numbered year.’’ It is in fulfillment of the obligation of the Committee on International Relations to ac- count to the House for its legislative review activities during the 105th Congress that this report has been prepared and submitted. The report was prepared by Laura L. Rush, Professional Staff Member.

(V)

C O N T E N T S

Page Letter of Transmittal ...... III Foreword ...... V I. Introduction: Oversight in the foreign affairs field ...... 1 A. Authorities for legislative review ...... 1 B. Recent oversight development in the Committee on Inter- national Relations ...... 3 C. Oversight activities and criteria ...... 5 D. Oversight activities of the committee—105th Congress ...... 6 II. General review activities of the committee ...... 12 A. Executive branch reports ...... 12 B. Reference documents: 1. Legislation on Foreign Relations ...... 13 2. Legislative Calendar ...... 13 C. Study missions and participation in international conferences and events ...... 13 III. Summaries of legislative activities by full committee and subcommittees 14 IV. List of hearings and markups by full committee and subcommittees 23 A. Full committee ...... 23 B. Subcommittee on Africa ...... 29 C. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific ...... 31 D. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade ...... 33 E. Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights .. 35 F. Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere ...... 37 Appendixes: I. Hearings published by the Committee on International Relations during the 105th Congress ...... 39 II. Witnesses before full committee and subcommittees during the 105th Congress ...... 49 A. Congressional—1997 ...... 49 B. Executive Branch—1997 ...... 50 C. Non-Governmental—1997 ...... 56 D. Foreign Dignitaries and U.S. Officials—1997 ...... 70 E. Congressional—1998 ...... 71 F. Executive Branch—1998 ...... 72 G. Non-Governmental—1998 ...... 77 H. Foreign Dignitaries and U.S. Officials—1998 ...... 89 III. Committee Origins and History ...... 93 IV. Meetings of the Committee on International Relations from 64th Con- gress through 105th Congress ...... 97 V. Members of the subcommittees of the Committee on International Rela- tions ...... 101 VI. Chairmen of the House International Relations Committee ...... 103 VII. Committee on International Relations legislative progress chart ...... 105

(VII) Union Calendar No. 479

105TH CONGRESS REPORT 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 105–838 "!

LEGISLATIVE REVIEW ACTIVITIES

JANUARY 2, 1999.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed

Mr. GILMAN, from the Committee on International Relations, submitted the following

REPORT

I. INTRODUCTION: OVERSIGHT IN THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS FIELD A. Authorities for Legislative Review The responsibilities and potentialities of legislative review are re- flected in the multiple authorities which are available to the Com- mittee on International Relations. The most prominent is section 118 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 (Public Law 91– 510):

LEGISLATIVE REVIEW BY STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (a) Scope of assistance. In order to assist the Congress in— (1) Its analysis, appraisal, and evaluation of the application, administration, and execution of the laws enacted by the Con- gress, and (2) Its formulation, consideration, and enactment of such modifications of or changes in those laws, and of such addi- tional legislation, as may be necessary or appropriate, each standing committee of the Senate and the House of Represent- atives shall review and study, on a continuing basis, the application, administration, and execution of those laws, or parts of laws, the subject matter of which is within the jurisdiction of that committee. Such committees may carry out the required analysis, appraisals, and evaluation themselves, or by contract, or may require a Government agency to do so and furnish a 2 report thereon to the Congress. Such committees may rely on such techniques as pilot testing, analysis of costs in compari- son with benefits, or provision for evaluation after a defined period of time.1 A second type of authority fostering legislative review is the special oversight granted by the House Committee Reform Amend- ments of 1974 (H. Res. 988, approved Oct. 8, 1974). Special oversight, which is intended to enable committees to conduct comprehensive oversight of matters directly bearing upon their speci- fied responsibilities even if those matters fall within the jurisdiction of other standing committees, permits an expansion of the legislative review jurisdiction of a committee. The Committee on International Relations currently has special oversight jurisdiction in four areas under clause 3(d) of House Rule X. 3. (d) The Committee on International Relations shall have the function of reviewing and studying, on a continuing basis, all laws, programs, and Government activities dealing with or involving customs administration, intelligence activities relating to foreign policy, international financial and monetary organizations, and international fishing agreements. Frequently reporting requirements in legislation obligate various agencies, directly or through the President, to submit reports of certain activities to the Committee on International Relations to the Speaker of the House, who then transmits them to the committee. The House Committee on International Relations is the recipient of one of the largest quantities of required reports from the executive branch. In addition to the authorities noted above, the congressional budget process provides the committee with another important tool for oversight. Pursuant to section 301(c) of the Congressional Budg- et and Impoundment Act of 1974, each standing committee of the House is required to submit to the Committee on the budget, no later than March 15 of each year, a report containing its views and estimates on the President’s proposed budget for the coming fiscal year. This requirement affords the committee and its subcommittees the opportunity to review those items in the President’s budget which fall under the committee’s jurisdiction, and to establish possible guidelines for subsequent action on authorizing legislation. A final authority which can have an impressive oversight impact is implicit in the authorization process. Regular and frequent reau- thorization of programs or agency operations by committees pre- sents the opportunity to investigate administrative personnel hir- ing and promotion practices, agency organization, employee development and benefit programs, policy guidance, and administrative rules and regulations regarding the implementation and execution of policy, among other items. The authorization process also permits program evaluation, an important oversight technique. The legislative review activities of the Committee on Inter- national Relations are sanctioned by various and extensive authorities—the basic mandate of the 1970 Legislative Reorganization Act, the broadened jurisdiction and special oversight provided by the

1 Section 701 of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (Public Law 93–344) amended the original mandate and authority of the 1970 act by adding the last two sentences regarding program review and evaluation. 3 House Committee Reform Amendments of 1974, statutory reporting requirements, and the authorization process. B. Oversight Developments in the Committee on International Relations During the 95th Congress, the committee received jurisdictional authority over export controls involving nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware, and international commodity agreements involving cooperation in the export of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware. This new jurisdictional authority was provided for by House Resolution 5, which passed the House on January 4, 1977. In the 96th Congress, the committee’s jurisdiction was not en- larged. However, the committee in its organization for the 96th Congress reduced the number of subcommittees from nine to eight. Deleted was the Subcommittee on International Development whose jurisdiction included: (1) dealing with the Agency for Inter- national Development and other U.S. agencies’ operations affecting development; (2) administration of foreign assistance; (3) oversight of multilateral assistance programs; (4) population and food programs; and (5) legislation and oversight with respect to the Peace Corps, which was subsumed by the full committee. The subcommittees for the 96th Congress, representing a mix of geographical and functional responsibilities, were as follows: Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Af- fairs; Subcommittee on International Operations; Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East; Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade; Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs; Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs; Subcommittee on Africa; and Subcommittee on International Organizations. In the 97th Congress, the subcommittees remained the same with the exception of the Subcommittee on International Organiza- tions, whose name was changed to the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations, in order to delineate clear- ly its jurisdiction over the subject of human rights. In the 98th Congress, the subcommittees remained the same, however, the name of the Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs was changed to the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs. In addition, a special task force was created under the aegis of the full committee, the Task Force on International Narcotics Control. The purpose of this task force was to provide oversight of narcotics- related developments and programs over which the committee has jurisdiction pursuant to rule X of the Rules of the House, which included the following: Narcotics control programs conducted by the Department of State; Narcotics-related projects carried out by the Agency for International Development (AID); Overseas activities of the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), the Department of Defense; and the U.S. Customs Service; Narcotics control programs carried out by international organizations; Intelligence issues related to narcotics trafficking and control; Prisoner exchange programs and their im- 4 pact on U.S. narcotics control efforts; Narcotics interdiction programs and agreement; Narcotics-related efforts by the U.S. Infor- mation Agency; and Relationship between international banking/financial transactions and narcotics trafficking. Because of the importance of narcotics control issues, the Task Force was reconstituted every six months through the 102nd Con- gress. Subcommittee structure remained the same for the 99th Con- gress; however, the name of the Subcommittee on International Se- curity and Scientific Affairs was changed to the Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security and Science. This change was made to reflect the committee’s and subcommittee’s concern over the important issues of arms control. The jurisdiction of the subcommittee was redefined in the rules of the Committee on Foreign Affairs to read, ‘‘To deal with * * * all aspects of arms control and disarmament with particular emphasis on the investigation and evaluation of arms control and disarmament proposals and con- cepts; * * *’’. Under the Rules of the House, the Committee on International Relations has jurisdiction over issues involving international terrorism pursuant to rule X of the Rules of the House, paragraphs (I)(1), (I)(4–10), and (I)(12–16). For the 99th Congress, two subcommittee jurisdictional changes were made to reflect the committee’s concern with international terrorism. The Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security and Science was given jurisdiction over ‘‘* * * international terrorism with special focus on the U.S. Government’s policies and programs for combating international terrorist movements and actions; * * *’’. The Subcommit- tee on International Operations jurisdictional responsibility was redefined to include ‘‘* * * international terrorism with special emphasis on policies and programs relating to the enhancement for embassy security and the protection of U.S. personnel and institutions abroad; * * *’’. In addition, two subcommittees had language added to their respective definitions providing responsibility for oversight of international communication and information policy. Lastly, the Sub- committee on Human Rights and International Organizations was given the responsibility for international law. No changes were made in subcommittee structure or jurisdiction for the 100th, 101st, or 102nd Congresses. In the 103rd Congress, the Committee was required by the Rules of the Democratic Caucus to reduce the number of subcommittees from eight to six. However, due to concern about retaining a subcommittee with exclusive focus on Africa, the Committee received a waiver of Rule 35(B) of the Democratic Caucus and retained seven subcommittees. The Subcommittee on Arms Control, Inter- national Security, and Science, and the Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations were merged to create the Subcommittee on International Security, International Organiza- tions, and Human Rights. The jurisdiction of that subcommittee was essentially a merger of the jurisdictions of the two subcommittees. However, specific reference to ‘‘* * * law enforcement issues to include terrorism and narcotics control programs and activities * * *’’ was added to the jurisdiction of the subcommittee, thereby 5 consolidating all jurisdiction over narcotics and terrorism in one subcommittee. The Committee also added specific reference to environmental issues to the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Inter- national Economic Policy and Trade and changed the name of the subcommittee to the Subcommittee on Economic Policy, Trade, and Environment to reflect that addition. In addition, jurisdiction over the operating expenses of the Agency for International Develop- ment and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency was added to the Subcommittee on International Operations. Finally, the Committee made minor conforming changes to the names of two of its regional subcommittees. In the 104th Congress, pursuant to H. Res. 6, passed January 4, 1995, the name of the Committee was changed from ‘‘Foreign Af- fairs’’ to ‘‘International Relations’’. In addition, the number of subcommittees was decreased from seven to five. The Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations, and Human Rights, and the Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East were dissolved. The Europe and Middle East Subcommittee jurisdiction was reabsorbed by the full Committee. The Subcommittee on Eco- nomic Policy, Trade, and Environment dropped ‘‘environment’’ from its title, returning its name to the ‘‘Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade.’’ The Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations, and Human Rights and the Subcommittee on International Operations were combined, with a name change to ‘‘Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights’’. No changes were made in subcommittee structure or jurisdiction for the 105th Congress. C. Oversight Activities and Criteria The oversight activities of the Committee on International Rela- tions include a variety of instruments and mechanisms—full committee and subcommittee hearings, members’ and staff study missions abroad, special Congressional Research Service studies, and General Accounting Office assistance and reports in the field of international relations. Committee and subcommittee hearings may be conducted for nu- merous purposes and may simultaneously serve more than one function, i.e., oversight, legislation, or public education. Thus, oversight may exist even when the hearing is not explicitly intended for that purpose. The criteria for determining whether a hearing per- forms the oversight function were identified by the House Select Committee on Committees in 1973 and are as follows: 2 (1) To review and control unacceptable forms of bureaucratic behavior; (2) To ensure that bureaucracy implements the policy objectives of the Congress; (3) To analyze national and international problems requiring Federal action; and (4) To determine the effectiveness of legislative programs and policies.

2 U.S. Congress, House. Select Committee on Committees. Committee Reform Amendments of 1974. Report, 93rd Congress, 2d session, March 21, 1974 (H. Rept. No. 93–916, Part II). 6 These same purposes help to define other committee activity which relates to its legislative review function. It should be noted that not all such activity can be included in this report. Oversight may occur informally, not only through the formal processes and mechanisms noted above. Informal discussions between committee members and executive branch officials may constitute oversight in certain instances as may staff examination of agency activity and behavior and staff consultation with agency personnel apart from the normal hearing process. In summary, the legislative review activities of the House Com- mittee on International Relations for the 104th Congress rely on extensive authorities embodied in the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 and reinforced through the authorization process, subsequent legislation, and reporting requirements. D. Oversight Activities of the Committee on International Relations—105th Congress The following section is set out in compliance with Clause (1)(d)(3) of Rule X. Almost all of the Committee’s day-to-day activities, including hearings and informal meetings, involve oversight of the Adminis- tration or afford the Committee the opportunity to learn of the impact of the Administration’s foreign policy on foreign nations. The Committee’s Oversight Plan is set out below in full. Al- though the Committee did not accomplish each and every planned oversight item, most of them were accomplished to some degree, some with hearings, others by way of staff work. (Adopted by the Committee, February 11, 1997).

COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OVERSIGHT PLAN Rule X, clause 2(d) of the Rules of the House of Representatives requires that each standing Committee adopt an oversight plan for the two-year period of the Congress and to submit the plan to the Committees on Government Reform and Oversight and House Oversight not later than February 15 of the first session of the Congress. Rule XI, clause 1(d) requires that the Committee report, at the end of each Congress, on the recommendations made with respect to its oversight plan and any recommendations made or actions taken thereon. This is the oversight plan of the Committee on International Relations for the 105th Congress. I. General A. Meetings with foreign political leaders. The Committee’s ongoing program of informal and formal meetings with foreign political leaders gives it the opportunity to explore the effectiveness of United States foreign policy. B. Meetings with Administration officials. The Committee’s informal meetings with Administration officials allow Members and staff to explore the effectiveness of the Administration’s implementation of foreign policy. C. Review of matters relating to the possible influence on Amer- ican foreign or economic policy arising out of donations apparently 7 originating from foreign sources; review of security, confidentiality, and conflict-of-interest procedures and related matters. II. International Security/UN/Peacekeeping/General A. Review of Chemical Weapons Convention & implementing legislation. B. Oversight of arms transfer procedures and legislation, including implementation of H.R. 3121. Review of specific major proposed arms sales, such as F–16 sales to Indonesia or Saudi Arabia. C. Peacekeeping oversight including command and control issues; special attention to the status of the international peacekeeping effort in Haiti, and to the U.S. military involvement in Bosnia. D. ‘‘Rogue Regimes’’—Review of the problems of security threats from so-called ‘‘rogue regimes’’ that have or could gain the power to create or use weapons of mass destruction. E. Nunn-Lugar program—Review implementation of program aimed at dismantlement and destruction of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons in the Former Soviet Union. F. Review of START I implementation, START II ratification, and the prospects for START III. G. Review of Demarcation and Multilateralization Agreements to Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. H. Review of Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty and possible revisions thereof. I. Review of Nonproliferation Sanctions Regimes. J. Other nonproliferation and disarmament topics: 1. Effectiveness of International Atomic Energy Agency. 2. Status of Fissile Material Production Ban. 3. Review effectiveness of existing and proposed nuclear weapon free zones in Latin America, the South Pacific, Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. 4. Status of land mine ban negotiations. 5. Compliance with arms control agreements. 6. The disposition and elimination of excess weapons-grade plutonium stores worldwide. K. Security Assistance—Review effectiveness and implementation of security assistance programs including foreign military fi- nancing, economic support fund, international military education and training, and non-proliferation and disarmament fund and other ‘‘spigots’’. L. UN Reform/Arrearages. M. International crime issues. 1. Russian organized crime, and the international response to it, as well as its impact on American and other investments in Russia and elsewhere. N. Oversight of agency implementation of the Government Per- formance and Results Act (‘‘GPRA’’). O. Narcotics oversight. 1. The emerging heroin crisis and the Administration’s plans for dealing with it. 2. Source nations strategy, with special attention to Colom- bia and Peru. 3. Eradication efforts and their effectiveness; alternative development. 8 4. The ‘‘certification process’’ in the light of the Colombian experience. 5. Plans for riverine interdiction program. P. Terrorism/espionage oversight. 1. The AMIA (Buenos Aries Jewish Community building) bombing and the emerging threat of Islamic-fundamentalist based terrorism in Latin America. 2. Effectiveness of the US technological response to terrorism. 3. Overseas Visa lookout system in the light of the new provisions of law relative to the exclusion of aliens on membership in foreign terrorist organizations. 4. Security of US government facilities abroad, especially in the Former Soviet Union. Q. Multilateral Export Controls: post-COCOM (Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls). III. State Department and related agencies operations A. Oversight/Legislation on personnel & contractor misconduct and on the Foreign Service (update Foreign Service Act) (possibly as part of an item under (1)). B. Management of the foreign affairs agency workforce; assign- ment process; utilization of the civil service; size of the senior foreign service and senior executive service. C. Review of Administration’s planning for constrained budgets. D. Legislation regularizing consultative mechanisms between the Administration and Congress. E. Problems in the administration of foreign affairs. F. Review of smaller international organizations to which the U.S. belongs. G. Review of duplication, lack of coordination in exchange/visitor programs. H. Review of foreign affairs inspectors general. I. Review of the implementation of the ICASS (International Co- operative Administrative Support Services) system. J. Overseas property management. K. Implementation and development of staffing models. L. American Institute in Taiwan (general oversight). M. International Commissions. IV. Foreign Assistance Oversight A. Review cost, management, donor coordination and impact of U.S. foreign assistance programs. Special emphasis will be given to major aid programs in: 1. Eastern Europe, 2. The Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union, 3. Drug-producing countries, 4. Haiti, and 5. Africa. B. Review size, purpose and effectiveness of FY98 and FY99 International Affairs Function 150 budgets. Special emphasis will be given to expected Administration initiatives, such as: 1. Increased aid to the NIS, 2. Increases in the Economic Support Fund program, and 9 3. UN reform and arrears payments. C. Conduct special review of programs with noted problems fo- cusing on activities highlighted in AID Inspector General and GAO reports. Special emphasis will be given to AID— 1. Missions and Operations, 2. Credit Programs, 3. AID’s New Management System, 4. Strategic Objectives, 5. Enterprise Fund Management, and 6. The ‘‘R4’’ (‘‘Review of Resources, Requirements, and Re- sults’’) process. D. Special attention will be given to the effectiveness of programs that have consumed large amounts of Congressional attention in recent years, including: 1. Voluntary Family Planning, and 2. Child Survival V. Europe A. Periodic reviews of the region with the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs, subject to his or her availability. B. Review of US Policy towards Russia and other States of the Former Soviet Union. C. Oversight of SEED Act assistance programs. D. Enterprise Funds in Eastern Europe and the NIS. E. Developments in the Baltic Region (to assess U.S. interests and events in the Baltic states and the surrounding region.) F. Developments in Serbia & Montenegro and in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (at least one hearing will likely be in order to assess developments in those countries that could have important effects on the entire Balkans region). G. New Independent States: 1. Oversight of FREEDOM Support Act assistance program, Nunn-Lugar Assistance program, and other programs of assistance by agencies such as USIA and DOE in the New Independ- ent States. 2. US-Russian Relations. 3. Russian Relations with China. 4. Developments in the Western Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union—Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova. 5. Developments in Central Asia. 6. Developments in Armenia. 7. Developments in Russia. H. Review of NATO Enlargement process and related legislation, as well as other NATO-related issues, including internal restruc- turing of the Alliance. I. US-E.U. relations (political, security, trade and financial issues; European monetary union, and the process of European in- tegration). J. Review of Bosnia. K. Review of Cyprus. L. Review of Northern Ireland. 10 VI. Middle East A. Periodic reviews of the region with the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs, subject to his or her availability. B. Review of U.S. policy toward Iraq. C. Review of U.S. policy toward Iran. D. Review of Turkey’s role in the Middle East. E. Review of Middle East Peace Process & Aid to the Palestin- ians. F. Review of Gulf Policy [Saudi Arabia and Gulf Cooperation Council states]. G. Review of Iranian foreign policy designs in the Middle East. H. Impact of fundamentalism in the Middle East and its impact on U.S. interests. I. Review of U.S. policy towards North Africa, with special attention to Libya. J. Review of U.S. assistance to Egypt. K. Review of U.S. economic interests, and economic development in the Middle East and North Africa. VII. Asia A. U.S.-China Economic and Political Relations; options for U.S. policy toward China. B. Overview of US interests in East Asia. C. Overview of South Asia. D. AID activities in Asia. E. N. Korean Political Instability, KEDO, Foreign Aid to N. Korea; North-South dialogue; trading with N. Korea. F. Hong Kong as it reverts to PRC Control. G. U.S.-Vietnam Relations—POW-MIA issues, MFN Status, Con- sulate in Ho Chi Minh City; US business developments, etc. H. US-Burma Relations. I. US-Indonesia Relations; Potential Instability in Indonesia. J. Agricultural exports to Asia. K. Three Gorges Dam Project. L. Democratization in South Asia. M. Military-to-military relations in Asia (the U.S. relies on a network of relationships to maintain its forward presence in Asia; this is supplemented by training and education). N. U.S. democracy promotion activities in Asia. O. Religion in South and Southeast. P. Economic and demographic change in the PRC. Q. American Energy Development Business potential in Asia. R. Free trade in Asia: implementing the APEC vision. S. The Great Power Game in Asia: China, Japan, Russia, and the U.S. T. US Relations with ASEAN. U. Taiwan’s relations with the PRC. V. The situation in Cambodia. W. US-Philippine relations. X. Regional Cooperation in Southeast Asia. Y. Sex Trade and Child Abuse in Asia. Z. Resource sharing issues between India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. 11 AA. Review of the CINCPAC, East-West Center, Asia-Pacific Center, and Joint Task Force Full Accounting. AB. Chinese nonproliferation practices. AC. The Chinese People’s Liberation Army: Its goals, influence, and commercial ties. AD. Taiwan’s effort to be admitted to the United Nations. AE. The Civil War in Afghanistan. AF. US Interests in the Central Asian republics. VIII. Western Hemisphere A. In General—Importance of political stability and economic growth to U.S. Interests, democracy (including corruption, appropriate role of the military, etc.), Summit of the Americas follow-up, and efforts to control drugs and immigration. B. Trade—Evaluation of NAFTA, free trade in the Americas, Chile accession, importance of MERCOSUR and subregional agreements, Caribbean Basin enhancement. C. Central America—Consolidating democratic gains. D. Security—Advanced arms sales to Latin America, hemispheric security and confidence-building measures, cooperation against illegal drugs, guerrillas and ‘‘narcoterrorism’’, and future U.S. presence in Panama. E. South America—Mercosur, Argentina (intellectual property rights and terrorist bombings), Chile (NAFTA accession), Peru-Ec- uador border dispute. F. Cuba—Implementation of Libertad Act, multilateral efforts, human rights and internal dissident movements, Cuba Broadcast- ing. G. Mexico—Drug cooperation and corruption, NAFTA Implemen- tation, economy, political reforms, elections, and Mexico’s efforts to control illegal immigration. H. Haiti—Strengthening/professionalizing democratic institutions (incl. police), human rights and extrajudicial killings, and jump- starting sustainable investment/jobs. I. Other—Caribbean (drug cooperation, economic stability, & CBI enhancement), Canadian unity, role of the OAS, and Inter-Amer- ican Development Bank. IX. Africa A. Review of Africa Human Rights policy. B. Review of Democratization in Africa. C. Review of US Trade and Investment in Africa. D. Review of U.S. policy toward countries of special interest: Ni- geria, South Africa, Algeria, Zaire, and Sudan. E. Slavery in Africa. F. Organized crime in Africa. G. U.S. support for a proposed Africa peacekeeping force. H. US efforts to end the Angolan civil war. I. US public broadcasting to Africa. J. Review of the African Development Bank. K. Review of peacekeeping in the Western Sahara. L. Review of the Rwanda/Burundi crisis. 12 X. Human Rights A. Review of human rights country reports. B. Torture Victims Relief issues. C. Child Labor. XI. Economic Policy and the Environment A. Enterprise Funds. B. Overview of global trade situation. C. Trade distorting actions by foreign governments (bribery, economic espionage, manipulation of customs rules, import licensing, skewing health and safety standards, etc.); Mutual Recognition Agreements (‘‘MRAs’’). D. OPIC/TDA Oversight. E. EAA Oversight; encryption issues. F. Implementation of Iraq, Iran and other sanctions regimes by State and Treasury. G. Global Environmental Trends: International Instability and National Security. H. The U.S. government position on Global Warming. I. How environmental cooperation can enhance bilateral relations and U.S. interests abroad. II. GENERAL REVIEW ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE A. Executive Branch Reports Reporting requirements in legislation and the reports submitted in response to them constitute one of the oldest information systems used by Congress. On every subject with which Congress deals, required reports offer a way to oversee and review the implementation of legislation by the executive branch. In the foreign policy field, it is particularly important to ensure that reporting requirements and the resultant reports submitted by the executive branch are an efficient mechanism for supplying Con- gress with information. Information on domestic problems is often easier to obtain from sources outside the executive branch than information on problems from abroad. Moreover, the executive branch has sometimes attempted to shield its activities in the foreign policy field from public view and treat it as its exclusive do- main. The lack of information on foreign policy problems and executive branch activities has been one of the major reasons it has been more difficult for Congress to play its legitimate role in the making of foreign policy, although the Constitution expressly shares such powers between Congress and the President. For the Committee on International Relations, the improvement of the system of required reports offers more than tidier house- keeping. It offers another step toward a better supply of information that Congress needs to make foreign policy decisions. Through the careful placing of reporting requirements in legislation, the pa- tient monitoring of the reports submitted by the executive branch in response to the requirements and utilization of the data supplied in them, Congress can improve its capacity for an effective foreign policy role. 13 B. Reference Documents Periodically the Committee on International Relations compiles, prints, and distributes official documents which are useful to the membership in exercising the oversight function as well as other responsibilities. The following is a listing of those compilations for the 105th Congress: 1. Legislation on Foreign Relations.—This 5 volume set was prepared under the direction of the staff of the House Committee on International Relations and the Senate Committee on Foreign Re- lations with the assistance of the Foreign Affairs and National De- fense Division of the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress. This collection of laws and related materials contains texts referred by the Committee on International Relations, and the Foreign Relations Committee, amended to date, and annotated to show pertinent history or cross references. The collection of over 7,600 pages includes all laws concerning foreign relations, codified and in force, treaties in force, as well as executive agreements and orders, State Department regulations and State Department delegations of authorities as of December 31, 1997. 2. Legislative Calendar.—This compendium of committee legislative information is published annually. Each volume includes a current listing and status of all committee legislation; committee pub- lications and reports; executive communications and messages from the President referred to the committee; House floor amendments in committee legislation; and a legislative progress chart. C. Study Missions and Participation in International Conferences and Events The committee has kept itself informed of the latest developments in foreign affairs. The usual frequent conferences with high government officials, both civil and military, have been augmented by special study missions to various parts of the world to obtain firsthand knowledge of the problems of foreign countries and the administration of U.S. programs and operations falling within the purview of the committee. Committee members have also been designated to serve as official delegates to a number of international conferences and events. The following is a list of interparliamentary exchanges that Members of the Committee on International Relations participated in during the 105th Congress. May 16–18, 1997, U.S.-Mexico Interparliamentary Meetings in Santa Fe, New Mexico. June 8–11, 1997, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings in Washing- ton, D.C. and Colorado Springs, Colorado. June 11, 1997, U.S.-Korea Interparliamentary Exchange, Wash- ington, D.C. September 21–22, 1997, U.S.-European Parliament Inter- parliamentary Meetings, Washington, D.C. October 8–17, 1997, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings, Bucha- rest and Lisbon. January 29–February 6, 1998, North Atlantic Assembly Meet- ings, Norfolk, Washington, D.C., and New York. May 6, 1998, U.S.-Ireland Interparliamentary Meetings, Wash- ington, D.C. 14 May 14–18, 1998, U.S.-Canada Interparliamentary Meetings, Nantucket, Massachusetts. June 19–21, 1998, U.S.-Mexico Interparliamentary Meetings, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. June 22–26, 1998, North Atlantic Assembly Meetings, New York, San Francisco, Santa Monica, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. June 25–28, 1998, U.S.-European Parliament Interparliamentary Meetings, Houston, Texas. September 11–15, 1998, U.S.-Canada Interparliamentary Meet- ings, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. III. SUMMARIES OF LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITIES BY FULL COMMITTEE Legislation Signed Into Public Law Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997 (P.L. 105–12) H.R. 1003 clarifies Federal law with respect to restricting the use of Federal funds in support of assisted suicide. Signed by the President April 30, 1997. Extend Certain Privileges to the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (P.L. 105–22) S. 342 extends certain privileges, exemptions, and immunities to Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices. Signed by the President June 27, 1997. Extension of Au Pair Program (P.L. 105–48) S. 1211 extends the au pair program through fiscal year 1999. Signed by the President October 1, 1997. Asian Elephant Conservation Act of 1997 (P.L. 105–96) H.R. 1787 assists in the conservation of Asian elephants by supporting the providing financial resources for the conservation programs of nations within the range of Asian elephants and projects of persons with demonstrated expertise in the conservation of Asian elephants. Signed by the President November 19, 1997. Holocaust Victims Redress Act (P.L. 105–158) S. 1564 provides redress for inadequate restitution of assets seized by the U.S. Government during World War II which be- longed to victims of the Holocaust. Signed by the President February 13, 1998. Clint and Fabens Independent School Districts (P.L. 105–169) H.R. 1116 provides for the conveyance of the reversionary interest of the U.S. in certain lands to the Clint Independent School District and the Fabens Independent School District. Signed by the President April 24, 1998. 15 50th Anniversary of the Founding of the Modern State of Israel (P.L. 105–175) H.J. Res. 102 recognizes the 50th anniversary of the modern state of Israel, and reaffirms the bonds of friendship and cooperation between the U.S. and Israel. Signed by the President May 11, 1998. Tropical Forest Conservation Act of 1998 (P.L. 105–214) H.R. 2870 amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to facili- tate protection of tropical forests through debt reduction with developing countries with tropical forests. Signed by the President July 29, 1998. Freedom From Religious Persecution Act of 1998 (P.L. 105–292) H.R. 2431 establishes an Office of Religious Persecution Monitor- ing to provide for the imposition of sanctions against countries en- gaged in a pattern of religious persecution. Signed by the President October 27, 1998. Northern Ireland Cultural and Training Program (P.L. 105–319) H.R. 4293 establishes a cultural and training program for dis- advantaged individuals from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Signed by the President October 30, 1998. Torture Victims Relief Act of 1998 (P.L. 105–320) H.R. 4309 provides a comprehensive program of support for victims of torture. Signed by the President October 30, 1998. Rewards for Individuals Sought for Violations of International Hu- manitarian Law (P.L. 105–323) H.R. 4660 amends the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 to provide rewards for information leading to the arrest or conviction of any individual for the commission of an act, or con- spiracy to act, of international terrorism, narcotics related offenses, or for serious violations of international humanitarian law relating to the Former Yugoslavia. Signed by the President October 30, 1998. The Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (P.L. 105–338) H.R. 4655 establishes a program to support a transition to democracy in Iraq. Signed by the President October 31, 1998. U.S.I.A. Television Program ‘‘Window on America’’ (P.L. 105–373) H.R. 4083 makes available to the Ukrainian Museum and Ar- chives the U.S.I.A. television program ‘‘Window on America’’. Signed by the President on November 12, 1998. Annual Report Concerning Diplomatic Immunity (P.L. 105–375) S. 759 amends the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 to require the Secretary of State to submit an annual report to Congress concerning diplomatic immunity. 16 Signed by the President November 12, 1998. Department of State Special Agents Retirement Act of 1998 (P.L. 105–382) H.R. 633 amends the Foreign Service Act of 1980 to provide that the annuities of certain special agents and security personnel of the State Department be computed in the same way as applies gen- erally with respect to Federal law enforcement officers. Signed by the President November 13, 1998. Africa Seeds of Hope Act of 1998 (P.L. 105–385) H.R. 4283 supports sustainable and broad-based agricultural and rural development in sub-Saharan Africa. Signed by the President November 13, 1998. Legislation passed by both Senate and House State Department Authorization Act (H.R. 1757) This bill, which passed both the House and Senate, was vetoed by the President. It contained provisions to consolidate international affairs agencies, and to authorize appropriations for the Department of State and related agencies for fiscal years 1998 and 1999. Vetoed by the President October 21, 1998. Iran Missile Proliferation Sanctions Act (H.R. 2709) This legislation imposed certain sanctions on foreign persons who transfer items contributing to Iran’s efforts to acquire, develop, or produce ballistic missiles. Vetoed by the President June 23, 1998. 50th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (H. Con. Res. 185) This resolution expresses the sense of the Congress on the occa- sion of the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Universal Dec- laration of Human Rights and recommitting the U.S. to the prin- ciples expressed in the Universal Declaration. International Cooperation in Recovering Abducted Children (H. Con. Res. 224) This resolution urges international cooperation in recovering children abducted in the U.S. and taken to other countries. Extradition of Joanne Chesimard from Cuba (H. Con. Res. 254) This resolution calls on the Government of Cuba to extradite to the U.S. convicted felon Joanne Chesimard and all other individuals who have fled the U.S. to avoid prosecution or confinement for criminal offenses and who are currently living freely in Cuba. New Tribes Mission Hostage Crisis (H. Con. Res. 277) This resolution concerns the New Tribes Mission hostage crisis in Colombia. 17 Disapproving Certification for Mexico (H. J. Res. 58) This resolution disapproves the certification of the President under section 490(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 regarding foreign assistance for Mexico during fiscal year 1997. Commending Secretary of State Warren Christopher (S. Con. Res. 4) This resolution commends and thanks Warren Christopher for his exemplary service as Secretary of State. Little League Baseball (S. Con. Res. 37) This resolution expresses the sense of the Congress that Little League Baseball Incorporated was established to support and develop Little League baseball worldwide and that its international character and activities should be recognized. Culpability of Slobodan Milosevic for War Crimes (S. Con. Res. 105/H. Con. Res. 304) This resolution expresses the sense of the Congress regarding the culpability of Slobodan Milosevic for war crimes, crimes against hu- manity, and genocide in the former Yugoslavia. Legislation that passed the House Family Planning Facilitation and Abortion Funding Restriction— H.R. 581 passed the House by a vote of 231–194 on February 13, 1997. Hong Kong Reversion Act—H.R. 750 passed the House under suspension of the rules, by a vote of 416–1, on March 11, 1997. Free the Clergy Act—H.R. 967 passed the House by a vote of 366– 54 on November 6, 1997. Microcredit for Self-Reliance Act of 1997—H.R. 1129 passed the House under suspension of the rules, by a vote of 393–21, on No- vember 9, 1997. African Growth and Opportunity Act—H.R. 1432 passed the House by a vote of 233–186 on March 11, 1998. European Security Act of 1997—H.R. 1758 passed the House by voice vote, amended, on June 11, 1997, and was incorporated into H.R. 1757. Transfer of Naval Vessels to Certain Foreign Countries—H.R. 2035 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by a vote of 426–1, on July 15, 1997. Laogai Slave Labor Products Act of 1997—H.R. 2195 passed the House by a vote of 419–2–1 on November 5, 1997. Radio Free Asia Act of 1997—H.R. 2232 passed the House by a vote of 401–21 on November 9, 1997. Political Freedom in China Act of 1997—H.R. 2358 passed the House, amended, by a vote of 416–5 on November 5, 1997. U.S.-Taiwan Anti-Ballistic Missile Defense Cooperation Act—H.R. 2386 passed the House, amended, by a vote of 301–116 on Novem- ber 6, 1997. Commercial Activities of the People’s Liberation Army of China— H.R. 2647 passed the House by a vote of 408–10 on November 7, 1997. 18 Iran Missile Protection Act of 1997—H.R. 2786 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, amended, by voice vote, on March 30, 1998. Iran Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act of 1998—H.R. 3743 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, amended, by a vote of 405–13, on August 3, 1998. Western Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act—H.R. 4300 passed the House, amended, by a vote of 384–39, on September 16, 1998. International Child Labor Relief Act of 1998—H.R. 4506 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, amended, by voice vote, on October 8, 1998. Dante B. Fascell North-South Center—H.R. 4757 passed the House by voice vote on October 12, 1998. Executive Branch Travel Reports—H.R. 4805 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, on October 13, 1998. Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant in Iran—H.R. 4851 passed the House by voice vote on October 20, 1998. Honoring Ambassador Pamela C. Harriman—H. Res. 49 passed the House by voice vote on February 13, 1997. Treaty of Mutual Cooperation Between the U.S. and Japan—H. Res. 68 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by a vote of 403–16, on March 11, 1997. Promotion of Peace in Zaire—H. Res. 115 passed the House, by voice vote, amended, on April 17, 1997. Terrorist Grenade Attack in Cambodia—H. Res. 121 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, on May 21, 1997. Congratulating the People of India and Pakistan—H. Res. 157 passed the House by voice vote on July 31, 1997. Urging Peace in Congo—H. Res. 175 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote on July 28, 1997. Urging the Executive Branch to Take Action Regarding the Acqui- sition by Iran of C–802 Cruise Missiles—H. Res. 188 passed the House by a vote of 414–8 on November 6, 1997. Regarding the Interference of the European Commission in the Merger of the Boeing Company and McDonnell Douglas—H. Res. 191 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by a vote of 416–2, on July 22, 1997. Concerning the Crisis in Cambodia—H. Res. 195 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, on July 28, 1997. Recognizing the Contributions Made by Austrian-Americans—H. Res. 217 passed the House by voice vote on September 24, 1997. Expressing Condolences on the Tragic Death of Princess Diana— H. Res. 219 passed the House by voice vote on September 4, 1997. Expressing Condolences on the Death of Mother Teresa—H. Res. 227 passed the House by voice vote on September 11, 1997. Support of Democracy and Religious Freedom in Vietnam—H. Res. 231 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, amended, by voice vote, on November 13, 1997. Self Determination for the People of Western Sahara—H. Res. 245 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, amended, on November 9, 1997. 19 Condemning Angola’s Military Intervention into Congo—H. Res. 273 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, amended, on November 13, 1997. Congratulating ASEAN on its 30th Anniversary—H. Res. 282 passed the House under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, on November 13, 1997. Regarding the Destruction of Iraq’s Capability to Produce Weap- ons of Mass Destruction—H. Res. 322 passed the House by voice vote, amended, on November 13, 1997. Congratulating Sri Lanka on its 50th Anniversary of Independ- ence—H. Res. 350 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, on April 28, 1998. Calling for Free and Impartial Elections in Cambodia—H. Res. 361 passed the House under suspension of the rules, by a vote of 393–1, amended, on March 17, 1998. Commending the Visit of His Holiness Pope John Paul II to Cuba—H. Res. 362 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, amended, on September 15, 1998. Urging the Introduction and Passage of a Resolution on the Human Rights Situation in the People’s Republic of China at the 54th Session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights—H. Res. 364 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by a vote of 397–0, on March 17, 1998. Commending Democracy in Botswana—H. Res. 373 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, on March 17, 1998. Regarding the Ongoing Violence in Algeria—H. Res. 374 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, on April 28, 1998. Regarding the Sense of the Congress that the President Should Renegotiate the Extradition Treaty with Mexico—H. Res. 381 passed the House under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, on September 15, 1998. Relating to the Importance of Japanese-American Relations and the Urgent Need for Japan to More Effectively Address its Economic and Financial Problems and Open its Markets by Eliminating In- formal Barriers to Trade and Investment—H. Res. 392 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by a vote of 391–2, amended, on July 20, 1998. Urging the President to Provide Blackhawk Helicopters to Colom- bia—H. Res. 398 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, amended, on March 30, 1998. Commemorating 100 years of Relations Between the U.S. and the Philippines—H. Res. 404 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, on June 9, 1998. Promote Independent Radio Broadcasting in Africa—H. Res. 415 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, on September 14, 1998. Deploring the Tragic Murder of Guatemalan Bishop Juan Jose Gerardi—H. Res. 421 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, on September 9, 1998. Commemorating 50 years of Relations Between the U.S. and the Republic of Korea—H. Res. 459 passed the House, under suspen- 20 sion of the rules, by a vote of 400–0, amended, on September 9, 1998. Regarding Assistance to Mexico to Combat Wildfires—H. Res. 469 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, amended, on August 3, 1998. Regarding the Importance of Diplomatic Relations with the Pa- cific Island Nations—H. Res. 505 passed the House, under suspension of the rules, by a vote of 414–1, on September 23, 1998. Calling for Free and Transparent Elections in Gabon—H. Res. 518 passed the House under suspension of the rules, by voice vote, amended, on October 13, 1998. Regarding the Terrorist Bombings of U.S. Embassies in East Afri- ca—H. Res. 523 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on October 10, 1998. Regarding the Culpability of Hun Sen for War Crimes in Cam- bodia—H. Res. 533 passed House under suspension of the rules by voice vote, amended, on October 10, 1998. Expressing Support for the U.S. Government Efforts to Identify Holocaust-Era Assets—H. Res. 557 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 427–0 on October 9, 1998. Condemning Violence in Sierra Leone—H. Res. 559 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on October 10, 1998. Return of Wrongfully Confiscated Properties in Formerly Totali- tarian Countries—H. Res. 562 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on October 13, 1998. Regarding the Sale or Diversion of Great Lakes Water—H. Res. 566 passed the House by voice vote on October 20, 1998. Commending the People of Mozambique for Their Commitment to Rebuilding Their Nation—H. Res. 610 passed the House by voice vote on October 20, 1998. Concerning the Urgent Need to Improve the Living Standards of South Asians—H. Con. Res. 16 passed the House by a vote of 415– 1 on March 11, 1997. Congratulating the People of Guatemala on the Success of Recent Elections—H. Con. Res. 17 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 416–0–2 on March 5, 1997. Congratulating the People of Nicaragua on the Success of Their Democratic Elections—H. Con. Res. 18 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 417–0–3 on March 5, 1997. Recognizing the 30th Anniversary of the City of Jerusalem—H. Con. Res. 60 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 406–17–1 on June 10, 1997. Regarding the 50th Anniversary of the Marshall Plan—H. Con. Res. 63 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on May 21, 1997. Concerning the Death of Chaim Herzog—H. Con. Res. 73 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on May 13, 1997. Concerning the Situation Between the Democratic People’s Repub- lic of Korea and the Republic of Korea—H. Con. Res. 74 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on July 28, 1997. 21 Calling for a Peaceful Resolution to the Situation in Cyprus—H. Con. Res. 81 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 417–4 on July 22, 1997. Congratulating El Salvador on Elections—H. Con. Res. 88 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 419–3 on July 22, 1997. Condemning the Coup in Sierra Leone—H. Con. Res. 99 passed the House under suspension by a vote of 418–1–1 on July 22, 1997. Relating to the Elections in Albania Scheduled for June, 1997— H. Con. Res. 105 passed the House by voice vote on June 26, 1997. Regarding Acts of Illegal Aggression by Canadian Fishermen with Respect to the Pacific Salmon Fishery—H. Con. Res. 124 passed House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on July 28, 1997. Concerning the Situation in Kenya—H. Con. Res. 130 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on November 13, 1997. Regarding the Terrorist Bombing in Jerusalem—H. Con. Res. 133 passed the House by a vote of 427–1 on July 30, 1997. Concerning the Urgent Need for an International Criminal Tribu- nal to Try Members of the Iraqi Regime for Crimes Against Human- ity—H. Con. Res. 137 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 396–2 on November 13, 1997. Regarding the Participation of the U.S. in the EXPO 2000 in Hannover, Germany—H. Con. Res. 139 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 415–2 on November 9, 1998. Regarding the Terrorist Bombing in Jerusalem on September 4, 1997—H. Con. Res. 146 passed the House by voice vote on Septem- ber 5, 1997. Calling on All Parties in the Northern Ireland Peace Talks to Condemn Violence—H. Con. Res. 152 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 407–2–1, amended, on March 18, 1998. Regarding the Continued Deterioration of Human Rights in Af- ghanistan—H. Con. Res. 156 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on November 9, 1997. Supporting Efforts to Foster Friendship and Cooperation Between the U.S. and Mongolia—H. Con. Res. 172 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote, amended, on November 13, 1998. Congratulating the People of Guyana for Multiparty Elections— H. Con. Res. 215 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote, amended, on April 28, 1998. Concerning the Urgent Need for a Cease-Fire in Afghanistan—H. Con. Res. 218 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 391–1, amended, on April 28, 1998. Regarding American Victims of Terrorism—H. Con. Res. 220 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 406– 0, amended, on May 5, 1998. Congratulating the OAS/CIAV for Successfully Aiding in the Transition of Nicaragua from a War-Ridden State into a Newly- Formed Democracy—H. Con. Res. 222 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on April 28, 1998. 22 Honoring the Berlin Airlift—H. Con. Res. 230 passed the House by voice vote on June 25, 1998. Calling for an End to the Violent Repression of the People of Kosovo—H. Con. Res. 235 passed the House under suspension by a vote of 406–1–1, amended, on March 18, 1998. Acknowledging the Positive Role of Taiwan in the Current Asian Financial Crisis—H. Con. Res. 270 passed the House under suspension by a vote of 411–0 on June 9, 1998. Expressing the Sense of the Congress that the President Should Reconsider his Decision to be Formally Received in Tiananmen Square—H. Con. Res. 285 passed the House by a vote of 305–116 on June 4, 1998. Calling for an End to the Conflict Between Eritrea and Ethio- pia—H. Con. Res. 292 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on September 9, 1998. Recognizing the 65th Anniversary of the Ukrainian Famine—H. Con. Res. 295 passed the House under suspension of the rules by voice vote on October 10, 1998. Affirming the U.S. Commitment to Taiwan—H. Con. Res. 301 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 390– 1 on July 20, 1998. Regarding the Culpability of Slobodan Milosevic for War Crimes—H. Con. Res. 304 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 369–1–1 on September 14, 1998. (See S. Con. Res. 105 for further action.) Condemning the Forced Abduction of Ugandan Children and Their Use as Soldiers—H. Con. Res. 309 passed House under suspension of the rules by voice vote, amended, on October 8, 1998. Condemning the Atrocities by Serbian Police Against Albanians in Kosova—H. Con. Res. 315 passed the House under suspension by a vote of 410–0–1 on September 23, 1998. Supporting the Baltic People of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania— H. Con. Res. 320 passed the House by a vote of 417–0 on October 10, 1998. Relating to Taiwan’s Participation in the World Health Organiza- tion—H. Con. Res. 334 passed the House under suspension of the rules by a vote of 418–0. Considered but not passed by the House Discrimination by the German Government Against Members of Minority Religious Groups—H. Con. Res. 22 was marked up by the Committee and brought up in the House under Suspension of the Rules; however, it did not receive 2/3 of the vote necessary to suspend the rules and pass (vote 101–318–4). Directing the President to Remove U.S. Armed Forces from Bos- nia—H. Con. Res. 227 failed to pass the House by a vote of 193– 225. Concerning the Inadequacy of Sewage Structures in Tijuana, Mexico—H. Con. Res. 331 was marked up by the Committee and brought up in the House under Suspension of the Rules; however, it did not receive 2/3 of the vote necessary to suspend the rules and pass (vote 250–174). 23 Committee Statistics During the 105th Congress, the Full Committee held 90 hearings and markups, and the subcommittees met 126 times, for a total of 216 gatherings. Staff held 187 briefings. A total of 17 bills have been signed into law, 40 bills and joint resolutions referred to the Committee passed the House, and 80 concurrent and simple resolutions referred to the Committee passed the House. Seventeen reports were filed; the Committee has published 201 hearings and markups, and 11 Committee prints. Another important function of the Committee is to meet with Heads of State, Administration officials, and foreign dignitaries from around the world. The Committee held 204 informal meetings, and received 17 delegations. During the 105th Congress, 465 bills and resolutions were referred to the Committee; the Full Committee held markups on 96 pieces of legislation. 949 Executive Communications, 122 House Documents, and 113 Presidential Messages were referred to the Committee in 1997–1998. IV. LIST OF MEETINGS OF THE FULL COMMITTEE AND ITS SUBCOMMITTEES A. Full Committee January 31, 1997.—HEARING: COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES FOR 1996, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. John Shattuck, Ms. Nina Shea, Ms. Elisa Massimino, Ms. Holly Burkhalter, and Mr. Stephen Rickard February 5, 1997.—ORGANIZATIONAL MEETING, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none February 11, 1997.—HEARING: THE ADMINISTRATION’S INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BUDGET REQUEST FOR FY98, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Madeleine Albright February 25, 1997.—HEARING: THE ADMINISTRATION’S INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BUDGET REQUEST FOR FY98, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. J. Brian Atwood February 26, 1997.—HEARING: NEW THINKING ON FOREIGN ASSISTANCE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Mickey Ed- wards, Mr. David Gordon, Ms. Julia Taft, and Ms. Carol Lan- caster March 4, 1997.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 17; AND H. CON. RES. 18, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none March 6, 1997.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 16; H. RES. 68; H.R. 750; H. J. RES. 58, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none March 11, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. ASSISTANCE TO THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Richard Morningstar, and Hon. Thomas Dine March 12, 1997.—HEARING: U.S.-RUSSIAN RELATIONS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. James Collins March 13, 1997.—HEARING: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Howard Kohr, Mr. Andrew Manatos, Father Sean McManus, Mr. C. 24 Payne Lucas, Mr. Sy Taubenblatt, Mr. Andrew Natsios, Ms. Anna Stout, Bishop John Ricard, and Mr. Ted Carpenter March 20, 1997.—HEARING: THE ADMINISTRATION’S SECU- RITY ASSISTANCE REQUEST FOR FY98 AND CONSIDER- ATION OF THE COMMITTEE’S VIEWS AND ESTIMATES FOR THE FY98 BUDGET RESOLUTION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. William Cohen April 9, 1997.—HEARING: DOES U.N. PEACEKEEPING SERVE U.S. INTERESTS?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Harold Johnson, Mr. John Hillen, and Mr. John Bolton April 10, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD EGYPT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Robert Satloff, Mr. Abraham Foxman, Mr. Joseph Stork, and Dr. Mamoun Fandy April 16, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 115, H–139, the Capitol, witnesses: none April 17, 1997.—HEARING: DOES U.N. PEACEKEEPING SERVE U.S. INTERESTS? PART II—ADMINISTRATION WIT- NESSES , 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Princeton Lyman, and Hon. Edward Warner April 30 and May 1, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. ————, FOREIGN POLICY REFORM ACT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none May 6, 1997.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 73; AND H. RES. 103, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none May 7, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 121; H. CON. RES. 50; AND H. CON. RES. 63, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none June 10, 1997.—HEARING: TRADE PRIORITIES OF THE CLIN- TON ADMINISTRATION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Charlene Barshefsky June 25, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD LEBANON, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. David Welch, Mr. Kenneth McKune, Mr. Daniel Pipes, Mr. Terry Anderson, Mr. Peter Tanous, Mr. David Nassif, and Mr. Amine Gemayel June 25, 1997.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 88; H. CON. RES. 81; H.R. 2035; H. CON. RES. 99; H. RES. 175; H.R. 1432; AND H. CON. RES.105, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none June 26, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. ENTERPRISE FUNDS IN EAST- ERN EUROPE AND THE STATES OF THE FORMER SO- VIET UNION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Richard Morningstar, Hon. James Holmes, and Hon. Thomas Dine July 16, 1997.—HEARING: THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Thomas Pickering, Hon. J. Brian Atwood, Mr. James Woods, Dr. Jennifer Leaning, and Dr. Marina Ottaway July 17, 1997.—HEARING: INSPECTOR GENERAL’S OVER- SIGHT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Jacquelyn Williams-Bridgers, Hon. Jeffrey Rush, and Mr. Tex Harris July 22, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 695, 2172 Rayburn, witness: none July 23, 1997.—HEARING: IRAN LIBYA SANCTIONS ACT—ONE YEAR LATER, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Alan Larsen, Mr. David Welch, Mr. Patrick Clawson, Ayatollah Dr. Mehdi Haeri Khorshidi, Ms. Sarah Miller, and Mr. Jeffrey Schott 25 July 24, 1997.—HEARING: GLOBAL CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONS: OBLIGATIONS OF DEVELOPED & DEVELOPING COUN- TRIES, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Tim Wirth, Mr. David Hales, Mr. Dean Kleckner, Mr. Jerry Jasinowski, Mr. David Smith, Mr. Dan Becker, and Mr. Harvey Ruvin July 30, 1997.—HEARING: THE THREAT TO THE U.S. FROM EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Sally Shelton, and Mr. David Heymann September 9, 1997.—HEARING: FREEDOM FROM RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION ACT OF 1997, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Frank Wolf, Hon. Ted Strickland, Senator Arlen Specter, and Hon. John Shattuck September 10, 1997.—HEARING: FREEDOM FROM RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION ACT OF 1997, 2172 Rayburn, Atilio Okot John, Tsultrim Dolma, Dr. Richard Land, Rev. Richard John Neuhaus, Dr. Donald Argue, Rev. Drew Christianson, William Bennett, Donald Hodel, Lodi Gyari, Jerry Goodman, Stephen Rickard, and Lauren Homer September 11, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 217; H. CON. RES. 139; AND H. CON. RES. 137, H–139, the Capitol, witnesses: none September 26, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 188, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none September 29, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 967; H.R. 2232; AND H.R. 2358, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none September 30, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 2386, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none October 1, 1997.—HEARING: THE THREAT FROM INTER- NATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME AND GLOBAL TERROR- ISM, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Louis Freeh, Dr. Giovanni De Gennaro, Mr. Arnaud de Borchgrave, Dr. Louise Shelley, and Mr. Jack Blum, Esq. October 7, 1997.—HEARING: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE U.S.- CHINA NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENT: WHOSE INTERESTS ARE SERVED?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Paul Leventhal, Ms. Jennifer Weeks, Mr. Marvin Fertel, Amb. Robert Gallucci, and Mr. Ken Adelman October 9, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 1129; H. RES. 245; H. CON. RES. 130; AND H. CON. RES. 121, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none October 24, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 2709, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none October 29, 1997.—HEARING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN EUROPE, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Amb. Marc Grossman October 31, 1997.—MARKUP: WALTER CAPPS RESOLUTION; H. CON. RES. 22; H. CON. RES. 152; H. RES. 273; H. RES. 282; H. CON. RES. 172; H. RES. 231; AND H. CON. RES. 156, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none November 5, 1997.—HEARING: SOLDIERS WITHOUT BOR- DERS: CRISIS IN CENTRAL AFRICA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Bill Richardson, Hon. Howard Wolpe, His Excel- lency Pascal Lissouba, Mr. Marcel Van Soest, Mr. Scott Camp- bell, and Mr. Salih Booker November 6, 1997.—HEARING: CURRENT STATUS OF NEGO- TIATIONS BETWEEN THE TIBETAN GOVERNMENT IN 26 EXILE AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Greg Craig, Mr. Lodi Gyari, Mr. Ed- ward Luttwack, Dr. Elliot Sperling November 7, 1997.—HEARING: BOSNIA: THE U.S. ROLE, 2172 Rayburn, Amb. Robert Gelbard November 13, 1997.—HEARING AND MARKUP: BONN TO KYOTO: THE ADMINISTRATION’S POSITION ON THE CLI- MATE CHANGE TREATY AND H. RES. ———, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: Hon. Timothy Wirth December 9, 1997.—HEARING: POLICY TOWARDS HAITI FOL- LOWING THE WITHDRAWAL OF UN FORCES, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: Amb. David Greenlee, and Mr. James Milford February 4, 1998.—HEARING: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE U.S.-CHINA NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENT AND A CONSIDERATION OF A MOTION TO GO INTO EXECU- TIVE SESSION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Robert Einhorn, and Mr. John Lauder February 12, 1998.—HEARING: THE PRESIDENT’S FY99 INTER- NATIONAL AFFAIRS BUDGET REQUEST, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Madeleine K. Albright February 25, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. OPTIONS IN CONFRONT- ING IRAQ, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Paul Wolfowitz, Dr. Richard Haas, Dr. Eliot Cohen, and Mr. David Kaye February 26, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. NARCOTICS POLICY TO- WARD COLOMBIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Henry Hin- ton, Col. Leonardo Gallego, and Lt. Fernando Lopez March 4, 1998.—HEARING: THE TROPICAL FOREST PROTEC- TION ACT, H.R. 2870, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Rob Portman, Mr. Thomas Fox, Ms. Mary Chavez, Ms. Tia Nelson, Mr. Ian Bowles, and Mr. James Resor March 5, 1998.—HEARING: THE PRESIDENT’S FOREIGN AS- SISTANCE BUDGET REQUEST FOR FY99, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. J. Brian Atwood March 10, 1998.—HEARING: DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Martin Indyk March 11, 1998.— MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 227; H.R. 2870; H. RES. 364; H. RES. 361; AND VIEWS AND ESTIMATES ON THE PRESIDENT’S FY 1999 150 BUDGET REQUEST, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none March 12, 1998.—HEARING AND MARKUP: PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF DAYTON AGREEMENTS AND THE NEW NATO MISSION IN BOSNIA AND H. CON. RES. 235; AND H. RES. 373, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Robert Gelbard, and Hon. Walter Slocombe March 18, 1998.—HEARING: THE PEACE CORPS: 10,000 VOL- UNTEERS BY THE YEAR 2000, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Paul Coverdell, Hon. Christopher Dodd, Hon. Sam Farr, Hon. Tony Hall, Hon. Thomas Petri, Hon. Chris Shays, Hon. James Walsh, Hon. Donna Shalala, Hon. Mark Gearan, and Mr. James Carden March 25, 1998.—MARKUP: H.R. 2431; 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none March 26, 1998.—HEARING: REVIEW OF U.S. ASSISTANCE TO RUSSIA, THE UKRAINE AND THE NEW INDEPENDENT 27 STATES, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Richard Morningstar, and Hon. Don Pressley March 26, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 398, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none March 31, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. NARCOTICS POLICY TO- WARD COLOMBIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Randy Beers, Gen. Charles Wilhelm, Gen. Jose Serrano, Mr. Thomas Hargrove, Mr. Dan Germann, and Ms. Tania Rich April 1, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 350; H. CON. RES. 218; H. RES. 374; H. CON. RES. 222; H. CON. RES. 215; S. CON. RES. 37; AND H.J. RES. 102, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none April 23, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 220, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none April 29, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. ANNUAL DRUG CERTIFI- CATION PROCESS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Jeane Kirkpatrick, Gen. Brent Scowcroft, Mr. Gary Bauer, Hon. Ber- nard Aronson, and Mr. John Walters April 30, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. ROLE IN THE CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Frederico Pena, Amb. Steve Sestanovich, Amb. Richard Morningstar, and Hon. Don Pressley May 7, 1998.—HEARING: ISSUES IN U.S.-EUROPEAN UNION TRADE: EUROPEAN PRIVACY LEGISLATION AND BIO- TECHNOLOGY/FOOD SAFETY POLICY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Franklin Vargo, Mr. Robert Litan, Mr. Robert Vastine, Mr. Mark Rotenberg, Mr. Michael Dykes, Mr. Ray- mond Calamaro, Esq., Mr Mark Berg, and Dr. James Cham- bers May 13, 1998.—HEARING: THE KYOTO PROTOCOL: PROB- LEMS WITH U.S. SOVEREIGNTY AND THE LACK OF DE- VELOPING COUNTRY PARTICIPATION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Joseph Knollenberg, Hon. Stuart Eizenstadt, Dr. Janet Yellen, Mr. Robert Burt, Mr. William O’Keefe, Mr. Kevin Fay, and Mr. Frank Gaffney May 20, 1998.—HEARING: ERADICATION AND ELIMINATION OF SIX INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Ben Nelson, Dr. Claire Bloom, Dr. David Heymann, Dr. Nils Daulaire, Ms. Jan Leschly, and Mr. Herbert Pigman June 3, 1998.—HEARING: HOW SANCTIONS CAN AFFECT U.S. POLICY INTERESTS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Stuart Eizenstadt, Dr. Jan Paul Acton, Dr. Patrick Clawson, Mr. Dan- iel Fisk, Esq., Ms. Thea Lee, and Mr. Jeffrey Schott June 4, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM AND OVERSIGHT: THE SALE OF BODY PARTS BY THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Linda Smith, Dr. Tsuyoshi Awaya, Dr. Phaibul Jitpraphai, Somporn Lorgeranon, Mr. Wei Jingsheng, and Mr. Harry Wu June 5, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 270; H. RES. 392; AND H. RES. 404, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none June 16, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM AND OVERSIGHT: THE SALE OF BODY PARTS BY THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, 28 PART II, 2154 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. John Shattuck, Mr. Howard Lange, Witness ‘‘X’’, and Mr. Harry Wu June 17, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY: U.S. POLICY REGARDING THE EX- PORT OF SATELLITES TO CHINA—PRIVATE WITNESSES, 2118 Rayburn, witnesses: Dr. Henry Sokolski, Dr. Gary MilHollin, Ms. Shirley Kan, and Dr. Joan Johnson-Freese June 17, 1998.—A WORLDWIDE REVIEW OF THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION’S POW/MIA POLICIES AND PRO- GRAMS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Charles Kartman, Hon. Frederick Smith, Amb. Malcolm Toon, Ms. Ann Mills Griffiths, Mr. John Sommer, Pat Dunton, and Mr. Bruce Hard- er June 18, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY: U.S. POLICY REGARDING THE EX- PORT OF SATELLITES TO CHINA—ADMINISTRATION WITNESSES, 2118 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. John Holum, Mr. John Barker, Hon. William Reinsch, Mr. Roger Majak, Jan Lodal, and Mr. David Tarbell June 24, 1998.—HEARING: COLOMBIAN HEROIN CRISIS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Tom Kneir, Mr. Donnie Marshall, and Mrs. Bonni Tischler June 25, 1998.—HEARING: PROSPECTS FOR DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Susan Rice, Hon. Walter Carrington, Hon. David Miller, and Ms. Pauline Baker July 16, 1998.—HEARING: THE U.S. AND RUSSIA: ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Steve Sestanovich, Lt. Gen. William Odom, Mr. Peter Rodman, Dr. Leon Aron, Mr. Paul Goble, and Dr. Clifford Gaddy July 21, 1998.—MARKUP: H. J. RES. 125; H.R. 4095; H. RES. 459; H. CON. RES. 277; H. RES. 469; H. RES. 421; H. CON. RES. 224; AND H. CON. RES. 254, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none July 22, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 292; H.R. 4283; H. RES. 415; H.R. 3743; H. RES. 362; AND H. RES. 475, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: none July 23, 1998.—HEARING: KOSOVO—CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE OPTIONS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Robert Gelbard, and Hon. Walter Slocombe July 29, 1998.—HEARING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Martin Indyk August 6, 1998.—HEARING: HEIRLESS PROPERTY ISSUES OF THE HOLOCAUST, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Stuart Eizenstadt, Hon. Avraham, Hirschon, Dr. Israel Singer, and Mr. Benjamin Meed August 6, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 185; H.R. 4083; H.R. 633; AND H.R. 4309, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none September 10, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 304; H. CON. RES. 315; H. RES. 381; AND H. RES. 505, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none September 15, 1998.—HEARING: DISARMING IRAQ: THE STA- TUS OF WEAPONS INSPECTIONS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Martin Indyk, and Mr. Scott Ritter September 16, 1998.—HEARING: THE SPREAD OF AIDS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Dr. An- 29 thony Fauci, Col. Deborah Birx, Dr. Paul De Lay, Dr. Peter Piot, Dr. Nils Daulaire, Mr. Peter Young, and Dr. Michael Merson September 17, 1998.—HEARING: THE U.S. AND RUSSIA, PART II: RUSSIA IN CRISIS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Law- rence Summers, Hon. Strobe Talbott, Hon. George Shultz, Dr. Dimitri Simes, Dr. Ariel Cohen, and Prof. Janine Wedel September 24, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD NORTH KOREA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Charles Kartman, Dr. Kurt Campbell, Amb. James Lilley, Dr. Fred Ikle, and Dr. Nicholas Eberstadt October 2, 1998.—MARKUP: H.R. 4660; H.R. 4655; H.R. 4506; H. RES. 523; H. CON. RES. 295; H. CON. RES. 309; H. CON. RES. 320; H. CON. RES. 331; H. RES. 518; H. RES. 533; H. RES. 562; AND H. RES. 557, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none October 8, 1998.—HEARING: ASSESSING THE ADMINISTRA- TION’S FOREIGN POLICY: THE RECORD AFTER SIX YEARS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Peter Rodman, Mr. John Bolton, Dr. Kim Holmes, and Amb. Paul Bremer III B. Subcommittee on Africa March 13, 1997.—HEARING: IMPACT OF U.S. DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. George Moose, Hon. Carol Peasley, Hon. Edward DeJarnette, Dr. Nicholas Eberstadt, Mr. William Ford, Mr. Michael Maron, and Ms. Carol Lancaster March 19, 1997.—HEARING: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA’S NATURAL RESOURCES, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Clay Shaw, Mr. Michael Fay, Mr. Thomas Fox, Ms. Liz Rihoy, and Mr. David Mengebier April 8, 1997.—HEARING: ZAIRE: COLLAPSE OF AN AFRICAN GIANT?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. George Moose, Mr. Vincent Kern III, Mr. Atafuele Kalala, Mr. Gerald Martone, Prof. William Zartman, and Mr. Salih Booker April 24, 1997.—HEARING: ANGOLA’S GOVERNMENT OF NA- TIONAL UNITY, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. George Moose, and Hon. Paul Hare May 21, 1997.—HEARING: OBSTACLES TO U.S.-AFRICAN TRADE AND INVESTMENT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Jeffrey Lang, Mr. Roger Jantio, Mr. David Gordon, and Mr. Anthony Carroll May 22, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 1432, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: none June 18, 1997.—HEARING: AFRICA’S EMERGING CAPITAL MARKETS, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: Ms. Judith Aidoo, Mr. Andrew Owiny, and Mr. Frank Savage June 24, 1997.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. CON. RES. 99; H. RES. 175 AND THE LIBERIAN ELECTION: A NEW HOPE?, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Howard Jeter, Mr. Kevin George, and Mr. Mohamedu Jones July 15, 1997.—HEARING: THE IMPACT OF RADIO ON AFRI- CAN DEMOCRACY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Kevin Klose, Ms. Evelyn Lieberman, Kekuna Kerina, Mr. John Marks, and Mr. Kenneth Best 30 July 30, 1997.—HEARING: KENYA’S ELECTION CRISIS, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Donald Payne, Hon. William Twaddell, Hon. Carol Peasley, H.E. Benjamin Edgar Kipkorir, and Mr. James Silk September 18, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD NIGE- RIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. William Jefferson, Hon. Johnnie Carson, Prof. Jean Herskovits, Chief Ralph Obioha, and Dr. Abema Busia October 1, 1997.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 130, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none October 8, 1997.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. RES. 245 AND THE AFRICA CRISIS RESPONSE INITIATIVE, 2255 Ray- burn, witnesses: Marshall McCallie, Mr. Vincent Kern II, Dr. Steven Metz, and Dr. David Davis October 23, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 273, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: none October 30, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 260, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none February 5, 1998.—HEARING: ALGERIA’S TURMOIL, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: Mr. Ronald Neumann, H.E. Ramtane Lamamra, Ms. Mary Jane Deeb, and Mr. Eric Goldstein March 4, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 373; AND H. CON. RES. 374, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none March 5, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: THE ONGOING CRISIS IN THE GREAT LAKES, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Howard Wolpe, Mr. Salih Book- er, Dr. Allison Des Forges, Mr. Roger Winter, and Mr. Adotei Akwei March 17, 1998.—HEARING: PREVIEW OF PRESIDENT CLIN- TON’S HISTORIC VISIT TO AFRICA, 2200 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Susan Rice May 7, 1998.—HEARING: AFRICA IN THE WORLD ECONOMY, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: Ms. Rosa Whitaker, Amb. Michael Samuals, and Amb. David Miller May 20, 1998.—HEARING: ANTI-CORRUPTION EFFORTS IN AFRICA, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Carol Peasley, Amb. Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, and Ms. Nancy Zucker Boswell June 11, 1998.—HEARING: RECONSTRUCTING SIERRA LEONE, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Johnnie Carson, H.E. John Ernest Leigh, Mr. Edward Turay, and Mr. Bernie McCabe June 24, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 415; AND H. CON. RES. 292, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: none July 15, 1998.—HEARING: COMBATING INTERNATIONAL CRIME IN AFRICA, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Tom Kneir, Mr. Michael Horn, Mr. Jack Blum, and Mr. Phil Williams July 29, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: CRISIS IN SUDAN AND NORTHERN UGANDA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Susan Rice, Ms. Carol Bellamy, Ms. Catherine Bertini, Ms. Jemera Rone, Mr. Daniel Eiffe, and Sister Mary Rose Atuu 31 September 15, 1998.—HEARING: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO IN CRISIS, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Susan Rice, H.E. Faida Mitifu, H.E. Theogene Rudasingwa, and Dr. Peter Rosenblum September 24, 1998.—HEARING: THE FUTURE OF THE WEST- ERN SAHARA REFERENDUM, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Ronald Neumann, Dr. John Damis, Mr. Moulud Said, and Bg. Gen. Al Zapanta (USAR) C. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific February 13, 1997.—HEARING: HONG KONG’S REVERSION TO THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Jeffrey Bader, Hon. Dick Thornburgh, and Dr. Michel Oksenberg February 26, 1997.—HEARING: ENGAGING THE HERMIT KINGDOM: U.S. POLICY TOWARD NORTH KOREA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Charles Kartman, Dr. Kurt Campbell, Hon. James Lilley, Dr. Roy Richard Grinker, and Dr. Robert Manning March 5, 1997.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. CON. RES. 16; H. RES. 68; AND H.R. 750 AND USAID ACTIVITIES IN ASIA AND THE CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Thomas Dine, Mr. Charles Weden, Ms. Nancy Lubin, and A. Rani Parker March 12, 1997.—HEARING: DEMOCRATIC CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN SOUTH ASIA, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Robin Raphel, and Mr. Eric Bjornland April 23, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 121, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none May 7, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD INDONESIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Aurelia Brazeal, Dr. Paul Wolfowitz, Mr. Michael Gadbaw, and Ms. Sidney Jones June 18, 1997.—HEARING: U.S.-VIETNAM RELATIONS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Jeffrey Bader, Ms. Susan Esserman, Ms. Ann Mills Griffiths, Mr. Adam Schwarz, Hon. Michael Samuels, and Hon. David Lambertson July 16, 1997.—HEARING: FAMILIAR GROUND: THE BREAK- DOWN OF DEMOCRACY IN CAMBODIA AND IMPLICA- TIONS FOR U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 2200 Rayburn, Hon. Aurelia Brazeal, Mr. Ronald Abney, Dr. Marvin Ott, and Mr. Sichan Siv July 24, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 195; H. CON. RES. 74; H. RES. 157, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none September 17, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. DEMOCRACY PRO- MOTION PROGRAMS IN ASIA, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. John Shattuck, Dr. Richard Richter, Mr. William Fuller, Ms. Louisa Coan, and Ms. Sidney Jones September 30, 1997.—HEARING: THE CLINTON ADMINISTRA- TION’S POLICY TOWARD ASIA, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Stanley Roth October 22, 1997.—HEARING: THE CLINTON ADMINISTRA- TION’S POLICY TOWARD SOUTH ASIA, 2200 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Karl Inderfurth 32 October 29, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 282; H. CON. RES. 172; H. RES. 231; H. CON. RES. 162; and H. CON. RES. 156, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none November 6, 1997—HEARING: THE FIFTH SUMMIT OF THE ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION FORUM, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. John Wolf, Mr. Robert Denham, Hon. Bennett Johnston, and Dr. Fred Bergsten February 4, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMIT- TEE ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE: FINANCIAL CRISIS IN ASIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Lawrence Summers, Hon. Stuart Eizenstat, Prof. Stephan Haggard, Mr. David L. Sokol, and Mr. Marcus Noland February 12, 1998.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. RES. 350, AND U.S. INTERESTS IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REPUB- LICS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Robert Gee, Prof. Fred- erick Starr, and Mr. John Maresca February 26, 1998.—HEARING: SHATTERED DREAM: THE UN- CERTAIN STATE OF DEMOCRACY IN CAMBODIA, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Stanley Roth, Prof. Fred Brown, Dr. Catharine Dalpino, and Mr. Eric Bjornlund March 5, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 364; H. RES. 361; AND H. CON. RES. 218, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none April 23, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE: JAPAN’S ROLE IN THE ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS, 2172 Rayburn, Mr. James Glassman, Mr. Robert Grondine, Mr. Peter Walters, and Mr. Richard Katz April 30, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY OPTIONS TOWARD CHINA: RULE OF LAW AND DEMOCRATIC PROGRAMS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. John Kamm, Mr. Allen Choate, Mr. Lorne Craner, and Prof. Minxin Pei May 7, 1998.—HEARING: TRADITION AND TRANS- FORMATION: U.S. SECURITY INTERESTS IN ASIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Stanley Roth, Hon. Walter Slocombe, and Admiral J.W. Prueher May 14, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 392; AND H. RES. 404, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none May 20, 1998.—HEARING: U.S.-TAIWAN RELATIONS, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: Dr. Susan Shirk, Dr. Kurt Campbell, Hon. James Lilley, Mr. Douglas Paal, and Mr. Nat Bellochi May 21, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 270, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: none June 4, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY OPTIONS TOWARD IN- DONESIA: WHAT WE CAN EXPECT, WHAT WE CAN DO, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Aurelia Brazeal, Amb. Paul Wolfowitz, Mr. Sidney Jones, and Adam Schwarz June 18, 1998.—HEARING: INDIA-PAKISTAN NUCLEAR PRO- LIFERATION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Karl Inderfurth, Hon. Robert Einhorn, and Hon. David Aron July 16, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 459, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none September 9, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 505, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: none 33 September 28, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUB- COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: HUMAN RIGHTS IN BURMA, 2172 Ray- burn, witnesses: Mr. Gare Smith, Hon. Ralph Boyce, Bo Hla- Tint, Ms. Maureen Aung Thwin, Ms. Michele Keegan, Mr. Thomas Vallely, and Ms. Mary Pack September 28, 1998.—HEARING: CAMBODIA: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Ralph Boyce, Hon. Steve Solarz, Mr. Lorne Craner, Mr. Eric Bjornlund, and Venerable Natha-Pandito Rithipol October 1, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE COMMITTEE ON RESOURCES: OVERSIGHT HEARING ON COMPACTS OF FREE ASSOCIATION WITH THE MARSHALL ISLANDS, FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA, AND PALAU, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Stanley Roth, Mr. Allen Stayman, Dr. Kurt Campbell, Mr. Philip Muller, Hon. Hersey Kyota, and Mr. Asterio Takesy D. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade February 12, 1997.—HEARING: THE FUTURE OF THE OVER- SEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION (OPIC), 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Jim Kolbe, Hon. Robert Andrews, Ms. Anne Predieri, Mr. Peter Ferrara, and Mr. Peter Bowe March 5, 1997.—HEARING: REPORT CARD ON NAFTA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Amo Houghton, Hon. David Bonior, Hon. Marcy Kaptur, Hon. Ira Shapiro, Hon. Regina Vargo, Mr. Ron Carey, Mr. Willard Workman, and Mr. Paul DiMare March 18, 1997.—HEARING: REVIEW OF THE OVERSEAS PRI- VATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION—AUTHORIZE, PRI- VATIZE, REFORM, OR TERMINATE, 2237 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Ruth Harkin, Mr. Thomas Schatz, Ms. Linda Powers, and Mr. Kevin Callwood March 19, 1997.—HEARING: INTERFERING WITH U.S. NA- TIONAL SECURITY INTERESTS: THE WORLD TRADE OR- GANIZATION AND THE EUROPEAN UNION CHALLENGE TO THE HELMS-BURTON BILL, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Bob Torricelli, Hon. Lincoln Diaz-Balart, Hon. Bob Menendez, Hon. Ernest Preeg, and Mr. Ignacio Sanchez, Esq. May 8, 1997.—HEARING: ENCRYPTION: INDIVIDUAL RIGHT TO PRIVACY VS. NATIONAL SECURITY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. William Reinsch, Hon. William Crowell, Hon. Robert Litt, Mr. Humphrey Polanen, Mr. Jerry Berman, Mr. Tom Parenty, and Mr. Stephen Walker May 13, 1997.—HEARING: THE FUTURE OF THE EXPORT AD- MINISTRATION ACT AND OVERALL ADMINISTRATION OF EXPORT CONTROLS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Thomas McNamara, Hon. William Reinsch, Hon. Michael Wallerstein, Hon. Paul Freedenberg, Mr. Joel Johnson, and Mr. Peter McCloskey June 24, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 695, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none July 9, 1997.—HEARING: FAST TRACK, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, AND BEYOND: DOES THE ROAD LEAD TO A FUTURE FREE TRADE AREA OF THE AMERICAS?, 2172 Rayburn, 34 witnesses: Mr. Charles Jainarain, Mr. Thomas O’Keefe, Mr. John Sweeney, Ms. Thea Lee, Mr. Ramon Rasco, and Ms. Arely Castellon July 16, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 2064, 2237 Rayburn, witnesses: none July 23, 1997.—HEARING: MICROCREDIT AND MICROENTER- PRISE: THE ROAD TO SELF-RELIANCE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Amo Houghton, Hon. Tony Hall, Mr. Mark Schneider, Mr. Mannan Talukdar, Ms. Kathleen Gordon, Mr. Elveton Newton, Ms. Elisa Crespo, and Mr. Lawrence Yanovitch September 10, 1997.—HEARING: THE TRANSATLANTIC INITIA- TIVE: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Franklin Vargo, Hon. Paula Stern, Mr. Wil- liam Berry, and Mr. Claude Barfield September 16, 1997.—HEARING: FAST TRACK: ON COURSE OR DERAILED? NECESSARY OR NOT?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. William Pryce, Mr. Jerry Haar, Ms. Thea Lee, Mr. Duncan Cameron, Mr. Gregory Woodward, and Mr. William Bryst September 24, 1997.—HEARING: FAST TRACK—PART II, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Stuart Eizenstat, and Hon. Timothy Hauser October 22, 1997.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMIT- TEE ON INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: THE IMPACT OF CHILD LABOR ON FREE TRADE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. R.J. Taylor, Mr. Ed- ward Potter, Esq., Mr. Robert Hall, and Mr. Anthony Freeman November 6, 1997.—HEARING: FAST TRACK: THE DEBATE CONTINUES, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses, Hon. Patrick Bu- chanan, Mr. William Perry, and Mr. Willard Workman February 4, 1998.—HEARING: FINANCIAL CRISIS IN ASIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Lawrence H. Summers, Hon. Stuart Eizenstat, Prof. Stephan Haggard, Mr. David L. Sokol, and Mr. Marcus Noland March 5, 1998.—HEARING: MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON INVESTMENT: WIN, LOSE, OR DRAW FOR THE U.S.?, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Alan Larson, Mr. Scott Nova, Ms. Lori Wallach, Mr. Willard Berry, Mr. Stephen Canner, and Mr. Robert Stumberg March 11, 1998.—HEARING: HELMS-BURTON: TWO YEARS LATER, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Michael Rannenberger, Mr. Francisco Hernandez, Dr. Claudio Benedi, Mr. Jorge Fernandez, and Mr. Ralph Galliano March 30, 1998.—HEARING: WTO-SETTLEMENT BODY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Alan Larson, Ms. Susan Esserman, Prof. William Lash, Mr. Dale Moore, and Mr. Jesus Permuy April 23, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: JAPAN’S ROLE IN THE ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. James Glassman, Mr. Robert Grondine, Mr. Peter Walters, and Mr. Richard Katz April 29, 1998.—HEARING: TRADE IN THE AMERICAS: BE- YOND THE SANTIAGO SUMMIT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: 35 Hon. Richard Brown, Hon. Regina Vargo, Mr. Robert Scott, and Mr. Paul DiMare May 21, 1998.—HEARING: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: THE MUSIC AND FILM INDUSTRY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Bruce Lehman, Ms. Bonnie Richardson, Mr. Jason Berman, and Mr. Steven Metalitz June 11, 1998.—HEARING: MODERNIZATION OF U.S. CUS- TOMS: IMPLICATIONS ON TRADE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Stuart Seidel, Mr. Norm Shenk, Mr. Jonathan Kent, and Mr. Mike Lane June 24, 1998.—HEARING: CHINA AND ECONOMIC ENGAGE- MENT: SUCCESS OR FAILURE?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Frank Gaffney, Mr. Harry Wu, Mr. Ross Munro, Mr. Gary Bauer, Mr. Stephen Yates, and Mr. Bob Capps July 22, 1998.—HEARING: THE U.S. AND ITS TRADE DEFICIT: RESTORING THE BALANCE, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. David Aaron, Mr. Erik Gustafson, Mr. Daniel Griswold, and Mr. Peter Morici September 10, 1998.—HEARING: SANCTIONS REVISITED, 2172 Rayburn, Hon. Elliott Abrams, Mr. Frank Kittredge, Dr. Jaime Suchlicki, Mr. Roberto Arguello, Mr. Arthur Downey, Dr. Mya Maung, Mr. Peter McCloskey, and Dr. Richard Heideman October 7, 1998.—HEARING: OVERSIGHT HEARING ON EX-IM BANK, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. James Harmon, JayEtta Hecker, Mr. Clyde Prestowitz, Mr. Edmund Rice, Ms. Janice Shields, and Mr. Steve Fancher E. Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights February 26, 1997.—HEARING: DEPARTMENT OF STATE MAN- AGEMENT ISSUES, 2200 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Patrick Kennedy March 5, 1997.—HEARING: FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION FOR FY 1998–99: U.S. ARMS CONTROL AND DIS- ARMAMENT AGENCY, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. John Holum March 11, 1997.—HEARING: FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION FOR 1998–99: REFUGEES AND MIGRATION, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Phyllis Oakley March 13, 1997.—HEARING: FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION FOR FY 1998–99: U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY AND NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Dr. Joseph Duffey, Mr. David Burke, and Mr. Carl Gershman March 18, 1997.—HEARING: FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION FOR 1998–99: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZA- TIONS AND CONFERENCES, 2172 Rayburn, witness: Hon. Princeton Lyman April 10, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 1253, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none April 16, 1997.—HEARING: BURMESE REFUGEES IN THAI- LAND, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Gary Lane, Mr. Stephen Dun, Mr. Soe Pyne, and Rev. Richard Ryscavage 36 May 22, 1997.—HEARING: FORCED LABOR IN CHINA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Harry Wu, Mr. Fu Shengqi, Mr. Peter Levy, Ms. Maranda Yen Shieh, and Mr. Jeffrey Fiedler June 24, 1997.—HEARING: HUMAN RIGHTS IN NORTHERN IRELAND, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Ms. Maryam Elahi, Ms. Julia Hall, Mr. Michael Posner, Mr. Martin O’Brien, Mr. Ste- phen Livingstone, Mr. Michael Finucane, Mr. James Kelly, Mrs. Brenda Downes, Mr. Ed Wallace, and Ms. Mary Paglione September 18, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 2431, 2118 Rayburn, witnesses: none September 25, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 2232; AND H.R. 2358, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none October 9, 1997.—HEARING: HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE PEACE PROCESS IN NORTHERN IRELAND, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Martin O’Brien, Ms. Jane Winter, Ms. Julia Hall, Ms. Halya Gowan, and Ms. Elisa Massimino October 22, 1997.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMIT- TEE ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE: THE IMPACT OF CHILD LABOR ON FREE TRADE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. R.J. Taylor, Mr. Edward Potter, Esq., Mr. Robert Hall, and Mr. Anthony Freeman October 28, 1997.—HEARING: U.S./CHINA RELATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: IS CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT WORKING?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Harry Wu, Ms. Nina Shea, Dr. Allen Keller, T. Kumar, Shen Tong, and Rizvangul Uighur October 29, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 282; H. CON. RES. 172; H. RES. 231; AND H. CON. RES. 156, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none November 6, 1997.—HEARING: THE FIFTH SUMMIT OF THE ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION FORUM, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. John Wolf, Mr. Robert Denham, Hon. Bennett Johnston, and Dr. Fred Bergsten February 12, 1998.—MARKUP: H.R. 2678; AND S. Con. Res. 37, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: none February 24, 1998.—HEARING: ANNUAL OVERSIGHT OF REF- UGEE PROGRAMS, POLICIES, AND BUDGET, 2255 Ray- burn, witnesses: Hon. Julia Taft, Mr. William Frelick, Mr. Mark Franken, Mr. Fredrick Frank, Mr. Ralston Deffenbaugh, and Mr. Richard Gere February 25, 1998.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. RES. 364, AND THE PERUVIAN POPULATION CONTROL PROGRAM, 2167 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Mark Schneider, Dr. Hector Chavez Chuchon, Ms. Avelina Sanchez Nolberto, and Ms. Vic- toria Vigo Espinoza March 5, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA: THE ONGOING CRISIS IN THE GREAT LAKES, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Howard Wolpe, Mr. Salih Booker, Dr. Allison Des Forges, Mr. Roger Winter, and Mr. Adotei Akwei March 31, 1998.—HEARING: THE BETRAYAL OF SREBRENICA: WHY DID THE MASSACRE HAPPEN? WILL IT HAPPEN AGAIN?, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Ms. Bianca Jagger, Mr. 37 Hasan Nuhanovic, Ms. Diane Paul, Mr. Eric Stover, and Mr. John Heffernan May 5, 1998.—HEARING: RWANDA: GENOCIDE AND THE CONTINUING CYCLE OF VIOLENCE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Richard McCall, Mr. Dennis McNamara, Shaharyar Khan, Senator Alain Destexhe, Ms. Kathi Austin, Ms. Holly Burkhalter, Dr. Alison Des Forges, Mr. Jeff Drumtra, and Mr. Francois-Xavier Nsanzuwera May 7, 1998.—HEARING: HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDONESIA, 2220 Rayburn, witnesses: Dr. Stephanie Fried, Mr. Constancio Pinto, Mr. Jafar Hamzah, Ms. Aryati, and Mr. Pius Lustrilanang June 10, 1998.—HEARING: FORCED ABORTION AND STERI- LIZATION IN CHINA: A VIEW FROM THE INSIDE, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Ms. Gao Xiao Duan, Ms. Zhou Shiu Yon, and Mr. Harry Hongda Wu June 16, 1998.—HEARING: VICTIMS OF RELIGIOUS PERSECU- TION AROUND THE WORLD, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Ms. Ludvica Bukhshs, Dr. Firuz Kazemzedh, Mr. Parhat Yasin, Gyaltsen Wongmo, and Dr. Eliazar Veguilla June 26, 1998.—HEARING: HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHINA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Steven Rickard, Mr. Mike Jendrzejczyk, Xiao Quiang, Ms. Nina Shea, and Mr. Phil Fishman July 24, 1998.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H.R. 4083; H.R. 633; H. CON. RES. 185; AND H.R. 4309, AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDONESIA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. John Shattuck, and Hon. Franklin Kramer July 29, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA: CRISIS IN SUDAN AND NORTHERN UGAN- DA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Susan Rice, Ms. Carol Bel- lamy, Ms. Catherine Bertini, Ms. Jemera Rone, Mr. Daniel Eiffe, and Sister Mary Rose Atuu September 28, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUB- COMMITTEE ON ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: HUMAN RIGHTS IN BURMA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Gare Smith, Hon. Ralph Boyce, Bo Hla-Tint, Ms. Maureen Aung Thwin, Ms. Michele Keegan, Mr. Thomas Vallely, and Ms. Mary Pack F. Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere March 12, 1997.—HEARING: THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE TODAY: A ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Tom Dawson, Dr. Albert Fishlow, Dr. Abraham Lowenthal, Dr. William Perry, Dr. Riordan Roett, Hon. Mi- chael Skol, Hon. William Pryce, and Dr. Joseph Tulchin March 19, 1997.—HEARING: AN OVERVIEW OF U.S. POLICY IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Jeffrey Davidow, and Hon. Mark Schneider May 14, 1997.—HEARING: THE CARIBBEAN: AN OVERVIEW, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. John Hamilton, Mr. Joseph Sul- livan, Mr. Frank Calzon, and Dr. Georges Fauriol June 25, 1997.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. CON. RES. 88, AND A REVIEW OF ISSUES IN CENTRAL AMERICA, 2255 38 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. John Hamilton, Mr. Mark Schneider, Dr. Cynthia Arnson, and Dr. Michael Shifter July 16, 1997.—HEARING: THE ANTI-DRUG EFFORT IN THE AMERICAS: A MID-TERM REPORT, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Denny Hastert, Ms. Jane Becker, R. Admiral Wal- ter Doran, and Mr. James Milford September 17, 1997.—HEARING: AN OVERVIEW OF U.S. POL- ICY TOWARD MEXICO AND CANADA, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Dr. Delal Baer, Dr. Charles Doran, Dr. Raphael Fernandez de Castro, and Dr. Gordan Smith October 8, 1997.—HEARING: AN OVERVIEW OF U.S. POLICY TOWARD SOUTH AMERICA AND THE PRESIDENT’S UP- COMING TRIP TO THE REGION, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Amb. Jeffrey Davidow, Dr. Eduardo Gamarra, Dr. Mark Falcoff, and Mr. William Perry March 4, 1998.—HEARING AND MARKUP: THE VISIT OF HIS HOLINESS POPE JOHN PAUL II TO CUBA: AN ASSESS- MENT OF ITS IMPACT ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN CUBA, AND H. CON. RES. 222; H. CON. RES. 215; AND H. RES. 362, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Thomas E. Quigley, Mr. Jorge Dominguez, Mr. Shawn Malone, Mr. Rafael Penalver, and Mr. Leo Viota May 6, 1998.—HEARING: LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIB- BEAN: AN UPDATE AND SUMMARY OF THE SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Hon. Peter Ro- mero, and Mr. Mark Schneider May 13, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 254; AND H. RES. 421, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none July 29, 1998.—HEARING: CONFLICT RESOLUTION: CHIAPAS, MEXICO AND THE SEARCH FOR PEACE, 2200 Rayburn, witnesses: Dr. Roderic Camp, Mr. Carlos Tello Diaz, and Mr. Joel Solomon August 5, 1998.—HEARING: REGIONAL CONFLICT: COLOM- BIA’S INSURGENCY AND PROSPECTS FOR A PEACEFUL RESOLUTION, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: Mr. Michael Shifter, Dr. Marc Chernick, and Dr. Richard Downes APPENDIX I

