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Working Papers
No. 6, November 2017 WORKING PAPERS MILITARY FACTORS IN THE MENA REGION: CHALLENGING TRENDS Sven Biscop and Julien Sassel This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No 693244 Middle East and North Africa Regional Architecture: Mapping Geopolitical Shifts, Regional Order and Domestic Transformations WORKING PAPERS No. 6, November 2017 MILITARY FACTORS IN THE MENA REGION: CHALLENGING TRENDS Sven Biscop and Julien Sassel1 ABSTRACT Although the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has witnessed a long series of conflicts since the end of the Second World War, it is now in the unprecedented situation where nearly all MENA states are involved to a certain extent in ongoing conflict (e.g. in the Iraq–Syria area; Libya; Yemen). MENA states are involved to different degrees in these conflicts, ranging from direct involvement on the ground or in the air, to the arming and training of armed non-state actors. This report assesses the evolution of the armed forces, procurement and the defence industry in the countries of the MENA region, starting with the major regional powers, whose leverage extends across the region. Second, it looks at the middle regional powers, those who have some capacity for power projection but mostly at the sub-regional level. This is followed by analysis of the remaining states, those with little or no capacity for power projection. Finally, the report looks at those states on whose territory war is currently being waged, where governments and non-state actors are vying for control of the national territory. -
Towards a Middle East at Peace: Hidden Issues in Arab–Israeli Hydropolitics
Water Resources Development, Vol. 20, No. 2, 193–204, June 2004 Towards a Middle East at Peace: Hidden Issues in Arab–Israeli Hydropolitics ARNON MEDZINI* & AARON T. WOLF** *Department of Geography, Oranim School of Education, Tivon, Israel **Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA ABSTRACT When peace negotiations do one day resume between Israelis and Arabs, shared water resources will again take centre stage, acting both as an irritant between the parties, and as a tremendous inducement to reach agreement. The ‘hidden’ hydropo- litical issues that will need to be resolved between Israel, Lebanon and Syria in the course of eventual boundary talks are considered. Two of these issues, the village of Ghajar and its relation to the Wazani Springs, and the possibility of groundwater flow from the Litani to the Jordan headwaters, change the fundamental understanding of the relation- ship between hydrologic and political claims, and could threaten the entire approach to water negotiations both between Israel and Syria and between Israel and Lebanon. Fortunately, other agreements within the basin can inform the path solutions here might take. The most critical step towards conflict resolution is separating the concepts of territorial sovereignty from water security. This can be done most effectively by offering joint management, monitoring and enforcement strategies, as well as encouraging greater transparency in water data across boundaries. Introduction Despite the current deadly, and apparently intractable, conflict between Israelis and Arabs, history suggests that peace negotiations will one day resume. When they do, shared water resources will again take centre stage, acting both as an irritant between the parties, and as a tremendous inducement to reach agree- ment. -
A Main Document V202
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: TELEVISION NEWS AND THE STATE IN LEBANON Jad P. Melki, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008 Dissertation directed by: Professor Susan D. Moeller College of Journalism This dissertation studies the relationship between television news and the state in Lebanon. It utilizes and reworks New Institutionalism theory by adding aspects of Mitchell’s state effect and other concepts devised from Carey and Foucault. The study starts with a macro-level analysis outlining the major cultural, economic and political factors that influenced the evolution of television news in that country. It then moves to a mezzo-level analysis of the institutional arrangements, routines and practices that dominated the news production process. Finally, it zooms in to a micro-level analysis of the final product of Lebanese broadcast news, focusing on the newscast, its rundown and scripts and the smaller elements that make up the television news story. The study concludes that the highly fragmented Lebanese society generated a similarly fragmented and deeply divided political/economic elite, which used its resources and access to the news media to solidify its status and, by doing so, recreated and confirmed the politico-sectarian divide in this country. In this vicious cycle, the institutionalized and instrumentalized television news played the role of mediator between the elites and their fragmented constituents, and simultaneously bolstered the political and economic power of the former while keeping the latter tightly held in their grip. The hard work and values of the individual journalist were systematically channeled through this powerful institutional mechanism and redirected to serve the top of the hierarchy. -
Hydropolitics and Issue-Linkage Along the Orontes River Basin:… 105 Realised in the Context of the Political Rapprochement in the 2000S, Has Also Ended (Daoudy 2013)
