Datasheet A04323-1 Anti-ULBP1 Antibody

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Datasheet A04323-1 Anti-ULBP1 Antibody Product datasheet Anti-ULBP1 Antibody Catalog Number: A04323-1 BOSTER BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY Special NO.1, International Enterprise Center, 2nd Guanshan Road, Wuhan, China Web: www.boster.com.cn Phone: +86 27 67845390 Fax: +86 27 67845390 Email: [email protected] Basic Information Product Name Anti-ULBP1 Antibody Gene Name ULBP1 Source Rabbit IgG Species Reactivity human,mouse,rat Tested Application WB,IHC-P,FCM,Direct ELISA Contents 500ug/ml antibody with PBS ,0.02% NaN3 , 1mg BSA Immunogen E.coli-derived human ULBP1 recombinant protein (Position: W27-K209). Purification Immunogen affinity purified. Observed MW 28KD Dilution Ratios Western blot: 1:500-2000 Immunohistochemistry in paraffin section IHC-(P) 1:50-400 Flow cytometry (FCM): 1-3μg/1x106 cells Direct ELISA: 1:100-1000 (Boiling the paraffin sections in 10mM citrate buffer,pH6.0,or PH8.0 EDTA repair liquid for 20 mins is required for the staining of formalin/paraffin sections.) Optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user. Storage 12 months from date of receipt,-20℃ as supplied.6 months 2 to 8℃ after reconstitution. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing Background Information UL16 binding protein 1 (ULBP1) is a cell surface glycoprotein encoded by ULBP1 gene located on the chromosome 6. The protein encoded by this gene is a ligand of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D), an immune system-activating receptor on NK cells and T-cells. Binding of the encoded ligand to NKG2D leads to activation of several signal transduction pathways, including those of JAK2, STAT5, ERK and PI3K kinase/Akt. Also, in cytomegalovirus-infected cells, this ligand binds the UL16 glycoprotein and is prevented from activating the immune system. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Reference Anti-ULBP1 Antibody被引用在0文献中。 暂无引用 FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND CLINICAL USE. 1 Product datasheet Anti-ULBP1 Antibody Catalog Number: A04323-1 BOSTER BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY Special NO.1, International Enterprise Center, 2nd Guanshan Road, Wuhan, China Web: www.boster.com.cn Phone: +86 27 67845390 Fax: +86 27 67845390 Email: [email protected] Selected Validation Data Figure 1. Western blot Figure 2.IHC analysis analysis of anti- ULBP1 using anti- ULBP1 antibody (A04323-1).The antibody (A04323-1). sample well of each lane detected in paraffin- was loaded with 50ug of embedded section of sample under reducing human mammary cancer conditions.Lane 1: Rat tissue. Biotinylated goat lung tissue lysates,Lane 2: anti-rabbit IgG was used Mouse brain tissue as secondary antibody. lysates,Lane 3: Mouse The tissue section was heart tissue lysates,Lane developed using Strepavi 4: Mouse lung tissue din-Biotin-Complex lysates,Lane 5: human (SABC) (Catalog # hepg2 whole cell SA1022) with DAB as the lysates,Use rabbit anti- chromogen. ULBP1 1:1000, probed with a goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody. The signal is developed using an Enhanced Chemiluminescent detection (ECL) kit (Catalog # EK1002). A specific band was detected for ULBP1 at approximately 28KD. The expected band size for ULBP1 is at 28KD. Figure 3.IHC analysis Figure 4.Flow cytometry using anti- ULBP1 analysis of PC-3 antibody (A04323-1). cell(1x106) DyLight 488 detected in paraffin- conjugated goat anti- embedded section of rabbit IgG(blue) was used human mammary cancer as secondary tissue. Biotinylated goat antibody.Isotype control anti-rabbit IgG was used antibody (Green line) was as secondary antibody. rabbit IgG DyLight 488. The tissue section was Unlabelled sample (Red developed using Strepavi line). din-Biotin-Complex (SABC) (Catalog # SA1022) with DAB as the chromogen. FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND CLINICAL USE. 2 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).
