Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents

Monday, September 29, 1997 Volume 33—Number 39 Pages 1371–1429

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Addresses and Remarks Communications to Congress—Continued See also Meetings With Foreign Leaders Future free trade area negotiations, letter Arkansas, Little Rock transmitting report—1423 Congressional Medal of Honor Society India-U.S. extradition treaty and reception—1419 documentation, message transmitting—1401 40th anniversary of the desegregation of Iraq, letter reporting—1397 Central High School—1416 Ireland-U.S. taxation convention and protocol, California message transmitting—1414 San Carlos, roundtable discussion at the UNITA, message transmitting notice—1414 San Carlos Charter Learning Center— 1372 Communications to Federal Agencies San Francisco Contributions to the International Fund for Democratic National Committee Ireland, memorandum—1396 dinner—1382 Funding for the African Crisis Response Democratic National Committee luncheon—1376 Initiative, memorandum—1397 Saxophone Club reception—1378 Interviews With the News Media New York City, United Nations Exchange with reporters at the United Luncheon—1395 Nations in New York City—1395 52d Session of the General Assembly—1386 Interview on the Tom Joyner Morning Show Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh in Little Rock—1423 AFL–CIO convention—1401 Democratic National Committee luncheon—1408 Letters and Messages Radio address—1371 50th anniversary of the National Security Council, message—1396 Communications to Congress Meetings With Foreign Leaders Angola, message reporting—1414 Russia, Foreign Minister Primakov—1395 Canada-U.S. taxation convention protocol, message transmitting—1400 Notices Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty and Continuation of Emergency With Respect to documentation, message transmitting—1390 UNITA—1413

(Continued on the inside of the back cover.)

Editor’s Note: The President was in Little Rock, AR, on September 26, the closing date of this issue. Releases and announcements issued by the Office of the Press Secretary but not received in time for inclusion in this issue will be printed next week.

WEEKLY COMPILATION OF regulations prescribed by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, approved by the President (37 FR 23607; 1 CFR Part 10). PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS Distribution is made only by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Published every Monday by the Office of the Federal Reg- The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents will be ister, National Archives and Records Administration, Washing- furnished by mail to domestic subscribers for $80.00 per year ton, DC 20408, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ($137.00 for mailing first class) and to foreign subscribers for ments contains statements, messages, and other Presidential $93.75 per year, payable to the Superintendent of Documents, materials released by the White House during the preceding Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The week. charge for a single copy is $3.00 ($3.75 for foreign mailing). The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents is pub- There are no restrictions on the republication of material lished pursuant to the authority contained in the Federal Reg- appearing in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ister Act (49 Stat. 500, as amended; 44 U.S.C. Ch. 15), under ments.

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Proclamations Statements by the President Austrian-American Day—1422 Campaign finance reform—1421 Gold Star Mother’s Day—1422 Supplementary Materials Minority Enterprise Development Week— 1383 Acts approved by the President—1429 National Farm Safety and Health Week— Checklist of White House press releases— 1428 1385 Digest of other White House National Historically Black Colleges and announcements—1426 Universities Week—1384 Nominations submitted to the Senate—1427

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The President’s Radio Address no child leaves our schools without mastering September 20, 1997 the basics. Unfortunately, two events in recent days Good morning. We’re living in a time of have jeopardized this essential progress in great hope and optimism and prosperity in education. First, the same forces that have our Nation. Our economy is booming. We’ve resisted education reform and high standards cut the deficit 80 percent and passed a plan and accountability for years in the House of to balance the budget. Crime and welfare Representatives have voted against develop- rolls are dropping. But perhaps most impor- ing the national standards we need to chal- tant for the long-term future of America, this lenge students, improve teaching, empower has been a banner year for education, too. parents, and increase accountability in our Our historic balanced budget is truly an schools. In effect, they’ve cast their votes education budget, with the largest new in- against better schools and for a status quo vestment in education since 1965; from more that is failing too many of our children. children in Head Start to our America Reads Second, the Senate narrowly passed an program that will mobilize a million volun- amendment that would undermine some of teers to make sure all our children can read our most successful efforts in the last 5 years when they leave the third grade, to putting to strengthen our schools. National efforts to computers in all our classrooms and libraries bring more charter schools to more commu- by the year 2000. nities, to bring computers to every classroom, We’ve also had the largest increased in- to create safe and drug-free schools across vestment in helping people to go on to col- our country, all these would virtually be abol- lege since the passage of the GI bill 50 years ished by an amendment which would throw ago, the increased Pell grant scholarships and all our education funds into a pot and distrib- work study positions, the HOPE scholarship ute it in an arbitrary way to the States. to help pay for the first 2 years of college and other tax credits and IRA’s, all these Today, I’m going to see firsthand just how things will truly open the doors of college high these stakes are. I’m visiting the San to all who are willing to work for it for the Carlos Charter Learning Center in Califor- first time in American history. nia, one of many charter schools across our But we can’t rest. We have more to do country and in the State of California that in education to fully prepare our children to are bringing new life, new energy, and new seize the opportunities of the new century. creativity into public education. Charter And especially, we all know we have to do schools are established by educators with less more to improve the quality of public edu- redtape, but higher expectations. Students cation. must choose to attend them, and they exist I have called upon all Americans to leave only as long as they’re doing a good job. politics at the schoolhouse door and to work Our administration has been helping char- together to provide our children with the ter schools to get started all across our coun- best education in the world. And many have try, and our balanced budget contains funds answered that call. Just last week, the Senate to establish hundreds more of them all voted overwhelmingly, 87–12, for voluntary around America. This is an innovation we national tests in fourth-grade reading and cannot afford to lose. Making sure every 8- eighth-grade math, bringing us an important year-old can read, every 12-year-old can log step closer to setting high national standards onto the Internet, every 18-year-old can go of academic excellence that will ensure that on to college, these are national goals, and

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we must support national efforts to meet panel today. But I thank all of you for coming them. because I believe in charter schools, and I In the 21st century, our children must believe they are an important part of helping have a world-class education. We must us to lift our standards and renew our schools strengthen our schools, raise our standards, and achieve the kind of educational excel- insist that our students master the basics, and lence that all of our children need as we demand excellence at every level. So if Con- move into the 21st century. gress sends me partisan legislation that de- I congratulate the San Carlos Learning nies our children high national standards or Center for being the first of its kind in Cali- weakens our national commitment to strong- fornia, which obviously makes it among the er schools, I’ll have to give it the failing grade very first in the United States. it deserves, and I’ll veto it. Let me just give you a little, brief personal Bringing vital change and progress to our history here. When I was Governor of my schools will take courage and the steadfast State for 12 years, I spent a great deal of commitment of all. But throughout our his- time working on school reform—and so did tory, we have always risen to the challenge Hillary—spent lots of time in the schools, of building better futures for our children. talking to teachers, talking to parents, talking If we all work together, we are up to the to students, dealing with issues of curriculum task today as well. development and teacher training and all Thank you. those things. And when we were active in the 1980’s, the State of Minnesota became NOTE: The address was recorded at 3:16 p.m. on the first State in the country to pass a public September 18 in the Oval Office at the White House for broadcast at 10:06 a.m. on September school choice law, to give parents and their 20. children more choice among the public schools their children attended. I think we were the second State to pass that law. And Remarks in a Roundtable Discussion we used it quite a lot. on Charter Schools at the San Carlos Then, when I began to run for President Charter Learning Center in San in 1991, Minnesota became the first State Carlos, California in the country again to pass a charter school September 20, 1997 law, recognizing that sometimes it wasn’t enough just to give the parents and the stu- The President. Thank you very much. dents choices but that we needed to give the First, thank all of you for coming here today educators and the parents and the students and sharing your Saturday morning. I thank with whom they worked options to create the superintendent for his really marvelous schools that fit the mission needed by the remarks. He talked about all the things that children in the area, and that if you gave we have in common. I saw a living symbol them options and held them accountable, we of his dedication to education above all else might be able to do something really spec- and one thing that we have in common that tacular. Then, 5 years ago today, I think, Cali- he didn’t mention. If you look closely at his fornia became the second State in the coun- tie, you will see it is a pattern of golf balls try to adopt a charter school law, and then and tees. [Laughter] And on this beautiful you became the first of those schools. Saturday morning he’s here with us. [Laugh- In 1994, I passed legislation in Congress ter] to help us support more charter schools. By Let me thank your instructional coordina- the end of 1995, there were about 300 char- tor, too, for being here, leaving her 11-day- ter schools in the country. Today there are old baby. I would like to see the 11-day-old 700 charter schools in the country. Many of baby, but I think it’s—where’s the baby? A them have been helped by the program we wise mother leaves the baby outside. [Laugh- passed in Washington in 1994. ter] The historic balanced budget agreement Hillary and I are delighted to be here. And that we just passed into law includes the larg- I want to spend most of my time just at this est commitment to new investment in edu-

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cation since 1965, among other things, ex- in Minnesota and California now encom- pansion of Head Start programs, more funds passes 29 States; 27 more States have passed to support computers in the schools—I’ll say charter school laws. more about that in a moment—our America These funds in our budget, as I said, Reads initiative to help make sure every 8- should allow us to set up several thousand year-old can read independently, and the big- more over the next 4 years. Today I am gest increased investment in helping people pleased to announce that we’re going to re- go to college since the GI bill passed 50 years lease $40 million in grants to help charter ago: tax credits for the first 2 years of college, schools open. Start-up costs are often the big- credits for the remainder of college, IRA’s, gest obstacle. And in States that can’t afford Pell grants, work-study positions. All these to help, it’s a terrible problem. I see a lot together mean that for the first time ever of people nodding their heads out there who we can really say, ‘‘If you’re responsible have had experience with this. enough to work for it, no matter what your So we have curriculum development costs, income or your difficulties, college is now a teacher training costs, new technology real option for you in America, for every sin- costs—all these things can help. The $40 mil- gle American.’’ And I’m very proud of all of lion we’re releasing today, of which about that. $3.4 million will come to California, will help But one of the things that was in this bal- us to establish another 500 charter schools anced budget that didn’t get a lot of notice in 21 States. So we’ll go from 700 to 500 is enough money for us to help to set up in one pop here. literally thousands more charter schools in And as I said, pretty soon—and if all the America—because excellence in education is States will join in, we obviously can help all more than money. And from my point of of them—we’ll have well over 3,000, perhaps view, having spent years and years and years even over 4,000 by the year 2000, which is working on this, we need two things. We enough to have a seismic echo effect in all need a set of national standards of academic the public school systems of America. So excellence that will be internationally com- that’s what we’re trying to do. petitive in basic subjects, and then we need Let me say that there are a couple of prob- grassroots, school-based reform, because lems that we’re going to face. Last week, the education is the magic that takes place in U.S. Senate, by a very narrow margin, sup- every classroom, and indeed in every stu- ported an amendment that would make these dent’s mind, involving every teacher, every charter schools’ funding that I just an- student, and also, hopefully, support from nounced the last such announcement that home. would ever be made, because it would lump So that’s why these charter schools are so all the education funds together and arbitrar- important to me. And that’s why we’ve tried ily distribute them to the State without re- to help a lot more schools like San Carlos gard to whether these programs were contin- get started on the path that you’ve been on ued or not. And in the process, it would abol- now for some years. ish very specific and highly successful edu- For people who don’t know exactly what cation reform programs like the charter they are, let me say that charter schools are schools, where we work with local commu- public schools that make a simple agreement. nities and school districts. It would abolish In exchange for public funding, they get our highly successful effort to put computers fewer regulations and less redtape, but they in the classrooms—I’ll tell you how much have to meet high expectations, and they movement has happened on there in just 2 keep their charter only so long as their cus- years—and to create safe and drug-free tomers are satisfied they’re doing a good job. schools. I think that would be a mistake. As I said, we’ve gone from—the day I took The House of Representatives recently office, there was only one charter school in passed, although the Senate opposed them, America—January of ’93. Then, a couple an amendment that would prohibit us to pay years ago, we were up to 300. Now there for—not to develop but to pay for—a non- are 700. And what started as a movement political, private organization to develop vol-

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untary national tests of excellence in mathe- excellence: Regis McKenna, David Ellington, matics and reading. I think that would be Brook Byers, Terry Yang, Paul Lippe. And a mistake. This is the first time, last year, I’d like to say a special word of thanks to in history that our students in elementary Larry Ellison who is up here on the platform. schools scored above the international aver- He’s the chairman and CEO of Oracle Cor- age in math and science. We’re doing much poration. better in America, but we don’t test all of Two years ago this week, I met with Larry our kids. We just test a representative sam- and a number of other high-tech executives ple. I think we need to know how we’re doing to talk about another one of my passions, based on a common standard. which is to connect every classroom and li- So we have these problems in the Con- brary in every school in America to the gress, and if either one of these provisions Internet by the year 2000. And that, like ev- makes it into the final bill, I will have to veto erything else, it turned out to be more com- it. So I hope that we can continue to work plicated. It sounded great, but we not only on moving forward in the right direction. And had to connect them, we had to make sure in that connection, I’d like to say a special we had the hardware, the software, and the word of appreciation to Congresswoman trained teachers to do the job. Anna Eshoo, who I think is one of the—abso- So we got this group of business people lutely—even I would say this if I were in who knew about all this, who are working Washington—she really is one of the finest, very hard to try to make sure that we can most forward-looking Members of the Unit- do that, give all the support services to every ed States Congress, and she’s made a big dif- school. We got the Federal Communications ference in our country today. Commission to give what amounts to a $21⁄4 Now, running these charter schools, as we billion a year subsidy to schools, to lower the are about to hear, is not easy. It’s not self- rates they have to pay to hook onto the evident how to do all this. It sounds great Internet. But to give you an example of what to say, ‘‘We’ll cut you free of redtape and we can do when we work together, since we bureaucracy. You have to perform at a higher made that announcement 2 years ago, Cali- level. You’ve got to get the parents involved.’’ fornia has 65 percent of the schools con- There are all kinds of practical problems, and nected, which is twice the percentage you we’ll hear about some of them. had 2 years go, and 4 times as many class- The Secretary of Education, Dick Riley, rooms connected as just 2 years ago. That is going to convene a national conference on shows you how quickly we can move. charter schools in Washington this Novem- And Larry has not only sponsored the San ber to bring together teachers, administra- Carlos Learning Center but yesterday he an- tors, parents, others who are interested in nounced Oracle’s promise to spend $100 mil- this to share best practices and look to the lion in a foundation to help schools across road ahead. But just think about where we America who need support to get the kind can go with this. If we go—we’ve gone from of connection to the future through tele- one to 700, to 500 more, with a budget that communications technology that we all want. calls for funds for 3,000 more—just this So thank you, Larry, for doing that. year’s budget alone that will be funded start- So this is a good news day, but what I want ing October 1st, if we get the funds for it, to do now is to turn it over to the panel, will give us enough funds for another 700— and let’s get into the facts of the charter or 900 to 1,000 schools. school movement and see. Hopefully, by So this movement can sweep the country being here today, this will encourage the 21 and can literally revolutionize both commu- States who do not have charter school legisla- nity control and standards of excellence in tion to adopt it, it will encourage the Con- education if we do it right. That’s what the gress to fully fund the charter schools pro- panel is about. gram for the next 4 years, and it will help And before we start, let me just thank us to take what you have done here and some of the business leaders who are here spread it all across America in a way that today for their commitment to educational will guarantee international standards of ex-

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cellence in the education of all of our chil- they are and with standards needing to be dren. as high as they are, that we ought to just Thank you very much. basically send everybody money and let them [At this point, the roundtable discussion do whatever they want to about education began. At its conclusion, the First Lady and forget about the public education net- spoke, and the President made the following work—let it sink or swim. The problem with remarks.] that theory is that the short-term costs to people who got left behind would be stagger- The President. First of all, let me say I ing. agree with everything she said. [Laughter] I’d just like to make a couple of brief points to But if we want to preserve excellence and build on what Hillary said. I want to say, first the socially unifying impact of public schools of all, I have no hidden agenda here. I believe over the next generation, I am telling you, the only way public schools can survive as every school in the country has got to become the instrument by which we educate our chil- like this one. The power needs to be with dren and socialize them and bring them to- the parents, with the children, with the gether across all the lines that divide us is teachers, with the principals. And those of if all of our schools eventually—and hope- us who are up the lines somewhere, up the fully, sooner rather than later—are run like food chain, what are we interested in? We’re these charter schools. That’s what I believe. interested in what Kim said. We’re interested I am not running for office anymore. I have in results. We don’t need to make rules. no political interest in this. I am thinking We’re interested in results, and we want to about what our country is going to be like be able to measure them. We want to know 20, 30, 40, 50 years from now. our kids are going to be all right and our And you know what Tom said about the country is going to be all right. industrial model: That’s part of the problem. Let them make the rules in the schools. A lot of our schools are organized on an in- Let them figure it out. And then education dustrial model—a lot of our middle schools will be something that will get bright young are almost—are organized for when families lawyers to leave their more lucrative law were like Ozzie and Harriet, instead of like practices to do something that doesn’t pay they are today. There are a lot of organiza- as much but makes them feel good when tional problems. It’s also true that our schools they go to bed every night and get up in the get money from a lot of different places and morning. That’s what we want. And until have to suffer rules from a lot of different every school is run like that, you and I should places, and a lot of people think if they give not rest. up their rulemaking, they won’t matter any- more. And in some way, the most important Thank you. God bless you. person here is the superintendent because he’s here supporting this instead of figuring NOTE: The President spoke at 11:19 a.m. in the out how he can control it. And I think that’s gymnasium. In his remarks, he referred to Don important. Shalvey, superintendent, San Carlos School Dis- And so Hillary and I have been working trict; Elise Darwish, instructional coordinator, San at this business for a long time now, seriously Carlos Charter Learning Center; Regis McKenna, since 1983—really seriously. There has been president, Regis McKenna, Inc.; David Ellington, a dramatic change in the attitudes of the chief executive officer, Net Noir; Brooks Byers, teacher unions, which is positive. There have partner, Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers; Terry been dramatic advances in the attitude of ad- Yang, cofounder, Yahoo!; Paul Lippe, vice presi- dent, Synopsis; Tom Ruiz, teacher, International ministrators, which is positive. Studies Academy Charter School; and Kimberly But I just want to say, we cannot—there Polese, president and chief executive officer, Ma- are a lot of people who believe in the infor- rimba Inc. mation age, with things changing as fast as

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Remarks at a Democratic National quite passionately about. But it was ironic Committee Luncheon in San that Strobe Talbott was there giving the Francisco, California speech, our Deputy Secretary of State, be- September 20, 1997 cause the very first time I ever saw Stanford was in February of 1971 when he took me Thank you very much. First let me thank there to see the woman who is now his wife. all of you for coming. I’m sorry we were a I still remember everything we did. I remem- little late getting here. Maybe we were just ber the movie we saw. It made a very pro- a little slow on the uptake after yesterday. found impression on me. I think you know we had another stop to But we were talking last night about the make before we could come up. But I’m very world we’re trying to build and leave our chil- grateful to you for being here. dren, and that’s what I’d like to ask you to I thank Alan Solomont and Dan Dutko for think about. You know, the Scripture says, being here and for their work for our Demo- ‘‘Where there is no vision the people perish.’’ cratic Party. Thank you, John Goldman, and Whether you believe that or not, it is per- all the other cochairs of this event. fectly clear that no change occurs that is posi- This has been an interesting weekend for tive unless someone has imagined it. And at Hillary and for me, and I’m actually glad to a time when things are changing anyway, be here. And when Mayor Brown said what when the way we work and live and relate he did—I think I came to California in my to each other and the rest of the world is first term more than 30 times. I don’t know very much in flux, it is absolutely imperative if I can come out here anymore. [Laughter] that we have citizens and leaders who can If I come out here anymore, Willie will have imagine the future in a different way, so that me paying taxes in San Francisco. [Laughter] we can shape it in the way that we want our But I do want to say that I’m very grateful children to find it. to the people of this State not only for the The reason I’m thinking about it is, we support that I have received—Al Gore and were talking about that last night in terms I were fortunate enough to carry California of the world. I said, one of the things I ad- both in 1992 and by an even bigger margin mired about President Yeltsin is he has a in 1996—but also for the work that was done great imagination. He can imagine a future by Californians with our administration for his people very different from the one which made it possible for us to help Califor- they have endured. In 27 years in prison, nia to make the comeback that is now evident Nelson Mandela could have just shriveled up to everyone. inside, but instead he bloomed like a flower It was always clear to me that this State, in the desert and he came out full of imagina- which was effectively the sixth biggest econ- tion about new and different ways to bring omy in the world and had 13 percent of the people together who had literally been population of America, had to make a big butchering each other for a long time. The economic comeback in order for America to great thing about the former Israeli Prime come back. This State which has so much Minister, the late Yitzhak Rabin, is that he racial and ethnic and religious and other could imagine a future in the Middle East kinds of diversity has to be able to prove we where he made peace with people he had can live and work together in order for Amer- spent his whole life fighting. ica to be able to live and work together. So So if you think about where we are here I feel very much rewarded by the experience as a country, I am profoundly grateful for that Hillary and I and the Vice President and the results which have been achieved. I am others have had not only personally but by glad we’ve got the lowest unemployment rate what we have been able to achieve together. in 24 years. I’m glad we’ve got the lowest And I thank you for that. poverty rate ever recorded among African- You know, Hillary told you we went to this Americans. I’m glad we’ve got the biggest seminar last night that was chaired by Bill drop in inequality among working people, in Perry and Warren Christopher about the ex- the last 2 years, we’ve seen in decades. I’m pansion of NATO, something that I do feel glad that the crime rate has gone down every

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year I’ve been President, and we’ve had change today is so breathtaking—yes, so we record numbers of reductions in people on balance the budget, and we have invested in the welfare rolls. I’m glad for that. I’m glad our future, and we’ve expanded trade. But for the fights that we made. what are we going to do tomorrow to keep Sometimes I think it’s easy for people who this economy going, until everybody who are reporting on current events to forget that needs a job or a better job or an education there is quite a difference here in who stands has a chance to participate in the economy? for what. The family and medical leave law, Well, one of the things we have to do is for example, has enabled millions of people keep expanding trade. I want Congress to to take some time off when their children give me the authority every previous Presi- are born or someone in their family gets sick. dent for the last 20 some years has had to One party was overwhelmingly for it; the expand trade. I do not want the Europeans, other party was overwhelmingly against it, al- in effect, to have a bigger foothold in Latin though there were some Republicans, thank America than we do; in Chile and Argentina God, who stood by and helped us. and Brazil and Venezuela. That would be a The same thing is true on our efforts to terrible mistake. Two-thirds of our trade expand health care coverage. In this last growth—two-thirds of our trade growth has budget, $24 billion in the balanced budget come from our neighbors, from Canada to is allocated to help provide health insurance the southern tip of South America, in the to half the kids in this country who don’t have last year. We dare not walk away from that. it. Does anyone really believe that would I want to keep working on education until have happened had it not been for the every school in America looks like the one Democratic Party? The answer is a resound- that I visited today in California, where every ing no. I can tell you, I was there. school is like a charter school, in the control We had the biggest increase in investment of the parents, the students, the teachers, and in education since 1965—in a generation— the principal; where redtape is low and ex- the biggest increase in helping people to go pectations are high and the school only stays on to college—of all ages—since the GI bill in business as long as it does a good job. was passed 50 years ago. You can now get That’s the only way we’re going to save public a $1,500 tax credit for the first 2 years of education in a modern world. And we need college, which opens community college to to have that kind of result. And we need to every person in the country. More Pell grant keep working until we get there. scholarships, more work-study, other tax So there is a lot still to be done. The world credits and deductions for all the other years still is not properly organized, although we’re of higher education for Americans of any age. getting there, to deal with the security threats We have finally created an environment in that our children will face. I hope to good- which we have opened the doors of college ness by the time I leave, we’ll really be able to all Americans who are willing to work for to say there’s no reasonable prospect of a re- it. currence of a nuclear-dominated world, This is a stunning achievement. It will where people will really be in fear of one change the future of America. No one can country dropping a nuclear weapon on an- seriously argue that it would have happened other. I hope we’ll be there. And we’re work- had it not been for our party. That was the ing hard with the Russians to get there, and contribution we made to this balanced budg- with others. But we will have to face the fact et agreement. That was our driving passion. when I leave office in January of 2001, that And so I say to you, there are consequences the open borders we’re creating and the open to the outcome of elections that affect peo- commerce we’re creating and the explosion ple, that we can too easily forget. of technology we’re seeing makes it possible And as you look to the future, in spite of for the organized forces of destruction to all these good results—that’s the point I’m wreck havoc among decent people of the trying to make—this is not a time for Amer- United States and throughout the world. And ica to sit on its laurels. Why? First of all, we must be organized to deal with terrorism. because everything changes. But the rate of We must be organized to deal with drug traf-

