Making Transparency Possible
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MAKING TRANSPARENCY POSSIBLE Successes, results and impact 2006 - 2016 Successes, results and impact | 2006 – 2016 Successes, results and impact | 2006 – 2016 Innholdsfortegnelse Vision of PWYP Norway: Value creation from the oil, gas and the mining industry will benefit the society. The development goal of PWYP Norway: Citizens in countries with natural resources such as oil, gas and minerals have access to mobilize capital that can contribute to a sustainable development and economic justice. Published by: Publish What You Pay Norway (PWYP Norway) Year of publication: 2016 ISBN 978-82-93212-54-6 Written by: PWYP Norway Cover photo: Luis Arguello Print: Copy Cat This report was made possible with financial support from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad). We welcome any questions or clarification needs in writing to [email protected] Legal disclaimer: This publication is based on information provided to Publish What You Pay Norway (‘PWYP Norway’) and individuals acting on behalf of PWYP Norway. The conclusions presented herein are based only on information so provided. PWYP Norway and those acting on behalf of PWYP Norway have strived towards acquiring full overview of all relevant information and data to prepare this publication. We do not accept liability whatsoever for any insufficiency or inadequacy of the information and data that this publication is based upon. While PWYP Norway has taken all reasonable care to ensure that the information contained in this publication is accurate, publicly available information and data has not been verified by the companies or users and neither PWYP Norway nor any person acting on behalf of PWYP Norway in the drafting and preparation of this publication can be held legally responsible for the content or guarantee that it is totally free from errors or inaccuracies. Any references contained in this publication pertaining to any kind of sources, publications or websites from third parties, are inserted for convenience only and are purely for informative purposes. They do not constitute endorsement of material on those sites, publications or sources. PWYP Norway and those acting on its behalf accept no liability whatsoever for any loss or damage arising from the use of such information. 2 Publish What You Pay Norway Publish What You Pay Norway 3 Successes, results and impact | 2006 – 2016 Successes, results and impact | 2006 – 2016 CONTENT 1Introduction • It is not easy to sum up 10 years in a few paragraphs. • PWYP Norway’s programme areas are interconnected and Yet, the purpose here is to share some of our successes, interdependent, designed to work together to achieve Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................5 1 results and impact from 2006 up until 2016. our goals. Very briefly, PWYP Norway has focused on knowledge production and evidence-based investigations • PWYP Norway works in a particular political and on how to discover what leakages occur and what should 2 Knowledge production – why?................................................................................................. 6 economic context compared to our colleagues in over be done with the leakages. This knowledge has been 800 organisations from over 70 countries in the world made available through direct cooperation with civil that form the global Publish What You Pay network. society in the global South and information work. Direct cooperation with civil society in the South – why? ..............8 3 • Many issues that civil society in other states struggle with, • Developing countries loose more money on illicit capital are things we take as a given in Norway. PWYP Norway flows than they receive in aid and foreign investments works for the overarching goals in the global campaign combined. Illicit capital flows have increased by 9,4% per 4 Information work - Why?...................................................................................................................10 and sees these as the minimum requirements for the annum in developing countries in the period 2003-2012. transparency that a country should have in place. This is around twice as much as the increase in global GDP over the same period. • Norway is considered one of the world’s best in natural Our work presented in timelines . 12 5 resource governance with mechanisms for control and • The global inequality has reached a tipping point. integrity. Norwegian expertise along the whole value Governments all over the world are under pressure to chain of extractive industry has been requested by other provide more transparency. Unfortunately, governments 6 Join the debate .............................................................................................................................................. 