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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0071096 A1 Yamada Et Al
US 20100071096A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0071096 A1 Yamada et al. (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 18, 2010 (54) PLANT DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGE Publication Classification CONTROL COMPOSITION AND PLANT (51) Int. Cl. DISEASE AND INSECT DAMAGE AOIH 5/10 (2006.01) PREVENTION METHOD AOIN 55/10 (2006.01) AOIN 25/26 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Eiichi Yamada, Chiba (JP): AOIH 5/00 (2006.01) Ryutaro Ezaki, Shiga (JP); AOIH 5/02 (2006.01) Hidenori Daido, Chiba (JP) AOIH 5/08 (2006.01) AOIP3/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: BUCHANAN, INGERSOLL & ROONEY PC (52) U.S. Cl. ............................ 800/295: 514/63; 504/100 POST OFFICE BOX 1404 (57) ABSTRACT ALEXANDRIA, VA 22313-1404 (US) The invention provides a plant disease and insect damage control composition including, as active ingredients, dinote (73) Assignee: Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Minato-ku furan and at least one fungicidal compound; and a plant (JP) disease and insect damage prevention method that includes applying Such a composition to a plant body, Soil, plant seed, (21) Appl. No.: 12/516,966 stored cereal, stored legume, stored fruit, stored vegetable, silage, stored flowering plant, or export/import timber. The (22) PCT Filed: Nov. 22, 2007 invention provides a new plant disease and insect damage (86). PCT No.: PCT/UP2007/072635 control composition and a plant disease and insect damage prevention method with very low toxicity to mammals and S371 (c)(1), fishes, the composition and method showing an effect against (2), (4) Date: May 29, 2009 plural pathogens and pest insects, including emerging resis tant pathogens and resistant pest insect, by application to a (30) Foreign Application Priority Data plant body, soil, plant seed, stored cereal, stored legume, stored fruit, stored vegetable, silage, stored flowering plant, Nov. -
Personality, Habitat Selection and Territoriality Kathleen Church A
Habitat Complexity and Behaviour: Personality, Habitat Selection and Territoriality Kathleen Church A Thesis In the Department of Biology Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Biology) at Concordia University Montréal, Québec, Canada July 2018 © Kathleen Church, 2018 iii Abstract Habitat complexity and behaviour: personality, habitat selection and territoriality Kathleen Church, Ph.D. Concordia University, 2018 Structurally complex habitats support high species diversity and promote ecosystem health and stability, however anthropogenic activity is causing natural forms of complexity to rapidly diminish. At the population level, reductions in complexity negatively affect densities of territorial species, as increased visual distance increases the territory size of individuals. Individual behaviour, including aggression, activity and boldness, is also altered by complexity, due to plastic behavioural responses to complexity, habitat selection by particular personality types, or both processes occurring simultaneously. This thesis explores the behavioural effects of habitat complexity in four chapters. The first chapter, a laboratory experiment based on the ideal free distribution, observes how convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) trade-off the higher foraging success obtainable in open habitats with the greater safety provided in complex habitats under overt predation threat. Dominants always preferred the complex habitat, forming ideal despotic distributions, while subordinates altered their habitat use in response to predation. The second chapter also employs the ideal free distribution to assess how convict cichlids within a dominance hierarchy trade-off between food monopolization and safety in the absence of a iv predator. Dominants again formed ideal despotic distributions in the complex habitat, while dominants with lower energetic states more strongly preferred the complex habitat. -
Insect Egg Size and Shape Evolve with Ecology but Not Developmental Rate Samuel H