Recommended publications
  • Regulation and Genetic Manipulation of Ligands for the Immunoreceptor NKG2D
    Regulation and Genetic Manipulation of Ligands for the Immunoreceptor NKG2D by Benjamin Gregory Gowen A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular and Cell Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor David H. Raulet, Chair Professor Gregory M. Barton Professor Michael Rape Professor Karsten Gronert Spring 2015 Abstract Regulation and Genetic Manipulation of Ligands for the Immunoreceptor NKG2D by Benjamin Gregory Gowen Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular and Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor David H. Raulet, Chair NKG2D is an important activating receptor expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and some subsets of T cells. NKG2D recognizes a family of cell surface protein ligands that are typically not expressed by healthy cells, but become upregulated by cellular stress associated with transformation or infection. Engagement of NKG2D by its ligands displayed on a target cell membrane leads to NK cell activation, cytokine secretion, and lysis of the target cell. Despite the importance of NKG2D for controlling tumors, the molecular mechanisms driving NKG2D ligand expression on tumor cells are not well defined. The work described in this dissertation was centered on the identification of novel regulators of ULBP1, one of the human NKG2D ligands. Using a forward genetic screen of a tumor-derived human cell line, we identified several novel factors supporting ULBP1 expression, and used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to further investigate these hits. Our results showed stepwise contributions of independent pathways working at multiple stages of ULBP1 biogenesis, including transcription of the ULBP1 gene, splicing of the ULBP1 mRNA, and additional co-translational or post-translational regulation of the ULBP1 protein.
    [Show full text]
  • Human NKG2D-Ligands: Cell Biology Strategies to Ensure Immune Recognition
    REVIEW ARTICLE published: 25 September 2012 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00299 Human NKG2D-ligands: cell biology strategies to ensure immune recognition Lola Fernández-Messina, HughT. Reyburn and Mar Valés-Gómez* Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain Edited by: Immune recognition mediated by the activating receptor NKG2D plays an important role Eric Vivier, Centre d’Immunologie de for the elimination of stressed cells, including tumors and virus-infected cells. On the other Marseille-Luminy, France hand, the ligands for NKG2D can also be shed into the sera of cancer patients where they Reviewed by: weaken the immune response by downmodulating the receptor on effector cells, mainly Sophie Caillat-Zucman, Institut National de la Santé et de la NK andT cells. Although both families of NKG2D-ligands, major histocompatibility complex Recherche Médicale, France class I-related chain (MIC) A/B and UL16 binding proteins (ULBPs), are related to MHC Daniela Pende, Istituto Di Ricovero molecules and their expression is increased after stress, many differences are observed e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San in terms of their biochemical properties and cell trafficking. In this paper, we summarize Martino – Istituto Scientifico Tumori, the variety of NKG2D-ligands and propose that selection pressure has driven evolution of Italy diversity in their trafficking and shedding, but not receptor binding affinity. However, it is *Correspondence: also possible to identify functional properties common to individual ULBP molecules and Mar Valés-Gómez, Departamento de MICA/B alleles, but not generally conserved within the MIC or ULBP families.These charac- Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo teristics likely represent examples of convergent evolution for efficient immune recognition, Superior de Investigaciones but are also attractive targets for pathogen immune evasion strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • NKG2D Ligands in Tumor Immunity
    Oncogene (2008) 27, 5944–5958 & 2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0950-9232/08 $32.00 www.nature.com/onc REVIEW NKG2D ligands in tumor immunity N Nausch and A Cerwenka Division of Innate Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany The activating receptor NKG2D (natural-killer group 2, activated NK cells sharing markers with dendritic cells member D) and its ligands play an important role in the (DCs), which are referred to as natural killer DCs NK, cd þ and CD8 þ T-cell-mediated immune response to or interferon (IFN)-producing killer DCs (Pillarisetty tumors. Ligands for NKG2D are rarely detectable on the et al., 2004; Chan et al., 2006; Taieb et al., 2006; surface of healthy cells and tissues, but are frequently Vosshenrich et al., 2007). In addition, NKG2D is expressed by tumor cell lines and in tumor tissues. It is present on the cell surface of all human CD8 þ T cells. evident that the expression levels of these ligands on target In contrast, in mice, expression of NKG2D is restricted cells have to be tightly regulated to allow immune cell to activated CD8 þ T cells (Ehrlich et al., 2005). In activation against tumors, but at the same time avoid tumor mouse models, NKG2D þ CD8 þ T cells prefer- destruction of healthy tissues. Importantly, it was recently entially accumulate in the tumor tissue (Gilfillan et al., discovered that another safeguard mechanism controlling 2002; Choi et al., 2007), suggesting that the activation via the receptor NKG2D exists. It was shown NKG2D þ CD8 þ T-cell population comprises T cells that NKG2D signaling is coupled to the IL-15 receptor involved in tumor cell recognition.