LIST OF PRINTED HEARINGS AND MARKUPS OF FULL COMMITTEE AND SUBCOMMITTEES A. Full Committee January 31, 1997.—HEARING: COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES FOR 1996 February 11, 1997.—HEARING: THE ADMINISTRATION’S INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BUDGET REQUEST FOR FY98 February 25, 1997.—HEARING: THE ADMINISTRATION’S INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS BUDGET REQUEST FOR FY98 February 26, 1997.—HEARING: NEW THINKING ON FOREIGN ASSISTANCE March 4, 1997.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 17; AND H. CON. RES. 18 March 6, 1997.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 16; H. RES. 68; H.R. 750; H. J. RES. 58 March 11, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. ASSISTANCE TO THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION March 12, 1997.—HEARING: U.S.-RUSSIAN RELATIONS March 13, 1997.—HEARING: FOREIGN ASSISTANCE AND U.S. FOREIGN POLICY March 20, 1997.—HEARING: THE ADMINISTRATION’S SECU- RITY ASSISTANCE REQUEST FOR FY98 AND CONSIDER- ATION OF THE COMMITTEE’S VIEWS AND ESTIMATES FOR THE FY98 BUDGET RESOLUTION April 9, 1997.—HEARING: DOES U.N. PEACEKEEPING SERVE U.S. INTERESTS? April 10, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD EGYPT April 16, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 115 April 17, 1997.—HEARING: DOES U.N. PEACEKEEPING SERVE U.S. INTERESTS? PART II—ADMINISTRATION WIT- NESSES April 30 and May 1, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. ll, FOREIGN POL- ICY REFORM ACT May 6, 1997.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 73; AND H. RES. 103 May 7, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 121; H. CON. RES. 50; AND H. CON. RES. 63 June 10, 1997.—HEARING: TRADE PRIORITIES OF THE CLIN- TON ADMINISTRATION June 25, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD LEBANON June 25, 1997.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 88; H. CON. RES. 81; H.R. 2035; H. CON. RES. 99; H. RES. 175; H.R. 1432; AND H. CON. RES. 105 (39) 40 June 26, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. ENTERPRISE FUNDS IN EAST- ERN EUROPE AND THE STATES OF THE FORMER SO- VIET UNION July 16, 1997.—HEARING: THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS July 17, 1997.—HEARING: INSPECTOR GENERAL’S OVER- SIGHT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT July 22, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 695 July 23, 1997.—HEARING: IRAN LIBYA SANCTIONS ACT—ONE YEAR LATER July 24, 1997.—HEARING: GLOBAL CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONS: OBLIGATIONS OF DEVELOPED & DEVELOPING COUN- TRIES July 30, 1997.—HEARING: THE THREAT TO THE U.S. FROM EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES September 9, 1997.—HEARING: FREEDOM FROM RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION ACT OF 1997 September 10, 1997.—HEARING: FREEDOM FROM RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION ACT OF 1997 September 11, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 217; H. CON. RES. 139; AND H. CON. RES. 137 September 26, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 188 September 29, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 967; H.R. 2232; AND H.R. 2358 September 30, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 2386 October 1, 1997.—HEARING: THE THREAT FROM INTER- NATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME AND GLOBAL TERROR- ISM October 7, 1997.—HEARING: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE U.S.- CHINA NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENT: WHOSE INTERESTS ARE SERVED? October 9, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 1129; H. RES. 245; H. CON. RES. 130; AND H. CON. RES. 121 October 24, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 2709 October 29, 1997.—HEARING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN EUROPE October 31, 1997.—MARKUP: WALTER CAPPS RESOLUTION; H. CON. RES. 22; H. CON. RES. 152; H. RES. 273; H. RES. 282; H. CON. RES. 172; H. RES. 231; AND H. CON. RES. 156 November 5, 1997.—HEARING: SOLDIERS WITHOUT BOR- DERS: CRISIS IN CENTRAL AFRICA November 6, 1997.—HEARING: CURRENT STATUS OF NEGO- TIATIONS BETWEEN THE TIBETAN GOVERNMENT IN EXILE AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA November 7, 1997.—HEARING: BOSNIA: THE U.S. ROLE November 13, 1997.—HEARING AND MARKUP: BONN TO KYOTO: THE ADMINISTRATION’S POSITION ON THE CLI- MATE CHANGE TREATY AND H. RES. ll December 9, 1997.—HEARING: POLICY TOWARDS HAITI FOL- LOWING THE WITHDRAWAL OF UN FORCES February 4, 1998.—HEARING: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE U.S.-CHINA NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENT AND 41 A CONSIDERATION OF A MOTION TO GO INTO EXECU- TIVE SESSION February 12, 1998.—HEARING: THE PRESIDENT’S FY99 INTER- NATIONAL AFFAIRS BUDGET REQUEST February 25, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. OPTIONS IN CONFRONT- ING IRAQ February 26, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. NARCOTICS POLICY TO- WARD COLOMBIA March 4, 1998.—HEARING: THE TROPICAL FOREST PROTEC- TION ACT, H.R. 2870 March 5, 1998.—HEARING: THE PRESIDENT’S FOREIGN AS- SISTANCE BUDGET REQUEST FOR FY99 March 10, 1998.—HEARING: DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST March 11, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 227; H.R. 2870; H. RES. 364; H. RES. 361; AND VIEWS AND ESTIMATES ON THE PRESIDENT’S FY 1999 150 BUDGET REQUEST March 12, 1998.—HEARING AND MARKUP: PROSPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF DAYTON AGREEMENTS AND THE NEW NATO MISSION IN BOSNIA AND H. CON. RES. 235; AND H. RES. 373 March 18, 1998.—HEARING: THE PEACE CORPS: 10,000 VOL- UNTEERS BY THE YEAR 2000 March 25, 1998.—MARKUP: H.R. 2431 March 26, 1998.—HEARING: REVIEW OF U.S. ASSISTANCE TO RUSSIA, THE UKRAINE AND THE NEW INDEPENDENT STATES March 26, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 398 March 31, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. NARCOTICS POLICY TO- WARD COLOMBIA April 1, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 350; H. CON. RES. 218; H. RES. 374; H. CON. RES. 222; H. CON. RES. 215; S. CON. RES. 37; AND H.J. RES. 102 April 23, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 220 April 29, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. ANNUAL DRUG CERTIFI- CATION PROCESS April 30, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. ROLE IN THE CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA May 7, 1998.—HEARING: ISSUES IN U.S.-EUROPEAN UNION TRADE: EUROPEAN PRIVACY LEGISLATION AND BIO- TECHNOLOGY/FOOD SAFETY POLICY May 13, 1998.—HEARING: THE KYOTO PROTOCOL: PROB- LEMS WITH U.S. SOVEREIGNTY AND THE LACK OF DE- VELOPING COUNTRY PARTICIPATION May 20, 1998.—HEARING: ERADICATION AND ELIMINATION OF SIX INFECTIOUS DISEASES June 3, 1998.—HEARING: HOW SANCTIONS CAN AFFECT U.S. POLICY INTERESTS June 4, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM AND OVERSIGHT: THE SALE OF BODY PARTS BY THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA June 5, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 270; H. RES. 392; AND H. RES. 404 42 June 16, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT REFORM AND OVERSIGHT: THE SALE OF BODY PARTS BY THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, PART II June 17, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY: U.S. POLICY REGARDING THE EX- PORT OF SATELLITES TO CHINA—PRIVATE WITNESSES June 17, 1998.—A WORLDWIDE REVIEW OF THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION’S POW/MIA POLICIES AND PROGRAMS June 18, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY: U.S. POLICY REGARDING THE EX- PORT OF SATELLITES TO CHINA—ADMINISTRATION WITNESSES June 24, 1998.—HEARING: COLOMBIAN HEROIN CRISIS June 25, 1998.—HEARING: PROSPECTS FOR DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA July 16, 1998.—HEARING: THE U.S. AND RUSSIA: ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP July 21, 1998.—MARKUP: H. J. RES. 125; H.R. 4095; H. RES. 459; H. CON. RES. 277; H. RES. 469; H. RES. 421; H. CON. RES. 224; AND H. CON. RES. 254 July 22, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 292; H.R. 4283; H. RES. 415; H.R. 3743; H. RES. 362; AND H. RES. 475 July 23, 1998.—HEARING: KOSOVO—CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE OPTIONS July 29, 1998.—HEARING: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST August 6, 1998.—HEARING: HEIRLESS PROPERTY ISSUES OF THE HOLOCAUST August 6, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 185; H.R. 4083; H.R. 633; AND H.R. 4309 September 16, 1998.—HEARING: THE SPREAD OF AIDS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD September 24, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD NORTH KOREA October 2, 1998.—MARKUP: H.R. 4660; H.R. 4655; H.R. 4506; H. RES. 523; H. CON. RES. 295; H. CON. RES. 309; H. CON. RES. 320; H. CON. RES. 331; H. RES. 518; H. RES. 533; H. RES. 562; AND H. RES. 557 B. Subcommittee on Africa March 13, 1997.—HEARING: IMPACT OF U.S. DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA March 19, 1997.—HEARING: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA’S NATURAL RESOURCES April 8, 1997.—HEARING: ZAIRE: COLLAPSE OF AN AFRICAN GIANT? April 24, 1997.—HEARING: ANGOLA’S GOVERNMENT OF NA- TIONAL UNITY May 21, 1997.—HEARING: OBSTACLES TO U.S.-AFRICAN TRADE AND INVESTMENT May 22, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 1432 June 18, 1997.—HEARING: AFRICA’S EMERGING CAPITAL MARKETS 43 June 24, 1997.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. CON. RES. 99; H. RES. 175 AND THE LIBERIAN ELECTION: A NEW HOPE? July 15, 1997.—HEARING: THE IMPACT OF RADIO ON AFRI- CAN DEMOCRACY July 30, 1997.—HEARING: KENYA’S ELECTION CRISIS September 18, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD NIGE- RIA October 1, 1997.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 130 October 8, 1997.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. RES. 245 AND THE AFRICA CRISIS RESPONSE INITIATIVE October 23, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 273 October 30, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 260 February 5, 1998.—HEARING: ALGERIA’S TURMOIL March 4, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 373; AND H. CON. RES. 374, 2255 Rayburn, witnesses: none March 5, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: THE ONGOING CRISIS IN THE GREAT LAKES March 17, 1998.—HEARING: PREVIEW OF PRESIDENT CLIN- TON’S HISTORIC VISIT TO AFRICA May 7, 1998.—HEARING: AFRICA IN THE WORLD ECONOMY May 20, 1998.—HEARING: ANTI-CORRUPTION EFFORTS IN AFRICA June 11, 1998.—HEARING: RECONSTRUCTING SIERRA LEONE June 24, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 415; AND H. CON. RES. 292 July 15, 1998.—HEARING: COMBATING INTERNATIONAL CRIME IN AFRICA July 29, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: CRISIS IN SUDAN AND NORTHERN UGANDA, C. Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific February 13, 1997.—HEARING: HONG KONG’S REVERSION TO THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA February 26, 1997.—HEARING: ENGAGING THE HERMIT KINGDOM: U.S. POLICY TOWARD NORTH KOREA March 5, 1997.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. CON. RES. 16; H. RES. 68; AND H.R. 750 AND USAID ACTIVITIES IN ASIA AND THE CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS March 12, 1997.—HEARING: DEMOCRATIC CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN SOUTH ASIA April 23, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 121 May 7, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY TOWARD INDONESIA June 18, 1997.—HEARING: U.S.-VIETNAM RELATIONS July 16, 1997.—HEARING: FAMILIAR GROUND: THE BREAK- DOWN OF DEMOCRACY IN CAMBODIA AND IMPLICA- TIONS FOR U.S. FOREIGN POLICY July 24, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 195; H. CON. RES. 74; H. RES. 157 September 17, 1997.—HEARING: U.S. DEMOCRACY PRO- MOTION PROGRAMS IN ASIA September 30, 1997.—HEARING: THE CLINTON ADMINISTRA- TION’S POLICY TOWARD ASIA 44 October 22, 1997.—HEARING: THE CLINTON ADMINISTRA- TION’S POLICY TOWARD SOUTH ASIA October 29, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 282; H. CON. RES. 172; H. RES. 231; H. CON. RES. 162; and H. CON. RES. 156 November 6, 1997—HEARING: THE FIFTH SUMMIT OF THE ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION FORUM February 4, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMIT- TEE ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE: FINANCIAL CRISIS IN ASIA February 12, 1998.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. RES. 350, AND U.S. INTERESTS IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN REPUB- LICS February 26, 1998.—HEARING: SHATTERED DREAM: THE UN- CERTAIN STATE OF DEMOCRACY IN CAMBODIA March 5, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 364; H. RES. 361; AND H. CON. RES. 218 April 23, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE: JAPAN’S ROLE IN THE ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS April 30, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY OPTIONS TOWARD CHINA: RULE OF LAW AND DEMOCRATIC PROGRAMS May 7, 1998.—HEARING: TRADITION AND TRANS- FORMATION: U.S. SECURITY INTERESTS IN ASIA May 14, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 392; AND H. RES. 404, 2172 Rayburn, witnesses: none May 20, 1998.—HEARING: U.S.-TAIWAN RELATIONS May 21, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 270 June 4, 1998.—HEARING: U.S. POLICY OPTIONS TOWARD IN- DONESIA: WHAT WE CAN EXPECT, WHAT WE CAN DO, June 18, 1998.—HEARING: INDIA-PAKISTAN NUCLEAR PRO- LIFERATION July 16, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 459 September 9, 1998.—MARKUP: H. RES. 505 September 28, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUB- COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: HUMAN RIGHTS IN BURMA September 28, 1998.—HEARING: CAMBODIA: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? October 1, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE COMMITTEE ON RESOURCES: OVERSIGHT HEARING ON COMPACTS OF FREE ASSOCIATION WITH THE MARSHALL ISLANDS, FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA, AND PALAU D. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade February 12, 1997.—HEARING: THE FUTURE OF THE OVER- SEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION (OPIC) March 5, 1997.—HEARING: REPORT CARD ON NAFTA March 18, 1997.—HEARING: REVIEW OF THE OVERSEAS PRI- VATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION—AUTHORIZE, PRI- VATIZE, REFORM, OR TERMINATE March 19, 1997.—HEARING: INTERFERING WITH U.S. NA- TIONAL SECURITY INTERESTS: THE WORLD TRADE OR- GANIZATION AND THE EUROPEAN UNION CHALLENGE TO THE HELMS-BURTON BILL 45 May 8, 1997.—HEARING: ENCRYPTION: INDIVIDUAL RIGHT TO PRIVACY VS. NATIONAL SECURITY May 13, 1997.—HEARING: THE FUTURE OF THE EXPORT AD- MINISTRATION ACT AND OVERALL ADMINISTRATION OF EXPORT CONTROLS June 24, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 695 July 9, 1997.—HEARING: FAST TRACK, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, AND BEYOND: DOES THE ROAD LEAD TO A FUTURE FREE TRADE AREA OF THE AMERICAS? July 16, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 2064, 2237 Rayburn, witnesses: none July 23, 1997.—HEARING: MICROCREDIT AND MICROENTER- PRISE: THE ROAD TO SELF- RELIANCE September 10, 1997.—HEARING: THE TRANSATLANTIC INITIA- TIVE: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS September 16, 1997.—HEARING: FAST TRACK: ON COURSE OR DERAILED? NECESSARY OR NOT? September 24, 1997.—HEARING: FAST TRACK—PART II October 22, 1997.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMIT- TEE ON INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: THE IMPACT OF CHILD LABOR ON FREE TRADE November 6, 1997.—HEARING: FAST TRACK: THE DEBATE CONTINUES February 4, 1998.—HEARING: FINANCIAL CRISIS IN ASIA March 5, 1998.—HEARING: MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON INVESTMENT: WIN, LOSE, OR DRAW FOR THE U.S.? March 11, 1998.—HEARING: HELMS-BURTON: TWO YEARS LATER March 30, 1998.—HEARING: WTO-SETTLEMENT BODY April 23, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: JAPAN’S ROLE IN THE ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS April 29, 1998.—HEARING: TRADE IN THE AMERICAS: BE- YOND THE SANTIAGO SUMMIT May 21,1998.—HEARING: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: THE MUSIC AND FILM INDUSTRY June 11, 1998.—HEARING: MODERNIZATION OF U.S. CUS- TOMS: IMPLICATIONS ON TRADE June 24, 1998.—HEARING: CHINA AND ECONOMIC ENGAGE- MENT: SUCCESS OR FAILURE? July 22, 1998.—HEARING: THE U.S. AND ITS TRADE DEFICIT: RESTORING THE BALANCE September 10, 1998.—HEARING: SANCTIONS REVISITED E. Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights February 26, 1997.—HEARING: DEPARTMENT OF STATE MAN- AGEMENT ISSUES March 5, 1997.—HEARING: FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION FOR FY 1998–99: U.S. ARMS CONTROL AND DIS- ARMAMENT AGENCY March 11, 1997.—HEARING: FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION FOR 1998–99: REFUGEES AND MIGRATION 46 March 13, 1997.—HEARING: FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION FOR FY 1998–99: U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY AND NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY March 18, 1997.—HEARING: FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION FOR 1998–99: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZA- TIONS AND CONFERENCES April 10, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 1253 April 16, 1997.—HEARING: BURMESE REFUGEES IN THAI- LAND May 22, 1997.—HEARING: FORCED LABOR IN CHINA June 24, 1997.—HEARING: HUMAN RIGHTS IN NORTHERN IRELAND September 18, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 2431 September 25, 1997.—MARKUP: H.R. 2232; AND H.R. 2358 October 9, 1997.—HEARING: HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE PEACE PROCESS IN NORTHERN IRELAND October 22, 1997.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMIT- TEE ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE: THE IMPACT OF CHILD LABOR ON FREE TRADE October 28, 1997.—HEARING: U.S./CHINA RELATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: IS CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT WORKING? October 29, 1997.—MARKUP: H. RES. 282; H. CON. RES. 172; H. RES. 231; AND H. CON. RES. 156 November 6, 1997.—HEARING: THE FIFTH SUMMIT OF THE ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION FORUM February 12, 1998.—MARKUP: H.R. 2678; AND S. Con. Res. 37 February 24, 1998.—HEARING: ANNUAL OVERSIGHT OF REF- UGEE PROGRAMS, POLICIES, AND BUDGET February 25, 1998.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H. RES. 364, AND THE PERUVIAN POPULATION CONTROL PROGRAM March 5, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA: THE ONGOING CRISIS IN THE GREAT LAKES March 31, 1998.—HEARING: THE BETRAYAL OF SREBRENICA: WHY DID THE MASSACRE HAPPEN? WILL IT HAPPEN AGAIN? May 5, 1998.—HEARING: RWANDA: GENOCIDE AND THE CONTINUING CYCLE OF VIOLENCE May 7, 1998.—HEARING: HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDONESIA June 10, 1998.—HEARING: FORCED ABORTION AND STERI- LIZATION IN CHINA: A VIEW FROM THE INSIDE June 16, 1998.—HEARING: VICTIMS OF RELIGIOUS PERSECU- TION AROUND THE WORLD June 26, 1998.—HEARING: HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHINA July 24, 1998.—MARKUP AND HEARING: H.R. 4083; H.R. 633; H. CON. RES. 185; AND H.R. 4309, AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDONESIA July 29, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA: CRISIS IN SUDAN AND NORTHERN UGANDA September 28, 1998.—JOINT HEARING WITH THE SUB- COMMITTEE ON ASIA AND THE PACIFIC: HUMAN RIGHTS IN BURMA 47 F. Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere March 12, 1997.—HEARING: THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE TODAY: A ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION March 19, 1997.—HEARING: AN OVERVIEW OF U.S. POLICY IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE May 14, 1997.—HEARING: THE CARIBBEAN: AN OVERVIEW June 25, 1997.—HEARING: A REVIEW OF ISSUES IN CENTRAL AMERICA July 16, 1997.—HEARING: THE ANTI-DRUG EFFORT IN THE AMERICAS: A MID-TERM REPORT September 17, 1997.—HEARING: AN OVERVIEW OF U.S. POL- ICY TOWARD MEXICO AND CANADA October 8, 1997.—HEARING: AN OVERVIEW OF U.S. POLICY TOWARD SOUTH AMERICA AND THE PRESIDENT’S UP- COMING TRIP TO THE REGION March 4, 1998.—HEARING: THE VISIT OF HIS HOLINESS POPE JOHN PAUL II TO CUBA: AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS IMPACT ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN CUBA May 6, 1998.—HEARING: LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIB- BEAN: AN UPDATE AND SUMMARY OF THE SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS May 13, 1998.—MARKUP: H. CON. RES. 254; AND H. RES. 421 July 29, 1998.—HEARING: CONFLICT RESOLUTION: CHIAPAS, MEXICO AND THE SEARCH FOR PEACE August 5, 1998.—HEARING: REGIONAL CONFLICT: COLOM- BIA’S INSURGENCY AND PROSPECTS FOR A PEACEFUL RESOLUTION