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1302-4 Insect egg size and shape evolve with ecology but not developmental rate Samuel H. Church1,4*, Seth Donoughe1,3,4, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros1 & Cassandra G. Extavour1,2* Over the course of evolution, organism size has diversified markedly. Changes in size are thought to have occurred because of developmental, morphological and/or ecological pressures. To perform phylogenetic tests of the potential effects of these pressures, here we generated a dataset of more than ten thousand descriptions of insect eggs, and combined these with genetic and life-history datasets. We show that, across eight orders of magnitude of variation in egg volume, the relationship between size and shape itself evolves, such that previously predicted global patterns of scaling do not adequately explain the diversity in egg shapes. We show that egg size is not correlated with developmental rate and that, for many insects, egg size is not correlated with adult body size. Instead, we find that the evolution of parasitoidism and aquatic oviposition help to explain the diversification in the size and shape of insect eggs. Our study suggests that where eggs are laid, rather than universal allometric constants, underlies the evolution of insect egg size and shape. Size is a fundamental factor in many biological processes. The size of an 526 families and every currently described extant hexapod order24 organism may affect interactions both with other organisms and with (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1). We combined this dataset with the environment1,2, it scales with features of morphology and physi- backbone hexapod phylogenies25,26 that we enriched to include taxa ology3, and larger animals often have higher fitness4. -
Chemical Camouflage Protects Honeydew
vol. 175, no. 2 the american naturalist february 2010 Natural History Note Attracting Predators without Falling Prey: Chemical Camouflage Protects Honeydew-Producing Treehoppers from Ant Predation Henrique C. P. Silveira, Paulo S. Oliveira, and Jose´ R. Trigo* Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil Submitted May 26, 2009; Accepted September 17, 2009; Electronically published December 11, 2009 by the low dissemination of olfactory, auditory, or tactile abstract: Predaceous ants are dominant organisms on foliage and cues (Ruxton 2009 and references therein). For example, represent a constant threat to herbivorous insects. The honeydew of sap-feeding hemipterans has been suggested to appease aggressive Espelie et al. (1991) hypothesized that phytophagous in- ants, which then begin tending activities. Here, we manipulated the sects could remain cryptic as a result of the similarity of cuticular chemical profiles of freeze-dried insect prey to show that their cuticular compounds with those of their host plants, chemical background matching with the host plant protects Guaya- a defensive mechanism called chemical crypsis or chemical quila xiphias treehoppers against predaceous Camponotus crassus camouflage. Empirical support for this hypothesis was pro- ants, regardless of honeydew supply. Ant predation is increased when vided by Portugal and Trigo (2005), who demonstrated treehoppers are transferred to a nonhost plant with which they have low chemical similarity. Palatable moth larvae manipulated to match that the similarity of cuticular compounds between larvae the chemical background of Guayaquila’s host plant attracted lower of the butterfly Mechanitis polymnia (Nymphalidae) and numbers of predatory ants than unchanged controls. -
Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 139:A review 45–96 (2011)of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China... 45 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species Nan Jiang1,2,†, Dayong Xue1,‡, Hongxiang Han1,§ 1 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:F09E9F50-5E54-40FE-8C04-3CEA6565446B ‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:BBEC2B15-1EEE-40C4-90B0-EB6B116F2AED § urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1162241D-772E-4668-BAA3-F7E0AFBE21EE Corresponding author: Hongxiang Han ([email protected]) Academic editor: A.Hausmann | Received 26 March 2011 | Accepted 15 August 2011 | Published 25 October 2011 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F505D74E-1098-473D-B7DE-0ED283297B4F Citation: Jiang N, Xue D, Han H (2011) A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 139: 45–96. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 Abstract The genus Biston Leach, 1815 is reviewed for China. Seventeen species are recognized, of which B. me- diolata sp. n. is described. B. pustulata (Warren, 1896) and B. panterinaria exanthemata (Moore, 1888) are newly recorded for China. The following new synonyms are established: B. suppressaria suppressaria (Guenée, 1858) (= B. suppressaria benescripta (Prout, 1915), syn. n. = B. luculentus Inoue, 1992 syn. n.); B. falcata (Warren, 1893) (= Amphidasis erilda Oberthür, 1910, syn. -