    [Show full text]
  • The Murine Cytomegalovirus Immunoevasin Gp40/M152 Inhibits
    The murine cytomegalovirus immunoevasin gp40/m152 inhibits activation of NK cell receptor NKG2D by intracellular retention and cell surface masking of RAE-1g ligand by Natalia Lis a Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Cell Biology Approved Dissertation Committee ________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sebastian Springer Jacobs University Bremen Prof. Dr. Susanne Illenberger Jacobs University Bremen Prof. Dr. Wolfram Brune Heinrich-Pette-Institut Hamburg Date of Defense: 04.09.2020 Life Sciences & Chemistry 2 Statutory Declaration Family Name, Given/First Name Natalia Lis Matriculation number 20331750 What kind of thesis are you submitting: PhD thesis Bachelor-, Master- or PhD-Thesis English: Declaration of Authorship I hereby declare that the thesis submitted was created and written solely by myself without any external support. Any sources, direct or indirect, are marked as such. I am aware of the fact that the contents of the thesis in digital form may be revised with regard to usage of unauthorized aid as well as whether the whole or parts of it may be identified as plagiarism. I do agree my work to be entered into a database for it to be compared with existing sources, where it will remain in order to enable further comparisons with future theses. This does not grant any rights of reproduction and usage, however. The Thesis has been written independently and has not been submitted at any other university for the conferral of a PhD degree; neither has the thesis been previously published in full. German: Erklärung der Autorenschaft (Urheberschaft) Ich erkläre hiermit, dass die vorliegende Arbeit ohne fremde Hilfe ausschließlich von mir erstellt und geschrieben worden ist.
    [Show full text]
  • The Human Cytomegalovirus Protein UL147A Downregulates the Most Prevalent MICA Allele
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.17.208462; this version posted July 17, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 The human cytomegalovirus protein UL147A downregulates the most prevalent MICA 2 allele: MICA*008, to evade NK cell-mediated killing 3 Einat Seidela¶, Liat Dassaa¶, Esther Oiknine-Djianb,c,d, Dana G. Wolfb,c,d, Vu Thuy Khanh Le- 4 Trillinge&* and Ofer Mandelboima&* 5 6 aThe Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Faculty of Medicine, The 7 Hebrew University Medical School, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel 8 bClinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel 9 cDepartment of Biochemistry, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel 10 dThe Chanock Center for Virology, IMRIC, Jerusalem, Israel 11 eInstitute for Virology of the University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 12 Germany 13 ¶ E.S. and L.D. contributed equally to this article. 14 & V.T.K.L.-T and O.M. contributed equally to this article. 15 * Address correspondence to [email protected] (V.T.K.L.-T), or 16 [email protected] (O.M.). 17 18 19 Running title: UL147A downregulates MICA*008 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.17.208462; this version posted July 17, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • ULBP1 Antibody (RQ5778)
    ULBP1 Antibody (RQ5778) Catalog No. Formulation Size RQ5778 0.5mg/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water 100 ug Bulk quote request Availability 1-3 business days Species Reactivity Human, Mouse, Rat Format Antigen affinity purified Clonality Polyclonal (rabbit origin) Isotype Rabbit IgG Purity Affinity purified Buffer Lyophilized from 1X PBS with 2% Trehalose and 0.025% sodium azide UniProt Q9BZM6 Applications Western blot : 0.5-1ug/ml Immunohistochemistry : 1-2ug/ml Flow cytometry : 1-3ug/million cells Direct ELISA : 0.1-0.5ug/ml Limitations This ULBP1 antibody is available for research use only. IHC staining of FFPE human breast cancer with ULBP1 antibody. HIER: boil tissue sections in pH8 EDTA for 20 min and allow to cool before testing. IHC staining of FFPE human breast cancer with ULBP1 antibody. HIER: boil tissue sections in pH8 EDTA for 20 min and allow to cool before testing. Western blot testing of 1) rat lung, 2) mouse brain, 3) mouse heart, 4) mouse lung and 5) human HepG2 lysate with ULBP1 antibody. Predicted molecular weight ~28 kDa. Flow cytometry testing of human PC-3 cells with ULBP1 antibody at 1ug/million cells (blocked with goat sera); Red=cells alone, Green=isotype control, Blue= ULBP1 antibody. Description UL16 binding protein 1 (ULBP1) is a cell surface glycoprotein encoded by ULBP1 gene located on the chromosome 6. The protein encoded by this gene is a ligand of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D), an immune system-activating receptor on NK cells and T-cells. Binding of the encoded ligand to NKG2D leads to activation of several signal transduction pathways, including those of JAK2, STAT5, ERK and PI3K kinase/Akt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hcmv Interactome: a Quantitative Analysis of Human Cytomegalovirus-Host Protein Interactions