22 states. in many states have answered with crackdowns on civil society. • Yet, our system is not perfect. PWYP Norway has an independent responsibility and duty to develop our • The picture on our front page is from a demonstration Thank you! .............................................................................................................................................................. 23 7 objectives for our own country, priorities and strategies in Ecuador, where an activist is wearing “the anonymous” that reflect the issues of concern for our local civil society mask. It can symbolize that many people now think that organisations and the relevant needs and necessary Wikileaks is more useful source of information than priorities in our country context. governments. History has shown what happens when governments fail to provide relevant and necessary information and welfare to its citizens. 4 Publish What You Pay Norway Publish What You Pay Norway 5 Successes, results and impact | 2006 – 2016 Successes, results and impact | 2006 – 2016 The Minister of Energy and Minerals, Peter Lokeris, reads thorugh one of the reports pub- lished by PWYP Norway under a debate in Kampala, Uganda 2014. Photo: PWYP Norway. What is the effect on society? t &YUSBDUJWFJOEVTUSJFTBSFCJHVTFSTPGBöOBODJBM • Natural resources have the largest value creation potential to What have we achieved? JOTUSVNFOUDBMMFEEFSJWBUJWFT XIJDIDBOCFBCVTFEUP mobilize tax revenue, but profit often ends up elsewhere USBOTGFSSFWFOVFTCFGPSFJUTUBYFEPVUPGIPTUDPVOUSJFT • Today, the Extractive Industries can transfer significant profits t 5IFWBMVFCFIJOEBMMEFSJWBUJWFTJTUJNFTUIFXPSME(%1 out of the source country before it’s get taxed t 0OFTJNQMFQPMJDZQSPQPTBMDBOCFFOBDUFEVQPO • One simple policy proposal, aligned with US and EU regulation, will give investors and constituents the instrument to follow their money VOJMBUFSBMMZUIBU̓DBOTUPQBCVTFXIJMFQSPUFDUJOHQSPQFS VTFPGUIFTFJOTUSVNFOUT • The proposal links taxpayments to the audited financial statements TRACE BRIEFINGS 2010-2011 through 8 simple accounting numbers %&$&.#&3 QXZQOP 8SJUUFOCZ'SJBO"BSTOFT NOVEMBER 2013 pwyp.no Written by Richard Murphy, rewritten and adapted by Frian Aarsnes Examining oil extraction and transparency in Bolivia, Ecuador and Nicaragua Protection from Reports: 17 derivative abuse An Extended country by country Briefings: 12 reporting. A policy proposal to the EU. Vol. 2. Seminars/conferences: 12 The TRACE Programme and this report is financially supported by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) through the Oil for Development-programme. The views and opinions expressed in the briefings are those of the contributing authors and editors and do not necessarily represent the views of Publish What You Pay Norway or the financing institution. Opinion pieces: t 0WFSCJMMJPO64%IBWFEJTBQQFBSFEUISPVHINJTQSJDJOHPG 13 DSVEFPJMJOUIF64BOEUIF&6CFUXFFOBOE t 3FWFBMFE5FOPGUIFXPSME}TNPTUQPXFSGVM • Can a strict duty of confidentiality for lawyers t 1SPöUTIBWFCFFONPWFEGSPNUIFTPVSDFDPVOUSZUPUIFFYUSBDUJWF FYUSBDUJWFJOEVTUSZHJBOUTPXOBUMFBTU harm the global market? JOEVTUSZDPNQBOJFT TVCTJEJBSJFT • What is the rationale for the strict duty of confidentiality? t *O%FDFNCFS UIF/FUIFSMBOETJNQPSUFEDSVEFPJMGPSUIF t 0WFSPGUIFTVCTJEJBSJFTBSFJODPSQPSBUFE • What should be safeguarded? QSJDFPG &VSPQFSCCMXIJMFUIFTQPUNBSLFUQSJDFTXFSFOP JOTFDSFDZKVSJTEJDUJPOT What should not be safeguarded? MPXFSUIBO&VSP SFTVMUJOHJOBOVOEFSFWBMVBUJPOPGBSPVOE t 5IFRVFTUCZ-BUJO"NFSJDBOKPVSOBMJTUT • Does a strict duty of confidentiality NJMMJPO&VSPUPUIFTPVSDFDPVOUSZ stand in the way of human rights? UPUSZUPGJOEPVUNPSF +"/6"3: QXZQOP 8SJUUFOCZ4JNPO+1BL 1I% /07&.#&3 QXZQOP 8SJUUFOBOESFTFBSDIFECZ/JDL.BUIJBTPO APRIL 2013 pwyp.no Lost billions The publications are available on our website in Norwegian, Transfer Pricing in the Extractive Industries Silence is golden Piping profits English and Spanish., both as full reports and as two-paged briefings. Briefings are particularly important for politicians and civil society as brief introductions for feature articles, media reports and campaign work. For ten years now, PWYP Norway has been contributing with • In 2012, government expenditure worldwide was USD 28 656 billion. Total tax burden was USD 18 821 billion. our knowledge about which leakages occur where, what • This huge discrepancy can be reduced by closing loopholes HELP US CONTINUE OURBRIEFING WORK: BRIEFING in tax systems and preventing capital flight Do you think our work is important? MARCH 2015 • This report is about analyzing and fixing loopholes in tax systems – increasing cost-efficiency and ensuring