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Home , Brenda Cannell, Brian Hancock, Ceartas, Christian Bonnet, Donald Gelling, Forbairt Feirste

No. 105 Spring 1999 £2.00

• in the

• Pressing on

• The Challenge of the Assembly for

• League Secretary General in South Armagh

• Matearn? Drew Manmn Hedna?

• Building Inter-Celtic Links - An Opportunity through Sport for Mannin

ALBA: C O M U N N

B r e i z h CEILTEACH • BREIZH: KEVRE KELTIEK • CYMRU: UNDEB CELTAIDD • EIRE: CONRADH CEILTEACH • KERNOW: KESUNYANS KELTEK • MANNIN: CEÜCIC LEAGUE COMMEEYS CELTIAGH Danmhairceach agus an rùnaire no a' bhan- ritnaire aige, a dhol limcheall air an Roinn i r ^ » Eòrpa air sgath nan cànain bheaga... Chunnaic sibh iomadh uair agus bha sibh scachd sgith dhen Phàrlamaid agus cr 1 3 a sliopadh sibh a-mach gu aighcaraeh air lorg obair sna cuirtean-lagha. Chan eil neach i______ii nas freagarraiche na sibh p-fhèin feadh Dainmheag uile gu leir! “Ach an aontaich luchd na Pàrlamaid?” “Aontaichidh iad, gun teagamh... nach Hans Skaggemk, do chord iad an òraid agaibh mu cor na cànain againn ann an Schleswig-Holstein! Abair gun robh Hans lan de Ball Vàidaojaid dh’aoibhneas. Dhèanadh a dhicheall air sgath nan cànain beaga san Roinn Eòrpa direach mar a rinn e airson na Daineis ann atha airchoireiginn, fhuair Rinn Skagerrak a dhicheall a an Schieswig-I lolstein! Skaggerak ]¡l¡r ori dio-uglm ami an mhinicheadh nach robh e ach na neo-ncach “Ach tha an obair seo ro chunnartach," LSchlesvvig-Molstein. De thuirt e sa Phàrlamaid. Ach cha do thuig a cho- arsa bodach na Pàrlamaid gu trom- innte ach:- ogha idir. chridheach. “Posda?” arsa esan. “Trobhad air ball. Hans. Cha robh ach aon fhreagairt aig Henrik, “Uime sin, bithidh an dreuchd seo bhon a tha thu elio cumhachdach a-nisd "Dèan rudeigin!” uamhasach cunnartach. Birds i ceangail- sa phàrlamaid ann an Copenhagen. Air tilleadh do Chopenhagen dh’aithris posaldh an duine aig an robh an dreuchd sco Tha ceist ro mhòr agami Hans a h-uile cail do cheann-suidhe na gus a-nis agus an duine roimh sin. Bha na Mise do cho-gha spèiseil. Pàrlamaid. mnathan aca aonranach agus iad a’ Hendrik Skaggerak. ‘‘Skagerrak, dèanaibh bhur òraid Di h- feitheamh aig an taigh! Abair gun robh iad "Nochd e an litir don cheann-suidhe agus Aoine feasgar." arsa bodach na Pàrlamaid. feargach nuair an do chuimhnich gun robh na gheall e gun bheireadh e cobhair dha. ‘‘Cha bhi mòran ann agus cha bhi iad ag daoinc aca agus na ban-rimairean aca a' An deidh ioniadh cruaidh-chas ghoid A’ cisdeachd gu dùrachdach. fuireach anns an aon taigh-osda thall thairis.” Ghearmaill an tir seo sa bhliadhna 1864. Thuig am fear-lagha gum biodh sin ceart “Mata, tillidh mi Di-Luain eomhla ris a' Ach a dh'aindeoin sin tha fuidheall a’ gu leoir oir cha bhiodh e a’ bruidhinn mu bhan-runaire agam,” arsa Hans, “agus bruidhinn na Daineis. dheighinn prìs chàise no ime no hama! innsidh i dhuibh ma bhios a' bhcan agam Bha c a’ coiseachd comhla ris a’ cho- Rinn an Ball Pàrlamaid beag a dhicheall gu bhi eudach!” ogha Henrik. “ Di h-Aoine feasgar ach cha robh ach Agus chaidh am fear-lagha dhachaidh le Mar a bha iad a’ gabhail ceum seachad sàmhair ann. Nuair a thug e an òraid aige fìamh-ghàire air a bhilean. air achadh farsaing de chruithneachd bha buill na Pàrlamaid eile cho samhach ri “Chan eil sinn a’ dol a-mach an nochd, buidhc. ach: eaglais fhalamh! Nuair an do stad e, cha Mhàiri. a ghraidh.” arsa Hans, nuair a thill Dh'innis an tualhanaeh ris a' Bhall d'thuirt ach fear no dhà, “Meal do e dhachaidh don mhnaoi aige. “Bithidh Pàrlamaid na bha eeàrr. naidheachd!” nuair a thachair iad ris. duine a’ tighinn an seo aig seachd uairean “Teagaisgidh iad a h-uile cail tre na Le sin smuain Hans Skagerrak gun robh an nochd agus teagaisgidh e thusa clò- Gearmailteis, bheil fliios agad?” arsa an òraid aige gun fheum sam bith. sgriobhadh (typing), faidhleadh is dealbh- Henrik. Air an adhbhar sin chuir fiosradh on sgriobhadh agus