Int Environ Agreements (2020) 20:103–121 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-019-09462-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Hydropolitics and issue‑linkage along the Orontes River Basin: an analysis of the Lebanon–Syria and Syria–Turkey hydropolitical relations Ahmet Conker1 · Hussam Hussein2,3 Published online: 13 December 2019 © The Author(s) 2019 Abstract The Orontes River Basin is among the least researched transboundary water basins in the Middle East. The few studies on the Orontes have two main theoretical and empirical shortcomings. First, there is a lack of critical hydropolitics studies on this river. Second, those studies focus on either the Turkish–Syrian or Lebanese–Syria relations rather than analysing the case in a holistic way. Gathering both primary (international agreements, government documents, political statements and media outlets) and secondary sources, this paper seeks to answer how could Syria, as the basin hydro-hegemon, impose its control on the basin? This study argues that the lack of trilateral initiatives, which is also refected in academic studies, is primarily due to asymmetrical power dynamics. Accordingly, Syria played a dual-game by excluding each riparian, Turkey and Lebanon, and it dealt with the issue at the bilateral interaction. Syria has used its political infuence to maintain water control vis-à-vis Lebanon, while it has used non-cooperation with Turkey to exclude Tur- key from decision-making processes. The paper also argues that the historical background and the political context have strongly informed Syria’s water policy. Finally, given the recent regional political developments, the paper fnds that Syria’s power grip on the Orontes Basin slowly fades away because of the changes in the broader political context. -
A/64/742–S/2010/181 General Assembly Security Council
United Nations A/64/742–S/2010/181 General Assembly Distr.: General 13 April 2010 Security Council Original: English General Assembly Security Council Sixty-fourth session Sixty-fifth year Agenda item 65 (a) Promotion and protection of the rights of children Children and armed conflict Report of the Secretary-General I. Introduction 1. The present report, which covers the period from January to December 2009, is submitted pursuant to paragraph 19 of Security Council resolution 1882 (2009), by which the Council requested me to submit a report on the implementation of that resolution, resolutions 1261 (1999), 1314 (2000), 1379 (2001), 1460 (2003), 1539 (2004) and 1612 (2005), as well as its presidential statements on children and armed conflict. 2. The first part of the report (section II) includes information on measures undertaken by parties listed in the annexes to end all violations and abuses committed against children in armed conflict that serve as indicators of progress made in follow-up to the recommendations of the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict. The second part (section III) contains an update on the implementation of the monitoring and reporting mechanism established by the Council in its resolution 1612 (2005). The third part (section IV) of the report focuses on information on grave violations committed against children, in particular recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming of children, rape and other sexual violence against children, abductions of children, attacks on schools and -
Business Guide
TOURISM AGRIFOOD RENEWABLE TRANSPORT ENERGY AND LOGISTICS CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES BUSINESS GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN GUIDE RENEWABLERENEWABLERENEWABLERENEWABLERENEWABLE CULTURALCULTURALCULTURALCULTURALCULTURAL TRANSPORTTRANSPORTTRANSPORTTRANSPORTTRANSPORT AGRIFOODAGRIFOODAGRIFOODAGRIFOODAGRIFOOD ANDANDAND ANDCREATIVE ANDCREATIVE CREATIVE CREATIVE CREATIVE ENERGYENERGYENERGYENERGYENERGY TOURISMTOURISMTOURISMTOURISMTOURISM ANDANDAND ANDLOGISTICS ANDLOGISTICS LOGISTICS LOGISTICS LOGISTICS INDUSTRIESINDUSTRIESINDUSTRIESINDUSTRIESINDUSTRIES GROWTH GROWTH GROWTH GROWTH GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES IN OPPORTUNITIES IN OPPORTUNITIES IN OPPORTUNITIES IN OPPORTUNITIES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THE MEDITERRANEAN THE MEDITERRANEAN THE MEDITERRANEAN THE MEDITERRANEAN ALGERIA ALGERIA ALGERIA ALGERIA ALGERIA BUILDING AN INDUSTRY PREPARING FOR THE POST-OIL PROMOTING HERITAGE, EVERYTHING IS TO BE DONE! A MARKET OF 40 MILLION THAT MEETS THE NEEDS PERIOD KNOW-HOW… AND YOUTH! INHABITANTS TO BE OF THE COUNTRY! DEVELOPED! EGYPT EGYPT EGYPT REBUILD TRUST AND MOVE EGYPT SOLAR AND WIND ARE BETTING ON THE ARAB UPMARKET EGYPT PHARAONIC PROJECTS BOOMING WORLD’S CULTURAL THE GATEWAY TO AFRICA ON THE AGENDA CHAMPION AND THE MIDDLE EAST IN ISRAEL SEARCH FOR INVESTORS ISRAEL ACCELERATE THE EMERGENCE ISRAEL TAKE-OFF INITIATED! ISRAEL OF A CHEAPER HOLIDAY COLLABORATING WITH THE THE START-UP NATION AT THE OFFER ISRAEL WORLD CENTRE OF AGRITECH JORDAN FOREFRONT OF CREATIVITY LARGE PROJECTS… AND START-UPS! GREEN ELECTRICITY EXPORTS JORDAN JORDAN IN SIGHT JORDAN -
Toxicology in Antiquity
TOXICOLOGY IN ANTIQUITY Other published books in the History of Toxicology and Environmental Health series Wexler, History of Toxicology and Environmental Health: Toxicology in Antiquity, Volume I, May 2014, 978-0-12-800045-8 Wexler, History of Toxicology and Environmental Health: Toxicology in Antiquity, Volume II, September 2014, 978-0-12-801506-3 Wexler, Toxicology in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, March 2017, 978-0-12-809554-6 Bobst, History of Risk Assessment in Toxicology, October 2017, 978-0-12-809532-4 Balls, et al., The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology, October 2018, 978-0-12-813697-3 TOXICOLOGY IN ANTIQUITY SECOND EDITION Edited by PHILIP WEXLER Retired, National Library of Medicine’s (NLM) Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program, Bethesda, MD, USA Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom 525 B Street, Suite 1650, San Diego, CA 92101, United States 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom Copyright r 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). -
The Israeli Experience in Lebanon, 1982-1985
