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US 20140256687A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0256687 A1 Tamura et al. (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 11, 2014 (54) AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL Publication Classi?cation INSECTICIDE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR USING THE SAME (51) Int. Cl. A01N57/14 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Shingo Tamura, Tokyo (JP); Takao A01N57/12 (2006.01) Aoki, Osaka (JP); Ken Kuriyama, A01N 41/10 (2006.01) Tokyo (JP) (52) U.S. Cl. CPC .............. .. A01N57/14 (2013.01); A01N41/10 (73) Assignee: NIHON NOHYAKU CO., LTD., Tokyo (2013.01); A01N57/12 (2013.01) (JP) USPC ........................................................ .. 514/136 (21) Appl. No.: 14/125,508 (57) ABSTRACT Provided are an agricultural and horticultural insecticide (22) PCT Filed: Jun. 28, 2012 composition comprising ?ubendiamide and dichlorvos and/ or profenofos as active ingredients; and a method for using an (86) PCT No.: PCT/JP2012/066474 agricultural and horticultural insecticide composition, com § 371 (0X1)’ prising treating insect pests directly, treating crops potentially (2), (4) Date: Feb. 14, 2014 infested With the insect pests, or treating surrounding soil or cultivation medium of the crops With an effective amount of (30) Foreign Application Priority Data an agricultural and horticultural insecticide composition comprising ?ubendiamide and dichlorvos and/ or profenofos Jun. 29, 2011 (JP) ............................... .. 2011444379 as active ingredients. US 2014/0256687 A1 Sep. 11,2014 AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL stances, the development of novel technologies for ef?ciently INSECTICIDE COMPOSITION AND controlling insect pests that have been dif?cult or impossible METHOD FOR USING THE SAME to control is desired. TECHNICAL FIELD Solution to Problem [0001] The present invention relates to an agricultural and [0013] The present inventors conducted extensive research horticultural insecticide composition comprising ?ubendia to solve the above-described problems. As a result, the mide and dichlorvos and/ or profenofos as active ingredients; present inventors found that a combined use of ?ubendiamide and a method for using the same. (general name) (chemical name: 3-iodo-W-(2-mesyl-1,1 dimethylethyl) -N- {4 -[1 ,2, 2, 2-tetra?uoro -1 -(tri?uorom BACKGROUND ART ethyl)ethyl]-o-tolyl}phthalamide), known as an agricultural and horticultural insecticide, and dichlorvos (general name) [0002] Flubendiamide is a commercially available com (chemical name: 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) and/ pound as an agricultural and horticultural insecticide. It is or profenofos (general name) (chemical name: O-4-bromo known that various combinations of ?ubendiamide or its rela 2-chlorophenyl O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate), simi tive compound and an agricultural and horticultural insecti larly each known as an agricultural and horticultural cide have a complementary effect on the insecticidal spec trum and that speci?c combinations of them produce a insecticide, has advantages over a separate use of each com pound, such as remarkable synergistic effect, expansion of synergistic effect (for example, see Patent Literature 1 to 5 the range of target insect pests, dose reduction, reduction of and Non Patent Literature 1). Dichlorvos and profenofos are treatment frequency, etc. Thus, the present invention was also commercially available compounds as agricultural and completed. horticultural insecticides (for example, see Patent Literature 6 and 7 and Non Patent Literature 1). However, compositions [0014] That is, the present invention relates to the follow comprising a combination of ?ubendiamide and dichlorvos ing. and/ or profenofos are not known, and it is not known at all that [1] An agricultural and horticultural insecticide composition the insecticidal effect of such a composition is synergistically comprising ?ubendiamide and dichlorvos and/ or profenofos greater than that of each compound used separately. as active ingredients. [2] The agricultural and horticultural insecticide composition CITATION LIST according to the above [1], comprising 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of dichlorvos and/or profenofos per part by mass of ?uben Patent Literature diamide. [0003] Patent Literature 1: JP-A 2001 -131 141 [3] A method for using an agricultural and horticultural insec [0004] Patent Literature 2: WO 2002/087334 ticide composition, comprising treating insect pests directly, treating crops potentially infested with the insect pests, or [0005] Patent Literature 3: WO 2004/034786 treating surrounding soil or cultivation medium of the crops [0006] Patent Literature 4: WO 2005/004603 with an effective amount of an agricultural and horticultural [0007] Patent Literature 5: WO 2005/004604 insecticide composition comprising ?ubendiamide and [0008] Patent Literature 6: US. Pat. No. 2,956,073 dichlorvos and/or profenofos as active ingredients. [0009] Patent Literature 7: GB Patent No. 1417116 [4] A method for controlling agricultural and horticultural insect pests, comprising treating insect pests directly, treating Non Patent Literature crops potentially infested with the insect pests, or treating surrounding soil or cultivation medium of the crops with an [0010] Non Patent Literature 1: effective amount of an optionally diluted formulation con [0011] The Pesticide Manual 14th Edition (British Crop taining ?ubendiamide as an active ingredient and an effective Production Council) amount of an optionally diluted formulation containing dichlorvos and/or profenofos as an active ingredient(s), the SUMMARY OF INVENTION two formulations being used separately but in the same period. Technical Problem [5] A method for controlling agricultural and horticultural [0012] In the production of agricultural produce, the dam insect pests, comprising treating insect pests directly, treating