tillidh e Di-Satharna is Di- “ I'ùigidh mise gu bheil thu a' bruidhinn cheann-suidhe iongnadh mòr air an flicar- Dòmhnaich. Phaidh mi gu daor.” mu dheigliinn nan sgoiltean an seo ann an lagha. DtTaontaich Mairi gu dùrachdach agus Schleswig-Holstein?” Thuirt bodach na Pàrlamaid gun do bhiodh i ainmichte “Màiri Hansen” mar a “Scadh. Hans, na sgoiltean!” arsa an dh'ordaich Rùnaire Dhúthchannan Céin an bha i mus do phòs i Hans. tuathanach. teachdaire Danmhairceach gus a' Di-Luain bha iad le chèile an lathair Chuala Skaggerak uair airchoircigin gun Gheamiailt cuis luchd labhairt na Daineis bodach na Pàrlamaid. robh a‘ chànain Albannach... a Ghàidhlig ann an Schleswig-Holstein a thagair air “A bheit sibh cinnteach. A' Mhaighdean ... a' dol a dholaidh ann an aon doigh far beulaibh Seansailear na Gearmaill e-dièin. Hansen nach hiodh a' Bhean-phòsda an robh daoine a" teagaisg tre na Bearla sna do bhrìgh ha h-òraid. Skaggerak ag eudach agus sibhse is sgoiltean. Agus dè thuirt riaghladair na Gearmaill Maighstir Skaggerak nur aonar a' dol "Bha arcànain daonnan na Daineis, bheil Konrad Adenaer ach... timeheal air an Roinn Eòrpa às a fhios agad.” arsa Henrik. ‘‘Ceart gu leoir. ghoid sinn Schleswig- h-eugmhais?” arsa am bodach aosda liath. "Gun teagamh sam bith, fad mile Holstein coir is ciad bliadhna air ais. Le sin “Bha mi eòlach oirre fad mo bhcatha bliadhna bha sinn ga bruidhinn roimh thug bithidh sinn a’ teagaisg tre na Daineis anns agus tha fios agam nach biodh i mi- luchd na Gearmailteis buaidh oirnn.” gach sgoil anns gach sgire far a bheil Daineis thoilichtc idir. idir.” fhreagair Hans Skaggerak. fhathast roimh ceann na bliadhna seo!" “Glò mhath.” arsa ceann na Pàrlamaid. "Chuala mi mu dheighinn paraman an Choisin Hans an Ball Pàrlamaid cliù ro "bithidh an dreuchd agaibh. gun dàil.” seo a' bruidhinn na Daineis agus gu trie mhòr mar thoradh air a' bhuaidh seo. Ach Agus sin mar a bha Hans a’ neartachadh freagaireadh a- chlann aca sa Gearmailteis dhi-chuimhnich a h-uile duine ann an ùine na Gàidhlig le ùghdarras a' Mhargadh ... an seo ann an Schleswig-Holstein... bu gheàrr! Coitcheann F.òrpach agus mur an robh An mhòr am beud,” arsa Hans. Di h-Aoine feasgar bliadhnachan an Danmhairg na rioghachd a bha fèin- “Chruitheachd bheannaichte! Nach duine dcidh sin. riaghladh bhiodh e a’ Icanntain an lagha mòr a tha annad! Sa Phàrlamaid ann an “Seo agaibh litir on Mhargadh Coitcheann ann an Copenhagen fliathast! Copenhagen!... dean rudeigin!” dh'èigh an Kórpach.” arsa ceann-suidhe na Pàrlamaid...... Chan eile an storaidh seo na h- tuathanach àrd làidir. “a‘ tairgsinn dreuchd do neach uirsgeul (fiction) idir ach tulsgan na lirinn. Gaelic in the Scottish Parliament Gaelic is to be an official language in the ethnic minority languages of is to Whafs In Scottish Parliament. This was the verdict of follow. the Consultative Steering Group on the While English is to be the norma! Scottish Parliament, the group charged with language of the Scottish Parliament, the use the drawing up of the standing orders for of Gaelic will be allowed subject to prior A (fame? the Parliament. Their 170 page report notice being given to the presiding officer. “Shaping Scotland’s Parliament” was Simultaneous translation equipment will be released in mid January. A summary leaflet present to translate Gaelic speeches and A small like the in Gaelic and the five most commonly used these speeches will be reported bilingually Scottish Green Party always expects to in the Parliaments official report (Hansard). have to overcome obstacles at As there are unlikely to be many Gaelic elections. Not being able to use the party’s name, however, was a problem Hans Skaggerak. contd... speakers elected to parliament, however, these facilities are unlikely to be made use they had not anticipated! of often. Under the rules for elections to the An robh fearlagha Danmhairgeaeh ann? Gu Marc obvious to the general public will Scottish