    THE HCMV INTERACTOME: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-HOST PROTEIN INTERACTIONS Luís Miguel Veiga Nobre Department of Medicine University of Cambridge Darwin College January 2020 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy THE HCMV INTERACTOME: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-HOST PROTEIN INTERACTIONS Luís Miguel Veiga Nobre Summary Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that infects the majority of the adult population. Similarly to other herpesvirus, it is able to enter a state of latency, persisting within the host for life. Infection of healthy individuals is normally asymptomatic, however it is among the most common causes of allograft rejection, and can lead to several life-threatening diseases in the immunocompromised. Moreover, it is the leading viral infectious cause for congenital disease. HCMV encodes 171 canonical genes, and a substantial number of non-canonical ORFs have been identified by ribosome profiling and proteomics. The functions of many canonical HCMV proteins remain poorly understood, and it is not yet clear how many non-canonical ORFs encode functional polypeptides. Recent studies have provided an extensive overview on the modulation of gene expression as well as the spatio-temporal dynamics of viral and host proteins during HCMV infection. However, characterisation of specific protein-protein interactions and the exact molecular mechanisms underpinning the biological changes observed during viral infection are beyond the scope of these approaches. Affinity-purification mass spectrometry was performed to identify binding partners for 169 canonical, and 2 non-canonical HCMV proteins in infected cells. CompPass filtering determined an extensive network of high-confidence interacting proteins, with >3,400 virus-host and >150 virus-virus protein interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Convergent Evolution by Cancer and Viruses in Evading the NKG2D Immune Response
    cancers Review Convergent Evolution by Cancer and Viruses in Evading the NKG2D Immune Response Richard Baugh , Hena Khalique and Leonard W. Seymour * Anticancer Viruses and Cancer Vaccines Research Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; [email protected] (R.B.); [email protected] (H.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-01865-617331 Received: 13 November 2020; Accepted: 16 December 2020; Published: 18 December 2020 Simple Summary: Cells undergoing stress, viral infection, and malignant transformation express natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands on their surface, rendering them susceptible to immunosurveillance. Given this selective pressure exerted on viruses and cancer cells, many viruses and several cancers have evolved means of evading NKG2D recognition. This review highlights the various ways in which stresses, viruses and cancers induce the expression of NKG2D ligands, before comparing the similarities and differences between viral and cancer mechanisms to subsequently prevent recognition by the NKG2D system. Abstract: The natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor and its family of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) are key components in the innate immune system, triggering NK, γδ and CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses. While surface NKG2DL are rarely found on healthy cells, expression is significantly increased in response to various types of cellular stress, viral infection, and tumour cell transformation. In order to evade immune-mediated cytotoxicity, both pathogenic viruses and cancer cells have evolved various mechanisms of subverting immune defences and preventing NKG2DL expression. Comparisons of the mechanisms employed following virus infection or malignant transformation reveal a pattern of converging evolution at many of the key regulatory steps involved in NKG2DL expression and subsequent immune responses.