APPENDIX II

WITNESSES BEFORE FULL COMMITTEE AND SUBCOMMITTEES DURING THE 105th CONGRESS During the 105th Congress, the full committee and its subcommittees took testimony from witnesses in legislative and consultative hearings. Witnesses were drawn from the executive branch, Members of Congress and private citizens with particular expertise. In addition, the full committee and subcommittees received distinguished visitors from other countries. The key to abbreviations is as follows: SubIEPT—Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade. SubIOPHR—Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights. SubWHEM—Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere. SubAP—Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific. SubAF—Subcommittee on Africa. A. Congressional Witnesses—1997 Andrews, Honorable Robert E., Member of Congress, hearing before SubIEPT, February 12, 1997 (The Future of the Overseas Pri- vate Investment Corporation (OPIC)). Bonior, Honorable David, House Democratic Whip, hearing before SubIEPT, March 4, 1997 (Report Card on NAFTA). Diaz-Balart, Honorable Lincoln, Member of Congress, hearing before SubIEPT, March 19, 1997 (Interfering With U.S. National Security Interests: The World Trade Organization and the Eu- ropean Union Challenge to the Helms-Burton Bill). Hall, Honorable Tony, Member of Congress, hearing before SubIEPT, July 23, 1997 (Microcredit and Microenterprise: The Road to Self-Reliance). Hastert, Honorable Dennis, a Representative from the State of Illi- nois, hearing before SubWHEM, July 16, 1997 (The Anti-Drug Effort in the Americas: A Mid-Term Report). Houghton, Honorable Amo, Member of Congress, hearing before SubIEPT, March 4, 1997 (Report Card on NAFTA); hearing before SubIEPT, July 23, 1997 (Microcredit and Microenterprise: The Road to Self-Reliance). Jefferson, Honorable William J., Member of Congress, hearing before SubAF, September 18, 1997 (United States Policy Toward Nigeria). Kaptur, Honorable Marcy, Member of Congress, hearing before SubIEPT, March 4, 1997 (Report Card on NAFTA). (49) 50 Kolbe, Honorable Jim, Member of Congress, hearing before SubIEPT, February 12, 1997 (The Future of the Overseas Pri- vate Investment Corporation (OPIC)). Menendez, Honorable Bob, Member of Congress, hearing before SubIEPT, March 19, 1997 (Interfering With U.S. National Se- curity Interests: The World Trade Organization and the Euro- pean Union Challenge to the Helms-Burton Bill). Payne, Honorable Donald M., Member of Congress, hearing before SubAF, July 30, 1997 (Kenya’s Election Crisis). Shaw, Honorable J. Clay, Member of Congress, hearing before SubAF, March 19, 1997 (Economic Development of Africa’s Natural Resources). Specter, Honorable Arlen, United States Senator, September 9, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1997). Strickland, Honorable Ted, Member of Congress, hearing before full committee, September 9, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Perse- cution Act of 1997). Torricelli, Honorable Robert, United States Senator, hearing before SubIEPT, March 19, 1997 (Interfering With U.S. National Se- curity Interests: The World Trade Organization and the Euro- pean Union Challenge to the Helms-Burton Bill). Wolf, Honorable Frank, Member of Congress, hearing before full committee, September 9, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Perse- cution Act of 1997). B. Executive Branch Witnesses—1997 Aaron, Honorable David L., U.S. Ambassador to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), hearing before SubIEPT, June 4, 1997 (The Future of U.S.-European Trade Relations). Albright, Honorable Madeleine, Secretary of State, Department of State, hearing before full committee, February 6, 1997 (Admin- istration’s International Affairs Budget Request for FY98). Atwood, Honorable J. Brian, Administrator, Agency for Inter- national Development, hearing before SubAP, February 25, 1997 (The Administration’s FY98 Foreign Assistance Budget Request); hearing before full committee, July 16, 1997 (The Democratic Republic of Congo: Problems and Prospects). Bader, Jeffrey, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAP, February 13, 1997, (Hong Kong’s Reversion to the Peo- ple’s Republic of China); hearing before SubAP, April 23 1997 (Sino-American Relations and U.S. Policy Options); hearing before SubAP and SubIEPT, June 18, 1997 (U.S.-Vietnam Rela- tions). Barshefsky, Honorable Charlene, U.S. Trade Representative, hearing before full committee, June 10, 1997 (Trade Priorities of the Clinton Administration). Becker, Jane, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Depart- ment of State, hearing before SubWHEM, July 16, 1997 (The Anti-Drug Effort in the Americas: A Mid-Term Report). Brazeal, Honorable Aurelia, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, United States Department of 51 State, hearing before SubAP, May 7, 1997 (U.S. Policy Toward Indochina); hearing before SubAP, July 15, 1997 (Familiar Ground: The Breakdown of Democracy in Cambodia and Impli- cations for U.S. Foreign Policy). Campbell, Dr. Kurt, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U. S. Department of Defense, hearing before SubAP, February 18, 1997 (Engaging the Hermit Kingdom: U.S. Policy Toward North Korea). Carson, Honorable Johnnie, Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Africa, hearing before SubAF, September 18, 1997 (United States Policy Toward Nigeria). Cohen, Honorable William, Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense, hearing before full committee, March 20, 1997 (The Administration’s Security Assistance Request for FY98). Collins, Honorable James F., Ambassador-at-Large for the New Independent States, Department of State, hearing before full committee, March 12, 1997 (U.S.-Russian Relations). Craig, Greg, Special Coordinator for Tibetan Issues, Department of State, hearing before full committee, November 6, 1997 (Cur- rent Status of Negotiations Between the Tibetan Government in Exile and the People’s Republic of China). Crowell, Honorable William, Deputy Director, National Security Agency, hearing before SubIEPT, May 8, 1997 (Encryption: In- dividual Right to Privacy vs. National Security). Davidow, Honorable Jeffrey, Assistant Secretary for Inter-Amer- ican Affairs, U.S. State Department, hearing before SubWHEM, March 17, 1997 (An Overview of U.S. Policy in the Western Hemisphere); hearing before SubWHEM, October 8, 1997 (An Overview of U.S. Policy toward South America and the President’s Upcoming Trip to the Region). Dine, Honorable Thomas, Assistant Administrator for Europe and the New Independent States, U. S. Agency for International Development, hearing before SubAP, March 5, 1997 (AID Ac- tivities in Asia and the Central Asian Republics); hearing before full committee, March 11, 1997 (U.S. Assistance to the Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union); Assist- ant Administrator, Bureau for Europe and the Newly Inde- pendent States, hearing before full committee, June 26, 1997 (United States Enterprise Funds in Eastern Europe and the States of the Former Soviet Union). Doran, R. Admiral Walter, Deputy Commander In-Chief, U.S. Southern Command, Department of Defense, July 16, 1997 (The Anti-Drug Effort in the Americas: A Mid-Term Report). Duffey, Joseph, Director, U.S. Information Agency, hearing before SubIOPHR, March 13, 1997 (Foreign Relations Authorization for FY 1998–99: U.S. Information Agency and National Endow- ment for Democracy). Eizenstat, Honorable Stuart, Under Secretary for Economic and Agricultural Affairs, Department of State, hearing before SubIEPT, September 24, 1997 (Fast Track—Part II, Continu- ation of September 16th Hearing: ‘‘Fast Track: On Course or Derailed? Necessary or Not?’’). Freeh, Honorable Louis J., Director, Federal Bureau of Investiga- tion, hearing before full committee, October 1, 1997 (The 52 Threat from International Organized Crime and Global Terror- ism). Gelbard, Ambassador Robert, Special Representative of the Presi- dent and the Secretary of State for Implementation of the Day- ton Peace Accords, hearing before full committee, November 7, 1997 (Bosnia: The U.S. Role). Gordon, David, Overseas Development Council, hearing before full committee, February 26, 1997 (New Thinking on Foreign As- sistance). Greenlee, Ambassador David, Special Haiti Coordinator, Depart- ment of State, hearing before full committee, December 9, 1997 (Policy Towards Haiti Following the Withdrawal of U.N. Forces). Hales, David, Deputy Assistant Administrator, Global Center for Environment, hearing before full committee, July 24, 1997 (Global Climate Negotiations: Obligations of Developed & De- veloping Countries). Hamilton, John, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Central America and the Caribbean, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubWHEM, May 14, 1997 (The Caribbean: An Overview); hearing before SubWHEM, June 25, 1997 (A Review of Issues in Central America). Hare, Honorable Paul, U.S. Special Representative to Angola, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAF, April 24, 1997 (Angola’s Government of National Unity). Hauser, Honorable Timothy, Under Secretary for International Trade Administration, hearing before SubIEPT, September 24, 1997 (Fast Track-Part II, Continuation of September 16th hearing; ‘‘Fast Track: On Course or Derailed? Necessary or Not?’’). Holmes, Honorable James, Coordinator for Eastern European As- sistance, Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs, Depart- ment of State, hearing before full committee, June 26, 1997 (United States Enterprise Funds in Eastern Europe and the States of the Former Soviet Union). Holum, Honorable John D., Director, U.S. Arms Control and Disar- mament Agency, hearing before SubIOPHR, March 5, 1997 (Foreign Relations Authorization for FY 1998–99: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency). Jeter, Honorable Howard, U.S. Special Envoy to Liberia, U.S. De- partment of State, hearing before SubAF, June 24, 1997 (The Liberian Election: A New Hope?). Kartman, Charles, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs (acting), U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAP, February 26, 1997 (Engaging the Hermit King- dom: U.S. Policy Toward North Korea). Kennedy, Honorable Patrick, Acting Undersecretary for Manage- ment, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 26, 1997 (Department of State Management Initia- tives). Kern, Vincent D., III, Deputy Assistant Secretary for African Af- fairs, U.S. Department of Defense, hearing before SubAF, April 8, 1997 (Zaire: Collapse of an African Giant?); hearing before SubAF, October 8, 1997 (The Africa Crisis Response Initiative). 53 Klose, Kevin, Director, U.S. International Broadcasting Bureau, hearing before SubAF and SubIOPHR, July 15, 1997 (The Im- pact of Radio on African Democracy). Lang, Jeffrey M., Deputy United States Trade Representative, hearing before SubIEPT, May 21, 1997 (Obstacles to U.S.-Afri- can Trade and Investment). Larsen, Honorable Alan, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, Department of State, hearing before full committee, July 23, 1997 (Iran Libya Sanctions Act—One Year Later). Lieberman, Evelyn, Director, Voice of America, hearing before SubAF and SubIOPHR, July 15, 1997 (The Impact of Radio on African Democracy). Litt, Honorable Robert, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Crimi- nal Division, U.S. Department of Justice, hearing before SubIEPT, May 8, 1997 (Encryption: Individual Right to Pri- vacy vs. National Security). Lord, Honorable Winston, former Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, hearing before SubAP, April 23, 1997 (Sino-American Relations and U.S. Policy Options). Lyman, Honorable Princeton, Acting Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of International Organization Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubIOPHR, March 18, 1997 (Foreign Relations Authorization for FY 1998–99: International Organi- zations and Conferences); hearing before full committee, April 17, 1997 (Does U.N. Peacekeeping Serve U.S. Interests? Part II: Administration Witnesses). McCallie, Marshall, Special Coordinator/ACRI, Bureau for Africa, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAF, October 8, 1997 (The Africa Crisis Response Initiative). McKune, Kenneth, Deputy Coordinator for Regional Policy Affairs, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, Department of State, hearing before full committee, June 25, 1997 (United States Policy Towards Lebanon). McNamara, Honorable Thomas, Assistant Secretary of State, Bu- reau of Politico-Military Affairs, hearing before SubIEPT, May 13, 1997 (The Future of the Export Administration Act and Overall Administration of Export Controls). Milford, James, Deputy Administrator, Drug Enforcement Agency, hearing before SubWHEM, July 16, 1997 (The Anti-Drug Ef- fort in the Americas: A Mid-Term Report); hearing before full committee, December 9, 1997 (Policy Towards Haiti Following the Withdrawal of U.N. Forces). Moose, Honorable George, Assistant Secretary of State for Africa, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAF, March 13, 1997 (Impact of U.S. Development Assistance in Africa); hearing before SubAF, April 8, 1997 (Zaire: Collapse of an African Giant?); hearing before SubAF, April 24, 1997 (Angola’s Gov- ernment of National Unity). Morningstar, Ambassador Richard, Coordinator of U.S. Assistance to the Newly Independent States, U.S. Department of State, hearing before full committee, March 11, 1997 (U.S. Assistance to the Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union); Special Advisor to the President and Secretary of State on As- 54 sistance to the Newly Independent States and Coordinator etc., hearing before full committee, June 26, 1997 (United States Enterprise Funds in Eastern Europe and the States of the Former Soviet Union). Oakley, Honorable Phyllis E., Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Popu- lation, Refugees, and Migration, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubIOPHR, March 11, 1997 (Foreign Relations Authorization for FY 1998–99). Peasley, Honorable Carol, Acting Assistant Administrator for Afri- ca, U.S. Agency for International Development, hearing before SubAF, March 13, 1997 (Impact of U.S. Development Assist- ance in Africa); hearing before SubAF, July 30, 1997 (Kenya’s Election Crisis). Pickering, Honorable Thomas, Under Secretary for Political Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before full committee, July 16, 1997 (The Democratic Republic of Congo: Problems and Prospects). Raphel, Honorable Robin L., Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAP, March 12, 1997 (Democratic Continuity and Change in South Asia). Reinsch, Honorable William, Under Secretary of Commerce, Bu- reau of Export Administration, hearing before SubIEPT, May 8, 1997 (Encryption: Individual Right to Privacy vs. National Security); hearing before SubIEPT, May 13, 1997 (The Future of the Export Administration Act and Overall Administration of Export Controls). Richardson, Honorable Bill, U.S. Ambassador to the United Na- tions, hearing before full committee, November 5, 1997 (Sol- diers Without Borders: Crisis in Central Africa). Roth, Honorable Stanley, Assistant Secretary of State of East Asian and Pacific Affairs (invited), hearing before SubAP, Sep- tember 30, 1997 (The Clinton Administration’s Policy Toward Asia). Rush, Honorable Jeffrey, Inspector General, Agency for Inter- national Development, hearing before full committee, July 17, 1997 (Inspector General’s Oversight of the Department of State and Agency for International Development). Samet, Honorable Andrew, Acting Deputy Secretary for Inter- national Labor Affairs, Department of Labor, hearing before SubIEPT and SubIOPHR, October 22, 1997 (The Impact of Child Labor on Free Trade). Schneider, Honorable Mark, Assistant Administrator for Latin American and Caribbean Affairs, U.S. Agency for International Development, hearing before SubWHEM, March 17, 1997 (An Overview of U.S. Policy in the Western Hemisphere); hearing before SubWHEM, June 25, 1997 (A Review of Issues in Cen- tral America); hearing before SubIEPT, July 23, 1997 (Micro- credit and Microenterprise: The Road to Self-Reliance). Shapiro, Honorable Ira, Senior Counsel and Negotiator, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, hearing before SubIEPT, March 5, 1997 (Report Card on NAFTA). Shattuck, Honorable John, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Democ- racy, Human Rights and Labor, Department of State, hearing 55 before full committee, January 31, 1997 (Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1996); hearing before full committee, September 9, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1997); hearing before SubAP, September 17, 1997 (U.S. Democracy Promotion Programs in Asia). Shelton, Honorable Sally, Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support and Research, U.S. Agency for International Development, hearing before full committee, July 30, 1997 (The Threat to the U.S. from Emerging Infectious Dis- eases). Sullivan, Joseph, Special Coordinator for Haiti, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubWHEM, May 14, 1997 (The Carib- bean: An Overview). Twaddell, Honorable William H., Acting Assistant Secretary for Af- rican Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAF, July 30, 1997 (Kenya’s Election Crisis). Vargo, Honorable Franklin J., Acting Assistant Secretary for Mar- ket Access and Compliance, Department of Commerce, hearing before SubIEPT, September 10, 1997 (The Transatlantic Initia- tive: Opportunities and Prospects). Vargo, Honorable Regina, Deputy Assistant Secretary for the West- ern Hemisphere, Department of Commerce, hearing before SubIEPT, March 5, 1997 (Report Card on NAFTA). Wallerstein, Honorable Mitchel, Deputy Assistant Secretary of De- fense, Counter Proliferation Policy, International Security Pol- icy, hearing before SubIEPT, May 13, 1997 (The Future of the Export Administration Act and Overall Administration of Ex- port Controls). Warner, Honorable Ted L., Assistant Secretary for Strategy, De- partment of Defense, hearing before full committee, April 17, 1997 (Does U.N. Peacekeeping Serve U.S. Interests? Part II: Administration Witnesses). Weden, Charles, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Asia, U.S. Agency for International Development, hearing before SubAP, March 5, 1997 (AID Activities in Asia and the Central Asian Republics). Welch, Honorable David, Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs, Department of State, hearing before full committee, June 25, 1997 (United States Policy Towards Leb- anon); hearing before full committee, July 23, 1997 (Iran Libya Sanctions Act—One Year Later). Williams-Bridgers, Honorable Jacquelyn L., Inspector General, De- partment of State, hearing before full committee, July 17, 1997 (Inspector General’s Oversight of the Department of State and Agency for International Development). Wirth, Honorable Tim, Under Secretary for Global Affairs, Depart- ment of State, hearing before full committee, July 24, 1997 (Global Climate Negotiations: Obligations of Developed & De- veloping Countries); hearing before full committee, November 13, 1997 (Bonn to Kyoto: The Administration’s Position on the Climate Change Treaty). Wolf, Honorable John, Coordinator for Asia Pacific Economic Co- operation, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAP, 56 November 6, 1997 (The Fifth Summit of the Asia Pacific Eco- nomic Cooperation Forum). Wolpe, Honorable Howard, Special Envoy, Bureau of African Af- fairs, Department of State, hearing before full committee, No- vember 5, 1997 (Soldiers Without Borders: Crisis in Central Africa). C. Non-Governmental Witnesses—1997 Abney, Ronald, International Republican Institute, hearing before SubAP, July 16, 1997 (Familiar Ground: The Breakdown of De- mocracy in Cambodia and Implications for U.S. Foreign Pol- icy). Adelman, Ken, Former Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, hearing before full committee, October 7, 1997 (Imple- mentation of the U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Whose Interests Are Served?). Aidoo, Judith, President and Chief Executive Officer, The Aidoo Group Limited, hearing before SubAF, June 18, 1997 (Africa’s Emerging Capital Markets). Anderson, Terry, Journalist, hearing before full committee, June 25, 1997 (United States Policy Towards Lebanon). Argue, Dr. Donald, President, National Association of Evangelicals, hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1997). Arnson, Dr. Cynthia, Senior Program Associate, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, hearing before SubWHEM, June 25, 1997 (A Review of Issues in Central America). Baer, Dr. M. Delal, Senior Fellow and Director, The Mexico Project, The Center for Strategic and International Studies, hearing before SubWHEM, September 17, 1997 (An Overview of U.S. Pol- icy toward Mexico and Canada). Barfield, Claude, Resident Scholar for Trade Policy Studies, Amer- ican Enterprise Institute, hearing before SubIEPT, September 10, 1997 (The Transatlantic Initiative: Opportunities and Pros- pects). Becker, Dan, Director of Global Warming and Energy Program, Si- erra Club, hearing before full committee, July 24, 1997 (Global Climate Negotiations: Obligations of Developed & Developing Countries). Bennett, William J., Co-Director, Empower America, hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1997). Bergsten, C. Fred, Director, Institute for International Economics, hearing before SubAP, November 6, 1997 (The Fifth Summit of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum). Berman, Jerry, Executive Director, Center for Democracy and Technology, hearing before SubIEPT, May 8, 1997 (Encryption: Individual Right to Privacy vs. National Security). Berry, Willard M., President, European-American Business Coun- cil, hearing before SubIEPT, September 10, 1997 (The Trans- atlantic Initiative: Opportunities and Prospects). Best, Kenneth, Publisher and Managing Director, The Observer Company Gambia Ltd., Liberian Observer Corporation, Monro- 57 via, hearing before SubAF and SubIOPHR, July 15, 1997 (The Impact of Radio on African Democracy). Bjornlund, Eric, Director, Asia Programs, National Democratic In- stitute, hearing before SubAP, March 12, 1997 (Democratic Continuity and Change in South Asia). Blum, Jack Esq., Attorney at Law, Law firm of Lobel, Novins and Lamont, hearing before full committee, October 1, 1997 (The Threat from International Organized Crime and Global Terror- ism). Bolton, John, Senior Vice President, American Enterprise Institute, hearing before full committee, April 9, 1997 (Does U.N. Peace- keeping Serve U.S. Interests?). Booker, Salih, Senior Fellow, Africa Studies Project, Council on Foreign Relations, hearing before SubAF, April 8, 1997 (Zaire: Collapse of an African Giant?); hearing before full committee, November 5, 1997 (Soldiers Without Borders: Crisis in Central Africa). Bowe, Peter, President, Ellicott International (on behalf of the Coa- lition for Employment through Exports, the Small Business Exporters Association, and the International Energy Develop- ment Council), hearing before SubIEPT, February 12, 1997, (The Future of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)). Bryst, William, President, Washington International Trade Asso- ciation, hearing before SubIEPT, September 16, 1997 (Fast Track: On Course or Derailed? Necessary or Not?). Buchanan, Honorable Patrick, President, The American Cause and commentator, CNN ‘‘Crossfire’’, hearing before SubIEPT, No- vember 6, 1997 (Fast Track: The Debate Continues). Burke, David, Chairman, Broadcasting Board of Governors (In- vited), hearing before SubIOPHR, March 13, 1997 (Foreign Re- lations Authorization for FY 1998–99: U.S. Information Agency and National Endowment for Democracy). Burkhalter, Holly, Advocacy Director, Human Rights Watch, hearing before full committee, January 31, 1997 (Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1996). Busia, Dr. Abema, Rutgers University, hearing before SubAF, Sep- tember 18, 1997 (United States Policy Toward Nigeria). Calzon, Frank, Washington Representative, Freedom House, hearing before SubWHEM, May 14, 1997 (The Caribbean: An Over- view). Cameron, Duncan, Board of Directors, Chilean-American Chamber of Commerce, hearing before SubIEPT, September 16, 1997 (Fast Track: On Course or Derailed? Necessary or Not?) Campbell, Scott, Consultant, Human Rights Watch/Africa, hearing before full committee, November 5, 1997 (Soldiers Without Borders: Crisis in Central Africa). Carey, Ron, General President, International Brotherhood of Team- sters, hearing before SubIEPT, March 5, 1997 (Report Card on NAFTA). Carpenter, Ted, Vice President, CATO, hearing before full committee, March 13, 1997 (Foreign Assistance and U.S. Foreign Pol- icy). 58 Carroll, Anthony, Attorney-at-Law, hearing before SubIEPT, May 21, 1997 (Obstacles to U.S.-African Trade and Investment). Castellon, Arely, Vice President and General Manager, Latin America Region, Global One and Member, Board of Directors, Caribbean/Latin America Action, hearing before SubIEPT, July 9, 1997 (Fast Track, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, and Beyond: Does the Road Lead to a Future Free Trade Area of the Americas?). Chaka, Malik M., Director of Research and Information, The Cen- ter for Democracy in Angola, hearing before SubAF, April 24, 1997 (Angola’s Government of National Unity). Christianson, Rev. Drew (S.J.), Director, Office of International Justice and Peace, United States Catholic Conference, hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Reli- gious Persecution Act of 1997). Clawson, Patrick, Senior Research Professor, National Defense University, hearing before full committee, July 23, 1997 (Iran Libya Sanctions Act—One Year Later). Coan, Louisa, National Endowment for Democracy, hearing before SubAP, September 17, 1997 (U.S. Democracy Promotion Pro- grams in Asia). Crespo, Elisa, Owner, Instructor of EVA Safety Consultants, hearing before SubIEPT, July 23, 1997 (Microcredit and Micro- enterprise: The Road to Self-Reliance). Davis, Dr. David F., Program on Peacekeeping Policy, George Mason University, hearing before SubAF, October 8, 1997 (The Africa Crisis Response Initiative). Dawson, Dr. Tom, Director, Financial Institutions, Merrill Lynch, hearing before SubWHEM, March 12, 1997 (The Western Hemisphere Today: A Roundtable Discussion). de Borchgrave, Arnaud, Center for Strategic and International Studies, hearing before full committee, October 1, 1997 (The Threat from International Organized Crime and Global Terror- ism). deCastro, Dr. Rafael Fernandez, Dean, Department of Inter- national Relations, Instituto Technologico Autonomo de Mex- ico, Mexico City, Mexico, hearing before SubWHEM, September 17, 1997 (An Overview of U.S. Policy toward Mexico and Can- ada). DeGennaro, Dr. Giovanni, Deputy Director, Italian National Police, hearing before full committee, October 1, 1997 (The Threat from International Organized Crime and Global Terrorism). DeJarnette, Honorable Edward, Executive Director, United States- Angola Chamber of Commerce, hearing before SubAF, March 13, 1997 (Impact of U.S. Development Assistance in Africa). Denham, Robert, Chairman, Salomon Incorporated, Member APEC Business Advisory Committee, hearing before SubAP, Novem- ber 6, 1997 (The Fifth Summit of the Asia Pacific Economic Co- operation Forum). DiMare, Paul, Farmer and Owner, DiMare Homestead, Inc. (also representing the Florida Tomato Exchange), hearing before SubIEPT, March 5, 1997 (Report Card on NAFTA). Dolma, Tsultrim, Victim of Religious Persecution, hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1997). 59 Doran, Charles F., Director, Canadian Studies Department, School for Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, hearing before SubWHEM, September 17, 1997 (An Overview of U.S. Policy toward Mexico and Canada). Downes, Brenda, Campaign to Ban Plastic Bullets, widow of John Downes, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 24, 1997 (Human Rights in Northern Ireland). Dun, Stephen (Saw Thay Ler), Karen Refugee, hearing before SubIOPHR, April 16, 1997 (Burmese Refugees in Thailand). Eberstadt, Dr. Nicholas, Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise In- stitute, hearing before SubAF, March 13, 1997 (Impact of U.S. Development Assistance in Africa). Edwards, Honorable Mickey, Council on Foreign Relations, hearing before full committee, February 26, 1997 (New Thinking on Foreign Assistance). Elahi, Maryam, Amnesty International, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 24, 1997 (Human Rights in Northern Ireland). Esserman, Susan G., General Counsel, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, hearing before SubAP and SubIEPT, June 18, 1997 (U.S.-Vietnam Relations). Falcoff, Dr. Mark, Director of Latin American Studies, American Enterprise Institute, hearing before SubWHEM, October 8, 1997 (An Overview of U.S. Policy toward South America and the President’s Upcoming Trip to the Region). Fandy, Mamoun, Professor of Politics, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, hearing before full committee, April 10, 1997 (U.S. Policy Toward Egypt). Fauriol, Dr. Georges, Director and Senior Fellow, Americas Pro- gram, Center for Strategic and International Studies, hearing before SubWHEM, May 14, 1997 (The Caribbean: An Over- view). Fay, Michael, Project Director, Noubale-Ndoki, hearing before SubAF, March 19, 1997 (Economic Development of Africa’s Natural Resources). Ferrara, Peter, General Counsel and Chief Economist, Americans for Tax Reform, hearing before SubIEPT, February 12, 1997 (The Future of the Overseas Pri- vate Investment Corporation (OPIC)). Fertel, Marvin, Vice President, Nuclear Energy Institute, hearing before full committee, October 7, 1997 (Implementation of the U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreements: Whose Interests Are Served?). Fiedler, Jeffrey, President, Food and Allied Service Trades Dept., AFL–CIO, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 22, 1997 (Forced Labor in China). Finucane, Michael, Pat Finucane Center, son of Pat Finucane (de- ceased), hearing before SubIOPHR, June 24, 1997 (Human Rights in Northern Ireland). Fishlow, Dr. Albert, Senor Fellow for Intl. Economics, Council on Foreign Relations, hearing before SubWHEM, March 12, 1997 (The Western Hemisphere Today: A Roundtable Discussion). Ford, William, President, African Development Foundation, hearing before SubAF, March 13, 1997 (Impact of U.S. Develop- ment Assistance in Africa). 60 Fox, Thomas, Vice President, World Resource Institute, hearing before SubAF, March 19, 1997 (Economic Development of Africa’s Natural Resources). Foxman, Abraham, National Director, Anti-Defamation League, hearing before full committee, April 10, 1997 (U.S. Policy To- ward Egypt). Franca, His Excellency Antonio dos Santos, Ambassador to the United States, Republic of Angola, hearing before SubAF, April 24, 1997 (Angola’s Government of National Unity). Freedenburg, Honorable Paul, Partner, Baker and Botts and former Under Secretary of Commerce, Bureau of Export Ad- ministration, hearing before SubIEPT, May 13, 1997 (The Fu- ture of the Export Administration Act and Overall Administra- tion of Export Controls). Freeman, Anthony, Director, International Labor Organization, hearing before SubIEPT and SubIOPHR, October 22, 1997 (The Impact of Child Labor on Free Trade). Fuller, William, President, Asia Foundation, hearing before SubAP, September 17, 1997 (U.S. Democracy Promotion Programs in Asia). Gadbaw, Michael, Chairman of U.S.-Indonesia Business Commit- tee, U.S. ASEAN Council, hearing before SubAP, May 7, 1997 (U.S. Policy Toward Indonesia). Gallucci, Ambassador Robert, Dean, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, hearing before full committee, October 7, 1997 (Implementation of the U.S.-China Nuclear Coopera- tion Agreement: Whose Interests Are Served?). Gamarra, Dr. Eduardo A., Director, Graduate Programs, Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International Univer- sity, hearing before SubWHEM, October 8, 1997 (An Overview of U.S. Policy toward South America and the President’s Up- coming Trip to the Region). Gemayel, Amine, Former President of Lebanon, hearing before full committee, June 25, 1997 (United States Policy Towards Leb- anon). George, Kevin, President, Friends of Liberia, hearing before SubAF, June 24, 1997 (The Liberian Election: A New Hope?). Gershman, Carl, President, National Endowment for Democracy (Invited), hearing before SubIOPHR, March 13, 1997 (Foreign Relations Authorization for FY 1998–99: U.S. Information Agency and National Endowment for Democracy). Goldman, Merle, Professor, Boston University, Research Associate, Fairbanks, Center for Asian Studies, Harvard University, hearing before SubAP, April 24, 1997 (Sino-American Relations and U.S. Policy Options). Goodman, Jerry, Executive Director, National Committee for Labor Israel, hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1997). Gordon, David, Director, U.S. Program, Overseas Development Council, hearing before SubIEPT, May 21, 1997 (Obstacles to U.S.-African Trade and Investment). Gordon, Kathleen, Co-founder, President, Member of the Board of Directors, Working Capital—Florida, hearing before SubIEPT, 61 July 23, 1997 (Microcredit and Microenterprise: The Road to Self-Reliance). Gowan, Halya, Northern Ireland Researcher, Amnesty Inter- national, hearing before SubIOPHR, October 9, 1997 (Human Rights and the Peace Process in Northern Ireland). Greene, Richard, (accompanying witness), hearing before SubIOPHR, February 26, 1997 (Department of State Manage- ment Initiatives). Griffiths, Ann Mills, Executive Director of National League of Fam- ilies, hearing before SubAP and SubIEPT, June 18, 1997 (U.S.- Vietnam Relations). Grinker, Dr. Roy Richard, Associate Professor of Anthropology and International Relations, hearing before SubAP, February 26, 1997 (Engaging the Hermit Kingdom: U.S. Policy Toward North Korea). Grossmen, Ambassador Mark, Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs, hearing before full committee, October 29, 1997 (Recent Developments in Europe). Gyari, Lodi G., President, International Campaign for Tibet, hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1997); hearing before full committee, November 6, 1997 (Current Status of Negotiations Be- tween the Tibetan Government in Exile and the People’s Re- public of China). Haar, Jerry, Senior Research Associate, North-South Center, hearing before SubIEPT, September 16, 1997 (Fast Track: On Course or Derailed? Necessary or Not?). Hall, Julia, Human Rights Watch, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 24, 1997 (Human Rights in Northern Ireland); hearing before SubIOPHR, October 9, 1997 (Human Rights and the Peace Process in Northern Ireland). Hall, Robert, Vice President and International Trade Counsel, Na- tional Retail Federation, hearing before SubIEPT and SubIOPHR, October 22, 1997 (The Impact of Child Labor on Free Trade). Harkin, Honorable Ruth, Chief Executive Officer, Overseas Private Investment Corporation, hearing before SubIEPT, March 18, 1997 (Review of the Overseas Private Investment Corpora- tion—Authorize, Privatize, Reform, or Terminate?). Harris, Tex, Secretary, American Foreign Service Association, hearing before full committee, July 17, 1997 (Inspector General’s Oversight of the Department of State and Agency for Inter- national Development). Herskovits, Jean, Professor, State University of New York at Pur- chase, hearing before SubAF, September 18, 1997 (United States Policy Toward Nigeria). Heymann, David, Director, Division of Emerging and Other Com- municable Diseases, World Health Organization, hearing before full committee, July 30, 1997 (The Threat to the U.S. from Emerging Infectious Diseases). Hillen, John, Defense and Foreign Policy Analyst, Heritage Foun- dation, hearing before full committee, April 9, 1997 (Does U.N. Peacekeeping Service U.S. Interests?). 62 Hodel, Donald, President, Christian Coalition, hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Perse- cution Act of 1997). Homer, Lauren, President, Law and Liberty Trust, hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1997). Inderfurth, Honorable Karl F., Assistant Secretary of State, Bu- reau of South Asian Affairs, hearing before SubIOPHR, Octo- ber 22, 1997 (The Clinton Administration’s Policy Toward South Asia). Jainarain, Charles, Director, Summit of the Americas Center, Flor- ida International University, hearing before SubIEPT, July 9, 1997 (Fast Track, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, and Beyond: Does the Road Lead to a Future Free Trade Area of the Americas?). Jantio, Roger, Managing Director, Sterling International Group, Inc., hearing before SubIEPT, May 21, 1997 (Obstacles to U.S.- African Trade and Investment). Jasinowski, Jerry, President, National Association of Manufactur- ers, hearing before full committee, July 24, 1997 (Global Cli- mate Negotiations: Obligations of Developed & Developing Countries). John, Atilio Okot, Victim of Religious Persecution, hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1997). Johnson, Harold J., Associate Director, International Relations and Trade Issues, General Accounting Office, hearing before full committee, April 9, 1997 (Does U.N. Peacekeeping Serve U.S. Interests?). Johnson, Joel, Vice President, Aerospace Industries Association, hearing before SubIEPT, May 13, 1997 (The Future of the Ex- port Administration Act and Overall Administration of Export Controls). Johnston, Honorable Bennett, (Former U.S. Senator), President, .S. Pacific Economic Cooperation Council, hearing before SubAP, November 6, 1997 (The Fifth Summit of the Asia Pacific Eco- nomic Cooperation Forum). Jones, Mohamedu, Vice-Chair, Liberians United for Peace and De- mocracy, hearing before SubAF, June 24, 1997 (The Liberian Election: A New Hope?). Jones, Sidney R., Executive Director of Human Rights Watch/Asia, hearing before SubAP, May 7, 1997 (U.S. Policy Toward Indo- nesia); hearing before SubAP, September 17, 1997 (U.S. De- mocracy Promotion Programs in Asia). Kalala, Alafuele, President, Rally for a New Society, hearing before SubAF, April 8, 1997 (Zaire: Collapse of an African Giant?). Keller, Allen, M.D., Physicians for Human Rights, hearing before SubIOPHR, October 28, 1997 (U.S./China Relations and Human Rights: Is Constructive Engagement Working?). Kelly, James, father of Sean Kelly, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 24, 1997 (Human Rights in Northern Ireland). Kerina, Kekuna, Program Coordinator, Africa, Committee to Pro- tect Journalists, hearing before SubAF and SubIOPHR, July 15, 1997 (The Impact of Radio on African Democracy). 63 Khorshidi, Ayatollah Dr. Mehdi Haeri, Iranian National Con- ference, hearing before full committee, July 23, 1997 (Iran Libya Sanctions Act—One Year Later). Kipkorir, H. E. Benjamin Edgar, Ambassador E. And P., Embassy of the Republic of Kenya, hearing before SubAF, July 30, 1997 (Kenya’s Election Crisis). Kleckner, Dean, President, American Farm Bureau Federation, hearing before full committee, July 24, 1997 (Global Climate Negotiations: Obligations of Developed & Developing Coun- tries). Kohr, Howard, Executive Director, American Israel Public Affairs Committee, hearing before full committee, March 13, 1997 (Foreign Assistance and U.S. Foreign Policy). Kumar, T., Advocacy Director for Asia, Amnesty International/ USA, hearing before SubIOPHR, October 28, 1997 (U.S./China Relations and Human Rights: Is Constructive Engagement Working?). Lancaster, Carol, Assistant Professor, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, hearing before full committee, Feb- ruary 26, 1997 (New Thinking on Foreign Assistance); hearing before SubAF, March 13, 1997 (Impact of U.S. Development Assistance in Africa). Land, Dr. Richard D., President, Ethics and Religious Liberty Com- mission, Southern Baptist Convention, hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecu- tion Act of 1997). Lane, Gary, Senior Correspondent, Christian Broadcasting Net- work, hearing before SubIOPHR, April 16, 1997 (Burmese Ref- ugees in Thailand). Leaning, Dr. Jennifer, Consultant, Physicians for Human Rights, hearing before full committee, July 16, 1997 (The Democratic Republic of Congo: Problems and Prospects). Lee, Thea, Assistant Director of Public Policy, AFL-CIO, hearing before SubIEPT, July 9, 1997 (Fast Track, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, and Beyond: Does the Road Lead to a Future Free Trade Area of the Americas?); hearing before SubIEPT, September 16, 1997 (Fast Track: On Course or Derailed? Nec- essary or Not?). Leventhal, Paul, President, Nuclear Control Institute, hearing before full committee, October 7, 1997 (Implementation of the U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Whose Interests Are Served?). Levy, Peter, President, Labelon/Noesting Company, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 22, 1997 (Forced Labor in China). Lilley, Honorable James R., Director, Institute for Global Chinese Affairs, University of Maryland, hearing before SubAP, Feb- ruary 26, 1997 (Engaging the Hermit Kingdom: U.S. Policy To- ward North Korea). Lissouva, H. E. Pascal, President, Republic of the Congo, hearing before full committee, November 5, 1997 (Soldiers Without Borders: Crisis in Central Africa). Livingstone, Stephen, Department of Law, University of Notting- ham, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 24, 1997 (Human Rights in Northern Ireland). 