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fickers. We must be organized to deal with mittee; Dan Dutko, chair, National Victory Fund; people who purvey ethnic and religious ha- John Goldman, dinner cochair; Mayor Willie L. tred into the butchery of hundreds of thou- Brown, Jr., of San Francisco; former Secretary of sands of people, whether it’s in Africa or Eu- Defense William J. Perry; and former Secretary rope or any other place in the world. We of State Warren M. Christopher. have to be organized to deal with that. There’s lots to do. And I just want to say Remarks at a Saxophone Club that I started with a vision. I wanted to be Reception in San Francisco able to say when I left office that every child September 20, 1997 in this country would have the opportunity to live up to his or her own dreams and ca- Thank you very much. I’m always uneasy pacities if he or she were willing to work for when Hillary is up here about to introduce it. I wanted to be able to say that we were me. [Laughter] I never know what is really still the world’s leading force for peace and going to be said. [Laughter] freedom and prosperity in the world. And You know, we—it’s the world’s worst-kept I wanted to be able to say, that amidst all secret that we took our daughter to Stanford of our increasing diversity, we were coming over the weekend—[laughter]—and bid her together as one America, respecting, even goodbye yesterday. And so, from, like, 6 celebrating our differences but bound to- o’clock on, Hillary and I are officially over- gether by things that unite us, more impor- seeing one of America’s empty nests. [Laugh- tantly. ter] And I’ve been thinking about how I was And every day I fight against the things going to fill it. I was thinking about maybe I think will undermine that, and I fight for I would get a dog to go with Socks, you know. the things I think will advance it. And all you [Laughter] When I heard Hillary talking, I have to do is to go back to the fight on family thought that Willie was going to move in with leave and the budget fight in 1993, the fight us. [Laughter] Mayor, I love you, but they for the assault weapons ban, for the Brady need you here. They need you. [Laughter] bill, for 100,000 police on the street in 1994, I love to come to San Francisco. I love the fight against the contract on America in the community. It was wonderful, we got off 1995, the fight against taking the guarantee the highway and were coming up from—we of medical care away from our poorest chil- came up from Palo Alto and were coming dren, the fight against taking away all that up through the streets, and I now know— Federal aid to education that was helping us I’ve made that trip so many times from the to advance opportunity—just go through airport that I know every block. And there’s every single decision that’s been made in the a little marker on every block, and I see the last 5 years—most of you who have come neighborhoods change. And I look for the here to help us could have made more money people to change in the street. And I can in the short run helping the other party. You always sort of measure how I’m doing by came here because you thought we needed whether it’s the same good response in every to go forward together and because you block, and then when I’m not doing so good shared that vision. there’s a difference. [Laughter] And once I I’m here to tell you that we need to keep was doing so poorly, there was no difference on with that vision because we, in spite of in any of the neighborhoods the other way. all the good times, we dare not rest. We have But I always love coming here, where the too much to do, too many people to lift up, people are so expressive and so alive and so and too many new bridges to cross before committed, I think, to building the kind of we get to that new century. And thanks to community that involves all Americans that you, we’re going to be able to do it. our whole country needs. And so I’m very Thank you, and God bless you. glad to be here. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:50 p.m. in the I want to hear this band. The name of this Postrio Restaurant at the Prescott Hotel. In his band really—LaVay Smith and her Red Hot remarks, he referred to Alan D. Solomont, na- Band? Is that really the name of this band? tional finance chair, Democratic National Com- I like that. That’s good. [Laughter] And I love

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all these 1940’s ties, you know. It’s just great. plan. I’m proud of the fact that we’ve in- It’s another part of San Francisco, right? vested in education. I’m proud of the fact I want to just say a couple of things seri- that this new budget has the biggest increase ously. First of all, I love this Saxophone Club. in education funding since 1965 and the big- And every Saxophone Club meeting I’ve gest increase in helping people go to college been to since I started out in 1992 and some since the GI bill was passed 50 years ago. bright young person had the idea of forming When all these tax incentives, work-study it, has kind of reaffirmed my faith in America, positions and Pell grants and IRA’s get in because it gives people a chance to partici- place, it will literally be possible for us to pate in the democratic process, to contribute say that every person in this country who is at a modest level, and to feel like they’re a willing to work for it can get a college edu- part of our administration. We also have all cation. For the first time in history we can kinds of people in the Saxophone Club, in- say that. And that’s important. I’m proud of cluding people of all ages. that. It used to be, when we started out, there Christine talked about what we tried to do were only young people in the Saxophone in health care, with health insurance in this Club, and I decided that was discriminatory, budget for half of the kids in America, 5 mil- and I see we’ve taken care of that here to- lion of them don’t have health insurance; night. [Laughter] We have a wider range of more work for the 16 million families that people, which I think is good. are affected with diabetes; new advances to But I’d just like to say, as I’m very much help people deal with breast cancer and pros- thinking about this today as we started our tate cancer and other things. We’re moving daughter on her college education, our ad- in this health area. I’m proud of that. ministration has been very much about the I’m proud of the fact that the crime rate future of this country, about trying to fix has gone down 5 years in a row and that we America’s present problems and organize our were able to defeat our opponents in the country in a way that will enable us to have other party who were against the assault the best years of America in the 21st century. weapons ban, who were against the Brady So when I ran for President, I said that bill, and who were against putting 100,000 I had a rather simple vision, which I still more police on the street. They were wrong think about every single day: I want this on all three counts, and the crime rate is country to be a place where everybody who going down because we listened to law en- will work for it has the opportunity to live forcement people and community people. out their dreams; I want this country to be I’m proud of that. a place that people still look to to lead the I’m proud of the fact that we waged the world toward peace and freedom and pros- war to protect the basic fabric of nourishing perity; and in some ways most important of the environment through clean water and all, I want this country to be a place where clean air and setting aside natural spaces, all we not only tolerate, not just respect all of those things that were under so much assault us for our differences but we actually cele- in 1995 in early 1996. brate them and are still bound together by I’m proud of the fact that we have the low- a set of common values which make us all est welfare rolls we’ve had in a long time Americans and enable us to have one Amer- and the smallest percentage of Americans on ica with all of our differences. In a world public assistance since 1970. I’m proud of in which people are killing each other to- that. night, are full of hatred tonight in different But there is a lot more to do in this coun- places because of all of their differences, I try, because we’re still changing very fast. We think it’s very important that we build that have to figure out a way now to make this kind of America. economic growth available to Americans in And I’m glad that what we sought to do neighborhoods and rural communities that has worked for our country. I’m proud of the haven’t accessed it. We have to figure out fact that we cut the deficit by 80 percent a way to make the technological revolution even before we passed the balanced budget that America is leading the way in broadly

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available, in all the schools in our country that’s plain wrong. Whenever we can agree and to people who, if they had access to it, in good conscience, we should agree. could make more of their own lives. But I don’t want you to forget either that We have to figure out a way to keep the there are choices to be made, and there are whole rate of growth with low inflation going honest differences. Today I was at a school on. We have a figure out a way to continue which was the first charter school created in to sell our products and services to the rest California, when California became only the of the world in a way that helps developing second State in our country to say that we countries and helps Americans as well. We ought to let public schools just be creative have to figure out a way to grow the economy and get rid of a lot of the redtape—in a lot while reducing the amount of pollution of of these school districts, and let them start the environment and the amount of green- up. house gases we’re putting into the atmos- I met a young lawyer, Mayor, who gave phere. Otherwise, we may leave our children up his law practice to start a charter school and certainly will leave our grandchildren here in San Francisco. And I met one of his with a legacy where they may be money rich students today, and it was awesome to think and nature poor, in ways that we can never about our public school system basically forgive ourselves for doing. sprouting a thousand flowers, all having one So we still have a lot of big challenges out thing—they’ve got to produce results. Kids there. We have a world that is still not free have to learn; they have to prove they can of danger, as we all know. We have to figure learn; they have to show they know some- out a way to continue to work on the nuclear thing. Otherwise, we believe we ought to let threat until it doesn’t exist anymore. And creative people get in there and prove that then we must at least, by the 21st century, all of our children can learn without regard have organized ourselves to deal with all to their race or their background or their in- those problems we all face that can cross na- come. tional borders and are moving more quickly Now, there’s a big fight going on in Con- now because of technology: terrorism, drug gress now because some people would like trafficking, the promotion of war and killing to just write a check to the States and let based on ethnic or religious or racial or other them decide what to do with all the Federal hatreds. All these things that we have to face education money. I don’t think that’s a very together. So there’s a lot left to be done. good idea, do you? And I think it would be And in the next 3 years and some odd a mistake for us not to be promoting the months I just want you to know that I intend charter school movement. I think it would to work down to the last minute of the last be a mistake. We need more of them. hour of the last day to make sure that we I think it would be—2 years ago, I came continue to make progress for the American to San Francisco and said, ‘‘We’re going to people. How are we going to—yes, you can wire every classroom and every library in clap for that. [Applause] I want you to under- every school in America by the year 2000.’’ stand what this is about, what your being Today, the percentage of California schools here is about. that are hooked up to the Internet is twice We have honest differences—now, we had what it was 2 years ago. The percentage of a principled agreement on the balanced classrooms hooked up to the Internet in Cali- budget agreement where both sides got fornia alone is 4 times what it was just 2 years something they wanted, because we had ago. We are supporting that with a specific done all—our party had done 80 percent of program directed to these local school dis- the work in balancing the budget; we could tricts. I think it would be a mistake for us all say we wanted to balance the budget and to back away from that and say, ‘‘We ought still get some things we wanted with the to let all 50 States decide whether that’s a growing economy. And I want to search for priority or not. If it is, fine. If it’s not, walk principled bipartisan compromise whenever away from it.’’ I don’t agree with that. I can, at home and abroad. There are those So we have these philosophical dif- who think we should never do that; I think ferences. The Senate in a bipartisan show of

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support agreed with me last week that we why I did that and you ought to make a deci- ought to have a nonpartisan board develop sion, too.’’ national examinations to have national stand- I believe that we need a Government in ards of academic excellence in the basics of Washington that is not committed to solving reading and mathematics for our children. people’s problems for them, but at least we’ll An overwhelming vote in the House, led by give them the tools to solve their problems the leaders of the other party, said no. I per- themselves. I believe that. sonally think that is crazy. I don’t think you And I believe that there are some things can have international standards of education that we can only enjoy if we enjoy them in if you don’t measure them. common, and therefore, we must achieve I don’t want to run the schools. I’m trying them together—like clean air, and safe drink- to get less bureaucracy in the schools. I just ing water, and natural spaces we protect, want to say, ‘‘Here are the results, measure along with national security. That’s what I them. You figure out how to solve the prob- believe. And I believe we have to achieve lem. Inspire your kids, but don’t tell me that this future together. all our children can’t learn.’’ So there is a So I want you to leave here proud of being big philosophical difference there. I think here. I want you to leave here full of energy that’s important. from being here. And I want to you to leave You must never forget that all this matters. here committed to getting others enlisted in You must never—you look at the judges that our cause. I have appointed and the fact that they’re not only the most diverse group by race and Every member of the Democratic Caucus gender in the history of the Republic, they in the U.S. Senate has endorsed the McCain- have the highest rating from the American Feingold campaign finance reform bill. If we Bar Association of any President’s since the can pass it—and we’ve been trying now— American Bar Association has been rating the every year I have endorsed a good bill and appointments of the President to judgeships. every year the other party has filibustered What happens? The United States Senate, it to death in the Senate—and still—you under the control of the other party for the know, if you read about it, you can’t tell who’s last 2 years, last year was the only time in on what side. [Laughter] It’s a mystery to 40 years—even in an election year, they me because it’s clear what happened. And haven’t confirmed one judge to the Court of they say they’re going to do it again, but they Appeals. Right now, over 50 of them sitting may not get away with it. So if we can pass up there waiting to be confirmed. Why? good campaign finance reform, then two Well, one Congressman said that he wanted things will have to happen: number one, we to intimidate, and one of the Senators said have to get reduced-cost or free TV time for it sounded like a good idea to him. candidates so they can still communicate in Well, I hope they won’t be intimidated, California; and the second thing is, you’ll be and I think the Senate ought to do its con- even more important—you’ll be even more stitutional duty and confirm the judges. And important because we’ll have to expand your I’m going to keep appointing people that I numbers. think are mainstream, well-qualified judges So I say again, when you leave here, you that can represent America instead of one just remember what Hillary said—I normally political point of view. And I think you be- agree with what she says—[laughter]—but lieve that, and I hope you’ll support me in when she said you were the most important that. person in this democratic enterprise, that is There are reasons why you’re here. And the truth. And we have to decide now—we I want to challenge you—I want you to go are still in the process of defining what Amer- out to your friends and neighbors and say, ica will be like in the 21st century; we are ‘‘Look, I went to this event, and I became still in the process of doing that. And I’ve a part of this group, and I did it because got a very long agenda of things that I’m com- I wanted to have a say in the world our chil- mitted to doing in the next 3 years that I dren and grandchildren live in, and here’s want to be your agenda.

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But I want you to think, most importantly, working with us on hooking up more of our about the big issues: 20, 30, 40 years from classrooms and libraries to the Internet, pro- now, wouldn’t you like to be able to say that viding the software, the hardware, the train- every child in this country who will work for ing of teachers, sometimes indirectly, by con- it can live out his or her dreams? Wouldn’t tinuing to advance the frontiers of knowledge you like to be able to say that your country and grow the economy. is still leading the world toward a more I want to leave you basically with a simple peaceful, more free, more prosperous state? thought as we break up and go to dinner. Wouldn’t you like to be able to say that out I came to this job 5 years ago with what I of all the ashes of all the problems that we thought was a very clear, simple vision. I rec- have seen from the Middle East and North- ognized a lot of the details I didn’t know, ern Ireland, to Bosnia, to Rwanda and Bu- although I thought I knew a lot about the rundi, to you name it, America rose up at basic economic issues and the basic edu- the end of the 20th century to be a country cational issues and the basic social policies where there is no single race or ethnic group before the country. But I wanted to prepare in the majority, but we got along, and we America for a new century. I wanted to cre- worked together, and we respected and cele- ate opportunity, make sure that we could cre- brated our differences, and then defined ate, together, opportunity for everybody who what we had in common to make us one would work for it. I wanted us to come to- America? That’s what I would like, and that’s gether, instead of be driven apart, by our di- what you’re making possible. versity. And I wanted us to continue to lead Thank you. God bless you. the world toward peace and freedom and prosperity. NOTE: The President spoke at 6:29 p.m. in the The first thing we had to do was fix a lot Terrace Room at the Fairmont Hotel. In his re- of things that weren’t working, that just marks, he referred to Christine Pelosi, member, event steering committee. didn’t make any sense. One was our eco- nomic policy; so we adopted a new one de- signed to invest in our people, balance the Remarks at a Democratic National budget, and expand trade in American prod- Committee Dinner in San Francisco ucts and services. It has worked. You have September 20, 1997 made it work. Millions of other Americans have made it work. But no one can seriously Hillary and I are trying to get used to our question that fiscal responsibility, investing first 48 hours of the empty nest syndrome. in people and technology and our future, ex- [Laughter] And so we found the youngest panding American trade makes sense. And couple we could to host this dinner tonight— it’s basically taken a burden off the backs of [laughter]—who have 17 years to worry the American people in our productive ca- about this happening. pacity and also tried to play to our strengths. I want to thank Halsey and Deborah for The second thing we tried to do is to basi- taking us in. And thank you, John and Ann cally make America habitable again by having and Brook and Sandy and Jeanne, all of you a serious anticrime policy that built on what who sponsored this dinner tonight. was working on the streets. Now no one seri- I will be very brief. I’m obviously in a rath- ously questions that the Brady bill and the er reflective mood, as all of you who have assault weapons ban and the 100,000 more ever sent a child off to college would be at police—that that was the right approach. And this moment. I am profoundly grateful for it’s a good thing to have crime going down the chance I’ve had to serve as President, dramatically. People, just friends of mine grateful for the support I have received in who aren’t even in politics, comment from two elections from the people of California, time to time now as they travel from Amer- and particularly appreciative of the unprece- ican city to American city how much safer dented help I have had not only in elections it is in city X, Y, or Z than it used to be. but as President from the communities rep- We have changed the way the Government resented in this room—sometimes directly works. We had the biggest reduction in wel-

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fare rolls in history. The Federal Govern- people who have high-tech weapons but very ment has 300,000 fewer people working for primitive designs rooted in ethnic, religious, it than it did the day I became President. and racial hatreds, can cause a lot of trouble And we are trying, slowly but surely, to mod- to a lot of people who, 10 years ago, would ernize it. have never even bought into it. But now, be- I saw someone out of your general line cause the world is so mobile and borders are of work was in Washington the other day say- so open and porous, we all become more vul- ing that most people out here operated at nerable. So we have to figure out ways to 3 times faster than normal business life; most protect privacy and yet give ourselves the people in Government operate 3 times slow- common capacity to promote public safety. er. Therefore, you’re nine to one ahead of So what I’d like to talk about tonight over us. [Laughter] I don’t know who said that, dinner is, what about all those things in the but I think the math is right and the charac- future? I’m very glad the country is in better terization is roughly accurate. But I’m trying shape than it was 5 years ago, but we still to change that. have a lot to do to give our children the coun- So tonight, as I think about the future of try that they deserve and to feel like all of all those young people who started college us have done our job. And anything you can yesterday, I think America is very well poised do to help, I’ll be very grateful for. for the future. But I think things are chang- Thank you. ing so rapidly we have to recognize that a NOTE: The President spoke at 8:09 p.m. at a pri- lot of our systems still don’t work as well as vate residence. In his remarks, he referred to din- they should, especially the education system. ner hosts Halsey Minor, chairman and chief exec- And more importantly, I think we should be utive officer, The Computer Network (CNET), focusing on what we need to make work for and his wife, Deborah; John Doerr, partner, the future. How can we now provide the kind Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers, and his wife, of institutional and environmental framework Ann; and Sanford R. Robertson, chairman, Rob- to guarantee that America will work well 20, ertson, Stephens & Co., and his wife, Jeanne. 30, 40 years from now, to give America a chance to succeed, to give these dreams that Proclamation 7024—Minority our children have a chance to prevail? Enterprise Development Week, 1997 The one huge issue we have to face is how to continue to grow the economy while im- September 19, 1997 proving dramatically our capacity to preserve By the President of the United States the environment. I’m convinced the climate of America change challenge is real, and yet there are no simple, easy answers about how to transi- A Proclamation tion our economy from where it is now to The American economy today is the envy where it needs to go. of the world. Since the beginning of my Ad- Another problem we haven’t resolved is ministration, our economy has created nearly how can people reconcile work and family. 13 million new jobs, unemployment has de- More and more people are working and rais- clined to 4.9 percent, and America has once ing children, and we need them to succeed again become the world’s leading exporter. at both—desperately, we need people to suc- Minority entrepreneurs have played a vital ceed at both. And that means we have to role in this success story. With their faith in have new arrangements. And then there’s all our free enterprise system, their determina- the technology questions that you’re more fa- tion to overcome any barriers to success, miliar with than I am. their willingness to work long and hard and We have succeeded, I think dramatically, to make the most of every opportunity, they in reducing the nuclear threat. And we’re epitomize the American can-do spirit. they going to do more the next 3 years. But our create jobs in communities where jobs are children will live in a world where terrorism, most needed, and they set a powerful exam- organized crime crossing national borders ple of achievement for young people seeking using high technology, drug trafficking, and to make the most of their lives.