age caused by various insect pests is still large and treatment crops potentially infested with the insect pests, or treating with various insecticides is required for control of the insect surrounding soil or cultivation medium of the crops with an pests. Such insecticide treatment imposes a particularly great effective amount of an optionally diluted formulation con burden on farmers, and reducing the treatment operation has taining ?ubendiamide as an active ingredient and an effective been strongly desired in terms of occupational health, in amount of an optionally diluted formulation containing particular the reduction of farmers’ workload, as well as in dichlorvos and/or profenofos as an active ingredient(s), the terms of economics, in particular the reduction of production two formulations being used separately at a given interval. costs of agricultural produce. To this end, various kinds of [6] A method for controlling agricultural and horticultural agricultural and horticultural insecticide compositions have insect pests, comprising mixing an effective amount of a been developed. However, in conventional art, effective pest formulation containing ?ubendiamide as an active ingredient control cannot be achieved in some cases because of the kind and an effective amount of a formulation containing dichlo of insect pest to be controlled, habitat characteristics, devel rvos and/or profenofos as an active ingredient(s); optionally opment of insecticide resistance, etc. Under such circum diluting the mixture; and treating insect pests directly, treat US 2014/0256687 A1 Sep. 11,2014 ing crops potentially infested with the insect pests, or treating suspension concentrate (?owable), an emulsi?able suspen surrounding soil or cultivation medium of the crops with the sion concentrate, an emulsi?able concentrate, a soluble con optionally diluted mixture. centrate, a wettable powder, a water-dispersible granule, a granule, a dust, a microcapsule, a capsule, a tablet, a jumbo Advantageous Effects of Invention and a pack. [0015] The present invention relates to an agricultural and [0019] The inactive carrier may be a solid or liquid carrier. horticultural insecticide composition comprising ?ubendia Examples of the solid carrier include natural minerals, such as mide and dichlorvos and/ or profenofos as active ingredients; quartz, clay, kaolinite (kaolin), pyrophyllite, sericite, talc, and a method for using the same. The agricultural and horti bentonite, acid clay, attapulgite, zeolite and diatomite; inor cultural insecticide composition and the method have advan ganic salts, such as calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, tages over a separate use of each compound, such as remark sodium sulfate and potassium chloride; organic solid carriers, able synergistic effect, expansion of the range of target insect such as synthetic silicic acid, synthetic silicates, starch, cel pests, dose reduction, reduction of treatment frequency, etc. lulose and plant powders (for example, sawdust, coconut Therefore, the present invention provides a novel technology shell, corn cob, tobacco stalk, etc.); plastics carriers, such as for ef?ciently controlling insect pests that have been impos polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinylidene chloride; sible or dif?cult to control by conventional technologies. urea; hollow inorganic materials; hollow plastic materials; and fumed silica (white carbon). These solid carriers may be used alone or in a combination of two or more kinds. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS [0020] Examples of the liquid carrier include alcohols [0016] Flubendiamide, which is one of the active ingredi including monohydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, ents of the agricultural and horticultural insecticide compo
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  • Possible Enzymatic Mechanism Underlying Chemical Tolerance and Characteristics of Tolerant Population in Scapholeberis Kingi

    Possible Enzymatic Mechanism Underlying Chemical Tolerance and Characteristics of Tolerant Population in Scapholeberis Kingi

    Possible Enzymatic Mechanism Underlying Chemical Tolerance and Characteristics of Tolerant Population in Scapholeberis Kingi Makoto Ishimota ( [email protected] ) The Institute of Environmental Toxicology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4686-0244 Mebuki Kodama The Institute of Environmental Toxicology Naruto Tomiyama The Institute of Environmental Toxicology Research Article Keywords: Cladocera, Insecticide, Tolerance, Acetylcholinesterase, Peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Multi-generational study, Field population. Posted Date: May 17th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-492302/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/24 Abstract To determine the potential effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms inhabiting a realistic environment, we explored the characteristics and mechanisms of chemical tolerance in Scapholeberis kingi. We established a chemical-tolerant population via continuous exposure to pirimicarb, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, and examined the effects of pirimicarb concentration on the intrinsic growth rates (r) of tolerant cladocerans. We also explored the association between r and feeding rate and tested the involvement of antioxidant enzymes [peroxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase] and AChE in pirimicarb sensitivity. S. kingi was continuously exposed to sublethal pirimicarb concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/L) for 15 generations and changes (half maximal effective concentration at 48 h, 48 h-EC50) in chemical sensitivity were investigated. In the F14 generation, the sensitivity of the 10 µg/L group was three times lower than that of the control group, suggesting the acquisition of chemical tolerance. Moreover, r was signicantly and negatively correlated with 48 h-EC50, suggesting a tness cost for tolerance.