THE ISRAELI EXPERIENCE IN LEBANON, 1982-1985 Major George C. Solley Marine Corps Command and Staff College Marine Corps Development and Education Command Quantico, Virginia 10 May 1987 ABSTRACT Author: Solley, George C., Major, USMC Title: Israel's Lebanon War, 1982-1985 Date: 16 February 1987 On 6 June 1982, the armed forces of Israel invaded Lebanon in a campaign which, although initially perceived as limited in purpose, scope, and duration, would become the longest and most controversial military action in Israel's history. Operation Peace for Galilee was launched to meet five national strategy goals: (1) eliminate the PLO threat to Israel's northern border; (2) destroy the PLO infrastructure in Lebanon; (3) remove Syrian military presence in the Bekaa Valley and reduce its influence in Lebanon; (4) create a stable Lebanese government; and (5) therefore strengthen Israel's position in the West Bank. This study examines Israel's experience in Lebanon from the growth of a significant PLO threat during the 1970's to the present, concentrating on the events from the initial Israeli invasion in June 1982 to the completion of the withdrawal in June 1985. In doing so, the study pays particular attention to three aspects of the war: military operations, strategic goals, and overall results. The examination of the Lebanon War lends itself to division into three parts. Part One recounts the background necessary for an understanding of the war's context -- the growth of PLO power in Lebanon, the internal power struggle in Lebanon during the long and continuing civil war, and Israeli involvement in Lebanon prior to 1982. -
Broadcasting Regulation and Civil Society in Postwar Lebanon
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (ASC) Annenberg School for Communication 1998 Broadcasting Regulation and Civil Society in Postwar Lebanon Marwan M. Kraidy University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Kraidy, M. M. (1998). Broadcasting Regulation and Civil Society in Postwar Lebanon. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42 (3), 387-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838159809364457 NOTE: At the time of this publication, Marwan Kraidy was affiliated with the University of North Dakota. Currently (April 2013), he is a faculty member at the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/327 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Broadcasting Regulation and Civil Society in Postwar Lebanon Abstract Providing a regulatory framework for dozens of unlicensed wartime radio and television stations has been an arduous task for postwar Lebanese governments. Based on Lebanese media monitoring, a review of the Lebanese press, and interviews with media people in Lebanon, this study traces the development of broadcasting in prewar Lebanon, describes wartime changes, and discusses postwar broadcasting regulation in the country within the framework of civil society. Examining the factors that shaped regulation and the forces opposing it, this article calls for a more inclusive regulatory framework preserving national stability and media freedom. Disciplines Communication Comments NOTE: At the time of this publication, Marwan Kraidy was affiliated with the University of North Dakota. Currently (April 2013), he is a faculty member at the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania. -
Insights from the Second Lebanon War
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Browse Reports & Bookstore TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Defense Research Institute View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. All Glory Is Fleeting Insights from the Second Lebanon War Russell W. Glenn Prepared for the United States Joint Forces Command Approved for public release; distribution unlimited NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Joint Forces Command Joint Urban Operations Office. -
US Military Policy in the Middle East an Appraisal US Military Policy in the Middle East: an Appraisal
Research Paper Micah Zenko US and Americas Programme | October 2018 US Military Policy in the Middle East An Appraisal US Military Policy in the Middle East: An Appraisal Contents Summary 2 1 Introduction 3 2 Domestic Academic and Political Debates 7 3 Enduring and Current Presence 11 4 Security Cooperation: Training, Advice and Weapons Sales 21 5 Military Policy Objectives in the Middle East 27 Conclusion 31 About the Author 33 Acknowledgments 34 1 | Chatham House US Military Policy in the Middle East: An Appraisal Summary • Despite significant financial expenditure and thousands of lives lost, the American military presence in the Middle East retains bipartisan US support and incurs remarkably little oversight or public debate. Key US activities in the region consist of weapons sales to allied governments, military-to-military training programmes, counterterrorism operations and long-term troop deployments. • The US military presence in the Middle East is the culmination of a common bargain with Middle Eastern governments: security cooperation and military assistance in exchange for US access to military bases in the region. As a result, the US has substantial influence in the Middle East and can project military power quickly. However, working with partners whose interests sometimes conflict with one another has occasionally harmed long-term US objectives. • Since 1980, when President Carter remarked that outside intervention in the interests of the US in the Middle East would be ‘repelled by any means necessary’, the US has maintained a permanent and significant military presence in the region. • Two main schools of thought – ‘offshore balancing’ and ‘forward engagement’ – characterize the debate over the US presence in the Middle East. -
Warden's Kidnaper 7 North Victs Released
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