    [Show full text]
  • Gene Expression Profiling of Corpus Luteum Reveals Important
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Gene Expression Profiling of Corpus luteum Reveals Important Insights about Early Pregnancy in Domestic Sheep Kisun Pokharel 1 , Jaana Peippo 2, Melak Weldenegodguad 1 , Mervi Honkatukia 3, Meng-Hua Li 4,* and Juha Kantanen 2,* 1 Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland; kisun.pokharel@luke.fi (K.P.); melak.weldenegodguad@luke.fi (M.W.) 2 Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 31600 Jokioinen, Finland; jaana.peippo@luke.fi 3 NordGen—The Nordic Genetic Resources Center, 1432 Ås, Norway; [email protected] 4 College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.-H.L.); juha.kantanen@luke.fi (J.K.); Tel.: +358-295-326-210 (J.K.) Received: 2 March 2020; Accepted: 8 April 2020; Published: 10 April 2020 Abstract: The majority of pregnancy loss in ruminants occurs during the preimplantation stage, which is thus the most critical period determining reproductive success. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome study by sequencing total mRNA from corpus luteum (CL) collected during the preimplantation stage of pregnancy in Finnsheep, Texel and F1 crosses. A total of 21,287 genes were expressed in our data. Highly expressed autosomal genes in the CL were associated with biological processes such as progesterone formation (STAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B1) and embryo implantation (e.g., TIMP1, TIMP2 and TCTP). Among the list of differentially expressed genes, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins (SIGLEC3, SIGLEC14, SIGLEC8), ribosomal proteins (RPL17, RPL34, RPS3A, MRPS33) and chemokines (CCL5, CCL24, CXCL13, CXCL9) were upregulated in Finnsheep, while four multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) were upregulated in Texel ewes.
    [Show full text]
  • The NKG2D Ligand ULBP4 Is Not Expressed by Human Monocytes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.987917; this version posted March 24, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. The NKG2D ligand ULBP4 is not expressed by human monocytes Mariya Lazarova, Younghoon Kim, and Alexander Steinle Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. *correspondence to: [email protected] ORCID Alexander Steinle: 0000-0001-5081-8503 Keywords Innate immunity, innate lymphocytes, NK cell receptors, NKG2D, ULBP4 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.987917; this version posted March 24, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ABSTRACT The C-type lectin-like receptor NKG2D contributes to the immunosurveillance of virally infected and malignant cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes. A peculiar and puzzling feature of the NKG2D-based immunorecognition system is the high number of ligands for this single immunoreceptor. In humans, there are a total of eight NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) comprising two members of the MIC (MICA, MICB) and six members of the ULBP family of glycoproteins (ULBP1 to ULBP6). While MICA has been extensively studied with regard to its biochemistry, cellular expression and function, very little is known about the NKG2DL ULBP4.
    [Show full text]
  • NKG2D Natural Killer Cell Receptor—A Short Description and Potential Clinical Applications
    cells Review NKG2D Natural Killer Cell Receptor—A Short Description and Potential Clinical Applications Jagoda Siemaszko 1, Aleksandra Marzec-Przyszlak 2 and Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik 1,* 1 Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53114 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 41800 Zabrze, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Natural Killer (NK) cells are natural cytotoxic, effector cells of the innate immune system. They can recognize transformed or infected cells. NK cells are armed with a set of activating and inhibitory receptors which are able to bind to their ligands on target cells. The right balance between expression and activation of those receptors is fundamental for the proper functionality of NK cells. One of the best known activating receptors is NKG2D, a member of the CD94/NKG2 family. Due to a specific NKG2D binding with its eight different ligands, which are overexpressed in transformed, infected and stressed cells, NK cells are able to recognize and attack their targets. The NKG2D receptor has an enormous significance in various, autoimmune diseases, viral and bacterial infections as well as for transplantation outcomes and complications. This review focuses on the NKG2D receptor, the mechanism of its action, clinical relevance of its gene polymorphisms and a potential application in various clinical settings. Citation: Siemaszko, J.; Marzec-Przyszlak, A.; Keywords: NKG2D receptor; NKG2D ligands; NK cells Bogunia-Kubik, K. NKG2D Natural Killer Cell Receptor—A Short Description and Potential Clinical Applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Killer Cell Evasion by Rhesus Cytomegalovirus by Elizabeth
    Natural Killer Cell Evasion By Rhesus Cytomegalovirus by Elizabeth Rowland Sturgill A Dissertation Presented to the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology And the Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine In Fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………..III PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………………….V SELECTED ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………………...…VI 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 3 1.1 HERPESVIRUSES ................................................................................................. 3 1.1.1 Herpesviridae ................................................................................................... 3 1.1.2 Cytomegalovirus .............................................................................................. 5 1.1.2.1 HCMV Epidemiology and Pathogenesis .................................................... 5 1.1.2.2 CMV Biology .............................................................................................. 6 1.1.2.2.1 Genome Organization ........................................................................... 6 1.1.2.2.2 Virion Structure .................................................................................... 7 1.1.2.2.3 Cellular tropism .................................................................................... 8 1.1.2.2.4 Replication Cycle
    [Show full text]