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In the years ahead, these minority business [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, men and business women will become in- 8:59 a.m., September 24, 1997] creasingly important to our Nation’s com- NOTE: This proclamation was released by the Of- petitive edge in the global economy, which fice of the Press Secretary on September 22, and will offer great rewards to those who truly it was published in the Federal Register on Sep- understand life beyond our borders. Because tember 25. of their racial, linguistic, and cultural diver- sity, minority entrepreneurs are uniquely po- sitioned to meet the needs of this dynamic Proclamation 7025—National international marketplace. Historically Black Colleges and Recognizing the contributions that minor- Universities Week, 1997 ity enterprises make to the social and eco- September 19, 1997 nomic fabric of our Nation, we must continue to remove any barriers that prevent talented By the President of the United States men and women of every racial and ethnic of America background from participating fully in Amer- A Proclamation ica’s economic mainstream. Working in part- nership, government and private industry We are a few short years away from the must ensure that minority-owned firms have dawn of the 21st century, yet much of the equal access to capital, technical assistance, challenge and change we have been antici- new markets, and opportunities for growth. pating is already upon us. We are competing We must attract new entrepreneurs to the today in a truly global economy, an economy based on information and technology as well marketplace and encourage existing firms to as agriculture and industry. We are living in expand. By doing so, we can ensure that the age of the information revolution, the era America’s promise will continue to shine of the World Wide Web, of daily advances brightly for all our people. in communications technology where a uni- As we observe Minority Enterprise Devel- verse of knowledge is only a keyboard and opment Week, let us honor the energy, de- a modem away. We are crossing the frontier termination, and optimism of our Nation’s into a new world, and our only map and com- minority entrepreneurs, whose hard work has pass in that world will be education. done so much to help keep America strong, We must build an educational system that prosperous, and full of hope for the future. prepares our young people for the jobs of Now, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton, the future. We must empower them with the President of the United States of America, values, experiences, and self-confidence to by virtue of the authority vested in me by succeed in our diverse society. We must pro- the Constitution and laws of the United vide them with the knowledge and motiva- States, do hereby proclaim September 21 tion to reach their full human potential—and through September 27, 1997, as Minority we must leave no one behind. In devising Enterprise Development Week. I call on all such an educational system, we need only Americans to commemorate this event with look to America’s Historically Black Colleges appropriate ceremonies and activities in ac- and Universities (HBCUs) for a model of ex- knowledgment of the many contributions cellence. that minority entrepreneurs bring to our na- This extraordinary network of institutions, tional life. more than a century old, has created a legacy In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set of unquestioned accomplishment in fostering my hand this nineteenth day of September, student success. Founded to educate African in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred Americans in a segregated society, these col- and ninety-seven, and of the Independence leges and universities have flourished and of the United States of America the two hun- built an enviable record of achievement in dred and twenty-second. educating America’s black scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, artists, entrepreneurs, William J. Clinton community and religious leaders, and other

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professionals. They have provided genera- in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred tions of students with access to highly sup- and ninety-seven, and of the Independence portive environments for learning. The expe- of the United States of America the two hun- rience and expertise of HBCUs make them dred and twenty-second. an invaluable resource to our Nation during William J. Clinton this period of significant change. America’s Historically Black Colleges and [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, Universities daily demonstrate effective lead- 8:59 a.m., September 24, 1997] ership in a multitude of ways: they develop and practice innovative academic approaches NOTE: This proclamation was released by the Of- fice of the Press Secretary on September 22, and to ensure student success; they create cam- it was published in the Federal Register on Sep- pus programs that offer new solutions to crit- tember 25. ical social problems; they produce cutting- edge research with practical applications; and they forge strong global relationships from Proclamation 7026—National Farm a myriad of international activities. More- Safety and Health Week, 1997 over, against formidable financial odds, they September 19, 1997 have persisted in keeping education afford- able for the constituencies they serve, with- By the President of the United States out sacrificing quality. They have never al- of America lowed scarce funding, poor educational prep- aration, or societal disadvantage to get in the A Proclamation way of their mission to educate and nurture From the earliest days of our Nation, the the intellectual potential of the black com- men and women who work the land have munity. held a special place in America’s heart, his- Historically Black Colleges and Univer- tory, and economy. Many of us are no more sities have done more to make the American than a few generations removed from fore- Dream a reality for African Americans than bears whose determination and hard work on has any other set of institutions in our coun- farms and fields helped to build our Nation try. These institutions are poised to enter the and shape its values. While the portion of 21st century, ready to build on this tradition our population directly involved in agri- of excellence, achievement, and reverence culture has diminished over the years, those for education. We can count on them to con- who live and work on America’s farms and tinue to make vital contributions to our Na- ranches continue to make extraordinary con- tion’s success and to ensure that America tributions to the quality of our national life lives up to our fundamental values of equality and the strength of our economy. and opportunity. The life of a farmer or rancher has never Now, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton, been easy. The work is hard, physically chal- President of the United States of America, lenging, and uniquely subject to the forces by virtue of the authority vested in me by of nature; the chemicals and labor-saving ma- the Constitution and laws of the United chinery that have helped American farmers States, do hereby proclaim September 21 become so enormously productive have also through September 27, 1997, as National brought with them new health hazards; and Historically Black Colleges and Universities working with livestock can result in frequent Week. I call upon the people of the United injury to agricultural workers and their fami- States, including government officials, edu- lies. cators, and administrators, to observe this Fortunately, there are measures we can week with appropriate programs, cere- take to reduce agriculture-related injuries, monies, and activities honoring America’s illnesses, and deaths. Manufacturers con- Historically Black Colleges and Universities tinue to improve the safety features of farm- and their graduates. ing equipment; protective clothing and safety In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set gear can reduce the exposure of workers to my hand this nineteenth day of September, the health threats posed by chemicals, noise,

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dust, and sun; training in first-aid procedures [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, and access to good health care can often 8:59 a.m., September 24, 1997] mean the difference between life and death. NOTE: This proclamation was released by the Of- The key to all these safety measures is edu- fice of the Press Secretary on September 22, and cation. During National Farm Safety and it was published in the Federal Register on Sep- Health Week, I encourage America’s farm- tember 25. ers, ranchers, and other agricultural workers to remain alert to the dangers inherent in their livelihood. By learning about and using Remarks to the 52d Session of the the latest safety features of farming equip- United Nations General Assembly in ment and vehicles, wearing personal protec- New York City tive gear and clothing, and practicing good September 22, 1997 preventive health care, they can avoid or re- duce many of the hazards they face each day. Mr. President, Secretary-General, distin- It is particularly important to teach our young guished guests: Five years ago, when I first people on farms and ranches about proper addressed this Assembly, the cold war had safety measures, to provide safe areas where only just ended, and the transition to a new children can play, and to monitor their activi- era was beginning. Now, together, we are ties. Their experience and maturity must al- making that historic transition. ways be considered before they are allowed Behind us we leave a century full of hu- to participate in farm or ranch work. manity’s capacity for the worst and its genius for the best. Before us, at the dawn of a new Now, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton, millennium, we can envision a new era that President of the United States of America, escapes the 20th century’s darkest moments, by virtue of the authority vested in me by fulfills its most brilliant possibilities, and the Constitution and laws of the United crosses frontiers yet unimagined. States, do hereby proclaim September 21 We are off to a promising start. For the through September 27, 1997, as National first time in history, more than half the peo- Farm Safety and Health Week. I call upon ple represented in this Assembly freely government agencies, educational institu- choose their own governments. Free markets tions, businesses, and professional associa- are growing, spreading individual oppor- tions that serve our agricultural sector to tunity and national well-being. Early in the strengthen efforts to promote safety and 21st century, more than 20 of this Assembly’s health measures among our Nation’s farm members, home to half the Earth’s popu- and ranch workers. I ask agricultural workers lation, will lift themselves from the ranks of to take advantage of available technology, low-income nations. training, and information that can help them Powerful forces are bringing us closer to- prevent injury and illness. I also call upon gether, profoundly changing the way we work all Americans to observe Wednesday, Sep- and live and relate to each other. Every day tember 24, 1997, as a day to focus on the millions of our citizens on every continent risks facing young people on our Nation’s use laptops and satellites to send information, farms and ranches and to reflect during this products, and money across the planet in sec- week on the bounty that we enjoy thanks to onds. Bit by bit, the information age is chip- the hard work and dedication of America’s ping away at the barriers, economic, political, agricultural workers. and social, that once kept people locked in In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set and ideas locked out. Science is unraveling my hand this nineteenth day of September, mysteries in the tiniest of human genes and in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred the vast cosmos. and ninety-seven, and of the Independence Never in the course of human history have of the United States of America the two hun- we had a greater opportunity to make our dred and twenty-second. people healthier and wiser, to protect our planet from decay and abuse, to reap the William J. Clinton benefits of free markets without abandoning

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the social contract and its concern for the protect the environment and safeguard common good. Yet today’s possibilities are human rights. not tomorrow’s guarantees. We have work to Through this web of institutions and ar- do. rangements, nations are now setting the The forces of global integration are a great international ground rules for the 21st cen- tide, inexorably wearing away the established tury, laying a foundation for security and order of things. But we must decide what prosperity for those who live within them, will be left in its wake. People fear change while isolating those who challenge them when they feel its burdens but not its bene- from the outside. This system will develop fits. They are susceptible to misguided pro- and endure only if those who follow the rules tectionism, to the poisoned appeals of ex- of peace and freedom fully reap their re- treme nationalism, and ethnic, racial, and re- wards. Only then will our people believe that ligious hatred. New global environmental they have a stake in supporting and shaping challenges require us to find ways to work the emerging international system. together without damaging legitimate aspira- The United Nations must play a leading tions for progress. We’re all vulnerable to the role in this effort, filling in the faultlines of reckless acts of rogue states and to an unholy the new global era. The core missions it has axis of terrorists, drug traffickers, and inter- pursued during its first half-century will be national criminals. These 21st century preda- just as relevant during the next half-century: tors feed on the very free flow of information the pursuit of peace and security, promoting and ideas and people we cherish. They abuse human rights, and moving people from pov- the vast power of technology to build black erty to dignity and prosperity through sus- markets for weapons, to compromise law en- tainable development. Conceived in the cauldron of war, the forcement with huge bribes of illicit cash, to United Nations’ first task must remain the launder money with the keystroke of a com- pursuit of peace and security. For 50 years, puter. These forces are our enemies. We the U.N. has helped prevent world war and must face them together because no one can nuclear holocaust. Unfortunately, conflicts defeat them alone. between nations and within nations has en- To seize the opportunities and move dured. From 1945 until today, they have cost against the threats of this new global era, we 20 million lives. Just since the end of the need a new strategy of security. Over the past cold war, each year there have been more 5 years, nations have begun to put that strat- than 30 armed conflicts in which more than egy in place through a new network of insti- a thousand people have lost their lives, in- tutions and arrangements with distinct mis- cluding, of course, a quarter of a million sions but a common purpose: to secure and killed in the former Yugoslavia and more strengthen the gains of democracy and free than half a million in Rwanda. markets while turning back their enemies. Millions of personal tragedies the world We see this strategy taking place on every over are a warning that we dare not be com- continent: expanded military alliances like placent or indifferent. Trouble in a far corner NATO, its Partnership For Peace, its part- can become a plague on everyone’s house. nerships with a democratic Russia and a People the world over cheer the hopeful democratic Ukraine; free-trade arrange- developments in Northern Ireland, grieve ments like the WTO and the Global Informa- over the innocent loss of life and the stalling tion Technology Agreement and the move to- of the peace process in the Middle East, and ward free-trade areas by nations in the Amer- long for a resolution of the differences on icas, the Asia-Pacific region, and elsewhere the Korean Peninsula or between Greece around the world; strong arms control re- and Turkey or between the great nations of gimes like the Chemical Weapons Conven- India and Pakistan as they celebrate the 50th tion and the Non-Proliferation Treaty; multi- anniversaries of their birth. national coalitions with zero tolerance for ter- The United Nations continues to keep rorism, corruption, crime, and drug traffick- many nations away from bloodshed, in El Sal- ing; binding international commitments to vador and Mozambique, in Haiti and Na-

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mibia, in Cyprus and in Bosnia, where so ket economies that so many of you are work- much remains to be done but can still be ing so hard to see endure. done because the bloodshed has ended. Two years ago, I called upon all the mem- The record of service of the United Na- bers of this Assembly to join in the fight tions has left a legacy of sacrifice. Just last against these forces. I applaud the U.N.’s re- week, we lost some of our finest sons and cent resolution calling on its members to join daughters in a crash of a U.N. helicopter in the major international antiterrorism conven- Bosnia. Five were Americans, five were Ger- tions, making clear the emerging inter- mans, one Polish, and one British, all citizens national consensus that terrorism is always of the world we are trying to make, each a a crime and never a justifiable political act. selfless servant of peace. And the world is As more countries sign on, terrorists will have poorer for their passing. fewer places to run or hide. At this very moment, the United Nations I also applaud the steps that members are is keeping the peace in 16 countries, often taking to implement the declaration on crime in partnership with regional organizations and public security that the United States like NATO, the OAS, ASEAN, and proposed 2 years ago, calling for increased ECOWAS, avoiding wider conflicts and even cooperation to strengthen every citizen’s greater suffering. Our shared commitment to right to basic safety, through cooperation on more realistic peacekeeping training for U.N. extradition and asset forfeiture, shutting troops, a stronger role for civilian police, bet- down gray markets for guns and false docu- ter integration between military and civilian ments, attacking corruption, and bringing agencies, all these will help the United Na- higher standards to law enforcement in new tions to meet these missions in the years democracies. ahead. The spread of these global criminal syn- At the same time, we must improve the dicates also has made all the more urgent U.N.’s capabilities after a conflict ends to our common quest to eliminate weapons of help peace become self-sustaining. The U.N. mass destruction. We cannot allow them to cannot build nations, but it can help nations fall or to remain in the wrong hands. Here, to build themselves by fostering legitimate too, the United Nations must lead, and it has, institutions of government, monitoring elec- from UNSCOM in Iraq to the International tions, and laying a strong foundation for eco- Atomic Energy Agency, now the most expan- nomic reconstruction. sive global system ever devised to police arms This week the Security Council will hold control agreements. an unprecedented ministerial meeting on Af- When we met here last year, I was hon- rican security, which our Secretary of State ored to be the first of 146 leaders to sign is proud to chair, and which President the comprehensive test ban treaty, our com- Mugabe, chairman of the Organization of Af- mitment to end all nuclear tests for all time, rican Unity, will address. It will highlight the the longest sought, hardest fought prize in role the United Nations can and should play the history of arms control. It will help to in preventing conflict on a continent where prevent the nuclear powers from developing amazing progress toward democracy and de- more advanced and more dangerous weap- velopment is occurring alongside still too ons. It will limit the possibilities for other much discord, disease, and distress. states to acquire such devices. I am pleased In the 21st century, our security will be to announce that today I am sending this cru- challenged increasingly by interconnected cial treaty to the United States Senate for groups that traffic in terror, organized crime, ratification. Our common goal should be to and drug smuggling. Already these inter- enter the CTBT into force as soon as pos- national crime and drug syndicates drain up sible, and I ask for all of you to support that to $750 billion a year from legitimate econo- goal. mies. That sum exceeds the combined GNP The United Nations’ second core mission of more than half the nations in this room. must be to defend and extend universal These groups threaten to undermine con- human rights and to help democracy’s re- fidence in fragile new democracies and mar- markable gains endure. Fifty years ago, the

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U.N.’s Universal Declaration of Human haves and have-nots or threaten the global Rights stated the international community’s environment, our common home. Progress conviction that people everywhere have the is not yet everyone’s partner. More than half right to be treated with dignity, to give voice the world’s people are 2 days’ walk from a to their opinions, to choose their leaders; that telephone, literally disconnected from the these rights are universal, not American global economy. Tens of millions lack the rights, not Western rights, not rights for the education, the training, the skills they need developed world only but rights inherent in to make the most of their God-given abilities. the humanity of people everywhere. Over the The men and women of the United Na- past decade, these rights have become a re- tions have expertise across the entire range ality for more people than ever from Asia of humanitarian and development activities. to Africa, from Europe to the Americas. In Every day they are making a difference. We a world that links rich and poor, North and see it in nourished bodies of once starving South, city and countryside, in an electronic children, in the full lives of those immunized network of shared images in real time, the against disease, in the bright eyes of children more these universal rights take hold, the exposed to education through the rich store- more people who do not enjoy them will de- house of human knowledge, in refugees mand them. Armed with photocopiers and cared for and returned to their homes, in the fax machines, E-mail and the Internet, sup- health of rivers and lakes restored. ported by an increasingly important commu- The United Nations must focus even more nity of nongovernmental organizations, they on shifting resources from hand-outs to will make their demands known, spreading hand-ups, on giving people the tools they the spirit of freedom, which as the history need to make the most of their own destinies. of the last 10 years has shown us, ultimately Spreading ideas in education and technology, will prevail. the true wealth of nations, is the best way The United Nations must be prepared to to give people a chance to succeed. respond not only by setting standards but by And the U.N. must continue to lead in en- implementing them. To deter abuses, we suring that today’s progress does not come should strengthen the U.N.’s field operations at tomorrow’s expense. When the nations of and early warning systems. To strengthen the world gather again next December in democratic institutions, the best guarantors Kyoto for the U.N. Climate Change Con- of human rights, we must pursue programs ference, all of us, developed and developing to help new legal, parliamentary, and elec- nations, must seize the opportunity to turn toral institutions get off the ground. To pun- back the clock on greenhouse gas emissions ish those responsible for crimes against hu- so that we can leave a healthy planet to our manity and to promote justice so that peace children. endures, we must maintain our strong sup- In these efforts, the U.N. no longer can port for the U.N.’s war crime tribunals and and no longer need go it alone. Innovative truth commissions. And before the century partnerships with the private sector, NGO’s, ends, we should establish a permanent inter- and the international financial institutions national court to prosecute the most serious can leverage its effectiveness many times violations of humanitarian law. over. Last week, a truly visionary American, The United States welcomes the Sec- Ted Turner, made a remarkable donation to retary-General’s efforts to strengthen the strengthen the U.N.’s development and hu- role of human rights within the U.N. system manitarian programs. His gesture highlights and his splendid choice of Mary Robinson the potential for partnership between the as the new High Commissioner. We will U.N. and the private sector in contributions work hard to make sure that she has the sup- of time, resources, and expertise. And I hope port she needs to carry out her mandate. more will follow his lead. Finally, the United Nations has a special In this area and others, the Secretary-Gen- responsibility to make sure that as the global eral is aggressively pursuing the most far- economy creates greater wealth, it does not reaching reform of the United Nations in its produce growing disparities between the history, not to make the U.N. smaller as an

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end in itself but to make it better. The Unit- have the vision and the heart necessary to ed States strongly supports his leadership. imagine a future that is different from the We should pass the Secretary-General’s re- past, necessary to free ourselves from de- form agenda this session. structive patterns of relations with each other On every previous occasion I have ad- and within our own nations and live a future dressed this Assembly, the issue of our coun- that is different. try’s dues has brought the commitment of A new century and a new millennium is the United States to the United Nations into upon us. We are literally present at the fu- question. The United States was a founder ture, and it is the great gift, it is our obliga- of the U.N. We are proud to be its host. We tion, to leave to our children. believe in its ideals. We continue to be, as Thank you very much. we have been, its largest contributor. We are committed to seeing the United Nations suc- NOTE: The President spoke at 10:50 a.m. in the ceed in the 21st century. General Assembly Hall at United Nations Head- This year, for the first time since I have quarters. In his remarks, he referred to Minister of Foreign Affairs Hennadiy Udovenko of been President, we have an opportunity to Ukraine, President, U.N. General Assembly; U.N. put the questions of debts and dues behind Secretary-General Kofi Annan; President Robert us once and for all and to put the United Mugabe of Zimbabwe; and Mary Robinson, U.N. Nations on a sounder financial footing for the High Commissioner for Human Rights. future. I have made it a priority to work with our Congress on comprehensive legislation that would allow us to pay off the bulk of Message to the Senate Transmitting our arrears and assure full financing of Amer- the Comprehensive Nuclear Test- ica’s assessment in the years ahead. Our Con- Ban Treaty and Documentation gress’ actions to solve this problem reflects September 22, 1997 a strong bipartisan commitment to the Unit- ed Nations and to America’s role within it. To the Senate of the United States: At the same time, we look to member states I transmit herewith, for the advice and to adopt a more equitable scale of assess- consent of the Senate to ratification, the ment. Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Let me say that we also strongly support (the ‘‘Treaty’’ or ‘‘CTBT’’), opened for signa- expanding the Security Council to give more ture and signed by the United States at New countries a voice in the most important work York on September 24, 1996. The Treaty in- of the U.N. In more equitably sharing re- cludes two Annexes, a Protocol, and two An- sponsibility for its successes, we can make nexes to the Protocol, all of which form inte- the U.N. stronger and more democratic than gral parts of the Treaty. I transmit also, for it is today. I ask the General Assembly to the information of the Senate, the report of act on these proposals this year so that we the Department of State on the Treaty, in- can move forward together. cluding an Article-by-Article analysis of the At the dawn of a new century, so full of Treaty. hope but not free of peril, more than ever Also included in the Department of State’s we need a United Nations where people of report is a document relevant to but not part reason can work through shared problems of the Treaty: the Text on the Establishment and take action to combat them, where na- of a Preparatory Commission for the Com- tions of good will can join in the struggle prehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organi- for freedom and prosperity, where we can zation, adopted by the Signatory States to the shape a future of peace and progress and the Treaty on November 19, 1996. The Text pro- preservation of our planet. vides the basis for the work of the Pre- We have the knowledge, we have the intel- paratory Commission for the Comprehensive ligence, we have the energy, we have the re- Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization in sources for the work before us. We are build- preparing detailed procedures for imple- ing the necessary networks of cooperation. menting the Treaty and making arrange- The great question remaining is whether we ments for the first session of the Conference

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of the States Parties to the Treaty. In particu- compliance concerns arising from possible lar, by the terms of the Treaty, the Pre- misinterpretation of monitoring data related paratory Commission will be responsible for to chemical explosions that a State Party in- ensuring that the verification regime estab- tends to or has carried out. Equally important lished by the Treaty will be effectively in op- to the U.S. ability to verify the Treaty, the eration at such time as the Treaty enters into text specifically provides for the right of force. My Administration has completed and States Parties to use information obtained by will submit separately to the Senate an analy- national technical means in a manner consist- sis of the verifiability of the Treaty, consistent ent with generally recognized principles of with section 37 of the Arms Control and Dis- international law for purposes of verification armament Act, as amended. Such legislation generally, and in particular, as the basis for as may be necessary to implement the Treaty an on-site inspection request. The verifica- also will be submitted separately to the Sen- tion regime provides each State Party the ate for appropriate action. right to protect sensitive installations, activi- The conclusion of the Comprehensive Nu- ties, or locations not related to the Treaty. clear Test-Ban Treaty is a signal event in the Determinations of compliance with the Trea- history of arms control. The subject of the ty rest with each individual State Party to the Treaty is one that has been under consider- Treaty. ation by the international community for Negotiations for a nuclear test-ban treaty nearly 40 years, and the significance of the date back to the Eisenhower Administration. conclusion of negotiations and the signature During the period 1978–1980, negotiations to date of more than 140 states cannot be among the United States, the United King- overestimated. The Treaty creates an abso- dom, and the USSR (the Depositary Govern- lute prohibition against the conduct of nu- ments of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation clear weapon test explosions or any other nu- of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)) made progress, clear explosion anywhere. Specifically, each but ended without agreement. Thereafter, as State Party undertakes not to carry out any the nonnuclear weapon states called for test- nuclear weapon test explosion or any other ban negotiations, the United States urged the nuclear explosion; to prohibit and prevent Conference on Disarmament (the ‘‘CD’’) to any nuclear explosions at any place under its devote its attention to the difficult aspects jurisdiction or control; and to refrain from of monitoring compliance with such a ban causing, encouraging, or in any way partici- and developing elements of an international pating in the carrying out of any nuclear monitoring regime. After the United States, weapon test explosion or any other nuclear joined by other key states, declared its sup- explosion. port for comprehensive test-ban negotiations The Treaty establishes a far reaching ver- with a view toward prompt conclusion of a ification regime, based on the provision of treaty, negotiations on a comprehensive test- seismic, hydroacoustic, radionuclide, and ban were initiated in the CD, in January infrasound data by a global network (the 1994. Increased impetus for the conclusion ‘‘International Monitoring System’’) consist- of a comprehensive nuclear test-ban treaty ing of the facilities listed in Annex 1 to the by the end of 1996 resulted from the adop- Protocol. Data provided by the International tion, by the Parties to the NPT in conjunction Monitoring System will be stored, analyzed, with the indefinite and unconditional exten- and disseminated, in accordance with Treaty- sion of that Treaty, of ‘‘Principles and Objec- mandated operational manuals, by an Inter- tives for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Dis- national Data Center that will be part of the armament’’ that listed the conclusion of a Technical Secretariat of the Comprehensive CTBT as the highest measure of its program Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization. The of action. verification regime includes rules for the On August 11, 1995, when I announced conduct of on-site inspections, provisions for U.S. support for a ‘‘zero yield’’ CTBT, I stat- consultation and clarification, and voluntary ed that: confidence-building measures designed to ‘‘. . . As part of our national security contribute to the timely resolution of any strategy, the United States must and will