Our Native Ferns and Their Alies : with Synoptical Descriptions of The
VNOTHBlRj^I^It)^. JNDERWOOD. /ll,^^' Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2008 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcli ive.org/details/5edournativefern00undeuoft OUR NATIVE FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES Synoptical Descriptions of the American PteridopJjyta Nort/j of Mexico LUCIEN MARCUS UNDERWOOD FIFTH EDITION, REVISED NEW YORK HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY 1896 Copyright, 1888, BY HENRY HOLT & CO. Drummond & NEU; Electrotypers, New York. PREFACE. The first edition of this manual was published in 1881 and tiie second in 1882 ; the continued call for copies of the work is the only apology for a new edition. During the past six years the interest in ferns has largely increased, and has resulted not only in a wider and more thorough study of known forms, but in the less explored portion of our territory new species are con- tinually being brought to light. Of the true ferns (forming the order Filices) 140 species were described in the first edition and 145 in the second; in the present edition 156 species are re- corded, while three species recognized in former editions liave been reduced to varieties. The Fern Allies are here augmented by the addition of a genus new to this country {Salvinia), and five species, two of which are here described for the first time ; a reduction of three species has resulted from a more extended study of large suites of specimens, so that 68 species are here recorded. While the general plan as developed in the former editions has not been greatly modified, the details of the entire work have been thoroughly revised in order that it may be in harmony with the present aspect of structural and systematic study which every year is adding to the sum of our knowledge. -
© Амурский Зоологический Журнал II(4), 2010. 303-321 © Amurian
© Амурский зоологический журнал II(4), 2010. 303-321 УДК 595.785 © Amurian zoological journal II(4), 2010. 303-321 ПЯДЕНИЦЫ (INSECTA, LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) БОЛЬШЕХЕХЦИРСКОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИ- КА (ОКРЕСТНОСТИ ХАБАРОВСКА) Е.А. Беляев1, С.В. Василенко2, В.В. Дубатолов2, А.М. Долгих3 [Belyaev E.A., Vasilenko S.V., Dubatolov V.V., Dolgikh A.M. Geometer moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera: Geometridae) of the Bolshekhekhtsirskii Nature Reserve (Khabarovsk suburbs)] 1Биолого-почвенный институт ДВО РАН, пр. Сто лет Владивостоку, 159, Владивосток, 690022, Россия. E-mail: beljaev@ibss. dvo.ru 1Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. 2Сибирский зоологический музей, Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАН, ул. Фрунзе 11, Новосибирск, 630091, Россия. E-mail: [email protected]. 2Siberian Zoological Museum, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze str. 11, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. 3Большехехцирский заповедник, ул. Юбилейная 8, пос. Бычиха, Хабаровский район, Хабаровский край, 680502, Россия. E-mail: [email protected]. 3Nature Reserve Bolshekhekhtsyrskii, Yubileinaya street 8, Bychikha, Khabarovsk District, Khabarovskii Krai, 680502, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]. Ключевые слова: Пяденицы,Geometridae, Большехехцирский заповедник, Хехцир, Хабаровск Key words: Geometer moths,Geometridae, Khekhtsyr, Khabarovsk, Russian Far East Резюме. Приводится 328 видов семейства Geometridae, собранных в Большехехцирском заповеднике. Среди них 34 вида впер- вые указаны для территории Хабаровского края. Summary. 328 Geometridae species were collected in the Bolshekhekhtsirskii Nature Reserve, 34 of them are recorded from Khabarovskii Krai for the first time. Большехехцирский заповедник, организованный в вершинным склонам среднегорья. -
8 March 2013, 381 P