64 Lowenthal, Abraham F., President, Pacific Council on International Policy, hearing before SubWHEM, March 12, 1997 (The West- ern Hemisphere Today: A Roundtable Discussion). Lubin, Nancy, hearing before SubAP, March 5, 1997 (AID Activi- ties in Asia and the Central Asian Republics). Lucas, C. Payne, President, Africare, hearing before full committee, March 13, 1997 (Foreign Assistance and U.S. Foreign Policy). Luttwack, Edward, Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and Inter- national Studies, hearing before full committee, November 6, 1997 (Current Status of Negotiations Between the Tibetan Government in Exile and the People’s Republic of China). Manatos, Andrew, President, Manatos and Manatos, hearing before full committee, March 13, 1997 (Foreign Assistance and U.S. Foreign Policy). Manning, Dr. Robert A., Senior Fellow, Progressive Policy Insti- tute, hearing before SubAP, February 26, 1997 (Engaging the Hermit Kingdom: U.S. Policy Toward North Korea). Marks, John, President, Search for Common Ground, hearing before SubAF and SubIOPHR, July 15, 1997 (The Impact of Radio on African Democracy). Maron, Michael, Journalist/Author, hearing before SubAF, March 13, 1997 (Impact of U.S. Development Assistance in Africa). Martone, Gerald, Director of Emergency Response, International Rescue Committee, hearing before SubAF, April 8, 1997 (Zaire: Collapse of an African Giant?). Massimino, Elisa, Acting Director, Washington Office, Lawyer’s Committee for Human Rights, hearing before full committee, January 31, 1997 (Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1996); hearing before SubIOPHR, October 9, 1997 (Human Rights and the Peace Process in Northern Ireland). McCloskey, Peter S., President, Electronic Industries Association, hearing before SubIEPT, May 13, 1997 (The Future of the Ex- port Administration Act and Overall Administration of Export Controls). McManus, Father Sean, President, Irish National Caucus, Inc., hearing before full committee, March 13, 1997 (Foreign Assist- ance and U.S. Foreign Policy). Mengebier, David, Executive Director, Federal Government Affairs, CMS Energy, hearing before SubAF, March 19, 1997 (Eco- nomic Development of Africa’s Natural Resources). Metz, Dr. Steven, Military Researcher, Carlisle, PA, hearing before SubAF, October 8, 1997 (The Africa Crisis Response Initiative). Miller, Sara, Editor, Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, hearing before full committee, July 23, 1997 (Iran Libya Sanctions Act—One Year Later). Nassif, Daniel, Washington Representative, Council of Lebanese- American Organizations, hearing before full committee, June 25, 1997 (United States Policy Towards Lebanon). Natsios, Andrew, Executive Director, Relief and Development, World Vision, hearing before full committee, March 13, 1997 (Foreign Assistance and U.S. Foreign Policy). Neuhaus, Rev. Richard John, Director, Institute on Religion and Public Life, hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1997). 65 Newton, Elveton, Garden of Eden Lawn Ministries, hearing before SubIEPT, July 23, 1997 (Microcredit and Microenterprise: The Road to Self-Reliance). Obioha, Chief Ralph, NADECO USA/Canada, hearing before SubAF, September 18, 1997 (United States Policy Toward Ni- geria). O’Brien, Martin, Executive Director, Committee for the Adminis- tration of Justice, Belfast, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 24, 1997 (Human Rights in Northern Ireland); hearing before SubIOPHR, October 9, 1997 (Human Rights and the Peace Process in Northern Ireland). O’Keefe, Thomas, President, MERCOSUR Consulting Group, hearing before SubIEPT, July 9, 1997 (Fast Track, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, and Beyond: Does the Road Lead to a Future Free Trade Area of the Americas?). Oksenberg, Michel, Senior Fellow, Asia-Pacific Research Center, Stanford University, hearing before SubAP, February 13, 1997 (Hong Kong’s Reversion to the People’s Republic of China). Ott, Dr. Marvin, Professor of National Security, National War Col- lege, National Defense University, hearing before SubAP, July 16, 1997 (Familiar Ground: The Breakdown of Democracy in Cambodia and Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy). Ottaway, Dr. Marina, Adjunct Professor, School of Advanced Inter- national Studies, Johns Hopkins University, hearing before full committee, July 16, 1997 (The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Problems and Prospects). Owiny, Andrew N. O., Senior Vice President, International Fi- nance, Pryor, McClendon, Counts and Company, hearing before SubAF, June 18, 1997 (Africa’s Emerging Capital Markets). Paemen, His Excellency Hugo, Ambassador to the U.S. for the Eu- ropean Union Delegation of the European Commission, hearing before SubIEPT, June 4, 1997 (The Future of U.S.-European Trade Relations). Paglione, Mary, National President, Ladies’ Ancient Order of Hi- bernians, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 24, 1997 (Human Rights in Northern Ireland). Parenty, Tom, Director of Security, Sybase Corporation, hearing before SubIEPT, May 8, 1997 (Encryption: Individual Right to Privacy vs. National Security). Parker, A. Rani, hearing before SubAP, March 5, 1997 (AID Activi- ties in Asia and the Central Asian Republics). Perry, Dr. William, President, Institute for the Study of the Ameri- cas, hearing before SubWHEM, March 12, 1997 (The Western Hemisphere Today: A Roundtable Discussion); hearing before SubWHEM, October 8, 1997 (An Overview of U.S. Policy toward South America and the President’s Upcoming Trip to the Region); hearing before SubAP, November 6, 1997 (Fast Track: The Debate Continues). Pipes, Daniel, Editor, Middle East Quarterly, hearing before full committee, June 25, 1997 (United States Policy Towards Leb- anon). Polanen, Humphrey P., General Manager, Network Security Prod- ucts Group, Sun Microsystems (Accompanied by Mr. John Gage, Director, Science Office), hearing before SubIEPT, May 66 8, 1997 (Encryption: Individual Right to Privacy vs. National Security). Posner, Michael, Lawyer’s Committee for Human Rights, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 24, 1997 (Human Rights in Northern Ireland). Potter, Edward E., Esq., on behalf of the U.S. Council for Inter- national Business, hearing before SubIEPT and SubIOPHR, October 22, 1997 (The Impact of Child Labor on Free Trade). Powers, Linda, Senior Vice President, Global Finance, Enron Inter- national (Representing the Coalition for Employment through Exports, the Foreign Trade Council, and the International En- ergy Development Council), hearing before SubIEPT, March 18, 1997 (Review of the Overseas Private Investment Corpora- tion—Authorize, Privatize, Reform, or Terminate?). Predieri, Anne H., Director, Project Finance Group, NationsBanc Capital Markets, Inc. (On behalf of the National Foreign Trade Council), hearing before SubIEPT, February 12, 1997 (The Fu- ture of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)). Preeg, Honorable Ernest, William M. Scholl Chair in International Business, Center for Strategic and International Studies, hearing before SubIEPT, March 19, 1997 (Interfering With U.S. National Security Interests: The World Trade Organization and the European Challenge to the Helms-Burton Bill). Pryce, Honorable William, Vice President, Washington Office, Council of the Americas, hearing before SubWHEM, March 12, 1997 (The Western Hemisphere Today: A Roundtable Discus- sion); hearing before SubIEPT, September 16, 1997 (Fast Track: On Course or Derailed? Necessary or Not?). Przystup, Dr. James, Director, Asian Studies Center, The Heritage Foundation, hearing before SubAP, April 24, 1997 (Sino-Amer- ican Relations and U.S. Policy Options). Pyne, Soe, Director, National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma, hearing before SubIOPHR, April 16, 1997 (Burmese Refugees in Thailand). Rasco, Ramon, President and Partner, Rasco, Reininger, and Perez, hearing before SubIEPT, July 9, 1997 (Fast Track, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, and Beyond: Does the Road Lead to a Future Free Trade Area of the Americas?). Ricard, Bishop John, President and Chairman, Catholic Relief Services, hearing before full committees, March 13, 1997 (For- eign Assistance and U.S. Foreign Policy). Richter, Richard, President, Radio Free America, hearing before SubAP, September 17, 1997 (U.S. Democracy Promotion Pro- grams in Asia). Rickard, Stephen, Director, Washington Office, Amnesty Inter- national, hearing before full committee, January 31, 1997 (Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1996); hearing before full committee, September 10, 1997 (Freedom from Religious Persecution Act of 1997). Rihoy, Liz, Director, African Resources Trust, hearing before SubAF, March 19, 1997 (Economic Development of Africa’s Natural Resources). Roett, Dr. Riordan, Director, Latin American Studies, Johns Hop- kins School of Advanced Intl. Studies, hearing before 67 SubWHEM, March 12, 1997 (The Western Hemisphere Today: A Roundtable Discussion). Ruvin, Harvey, Metropolitan Dade County Clerk, hearing before full committee, July 24, 1997 (Global Climate Negotiations: Obligations of Developed & Developing Countries). Ryscavage, Rev. Richard, S. J., National Director, Jesuit Refugee Service, hearing before SubIOPHR, April 16, 1997 (Burmese Refugees in Thailand). Samuels, Honorable Michael A., President of Samuels Inter- national, Inc., hearing before SubAP and SubIEPT, June 18, 1997 (U.S.-Vietnam Relations). Sanchez, Ignacio (Esq.), Partner, Kelley, Drye, and Warren, hearing before SubIEPT, March 19, 1997 (Interfering With U.S. National Security Interests: The World Trade Organization and the European Union Challenge to the Helms-Burton Bill). Satloff, Robert, Executive Director, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, hearing before full committee, April 10, 1997 (U.S. Policy Toward Egypt). Savage, Frank, Chairman, Alliance Capital Management Inter- national, hearing before SubAF, June 18, 1997 (Africa’s Emerg- ing Capital Markets). Schatz, Thomas A., President, Citizens Against Government Waste, hearing before SubIEPT, March 18, 1997 (Review of the Over- seas Private Investment Corporation—Authorize, Privatize, Re- form, or Terminate?). Schott, Jeffrey J., Senior Fellow, Institute for International Eco- nomics, hearing before full committee, July 23, 1997 (Iran Libya Sanctions Act—One Year Later). Schwarz, Adam, Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies, hearing before SubAP and SubIEPT, June 18, 1997 (U.S.-Vietnam Relations). Shea, Nina, Director of Religious Programs, Freedom House, hearing before full committee, January 31, 1997 (Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1996); hearing before SubIOPHR, October 28, 1997 (U.S./China Relations and Human Rights: Is Constructive Engagement Working?). Shelley, Dr. Louise, Professor, Department of Justice, Law and So- ciety at School of International Service, The American Univer- sity, hearing before full committee, October 1, 1997 (The Threat from International Organized Crime and Global Terror- ism). Shengqi, Fu, Former Chinese prisoner and dissident, hearing before IOHR, May 22, 1997 (Forced Labor in China). Shieh, Maranda Yen, Associate, The Laogai Research Foundation, hearing before Sub IOHR, May 22, 1997 (Forced Labor in China). Shifter, Dr. Michael, Program Director, Inter-American Dialogue, hearing before SubWHEM, June 25, 1997 (A Review of Issues in Central America). Silk, James, Director, Robert F. Kennedy Memorial, Center for Human Rights, hearing before SubAF, July 30, 1997 (Kenya’s Election Crisis). Siv, Sichan, Financial Advisor, Prudential Securities, Former Dep- uty Assistant to the President, Former Deputy Assistant Sec- 68 retary of State for South Asian Affairs, hearing before SubAP, July 16, 1997 (Familiar Ground: The Breakdown of Democracy in Cambodia and Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy). Skol, Honorable Michael, Senior Vice President, Diplomatic Resolu- tions, Inc., hearing before SubWHEM, March 12, 1997 (The Western Hemisphere Today: A Roundtable Discussion). Smith, David, Director of Public Policy, AFL–CIO, hearing before full committee, July 24, 1997 (Global Climate Negotiations: Obligations of Developed & Developing Countries). Smith, Dr. Gordon, Advisor to the President of the University of Victoria, hearing before SubWHEM, September 17, 1997 (An Overview of U.S. Policy toward Mexico and Canada). Solarz, Honorable Stephen, Council on Foreign Relations, hearing before full committee, February 26, 1997 (New Thinking on Foreign Assistance). Sperling, Dr. Elliot, Professor of Central Eurasian Studies, Indiana University at Bloomington, hearing before full committee, No- vember 6, 1997 (Current Status of Negotiations Between the Tibetan Government in Exile and the People’s Republic of China). Stern, Honorable Paula, President, The Stern Group, Inc. and U.S. Working Group Chair, Transatlantic Committee on Standards, Certification, and Regulatory Policy, Transatlantic Business Dialogue, hearing before SubIEPT, September 10, 1997 (The Transatlantic Initiative: Opportunities and Prospects). Stork, Joseph, Advocacy Director for Middle East Human Rights Watch, hearing before full committee, April 10, 1997 (U.S. Pol- icy Toward Egypt). Stout, Anna, Executive Vice President, American League for Ex- ports and Security Assistance, hearing before full committee, March 13, 1997 (Foreign Assistance and U.S. Foreign Policy). Sweeney, John, Policy Analyst for Latin America, The Heritage Foundation, hearing before SubIEPT, July 9, 1997 (Fast Track, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, and Beyond: Does the Road Lead to a Future Free Trade Area of the Americas?). Taft, Julia, President, InterAction, hearing before full committee, February 26, 1997 (New Thinking on Foreign Assistance). Talukdar, Mannan, Senior Officer, Grameen Bank, hearing before SubIEPT, July 23, 1997 (Microcredit and Microenterprise: The Road to Self-Reliance). Tanous, Peter, Founding Chairman, American Task Force for Leb- anon, hearing before full committee, June 25, 1997 (United States Policy Towards Lebanon). Taubenblatt, Sy, Senior Executive Representative, Bechtel Corp., hearing before full committee, March 13, 1997 (Foreign Assist- ance and U.S. Foreign Policy). Taylor, R.J., Director, Florida Farmers and Suppliers Coalition, hearing before SubIEPT and SubIOPHR, October 22, 1997 (The Impact of Child Labor on Free Trade). Thornburgh, Honorable Dick, Counsel, Kirkpatrick & Lockhart, LLP, hearing before SubAP, February 13, 1997 (Hong Kong’s Reversion to the People’s Republic of China). 69 Tong, Shen, President, Democracy for China Fund, hearing before SubIOPHR, October 28, 1997 (U.S./China Relations and Human Rights: Is Constructive Engagement Working?). Tulchin, Dr. Joseph, Director, Latin America Program, Woodrow Wilson Intl. Center for Scholars, hearing before SubWHEM, March 12, 1997 (The Western Hemisphere Today: A Round- table Discussion). Uighur, Rizvangul, Uyghur Refugee, hearing before SubIOPHR, October 28, 1997 (U.S./China Relations and Human Rights: Is Constructive Engagement Working?). vanderMensbrugghe, Dr. Dominique, Senior Economist, OECD De- velopment Center, hearing before SubIEPT, June 4, 1997 (The Future of U.S.-European Trade Relations). Van Soest, Marcel, Head of Humanitarian Affairs Department, Doctors Without Borders—Belgium, hearing before full committee, November 5, 1997 (Soldiers Without Borders: Crisis in Central Africa). Walker, Stephen T., President, CEO, Chairman of the Board, Di- rector, Trusted Information Systems, hearing before SubIEPT, May 8, 1997 (Encryption: Individual Right to Privacy vs. Na- tional Security). Wallace, Ed, National President, Ancient Order of Hibernians, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 24, 1997 (Human Rights in Northern Ireland). Weeks, Jennifer, Executive Director, Project on Managing the Atom, J.F.K. School of Government, Harvard University, hearing before full committee, October 7, 1997 (Implementation of the U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Whose Inter- ests Are Served?). Winter, Jane, Director, British Irish Rights Watch, hearing before SubIOPHR, October 9, 1997 (Human Rights and the Peace Process in Northern Ireland). Wolfowitz, Dr. Paul, Dean of The Paul Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, hearing before SubAP, May 7, 1997 (U.S. Policy Toward Indonesia). Woodned, Gregory, International Economic Advisor, AFL–CIO, hearing before SubIEPT, September 16, 1997 (Fast Track: On Course or Derailed? Necessary or Not?). Woods, James L., Vice President, Cohen & Woods International, Inc., hearing before full committee, July 16, 1997 (The Demo- cratic Republic of Congo: Problems and Prospects). Workman, Willard, Vice President, International Division, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, hearing before SubIEPT, March 5, 1997 (Report Card on NAFTA); hearing before SubIEPT, No- vember 6, 1997 (Fast Track: The Debate Continues). Wu, Harry, Executive Director, The Laogai Research Foundation, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 22, 1997 (Forced Labor in China); hearing before SubIOPHR, October 28, 1997 (U.S./ China Relations and Human Rights: Is Constructive Engage- ment Working?). Yanovich, Lawrence, Co-Chair Microenterprise Coalition, and Di- rector of Policy and Research, Foundation for International Community Assistance (FINCA), hearing before SubIEPT, July 70 23, 1997 (Microcredit and Microenterprise: The Road to Self- Reliance). Zartman, Prof. I. William, Chairman, Africa Studies Department, Johns Hopkins University—School of Advanced International Studies, hearing before SubAF, April 8, 1997 (Zaire: Collapse of an African Giant?). D. Foreign Dignitaries and U.S. Officials received in the 105th Congress by the House Committee on International Relations for informal Committee meetings—1997 Ambassadors from the Western Hemisphere—7/31/97 Armenia—2/26/97 H.E. Alexander Arzoumanian, Foreign Minister Australia—7/15/97 H. Bob Halverson EBE MP, Speaker of the Aus- tralian House of Representatives, Senator Bruce Childs, Rep. Janice Crosio OBE MP, Senator Jeannie Ferris, Rep. Chris- topher Pyne MP, Rep. Wilson Tuckey MP, Sen John Woodley Azerbaijan—7/30/97 H.E. Heydar Aliyev, President Bangladesh—2/4/97 H.E. Sheikh Hasina Wazed, Prime Minister Cambodia—7/11/97 H.R.H. Prince Norodom Ranariddh, First Prime Minister Colombia—9/30/97 H.E. Maria Emma Mejia, Minister of Foreign Affairs Cyprus—10/29/97 Rauf Denktash, Cypriot leader Democratic Republic of Congo—7/11/97 H.E. Bizima Karaha, For- eign Minister East Timor—6/18/97 Bishop Carlos Ximenes Belo, S.C.B., 1997 Nobel Peace Prize winner Egypt—3/6/97 H.E. Amr Moussa, Foreign Minister; 3/11/97 H.E. Hosni Mubarak, President; 7/8/97 Dr. Ahmed Fathi Sorour, Speaker of the Egyptian People’s Assembly European Union—7/24/97 H.E. Alphonse Berns, Ambassador of Luxembourg, H.E. Hugo Paemen, Head of the Delegation of the European Commission Georgia—3/12/97 Honorable Zurab Zhvania, Chairman of the Par- liament; 7/17/97 H.E. Eduard Schevardnadze, President Hong Kong—4/9/97 Honorable Martin C.M. Lee, Chairman of the Democratic Party; 9/10/97 Mr. Tung Chee Hwa, Chief Execu- tive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) India—6/24/97 H.E. Saleem Iqbal Sherwani, Minister of State for External Affairs Ireland/Northern Ireland—9/4/97 Mr. Gerry Adams, MP, Mr. Mar- tin McGuinnes, MP, Mr. Caoimhghin O Caolain, TD; 9/23/97 H.E. Ray Burke, TD, Minister of Foreign Affairs Israel—11/5/97 H.E. Yitzhak Mordechai, Minister of Defense Korea—4/9/97 Honorable Dr. Kim Dae-jung, President of the Na- tional Congress for New Politics; 6/11/97 Delegation of Senior Members of the National Assembly of Korea Kuwait—9/17/97 Delegation of Members or Parliament Kyrgyzistan (Kyrgyz Republic)—7/15/97 H.E. Askar Akaev, Presi- dent Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia—6/19/97 H.E. Kiro Gligorov, President Mali—2/4/97 H.E. Alpha Oumar Konare, President Nicaragua—6/24/97 H.E. Arnoldo Aleman, President 71 Northern Ireland—10/7/97 Honorable David Trimble, MP, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) Pakistan—5/20/97 H.E. Gohar Ayub Khan, Minister of Foreign Af- fairs Palestinian Authority—6/5/97 Faisal Al Husseini, Minister Without Portfolio in the Palestine Authority; 10/23/97 Jibril Rajoub, Chief of Preventive Security Poland—2/12/98 Honorable Jozef Zych, Speaker of the Parliament Qatar—4/29/97 H.E. Sheikh Hamad Bin Jasim bin Jabir Al-Thani, Minister of Foreign Affairs; 6/12/97 H.H. Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir Romania—4/23/97 H.E. Adrian Severin, Foreign Minister Russian Federation—2/6/97 Delegation from the State Duma (Mr. Alexander Shokhin, First Deputy Chairman of the Duma, Mr. Vladimir Lukin, the Chairman of the Defense Committee, Mr. Lev Rokhlin, other committee chairmen from the Duma Slovenia—5/6/97 H.E. Janez Drnovsek, Prime Minister Thailand—9/26/97 H.E. Prachaub Chaiyasan, Foreign Minister Tunisia—5/22/97 H.E. Habib Ben Yahia, Minister of Defense Turkey—9/9/97 Honorable Mustafa Kalemi, Speaker of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) Uganda—2/5/97 H.E. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, President; 9/24/97 H.E. Eriya Katagaya, First Deputy Prime Minister and Min- ister of Foreign Affairs Ukraine—5/15/97 H.E. Leonid Kuchma, President of the Ukraine Venezuela—9/16/97 Multiparty delegation of leaders from Chamber of Deputies Yemen—10/8/97 H.E. Dr. Abd al-Iryani, Foreign Minister E. Congressional Witnesses—1998 Coverdell, Honorable Paul, United States Senator, hearing before full committee, March 18, 1998 (The Peace Corps: 10,000 Vol- unteers by the Year 2000). Dodd, Honorable Christopher, United States Senator, hearing before full committee, March 18, 1998 (The Peace Corps: 10,000 Volunteers by the Year 2000). Farr, Honorable Sam, Member of Congress, hearing before full committee, March 18, 1998 (The Peace Corps: 10,000 Volun- teers by the Year 2000). Hall, Honorable Tony, Member of Congress, hearing before full committee, March 18, 1998 (The Peace Corps: 10,000 Volun- teers by the Year 2000). Knollenberg, Honorable Joseph, Member of Congress, hearing before full committee, May 13, 1998 (The Kyoto Protocol: Prob- lems with U.S. Sovereignty and the Lack of Developing Coun- try Participation). Petri, Honorable Thomas, Member of Congress, hearing before full committee, March 18, 1998 (The Peace Corps: 10,000 Volun- teers by the Year 2000). Portman, Honorable Rob, Member of Congress, hearing before full committee, March 4, 1998 (The Tropical Forest Protection Act, H.R. 2870). 72 Shays, Honorable Christopher, Member of Congress, hearing before full committee, March 18, 1998 (The Peace Corps: 10,000 Vol- unteers by the Year 2000). Smith, Honorable Linda, Member of Congress, hearing before full committee, June 4, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight: The Sale of Body Parts by the People’s Republic of China). Walsh, Honorable James, Member of Congress, hearing before full committee, March 18, 1998 (The Peace Corps: 10,000 Volun- teers by the Year 2000). F. Executive Branch Witnesses—1998 Aaron, Honorable David, Undersecretary for International Trade, U.S. Department of Commerce, hearing before SubAP, June 18, 1998 (India-Pakistan Nuclear Proliferation); Undersecre- tary of Commerce, International Trade Administration, hearing before SubIEPT, July 22, 1998 (The U.S. and its Trade Deficit: Restoring the Balance). Albright, Honorable Madeleine K., Secretary of State, Department of State, hearing before full committee, February 12, 1998 (The President’s FY 1999 International Affairs Budget Request). Atwood, Honorable J. Brian, Administrator, U.S. Agency for Inter- national Development, hearing before full committee, March 5, 1998 (The President’s Foreign Assistance Budget Request for FY 1999). Barker, John, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Export Controls, De- partment of State, hearing before full committee, June 18, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Security: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Satellites to China—Ad- ministration Witnesses); hearing before full committee, June 23, 1998 (Continuation of Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Security: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Sat- ellites to China—Administration Witnesses). Beers, Honorable Randy, Acting Assistant Secretary of State, Bu- reau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, hearing before full committee, March 31, 1998 (U.S. Counter- Narcotics Policy Towards Colombia). Brazael, Honorable Aurelia, Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asia and the Pacific, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAP, June 4, 1998 (U.S. Policy Options Toward Indonesia: What We Can Expect; How We Can Help). Brown, Honorable Richard, Director of the Office of Economic Pol- icy and Summit Coordination, Bureau of Inter-American Af- fairs, Department of State, hearing before SubIEPT, April 29, 1998 (Trade In the Americas: Beyond the Santiago Summit). Campbell, Kurt, Deputy Assistant Secretary, U.S. Department of Defense, hearing before SubAP, May 14, 1998 (The Direction of U.S.-Taiwan Relations); hearing before SubAP, May 20, 1998 (U.S.-Taiwan Relations). Carson, Honorable Johnnie, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for African Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAF, June 11, 1998 (Reconstructing Sierra Leone). 73 Chaves, Mary, Director, International Debt Policy, U.S. Depart- ment of the Treasury, hearing before full committee, March 4, 1998 (The Tropical Forest Protection Act, H.R. 2870). Einhorn, Robert, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Non-Proliferation, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 4, 1998 (Implementation of the U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement; Consideration of a Motion to Go into Executive Session); hearing before SubAP, June 18, 1998 (India-Pakistan Nuclear Proliferation). Eizenstat, Honorable Stuart, Under Secretary for Economic, Busi- ness, and Agricultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubIEPT, February 4, 1998 (Financial Crisis in Asia); hearing before full committee, May 13, 1998 (The Kyoto Protocol: Problems with U.S. Sovereignty and the Lack of De- veloping Country Participation); hearing before full committee, June 3, 1998 (How Sanctions Can Affect U.S. Policy Interests). Esserman, Honorable Susan G., General Counsel, United States Trade Representative, hearing before SubIEPT, March 30, 1998 (WTO—Dispute Settlement Body). Fox, Thomas, Assistant Administrator, Policy and Planning Bu- reau, Agency for International Development, hearing before full committee, March 4, 1998 (The Tropical Forest Protection Act, H.R. 2870). Gee, Honorable Robert W., Assistant Secretary for Policy, U.S. De- partment of Energy, hearing before SubAP, February 12, 1998 (U.S. Interests in the Central Asian Republics). Gelbard, Ambassador Robert, Special Representative of the Presi- dent and the Secretary of State for Implementation of the Day- ton Peace Accords, Department of State, hearing before full committee, March 12, 1998 (Prospects for Implementation of Dayton Agreements and the New NATO Mission in Bosnia); hearing before full committee, July 23, 1998 (Kosovo—Current Situation and Future Options). Hinton, Henry L., Assistant Comptroller General, National Secu- rity and International Affairs, General Accounting Office, hearing before full committee, February 26, 1998 (U.S. Narcotics Policy Toward Columbia). Holum, Honorable John, Acting Under Secretary for Political Af- fairs, Department of State, hearing before full committee, June 18, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Secu- rity: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Satellites to China— Administration Witnesses); hearing before full committee, June 23, 1998 (Continuation of Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Security: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Sat- ellites to China—Administration Witnesses). Horn, Michael, Chief of Foreign Operations, Drug Enforcement Ad- ministration, hearing before SubAF, July 15, 1998 (Combating International Crime in Africa). Inderfurth, Honorable Karl F., Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAP, June 18, 1998 (India-Pakistan Nuclear Proliferation). Indyk, Honorable Martin, Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Af- fairs, Department of State, hearing before full committee, March 10, 1998 (Developments in the Middle East); hearing 74 before full committee, July 29, 1998 (Recent Developments in the Middle East). Kartman, Honorable Charles, Principal Deputy Assistant Sec- retary, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State, hearing before full committee, June 17, 1998 (A Worldwide Review of the Clinton Administration’s POW/MIA Policies and Programs). Kneir, Tom, Deputy Assistant Director of the Criminal Investiga- tion Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation, hearing before full committee, June 24, 1998 (Colombian Heroin Crisis); hearing before SubAF, July 15, 1998 (Combating International Crime in Africa). Kramer, Honorable Franklin D., Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, hearing before SubIOPHR, July 24, 1998 (Human Rights in Indonesia—Day 2). Lange, Howard, Director, Office of Chinese and Mongolian Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before full committee, June 16, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight: The Sale of Body Parts by the People’s Republic of China, Part II). Larson, Honorable Alan, Assistant Secretary for Economic and Business Affairs, Department of State, hearing before SubIEPT, March 5, 1998 (Multilateral Agreement on Invest- ment: Win, Lose or Draw for the U.S.?); hearing before SubIEPT, March 30, 1998 (WTO—Dispute Settlement Body). Lauder, John, Director, The Nonproliferation Center, Central Intel- ligence Agency, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 4, 1998 (Implementation of the U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agree- ment; Consideration of a Motion to Go into Executive Session). Lehman, Honorable Bruce, Assistant Secretary and Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, Department of Commerce, hearing before SubIEPT, May 21, 1998 (Intellectual Property Rights: The Music and Film Industry). Lodal, Honorable Jan, Principal Deputy Undersecretary for Policy, Department of Defense, hearing before full committee, June 18, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Secu- rity: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Satellites to China— Administration Witnesses); hearing before full committee, June 23, 1998 (Continuation of Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Security: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Sat- ellites to China—Administration Witnesses). Majack, Honorable Roger, Assistant Secretary for Export Adminis- tration, hearing before full committee, June 18, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Security: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Satellites to China—Administration Witnesses); hearing before full committee, June 23, 1998 (Con- tinuation of Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Se- curity: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Satellites to China—Administration Witnesses). Marshall, Donnie, Acting Deputy Administrator, Drug Enforcement Administration, hearing before full committee, June 24, 1998 (Colombian Heroin Crisis). 75 McCall, Richard, Chief of Staff, United States Agency for Inter- national Development, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 5, 1998 (Rwanda: Genocide and the Continuing Cycle of Violence). Morningstar, Ambassador Richard, Special Advisor to the Presi- dent and the Secretary of State on Assistance to the New Inde- pendent States and Coordinator of U.S. Assistance to the New Independent States, U.S. Department of State, hearing before full committee, March 26, 1998 (Review of U.S. Assistance Pro- grams to Russia, the Ukraine and the New Independent States); hearing before full committee, April 30, 1998 (The U.S. Role in the Caucasus and Central Asia). Nelson, Ben, Director—International Relations and Trade, National Security and International Affairs Division, U.S. General Ac- counting Office, hearing before full committee, May 20, 1998 (Eradication and Elimination of Six Infectious Diseases). Neumann, Ambassador Ronald, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAF, February 5, 1998 (Algeria’s Turmoil). Peasley, Carol, Acting Administrator for Africa, U.S. Agency for International Development, hearing before SubAF, May 20, 1998 (Anti-Corruption Efforts in Africa). Pena, Honorable Frederico, Secretary of Energy, Department of En- ergy, hearing before full committee, April 30, 1998 (The U.S. Role in the Caucasus and Central Asia). Pressley, Honorable Don, Acting Assistant Administrator for Eu- rope and the New Independent States, U.S. Agency for Inter- national Development, hearing before full committee, March 26, 1998 (Review of U.S. Assistance Programs to Russia, the Ukraine and the New Independent States); hearing before full committee, April 30, 1998 (The U.S. Role in the Caucasus and Central Asia). Prueher, Admiral J.W., Commander-In-Chief Pacific Command (CINCPAC), hearing before SubAP, May 7, 1998 (Tradition and Transformation: U.S. Security Interests in Asia). Rannenberger, Michael, Director, Office of Cuban Affairs, U.S. De- partment of State, hearing before SubIEPT, March 12, 1998 (Helms-Burton: Two Years Later). Reinsch, Honorable William, Under Secretary for Export Adminis- tration, Department of Commerce, hearing before full committee, June 18, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on Na- tional Security: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Satellites to China—Administration Witnesses); hearing before full committee, June 23, 1998 (Continuation of Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Security: U.S. Policy Regarding the Ex- port of Satellites to China—Administration Witnesses). Rice, Honorable Susan E., Assistant Secretary for Africa, U.S. De- partment of State, hearing before SubAF (Preview of President Clinton’s Historic Visit to Africa); hearing before full committee, June 25, 1998 (Prospects for Democracy in Nigeria); hearing before SubIOPHR and SubAF, July 29, 1998 (Crises in Sudan and Northern Uganda). Romero, Honorable Peter F., Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs, Department of State, hearing be- 76 fore SubWHEM, May 6, 1998 (Latin America & the Carribean: An Update and Summary of the Summit of the Americas). Roth, Honorable Stanley, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAP, February 26, 1998 (Shattered Dream: The Un- certain State of Democracy in Cambodia); hearing before SubAP, May 7, 1998 (Tradition and Transformation: U.S. Secu- rity Interests in Asia); hearing before SubAP, May 14, 1998 (The Direction of U.S.-Taiwan Relations). Schneider, Mark, Assistant Administrator for Latin America, U.S. Agency for International Development, hearing before SubWHEM, May 6, 1998 (Latin America & the Caribbean: An Update and Summary of the Summit of the Americas). Seidel, Stuart, Assistant Commissioner, U.S. Customs Service, Of- fice of Rules and Regulations, hearing before SubIEPT, June 11, 1998 (Modernization of U.S. Customs: Implications on Trade). Sestanovich, Honorable Steve, Ambassador at Large for the New Independent States, U.S. Department of State, hearing before full committee, April 30, 1998 (The U.S. Role in the Caucasus and Central Asia); Ambassador-at-Large, Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary of State For the Newly Independent States, Department of State, hearing before full committee, July 16, 1998 (The U.S. and Russia: Assessing the Relation- ship). Shalala, Honorable Donna E., Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services, hearing before full committee, March 18, 1998 (The Peace Corps: 10,000 Volunteers by the Year 2000). Shattuck, Honorable John, Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (DRL), hearing before SubIOPHR, February 3, 1998 (Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1997); hearing before full committee, June 16, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight: The Sale of Body Parts by the People’s Republic of China, Part II); hearing before SubIOPHR, July 24, 1998 (Human Rights in Indonesia—Day 2). Shirk, Susan, Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pa- cific Affairs, U.S. Department of State, hearing before SubAP, May 20, 1998 (U.S.-Taiwan Relations). Slocombe, Honorable Walter, Under Secretary for Policy, Depart- ment of Defense, hearing before full committee, March 12, 1998 (Prospects for Implementation of Dayton Agreements and the New NATO Mission in Bosnia); hearing before SubAP, May 7, 1998 (Tradition and Transformation: U.S. Security Interests in Asia); hearing before full committee, July 23, 1998 (Kosovo—Current Situation and Future Options). Smith, Honorable Frederick C., Principal Deputy Assistant Sec- retary, International Security Affairs/Office of the Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense, hearing before full committee, June 17, 1998 (A Worldwide Review of the Clinton Administra- tion’s POW/MIA Policies and Programs). Summers, Honorable Lawrence H., Deputy Secretary, U.S. Depart- ment of Treasury, hearing before SubIEPT, February 4, 1998 (Financial Crisis in Asia). 77 Taft, Honorable Julia, Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Pop- ulation, Refugees, & Migration, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 24, 1998 (Annual Oversight of Refugee Programs, Policies, and Budget). Tarbell, David, Director, Defense Technology Security Administra- tion, hearing before full committee, June 18, 1998 (Joint Hear- ing with the Committee on National Security: U.S. Policy Re- garding the Export of Satellites to China—Administration Wit- nesses); hearing before full committee, June 23, 1998 (Continu- ation of Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Secu- rity: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Satellites to China— Administration Witnesses). Tischler, Bonni G., Assistant Commissioner for the Office of Inves- tigation, United States Customs Service, hearing before full committee, June 24, 1998 (Colombian Heroin Crisis). Toon, Ambassador Malcolm, Chairman, U.S.-Russia Joint Commis- sion on POW/MIA, hearing before full committee, June 17, 1998 (A Worldwide Review of the Clinton Administration’s POW/MIA Policies and Programs). Vargo, Franklin J., Department of Commerce, hearing before full committee, May 7, 1998 (Issues in U.S.