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retain strategic nuclear forces sufficient • The maintenance of modern nuclear to deter any future hostile foreign lead- laboratory facilities and programs in ership with access to strategic nuclear theoretical and exploratory nuclear forces from acting against our vital inter- technology that will attract, retain, and ests and to convince it that seeking a ensure the continued application of our nuclear advantage would be futile. In human scientific resources to those pro- this regard, I consider the maintenance grams on which continued progress in of a safe and reliable nuclear stockpile nuclear technology depends. to be a supreme national interest of the • The maintenance of the basic capability United States. to resume nuclear test activities prohib- ‘‘I am assured by the Secretary of En- ited by the CTBT should the United ergy and the Directors of our nuclear States cease to be bound to adhere to this Treaty. weapons labs that we can meet the chal- • lenge of maintaining our nuclear deter- The continuation of a comprehensive rent under a CTBT through a Science research and development program to Based Stockpile Stewardship program improve our treaty monitoring capabili- ties and operations. without nuclear testing. I directed the • implementation of such a program al- The continuing development of a broad most 2 years ago, and it is being devel- range of intelligence gathering and ana- oped with the support of the Secretary lytical capabilities and operations to en- of Defense and the Chairman of the sure accurate and comprehensive infor- mation on worldwide nuclear arsenals, Joint Chiefs of Staff. This program will nuclear weapons development pro- now be tied to a new certification proce- grams, and related nuclear programs. dure. In order for this program to suc- • The understanding that if the President ceed, both the Administration and the of the United States is informed by the Congress must provide sustained bipar- Secretary of Defense and the Secretary tisan support for the stockpile steward- of Energy (DOE)—advised by the Nu- ship program over the next decade and clear Weapons Council, the Directors beyond. I am committed to working of DOE’s nuclear weapons laboratories, with the Congress to ensure this sup- and the Commander of the U.S. Strate- port. gic Command—that a high level of con- ‘‘While I am optimistic that the stockpile fidence in the safety or reliability of a stewardship program will be successful, nuclear weapon type that the two Sec- as President I cannot dismiss the possi- retaries consider to be critical to our nu- bility, however unlikely, that the pro- clear deterrent could no longer be cer- gram will fall short of its objectives. tified, the President, in consultation Therefore, in addition to the new annual with the Congress, would be prepared certification procedure for our nuclear to withdraw from the CTBT under the weapons stockpile, I am also establish- standard ‘‘supreme national interests’’ ing concrete, specific safeguards that clause in order to conduct whatever define the conditions under which the testing might be required. United States can enter into a CTBT With regard to the last safeguard: .. .’’ • The U.S. regards continued high con- The safeguards that were established are fidence in the safety and reliability of as follows: its nuclear weapons stockpile as a mat- • The conduct of a Science Based Stock- ter affecting the supreme interests of pile Stewardship program to ensure a the country and will regard any events high level of confidence in the safety calling that confidence into question as and reliability of nuclear weapons in the ‘‘extraordinary events related to the sub- active stockpile, including the conduct ject matter of the treaty.’’ It will exercise of a broad range of effective and con- its rights under the ‘‘supreme national tinuing experimental programs. interests’’ clause if it judges that the

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safety or reliability of its nuclear weap- As negotiations on a text drew to a close ons stockpile cannot be assured with the it became apparent that one member of the necessary high degree of confidence CD, India, would not join in a consensus de- without nuclear testing. cision to forward the text to the United Na- • To implement that commitment, the tions for its adoption. After consultations Secretaries of Defense and Energy— among countries supporting the text, Aus- advised by the Nuclear Weapons Coun- tralia requested the President of the U.N. cil or ‘‘NWC’’ (comprising represen- General Assembly to convene a resumed ses- tatives of DOD, JCS, and DOE), the sion of the 50th General Assembly to con- Directors of DOE’s nuclear weapons sider and take action on the text. The Gen- laboratories and the Commander of the eral Assembly was so convened, and by a vote U.S. Strategic Command—will report of 158 to 3 the Treaty was adopted. On Sep- to the President annually, whether they tember 24, 1996, the Treaty was opened for can certify that the Nation’s nuclear signature and I had the privilege, on behalf weapons stockpile and all critical ele- of the United States, of being the first to sign ments thereof are, to a high degree of the Treaty. confidence, safe and reliable, and, if The Treaty assigns responsibility for over- they cannot do so, whether, in their seeing its implementation to the Com- opinion and that of the NWC, testing prehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organi- is necessary to assure, with a high de- zation (the ‘‘Organization’’), to be established gree of confidence, the adequacy of cor- in Vienna. The Organization, of which each rective measures to assure the safety State Party will be a member, will have three and reliability of the stockpile, or ele- organs: the Conference of the States Parties, ments thereof. The Secretaries will state a 51-member Executive Council, and the the reasons for their conclusions, and Technical Secretariat. The Technical Sec- the views of the NWC, reporting any retariat will supervise the operation of and minority views. provide technical support for the Inter- • After receiving the Secretaries’ certifi- national Monitoring System, operate the cation and accompanying report, in- International Data Center, and prepare for cluding NWC and minority views, the and support the conduct of on-site inspec- President will provide them to the ap- tions. The Treaty also requires each State propriate committees of the Congress, Party to establish a National Authority that together with a report on the actions he will serve as the focal point within the State has taken in light of them. Party for liaison with the Organization and • If the President is advised, by the above with other States Parties. procedure, that a high level of con- The Treaty will enter into force 180 days fidence in the safety or reliability of a after the deposit of instruments of ratification nuclear weapon type critical to the Na- by all of the 44 states listed in Annex 2 to tion’s nuclear deterrent could no longer the Treaty, but in no case earlier than 2 years be certified without nuclear testing, or after its being opened for signature. If, 3 that nuclear testing is necessary to as- years from the opening of the Treaty for sig- sure the adequacy of corrective meas- nature, the Treaty has not entered into force, ures, the President will be prepared to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, exercise our ‘‘supreme national inter- in his capacity as Depositary of the Treaty, ests’’ rights under the Treaty, in order will convene a conference of the states that to conduct such testing. have deposited their instruments of ratifica- • The procedure for such annual certifi- tion if a majority of those states so requests. cation by the Secretaries, and for advice At this conference the participants will con- to them by the NWC, U.S. Strategic sider what measures consistent with inter- Command, and the DOE nuclear weap- national law might be undertaken to acceler- ons laboratories will be embodied in do- ate the ratification process in order to facili- mestic law. tate the early entry into force of the Treaty.

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Their decision on such measures must be provement over the next several years to taken by consensus. meet these challenges. Even with these en- Reservations to the Treaty Articles and the hancements, though, several conceivable Annexes to the Treaty are not permitted. CTBT evasion scenarios have been identi- Reservations may be taken to the Protocol fied. Nonetheless, our National Intelligence and its Annexes so long as they are not in- Means (NIM), together with the Treaty’s ver- compatible with the object and purpose of ification regime and our diplomatic efforts, the Treaty. Amendment of the Treaty re- provide the United States with the means to quires the positive vote of a majority of the make the CTBT effectively verifiable. By States Parties to the Treaty, voting in a duly this, I mean that the United States: convened Amendment Conference at which • will have a wide range of resources no State Party casts a negative vote. Such (NIM, the totality of information avail- amendments would enter into force 30 days able in public and private channels, and after ratification by all States Parties that cast the mechanisms established by the a positive vote at the Amendment Con- Treaty) for addressing compliance con- ference. cerns and imposing sanctions in cases The Treaty is of unlimited duration, but of noncompliance; and contains a ‘‘supreme interests’’ clause enti- • will thereby have the means to: (a) as- tling any State Party that determines that its sess whether the Treaty is deterring the supreme interests have been jeopardized by conduct of nuclear explosions (in terms extraordinary events related to the subject of yields and number of tests) that could matter of the Treaty to withdraw from the damage U.S. security interests and con- Treaty upon 6-month’s notice. straining the proliferation of nuclear Unless a majority of the Parties decides weapons, and (b) take prompt and ef- otherwise, a Review Conference will be held fective counteraction. 10 years following the Treaty’s entry into My judgment that the CTBT is effectively force and may be held at 10-year intervals verifiable also reflects the belief that U.S. nu- thereafter if the Conference of the States clear deterrence would not be undermined Parties so decides by a majority vote (or more by possible nuclear testing that the United frequently if the Conference of the States States might fail to detect under the Treaty, Parties so decides by a two-thirds vote). bearing in mind that the United States will The Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban derive substantial confidence from other fac- Treaty is of singular significance to the con- tinuing efforts to stem nuclear proliferation tors—the CTBT’s ‘‘supreme national inter- and strengthen regional and global stability. ests’’ clause, the annual certification proce- Its conclusion marks the achievement of the dure for the U.S. nuclear stockpile, and the highest priority item on the international U.S. Safeguards program. arms control and nonproliferation agenda. Its I believe that the Comprehensive Nuclear effective implementation will provide a foun- Test-Ban Treaty is in the best interests of dation on which further efforts to control and the United States. Its provisions will signifi- limit nuclear weapons can be soundly based. cantly further our nuclear nonproliferation By responding to the call for a CTBT by the and arms control objectives and strengthen end of 1996, the Signatory States, and most international security. Therefore, I urge the importantly the nuclear weapon states, have Senate to give early and favorable consider- demonstrated the bona fides of their commit- ation to the Treaty and its advice and consent ment to meaningful arms control measures. to ratification as soon as possible. The monitoring challenges presented by the wide scope of the CTBT exceed those William J. Clinton imposed by any previous nuclear test-related treaty. Our current capability to monitor nu- The White House, clear explosions will undergo significant im- September 22, 1997.

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Remarks Prior to Discussions With 1996 Campaign Financing Foreign Minister Yevgeniy Primakov Q. Mr. President, the Justice Department of Russia and an Exchange With now says it apparently has memos that indi- Reporters in New York City cate you were urged to make another 40 fundraising calls. Sir, what do you recall of September 22, 1997 these memos, and were the calls made or were they not? The President. Let me briefly say that it’s The President. Well, I’ve already said I a pleasure for me to see Foreign Minister don’t know—I haven’t read—I don’t know Primakov here and to renew our relationship what you’re talking about on the memos be- and our dialog. You also know that the Vice cause I haven’t seen them, so I can’t com- President is now in Moscow for his regular ment on that. I’ve already answered about meeting with Prime Minister Chernomyrdin. the calls. And we have a lot of work to do. But I am Let me just say this. I believe what the very encouraged at the progress in our rela- Vice President did and what I did was legal, tionships and in our partnership over the last and I am absolutely certain that we believed year or so. we were acting within the letter of the law. I had a great meeting with President And I’m going to cooperate however I can Yeltsin in Helsinki. We were together again to establish the facts, but I think that’s impor- in Paris and, of course, in Denver. And tant that you and the American people un- among other things, Mr. Primakov and I will derstand that, that I certainly—I believed be discussing our partnership in Bosnia and then and I believe now what we did was legal. our partnership for arms control today— But I am absolutely positive that we intended places where we look forward to greater to be firmly within the letter of the law when progress. we were out there campaigning and raising So I’m glad to see him, and I’m delighted funds as we should have been doing. We had to do that. to have this chance to visit. Would you like to say anything? NOTE: The President spoke at 12:45 p.m. in the Foreign Minister Primakov. Thank you U.S. Mission at the United Nations. In his re- very much for receiving me, Mr. President. marks, he referred to Prime Minister Viktor It is a great honor for me and also a chance Chernomyrdin and President Boris Yeltsin of Rus- to discuss the issues that you have just men- sia. A tape was not available for verification of the content of these remarks. tioned. I’ve brought for you a message from President Yeltsin. This is the reply to your latest message to him. You will see that, for Remarks at a Luncheon Hosted by yourself, it mentions our very big interest in Secretary-General Kofi Annan at the having our relations with the United States United Nations in New York City develop further on many tracks, not just our September 22, 1997 desire to do so but also our willingness. Last night we had a very exciting, very pro- President Udovenko, members of the U.N. ductive talk with the Secretary of State. And Secretariat, my fellow leaders. First let me already, based on that talk, I got a signal com- thank the Secretary-General for his remarks. ing from Moscow—Madam was asking why As some of you may know, after work today I am not being authorized to do certain I will have the pleasure of attending the things. Well, most probably what is at issue opening of the Metropolitan Opera. And I is the protocol, because that’s something that thought I would get into the spirit by singing your Vice President already mentioned. the praises of our host today. [Laughter] Mr. Secretary-General, it would be hard [Laughter] This is to indicate the rapid way to find someone more appropriate to lead the United States operates, and we are far this great organization at this time. Your work Laughter removed, as yet, from that. [ ] and your life have taken you from your native The President. Thank you very much. Ghana to Egypt, Ethiopia, Switzerland, and

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to Minnesota where you first learned about Message on the 50th Anniversary of America. For over three decades, you have the National Security Council given every waking hour to the United Na- September 22, 1997 tions. Better than anyone, you know how this organization works, from its highest office To Past and Present Members down to the grassroots. of the NSC Staff: Most importantly, you have earned your I congratulate you on the 50th anniversary reputation as a peacemaker. From Africa to of the National Security Council. Iraq to Bosnia, your remarkable efforts to During the more than forty years of the turn people from conflict to cooperation have Cold War, you guided our country’s leaders saved thousands of lives. through the brinksmanship of East-West You have seen revolution, war, and starva- confrontation. In the almost ten years since tion, and you have always risen to fight the communism’s collapse, the NSC Staff has suffering they bring. You have witnessed the helped identify the possibilities and protect collapse of the old colonial empires, the end against the perils of our new era. of the cold war, the beginning of this new Indeed, at a time when the world’s increas- ing interdependence challenges us all to new era of great possibility. I hope future histo- patterns of thought and action, the NSC’s rians will look back and say this was a time role is more important than ever. Your sound when the high principles that led to the judgment, advice, and dedication are a key founding of the United Nations at last were part of our ability to seize the opportunities realized—not simply by avoiding bloodshed of the 21st century. Because of your work, and war but also by bringing freedom and our lives are safer, our economy stronger, and opportunity to men and women on every our country more secure. On behalf of a continent, from every background. grateful nation, congratulations and thank Today, through your strong leadership and you. quiet diplomacy, you are serving also as a different kind of peacemaker, bridging the William J. Clinton gaps between the sometimes unruly mem- NOTE: An original was not available for verifica- bers of the United Nations—a group that tion of the content of this message. even on occasion, I must admit, includes the United States. We have applauded your efforts to reform Memorandum on Contributions to the United Nations, and we have particularly the International Fund for Ireland appreciated your efforts to explain those re- September 22, 1997 forms to the American people. Deep down, our people care deeply about the U.N., and Presidential Determination No. 97–33 with you at the helm we are moving ahead to a new era of partnership. Memorandum for the Secretary of State Finally, let me note that article one of the Subject: Presidential Determination to charter calls the United Nations a center for Permit U.S. Contributions to the harmonizing. International Fund for Ireland with Fiscal I would like to ask all of you to join me Year 1996 and 1997 Funds in a toast to Kofi Annan, Secretary-General Pursuant to section 5(c) of the Anglo-Irish of the United Nations. May we always act Agreement Support Act of 1986 (Public Law in concert to achieve the harmony the found- 99–415), I hereby certify that I am satisfied ers dreamed of, the harmony he has worked that: (1) the Board of the International Fund so hard to realize. for Ireland as established pursuant to the Anglo-Irish Agreement of November 15, NOTE: The President spoke at 2 p.m. in the North 1985, is, as a whole, broadly representative Delegates Lounge. of the interests of the communities in Ireland and Northern Ireland; and (2) disbursements

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from the International Fund for Ireland (a) Congress and to arrange for its publication will be distributed in accordance with the in the Federal Register. principle of equality of opportunity and non- William J. Clinton discrimination in employment, without re- gard to religious affiliation, and (b) will ad- NOTE: This memorandum was released by the Of- dress the needs of both communities in fice of the Press Secretary on September 23. Northern Ireland. You are authorized and directed to trans- mit this determination, together with the at- Letter to Congressional Leaders on tached statement setting forth a detailed ex- Iraq planation of the basis for this certification, September 23, 1997 to the Congress. This determination shall be effective im- Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) mediately and shall be published in the Fed- Consistent with the Authorization for Use eral Register. of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102–1) and as part of my effort William J. Clinton to keep the Congress fully informed, I am reporting on the status of efforts to obtain Iraq’s compliance with the resolutions adopt- NOTE: This memorandum was released by the Of- fice of the Press Secretary on September 23. ed by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). This report covers the period from July 9 to the present. Saddam Hussein remains a threat to his Memorandum on Funding for the people and the region, and the United States African Crisis Response Initiative remains determined to contain the threat September 22, 1997 posed by his regime. Secretary of State Albright stated on March 26 that the United Presidential Determination No. 97–34 States looks forward to the day when Iraq rejoins the family of nations as a responsible Memorandum for the Secretary of State and law-abiding member but until then, con- tainment must continue. Secretary Albright Subject: Transfer of $4 million in FY 1997 made clear that Saddam’s departure would Economic Support Funds to the make a difference and that, should a change Peacekeeping Operations Account to in Iraq’s government occur, the United Support the African Crisis Response States would stand ready to enter rapidly into Initiative a dialogue with the successor regime. Pursuant to the authority vested in me by In terms of military operations, the United section 610(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act States and its coalition partners continue to of 1961, as amended (the ‘‘Act’’), I hereby enforce the no-fly zones over northern Iraq determine that it is necessary for the pur- under Operation Northern Watch and over poses of the Act that $4 million of funds southern Iraq through Operation Southern made available under Chapter 4 of Part II Watch. We have not detected any confirmed, of the Act for fiscal year 1997 be transferred intentional Iraqi violations of either no-fly to, and consolidated with, funds made avail- zone during the period of this report. We able under Chapter 6 of Part II of the Act. have repeatedly made clear to the Govern- I hereby authorize the use in fiscal year ment of Iraq and to all other relevant parties 1997 of the aforesaid $4 million in funds that the United States and its partners will made available under Chapter 4 of Part II continue to enforce both no-fly zones, and of the Act to provide peacekeeping assistance that we reserve the right to respond appro- to support countries participating in the Afri- priately and decisively to any Iraqi provo- can Crisis Response Initiative. cations. You are hereby authorized and directed to In addition to our air operations, we will report this determination immediately to the continue to maintain a strong U.S. presence

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in the region in order to deter Iraq. United intentions by complying with its obligations States force levels include land- and carrier- under UNSC resolutions. based aircraft, surface warships, a Marine We anticipate the UNSCOM and IAEA amphibious task force, a Patriot missile bat- 6-month reports to the Security Council, due talion, and a mechanized battalion task force October 11, which will record their conclu- deployed in support of USCINCCENT oper- sions regarding whether the Government of ations. To enhance force protection through- Iraq has provided the ‘‘substantial compli- out the region, additional military security ance’’ called for in UNSCR 1115 of June 21, personnel have been deployed for continu- 1997—especially regarding immediate, un- ous rotation. USCINCCENT continues to conditional, and unrestricted access to facili- monitor closely the security situation in the ties for inspection and to officials for inter- region to ensure adequate force protection views. is provided for all deployed forces. The United States is committed to provid- United Nations Security Council Resolu- ing first-class professional support to tion (UNSCR) 949, adopted in October UNSCOM and the IAEA in the conduct of 1994, demands that Iraq not use its military their highly technical work in Iraq, so that or any other forces to threaten its neighbors both organizations are staffed and equipped or U.N. operations in Iraq and that it not to conduct objective and accurate inspections redeploy troops or enhance its military ca- in order to determine whether Iraq has, or pacity in southern Iraq. In view of Saddam’s has not, complied with its obligations in the accumulating record of unreliability, it is pru- field of WMD. dent to retain a significant U.S. force pres- Implementation of UNSCR 1051 contin- ence in the region in order to maintain the ues. It provides for a mechanism to monitor Iraq’s effort to reacquire proscribed weapons capability to respond rapidly to possible Iraqi capabilities by requiring that Iraq notify a aggression or threats against its neighbors. joint unit of UNSCOM and the IAEA in ad- Since my last report, the Government of vance of any imports of dual-use items. Simi- Iraq has continued to flout its obligations larly, U.N. members must provide timely no- under UNSC resolutions. During the last 60 tification of exports to Iraq of dual-use items. days, the Government of Iraq has continued Regarding northern Iraq, the United to fail to fully disclose its programs for weap- States continues to lead efforts to increase ons of mass destruction (WMD). Without security and stability in the north and mini- such full disclosure—mandated by Security mize opportunities for Baghdad or Tehran Council Resolutions 687, 707, and 715—the to threaten Iraqi citizens there. An important U.N. Special Commission (UNSCOM) and part of this effort has been to work toward the International Atomic Energy Agency resolving the differences between the two (IAEA) cannot effectively conduct the ongo- main Iraqi Kurd groups, the Kurdistan ing monitoring and verification mandated by Democratic Party (KDP), led by Massoud relevant UNSC resolutions. UNSCOM and Barzani, and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan the IAEA continue to provide Iraq every op- (PUK), led by Jalal Talabani. Talabani visited portunity for full disclosure. What Iraq will the United States in late July to meet with not disclose, UNSCOM and IAEA will try National Security Advisor Sandy Berger, to discover, in an effort to fill in the huge Under Secretary of State Thomas Pickering, gaps in Iraq’s declarations. and U.N. Ambassador Bill Richardson. At Iraqi threats, lying, and hiding during the these sessions, he reaffirmed his interest in past 6 years have not deterred UNSCOM the ‘‘Ankara process’’ of ongoing reconcili- and IAEA dedication to their mandates. ation talks jointly sponsored by the United While some nations have begun to display States, the United Kingdom, and Turkey. Re- sanctions-fatigue, the United States remains cently, the KDP’s Barzani has also accepted committed to sanctions enforcement. We our invitation to Washington. shall continue to oppose any suggestion that As part of the Ankara process, the United the sanctions regime should be modified or States provides political, financial, and lifted before Iraq demonstrates its peaceful logistical support to the neutral, indigenous