Parliament, parties must be dearbli bha, d'am b'ainm Skadegard agus be the bilingual Gaelic/English signs in the registered, to avoid confusion at the sgriobh mi an cachdraidh sco sa chiad dol Parliament which the Consultative Steering ballot box. There was an infamous case am mach bliadhnachain air ais nuair a bha Group has recommended. The Parliament’s in where an unknown Skadegard beò. Ach bha e ’na dhuine public information centre is also to produce independent had stood as a “Literal anabarrach faircachal agus leis a sin bha regular information bulletins in Gaelic democrat” to take votes away from the eagal orm gum biodh e fo chradii nuair a specifically targeted at the Gaelic speaking Liberal Democrats and allow another party to win, and the new rules were ehual e an eachdraidh sea. Le sin, population. The proposals have been warmly meant to stop such abuses. dh'atharraich mi ‘ainm gu Skaggerak Unfortunately the Registrar of (caolas eadar Danmhairg is ). welcomed by the Gaelic groups, all of whom had been lobbying hard for such an Political Parties has interpreted this as Ach. mu dheireadh thall, chaoehail outcome. There was. however, meaning that there cannot be two Skadegard agus thuig m i gum biodh e ceart disappointment as to the oath to be taken by “Green” parties registered separately in gu leor an eùnntas seo a chuir an ciò. MSPs. The oath must be taken in English, the UK. Ach dé deireadh na eiiise? though it may be repeated in any other Scottish Green Party press officer Dr Chaidh Skadegard agus a' bhcan aige language subsequently. This lias been seen Eleanor Scott explained: “Apparently limcheall air a‘ Mhargadh Coiteheann air as an insult to Gaelic by language activists. the registrar is worried that candidates sgath na canaio as lugha agus mu dheireadh The content of the oath, which involves from the Green Party of England and Wales could stand in Scotland, or the thall thuig iad gun robh e feumail biiiro swearing loyalty to the monarchy has also caused controversy and has been criticised Scottish Green Party could decide to (bureau) a steidheachadh agus sco agad field candidates in England or Wales. The European Bureau for Lesser Used by many as a cynical measure introduced solely to cause offence to nationalists and "Both parties have let him see the Languages, IO Sràid Haisle lochi.. Baile socialists. relevant bits of their constitutions. That Arila Cliath 2, Eire Ma bhios an It also currently unclear whether or not of the Scottish Green Party clearly leughadair togarraeh an iris aca there is to be a parliamentary Gaelic states that the party exists to fight fhaighinn... an "Coniaci Bulletin" aca... committee, a Parliamentary Gaelic officer , and there is a sgriobh chuca... or staff’ translators. The issue of whether or similar section in the GPEW 's Gilleasbuig MacMhuirich not there is to be a right for constituents to constitution. That did not satisfy him. (Gilleasbuig Lachlain ’llleasbuig) correspond with their MSP in Gaelic and to “The legislation covering registration receive a reply in Gaelic is not covered in of political parties was so badly drafted Summary the report either. that there is no appeal procedure built in. We have tried to enlist the help of II hen the Skadegards (the Copenhagen Alasdair MacCaluim Scottish minister Henry lawyer and his wife) reached Scotland he Mcleish but he has refused our offer of recounted to the writer liow he had worked a meeting.’’ an innocent ruse to have his wife son luchd ionnsachaidh is luchd Gitidhlig The Scottish Green Party became accompany him as his secretary for Gaelic learners and supporters independent from the then UK Green throughout the European Community on Party nine years ago, with the full ag adhartachadh na Gitidhlig behalf of the Community's Lesser Used promoting the Gaelic language support of Greens in England. Wales Languages. He said that he had had to and (the latter has employ the term "lesser used languages " iris son fios is itidh is oideas since also become an independent after meeting "King" John MacCormick of mag for news, interest, learning party). The parties along with Comhaontas Glas in Ireland cooperate the Scottish Covenant. Since MacCormick an raiheacnan Gâiuniig- lie Gaelici ngtisb extensively and have regular meetings, had taken grave exception to Skadegard Beurla taoMi rt taobh, parallel text quarterly ar.