-European Union Trade: European Privacy Legislation and Biotechnology/Food Safety Policy). Vargo, Honorable Regina, Deputy Assistant Secretary for the West- ern Hemisphere, Department of Commerce, hearing before SubIEPT, April 29, 1998 (Trade In the Americas: Beyond the Santiago Summit). Whitaker, Rosa, Assistant United States Trade Representative, Of- fice of the U.S. Trade Representative, hearing before SubAF, May 7, 1998 (Africa in the World Economy). Wilhelm, General Charles E., United States Marine Corps, Com- mander-in-Chief, U.S. Southern Command, hearing before full committee, March 31, 1998 (U.S. Counter-Narcotics Policy To- wards Colombia). Wolpe, Honorable Howard, Special Envoy, Bureau of African Af- fairs, Department of State, hearing before SubIOPHR and SubAF, March 5, 1998 (The Ongoing Crisis in the Great Lakes). Yellen, Dr. Janet, Chair, Council of Economic Advisors, The White House, hearing before full committee, May 13, 1998 (The Kyoto Protocol: Problems with U.S. Sovereignty and the Lack of De- veloping Country Participation). G. Non-Governmental Witnesses—1998 Acton, Dr. Jan Paul, Assistant Director, Natural Resources and Commerce Division, Congressional Budget Office, hearing before full committee, June 3, 1998 (How Sanctions Can Affect U.S. Policy Interests). Aron, Dr. Leon, Resident Fellow, The American Enterprise Insti- tute, hearing before full committee, July 16, 1998 (The U.S. and Russia: Assessing the Relationship). Aronson, Honorable Bernard, Managing Director, Acon Invest- ments, Former Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Inter- American Affairs, Bush Administration, hearing before full 78 committee, April 29, 1998 (U.S. Annual Drug Certification Process). Aryati, Ms., Indonesian Human Rights Researcher/Activist, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 7, 1998 (Human Rights in Indonesia). Atuu, Sister Mary Rose, Little Sisters of Mary Immaculate of Gulu, Northern Uganda, hearing before SubIOPHR and SubAF, July 29, 1998 (Crises in Sudan and Northern Uganda). Austin, Kathi L., Visiting Scholar, African Studies Center, Stanford University, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 5, 1998 (Rwanda: Genocide and the Continuing Cycle of Violence). Awaya, Dr. Tsuyoshi, Professor of Law and Sociology, Tokuyama University, hearing before full committee, June 4, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on Government Reform and Over- sight: The Sale of Body Parts by the People’s Republic of China). Bagnall, Dr. Brian, Director of Project Management, Corporate Af- fairs, SmithKline Beecham, hearing before full committee, May 20, 1998 (Eradication and Elimination of Six Infectious Dis- eases). Baker, Pauline H., President, The Fund for Peace, hearing before full committee, June 25, 1998 (Prospects for Democracy in Ni- geria). Bauer, Gary, President, The Family Research Council, hearing before full committee, April 29, 1998 (U.S. Annual Drug Certifi- cation Process); hearing before SubIEPT, June 24, 1998 (China and Economic Engagement: Success or Failure?). Bellamy, Carol, Executive Director, UNICEF, hearing before SubIOPHR and SubAF, July 29, 1998 (Crises in Sudan and Northern Uganda). Bellochi, Nat, Chairman, Bellochi and Company, hearing before SubAP, May 20, 1998 (U.S.-Taiwan Relations). Benedi, Dr. Claudio, Secretary of Foreign Relations, Cuban Patri- otic Board, hearing before SubIEPT, March 12, 1998 (Helms- Burton: Two Years Later). Berg, Mark, American Soybean Association, hearing before full committee, May 7, 1998 (Issues in U.S.-European Union Trade: European Privacy Legislation and Biotechnology/Food Safety Policy). Berman, Jason, Recording Industry Association of America, hearing before SubIEPT, May 21, 1998 (Intellectual Property Rights: The Music and Film Industry). Berry, Willard, President, European-American Business Council, hearing before SubIEPT, March 5, 1998 (Multilateral Agree- ment on Investment: Win, Lose or Draw for the U.S.?). Bertini, Catherine, Executive Director, World Food Program, hearing before SubIOPHR and SubAF, July 29, 1998 (Crises in Sudan and Northern Uganda). Bjornlund, Eric, Director of Asia Programs, National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, hearing before SubAP, Feb- ruary 26, 1998 (Shattered Dream: The Uncertain State of De- mocracy in Cambodia). Blum, Jack, Attorney at Law, Lobel, Novins & Lamont, hearing before SubAF, July 15, 1998 (Combating International Crime in Africa). 79 Booker, Salih, Senior Fellow and Director, African Studies Pro- gram, Council on Foreign Relations, hearing before SubIOPHR and SubAF, March 5, 1998 (The Ongoing Crisis in the Great Lakes). Boswell, Nancy Zucker, Managing Director, Transparency Inter- national U.S.A., hearing before SubAF, May 20, 1998 (Anti- Corruption Efforts in Africa). Bowles, Ian, Vice President of Conservation Policy, Conservation International, hearing before full committee, March 4, 1998 (The Tropical Forest Protection Act, H.R. 2870). Broome, Dr. Claire, Acting Director, Centers for Disease Control, hearing before full committee, May 20, 1998 (Eradication and Elimination of Six Infectious Diseases). Brown, Fred, Associate Director, Southeast Asian Studies Program, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, hearing before SubAP, February 26, 1998 (Shattered Dream: The Uncertain State of Democracy in Cambodia). Bukhshs, Ludvica, Sister of the late Bishop John Joseph, Diocese of Sailabad, Pakistan, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 16, 1998 (Victims of Religious Persecution Around the World). Burkhalter, Holly, Advocacy Director, Physicians for Human Rights, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 5, 1998 (Rwanda: Genocide and the Continuing Cycle of Violence). Burt, Robert, Chairman, Environmental Task Force, The Business Roundtable, hearing before full committee, May 13, 1998 (The Kyoto Protocol: Problems with U.S. Sovereignty and the Lack of Developing Country Participation). Calamaro, Raymond S., Esq., Hogan & Hartson, hearing before full committee, May 7, 1998 (Issues in U.S.-European Union Trade: European Privacy Legislation and Biotechnology/Food Safety Policy). Camp, Dr. Roderic A., Professor of Latin American Studies, Clare- mont McKenna College and Adjunct Fellow, Center for Strate- gic International Studies, hearing before SubWHEM, July 29, 1998 (Conflict Resolution: Chiapas, Mexico and the Search for Peace). Canner, Stephen J., Vice President, Investment Policy and Finan- cial Services, U.S. Council for International Business, hearing before SubIEPT, March 5, 1998 (Multilateral Agreement on In- vestment: Win, Lose or Draw for the U.S.?). Capps, Bob, President, U.S. China Business Council, hearing before SubIEPT, June 24, 1998 (China and Economic Engagement: Success or Failure?). Carrington, Honorable Walter, Resident Fellow, W.E.B. DuBois In- stitute, hearing before full committee, June 25, 1998 (Prospects for Democracy in Nigeria). Chambers, Dr. James V., Purdue University, hearing before full committee, May 7, 1998 (Issues in U.S.-European Union Trade: European Privacy Legislation and Biotechnology/Food Safety Policy). Choate, Allen C., Director of Program Development, The Asia Foundation, hearing before SubAP, April 30, 1998 (U.S. Policy Options Toward China: Rule of Law and Democracy Pro- grams). 80 Chuchon, Dr. Hector Chavez, Director, Peruvian Medical Associa- tion, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 25, 1998 (The Peru- vian Population Control Program). Clawson, Dr. Patrick, Research Director, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, hearing before full committee, June 3, 1998 (How Sanctions Can Affect U.S. Policy Interests). Cohen, Dr. Eliot, Professor of Strategic Studies, Paul Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, hearing before full committee, February 25, 1998 (U.S. Options in Confronting Iraq). Craner, Lorne, President, International Republican Institute, hearing before SubAP, April 30, 1998 (U.S. Policy Options Toward China: Rule of Law and Democracy Programs). Dalpino, Catharin, Co-director, Cambodia Policy Study Group, Brookings Institution, hearing before SubAP, February 26, 1998 (Shattered Dream: The Uncertain State of Democracy in Cambodia). Daulaire, Dr. Nils, Senior Health Advisor, Agency for International Development, hearing before full committee, May 20, 1998 (Eradication and Elimination of Six Infectious Diseases). Deeb, Mary Jane, Editor, Middle East Journal, hearing before SubAF, February 5, 1998 (Algeria’s Turmoil). Deffenbaugh, Ralston, Executive Director, Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 24, 1998 (Annual Oversight of Refugee Programs, Policies, and Budget). DesForges, Dr. Allison L., Consultant, Human Rights Watch/Africa, hearing before SubIOPHR and SubAF, March 5, 1998 (The On- going Crisis in the Great Lakes); hearing before SubIOPHR, May 5, 1998 (Rwanda: Genocide and the Continuing Cycle of Violence). Destexhe, Senator Alain, President, International Crisis Group, Di- rector, Institute for International Economics, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 5, 1998 (Rwanda: Genocide and the Continu- ing Cycle of Violence). Diaz, Carlos Tello, Independent Mexican Scholar, hearing before SubWHEM, July 29, 1998 (Conflict Resolution: Chiapas, Mex- ico and the Search for Peace). DiMare, Paul, Farmer and Owner, DiMare Homestead, Inc., hearing before SubIEPT, April 29, 1998 (Trade In the Americas: Beyond the Santiago Summit). Dominguez, Jorge, Professor, Center for International Affairs, Har- vard University, hearing before SubWHEM, March 4, 1998 (The Visit of His Holiness Pope John Paul II to Cuba: An As- sessment of Its Impact on Religious Freedom in Cuba). Drumtra, Jeff, Policy Analyst, U.S. Committee for Refugees, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 5, 1998 (Rwanda: Genocide and the Continuing Cycle of Violence). Duan, Gao Xiao, Former Administrator, Planned Birth Control Of- fice, People’s Republic of China, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 10, 1998 (Forced Abortion and Sterilization in China: The View from the Inside). Dunton, Pat, President, Korean/Cold War Family Association of the Missing, hearing before full committee, June 17, 1998 (A 81 Worldwide Review of the Clinton Administration’s POW/MIA Policies and Programs). Dykes, Michael, Monsanto Corporation, hearing before full committee, May 7, 1998 (Issues in U.S.-European Union Trade: Euro- pean Privacy Legislation and Biotechnology/Food Safety Pol- icy). Eiffe, Daniel, Liaison Officer, Norwegian Peoples Aid, hearing before SubIOPHR and SubAF, July 29, 1998 (Crises in Sudan and Northern Uganda). Espinoza, Victoria Vigo, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 25, 1998 (The Peruvian Population Control Problem). Fay, Kevin, Executive Director, International Climate Change Partnership, hearing before full committee, May 13, 1998 (The Kyoto Protocol: Problems with U.S. Sovereignty and the Lack of Developing Country Participation). Fernandez, Jorge I., Senior Vice President, International Davel Communications Group, hearing before SubIEPT, March 12, 1998 (Helms-Burton: Two Years Later). Fishman, Phil, Assistant Director for International Affairs/Asia Re- gion, AFL–CIO, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 26, 1998 (Human Rights in China). Fisk, Daniel W., Esq., Fellow, Center for Strategic and Inter- national Studies, Department of Political Science, Arizona State University, hearing before full committee, June 3, 1998 (How Sanctions Can Affect U.S. Policy Interests). Frank, Frederick, Chairperson, Public Social Policy Steering Com- mittee, Council of Jewish Federations, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 24, 1998 (Annual Oversight of Refugee Programs, Policies, and Budget). Franken, Mark, Executive Director, U.S. Catholic Conference, Mi- gration & Refugee Services, hearing before SubIOPHR, Feb- ruary 24, 1998 (Annual Oversight of Refugee Programs, Poli- cies, and Budget). Frelick, William, Senior U.S. Policy Analyst, U.S. Committee for Refugees, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 24, 1998 (An- nual Oversight of Refugee Programs, Policies, and Budget). Fried, Dr. Stephanie G., Scientist, International Program, Environ- mental Defense Fund, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 7, 1998 (Human Rights in Indonesia). Gaddy, Dr. Clifford, Fellow, Foreign Policy Studies Program, hearing before full committee, July 16, 1998 (The U.S. and Russia: Assessing the Relationship). Gaffney, Honorable Frank, Director, Center for National Security Policy, hearing before full committee, May 13, 1998 (The Kyoto Protocol: Problems with U.S. Sovereignty and the Lack of De- veloping Country Participation); Director, William Casey Cen- ter for Security Policy, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy, Reagan Adminis- tration, hearing before SubIEPT, June 24, 1998 (China and Economic Engagement: Success or Failure?). Gallego, Col. Leonardo, Director, Colombian National Police, DANTI (anti-drug) Unit, hearing before full committee, Feb- ruary 26, 1998 (U.S. Narcotics Policy Toward Colombia). 82 Galliano, Ralph J., Editor, U.S. Cuba Policy Report, hearing before SubIEPT, March 12, 1998 (Helms-Burton: Two Years Later). Gearan, Honorable Mark, Director, The Peace Corps, hearing before full committee, March 18, 1998 (The Peace Corps: 10,000 Volunteers by the Year 2000). Gere, Richard, Co-Chairman, International Campaign for Tibet, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 24, 1998 (Annual Over- sight of Refugee Programs, Policies, and Budget). Germann, Dan, New Tribes Mission, hearing before full committee, March 31, 1998 (U.S. Counter-Narcotics Policy Towards Colom- bia). Glassman, James, Fellow, American Enterprise Institute, hearing before SubAP and SubIEPT, April 23, 1998 (Japan’s Role in the Asian Financial Crisis). Goble, Paul, Director of Communications Division, Radio Free Eu- rope—Radio Liberty, Inc., hearing before full committee, July 16, 1998 (The U.S. and Russia: Assessing the Relationship). Goldstein, Eric, Human Rights Watch, hearing before SubAF, Feb- ruary 5, 1998 (Human Rights Watch). Griffiths, Ann Mills, Executive Director, National League of Fami- lies, hearing before full committee, June 17, 1998 (A World- wide Review of the Clinton Administration’s POW/MIA Policies and Programs). Griswold, Daniel, Associate Director Center for Trade Policy, CATO Institute, hearing before SubIEPT, July 22, 1998 (The U.S. and its Trade Deficit: Restoring the Balance). Grondine, Robert, Governor, American Chamber of Commerce, Japan, hearing before SubAP and SubIEPT, April 23, 1998 (Ja- pan’s Role in the Asian Financial Crisis). Grove, Paul, Deputy Regional Programs Director for Asia and the Middle East, International Republican Institute, hearing before SubAP, February 26, 1998 (Shattered Dream: The Uncertain State of Democracy in Cambodia). Gustafson, Erick, Deputy Director of Regulatory Policy, Citizens for a Sound Economy, hearing before SubIEPT, July 22, 1998 (The U.S. and its Trade Deficit: Restoring the Balance). Haas, Dr. Richard, Director, Foreign Policy Studies Program, The Brookings Institute, hearing before full committee, February 25, 1998 (U.S. Options in Confronting Iraq). Haggard, Stephan, Acting Director, Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, hearing before SubIEPT, February 4, 1998 (Fi- nancial Crisis in Asia). Hamzah, Jafar S., Former Staff Attorney, Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 7, 1998 (Human Rights in Indonesia). Harder, Bruce, Director, National Security and Foreign Affairs, Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, hearing before full committee, June 17, 1998 (A Worldwide Review of the Clinton Administration’s POW/MIA Policies and Programs). Hargrove, Thomas, Former FARC Hostage, hearing before full committee, March 31, 1998 (U.S. Counter-Narcotics Policy Towards Colombia). Heffernan, John, Executive Director, Coalition for International Justice, hearing before SubIOPHR, March 31, 1998 (The Be- 83 trayal of Srebrenica: Why Did the Massacre Happen? Will It Happen Again?). Hernandez, Francisco J., President, Cuban American National Foundation, hearing before SubIEPT, March 12, 1998 (Helms- Burton: Two Years Later). Heymann, Dr. David L., Director, Division of Emerging and Other Communicable Diseases, Surveillance and Control, World Health Organization, hearing before full committee, May 20, 1998 (Eradication and Elimination of Six Infectious Diseases). Jagger, Bianca, Member, Executive Director’s Advisory Council, Amnesty International, USA, hearing before SubIOPHR, March 31, 1998 (The Betrayal of Srebrenica: Why Did the Mas- sacre Happen? Will It Happen Again?). Jendrzejczyk, Mike, Washington Director, DC Office, Human Rights Watch/Asia, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 26, 1998 (Human Rights in China). Jingsheng, Wei, Former Political Prisoner, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 3, 1998 (Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1997); Center for the Study of Human Rights, hearing before full committee, June 4, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on Government Reform and Over- sight: The Sale of Body Parts by the People’s Republic of China). Jitpraphai, Dr. Phaibul, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, hearing before full committee, June 4, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight: The Sale of Body Parts by the People’s Republic of China). Johnson-Freese, Dr. Joan, Professor, Air War College, hearing before full committee, June 17, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Security: U.S. Policy Regarding the Ex- port of Satellites to China—Private Witnesses). Jones, Sidney, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch/Asia, hearing before SubAP, June 4, 1998 (U.S. Policy Options To- ward Indonesia: What We Can Expect; How We Can Help). Kamm, John T., President, Asia Pacific Resources, Inc., hearing before SubAP, April 30, 1998 (U.S. Policy Options Toward China: Rule of Law and Democracy Programs). Kan, Shirley A., Congressional Research Service, hearing before full committee, June 17, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Commit- tee on National Security: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Satellites to China—Private Witnesses). Katz, Richard, Contributing Editor, The Oriental Economist Report, hearing before SubAP and SubIEPT, April 23, 1998 (Japan’s Role in the Asian Financial Crisis). Kaye, David, Director, Center for Counter-Terrorism, Science Ap- plication International Corporation, hearing before full committee, February 25, 1998 (U.S. Options in Confronting Iraq). Kazemzedeh, Dr. Firuz, Secretary for External Affairs, National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahais of the United States, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 16, 1998 (Victims of Religious Persecu- tion Around the World). Kent, Jonathan H., Washington Representative, National Customs Brokers and Forwarders Association of America, hearing before 84 SubIEPT, June 11, 1998 (Modernization of U.S. Customs: Im- plications on Trade). Khan, Shaharyar M., Former Special Representative of The United Nations Secretary General to Rwanda, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 5, 1998 (Rwanda: Genocide and the Continu- ing Cycle of Violence). Kirkpatrick, Honorable Jeane, Senior Fellow, American Enterprise Institute, Former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, Reagan Administration, hearing before full committee, April 29, 1998 (U.S. Annual Drug Certification Process). Lamamra, H.E. Ramtane, Ambassador, Embassy of Algeria, hearing before SubAF, February 5, 1998 (Algeria’s Turmoil). Lane, Mike, Automation Committee Chairman, Joint Industry Group, hearing before SubIEPT, June 11, 1998 (Modernization of U.S. Customs: Implications on Trade). Lash, William H., III, Professor of Law and Director of Inter- national Business Law Programs, George Mason University, hearing before SubIEPT, March 30, 1998 (WTO-Dispute Settle- ment Body). Lee, Thea, Assistant Director of Public Policy, AFL–CIO, hearing before full committee, June 3, 1998 (How Sanctions Can Affect U.S. Policy Interests). Leigh, H. E. John Ernest, Ambassador, Embassy of Sierra Leone, hearing before SubAF, June 11, 1998 (Reconstructing Sierra Leone). Lilley, Honorable James, Resident Fellow, Asian Studies, American Enterprise Institute, hearing before SubAP, May 20, 1998 (U.S.-Taiwan Relations). Litan, Robert, The Brookings Institution, hearing before full committee, May 7, 1998 (Issues in U.S.-European Union Trade: European Privacy Legislation and Biotechnology/Food Safety Policy). Lopez, Lt. Fernando, Logistics Support Officer, Columbian National Police, DANTI (anti-drug) Unit, hearing before full committee, February 26, 1998 (U.S. Narcotics Policy Toward Columbia). Lorgeranon, Somporn, Recipient of Organ Transplant, hearing before full committee, June 4, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Com- mittee on Government Reform and Oversight: The Sale of Body Parts by the People’s Republic of China). Lustrilanang, Pius, Indonesian Democracy Advocate, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 7, 1998 (Human Rights in Indonesia). Malone, Shawn, Associate Director, Cuba Project, Center for Latin American Studies, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown Uni- versity, hearing before SubWHEM, March 4, 1998 (The Visit of His Holiness Pope John Paul II to Cuba: An Assessment of Its Impact on Religious Freedom in Cuba). Maresca, John J., Vice President for International Relations, UNOCAL Corporation, hearing before SubAP, February 12, 1998 (U.S. Interests in the Central Asian Republics). Massimino, Elisa, Acting Director, Washington Office, Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, hearing before SubIOPHR, Feb- ruary 3, 1998 (Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1997). 85 McCabe, Bernie, U.S. Representative, Sandline International, hearing before SubAF, June 11, 1998 (Reconstructing Sierra Leone). McNamara, Dennis, Director, Division of International Protection, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 5, 1998 (Rwanda: Genocide and the Con- tinuing Cycle of Violence). Metalitz, Steven, Vice President and General Counsel, Inter- national Intellectual Property Alliance, hearing before SubIEPT, May 21, 1998 (Intellectual Property Rights: The Music and Film Industry). Milhollin, Dr. Gary, Director, Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control, hearing before full committee, June 17, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Security: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Satellites to China—Private Wit- nesses). Miller, Ambassador David C., Jr., President, Corporate Council on Africa, hearing before SubAF, May 7, 1998 (Africa in the World Economy); hearing before full committee, June 25, 1998 (Pros- pects for Democracy in Nigeria). Moore, Dale, Executive Director Legislative Affairs, National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, hearing before SubIEPT, March 30, 1998 (WTO—Dispute Settlement Body). Morici, Peter, Senior Fellow, Economic Strategy Institute, hearing before SubIEPT, July 22, 1998 (The U.S. and its Trade Deficit: Restoring the Balance). Munro, Ross, Director of Asian Studies, Center for Security Stud- ies, Co-author, ‘‘The Coming Conflict with China,’’ hearing before SubIEPT, June 24, 1998 (China and Economic Engage- ment: Success or Failure?). Nelson, Tia, Senior Policy Advisor for Latin America and Carib- bean Division, Nature Conservancy, hearing before full committee, March 4, 1998 (The Tropical Forest Protection Act, H.R. 2870). Noland, Marcus, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Inter- national Economics, hearing before SubIEPT, February 4, 1998 (Financial Crisis in Asia). Nolberto, Avelina Sanchez, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 25, 1998 (The Peruvian Population Control Program). Nova, Scott, Director, MAI Research Project, hearing before SubIEPT, March 5, 1998 (Multilateral Agreement on Invest- ment: Win, Lose or Draw for the U.S.?). Nsanzuwera, Francois-Xavier, Former President, CLADHO (Fed- eration of Rwandese Associations of Human Rights), hearing before SubIOPHR, May 5, 1998 (Rwanda: Genocide and the Continuing Cycle of Violence). Nuhanovic, Hasan, Bosnian Citizen, hearing before SubIOPHR, March 31, 1998 (The Betrayal of Srebrenica: Why Did the Mas- sacre Happen? Will It Happen Again?). Odom, Lt. Gen. William, Director of National Security Studies, The Hudson Institute, hearing before full committee, July 16, 1998 (The U.S. and Russia: Assessing the Relationship). O’Keefe, William, Executive Vice President, American Petroleum Institute, hearing before full committee, May 13, 1998 (The 86 Kyoto Protocol: Problems with U.S. Sovereignty and the Lack of Developing Country Participation). Ould-Abdallah, Ambassador Ahmedou, Executive Secretary, Global Coalition for Africa, hearing before SubAF, May 20, 1998 (Anti- Corruption Efforts in Africa). Paal, Douglas, President, Asia-Pacific Policy Center, hearing before SubAP, May 20, 1998 (U.S.-Taiwan Relations). Paul, Diane, Consultant on Former Yugoslavia, Human Rights Watch, hearing before SubIOPHR, March 31, 1998 (The Be- trayal of Srebrenica: Why Did the Massacre Happen? Will It Happen Again?). Pei, Minxin, Assistant Professor, Department of Politics, Princeton University, hearing before SubAP, April 30, 1998 (U.S. Policy Options Toward China: Rule of Law and Democracy Pro- grams). Penalver, Rafael, Attorney, Penalver & Penalver, hearing before SubWHEM, March 4, 1998 (The Visit of His Holiness Pope John Paul II to Cuba: An Assessment of Its Impact on Reli- gious Freedom in Cuba). Permuy, Jesus A., A.I.C.P., Director of Human Rights and Inter- national Relations, UNIDAD Cubana, hearing before SubIEPT, March 30, 1998 (WTO—Dispute Settlement Body). Pigman, Herbert, Past Secretary General, Rotary International, hearing before full committee, May 20, 1998 (Eradication and Elimination of Six Infectious Diseases). Pinto, Constancio, United States and United Nations Representa- tive, National Council of Maubery (East Timor) Resistance, hearing before SubIOPHR, May 7, 1998 (Human Rights in In- donesia). Quiang, Xiao, Executive Director, Human Rights in China, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 26, 1998 (Human Rights in China). Quigley, Thomas E., Policy Advisor, Latin American and Caribbean Affairs, United States Catholic Conference, Department of So- cial Development and World Peace, hearing before SubWHEM, March 4, 1998 (The Visit of His Holiness Pope John Paul II to Cuba: An Assessment of Its Impact on Religious Freedom in Cuba). Resor, James, Director of Conservation Finance, World Wildlife Fund, hearing before full committee, March 4, 1998 (The Tropi- cal Forest Protection Act, H.R. 2870). Rich, Tania, Wife of Hostage, New Tribes Mission, hearing before full committee, March 31, 1998 (U.S. Counter-Narcotics Policy Towards Colombia). Richardson, Bonnie, Vice President for Trade and Federal Affairs, Motion Picture Association of America, hearing before SubIEPT, May 21, 1998 (Intellectual Property Rights: The Music and Film Industry). Rickard, Stephen, Director, Washington Office, Amnesty Inter- national, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 3, 1998 (Coun- try Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1997); hearing before SubIOPHR, June 26, 1998 (Human Rights in China). Rodman, Peter, Director of National Security Studies, The Nixon Center, hearing before full committee, July 16, 1998 (The U.S. and Russia: Assessing the Relationship). 87 Rone, Jemera, Counsel, Human Rights Watch, hearing before SubIOPHR and SubAF, July 29, 1998 (Crises in Sudan and Northern Uganda). Rotenberg, Mark, Electronic Privacy Information Center, hearing before full committee, May 7, 1998 (Issues in U.S.-European Union Trade: European Privacy Legislation and Biotechnology/ Food Safety Policy). Roth, Ken, Executive Director, Human Rights Watch, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 3, 1998 (Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1997). Ryscavage, Fr. Rick, S.J., National Director, Jesuit Refugee Serv- ice, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 24, 1998 (Annual Oversight of Refugee Programs, Policies, and Budget). Samuels, Ambassador Michael, President, Samuels International Associates, Inc., hearing before SubAF, May 7, 1998 (Africa in the World Economy). Schott, Jeffrey, Senior Fellow, Institute for International Econom- ics, hearing before full committee, June 3, 1998 (How Sanc- tions Can Affect U.S. Policy Interests). Schwarz, Adam, Council on Foreign Relations, hearing before SubAP, June 4, 1998 (U.S. Policy Options Toward Indonesia: What We Can Expect; How We Can Help). Scott, Robert, Economist, Economic Policy Institute, hearing before SubIEPT, April 29, 1998 (Trade In the Americas: Beyond the Santiago Summit). Scowcroft, General Brent, The Scowcroft Group, Former National Security Advisor, Bush Administration, hearing before full committee, April 29, 1998 (U.S. Annual Drug Certification Process). Serrano, General Jose, Director General, Colombian National Po- lice, hearing before full committee, March 31, 1998 (U.S. Counter-Narcotics Policy Towards Colombia). Shea, Nina, Director of Religious Programs, Freedom House, hearing before SubIOPHR, February 3, 1998 (Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1997); hearing before SubIOPHR, June 26, 1998 (Human Rights in China). Shenk, Norm, United Parcel Service Brokerage, hearing before SubIEPT, June 11, 1998 (Modernization of U.S. Customs: Im- plications on Trade). Sokol, David L., Chairman and CEO, CalEnergy Company, Inc., hearing before SubIEPT, February 4, 1998 (Financial Crisis in Asia). Sokolski, Dr. Henry, Executive Director, Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, hearing before full committee, June 17, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on National Security: U.S. Policy Regarding the Export of Satellites to China—Private Witnesses). Solomon, Joel, Research Director for the Americas, Human Rights Watch, hearing before SubWHEM, July 29, 1998 (Conflict Res- olution: Chiapas, Mexico and the Search for Peace). Sommer, John, Executive Director, American Legion Headquarters, Washington, D.C., hearing before full committee, June 17, 1998 (A Worldwide Review of the Clinton Administration’s POW/ MIA Policies and Programs). 88 Starr, S. Frederick, Chairman, Central Asia-Caspian Institute, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, hearing before SubAP, February 12, 1998 (U.S. Inter- ests in the Central Asian Republics). Stover, Eric, Director of Human Rights Center, Adjunct Professor of Public Health, University of California/Berkeley, hearing before SubIOPHR, March 31, 1998 (The Betrayal of Srebrenica: Why Did the Massacre Happen? Will It Happen Again?). Stumberg, Robert, Director, Harrison Institute for Public Law, Georgetown University Law Center, hearing before SubIEPT, March 5, 1998 (Multilateral Agreement on Investment: Win, Lose or Draw for the U.S.?). Turay, Edward, Secretary-General and Parliamentary Leader, All People’s Congress Party, Sierra Leone, hearing before SubAF, June 11, 1998 (Reconstructing Sierra Leone). Vastine, Robert, Coalition of Service Industries, hearing before full committee, May 7, 1998 (Issues in U.S.-European Union Trade: European Privacy Legislation and Biotechnology/Food Safety Policy). Veguilla, Dr. Eliazar, Cuban Religious Leader and Torture Sur- vivor, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 16, 1998 (Victims of Re- ligious Persecution Around the World). Viota, Leo, Institute for Democracy in Cuba, hearing before SubWHEM, March 4, 1998 (The Visit of His Holiness Pope John Paul II to Cuba: An Assessment of Its Impact on Reli- gious Freedom in Cuba). Wallach, Lori, Director, Global Trade Watch, Public Citizen, hearing before SubIEPT, March 5, 1998 (Multilateral Agreement on Investment: Win, Lose or Draw for the U.S.?). Walters, John, President, The Philanthropy Roundtable, Former Deputy Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Bush Administration, hearing before full committee, April 29, 1998 (U.S. Annual Drug Certification Process). Walters, Peter S., Group Vice President, Guardian Industries Cor- poration, hearing before SubAP and SubIEPT, April 23, 1998 (Japan’s Role in the Asian Financial Crisis). Williams, Phil, Director of General Matthews B. Ridgeway Center for International Security Studies, hearing before SubAF, July 15, 1998 (Combating International Crime in Africa). ‘‘Witness X’’, Former Chinese Prison Official, hearing before full committee, June 16, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight: The Sale of Body Parts by the People’s Republic of China, Part II). Wolfowitz, Ambassador Paul, Dean, Paul Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, hearing before full committee, February 25, 1998 (U.S. Options in Con- fronting Iraq); hearing before SubAP, June 4, 1998 (U.S. Policy Options Toward Indonesia: What We Can Expect; How We Can Help). Wongmo, Gyaltsen, Tibetan Buddhist Nun, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 16, 1998 (Victims of Religious Persecution Around the World). Wu, Harry Hongda, The Laogai Research Foundation, hearing before full committee, June 4, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Com- 89 mittee on Government Reform and Oversight: The Sale of Body Parts by the People’s Republic of China); hearing before SubIOPHR, June 10, 1998 (Forced Abortion and Sterilization in China: The View from the Inside); hearing before full committee, June 16, 1998 (Joint Hearing with the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight: The Sale of Body Parts by the People’s Republic of China, Part II); Chinese human rights dissident and former prisoner of conscience, hearing before SubIEPT, June 24, 1998 (China and Economic Engagement: Success or Failure?). Yasin, Parhat, Relative of Victim of Religious Persecution, Xinijan Uyghur Region, China, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 16, 1998 (Victims of Religious Persecution Around the World). Yeats, Stephen, China Policy Analyst, Heritage Foundation, hearing before SubIEPT, June 24, 1998 (China and Economic En- gagement: Success or Failure?). Yon, Zhou Shiu, Coercive Population Control Victim, hearing before SubIOPHR, June 10, 1998 (Forced Abortion and Sterilization in China: The View from the Inside). H. Foreign Dignitaries and U.S. Officials received in the 105th Congress by the House Committee on International Relations for informal Committee meetings—1998 Albania—7/23/98 H.E. Skender Gjinushi, Speaker of Parliament Argentina—2/24/98 H.E. Carlos Corach, Minister of the Interior; 6/9/98 H.E. Octavio Frigerio, President, White Helmets Initia- tive Austria—7/15/98 H.E. Helmut Teurk, Ambassador Bolivia—3/2/98 H.E. Jorge Quiroga, Vice President Bosnia and Herzegovina—3/2/98 H.E. Dr. Ejup Ganic, President; 5/21/98 H.E. Cardinal Vinko Pulic, Archbishop of Sarajevo, H.E. Dr. Mustafa Ceric, Raisu-I-Ulama, Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina, H.E. Metropolitan Nikolaj Mrdja, Head of the Orthodox Church of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Dr. Jacob Finci, President of the Jewish Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria—2/11/98 H.E. Petar Stoyanov, President Burundi—9/24/98 H.E. Pierre Buyoya, President Canada—3/31/98 12 members from the House of Commons Stand- ing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Trade (led by Chairman Bill Graham); 7/22/98 Hon. Jerry Grafstein, Sen- ator Colombia—2/26/98 Col. Leonardo Gallego, Director, and Lt. Fer- nando Lopez, Colombian National Police; 3/24/98 H.E. Maria Emma Mejia, Minister of Foreign Affairs; 3/31/98 Gen. Jose Serrano, Director General, National Police; 12/9/98 H.E. Rodrigo Lloreda, Minister of Defense and delegation Congo, Republic of—10/9/98 H.E. Pascal Lissouba, Former Presi- dent Costa Rica—3/24/98, 10/1/98 H.E. Miguel Angel Rodriquez, Presi- dent Croatia—7/22/98 H.E. Dr. Mate Granic, Minister of Foreign Af- fairs 90 Cyprus—5/21/98 H.E. Ioannis Kasoulides, Minister of Foreign Af- fairs; 7/29/98 H.E. Andros Nicolaides, Ambassador Czech Republic—2/10/98 H.E. Jaroslav Sedivy, Foreign Minister (meeting with potential NATO members) Egypt—7/15/98 H.E. Amr Moussa, Foreign Minister Eritrea—4/30/98 H.E. Isaias Afwerki, President European Union—2/4/98 H.E. Manuel Marin, Vice President of the Commission of the EU; 4/1/98 H.E. Christopher Meyer, British Ambassador and H.E. Hugo Paemen, Head of the Dele- gation of the EC to the United States; 5/5/98 Jacques Santer, President of the European Commission; 7/15/98 H.E. Helmut Tuerk, Ambassador of the Republic of Austria and H.E. Hugo Paemen, Head of the Delegation of the European Commission; 9/24/98 Sir Leon Brittan, Vice President France—6/18/98 H.E. Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister Georgia—3/31/98 H.E. Zurab Zhvania, Chairman of the Par- liament Germany—2/25/98 five members of Parliament, five outside ex- perts, led by Ms. Ortrun Schatzle (regarding the German Par- liament’s ‘‘Inquiry Commission on Sects and Psycho Groups’’); 5/21/98 Hon. Rudolf Scharping, Chairman of the Bundestag SPD Party; 7/14/98 Hon. Werner Hoyer, State Minister for Foreign Affairs; 7/17/98 Hon. Elmar Brok, Member, E.P. Greece—3/24/98 H.E. Theodoros Pangalos, Foreign Minister; 5/12/ 98 Hon. Constantinos Scandalidis, Secretary of PASOK Cen- tral Comm.; 6/25/98 H.E. Loucas Tsilas, Ambassador; 7/16/98 H.E. Alexander Philon Haiti—2/12/98 H.E. Fritz Longchamps, Minister of Foreign Af- fairs Hungary—2/10/98 H.E. Laszlo Kovacs, Foreign Minister (meeting with potential NATO members); 3/4/98 H.E. Gyorgy Habsburg, Ambassador; 10/7/98 H.E. Dr. Viktor Orban, Prime Minister Ireland—2/12/98 H.E. Liz O’Donnell, Minister of State; 5/6/98 Irish delegation led by Honorable Seamus Pattison, Speaker of the House of the Irish Parliament (Dail); 6/24/98 H.E. Mary McAleese, President; 9/24/98 H.E. David Andrews, TD, Min- ister of Foreign Affairs Israel—5/14/98 H.E. Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister; 6/3/98 Gen. Ori Orr, Hon. Uzi Landau; 7/30/98 Mr. Itzhak Oren, Minister for Congressional Affairs, Embassy of Israel; 10/8/98 H.E. Zalman Shoval, Ambassador Italy—5/6/98 H.E. Romano Prodi, Prime Minister Japan—4/23/98 H.E. Kunihiko Saito Ambassador Kenya—10/2/98 H.E. Bonaya Godana, Minister of Foreign Affairs Lebanon—6/18/98 H.E. Rafiq al-Harari, Prime Minister, Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia; 5/12/98 Tito Petkovski, President of the Parliament MERCOSUR; 3/25/98 Joint Par- liamentary Committee (Sen. Jose Manuel de la Sota, Sen. Eduardo Bauza, Rep. Ricardo Lafferriere, and Rep. Corchuelo Blasco from Argentina; Sen. Ludio Coehlo, Rep. Julio Re- decker, Rep. Paulo Bornhausen, and Rep. Germano Rigotto from Brazil; Sen. Carlos Alberto Gonzalez, Sen. Luis Guanes Gondra, Rep. Cubas Colomes, and Rep. Eduardo Ibarra de 91 Barros Barre from Paraguay; Rep. Washington Abdala, Rep. Doreen Javier Ibarra, Rep. Jose Carlos Cardoso, Rep. Ivan Po- sada and Rep. Walter Cofone from Uruguay; and Sen. Gabriel Valdez from Chile) Montenegro—3/24/98 Delegation of Members of Parliament; 4/22/ 98 H.E. Milo Djukanovic, President Nicaragua—5/13/98 Arnoldo Aleman, President Nigeria—8/4/98 Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo, Former President North Korea—12/9/98 H.E. Kim Gye-Gwan, Vice Min. for Amer- ican Affairs, Foreign Ministry Northern Ireland—7/22/98 Honorable Marjorie Mowlam, Minister of State Norway—6/25/98 H.E. Tom Vraalson, Ambassador Pakistan—2/24/98 H.E. Riaz Khokhar, Ambassador; 6/3/98 Par- liamentary delegation (comprised of Sen. Akram Zaki, Chair- man of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and Colonel Ghulam Sarwar Cheema, Chairman, National Assembly Stand- ing Committee on Defense); 6/10/98 H.E. Baki Ilkin, Ap- pointed Ambassador Palestinian Authority—7/23/98 Delegation from the Palestinian Legislative Council, led by its Speaker, Ahmed Qurei (Abu Ala) Panama—4/27/98 H.E. Eloy Alfaro, Ambassador Peru—6/10/98, 9/9/98 H.E. Marino Costa Bauer, Minister of Health Poland—2/10/98 H.E. Bronislaw Geremek, Foreign Minister (meeting with potential NATO members) Qatar—3/26/98 H.E. Sheikh Hamad Bin Jasim bin Jabir Al Thani, Minister of Foreign Affairs; 6/17/98 H.E. Sheikh Jassim bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Crown Prince Republic of Korea—5/19/98 H.E. Lee Hong-koo, Ambassador; 9/10/ 98 H.E. Hong Soon-young, Minister of Foreign Affairs Romania—4/23/98 H.E. Andrei Plesu, Minister of Foreign Affairs; 7/15/98 H.E. Emil Constantinescu, President Russian Federation—3/19/98 General Alexander Lebed, Chairman of the Russian Republican Popular Party; 6/16/98 Hon. Andrei A. Kokoshin, Secretary of the General Council Serbia—3/24/98 Delegation of Members of Parliament. Slovak Republic—1/28/98 H.E. Michal Kovac, President Srpska—7/30/98 H.E. Milorad Dodik, Prime Minister State Department—5/12/98 Honorable Madeleine Albright, Sec- retary of State Taiwan—4/29/98 Hon. Stephen Chen, Representative, Taipei Econ. Cult. Office; 5/20/98 Chen-Fu Koo, President, Straits Exchange Foundation Thailand—3/12/98 H.E. Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister Treasury Department—5/7/98 Honorable Lawrence H. Summers, Deputy Secretary Tunisia—6/19/98 H.E. Havin Ben Yahia Minister of Defense United Arab Emirates—7/14/98 H.E. Sheikh Khalid bin Saqr Al Qasimi, Crown Prince 92 United Kingdom—3/2/98, 4/1/98 H.E. Christopher Meyer, Ambas- sador; 3/17/98, 7/22/98 Rt. Hon. Dr. Marjorie Mowlam, Sec- retary of State, Northern Ireland; 12/8/98 Paul Murphy, MP Yemen—10/2/98 H.E. Abdulkader Bajammal, Minister of Foreign Affairs APPENDIX III