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Peace Monitoring Force (PMF), comprised The oil-for-food arrangement under of Iraqi Turkomans and Assyrians. The PMF UNSCR 986 was reauthorized by UNSCR has demarcated and monitors the cease-fire 1111 on June 4, 1997, and went into effect line established between the two Kurdish on June 8, 1997. Under UNSCR 1111, Iraq groups in October 1996. United States sup- is authorized to sell up to $1 billion worth port takes the form of services and commod- of oil every 90 days, for a total of $2 billion ities provided in accordance with a during a 180-day period (with the possibility drawdown that I directed on December 11, of UNSC renewal for subsequent 180-day 1996, and funds for other nonlethal assist- periods). Resolution 1111, like its prede- ance provided in accordance with a separate cessor, requires that the proceeds of this lim- determination made by former Secretary of ited oil sale, all of which must be deposited State Christopher on November 10, 1996. in a U.N. escrow account, will be used to The PMF also helps the Iraqi Kurds move purchase food, medicine, and other material forward on other confidence-building meas- and supplies for essential civilian needs for ures, including joint committee meetings to all Iraqi citizens and to fund vital U.N. activi- address a range of civilian services and hu- ties regarding Iraq. Critical to the success of manitarian issues affecting all residents of the UNSCR 1111 is Iraq’s willingness to follow north. Local representatives of the two Kurd- through on its commitments under the reso- ish groups, the three co-sponsors of the An- lution to allow the U.N. to monitor the dis- kara process and the PMF continue to meet tribution of humanitarian goods to the Iraqi at least biweekly in Ankara to discuss, inter people. Although UNSCR 1111 went into ef- alia, other confidence-building measures. fect on June 8, Iraq unilaterally suspended The PMF began full deployment in mid- oil sales until a new distribution plan was sub- April 1997 and its size is expected to double mitted and approved. The U.N. Secretary later this year to more than 400. The PMF General approved a distribution plan on Au- continues to investigate and resolve reported gust 13 and oil sales have resumed. cease-fire violations. Its work has become Iraq continues to stall and obfuscate rather more difficult as elements of the terrorist than work in good faith toward accounting Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) have moved for the hundreds of Kuwaitis and third-coun- from the Turkish border toward the PUK– try nationals who disappeared at the hands KDP cease-fire line. The KDP alleges that of Iraqi authorities during the occupation. It PKK elements have been operating across has also failed to return all of the stolen Ku- the cease-fire line to attack the KDP. The waiti military equipment and the priceless KDP also alleges that the PUK has joined Kuwaiti cultural and historical artifacts that in some of these attacks, a charge that the were looted during the occupation. PUK denies. The United States, together The human rights situation throughout with the United Kingdom and Turkey, con- Iraq remains unchanged. Iraq’s repression of tinues to stress the importance of strict ob- its Shi’a population continues, with policies servance of the cease-fire. that are destroying the Marsh Arabs’ way of Another important aspect of our commit- life in southern Iraq and the ecology of the ment to the people of northern Iraq is in southern marshes. The U.N., in its most re- providing humanitarian relief for those in cent reports on implementation of UNSCR need. As part of this commitment, AID’s Of- 986, recognized that the Government of Iraq fice of Foreign Disaster Assistance will direct continues forcibly to deport Iraqi citizens an additional $4 million for relief projects to from Kirkuk and other areas of northern Iraq the region. These supplemental programs, still under the Iraqi government’s control. announced July 31, will provide emergency The Government of Iraq shows no signs of health and nutritional support to 80,000 dis- complying with UNSCR 688, which demands placed women and children and improve that Iraq cease the repression of its own peo- water supplies and sanitation, particularly in ple. The effort by various Iraqi opposition the PUK-controlled province of groups and non-governmental organizations Suleymaniyah. to document Iraqi war crimes and other vio-

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lations of international humanitarian law, the proceeds from the oil sales permitted by known as INDICT, continues. UNSCR 986 have been allocated to the The Multinational Interception Force Compensation Fund to pay awards and to (MIF) continues its important mission in the finance operations of the UNCC, and these Arabian Gulf. The United States Navy pro- proceeds will continue to be allocated to the vides the bulk of the forces involved in the Fund under UNSCR 1111. To the extent that maritime sanctions enforcement authorized money is available in the Compensation under UNSCR 665, although we receive Fund, initial payments to each claimant are much-needed help from a number of close authorized for awards in the order in which allies. In recent months, ships from The the UNCC has approved them, in install- Netherlands, Canada, New Zealand, and the ments of $2,500.00. United Kingdom have participated in MIF Iraq remains a serious threat to regional operations. We continue active pursuit of peace and stability. I remain determined to broad-based international participation in see Iraq comply fully with all of its obliga- these operations. tions under U.N. Security Council resolu- Illegal smuggling of Iraqi gasoil from the tions. My Administration will continue to op- Shatt Al Arab waterway continues to increase pose any relaxation of sanctions until Iraq at an alarming rate. We now estimate that demonstrates its peaceful intentions through over 150,000 metric tons of gasoil each such compliance. month is exported from Iraq in violation of I appreciate the support of the Congress UNSCR 661. The smugglers use the terri- for our efforts and shall continue to keep the torial waters of Iran with the complicity of Congress informed about this important the Iranian government that profits from issue. charging protection fees for these vessels to Sincerely, avoid interception by the MIF in inter- national waters. Cash raised from these ille- William J. Clinton gal operations is used to purchase contraband goods that are then smuggled back into Iraq NOTE: Identical letters were sent to Newt Ging- by the same route. We continue to brief the rich, Speaker of the House of Representatives, U.N. Sanctions Committee regarding these and Strom Thurmond, President pro tempore of operations and have pressed the Committee the Senate. to compel Iran to give a full accounting of its involvement. We have also worked closely with our MIF partners and Gulf Cooperation Message to the Senate Transmitting Council states to take measures to curb sanc- tions-breaking operations. A recent spill of the Protocol to the Canada-United illegal Iraqi gasoil caused the desalinization States Taxation Convention plant in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates September 23, 1997 (UAE), to suspend operation for 2 days, high- lighting the environmental threat these ac- To the Senate of the United States: tivities pose to Gulf states. Recent announce- I transmit herewith for Senate advice and ments by the Government of the UAE that consent to ratification the Protocol Amend- it intends to crack down on smugglers who ing the Convention Between the United operate UAE-flagged vessels has been States of America and Canada with Respect backed up by strong actions against violators to Taxes on Income and on Capital Signed detained by the MIF. at Washington on September 26, 1980 as The United Nations Compensation Com- Amended by the Protocols Signed on June mission (UNCC), established pursuant to 14, 1983, March 28, 1984 and March 17, UNSCR 687, continues to resolve claims 1995, signed at Ottawa on July 29, 1997. This against Iraq arising from Iraq’s unlawful inva- Protocol modified the taxation of social secu- sion and occupation of Kuwait. The UNCC rity benefits and the taxation of gains from has issued almost 1.1 million awards worth the sale of shares of foreign real-property approximately $5.9 billion. Thirty percent of holding companies.

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I recommend that the Senate give early Remarks to the AFL–CIO and favorable consideration to this Protocol Convention in Pittsburgh, and give its advice and consent to ratification. Pennsylvania William J. Clinton September 24, 1997 The White House, Thank you very much. I am delighted to September 23, 1997. be here. Thank you for the warm welcome. Thank you for the fast introduction. [Laugh- ter] Message to the Senate Transmitting The last time I spoke at your convention the India-United States Extradition it was 2 days before you elected John and Rich and Linda. And I must say, from the Treaty and Documentation outside, it seems to me that they have done September 23, 1997 a remarkable job, and I know that you must be very, very proud of them. To the Senate of the United States: I am delighted to be here with Secretary With a view to receiving the advice and Herman and Deputy Secretary Kitty Higgins consent of the Senate to ratification, I trans- and Secretary Slater—a number of other mit herewith the Extradition Treaty Between members of the administration. I should the Government of the United States of mention one other, the successor at the America and the Government of the Repub- White House to Alexis Herman, former As- lic of India, signed at Washington on June sistant Secretary of Labor for Wage and 25, 1997. Hours Maria Echaveste. We’re all glad to be In addition, I transmit, for the information here. of the Senate, a related exchange of letters I also want to say right at the outset that signed the same date and the report of the I am very glad that you voted to support cam- Department of State with respect to the paign finance reform. Now there will be a Treaty. As the report states, the Treaty will vote on the Senate floor, and that will be not require implementing legislation. a time of testing. But I have made clear The provisions in this Treaty follow gen- where I stand. All 45 of our Democratic Sen- erally the form and content of extradition ators have made clear where they stand. You treaties recently concluded by the United have now made clear where you stand. We States. will soon see where the Senate stands, and Upon entry into force, this Treaty would then where the House stands. This is a good enhance cooperation between the law en- time to make our campaign finance laws bet- forcement authorities of both countries, and ter, and I thank you for your crucial role in thereby make a significant contribution to it. international law enforcement efforts. With On a very personal word, I might say, I respect to the United States and India, the came in a few moments ago and I was able Treaty would supersede the Treaty for the to hear Sandy Feldman, and hear your trib- Mutual Extradition of Criminals between the ute to our friend, Al Shanker. And I cannot United States of America and Great Britain, tell you how much I appreciate that. Under signed at London December 22, 1931, which his leadership, and Sandy’s, the AFT has was made applicable to India on March 9, been a constant supporter of educational op- 1942, and is currently applied by the United portunity and educational excellence—a States and India. clear signal that working professionals can be I recommend that the Senate give early organized for the objectives, the legitimate and favorable consideration to the Treaty and objectives of the union movement. And one give its advice and consent to ratification. of these objectives would be excellence on the job. And there is no more important William J. Clinton place to have excellence on the job than in The White House, educating our children. So I’m very, very September 23, 1997. grateful for the AFT and for Sandy Feldman.

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With your new leadership team and the new strategy to shrink the deficit and balance new energy I feel, of the presidents who are the budget, invest in our people and lower here on this great stage, and all of you in unfair trade barriers to our goods and serv- the audience, your members back home, it ices. The philosophy was solid and simple: is clear that American labor once again has Remove the impediments that have re- a clear voice and you are making it heard. strained the American people and give them You made it heard loud and proud in the the tools and training to help them race boardrooms of United Parcel Service. You ahead. By reducing the Nation’s massive made it heard in the halls of the Capitol, deficits, we could free our people of the standing up to a barrage of anti-worker legis- deadweight that slowed their every step from lation. the early 1980’s. By investing in their edu- You’re making it heard in the strawberry cation and health, we would enable them to and mushroom fields of California, in the run fast and strong over the long run. By fiery tones of Arturo Rodriguez, with noble reducing trade barriers, we would knock echoes of Cesar Chavez. You’re making it down the unfairly high hurdles that we have heard in nursing homes in Minnesota, giving had to leap over for far too long, and build new strength to women workers. And you’re bridges to new democracies with growing making it heard right here in Pittsburgh economies to ensure our leadership for peace through the steelworkers biggest organizing and freedom well into the next century. campaign in more than 60 years. This must The strategy has succeeded: nearly 13 mil- be a proud time for the men and women lion new jobs; America leading the world in of the AFL–CIO. auto production once again; unemployment Our Nation can clearly see and hear that below 5 percent; over a million new construc- American labor is back. Thanks in no small tion jobs, a half a million transportation jobs, part to your leadership in the workplace and a half a million new jobs for machine opera- your involvement in the political process, tors, auto jobs having the fastest increase America is back, too. since Lyndon Johnson’s administration; the Six years ago, when I announced my can- biggest drop in welfare rolls in history, with didacy for President, I said that America had welfare reform that is tough on work, but a vital mission for the 21st century—to keep prochild and pro-family; dramatic drops in the American dream alive for every person crime year after year, putting 100,000 more responsible enough to work for it, to keep community police officers on the street and America the world’s strongest force for peace the Brady bill preventing 250,000 sales of and freedom and prosperity, and to bring our handguns to people with criminal or mental people together across all the lines that di- health histories that indicates they should not vide us into one America. America’s oldest, have them. We know we have more to do, most incandescent ideals—opportunity for but together we have made progressive gov- all, responsibility from all, a community of ernment work again. all—that is what has to illuminate our path Let’s look at three crucial elements of our as we stride forward to address the chal- economic strategy, reducing the deficit, in- lenges of a new era. vesting in our people, expanding exports. I pledged then to take America in a new First, deficit reduction. Back in 1993, when direction—toward the future, not the past; I introduced our first deficit reduction plan, toward unity, not division; with America lead- we both knew it was important to get our ing, not following; putting people and values, fiscal house in order, and we did it the right not power politics, first; reforming Govern- way. We did it while increasing investments ment not to do everything or do nothing, but in our people. And we did it without a single to give all our people the tools they need Republican vote, cutting the huge deficit of to make the most of their own lives; and be- $290 billion 87 percent before the new bal- ginning by building an economy that works anced budget law passed. for all, not the few. After a new majority took control of Con- We started with a new economic policy for gress in 1994, they tried to cut the deficit the new economy, putting in place a bold in the wrong way. They sent me a budget

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that made unjustifiably deep cuts in Medi- should have been. We were sharing our pros- care, that increased taxes on working Ameri- perity and growing together. cans, that allowed corporations to raid their Then, unfortunately, we began to grow workers’ pensions, that cut enforcement of apart, partly because of developments in the worker safety laws, that slashed funding for global economy, historic developments that education and training by $30 billion. With could not be reversed and offer us great op- your support, I vetoed that budget and the portunity if we seize them, partly I believe, veto was upheld. because of wrong-headed policies in the Later, when they pushed a balanced budg- United States Government throughout the et with a harmful independent contractor 1980’s. provision, a misguided privatization scheme Fortunately, now it looks like our hard for Medicaid, and a shameful plan to deny work and your hard work is paying off and workfare participants the minimum wage, America is starting to grow together again. you and I stood firm together. We stood firm I believe the general sense that this should together. And I thank you for your support be so is one of the reasons for the renewed for that opposition. success and receptivity of the efforts that you I believe this balanced budget that I signed are making all over America. honors our workers and our values and our But we cannot rest. We cannot rest until future. And I will explain by going to the every single American has a fair chance to second element of our economic strategy, in- reap the rewards of the American economy. vesting in our people. In the new economy, That is why, above all, investing in people the most precious resources America has are means giving every American the best edu- the skills and securities of working Ameri- cation in the world. cans. Here, too, we are succeeding. After Our balanced budget includes the largest decades of working harder and longer for increase in aid to education since 1965, when lower wages, millions of working Americans President Johnson was in office, and the big- finally are getting a raise. And it’s about time. gest increase to help people go on to college Since I took office, the yearly income of since the GI bill was passed 50 years ago. the typical family is up $1,600. Wages are The budget has $1 billion more for Head rising again. In 1995 and 1996, over half the Start; more money to help our schools new jobs created in this economy paid above achieve excellence; the America Reads pro- the average wage. With your strong support, gram to mobilize a million volunteers, orga- we also increased the minimum wage and nized by our national service program, dramatically increased the earned-income tax AmeriCorps, which has already given 70,000 credit—it is now worth about $1,000 a year young people a chance to work and serve in to the typical family of four with an income their communities and earn the money for of less than $30,000. And this summer, I college. It contains money to help connect signed into law a $500-per-child tax credit every classroom and library in this country that will mean $1,000 in take-home pay for to the Internet by the year 2000. It also con- a typical family with two children. And I tains a new HOPE scholarship to guarantee didn’t sign the bill until we made it work access to all Americans to at least 2 years for rookie police officers, teachers, and oth- of college; other tuition tax credits for all col- ers of modest means the Republican majority lege and skills training; an IRA you can with- would have left out of their budget and tax draw from, tax-free, to pay for your own edu- cut plans. cation or your children’s education; the big- From 1945 until the mid-1970’s, all of us gest increase in Pell grants in two decades; grew together in America. Each group of our a million, total, work-study slots now; and economy, from the lowest 20 percent to the doubling aid for dislocated workers. highest, increased their incomes, but actu- When you put all this together, we can ally, in percentage terms, those in the bottom really say for the first time in the history of 40 percent grew slightly faster than those in this country, we have opened the doors of the upper 40 percent. And that was as it college education to every American who is

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willing to work for it. Money will not be an We are making progress in this country in obstacle again. education. The teachers of this country are There is still a lot to do. First of all, we doing a better job, the principals are doing have to pass every year for the next 5 years a better job, parents are steadily getting more the funds necessary to make good on the involved. We are learning how to come to budget agreement. Secondly, we have got to grips with all the social problems that our increase the quality of education in our pub- kids bring to school. This year, on inter- lic schools. I have sought to provide more national exams, a representative sample of options to parents in public school through our children by race, by region, by income— public school choice and allowing teachers for the first time the fourth graders scored to organize new charter schools within public above the global average in mathematics and school districts. But I also know we need na- science. So I know all children can learn, and tional standards. Every other major economy I know we’ve got people who can do the job. in the world educates its children according We just have to support them and bear down, to national academic standards. And I have and do more of the kinds of things that we called for national standards and voluntary know will work. national exams to begin with fourth-grade Al Shanker, for his whole adult life, advo- reading and eighth-grade math to see how cated national standards and meaningful our children are doing. Voluntary exams de- measures and then all the efforts necessary veloped not by politicians, but by a non-polit- to give every kid in this country a chance ical board; not by the Department of Edu- to learn. And I am not going to back away cation, but financially supported by the De- from this if it takes me every last minute of partment of Education. the next 3 years and however many months There are those who say no to this, no to and days I’ve got left. And you ought to be standards, no to the idea that we ought to there, too, because there’s nothing more im- have accountability. Some of them, frankly, portant for the future of this country than don’t believe all our children can learn. Some giving our kids a decent education. of them see some dark plot to take over local Investing in our people also means pro- schools. All I see is reading is the same in tecting the rights of workers, to demand their Minnesota as it is in Maine, and mathematics rights. Over the past 4 years, we’ve defeated is the same in Washington as it is in Florida. callous attempts to repeal prevailing wage And our children had better know it if they laws, to bring back company unions, to weak- expect to compete in the world of the 21st en occupational safety laws. We cracked century. down on sweatshops and fought to protect There are also those in the Congress who your pension funds and make pensions more say no to every effort we make to expand portable. I have vetoed every piece of educational opportunity—those who failed to antilabor legislation that has crossed my desk, close the Department of Education, but and I will continue to do so. [Applause] would still like to cut it down; those who still Thank you. would reduce our commitment to scholar- A lot of the people pushing these bills have ships and grants and shut down completely missed the main point. The key to success innovative initiatives, like America Reads, in tomorrow’s economy is people, and you even though we know—we know—that 40 cannot move into the 21st century by restor- percent of our third graders still cannot read ing the labor policies of the 19th century. independently on their own. We know that, I will oppose it, you will oppose it, and we and we cannot afford to back up. We need will prevail. to bear down. In that context, let me just say one more So I need to ask your help again on edu- word about the UPS strike. I and, indeed, cation in the tough days ahead. With your my entire administration believe deeply in help we can open up opportunity, build up the collective bargaining process. In the UPS education, and shake up the status quo crowd strike, collective bargaining worked. UPS and that fights every effort we make to lift up the Teamsters reached an historic settlement our children. that recognizes that companies have to invest

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in their workers in order to be competitive so passionately about it. And I think I’ve in the 21st century. I did the right thing to earned the right to be heard on it. let the process work. The parties got to- Fast-track authority is a tool that has been gether, they worked through it and we got given by Democratic Congresses to Repub- a good result. [Applause] Thank you. lican Presidents and Presidents, indeed, of Investing in people also means expanding both parties for more than 20 years now. It access to health care, quality health care. The simply says that if the President or his rep- family and medical leave law that you worked resentative, his trade representative, nego- so hard for, the very first bill I signed as tiates a trade agreement, then the Congress President, ensures that millions of people has to vote on it if it rises to the level of don’t have to choose between being good comprehensive agreement, but must vote it parents and good workers. I still hear from up or down, so that the other country does citizens as I travel across the country and just not believe it is having to negotiate with 535 stop at airports, or in crowds in communities people in addition to the person with whom and shake hands—people still come up to they negotiated. me and say, that law changed my life, saved We cannot create enough good jobs and my family, has meant more to me than any- increase wages if we don’t expand trade. thing the Government has done in my life. There’s a simple reason why. Indeed, about It is a good thing, and I thank you for your a third of the economic growth that has pro- support of it. duced 13 million new jobs over the past 41⁄2 The Kennedy-Kassebaum law helps mil- years has come from selling more American lions to keep their health care if they take products overseas. Here’s why: We have 4 a new job or if someone in their family gets percent of the world’s population and we sick. The new balanced budget spends $24 enjoy 22 percent of the world’s wealth. If billion to expand health care to 5 million of we want to keep the 22 percent of the wealth the most vulnerable Americans—5 million we have as 4 percent of the world’s people, children almost all in working families, with- we have to sell something to the other 96 out health insurance. That is the largest in- percent. vestment in health care since the creation And this did not happen by accident. of Medicaid in 1965. Never—never—would There were over 220 trade agreements this have happened unless you had helped signed in the first 4 years of this administra- me wage the fight we waged and lost to give tion. In the over 20 agreements signed with health insurance to every American family Japan, in those areas, our exports went up that doesn’t have it. And sometimes you have by over 80 percent. to lose a battle. I’m glad we fought for it. The information technology agreement I’m proud that you helped me. And those that we just signed, worldwide, covering 90 kids are going to get insurance because of percent of information technology services in the issues we raised in 1994. the world, under residual fast-track authority Finally, I ask for your support to help me that covered that area, amounts to a $5-bil- pass sweeping legislation to keep tobacco, lion tax or tariff cut on American products— our number one health problem, out of the high value-added products, many of which hands of our children. The health of our chil- are made by union workers. dren is my bottom line and I believe it should Now, in the next 15 years, the developing be the bottom line of the tobacco industry countries in Latin America and Asia will grow as well. three times as fast as the United States, Eu- The final component of our three-part rope, and Japan. As I told the United Nations economic strategy, one that is just as essential a couple of days ago, early in the next cen- for the future growth and the future wage tury, about 20 nations comprising half of the growth of our economy, is our continuing world’s people will move from the ranks of work to open new markets and give Amer- low income nations to middle income na- ican workers a fair break. I know we don’t tions. They are going to grow in a world econ- see eye-to-eye on fast track, but I think I omy. We are going to participate in that owe it to you to tell you exactly why I feel growth to a greater or lesser extent. The

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more fair trade deals we have to allow us behind. Everybody should have the right to entry into their markets where we’ve been keep a good job and to go into tomorrow. at a significant disadvantage for too long, the But we can only do that with a growing more we will participate. population if we continue to grow the econ- You know that our own markets are among omy. So the trick is to get the right economic the most open in the world. We were able growth package, to create the right mix of to get 220 trade agreements in the first 4 new jobs, to try to make sure always more years because we made people know that if than half of your new jobs are paying above they wanted access to our open markets, they average wage, and not leave people behind. were going to have to open theirs. We have It’s not easy to do, but this administration to insist upon this treatment. If we don’t act is committed to doing it. And I think we have and we don’t lead, nobody else will level the demonstrated that commitment time and playing field for us. again. Indeed, our competitors in the other We also have to recognize that the global wealthy countries, in Europe and Japan, economy is on a fast track. It is changing would just as soon we not make these trade amazingly. For example, every month—every agreements. They can make them because month—millions and millions of new con- they read the same predictions we do—they tacts are made on the Internet—every single know that their economies are only going to month. It’s exploding like nothing ever has, grow a third as fast as the ones in Latin creating all kinds of networks of commerce and bringing people close together in new America and Asia as well, and they are look- and unusual ways. We have to figure out how ing for some way in to protect their workers to make this work for us. If it doesn’t work and their longtime economic security. for us, it will work against us. We can compete if given a fair chance. I believe leaving our trade relations on Last year, I had a chance to visit the Jeep hold with the fastest growing economies in Cherokee plant in Toledo, a UAW plant pro- the world will not create a single job in Amer- ducing tens of thousands of right-wheel-drive ica, and it certainly won’t raise environmental jeeps for export to Japan and other markets standards or labor standards in other coun- we thought hard to open up for them. They tries. This year—this year alone, so far, two- have 700 new jobs at that plant, and I think thirds of the increase in America’s trade has it’s the oldest auto plant in the United States come from Canada to the southern tip of of America still operating. The global econ- South America, our neighbors—two-thirds. omy is working for them. I am determined We could do better. This year, leaders from to see that it works for everyone. Europe have gone to South America to tell Should we ask other people to adhere to them that the United States no longer cares global standards on the environment? Of about their markets or the cooperation and course, we should. I think you could make leadership that goes along with working with a strong case that no administration has done them. They say that their future should be more to preserve and protect the environ- with Europe, and they should organize to ment against onslaughts than ours has. give Europe considerations and breaks in Should we acknowledge that global trade can opening their markets and leave us out. pull the rug out from some of our people? Now, think about it. Think about Chile or Of course, it could. At every period of eco- Brazil or Argentina. Their markets are more nomic change in our country’s history, that closed to us than ours are to them. We still has happened to people. The difference is are selling more just because they’re growing that we have to be committed to give more so much. But we know they’ll grow a lot more aid, to do more for people who are suffering, over the next 10 to 20 years. They now need who are displaced. Because nobody should things that we sell and things that your peo- be left behind in the global economy—no- ple produce better than any other group of body. That’s why we double funding for dis- people in the world. placed workers. That’s why I know we have This is not about NAFTA or factories mov- to do more. We don’t have to leave people ing there to sell back to here. I think all of