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/273257107 Mason, P. G., D. R. Gillespie & C. Vincent (Eds.) 2013. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Pucón, Chile, 4-8 March 2013, 381 p. CONFERENCE PAPER · MARCH 2013 DOWNLOADS VIEWS 626 123 3 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Peter Mason Charles Vincent Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 96 PUBLICATIONS 738 CITATIONS 239 PUBLICATIONS 1,902 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: Charles Vincent Retrieved on: 13 August 2015 The correct citation of this work is: Peter G. Mason, David R. Gillespie and Charles Vincent (Eds.). 2013. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods. Pucón, Chile, 4-8 March 2013, 380 p. Proceedings of the 4th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS Pucón, Chile March 4-8, 2013 Peter G. Mason, David R. Gillespie and Charles Vincent (Eds.) 4th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS Pucón, Chile, March 4-8, 2013 PREFACE The Fourth International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, held in Pucón – Chile, continues the series of international symposia on the biological control of arthropods organized every four years. The first meeting was in Hawaii – USA during January 2002, followed by the Davos - Switzerland meeting during September 2005, and the Christchurch – New Zealand meeting during February 2009. The goal of these symposia is to create a forum where biological control researchers and practitioners can meet and exchange information, to promote discussions of up to date issues affecting biological control, particularly pertaining to the use of parasitoids and predators as biological control agents. -
Chemical Strategies to Deal with Ants: a Review of Mimicry, Camouflage, Propaganda, and Phytomimesis by Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Other Arthropods
Myrmecological News 11 173-181 Vienna, August 2008 Chemical strategies to deal with ants: a review of mimicry, camouflage, propaganda, and phytomimesis by ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and other arthropods Toshiharu AKINO Abstract Chemical tactics by ant social parasites, including myrmecophiles, often relate to ant nestmate recognition and alarm communication. The strict nestmate recognition system in ants can be disrupted by chemical imitation of the nestmate recognition pheromone, which consists of cuticular hydrocarbon components. Social parasites often acquire these com- ponents through direct body contact, but occasionally synthesize them even before ant adoption. Such an imitation of the host cuticular chemicals causes species-specific adoption of the parasites, which are then often taken care of by ants for long terms. In contrast, transient invaders often use a propaganda allomone that induces panic alarm responses in ants. The allomone occasionally even causes fighting among nestmate ants, and seems to disrupt the ant nestmate recogni- tion. These two chemical strategies are to modify the ant responses after ant detection. A third chemical strategy taken by some insect species is to avoid the detection itself, and is evidenced in the chemical phytomimesis by geometriid twig- like caterpillars. Since this counts upon the ants not to respond to the "invasion", it usually does not cause visible re- sponses when it works effectively. Appropriate evaluation methods are necessary to evaluate the ant responses induced by the parasites to reveal the underlying mimetic strategy. Key words: Chemical mimicry, camouflage, propaganda, crypsis, phytomimesis, cuticular hydrocarbons, review. Myrmecol. News 11: 173-181 (online 18 July 2008) ISSN 1994-4136 (print), ISSN 1997-3500 (online) Received 4 March 2008; revision received 3 June 2008; accepted 8 June 2008 Dr. -
Formosan Entomologist Journal Homepage: Entsocjournal.Yabee.Com.Tw