COMMITTEE ORIGINS AND HISTORY The Committee on Foreign Affairs/International Relations traces its origins to November 29, 1775. It was on that date that the Con- tinental Congress by resolution created a committee ‘‘for the sole purposes of corresponding with our friends in Great Britain, Ire- land, and other parts of the world.’’ The members chosen for this committee were Benjamin Franklin—who served as chairman and guiding spirit—Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Johnson, Jr., John Dickinson, and John Jay. Known at first as the Committee of Cor- respondence, the committee itself soon changed its name to the Committee of Secret Correspondence. That committee was the first institution created to represent the United States in the foreign affairs field. The Committee on For- eign Affairs (as well as the Senate Foreign Relations Committee) is a lineal descendant of the Committee of Correspondence. Franklin’s committee quickly entered into communication with various persons in Europe for the purpose of ascertaining senti- ment there toward the Colonies and obtaining any other information which might be useful in the struggle with England. It even designated its own secret agents abroad. By the spring of 1777, the specialized nature of the committee’s work had been recognized and its title changed to ‘‘Committee for Foreign Affairs.’’ Special problems in foreign relations, however, were sometimes dealt with by select or temporary committees appointed for the purpose. After the Congress of the United States was organized under the Constitution, select committees to deal with foreign affairs were appointed. In 1807, during the Jefferson Presidency, a House committee was established in response to predatory actions by both the French and British against American commercial shipping. Follow- ing the seizure and search of the U.S. frigate Chesapeake 10 miles off the Virginia coast by a British ship, the House appointed a special Foreign Relations Committee which was also known as the Ag- gression Committee. That committee had an active role in foreign policy considerations through the War of 1812 and in 1822, re- named the Committee on Foreign Affairs, was designated a standing committee of the House with a membership of seven. The 150th anniversary of that event was celebrated by the committee in 1972. Because the House is the organ of National Government closest to the citizenry, the Committee on Foreign Affairs may truly be said to have been the voice of the American people on issues of international significance for more than a century and a half. Al- though this important role has remained the same, the name of the committee was changed on March 19, 1975, by a resolution (House (93) 94 Resolution 163) sponsored by 22 members of the committee to the Committee on International Relations. The change resulted from the extensive discussions by the members that were undertaken in relation to the reorganization of the subcommittee structure of the committee. It was the consensus that the change in the name of the full committee would more accurately reflect the organization of the committee as it had been agreed upon by its own members at that time. Subsequently, at the beginning of the 96th Congress, the committee again reorganized its subcommittee structure and agreed to the introduction of House Resolution 89, sponsored by 30 Members, to return to the committee’s original name ‘‘The Commit- tee on Foreign Affairs.’’ The resolution was agreed to on February 5, 1979. Throughout its history, the committee has been composed of some of America’s most able legislators and statesmen. Two Amer- ican Presidents have served on it: James K. Polk, from 1827 to 1831, and John Quincy Adams, who became chairman in 1842 after he returned to the House following his term as the Chief Executive. Many former chairmen of the committee have written their names into the history books. Among them was Edward Everett of Massachusetts, chairman in the 20th Congress, who also served as Secretary of State, was a Whig Vice Presidential candidate in 1860, and is remembered as one of America’s greatest orators. Francis W. Pickens, who chaired the committee from 1839 to 1841, later became Governor of South Carolina and authorized the firing on Fort Sumter which precipitated the Civil War. Serving as chairman in the aftermath of World War I, Stephen G. Porter of Pennsylvania came to be one of the most influential figures in the determination of American foreign policy in the early 1920’s. In more recent times, Chairman Sol Bloom of New York and James P. Richards of South Carolina have been recognized for their contributions to America’s leadership in the immediate post- World War II period. The longest tenure as chairman in the history of the committee was that of Hon. Thomas E. Morgan of Pennsyl- vania who served in that position from 1959 until the end of the 94th Congress. Other former members of the Committee on Foreign Affairs— men like Tom Connally of Texas, Champ Clark of Iowa, and J. Wil- liam Fulbright of Arkansas, Mike Mansfield of Montana, and Jacob Javits of New York, Robert C. Byrd of West Virginia, and Abraham Ribicoff of Connecticut—went to the U.S. Senate where they established reputations for their work on international affairs legislation. Moreover, committee experience has provided a beginning for nu- merous men who have gone on to distinguish themselves in the diplomatic service of the country. Among them was Perry Belmont, chairman in the 49th and 50th Congresses, who was U.S. Minister of Spain in 1888–89 and a noted author of work on international policies. His successor as chairman in the 51st Congress was Rob- ert R. Hitt of Ohio who was chief of the U.S. Delegation in Paris from 1874 to 1881 and subsequently was appointed Assistant Sec- retary of State. Christian A. Herter, who served as Secretary of State during the Eisenhower administration, was a committee member in the 82d Congress. More recent examples are: Chester 95 Bowles, former Under Secretary of State; James W. Wadsworth, former U.S. Representative of the United Nations; F. Bradford Morse, United Nations Development Programs; E. Ross Adair, former Ambassador to Ethiopia; William S. Mailliard, former Am- bassador to the Organization of American States; and J. Danforth Quayle, former Vice President of the United States.