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us agree it is highly unlikely anyone will move fought with you against the contract on a factory to Chile to sell back to here. This America. They fought with you against at- is about how we can best seize our opportuni- tempts to repeal the prevailing wage laws, ties in the economy that is emerging and how to weaken unions and workplace health and 4 percent of the world’s people can continue safety laws. They did so in the face of intense to maintain 20 to 22 percent of the world’s pressure. They have fought for you and for wealth and continue to grow the economy all working people, and they deserve our sup- so incomes can rise and new jobs can be cre- port. If they were to lose their positions be- ated. cause they stood up for what they believe Now, I know this is a difficult debate, and was right for America’s future, who would I know we disagree about it. But the debate replace them and how much harder would over fair trade and fast track should itself be it be to get the necessary votes in Congress fair. It should also be open and honest. I have to back the President when he stands by you personally sat alone in the White House and against the majority? listened to talk shows where your representa- America is far better off when the friends tives were on the shows, because I wanted of working people stand together without let- to hear the arguments and hear the concerns ting one issue trump all the others. Friends and know the things that you want. And you and allies don’t participate in the politics of know we have had exhaustive numbers of abandonment. They band together, disagree- meetings between the administration and ing when they must but banding together. leaders of the labor movement. We ought to I pledge to do that, and hope you will, too. have an open, fair, and honest debate. We We’ve got a lot to do in education, in making are trying to move as much as we can on sure Medicare and Social Security are there a lot of the concerns that you have raised. for the next generation of parents, in bridging But I also want to say that I think we share the divide of race and all of the differences too many values and priorities to let this dis- that are now taking place in this country. agreement damage our partnership. You just That’s an area where you’ve always been out think of all of the things that I reeled off front, and I want to close with that, because that we’ve done together and all of the things you can help, perhaps more than almost any we’ve stood against in the last 5 years. I have other group in America, to bridge the divides worked to make this economy work for mid- and to preserve the bonds of community. dle-class Americans. I care about making When I leave you, I’m going home to Ar- sure everybody has a chance and making sure kansas, and tomorrow I will try to focus our nobody is left behind. But I can’t build a bet- Nation on a haunting but hopeful moment ter future without the tools to do the job, in our country’s struggle to make America and America can’t lead if it’s bringing up the the Nation live up to America the idea—a rear. day, 40 years ago, when nine brave African- At the moment of our greatest economic American boys and girls, shielded from a success in an entire generation, we shouldn’t hateful crowd by United States Army para- be reluctant about the future. We ought to troopers, walked through the doors of Little seize it and shape it. And I think I also have Rock Central High School for the first time. to say to you that there are a lot of good I will honor the courage and vision of those Members of Congress who agree with me whose eyes were fixed on the prize of equal about our trade policy who also stood for the educational opportunity without regard to minimum wage. They agree with me about race. our trade policy, but they fought to provide There are still a lot of doors we have to health care for 5 million more kids. They sup- open. There are still some doors we have to port open trade, but they also fought to pro- open wider. And now, unfortunately, there tect Medicare and Medicaid and education are some doors we’ve got to work hard from and the environment and to open the doors being shut again. There is also a new reality of college to all Americans. we’re all going to have to come to grips with And when the majority in Congress want- that very few Americans have thought about. ed to do so, they stood against them and It will change the workplace. It will change

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communities. It will change the way we do right to organize and fight for a better life. our business as citizens. That reality is that Because they imagined it and because they we are not simply a black-white nation; we worked for it, it’s the America we’re living are not simply a black-Hispanic-Native- in today. American-white nation. Instead, we are a na- Now it is up to us to imagine the America tion now of nearly all the peoples of the of the 21st century. And on every issue I dis- world, with greater diversity in how we work cussed today, that is all I ask you to do. Imag- and live together and greater integration in ine it, based on what we now know. Imagine how we work and live together than virtually an America in which every child has a world- any other democracy on Earth. And within class education, in which every family can the ranks of Caucasians and blacks and fairly balance the demands of work and Latinos and Asians, there is increasing ethnic childrearing, in which we lift living standards and cultural diversity. here and around the world, in which we learn As we become the most diverse democracy to grow our economy and preserve the com- on Earth—and make no mistake about it, we mon environment which is our home, in are becoming that—today, only Hawaii has which our oldest values of opportunity, re- no majority race. Within a decade, probably sponsibility and community guide us into a within 4 or 5 years, California, our largest new time of greatest opportunity. State with 13 percent of our population, will As American working men and women have no majority race. And sometime before have shown time and time again, if we imag- the next century is half done, America will ine it and we work at it, we will build it, have no majority race. Are we going to em- an America for our children, always eager for brace this? Are we going to say that we cele- tomorrow. You have brought new energy to brate our diversity, but we’re united by some- the labor movement. You have brought new thing more important? Or are we going to energy to America. Let us work to build that let it get away from us and drift off into little into a future we can be proud of. enclaves and weaken our country and our fu- Thank you, and God bless you. ture and our children’s future? You’re in a unique position to help. NOTE: The President spoke at 10:25 a.m. in the Labor has a tradition here, established by Convention Hall at the David Lawrence Conven- visionaries like A. Philip Randolph and Wal- tion Center. In his remarks, he referred to John ter Reuther. Labor has helped generations J. Sweeney, president, Richard Trumka, secretary general, and Linda Chavez-Thompson, vice presi- of African-Americans and new immigrants to dent, AFL-CIO; Sandra Feldman, president, gain dignity and respect. Your members American Federation of Teachers; and Arturo reached across racial and ethnic lines to fight Rodriquez, president, United Farm Workers of for a common future and personal dignity. America. Few institutions in America can claim any- thing like the record of the labor movement in fighting for equal opportunity. Remarks at a Democratic National It was for that reason and for her own Committee Luncheon in Pittsburgh merit that I appointed your executive vice September 24, 1997 president, Linda Chavez-Thompson, a mem- ber of my race advisory commission. She has That was an interesting introduction. seen discrimination firsthand. She knows dis- [Laughter] You know, I have to begin by say- crimination is not a thing of the past, but ing, when my friend of more than 30 years she is determined to see that it has no place now David Matter made that reference to in our future. I am grateful for her help, and Henry Kissinger’s joke about it’s the 90 per- I ask you for yours. cent of the politicians that give the other 10 A century ago, the working men and percent a bad name, I think it’s only fair to women of labor imagined an America where tell you that he succeeded me as the presi- older people had health security, where Afri- dent of our class at Georgetown. [Laughter] can-Americans enjoyed equal protection He was in the 90 percent. [Laughter] I never under the law, where working people had the said anything like that until this event was

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already put together and organized and suc- a generation. We’re working hard to make cessful. the world a more peaceful, more prosperous Thank you, David. I want to thank Phil place. And we’re proving once again that we and Diann; I want to thank my good friend can constructively deal with our problems. John Connelly. It’s wonderful to see him up It’s the sort of time that I dreamed about and about, and so trim, young looking. in 1991 when I declared for President. And [Laughter] Audrey and Mr. Mayor, thank the country seemed drifting, it seemed di- you. And thank you, Mike, for what you said. vided to me. It seemed—it was clearly in dif- And, Commissioner Cranmer, we’re glad to ficult economic shape. have you here. And the thing that bothered me most— I was hoping there would be at least one you know, we’ll always have bad times as well Republican here because when I came in as good times. No course of life ever runs here, I said, ‘‘This is a pretty nice club.’’ smooth; it’s part of human nature and the [Laughter] ‘‘It makes me feel almost like a inherent rhythm of events. But what both- Republican.’’ [Laughter] And one of the peo- ered me in ’91 was, it seemed to me that ple at the table said, ‘‘If we had held this we had no strategy, no clear vision that a dinner a few years ago, you would have had strategy could be developed to support. And to be one to get in.’’ [Laughter] So it’s nice when I think of how fast the world is chang- to see that even that barrier of discrimination ing, how fast—the way we work, the way we is being broken down. [Laughter] live, the way we relate to each other and peo- I’d like to thank all the other folks who ple indeed all across our Nation and all across are here—Judge Del Sol; former State treas- the world, I still have the same simple vision urer Catherine Baker Knoll; former lieuten- I had when I declared for President. ant governor, Chairman Singel; your former When I leave office in the 21st century, mayor, Sophie Masloff—we had a lot of fun I want this to be a country where everybody together in Pittsburgh. Mayor, I have fun who is responsible enough to work for it has with you, too, but it’s not quite the same, an opportunity to live out his or her dreams. you know. [Laughter] And Senator Mellow, I want this to be a country that is celebrating Senator Bodak, and all of you, thank you for its diversity but coming together as one coming. America, not being divided as so many other I love coming here. I like western Penn- places in the world are divided today, by race sylvania, I love Pittsburgh. It’s one of those or religion or culture. And I want us still to towns where I can walk up to anybody on be the world’s leading force for peace and the street and ask them what the score was freedom and prosperity, not meddling in last night’s Pirates game, and they’ll all around the world and trying to solve all the know. It’s a place where people are proud problems but being a beacon of hope, an ex- of their roots, proud of their ties, proud of ample and, yes, being involved where we can their community. make a difference. That’s what I want for I’m delighted that you have some ties to America. Arkansas—my good friend, Lazar Planick And I’ve worked hard for that for the last there—even though I’m a Southern Baptist, 5 years. None of it would have been possible I used to refer to his father as my rabbi. And if it hadn’t been for people like you all across I’ve always felt a certain affinity for this com- this country. But every one of you know that munity and an affinity for western Pennsylva- this area of Pennsylvania has been especially nia. And you’ve been wonderful to me now good to me and to the Vice President and through two elections for President. And this to our efforts. is really the first opportunity I’ve had since Now, in order to achieve that, it seemed the ’96 election just to say simply, thank you. to me we needed to say, ‘‘Well, what kind And to all the people of Pittsburgh and Alle- of policies would you develop to achieve gheny County, thank you for being so sup- that? What would they be like? ’’ And I’ll tell portive of what we have tried to do together. you what we talked about back in ’91, before This is a proud time for America. The I ever announced for President. I think it’s economy is in the best shape it’s been in in a mistake to run for President before you

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have a general idea about what you’re going lower income working people, and upper in- to do if you get there. come people. From World War II to the It’s kind of—the Presidential election is mid-1970’s we all grew together. And then this vast job interview. It’s pretty scary; 100 as the economy began to change, and we million people can want to hire you, and you didn’t develop an effective response to it, we can still get fired. It’s pretty disorienting. began to grow apart, so that those of us that [Laughter] were in a very good position to take advan- But it seemed to me we needed policies tage of the emerging world economy did just that focused on the future, not the past; on fine, and those of us that weren’t got hurt. unity, not division; on the interest of people And now we’re beginning to turn that and our basic values in this country, not around, partly because of the second part of power politics; that focused on America lead- the strategy, investing in people. If people ing, not America following; that focused on are the most important part of the new econ- the need for a certain kind of Government— omy, it follows by definition, their health, not a Government to do everything and cer- their education, and their ability to raise tainly not a Government to do nothing, but strong families are the most important parts a Government whose primary mission would of our strategy there. be to give people the tools to make the most So we’ve worked hard to do what we could of their own lives; and finally, that we had to stabilize the health care situation for to begin with a new economic strategy that Americans, to help do things that would would make the economy work for every- lower the rate of inflation without eroding body, not just for a few people. the quality of care, pass the Kennedy-Kasse- And we began with the economic strategy. baum bill which says you can’t lose your I used to say it’s a stool with three legs: We health insurance if you change jobs or some- have to reduce the deficit until we balance body in your family gets sick. the budget; we still have to find the money We had a dramatic increase in research to invest in people and in technology and in and support for diabetes in this last budget, research, the things that will build our future; which the American Diabetes Association and we have to expand American trade in said was the most important thing since the our products and services, because we only discovery of insulin in 1927. We’ve worked have 4 percent of the world’s population, but hard on breast cancer, prostate cancer, a lot we enjoy a high standard of living because of the other major health problems this coun- we produce 22 percent of the world’s wealth. try faces. We’ve worked hard to do some- And in a world becoming increasingly com- thing to put a stop to the marketing and sales petitive, increasingly open, increasingly inter- of cigarettes to teenagers, still our number connected, you cannot expect to maintain 20 one public health problem. percent of the wealth with 4 percent of the In this last budget, $24 billion was allo- people unless you go where the business is. cated to provide health insurance to 5 million So that’s what we’ve tried to do, hard, for children, half the children who don’t have 5 years. And the results have been what you health insurance in this country. Almost all know they are: unemployment under 5 per- of them, by the way, are in working families cent, 13 million new jobs, over a million new whose place of work does not provide them construction jobs—a lot of you helped to cre- health insurance. ate them in this room—half a million new In education, we now have had from 1993 machine tool operators, half a million new to the present an enormous increase in Fed- people working in transportation. The last 2 eral support for education. This last balanced years, over half the new jobs paid above aver- budget had the biggest increase in Federal age wages, something that was not the case support for education since Lyndon Johnson for new jobs for many years in the 1980’s. was the President of the United States in The average income is beginning to rise 1965, and the biggest increase in helping and that gap which had been widening for people to go to college since the GI bill was 20 years seems like it may be coming back passed 50 years ago. And it’s going to change together now between the middle class, the future of America.

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Now, with the things that were in this last But we’re not going to save any jobs by budget, we will have a million work-study po- leaving our trade relations as is with countries sitions for people who go to college; the big- a long way from here when our markets are gest increase in Pell grants in 20 years; an more open than theirs. But if they open their IRA where people can save in an IRA and markets to us, we can sell more. Seventy per- then withdraw from it without penalty if they cent of the growth in America’s overseas use it for their education or their children’s trade this last year came from Canada to the education; a tax credit of up to $1,500 a year tip of South America and our own back yard. for the first 2 years of college; a HOPE schol- And the further you go away from here, the arship to open the doors of 2 years of college less likely it is that any of you or anybody to everybody; and continued tax credits for else would want to shut a plant down in any kind of education, undergraduate or America and move it down there to sell prod- graduate, or job training after high school. ucts back here. Labor is becoming an in- We can now say for the first time in the creasingly smaller part of manufacturing history of the country—when all these tax costs anyway. This is about selling America’s credits kick in next year, we’ll be able to say goods and services, and it’s also about part- for the first time that any American who’s nerships with new democracies, to keep us willing to work for it can have a college edu- the world’s leading force for peace and free- cation. That’s never been true before. And dom. that’s something all of you can be proud of, We’ve got an education fight going that’s because if it hadn’t been for you and people a real doozie in Washington now over wheth- like you, we in Washington would never have er the Congress will prohibit me and the Sec- been in a position to do it. It was the central retary of Education from spending any tax pledge I made to the American people in money to have a nonpolitical board, estab- the 1996 campaign. lished by Congress years ago, with Repub- So we’re moving along. Crime has dropped licans and Democrats on it and educators on every year the last 5 years. Part of the reason it, develop a national examination for reading is we’re supporting local strategies that for fourth graders and math for eighth grad- work—more community police in the street. ers to be given voluntarily and with no man- The Brady bill has kept 250,000 people with dated consequences to every fourth and criminal or mental health histories who eighth grader in the country in 1999. Why? shouldn’t have handguns from buying them. We are the only advanced economy in the And there was a study released just last week world that does not have a national set of which said that illicit gun dealers have had academic standards, a definition for aca- terrible difficulty operating in places where demic excellence, even a definition for aca- it’s vigorously enforced. This is a safer coun- demic adequacy. try than it was 5 years ago. This has nothing to do with local control We have the lowest percentage of our pop- of the schools. Reading and math are the ulation on welfare than we’ve had since 1970, same in Michigan and Montana and south in spite of 20 years of the most active immi- Florida and San Diego and northeastern gration in our country’s history. Why? Be- Maine and northwestern Washington. It’s cause we pursued a welfare reform policy about whether we believe our kids can learn that was tough on work, but pro-family and and whether we’re going to expect them to. pro-child. I can tell you this: All the evidence is they So you can be proud of where we are be- can. Our schools are getting better. This last cause all of you had a role in it. But it only year, for the first time ever, America’s fourth sort of indicates where we have to go. Now, graders scored above the international aver- as I look to the future both this year and age in math and science. And we had a few the years beyond, we’ve still got to do things thousand kids take it, but they were rep- to keep this economy growing. That’s why resentative by race, by region, and by in- I want this fast-track trade authority that I come. went to the AFL–CIO to talk about today. So our kids can learn what they need to And we differ about it. know to do well, but we’ve got to measure

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it to see whether they do or not. Any of you So if you want to have campaign finance running any enterprise here, if I suggested reform, particularly if this country is not pre- that you stop measuring it tomorrow, you pared to go to taxpayer-financed elections, would be without profits before long. If you like many nations do across the board, except didn’t keep up with your performance, if you we just do it for Presidents now, then we didn’t define success in some way, if you had must do one thing: You must give people ac- no way to know whether you were up or cess to mass communications for free or re- down truly measured against the competition duced rates if they adhere to the standards which is global in nature, you would have of the campaign finance laws. That must be difficulty. That’s all I want to do. done. And we’re looking into that. But the We’re going to try to deal with some of Senate has got a good bill before it. They’re the most difficult issues in the world over going to debate it. They’re going to vote on the next several months in trying to reconcile it, and that’s a good thing. And I’m proud our need to grow the economy and the envi- that it was precipitated at least in part by ronmental problems that are developing the unanimous vote of the members of my around the globe and the requests that have caucus in the Senate—our party’s caucus— been made of all of us, Europe, Japan, all to support the McCain-Feingold bill. the advanced economies, to try to do some- Finally, let me say this. If you look to the thing about greenhouse gas emissions. Can future and you ask: What is the issue most we do it without hurting economic growth? likely to define America in the 21st century? Of course we can if we do it right. It’s going Of all the many issues we can deal with, what to be something that all of you will have to is the issue most likely to define us? Well, be concerned about and involved in. what has defined us for 200 years? People think this is a place uniquely de- We have to reform the entitlements for voted to freedom and opportunity, where the baby boom generation so the next gen- every person gets his chance at the brass ring. eration will have Social Security and Medi- They know that we’ve been imperfect. I’m care. It is wrong for us not to make modest leaving you to go home to Little Rock to ob- changes now that will save Social Security serve the 40th anniversary of the Little Rock and Medicare over the long run. We’ve al- Central High School crisis, a glaring, timeless ready made some modest changes in Medi- example of the imperfection of America the care that I believe will add more than a dec- Nation not living up to America the idea. But ade to the life of the Trust Fund. But you we also know that from the beginning, when can’t expect all these young people to support we started out with a Constitution that said those of us who are in the baby boom genera- African-Americans equal six-tenths of a per- tion when there will be barely two people son, we have come a long way. We have working for every one person retired, without steadily pushed back the barriers that bore making some changes. We cannot raise the down on people, people of color, on women, payroll tax any more on ordinary people or all the groups of people that have ever been small businesses. There are ways—modest discriminated against. We are steadily push- changes that can be made over the next 2 ing back those barriers. to 3 to 4 years, very modest changes which But if you really think about what’s likely will avoid that, and we have to deal with that. to define us, you imagine what’s the world Just one or two other things I wanted to going to be like. It’s going to be a high-tech mention. We are finally, it looks like, going world dominated by information technology to get a vote in the Senate for the first time where distances will be shortened, millions— in 5 years on campaign finance reform, and that’s no exaggeration; I talked to the people I think that’s a good thing. But I want every- who set it up last week—millions of new con- one to understand who is here at this dinner tacts are happening on the Internet every today, the real problem with campaigns is month, probably every week. They can’t be how much they cost. The amount of money measured. Literally it’s growing by millions raised is a direct relationship with the per- and millions and millions a month and prob- ceived requirements of how much they cost. ably a week. That is the world we’re going

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to live in. Now, if we in the United States that direction and we have another 3 years, have the most multiethnic, multiracial func- and I’m going to give you every day I can tioning democracy, where we don’t just live to make sure we get there. in the same country but in little different Thank you, and God bless you. places, and then we vote on election day, and that’s all we have in common, but we actually NOTE: The President spoke at 1:39 p.m. in the live and work together and learn together Walnut Room at the Duquesne Club. In his re- and grow together, then we will be the most marks, he referred to David Matter, and Phil and well-positioned country in the world for the Diann Stout, State Democratic Party trustees; 21st century. John Connelly, president, J. Edward Connelly As- It is, therefore, in our self-interest to rid sociates; Mayor Tom Murphy of Pittsburgh; Mike ourselves of the last vestiges of the poison Dawida and Bob Cranmer, Allegheny County which seen in its darkest form can destroy commissioners; Audrey Dawida, wife of Commis- a place like Bosnia, can bedevil the home sioner Dawida; Judge Joseph A. Del Sol, Demo- of many of us in this room, including Mayor cratic candidate for Pennsylvania State Supreme Murphy, in Ireland—we think we’re making Court; Mark Singel, chairman, Pennsylvania Democratic Party; State Senators Robert J. Mel- some progress there—can keep the Middle low and Leonard Bodak; and Pittsburgh attorney East in constant turmoil, and they’ve got all Lazar Palnick, originally from Arkansas. kinds of social problems in a lot of those countries there. If they were all working to- gether they could turn the whole region around in a matter of a decade. And on and Notice—Continuation of Emergency on and on—you know the stories. With Respect to UNITA If we are the polar opposite of that in a September 24, 1997 world where we have the world’s finest sys- tem of higher education, where we’re on the On September 26, 1993, by Executive cutting edge of technology, where we’re Order 12865, I declared a national emer- committed to all the things we’ve been talk- gency to deal with the unusual and extraor- ing about today, and we’re all getting along dinary threat to the foreign policy of the together, this country is going to do very well, United States constituted by the actions and and the next 50 years will be the best 50 policies of the National Union for the Total years in American history. Independence of Angola (‘‘UNITA’’), pro- Now, I was raised to believe that’s what hibiting the sale or supply by United States we owe our children. And I was raised to persons or from the United States, or using believe that none of us—it is not given to U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft, of arms any of us to solve all the problems or to trans- and related material of all types, and petro- form human nature; it is our responsibility leum and petroleum products to the territory to leave the world better than we found it. of Angola, other than through designated It is our responsibility in the great stream points of entry. The order also prohibits the of human existence to make our contribution sale or supply of such commodities to to the right direction. That’s what we’ve got UNITA. Because of our continuing inter- a chance to do. And we owe it to our chil- national obligations and because of the preju- dren. dicial effect that discontinuation of the sanc- And from the day I started running for this tions would have on the Angolan peace proc- job, all I ever wanted to do was to make sure ess, the national emergency declared on Sep- that, when it was all said and done, people tember 26, 1993, and the measures adopted like you, who share the same values and ideas pursuant thereto to deal with that emer- I did, could actually say together, we gave gency, must continue in effect beyond Sep- opportunity to everybody responsible enough tember 26, 1997. Therefore, in accordance to work for it; we are coming together as with section 202(d) of the National Emer- one country, not being divided; and we are gencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)), I am con- the strongest force in the world for peace tinuing the national emergency with respect and freedom. I still think we’re moving in to UNITA.