DOI:10.6662/TESFE.202002_40(1).002 台灣昆蟲 Formosan Entomol. 40: 10-83 (2020) 研究報告 Formosan Entomologist Journal Homepage: entsocjournal.yabee.com.tw An Annotated Checklist of Macro Moths in Mid- to High-Mountain Ranges of Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) Shipher Wu1*, Chien-Ming Fu2, Han-Rong Tzuoo3, Li-Cheng Shih4, Wei-Chun Chang5, Hsu-Hong Lin4 1 Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 2 No. 8, Tayuan 7th St., Taiping, Taichung 3 No. 9, Ln. 133, Chung Hsiao 3rd Rd., Puli, Nantou 4 Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou 5 Taipei City Youth Development Office, Taipei * Corresponding email: [email protected] Received: 21 February 2020 Accepted: 14 May 2020 Available online: 26 June 2020 ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to provide an annotated checklist of Macroheterocera (macro moths) in mid- to high-elevation regions (>2000 m above sea level) of Taiwan. Although such faunistic studies were conducted extensively in the region during the first decade of the early 20th century, there are a few new taxa, taxonomic revisions, misidentifications, and misspellings, which should be documented. We examined 1,276 species in 652 genera, 59 subfamilies, and 15 families. We propose 4 new combinations, namely Arichanna refracta Inoue, 1978 stat. nov.; Psyra matsumurai Bastelberger, 1909 stat. nov.; Olene baibarana (Matsumura, 1927) comb. nov.; and Cerynia usuguronis (Matsumura, 1927) comb. nov.. The noctuid Blepharita alpestris Chang, 1991 is regarded as a junior synonym of Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) (syn. nov.). The geometrids Palaseomystis falcataria (Moore, 1867 [1868]), Venusia megaspilata (Warren, 1895), and Gandaritis whitelyi (Butler, 1878) and the erebid Ericeia elongata Prout, 1929 are newly recorded in the fauna of Taiwan. -
Chemical Convergence Between a Guild of Facultative Myrmecophilous Caterpillars
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.178319; this version posted July 24, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Chemical convergence between a guild of facultative myrmecophilous caterpillars 2 and host plants 3 4 Chemical convergence in caterpillars 5 6 LUAN DIAS LIMA1, JOSÉ ROBERTO TRIGO2,†, and LUCAS AUGUSTO 7 KAMINSKI1,* 8 9 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, 10 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande 11 do Sul, Brazil. ORCiDs: LDL: 0000-0001-5414-3427; LAK: 0000-0002-6468-0960. +55 12 (51) 3308-7702 ; *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] 13 2 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de 14 Campinas, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. ORCiD: 0000-0003-3028- 15 5353. † Author deceased November 28th 2017 16 17 Abstract. 1. Ants exert a strong selective pressure on herbivorous insects, although some 18 caterpillars can live in symbiosis with them using chemical defensive strategies. 19 2. We investigated the adaptive resemblance of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) in 20 multitrophic systems involving a guild of facultative myrmecophilous caterpillar species 21 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), tending ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and host plants from 22 three families. We hypothesized that the CHCs of the caterpillars would resemble those 23 of their host plants (chemical camouflage). -
7 X 11.5 Long Title.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-15257-0 - Animal Camouflage: Mechanisms and Function Edited by Martin Stevens and Sami Merilaita Index More information Index acoustic crypsis, 331–336 186, 192, 193, 202, 214, 219, 238, 239, 240, addax, Addax nasomaculatus, 312 241, 245, 246, 248, 260, 261, 265, 266, 275, African hunting dog, Lyacon pictus, 311 299, 300, 307, 309, 314, 321, 338, 342 African linsang, Poiana richardsoni, 311 compromise background matching, 22, 23 Allocyclosa bifurca, 258 compromise strategy, 7 alpine grasshopper, Kosciuscola tristis, 244 general protective resemblance, 7 Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis, 314 specialisation–compromise continuum, 22, 29 American badger, Taxidea taxus, 303 specialist strategy, 7 angelfish, Centropyge bicolor, 200 banded palm civet, Hemilagus derbyanus, 309 angelfish, Pomacanthidae, 198, 199 bark beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugata, 345 angelfish, Pygoplites diacanthus, 200 bark beetle, Ips pini, 339 anglerfish, Antennariidae, 193 barracuda, Sphyraena helleri, 205 Angolan black-and-white colobus, Colobus bats, 129, 312, 331, 332, 335 angolensis, 307 constant absolute target direction strategy Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis, (CATD), 129 314 behavioural orientation, 114 apatetic coloration, 81, See background matching 102, 113, See also behaviourally mediated Apis mellifica, 262 crypsis aposematism, 4, 227, 230, 242, 259, 298, 299, 300, behaviourally mediated crypsis, 101, 245 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, decoration, See decoration 312, 321 disruptive coloration,