APPENDIX IV

MEETINGS OF COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FROM 64TH CONGRESS THROUGH 105TH CONGRESS

Session Total 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Committee Subcommittee Combined totals

64th Congress (1915–16): Committee ...... 27 33 ...... 60 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 ...... 0 60 65th Congress (1917–18): Committee ...... 13 32 5 ...... 50 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 0 ...... 50 ...... 66th Congress (1919–20): Committee ...... 15 23 20 ...... 58 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 0 ...... 0 58 67th Congress (1921–22): Committee ...... 6 24 1 ...... 49 ...... Subcommittee...... 0 0 0 ...... 0 49 68th Congress (1923–24): Committee ...... 42 15 ...... 57 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 ...... 0 57 69th Congress (1925–26): Committee ...... 43 16 ...... 59 ...... Subcommittee ...... 3 1 ...... 4 63 70th Congress (1927–28): Committee ...... 50 25 ...... 75 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 ...... 0 75 71st Congress (1929–30): Committee ...... (1) 47 16 ...... 63 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 ...... 0 63 72d Congress (1931–32): Committee ...... 45 13 ...... 58 ...... Subcommittee ...... 9 0 ...... 0 58 73d Congress (1933–34): Committee ...... 13 24 ...... 37 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 9 ...... 9 46 74th Congress (1935–36): Committee ...... 37 37 ...... 74 ...... Subcommittee ...... 7 0 ...... 7 81 75th Congress (1937–38): Committee ...... 35 1 14 ...... 50 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 0 0 ...... 0 50 76th Congress (1939–40): Committee ...... 46 0 33 ...... 79 ...... Subcommittee ...... 1 0 3 ...... 4 83 77th Congress (1941–42): Committee ...... 40 25 ...... 65 ...... Subcommittee ...... 0 2 ...... 2 67 78th Congress (1943–44): Committee ...... 60 56 ...... 116 ...... Subcommittee ...... 2 2 ...... 4 120 79th Congress (1945–46): Committee ...... 72 33 ...... 105 ...... Subcommittee ...... 1 0 ...... 1 106 (97) 98

MEETINGS OF COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FROM 64TH CONGRESS THROUGH 105TH CONGRESS—Continued

Session Total 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Committee Subcommittee Combined totals

80th Congress (1947–48): Committee ...... 103 115 ...... 218 ...... Subcommittee ...... 39 6 ...... 45 263 81st Congress (1949–50): Committee ...... 128 122 ...... 250 ...... Subcommittee ...... 10 36 ...... 46 296 82d Congress (1951–52): Committee ...... 102 58 ...... 160 ...... Subcommittee ...... 59 41 ...... 100 260 83d Congress (1953–54): Committee ...... 77 82 ...... 159 ...... Subcommittee ...... 73 49 ...... 122 281 84th Congress (1955–56): Committee ...... 87 77 ...... 164 ...... Subcommittee ...... 25 35 ...... 60 224 85th Congress (1957–58): Committee ...... 79 79 ...... 158 ...... Subcommittee ...... 82 41 ...... 123 281 86th Congress (1959–60): Committee ...... 82 59 ...... 141 ...... Subcommittee ...... 89 81 ...... 170 311 87th Congress (1961–62): Committee ...... 80 71 ...... 151 ...... Subcommittee ...... 72 67 ...... 139 290 88th Congress (1963–64): Committee ...... 88 47 ...... 135 ...... Subcommittee ...... 120 67 ...... 187 322 89th Congress (1965–66): Committee ...... 61 59 ...... 120 ...... Subcommittee ...... 140 103 ...... 243 363 90th Congress (1967–68): Committee ...... 74 53 ...... 127 ...... Subcommittee ...... 116 75 ...... 191 318 91st Congress (1969–70): Committee ...... 59 32 ...... 91 ...... Subcommittee ...... 120 147 ...... 267 358 92d Congress (1971–72): Committee ...... 40 36 ...... 76 ...... Subcommittee ...... 141 110 ...... 251 327 93rd Congress (1973–74): Committee ...... 44 53 ...... 97 ...... Subcommittee ...... 222 176 ...... 198 289 94th Congress (1975–76): Committee ...... 91 52 ...... 143 ...... Subcommittee ...... 198 157 ...... 355 498 95th Congress (1977–78): Committee 1 ...... 113 105 ...... 218 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 294 237 ...... 560 778 96th Congress (1979–80): Committee 1 ...... 135 105 ...... 240 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 294 237 ...... 531 771 97th Congress (1981–82): Committee 1 ...... 120 120 ...... 240 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 240 222 ...... 462 702 98th Congress (1983–84): Committee 1 ...... 126 84 ...... 210 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 214 184 ...... 398 608 99th Congress (1985–86): Committee 1 ...... 130 111 ...... 241 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 214 163 ...... 377 618 100th Congress (1987–88): Committee 1 ...... 143 202 ...... 345 ...... 99

MEETINGS OF COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FROM 64TH CONGRESS THROUGH 105TH CONGRESS—Continued

Session Total 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Committee Subcommittee Combined totals

Subcommittee 1 ...... 111 197 ...... 308 653 101st Congress (1989–90): Committee 1 ...... 90 108 ...... 198 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 266 227 ...... 493 691 102d Congress (1991–92): Committee 1 ...... 107 73 ...... 180 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 261 169 ...... 430 610 103rd Congress (1993–94): Committee 1 ...... 163 129 ...... 292 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 182 133 ...... 315 607 104th Congress (1995–96): Committee 1 ...... 172 116 ...... 288 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 96 68 ...... 164 452 105th Congress (1997–98): Committee 1 ...... 143 198 ...... 341 ...... Subcommittee 1 ...... 76 68 ...... 144 485 1 The above figures include the combined number of hearings, briefings, and include meetings with distinguished visitors and delegations.

APPENDIX V

MEMBERS OF THE SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE COMMITTEE ON INTER- NATIONAL RELATIONS 105TH CONGRESS (JANUARY 7, 1997–OCTO- BER 21, 1998) INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRADE Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, FL, Chairperson Donald A. Manzullo, IL Sam Gejdenson, CT Steve Chabot, OH Pat Danner, MO Tom Campbell, CA Earl Hilliard, AL Lindsey Graham, SC Brad Sherman, CA Roy Blunt, MO Steven Rothman, NJ Kevin Brady, TX Bob Clement, TN Doug Bereuter, NE Bill Luther, MN Dana Rohrabacher, CA Tom Lantos, CA Richard Burr, NC AFRICA Ed Royce, CA, Chairman Amo Houghton, NY Robert Menendez, NJ Steve Chabot, OH Donald Payne, NJ Mark Sanford, SC Cynthia McKinney, GA Tom Campbell, CA Alcee Hastings, FL John McHugh, NY ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Doug Bereuter, NE, Chairman James A. Leach, CA Howard L. Berman, CA Dana Rohrabacher, CA Eni F.H. Faleomavaega, AS Peter King, NY Robert Andrews, NJ Jay Kim, CA Sherrod Brown, OH Matt Salmon, AZ Matthew Martinez, CA Jon Fox, PA Alcee Hastings, FL John McHugh, NY Robert Wexler, FL Donald A. Manzullo, IL Lois Capps, CA Ed Royce, CA INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS Christopher H. Smith, NJ, Chairman William F. Goodling, PA Tom Lantos, CA Henry Hyde, IL Cynthia A. McKinney, GA Dan Burton, IN Gary Ackerman, NY Cass Ballenger, NC Eni F.H. Faleomavaega, AS Peter King, NY Donald Payne, NJ Matt Salmon, AZ Earl Hilliard, AL Lindsey Graham, SC Brad Sherman, CA Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, FL (101) 102 WESTERN HEMISPHERE Elton Gallegly, CA, Chairman Cass Ballenger, NC Gary Ackerman, NY Mark Sanford, SC Jim Davis, FL Chris Smith, NJ Matthew Martinez, CA Dan Burton, IN Robert Andrews, NJ Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, FL Robert Menendez, NJ Jay Kim, CA Robert Wexler, FL Roy Blunt, MO Steve Rothman, NJ Kevin Brady, TX APPENDIX VI

CHAIRMEN OF THE HOUSE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE

Congress Dates Congressman

17th ...... 1821–23 Jonathon Russell 18th ...... 1823–25 John Forsyth 19th ...... 1825–27 Do. 20th ...... 1827–29 Edward Everett 21st ...... 1829–31 William S. Archer 22nd ...... 1831–33 Do. 23rd ...... 1833–35 William S. Archer (1st sess.) James M. Wayne (2d sess.) 24th ...... 1835–37 John Y. Mason (1st sess.) 25th ...... 1837–39 Benjamin Howard 26th ...... 1839–41 Francis Pickens 27th ...... 1841–43 Cabel Cushing (1st sess.) John Quincy Adams (2d/3d) 28th ...... 1843–45 Charles J. Ingersoll 29th ...... 1845–47 Do. 30th ...... 1847–49 Truman Smith 31st ...... 1849–51 John Mclernand 32nd ...... 1851–53 Thomas H. Bayly 33rd ...... 1853–55 Do. 34th ...... 1855–57 Alex C.M. Pennington 35th ...... 1857–59 Thomas L. Clingman (1st sess.) George W. Hopkins (2d sess.) 36th ...... 1859–61 Thomas Corwin 37th ...... 1861–63 John J. Crittenden 38th ...... 1863–65 Henry Winter Davis 39th ...... 1865–67 Nathaniel Banks 40th ...... 1867–69 Do. 41st ...... 1869–71 Do. 42nd ...... 1871–73 Do. 43rd ...... 1873–75 Godlove S. Orth 44th ...... 1875–77 Thomas Swann 45th ...... 1877–79 Do. 46th ...... 1879–81 Samuel Cox 47th ...... 1881–83 C.G. Williams 48th ...... 1883–85 Andrew Curtin 49th ...... 1885–87 Perry Belmont 50th ...... 1887–89 Perry Belmont (1st sess.) James B. McCreary (2d sess.) 51st ...... 1889–91 Robert Hitt 52nd ...... 1891–93 James Blount 53rd ...... 1893–95 James B. McCreary 54th ...... 1895–97 Robert Hitt 55th ...... 1897–99 Do. 56th ...... 1899–1901 Do. 57th ...... 1901–03 Do. 58th ...... 1903–05 Do. 59th ...... 1905–07 Robert R. Hitt (1st sess.) Robert G. Cousins (2d sess.) 61st ...... 1909–11 James Breck Perkins (1⁄2 sess.) David J. Foster (3d sess.) 62nd ...... 1911–12 William Sulzer 63rd ...... 1913–15 Henry D. Flood (103) 104

CHAIRMEN OF THE HOUSE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE—Continued

Congress Dates Congressman

64th ...... 1915–17 Do. 65th ...... 1917–19 Do. 66th ...... 1919–21 Stephen G. Porter 67th ...... 1921–23 Do. 68th ...... 1923–25 Do. 69th ...... 1925–27 Do. 70th ...... 1927–29 Do. 71st ...... 1929–31 Stephen G. Porter (1⁄2 sess.) Henry W. Temple (3d sess.) 72nd ...... 1931–33 J. Charles Linthicum (1st sess.) Sam D. McReynolds (2d sess.) 73rd ...... 1933–34 Sam D. McReynolds 74th ...... 1935–36 Do. 75th ...... 1937–38 Do. 76th ...... 1939–41 Sam D. McReynolds (1⁄2 sess.) Sol Bloom (3d sess.) 77th ...... 1941–42 Sol Bloom 78th ...... 1943–44 Do. 79th ...... 1945–46 Do. 80th ...... 1947–48 Charles A. Eaton 81st ...... 1949–51 Sol Bloom (1⁄2 sess.) 81st ...... 1949–51 John Kee (2d sess.) 3 82rd ...... 1951–52 John Kee (1st sess.) 83rd ...... 1953–54 Robert B. Chiperfield 84st ...... 1955–56 James P. Richards 85th ...... 1957–58 Thomas S. Gordon 86th ...... 1959–60 Thomas E. Morgan 87th ...... 1961–62 Do. 88th ...... 1963–64 Do. 89th ...... 1965–66 Do. 90th ...... 1967–68 Do. 91st ...... 1969–70 Do. 92nd ...... 1971–72 Do. 93rd ...... 1973–74 Do. 94th ...... 1975–76 Do. 95th ...... 1977–78 Clement J. Zablocki 96th ...... 1979–80 Do. 97th ...... 1981–82 Do. 98th ...... 1983–84 Clement J. Zablocki (1st sess.) Dante B. Fascell (2d sess.) 99th ...... 1985–86 Dante B. Fascell 100th ...... 1987–88 Do. 101st ...... 1989–90 Do. 102nd ...... 1991–92 Do. 103rd ...... 1993–94 Lee H. Hamilton 104th ...... 1995–96 Benjamin A. Gilman 105th ...... 1997–98 Do. 3 Hon. John Kee died on May 8, 1951. Hon. James P. Richards became chairman for remainder of 82nd Congress. Note—The data is taken from collections of congressional directories in the Library of Congress, Department of State, Supreme Court and the National Archives. The following volumes are missing from all collections: 34th Congress 3d session, 37th Congress 1st and 3rd session, 40th Congress 1st session, 55th Congress 1st session, 58th Congress 1st session, 75th Congress 2nd session, and 76th Congress 2nd session. Party designations are taken from biographical dictionary of the American Congress, and are unavoidably subject to error in the early period, due to the vagueness of party lines and frequent shifting of men from one party to another on critical issues. In instances where the Biographical Directory incorrectly refers to Democratic Republicans as Democrats the designation have been changed. The above figures include the combined number of hearings, briefings, and include meetings with distinguished visitors and delegations. 105 and date Public Law No. VETO 10/21/98 11/13/98 4/30/97 4/24/98 51–49 4/28/98 Senate and date agreed, vote ) 1 ( Voice 3/26/98 vote and date House agreed, 3/10/98 105–432 and date Report, No...... 105–382 ...... 105–12 ...... 105–169 and date Passed, vote 10/20/98 ...... 4/16/97 ...... 4/1/98 ...... 90–5 ...... 6/17/97 ...... Senate action Conference date ...... U.C...... 99–0 ...... U.C...... Report, No. and 105–28 ...... 6/13/97 ...... House action, vote and date ...... 2/13/97 ...... 6/11/97 ...... Voice ...... 10/5/98 ...... 3/11/97 ...... 366–54 ...... 11/6/97 ...... 4/10/97 ...... 9/29/97 ...... 11/9/97 ...... 233–186 ...... 3/11/98 ...... 6/11/97 ...... date 1. 1. 1. Report, No. and 9/28/98 ...... 7/25/97 ...... 105–309, pt 10/6/97 ...... 3/2/98 ...... 105–94 ...... 5/9/97 ...... (5/1/97) (5/6/97) (9/29/97) (9/30/97) (Markup) Hearing and APPENDIX VII.—COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS CHART Subcommittee action Committee action Hearing Approved ...... 231–194 ...... 7/24/98 (8/6/98) 105–755, pt...... 6/24/97 (7/22/97) 3/5/97 105–108, II .. (3/6/97) * ...... 416–1 ...... (9/26/97) ...... ** ...... 398–16 ...... Voice ...... (10/9/97) * ...... 393–21 ...... 4/10/97 ...... 5/22/97 ...... (6/25/97) ...... 105–423, pt...... Voice ...... (4/30/97) No. of Legislation, Title tion and Abortion Funding Restric- tion. of 1980. Through Encryption (SAFE) Act. ernance of Hong Kong. hibit Use of U.S. Funds to Finance Visits of Certain Chinese Officials). Restriction. Districts. ance Act. portunity Act. ization FY 98. ization Act (Senate Bill S. 903). (see H.R. 1757). H.R. 581, Family Planning Facilita- H.R. 1758, European Security Act ...... Voice ...... H.R. 633, Amend Foreign Service Act H.R. 695, Security and Freedom H.R. 750, Support Autonomous Gov- H.R. 967, Free the Clergy Act (Pro- H.R. 1003, Assisted Suicide Funding H.R. 1116, Clint and Fabens School H.R. 1129, Microcredit for Self-Reli- H.R. 1432, African Growth and Op- H.R. 1253, Foreign Relations Author- H.R. 1757, State Department Author- H.R. 1486, Foreign Policy Reform Act 106 and date Public Law No. 10/27/98 6/23/98 11/19/97 7/29/98 Senate and date agreed, vote ...... 105–292 ...... veto ) 1 3( ) Voice 6–9–98 1 ( vote and date House agreed, ...... 105–214 ) 1 ( U.C. 7/15/98 and date Report, No...... 105–96 ...... 392–22– ...... 10/10/98 and date Passed, vote 11/8/97 ...... 5/22/98 ...... 7/14/98 ...... 10/9/98 ...... Senate action Conference date ...... Voice ...... 90–4 ...... U.C...... 98–0 ...... Report, No. and 97. House action, vote and date 8/3/98 ...... 10/21/97 ...... 11/7/97 ...... 3/30/98 ...... 7/15/97 ...... Voice 11/12/ 356–61 ...... 3/19/98 ...... 11/5/97 ...... 401–21 ...... 11/9/97 ...... 416–5 ...... 11/5/97 ...... 301–116 ...... 11/6/97 ...... 375–41–1 .... 5/14/98 ...... date 1. pt.1. Report, No. and 11/4/97 ...... 105–443 ...... 3/13/98 ...... 10/6/97 ...... 10/6/97 ...... 10/6/97 ...... 105–480, 4/1/98 ...... 9/10/97 (3/11/98) (3/25/97) (Markup) Hearing and Subcommittee action Committee action Hearing Approved ...... (7/22/98) ...... 405–13 ...... ** ...... 408–10 ...... (6/25/97) * ...... 426–1 ...... 2/12/98 ...... (10/24/97) 105–375 ...... 3/4/98 ...... 7/16/97 ...... ** ...... 419–2–1 ...... 9/25/97 (9/29/97) 105–303 ...... 9/25/97 (9/29/97) 105–305 ...... (9/30/97) 105–308, pt...... 9/18/97 9/9/97 APPENDIX VII.—COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS CHART—Continued No. of Legislation, Title Prevention Act. PLA of China. Certain Foreign Countries. Sanctions Act. Elimination Act. Act. ucts Act of 1997. Act of 1997. 1997. China Act of 1997. Missile Defense Coop. Act. Persecution Act. H.R. 3743, Iran Nuclear Proliferation H.R. 1787, Asian Elephants ...... Voice ...... H.R. 2647, Commerical Activities of H.R. 2786, Iran MIssile Protection Act ...... ** ...... Voice ...... H.R. 2035, Transfer Naval Vessels to H.R. 2709, Iran Missile Proliferation H.R. 2678, International Child Labor H.R. 2870, Tropical Forest Protection H.R. 2195, Laogai Slave Labor Prod- H.R. 2064, Jobs and Exports Renewal H.R. 2232, Radio Free Asia Act of H.R. 2358, Polticial Freedom in H.R. 2386, U.S.-Taiwan Anti-Ballistic H.R. 2341, Freedom From Religious 107 10/30/98 10/30/98 11/13/98 11/12/98 10/31/98 10/30/98 ...... 105–320 ...... 105–323 ...... 105–385 ) ) ) 1 1 1 ( ( Voice 10/20/98 10/15/98 ...... 105–373 ...... 105–338 ...... 105–319 ...... Voice ( ...... Voice ...... 10/10/98 10/21/98 ...... 10/7/98 ...... 10/8/98 ...... 10/20/98 ...... 10/14/98 ...... 10/8/98 ...... U.C...... U.C...... Voice ...... U.C...... Voice ...... U.C...... 9/14/98 ...... 10/5/98 ...... 10/12/98 ...... 10/7/98 ...... Voice ...... 9/28/98 ...... 10/8/98 ...... 10/13/98 ...... 9/16/98 ...... 10/20/98 ...... Voice ...... 9/14/98 ...... 2/13/97 ...... 3/11/97 ...... (4/17/97) ...... (5/21/97) ...... (7/31/97) ...... pt.1. part 1. 8/6/98 ...... 9/14/98 ...... 7/24/98 (8/6/98) ...... Voice ...... (10/2/98) ...... * ...... (10/2/98) Voice 10/8/98 * ...... 360–38 ...... Voice ...... Voice ...... 7/21/98 ...... (10/2/98) * ...... Voice ...... Voice ...... 384–39 ...... Voice ...... ** ...... Voice ...... 3/5/97 (3/6/97) * ...... 403–16 ...... (5/6/97) * ...... (4/16/97) ...... * ...... Voice ...... 4/23/97 (5/7/97) * ...... Voice ...... 7/24/97 ...... ** ...... Voice ...... dows of America’’. 1998. Labor Relief Act. Center. Program. duct with Wassenaar Countries. Sought for Violations of Inter- national Humanitarian Law. Reports. Elimination Act. Plant in Iran. riman. operation Between the U.S. and Japan. Zaire. sonnel in Asia Pacific Region. Grenade Attack in Cambodia. of India and Pakistan. H.R. 4083, USIA T.V. Program ‘‘Win- H.R. 4655, Iraq Liberation Act of H.R. 4506, The International Child H.R. 4757, Dante Fascell North/South H.R. 4293, Ireland Cultural Training H.R. 4283, Africa Seeds of Hope Act ...... (7/22/98) 105–681, H.R. 4095, Arms Sales Code of Con- H.R. 4660, Rewards for Individuals H.R. 4805, Executive Branch Travel H.R. 4300, Western Hemisphere Drug H.R. 4851, Bushehr Nuclear Power H.R. 4309, Torture Victims Relief Act ...... 7/24/98 (8/6/98) 105–709, H. Res. 49, Honoring Pamela Har- H. Res. 68, Treaty of Mutual Co- H. Res. 115, Promotion of Peace in H. Res. 103, Maintain Military Per- H. Res. 121, Regarding the Terrorist H. Res. 157, Congratulating People 108 and date Public Law No. Senate and date agreed, vote vote and date House agreed, and date Report, No. and date Passed, vote Senate action Conference date ...... Report, No. and House action, vote and date 7/28/97 ...... 414–8 ...... 11/6/97 ...... 7/22/97 ...... 7/28/97 ...... 9/24/97 ...... 9/4/97 ...... 9/11/97 ...... 11/13/97 ...... 11/9/97 ...... 11/13/97 ...... 11/13/97 ...... 11/13/97 ...... 4/28/98 ...... 3/17/98 ...... 9/15/98 ...... 3/17/98 ...... date Report, No. and 10/6/97 ...... (6/25/97) * ...... Voice ...... (3/11/98) * ...... 397–0 ...... (Markup) Hearing and 2 3/5/98 Subcommittee action Committee action Hearing Approved ...... (9/26/97) 105–304 ...... 416–3 ...... (9/11/97) * ...... Voice ...... ** ...... Voice ...... ** ...... U.C...... 10/29/97 (10/31/97) * ...... Voice ...... 10/8/97 (10/9/97) * ...... Voice ...... 10/23/97 (10/31/97) * ...... Voice ...... 10/29/97 (10/31/97) * ...... Voice ...... (11/13/97) * ...... U.C...... 2/12/98 (4/1/98) * ...... Voice ...... APPENDIX VII.—COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS CHART—Continued No. of Legislation, Title Missiles. of Boeing and McDonnell Douglas. tions Made by Austrian-Americans. on the Death of Princess Diana. Death of Mother Teresa. and Religious Freedom in Vietnam. People of Western Sahara. vention into Congo. on its 30th Anniversary. Weapons of Mass Destruction. versary. H. Res. 175, Urging Peace in Congo ...... H. Res. 188, Iran and C–802 Cruise H. Res. 191, E.C. Regarding Merger H. Res. 195, Crisis in Cambodia ...... 7/24/97 ...... ** ...... Voice ...... H. Res. 217, Recognizing Contribu- H. Res. 219, Expressing Condolences H. Res. 227, Condolences on the H. Res. 231, Support of Democracy H. Res. 245, Self-Determination for H. Res. 273, Angola’s Military Inter- H. Res. 282, Congratulating ASEAN H. Res. 322, Destruction of Iraqi H. Res. 350, Sri Lanka’s 50th Anni- H. Res. 361, Elections in Cambodia ...... 3/5/98 (3/11/98) * ...... 393–1 ...... H. Res. 362, Pope’s Visit to Cuba ..... 3/4/98 3/4/98 (7/22/98) * ...... Voice ...... H. Res. 364, Human Rights in PRC ...... 2/25/98 109 ...... 3/17/98 ...... 4/28/98 ...... 9/15/98 ...... 391–2 ...... 7/20/98 ...... 3/30/98 ...... 6/9/98 ...... 9/14/98 ...... 9/9/98 ...... 9/9/98 ...... 8/3/98 ...... 9/23/98 ...... 10/13/98 ...... 10/10/98 ...... 10/10/98 ...... 10/9/98 ...... 10/10/98 ...... 10/13/98 ...... 10/20/98 ...... 6/25/98 ...... 3/4/98 (3/12/98) * ...... Voice ...... (9/10/98) * ...... Voice ...... 5/14/98 (6/5/98) 105–607, pt1 ...... 5/14/98 (6/5/98) * ...... Voice ...... 6/24/98 (7/22/98) * ...... Voice ...... 5/13/98 (7/21/98) * ...... Voice ...... 7/16/98 (7/21/98) * ...... 400–0 ...... (7/21/98) * ...... Voice ...... (7/22/98) * ...... 9/9/98 (9/10/98) * ...... 414–1 ...... (10/2/98) * ...... Voice ...... (10/2/98) * ...... Voice ...... Voice ...... (10/2/98) * ...... Voice ...... Voice ...... in Botswana. Mexico. tions, Eliminate Trade Barriers. with the Philippines. Radio Broadcasting in Africa. Bishop. tween U.S. and Korea. Wildfires. Microcredit Summit. Island Nations. East Africa. for War Crimes in Cambodia. Sierra Leone. confiscated properties in formerly totalitarian countries. Great Lakes Water. H. Res. 373, Commending Democracy H. Res. 374, Violence in Algeria ...... 3/4/98 (4/1/98) * ...... Voice ...... H. Res. 381, Extradition Treaty With H. Res. 392, Japan-American Rela- H. Res. 398, Blackhawks to Colombia ...... (3/26/98) * ...... Voice ...... H. Res. 404, 100 Years of Relations H. Res. 415, Promote Independent H. Res. 421, Murder of Guatemalan H. Res.. 459, 50 years Relations Be- H. Res. 469, Assistance to Mexico for H. Res. 475, Achieve Goal of 1997 H. Res. 505, Relations with Pacific H. Res. 518, Free Electiosn in Gabon ...... (10/2/98) * ...... Voice ...... H. Res. 523, Terrorist Bombings in H. Res. 533, Culpability for Hun Sen H. Res. 557, Holocaust Assets ...... (10/2/98) * ...... 427–0 ...... H. Res. 559, Condemning Violence in H. Res. 562, Return of wrongfully H. Res. 566, Sale of Diversion 110 and date Public Law No. Senate and date agreed, vote vote and date House agreed, and date Report, No. and date Passed, vote Senate action Conference date ...... Report, No. and ) ...... House action, vote and date 3 10/20/98 ...... 6/10/97 ...... 3/11/97 ...... 5/21/97 ...... 3/5/97 ...... 5/13/97 ...... 3/5/97 ...... 7/28/97 ...... 7/22/97 ...... 7/22/97 ...... 7/22/97 ...... 6/26/97 ...... date Report, No. and (Markup) Hearing and Subcommittee action Committee action Hearing Approved ...... Voice ...... (5/7/97) ...... * ...... 406–17–1 ...... 3/5/97 (3/6/97) * ...... 415–1 ...... (5/7/97) * ...... Voice ...... (3/4/97) * ...... 416–0–2 ...... (5/6/97) * ...... Voice ...... (3/4/97) * ...... 417–0–3 ...... 7/24/97 ...... Voice ...... (10/31/97) * ...... ( ...... (6/25/97) * ...... 417–4 ...... 6/25/97 (6/25/97) * ...... 419–3 ...... 6/24/97 (6/25/97) * ...... 418–1–1 ...... (6/25/97) * ...... Voice ...... (10/9/97) * ...... APPENDIX VII.—COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS CHART—Continued No. of Legislation, Title Mozambique. City of Jerusalem. Embassy in Buenos Aires. Standards of South Asians. the Marshall Plan. People of Guatemala. Herzog. People of Nicaragua. Dem. People’s Republic of Korea and Republic of Korea. German Government Against Reli- gious Groups. to Situation in Cyprus. Salvador on Elections. in Sierra Leone. nia. Missile Technology from Russia to Iran. H. Res. 610, Regarding People of H. Con. Res. 60, 30th Anniversary of H. Con. Res. 50, Bombing of Israeli H. Con. Res. 16, Improve Living H. Con. Res. 63, 50th Anniversary of H. Con. Res. 17, Congratulating the H. Con. Res. 73, Death of Chaim H. Con. Res. 18, Congratulating the H. Con. Res. 74, Situation Between H. Con. Res. 22, Discrimination by H. Con. Res. 81, Peaceful Resolution H. Con. Res. 88, Congratulating El H. Con. Res. 99, Condemning Coup H. Con. Res. 105, Elections in Alba- H. Con. Res. 121, Proliferation of 111 ...... 10/21/98 ...... 10/21/98 ...... U.C...... U.C...... 222,. ) 4 ( 6/25/98 ...... 7/28/97 ...... 11/13/97 ...... 7/30/97 ...... 11/13/97 ...... 11/9/97 ...... 9/5/97 ...... 3/18/98se 11/9/97 ...... 11/13/97 ...... 9/14/98 ...... 4/28/98 ...... 4/28/98 ...... 5/5/98 ...... 4/28/98 ...... 9/14/98 ...... 105–442 ...... 3/13/98 ...... (3/11/98) ...... Voice ...... 427–1 ...... (9/11/97) * ...... 396–2 ...... (9/11/97) * ...... 415–2 ...... ** ...... Voice ...... (10/31/97) * ...... 407–2–1 ...... 10/29/97 (10/31/97) * ...... Voice ...... 10/29/97 (10/31/97) * ...... Voice ...... 7/24/98 (8/6/98) * ...... 370–2 ...... 3/5/98 (4/1/98) * ...... 391–1 ...... (4/23/98) * ...... 406–0 ...... 3/4/98 (4/1/98) * ...... Voice ...... (7/21/98) * ...... Voice ...... (3/10/98) nadian Fishermen. in Jerusalem. Criminal Tribunal Regarding Iraq. in EXPO 2000 Hannover, Ger- many. in Jerusalem. Ireland Peace Talks Condemn Vio- lence. ration of Human Rights in Af- ghanistan. operation between U.S. and Mon- golia. of the Universal Declaration Human Rights. ghanistan. of Terrorism. OAS–CIAV for Nicaragua Transition. operation in Recovering Abducted Children. Bosnia. H. Con. Res. 230, Berlin Airlift ...... ** ...... Voice ...... H. Con. Res. 124, Aggression by Ca- H. Con. Res. 130, Situation in Kenya ...... 10/1/97 (10/9/97) * ...... Voice ...... H. Con. Res. 133, Terrorist Bombing H. Con. Res. 137, International H. Con. Res. 139, U.S. Participation H. Con. Res. 146, Terrorist Bombing H. Con. Res. 152, All Parties of N. H. Con. Res. 156, Continued Deterio- H. Con. Res. 172, Friendship and Co- H. Con. Res. 185, 50th Anniversary H. Con. Res. 215, Guyana’s Elections ...... 3/4/98 (4/1/98) * ...... Voice ...... H. Con. Res. 218, Cease-Fire in Af- H. Con. Res. 220, American Victims H. Con. Res. 222, Congratulating H. Con. Res. 224, International Co- H. Con. Res. 227, Armed Forces in 112 and date Public Law No. 5/11/98 Senate and date agreed, vote vote and date House agreed, and date Report, No...... 105–175 ...... and date Passed, vote 10/21/98 ...... 3/20/97 ...... 1/29/98 ...... 10/21/98 ...... Senate action Conference date ...... U.C...... Voice ...... U.C...... U.C...... Report, No. and ) ...... ) ...... House action, vote and date 5 6 3/18/98 ...... 10/8/98 ...... 10/10/98 ...... 9/14/98 ...... 9/23/98 ...... 251–175 ...... 3/13/97 ...... 6/9/98 ...... 10/10/98 ...... 4/28/98 ...... 9/9/98 ...... 6/4/98 ...... 9/9/98 ...... 10/10/98 ...... 7/20/98 ...... 9/14/98 ...... ( date Report, No. and 3/10/97 ...... (Markup) Hearing and Subcommittee action Committee action Hearing Approved ...... (3/12/98) ...... 406–1–1 ...... (10/2/98) * ...... Voice ...... 418–0 ...... 5/13/98 (7/21/98) ...... 371–0 ...... (9/10/98) ...... 410–0–1 ...... (3/6/97) 105–10 ...... 5/21/98 (6/5/98) ...... 411–0 ...... (10/2/98) * ...... 417–0 ...... (4/1/98) ...... 402–0 ...... (7/21/98) * ...... Voice ...... (10/2/98) * ...... ( ...... ** ...... 305–116 ...... 6/24/98 (7/22/98) * ...... Voice ...... (10/2/98) * ...... Voice ...... 390–1 ...... (9/10/98) ...... 369–1–1 ...... APPENDIX VII.—COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LEGISLATIVE PROGRESS CHART—Continued No. of Legislation, Title ple of Kosova. of Ugandan children. tion in World Health Operation. anne Chesimard from Cuba. Albanians in Kosovo. cation for Mexico. for Taiwan. People. Israel. Hostage Crisis. age Structures in Tijuana, Mexico. Ceremony. tween Eritries and Ethiopia. of Ukrain Famine. to Taiwan. War Crimes. H. Con. Res. 235, Repression of Peo- H. Con. Res. 309, Forced Abduction H. Con. Res. 334, Taiwan Participa- H. Con. Res. 254, Extradition of Jo- H. Con. Res. 315, Atrocities Against H.J. Res. 58, Disapproving Certifi- H. Con. Res. 270, Peace and Security H. Con. Res. 320, Support for Baltic H.J. Res. 102, 50th Anniversary of H. Con. Res. 277, New Tribes Mission H. Con. Res. 331, Inadequate Sew- H. Con. Res. 284, Tiananmen Square H. Con. Res. 292, End Conflict Be- H. Con. Res. 295, 65th Anniversary H. Con. Res. 301, U.S. Commitment H. Con. Res. 304, Slobodan Milosevic 113 6/27/97 11/12/98 10/1/97 2/13/98 ...... 105–22 ...... 105–375 ...... 105–48 ...... 105–158 1/22/97 ...... 10/29/97 ...... 7/17/98 ...... 5/20/97 ...... 11/8/97 ...... 9/25/97 ...... 11/13/97 ...... U.C...... U.C...... U.C...... U.C...... U.C...... U.C...... U.C...... ) ...... 7 3/5/97 ...... 4/28/98 ...... 9/14/98 ...... 6/17/97 ...... 10/14/98 ...... 9/29/97 ...... 1/27/98 ...... (7/21/98) ...... ( ...... (2/5/97) * ...... Voice ...... 2/12/98 (4/1/98) * ...... 398–0 ...... Voice ...... Voice ...... Voice ...... 377–33 ...... ** ...... Voice ...... or Int’l Obligations. retary of State Warren Christopher. ball. War Crimes. Kong Economic and Trade Offices. nity. grams. Act. *Motion passed to seek consideration on House Suspension Calendar. **Called up under Unanimous Consent; Committee discharged. (1) House agreed to Senate amendment. (2) 6/24/97, Subcommittee on Africa marked up draft of H. Res. 175. (3) 11/9/97, House failed to suspend the rules and agree H. Con. Res. 22 by a vote of 101–318. (4) 3/18/98, Failed passage in House by vote of 193–225. (5) See S. Con. Res. 105, a similar measure. (6) 10/9/98, House failed to suspend the rules and agree H. Con. Res. 331 by a vote of 250–174. (7) House passes a similar measure, S.J. Res. 54 8/3/98—later became Public Law 105–235 on 8/14/98. H.J. Res. 125, Finding Iraq in Breach S. Con. Res. 4, Commending Sec- S. Con. Res. 37, Little League Base- S. Con. Res. 105, Slobodan Milosevic S. 342, Extend Priveleges to Hong S. 759, Report on Diplomatic Immu- S. 1211, Extension of Au Pair Pro- S. 1564, Holocaust Victims Redress