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This notice shall be published in the Fed- Message to the Senate Transmitting eral Register and transmitted to the Con- the Ireland-United States Taxation gress. Convention and Protocol William J. Clinton September 24, 1997 The White House, To the Senate of the United States: September 24, 1997. I transmit herewith for Senate advice and [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, consent to ratification the Convention Be- 11:30 a.m., September 24, 1997] tween the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Ireland NOTE: This notice was published in the Federal for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Register on September 25. the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Re- spect to Taxes on Income and Capital Gains, Message to the Congress signed at Dublin on July 28, 1997, (the ‘‘Con- Transmitting the Notice on UNITA vention’’) together with a Protocol and an ex- change of notes done on the same date. Also September 24, 1997 transmitted is the report of the Department To the Congress of the United States: of State concerning the Convention. Section 202(d) of the National Emer- This Convention, which is similar to tax gencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)) provides for treaties between the United States and other the automatic termination of a national emer- OECD nations, provides maximum rates of gency unless, prior to the anniversary date tax to be applied to various types of income of its declaration, the President publishes in and protection from double taxation of in- the Federal Register and transmits to the come. The Convention also provides for reso- Congress a notice stating that the emergency lution of disputes and sets forth rules making is to continue in effect beyond the anniver- its benefits unavailable to residents that are sary date. In accordance with this provision, engaged in treaty shopping. I have sent the enclosed notice, stating that I recommend that the Senate give early the emergency declared with respect to the and favorable consideration to this Conven- National Union for the Total Independence tion, with its Protocol and exchange of notes, of Angola (‘‘UNITA’’) is to continue in effect and that the Senate give its advice and con- beyond September 26, 1997, to the Federal sent to ratification. Register for publication. William J. Clinton The circumstances that led to the declara- The White House, tion on September 26, 1993, of a national September 24, 1997. emergency have not been resolved. The ac- tions and policies of UNITA pose a continu- ing unusual and extraordinary threat to the Message to the Congress on Angola foreign policy of the United States. United September 24, 1997 Nations Security Council Resolution 864 (1993) continues to oblige all Member States To the Congress of the United States: to maintain sanctions. Discontinuation of the I hereby report to the Congress on the de- sanctions would have a prejudicial effect on velopments since my last report of April 4, the Angolan peace process. For these rea- 1997, concerning the national emergency sons, I have determined that it is necessary with respect to Angola that was declared in to maintain in force the broad authorities Executive Order 12865 of September 26, necessary to apply economic pressure to 1993. This report is submitted pursuant to UNITA to reduce its ability to pursue its ag- section 401(c) of the National Emergencies gressive policies of territorial acquisition. Act, 50 U.S.C. 1641(c), and section 204(c) of the International Emergency Economic William J. Clinton Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1703(c). The White House, On September 26, 1993, I declared a na- September 24, 1997. tional emergency with respect to the Na-

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tional Union for the Total Independence of the Executive order. Also prohibited are Angola (‘‘UNITA’’), invoking the authority, transactions by United States persons, or in- inter alia, of the International Emergency volving the use of U.S.-registered vessels or Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et aircraft, relating to transportation to Angola seq.) and the United Nations Participation or UNITA of goods the exportation of which Act of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287c). Consistent with is prohibited. United Nations Security Council Resolution The Government of Angola has designated 864, dated September 15, 1993, the order the following points of entry as points in An- prohibited the sale or supply by United gola to which the articles otherwise prohib- States persons or from the United States, or ited by the Regulations may be shipped: Air- using U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft, of ports: Luanda and Katumbela, Benguela arms and related material of all types, includ- Province; Ports: Luanda and Lobito, Benuela ing weapons and ammunition, military vehi- Province; and Namibe, Namibe Province; cles, equipment and spare parts, and petro- and Entry Points: Malongo, Cabinda Prov- leum and petroleum products to the territory ince. Although no specific license is required of Angola other than through designated by the Department of the Treasury for ship- points of entry. The order also prohibited ments to these designated points of entry such sale or supply to UNITA. United States (unless the item is destined for UNITA), any persons are prohibited from activities that such exports remain subject to the licensing promote or are calculated to promote such requirements of the Departments of State sales or supplies, or from attempted viola- and/or Commerce. tions, or from evasion or avoidance or trans- There has been one amendment to the actions that have the purpose of evasion or Regulations since my report of April 3, 1997. avoidance of the stated prohibitions. The the UNITA (Angola) Sanctions Regulations, order authorized the Secretary of the Treas- 31 CFR Part 590, were amended on August ury, in consultation with the Secretary of 25, 1997. General reporting, recordkeeping, State, to take such actions, including the pro- licensing, and other procedural regulations mulgation of rules and regulations, as might were moved from the Regulations to a sepa- be necessary to carry out the purposes of the rate part (31 CFR Part 501) dealing solely order. with such procedural matters. (62 Fed. Reg. 1. On December 10, 1993, the Treasury 45098, August 25, 1997). A copy of the Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Con- amendment is attached. trol (OFAC) issued the UNITA (Angola) 2. The OFAC has worked closely with the Sanctions Regulations (the ‘‘Regulations’’) U.S. financial community to assure a height- (58 Fed. Reg. 64904) to implement my dec- ened awareness of the sanctions against laration of a national emergency and imposi- UNITA—through the dissemination of pub- tion of sanctions against UNITA. The Regu- lications, seminars, and notices to electronic lations prohibit the sale or supply by United bulletin boards. This educational effort has States persons or from the United States, or resulted in frequent calls from banks to as- using U.S.-registered vessels or aircraft, of sure that they are not routing funds in viola- arms and related materiel of all types, includ- tion of these prohibitions. United States ex- ing weapons and ammunition, military vehi- porters have also been notified of the sanc- cles, equipment and spare parts, and petro- tions through a variety of media, including leum and petroleum products to UNITA or via the Internet, Fax-on-Demand, special fli- to the territory of Angola other than through ers, and computer bulletin board information designated points of entry. United States per- initiated by OFAC and posted through the sons are also prohibited from activities that U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. promote or are calculated to promote such Government Printing Office. There have sales or supplies to UNITA or Angola, or been no license applications under the pro- from any transaction by any United States gram since my last report. persons that evades or avoids, or has the pur- 3. The expenses incurred by the Federal pose of evading or avoiding, or attempts to Government in the 6-month period from violate, any of the prohibitions set forth in March 26, 1997, through September 25,

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1997, that are directly attributable to the ex- today? What does it tell us, most importantly, ercise of powers and authorities conferred by about our children’s tomorrows? the declaration of a national emergency with Forty years ago, a single image first seared respect to UNITA are approximately the heart and stirred the conscience of our $50,000, most of which represent wage and Nation, so powerful most of us who saw it salary costs for Federal personnel. Personnel then recall it still. A 15-year-old girl wearing costs were largely centered in the Depart- a crisp black and white dress, carrying only ment of the Treasury (particularly in the Of- a notebook, surrounded by large crowds of fice of Foreign Assets Control, the U.S. Cus- boys and girls, men and women, soldiers and toms Service, the Office of the Under Sec- police officers, her head held high, her eyes retary for Enforcement, and the Office of the fixed straight ahead. And she is utterly alone. General Counsel) and the Department of On September 4th, 1957, Elizabeth State (particularly the Office of Southern Af- Eckford walked to this door for her first day rican Affairs). of school, utterly alone. She was turned away I will continue to report periodically to the by people who were afraid of change, in- Congress on significant developments, pur- structed by ignorance, hating what they sim- suant to 50 U.S.C. 1703(c). ply could not understand. And America saw her, haunted and taunted for the simple color William J. Clinton of her skin, and in the image we caught a The White House, very disturbing glimpse of ourselves. September 24, 1997. We saw not ‘‘one Nation under God, indi- visible, with liberty and justice for all,’’ but NOTE: This message was released by the Office two Americas, divided and unequal. What of the Press Secretary on September 25. happened here changed the course of our country here forever. Like Independence Hall, where we first embraced the idea that Remarks on the 40th Anniversary of God created us all equal; like Gettysburg, the Desegregation of Central High where Americans fought and died over School in Little Rock, Arkansas whether we would remain one Nation, mov- September 25, 1997 ing closer to the true meaning of equality; like them, Little Rock is historic ground, for The President. Governor and Mrs. surely it was here at Central High that we Huckabee; Mayor and Mrs. Dailey; my good took another giant step closer to the idea of friend Daisy Bates; and the families of Wylie America. Branton and Justice Thurgood Marshall. To Elizabeth Eckford, along with her eight the cochairs of this event, Mr. Howard, and schoolmates, were turned away on Septem- all the faculty and staff here at Central High; ber 4th, but the Little Rock Nine did not to Fatima and her fellow students; to all my turn back. Forty years ago today, they fellow Americans: Hillary and I are glad to climbed these steps, passed through this be home, especially on this day. And we door, and moved our Nation. And for that, thank you for your welcome. we must all thank them. I would also be remiss if I did not say one Today we honor those who made it pos- other word, just as a citizen. You know, we sible, their parents first—as Eleanor Roo- just sent our daughter off to college, and for sevelt said of them, ‘‘To give your child for 81⁄2 years she got a very good education in a cause is even harder than to give your- the Little Rock school district. And I want self’’—to honor my friend Daisy Bates and to thank you all for that. Wylie Branton and Thurgood Marshall, the On this beautiful, sunshiny day, so many NAACP, and all who guided these children; wonderful words have already been spoken to honor President Eisenhower, Attorney with so much conviction, I am reluctant to General Brownell, and the men of the 101st add to them. But I must ask you to remember Airborne who enforced the Constitution; to once more and to ask yourselves, what does honor every student, every teacher, every what happened here 40 years ago mean minister, every Little Rock resident, black or

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white, who offered a word of kindness, a who gave up their innocence so all good peo- glance of respect, or a hand of friendship; ple could have a chance to live their dreams. to honor those who gave us the opportunity But let me tell you something else that to be part of this day of celebration and re- was true about that time. Before Little Rock, dedication. But most of all, we come to honor for me and other white children, the strug- the Little Rock Nine. Most of us who have gles of black people, whether we were sym- just watched these events unfold can never pathetic or hostile to them, were mostly understand fully the sacrifice they made. background music in our normal, self-ab- Imagine, all of you, what it would be like sorbed lives. We were all, like you, more con- to come to school one day and be shoved cerned about our friends and our lives, day- against lockers, tripped down stairways, in and day-out. But then we saw what was taunted day after day by your classmates, to happening in our own back yard, and we all go all through school with no hope of going had to deal with it. Where did we stand? to a school play or being on a basketball team What did we believe? How did we want to or learning in simple peace. live? It was Little Rock that made racial [At this point, there was a disturbance in the equality a driving obsession in my life. audience.] Years later, time and chance made Ernie Green my friend. Good fortune brought me The President. Speaking of simple peace, to the Governor’s office, where I did all I I’d like a little of it today. could to heal the wounds, solve the prob- I want all these children here to look at lems, open the doors so we could become these people. They persevered, they en- the people we say we want to be. dured, and they prevailed. But it was at great cost to themselves. As Melba said years later Ten years ago, the Little Rock Nine came in her wonderful memoir, ‘‘Warriors Don’t back to the Governor’s Mansion when I was Cry,’’ ‘‘My friends and I paid for the integra- there. I wanted them to see that the power tion of Little Rock Central High with our of the office that once had blocked their way innocence.’’ now welcomed them. But like so many Folks, in 1957 I was 11 years old, living Americans, I can never fully repay my debt 50 miles away in Hot Springs, when the eyes to these nine people. For, with their inno- of the world were fixed here. Like almost cence, they purchased more freedom for me, all southerners then, I never attended school too, and for all white people. People like with a person of another race until I went Hazel Brown Massery, the angry taunter of to college. But as a young boy in my grand- Elizabeth Eckford, who stood with her in father’s small grocery store, I learned lessons front of this school this week as a reconciled that nobody bothered to teach me in my seg- friend. And with the gift of their innocence, regated school. My grandfather had a sixth- they taught us that all too often what ought grade education from a tiny rural school. He to be can never be for free. never made a bit of money. But in that store, Forty years later, what do you young peo- in the way he treated his customers and en- ple in this audience believe we have learned? couraged me to play with their children, I Well, 40 years later, we know that we all ben- learned America’s most profound lessons: efit—all of us—when we learn together, We really are all equal. We really do have work together, and come together. That is, the right to live in dignity. We really do have after all, what it means to be an American. the right to be treated with respect. We do Forty years later, we know, not withstand- have the right to be heard. ing some cynics, that all our children can I never knew how he and my grandmother learn, and this school proves it. Forty years came to those convictions, but I’ll never for- later, we know when the constitutional rights get how they lived them. Ironically, my of our citizens are threatened, the National grandfather died in 1957. He never lived to Government must guarantee them. Talk is see America come around to his way of think- fine, but when they are threatened, you need ing. But I know he’s smiling down today, not strong laws faithfully enforced and upheld by on his grandson but on the Little Rock Nine, independent courts.

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Forty years later, we know there are still down different halls. Not only in this school more doors to be opened, doors to be opened but across America, they sit in different class- wider, doors we have to keep from being shut rooms. They eat at different tables. They again now. Forty years later, we know free- even sit in different parts of the bleachers dom and equality cannot be realized without at the football game. Far too many commu- responsibility for self, family, and the duties nities are all white, all black, all Latino, all of citizenship, or without a commitment to Asian. Indeed, too many Americans of all building a community of shared destiny and races have actually begun to give up on the a genuine sense of belonging. idea of integration and the search for com- Forty years later, we know the question mon ground. For the first time since the of race is more complex and more important 1950’s, our schools in America are reseg- than ever, embracing no longer just blacks regating. The rollback of affirmative action and whites or blacks and whites and His- is slamming shut the doors of higher edu- panics and Native Americans, but now peo- cation on a new generation, while those who ple from all parts of the Earth coming here oppose it have not yet put forward any other to redeem the promise of America. alternative. Forty years later, frankly, we know we’re In so many ways, we still hold ourselves bound to come back where we started. After back. We retreat into the comfortable en- all the weary years and silent tears, after all claves of ethnic isolation. We just don’t deal the stony roads and bitter rides, the question with people who are different from us. Seg- of race is, in the end, still an affair of the regation is no longer the law, but too often heart. separation is still the rule. And we cannot But if these are our lessons, what do we forget one stubborn fact that has not yet been have to do? First, we must all reconcile. Then said as clearly as it should: There is still dis- we must all face the facts of today. And finally crimination in America. we must act. Reconciliation is important not There are still people who can’t get over only for those who practice bigotry, but for it, who can’t let it go, who can’t go through those whose resentment of it lingers, for both the day unless they have somebody else to are prisons from which our spirits must es- look down on. And it manifests itself in our cape. streets and in our neighborhoods and in the If Nelson Mandela, who paid for the free- workplace and in the schools. And it is wrong. dom of his people with 27 of the best years And we have to keep working on it, not just of his life, could invite his jailers to his inau- with our voices but with our laws. And we guration and ask even the victims of violence have to engage each other in it. to forgive their oppressors, then each of us Of course, we should celebrate our diver- can seek and give forgiveness. sity. The marvelous blend of cultures and be- And what are the facts? It is a fact, my liefs and races has always enriched America, fellow Americans, that there are still too and it is our meal ticket to the 21st century. many places where opportunity for education But we also have to remember with the pain- and work are not equal, where disintegration ful lessons of the civil wars and the ethnic of family and neighborhood make it more dif- cleansing around the world, that any nation ficult. But it is also a fact that schools and that indulges itself in destructive separatism neighborhoods and lives can be turned will not be able to meet and master the chal- around if, but only if, we are prepared to lenges of the 21st century. do what it takes. We have to decide—all you young people It is a fact that there are still too many have to decide—will we stand as a shining places where our children die or give up be- example or a stunning rebuke to the world fore they bloom, where they are trapped in of tomorrow? For the alternative to integra- a web of crime and violence and drugs. But tion is not isolation or a new separate but we know this too can be changed but only equal, it is disintegration. if we are prepared to do what it takes. Only the American idea is strong enough Today children of every race walk through to hold us together. We believe, whether our the same door, but then they often walk ancestors came here in slave ships or on the

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Mayflower, whether they came through the ents as with the success of our children, how portals of Ellis Island or on a plane to San they will live, and live together, in years to Francisco, whether they have been here for come. If those nine children could walk up thousands of years, we believe that every in- those steps 40 years ago, all alone, if their dividual possesses the spark of possibility, parents could send them into the storm born with an equal right to strive and work armed only with school books and the right- and rise as far as they can go, and born with eousness of their cause, then surely together an equal responsibility to act in a way that we can build one America, an America that obeys the law, reflects our values and passes makes sure no future generation of our chil- them on to their children. We are white and dren will have to pay for our mistakes with black, Asian and Hispanic, Christian and Jew the loss of their innocence. and Muslim, Italian- and Vietnamese- and At this schoolhouse door today, let us re- Polish-Americans and goodness knows how joice in the long way we have come these many more today. But above all, we are still 40 years. Let us resolve to stand on the shoul- Americans. Martin Luther King said, ‘‘We ders of the Little Rock Nine and press on are woven into a seamless garment of destiny. with confidence in the hard and noble work We must be one America.’’ ahead. ‘‘Let us lift every voice and sing, till The Little Rock Nine taught us that. We Earth and Heaven ring,’’ one America today, cannot have one America for free, not 40 one America tomorrow, one America forever. years ago, not today. We have to act. All of God bless the Little Rock Nine, and God us have to act. Each of us has to do some- bless the United States of America. Thank thing. Especially our young people must seek you. out people who are different from them- selves and speak freely and frankly to dis- NOTE: The President spoke at 11 a.m. on the front cover they share the same dreams. All of us steps of Central High School. In his remarks, he should embrace the vision of a colorblind so- referred to Gov. Mike Huckabee of Arkansas and ciety but recognize the fact that we are not his wife, Janet; Mayor Jim Dailey of Little Rock there yet, and we cannot slam shut the doors and his wife, Patti; Daisy Bates, NAACP attorney of educational and economic opportunity. in 1957; and Rudolph Howard, current principal, All of us should embrace ethnic pride, and and Fatima McKendra, current student body we should revere religious conviction, but we president, Central High School. must reject separation and isolation. All of us should value and practice personal respon- sibility for ourselves and our families. And Remarks at the Reception for the all Americans, especially our young people, Congressional Medal of Honor should give something back to their commu- Society in Little Rock nity through citizen service. All Americans September 25, 1997 of all races must insist on both equal oppor- tunity and excellence in education. That is Thank you very much. Secretary Gober, even more important today than it was for President Bucha, Mayor Dailey, Mayor Hays, these nine people, and look how far they took Senator Beebe. Governor McMath, it’s won- themselves with their education. derful to see you here tonight, sir. The true battleground in education today I thank Secretary Gober for his introduc- is whether we honestly believe that every tion. It was overly generous but a good illus- child can learn, and we have the courage to tration of Clinton’s first law of politics: set high academic standards we expect all our Whenever possible, try to have yourself intro- children to meet. We must not replace the duced by someone you have appointed to tyranny of segregation with the tragedy of high office. [Laughter] Did you hear the low expectations. I will not rob a single story Secretary Gober said about he was in American child of his or her future. It is the Army, then he was in the Marine Corps, wrong. and his wife was in the Navy and then the My fellow Americans, we must be con- Air Force. They’re the only people I ever cerned not so much with the sins of our par- knew who organized a 30-year campaign to

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be Secretary of Veterans Affairs. [Laughter] and restored the duly elected leaders in It worked. Haiti, America was the only country in the He has done a wonderful job. And thank world where we were able to send 200 Unit- you, Secretary Togo West, for the job you ed States-citizen soldiers to Haiti who spoke do for the United States Army, sir. I’d also the native language, Creole. But we are unit- like to thank the United States Military Acad- ed by this almost mystical love of our country emy Cadet Glee Club. I thought they did and its history and what it means. a terrific job. Go ahead and give them a hand. Nonetheless, we know that in every gen- [Applause] And I think we can forgive them eration there will be a few who stand out, if there was just a little more zip in the Army who are called upon to do things of such self- song than the others. [Laughter] That, after less heroism that their patriotism shines all, is befitting. above all the others. Ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to Twice since I have been President, I have be here with you. I thank you for coming bestowed the Medal of Honor. First, very to my native State. I hope you have enjoyed sadly, to Master Sergeant Gary Gordon and it. I’m especially honored to be in the pres- Sergeant First Class Randall Shughart post- ence of people who are in what has been humously, two men who bravely lost their described as the most exclusive club in lives in Somalia trying to save the lives of America, the Congressional Medal of Honor their fellow soldiers. Then, this year, because Society. Along with every other American, I so much time had passed, a much happier feel a profound admiration for all of you for occasion. Fifty years after the fact, we recog- your acts of valor and heroism. I am espe- nized seven African-American heroes of cially gratified that several who wear the World War II who were prepared to sacrifice medal and who are in this room tonight are everything for our freedom, even though my fellow Arkansans, including Nick Bacon, they didn’t have full freedom when they director of veterans affairs here; Scooter came back home. That was a wonderful day. Burke; Clarence Kraft; and Nathan Gordon. One painful, one wonderful, I will never for- No one could live in this country for very get either one, because both of them were long without being especially impressed with examples of the truly extraordinary heroism how genuinely patriotic most of our fellow which all of you who wear this medal have citizens are. We are a nation of immigrants, demonstrated in your service. proud of our roots, proud of what is distinc- When the battle was darkest, when the for- tive about us, but there’s an extraordinary tunes of war often favored an unforgiving amount of love in this country for our Nation, enemy, somehow those of you who won the felt by almost every single citizen. Medal of Honor and who earned the Medal Indeed, there’s so much love in our coun- of Honor found the strength, the will to fight try that, as you know, we very often have more valiantly and turn the tide, to save the people join the United States military even lives of your comrades, to save the day for before they’re naturalized as citizens. I never America. will forget when we welcomed the Pope to Your president spoke a moment ago about Denver for the first time and I was escorting the event we commemorated at Little Rock His Holiness down the line of all the well- Central High School. Forty years ago, some- wishers there at Regis University. We got to thing happened here that none of us who a young man in a United States Army uni- are native to this State are especially proud form, and he broke into this elaborate con- of. Our former Governor, Governor versation with the Pope in Polish. And I McMath, who also was a Major General in thought to myself, we could have had a Hai- the Marine Corps, tried to stop it. And I’ll tian-American speaking to the Pope in Cre- always be grateful to him. But in the end, ole; we could have spoken to the Pope in those children were not denied admission to Spanish and Chinese and Japanese, in any our high school, because the law of the land number of languages in the world. This is said we were all created equal. A Federal the only country in the world where you can court issued an order to carry out the law, say that. When we turned back the dictators and the President of the United States and

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the Attorney General of the United States Thank you for what you have done, and and the 101st Airborne Division of the Unit- thank you, too, for what you continue to do ed States Army did exactly that, and they as living examples of everything we love most stood up for the Constitution. They were he- about America. roes on that day as well. God bless you. And somehow I think it’s fitting that you are here on this day, and we can celebrate your heroism and you can participate in a NOTE: The President spoke at 8:44 p.m. at the moment of unique citizen heroism in the his- Aerospace Education Center. In his remarks, he tory of America. Think what it was like for referred to Paul Bucha, president, Congressional Medal of Honor Society; Mayor Jim Dailey of Lit- those nine kids to show up and face a jeering tle Rock; Mayor Patrick Henry Hays of North Lit- mob, armed only with their notebooks and tle Rock; State Senator Mike Beebe; former Ar- their school books. Think what it was like kansas Governor Sid McMath; and Mary Lou for their parents to send them into the storm Keener, wife of Secretary of Veterans Affairs not knowing whether they would come Hershel Gober. A tape was not available for ver- home. ification of the content of these remarks. But if you look at the whole history of America, and if you look at the whole history of our military services, we see an unbroken chain in the continuing struggle to make our Statement Urging House of historic commitment to freedom and equality Representatives Action on Campaign more real in each succeeding generation. Finance Reform Every American knows about our mili- September 25, 1997 tary’s vital role in protecting our national in- terest and our values around the world. But I am greatly encouraged by the statements the Armed Forces also has reflected and pro- calling for House action on campaign finance tected our values here at home. Our military reform legislation made earlier today by promotes equality by rewarding merit with- Democratic Leader Gephardt, and yesterday out regard to race or gender and sets an ex- by House Majority Leader Armey. I applaud ample for every American and for every these two House leaders for their commit- American institution where two or more peo- ment to scheduling a House floor debate on ple work together. this critical issue before Congress adjourns And as I said, you cannot talk to any person for the year. who was alive and well in Little Rock 40 years This bipartisan call for action is a promis- ago who doesn’t remember that it was the Army paratroopers who ultimately stood as ing sign that we are moving forward in our a bulwark of protection for those nine little response to America’s demand for reform. children, who were there for them because I urge the Members of the House to take their President ordered them to stand up for the next step and give their full support for the law of the land here at home. the meaningful bipartisan campaign finance So I hope that you will always remember, reform offered by Representatives Shays and throughout all your conventions and all your Meehan. This measure is both balanced and meetings, that you happened to come to Lit- effective and it addresses many of the most tle Rock on a special day for America and pressing needs for reform. a special day for America’s military, a special Congress faces the best opportunity in a example of personal patriotism and bravery generation to enact campaign finance re- by civilians, and that all of us—all of us— form. Let us work together in a bipartisan are profoundly grateful that you’re here, for spirit to enact the Shays-Meehan legislation your valor and your sacrifice, for being there and answer the public’s call for reform. when your country needed you the most.

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Proclamation 7027—Austrian- nine Austrian Federal States that helped to American Day, 1997 unify the nation and paved the way for rec- September 25, 1997 ognition by the United States and the Allied Forces of the first postwar Provisional Aus- By the President of the United States trian Government. Setting the date for the of America first free national elections, this important meeting laid the foundation for the strong, A Proclamation prosperous, and independent Austria we For more than 200 years, the life of our know today. Nation has been enriched and renewed by In recognition of the significance of this the many people who have come here from date to the relationship between our Nation around the world, seeking a new life for and the Federal Republic of Austria, and in themselves and their families. Austrian gratitude for the many gifts that Austrian Americans have made their own unique and Americans bring to the life of our country, lasting contributions to America’s strength it is appropriate that we pause to celebrate and character, and they continue to play a Austrian-American Day. vital role in the peace and prosperity we Now, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton, enjoy today. by virtue of the authority vested in me by As with so many other immigrants, the ear- the Constitution and laws of the United liest Austrians came to America in search of States, do hereby proclaim Friday, Septem- religious freedom. Arriving in 1734, they set- ber 26, 1997, as Austrian-American Day. I tled in the colony of Georgia, growing and encourage all Americans to recognize and prospering with the passing of the years. One celebrate the important contributions that of these early Austrian settlers, Johann Adam millions of Americans of Austrian descent Treutlen, was to become the first elected have made—and continue to make—to our governor of the new State of Georgia. Nation’s strength and prosperity. In the two centuries that followed, millions In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set of other Austrians made the same journey my hand this twenty-fifth day of September, to our shores. From the political refugees of in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred the 1848 revolutions in Austria to Jews flee- and ninety-seven, and of the Independence ing the anti-Semitism of Hitler’s Third Reich, of the United States of America the two hun- Austrians brought with them to America a dred and twenty-second. love of freedom, a strong work ethic, and a William J. Clinton deep reverence for education. In every field of endeavor, Austrian Americans have made [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, notable contributions to our culture and soci- 10:59 a.m., September 29, 1997] ety. We have all been enriched by the lives NOTE: This proclamation will be published in the and achievements of such individuals as Su- Federal Register on September 30. preme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter; Joel Elias Spingarn, who helped to found the NAACP; psychiatrist and educator Alexandra Proclamation 7028—Gold Star Adler; lyricist Frederick Loewe, who helped Mother’s Day, 1997 to transform American musical theater; and September 25, 1997 architects John Smithmeyer and Richard Neutra. By the President of the United States Americans of Austrian descent have also of America helped to nurture the strong ties of friend- ship between the United States and Austria, A Proclamation a friendship that has survived the upheaval As a free people, Americans have always of two World Wars and the subsequent divi- sought to live our lives in peace; but history’s sion of Europe between the forces of East harsh lessons have taught us that to remain and West. On September 26, 1945, a con- free, we must be prepared for war. At many ference was convened in Vienna among the times and in many ways throughout the year,

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we remember the millions of selfless Ameri- States flag on government buildings on this cans whose wartime service helped preserve solemn day. I encourage the American peo- our freedom and the values we hold dear; ple also to display the flag and to hold appro- and it is fitting that we should do so. But priate meetings in their homes, places of we must also remember that not all of the worship, or other suitable places as a public sacrifices that sustained us were made on the expression of the sympathy and respect that battlefield. our Nation holds for our Gold Star Mothers. Long after the devastation of war ceases, In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set the destruction left in its wake continues to my hand this twenty-fifth day of September, afflict those who survive. For America’s Gold in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred Star Mothers—who have lost a child in the and ninety-seven, and of the Independence service of our country—the grief is particu- of the United States of America the two hun- larly acute. The sons and daughters they dred and twenty-second. cherished through the years, whom they William J. Clinton guided and comforted through all the joys and heartaches of childhood and adoles- [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, cence, were torn from their lives forever with 10:59 a.m., September 29, 1997] cruel and sudden force. These mothers must NOTE: This proclamation will be published in the live the rest of their lives knowing that the Federal Register on September 30. talents and ambitions of their children will never be fulfilled, that each family gathering or celebration will be shadowed by the ab- Letter to Congressional Leaders sence of a dearly loved son or daughter. Transmitting a Report on Future Yet despite the enormity of their loss, Free Trade Area Negotiations America’s Gold Star Mothers have continued September 25, 1997 to do what comes naturally to mothers: to comfort, to nurture, to give of themselves for Dear Mr. Chairman: the benefit of others. Through their devotion In accordance with section 108(b)(4) of to our disabled veterans and their families, the North American Free Trade Agreement their generous community service, and their Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 3317(b)(4)), dedication to preserving the memory of the I transmit herewith the report containing fallen, Gold Star Mothers remind us in so recommendations on future free trade area many poignant ways that true love of country negotiations. often calls for both service and sacrifice. Sincerely, For these reasons and more, and in rec- William J. Clinton ognition of the special burden that Gold Star Mothers bear on behalf of all of us, we set NOTE: Identical letters were sent to Bill Archer, aside this day each year to honor and thank chairman, House Committee on Ways and Means, and William V. Roth, Jr., chairman, Senate Fi- them and to rededicate ourselves to creating nance Committee. a world in which the kind of sacrifice they have been called upon to make need never be repeated. The Congress, by Senate Joint Interview With Tom Joyner, Tavis Resolution 115 of June 23, 1936 (49 Stat. Smiley, and Sybil Wilkes on the Tom 1895), has designated the last Sunday in Sep- Joyner Morning Show in Little Rock tember as ‘‘Gold Star Mother’s Day’’ and has September 26, 1997 authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation in observance of this Q. Mr. President, good morning. day. The President. Good morning. You’re Now, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton, having a lot of fun there for this early in the President of the United States of America, morning. [Laughter] do hereby proclaim Sunday, September 28, Q. And you’re having a lot of fun, too, 1997, as Gold Star Mothers’s Day. I call upon aren’t you? Now that Chelsea is gone you all government officials to display the United all are having some fun. [Laughter]

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The President. That’s what Hillary says. idea to open the door came from the students at Central High themselves. It was a great, Desegregation of Central High School wonderful idea, and I was glad to be a part Q. Mr. President, when this happened 40 of it. years ago, how old were you? Q. Mr. President—first of all, to the affili- The President. Eleven. ates of 93 stations around the country on the Q. And what was going through your mind Tom Joyner Morning Show, as you can tell, when you saw all this, what happened here we are running long. We’re going to go right in Little Rock? through the break. We want you to hang with The President. I thought it was a bad us. thing. I didn’t understand why people were Mr. President, you said that what hap- so upset. But as I said yesterday, most of the pened 40 years ago really developed your white kids didn’t think about it one way or idea of what race relations in this country the other until it actually happened. Until the should be about. At 11 years old, you were Little Rock Nine were turned away, I think thinking race relations? most people didn’t think about it one way The President. Well, it was discussed in or the other. Children are basically self-ab- my home because my grandparents were in- sorbed in their own lives. It’s part of the terested in it. That’s what I said yesterday. privilege of childhood. So I had a chance to think about it earlier But then, all of a sudden, kids that had just because my grandfather expressed him- never thought about it before, it’s all they self very strongly about it. He had once been talked about for weeks. And everybody then a grocer and had a lot of black customers, had to decide really how they felt about it. and he knew a lot about black people as And it seemed obvious to me that sooner or human beings and about the troubles they later this was going to have to be done; it were facing and the problems in their lives might as well be done soon. and the potential they had. He thought it was But I also—I was always amazed at how wrong. there was an element in the South and prob- My grandmother was a nurse and she had ably in the rest of the country, too, of people a lot more contact with black people in the that were—they always just needed some- fifties than most white people did, and she body to hate, needed somebody to look down thought it was wrong. And they just had a on. But it’s no way to run a country and no big impact on me, and they talked about it way to run a life. Sooner or later, to me, it a lot. And even though my grandfather died was obvious it had to change. in 1957, and everybody was talking about this Q. Mr. President, there seems to be so happening in the 2 years coming up to that, much symbolism to the fact that you were I still remember as a little boy, 9, 10 years opening the door yesterday for the members old, sitting around the table, having him walk of the Little Rock Nine coming through, as through this with me and telling me that this well as this year that you have stepped before was something that had to be done. the Nation, before the world, and telling Q. Mr. President, Sybil asked you a mo- them that you are taking this step into the ment ago about the symbolism of yesterday. 21st century and making a difference in I want to ask you about the substance, if I terms of race relations. This is a year in which can. As you know, the two issues that are you are just really making us aware and facing this country, certainly facing black bringing these things out to us. And I com- America, with regard to education as we talk mend you for that. about this incident 40 years ago are the issue The President. Well, thank you. I think of school vouchers and this whole issue of part of the symbolism yesterday was that— resegregation of schools. You know, the thank you very much. I think yesterday, part NAACP was even considering earlier this of the importance of the symbolism was that summer reassessing their position on school political leaders closed the doors and stood integration. What are your thoughts specifi- in the doors in the fifties and sixties and kept cally on how the issue of school vouchers and people out of the doors. And apparently, that the issue of school integration are impacting

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the African-American community? Where do a lot of the bureaucratic rules that burden you come down on that debate on those is- school districts. sues? On the resegregation, I think that my own The President. Well, let me say, first of view is that we ought to continue to try to all, school vouchers—that is, giving people have integrated schools. We ought to recog- money that used to go to the school district nize that segregated neighborhoods and dif- that they can then use and spend in the ferent patterns in who has children of school school district or they can use it to defray age in various places have led to a resegrega- the cost of tuition to private schools—school tion of a lot of our schools. We still ought vouchers are the most extreme version of to try to integrate these neighborhoods and more school choice for parents and students. mix them not only racially but economically. I have supported for years and years giving We still ought to have, where reasonable, students and parents more choice for the transportation plans that work and aren’t too public schools their kids attend and also the burdensome for the kids. But we shouldn’t national charter school movement which al- use the fact that a school is not especially lows groups of teachers and parents to orga- integrated at this moment as an excuse not nize schools on their own and be more loose- to give those kids an excellent education and ly affiliated with public school districts and do the very best we can. to meet the special needs of the community, Q. Ten years ago, Mr. President, there was and then they can have a lot of freedom from a 30-year celebration for the Little Rock the rules and regulations of the school dis- Nine that you helped organize when you tricts and the State as long as they meet high were Governor here in the State of Arkansas. standards. It was a lot smaller celebration than the one we had this week, huh? I support the school uniform movement The President. It was a lot smaller. I think which a lot of private schools have and which they enjoyed it, but some of them—I’m not have made a big difference in a lot of school sure, you’d have to ask them—but I think districts. The reason I have opposed school there were a couple that hadn’t been back vouchers is that I think if you look at the to Arkansas very much before then. But ev- facts, it’s a relatively small financial contribu- erybody gathered. I wanted them to be able tion if you give somebody, for example, what to come to the Governor’s Mansion because the Federal Government gives to a school it was the symbol of opposition to their ef- district, but if you take it away, you can have forts, and it was the place where a lot of the a big adverse impact on the school districts plotting was done to keep them out of school. without helping any individual children very I thought it would be a good thing if they much. came into the house that had once shut them Now, I will say this. I believe that sooner out. or later there will be a lot of people who Q. If you were one of them back then, will try going beyond Milwaukee and, I think, do you think you could have had the courage Cleveland unless we can prove that the pub- to do what they did, in all that adversity? lic schools can work for children again. But The President. I don’t know. Boy, I’d like I think, from my point of view, particularly to think I would have. I think we all would with the Federal dollars, I simply don’t be- like to think we would have. But I think, to lieve that we should be diverting resources be honest, none of us can know. You don’t when our schools have been relatively under- know until you’re in a situation like that. I funded on the whole. Instead, we ought to wish I could say yes because I certainly would be concentrating on making them excellent. like to have been a part of it, and I can tell On the other hand, there ought to be some you this: I’m glad they did. I’m certainly glad competition there. The parents ought to have they did. some say, which is why I think they ought Q. I’ll tell you, the President—smooth, to have more choice over the schools their ain’t he? Pretty smooth. kids attend, and they ought to have the right Q. And you know, Mr. President, I think to participate in new schools that are outside your grandfather would be very proud of you

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for what you have done in terms of stepping September 21 forward not only yesterday but, as I said be- In the afternoon, the President and Hillary fore, with taking people and making us take Clinton traveled to New York, NY. In the stock of ourselves and our relationships with evening, they attended a reception for the others, people that don’t look like us. And 52d Session of the U.N. General Assembly you’ve done that certainly in your Cabinet in the Starlight Room of the Waldorf Astoria and on your staff of people who look like Hotel. a lot of us that listen to the Tom Joyner Morning Show as African-Americans. September 22 Q. Thank you, sir. And we’re all FOB’s. In the afternoon, the President met with Q. Yes, we are. Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif of Pakistan in Q. We’re FOB’s. the 12th Floor Conference Room at the The President. Thanks. [Laughter] United Nations. Later, he met with Prime Chelsea Minister Inder Kumar Gujral of India in Room 35 H at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. Q. So how is Chelsea doing in school? Has In the evening, the President and Hillary she called for money? Clinton attended a performance of ‘‘Car- The President. Well, not for money yet. men’’ at the Metropolitan Opera House. We’ve talked to her a couple of times, and Later, they returned to Washington, DC, ar- she’s having a good time. riving after midnight. Q. Well, tell her if she needs some campus The President announced the nomination fashion, Ms. Dupree has got some cousins of former Governor Richard Frank Celeste who can hook her up. [Laughter] of Ohio to be Ambassador to India. Q. Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you for being a guest on the show, and thank you for being a part of all the celebration September 23 here for the 40th anniversary of the Little The President announced his intention to Rock Nine. Thank you, sir. nominate Stanford G. Ross to serve as a The President. Thank you. Goodbye, ev- member of the Social Security Advisory erybody. Thank you. Board. Upon his confirmation as a member by the Senate, the President intends to des- NOTE: The interview began at 8:45 a.m. The ignate Mr. Ross as Chair of the Board. President spoke from a private residence to the The President declared a major disaster in interviewers in the Clinton Ballroom of the Excel- New Jersey and ordered Federal aid to sup- sior Hotel in Little Rock. A tape was not available plement State and local recovery efforts in for verification of the content of this interview. the area struck by severe storms and flooding August 20–21.

September 24 Digest of Other In the morning, the President traveled to White House Announcements Pittsburgh, PA, and in the afternoon, he trav- eled to Little Rock, AR. The President announced his intention to The following list includes the President’s public nominate Joseph B. Dial to be a member schedule and other items of general interest an- of the Commodity Futures Trading Commis- nounced by the Office of the Press Secretary and sion. not included elsewhere in this issue. The President announced his intention to nominate Barbara Holum to be a member September 20 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commis- In the afternoon, the President and Hillary sion. Clinton traveled from Palo Alto, CA, to San The President announced his intention to Francisco, CA. In the evening, they returned nominate Shaun E. Donnelly to be Ambas- to Washington, DC, arriving after midnight. sador to Sri Lanka and Maldives.

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The President announced his intention to Nominations nominate Edward S. Walker, Jr., to be Am- Submitted to the Senate bassador to Israel. The President named James M. Lyons to be Special Adviser to the President and to The following list does not include promotions of the Secretary of State for Economic Initia- members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of For- tives for Ireland. eign Service officers.

Submitted September 22 September 25 Richard Frank Celeste, The President announced his intention to of Ohio, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and nominate Arthur Bienenstock to be Associate Plenipotentiary of the United States of Director for Science at the Office of Science America to India. and Technology Policy. Submitted September 24 The President announced his intention to nominate James E. Hall to be a member of Shaun Edward Donnelly, the National Transportation Safety Board. of Indiana, a career member of the Senior The President announced his intention to Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, nominate James Carew Rosapepe to be Am- to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni- bassador to Romania. potentiary of the United States of America The President announced his intention to to the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri nominate Peter F. Tufo to be Ambassador Lanka, and to serve concurrently and without to Hungary. additional compensation as Ambassador Ex- The President announced his intention to traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United nominate David W. Wilcox to be Assistant States of America to the Republic of Secretary for Economic Policy at the Treas- Maldives. ury Department. George Caram Steeh III, of Michigan, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan, vice Bar- bara K. Hackett, retired. September 26 In the morning, the President traveled to Arthur J. Tarnow, Houston, TX, arriving in the afternoon. In of Michigan, to be U.S. District Judge for the evening, he returned to Little Rock, AR. the Eastern District of Michigan, vice Julian The White House announced that the A. Cook, Jr., retired. President named the 1997 recipients of the Edward S. Walker, Jr., National Medal of Arts and the National Hu- of Maryland, a career member of the Senior manities Medal. The Medal of Arts recipients Foreign Service, class of Career Minister, to are: Louise Bourgeois, Betty Carter, Agnes be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni- Gund, Daniel Urban Kiley, Angela Lansbury, potentiary of the United States of America James Levine, Tito Puente, Jason Robards, to Israel. Edward Villella, Doc Watson, MacDowell Submitted September 25 Colony, and Jane Alexander. The National Humanities Medal recipients are: Nina M. David Timothy Johnson, Archabal, David A. Berry, Richard J. Franke, of Georgia, a career member of the Senior William Friday, Don Henley, Maxine Hong Foreign Service, class of Counselor, for the Kingston, Luis Leal, Martin E. Marty, Paul rank of Ambassador during his tenure of Mellon, and Studs Terkel. The President and service as Head of the United States Delega- Hillary Clinton will present the awards on tion to the Organization for Security and Co- September 29 at the White House. operation in Europe.

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Stanley Tuemler Escudero, whether a preliminary investigation is war- of Florida, a career member of the Senior ranted on 1996 campaign financing Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni- Released September 22 potentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Azerbaijan. Transcript of a press briefing by National Se- curity Adviser Samuel Berger, NSC Senior Daniel Fried, Director for Defense Policy and Arms Con- of the District of Columbia, a career member trol Robert Bell, Assistant Secretary of State of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Coun- Rick Inderfurth, Assistant Secretary of State selor, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and John Shattuck, and Press Secretary Mike Plenipotentiary of the United States of McCurry on the President’s visit to the Unit- America to the Republic of Poland. ed Nations Stanley Marcus, Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- of Florida, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the retary Mike McCurry and Assistant Secretary Eleventh Circuit, vice Peter T. Fay, retired. of State Rick Inderfurth on the President’s visit to the United Nations B. Lynn Pascoe, of Virginia, a career member of the Senior Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry: Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, Emergency Board Proposes Framework To for the rank of Ambassador during his tenure Settle Impasse Between Amtrak and its of service as Special Negotiator for Nagorno- Maintenance of Way Employees Karabakh. Fact sheet: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty James Carew Rosapepe, Fact sheet: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty of Maryland, to be Ambassador Extraor- Safeguards dinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Romania. Fact sheet: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Chronology During the Clinton Administra- Peter Francis Tufo, tion of New York, to be Ambassador Extraor- dinary and Plenipotentiary of the United Released September 23 States of America to the Republic of Hun- gary. Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- retary Mike McCurry David W. Wilcox, Advanced text of remarks by National Secu- of Virginia, to be an Assistant Secretary of rity Adviser Samuel L. Berger prepared for the Treasury, vice Joshua Gotbaum. delivery at Georgetown University

Released September 24 Checklist Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- of White House Press Releases retary Mike McCurry Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry: U.S. Economic Support for Northern Ireland The following list contains releases of the Office of the Press Secretary that are neither printed as Peace Process items nor covered by entries in the Digest of Statement by Press Secretary Mike McCurry: Other White House Announcements. National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) Released September 20 Announcement of nomination for U.S. Dis- Statement by Special Counsel Lanny J. Davis trict Judges for the Eastern District of Michi- on Justice Department action to determine gan and for the Northern District of Georgia

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Released September 25 Announcement of the 1997 recipients for the National Medal of Arts and the National Hu- Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- manities Medal retary Mike McCurry Announcement of nomination for a U.S. Court of Appeals Judge for the Eleventh Cir- cuit, Florida Acts Approved by the President Released September 26 Transcript of a press briefing by Press Sec- NOTE: No acts approved by the President were retary Mike McCurry received by the Office of the Federal Register during the period covered by this issue.

VerDate 22-AUG-97 08:10 Oct 01, 1997 Jkt 010199 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 1244 Sfmt 1244 W:\DISC\P39SE4.026 p39se4 United States Government BULK RATE Printing Office Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Government Printing Office PERMIT G-26 SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS Washington, D.C. 20402

OFFICIAL BUSINESS Penalty for private use, $300

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