-asgxidh de biiuül - mag. free lo members - but the now face the describing Gaelic as "a minority language cuir son sarrtiila a send for samole extras prospect of having to pretend to be part of Scotland. ” Cottuofn an-drâsta! from Colhrom novd of the Green Party of England and "Gaelic is the Scottish Language, " annual membership - UK £15 Overseas £15 Wales for this election. declared MacCormick. "much persecuted UK unwaged £10 subscribing organisation £25 The initially and neglected for centuries in favour of the (rul tuaiimseacha-mhbin £20 = CS52/USS33 approx guide only) also laced problems with registration !" credit card payment automatically converts currency but its application has now been This historic encounter lead to the accepted. Dr Scoit added “We are Send also for free contact details lor all registered Gaelic dubs, grateful for the support wc have organisation being named The European classes & courses in your area - and distance learning' received over this from other parties Bureau for Lesser Used Languages. like the SNP and from organisations Should any reader wish to receive their ballrachd is etle - www.gaeiic.net/cll - lor membership and more CU. 62 Pflomh Stiràid. Inbhir Ghòidam IV18 ODH like the ”. puh!¡cation the Bureau should be written to CU, 62 High St Invergordon IV I8 OOH, Scotland Eleanor Scott for its "Contact Bulletin " address above “H" Fón/facs *44 (0) 1349 854848 e mad: cWggaehe net Families near the The British nuclear Chapelcross nuclear industry has an NATO W arned plant, in S W Scotland, Call to Avert overwhelming are to be issued with dependence on O ver Scots G uards j anti-radiation tablets for Millennium computers for safety- use in the event of an critical applications. A emergency. The recent report of the j The Celtic League has written to all j decision seems to Melt-Down British Health and i NATO countries highlighting the British j indicate an increasing Safety Commissions | government’s decision to allow j wariness by the nuclear Nuelear Safety j convicted murderers back into the j industry over safety as we approach the Advisory Committee (NuSAC) was hardly British Army on discharge from prison j millennium. a ringing endorsement of the industries The League highlights the cases of the j Last month the Irish government ability to meet best standards. two Scots guardsmen, Mark Wright and indicated it was concerned about the In the past few weeks a serious James Fisher, and also parachute efficacy of computer systems in British incident at the Scottish nuclear power regiment m urderer Lee Clegg. nuclear power stations and the possible station at Hunterston (B) in Ayrshire The League say that it is incumbent on impact of the ‘millennium bug’. Ireland is provided a graphic illustration of the the NATO countries to advise their to sLage a major test of its “revised nuclear continuing danger that nuclear sites in citizens if convicted murderers are emergency plan” later this year. The Scotland, England and north Wales pose. included in armed detachments deployed Celtic League, which monitors nuclear The Celtic League has written to Irish on exercise in their countries. pollution problems in the Irish sea area, government Minister Joe Jacob urging The League also question if the itave also expressed concern at the dearth Ireland to press the United Kingdom j employment of murderers in the British of information on preparations that the government to hold a millennium safety j armed forces is not in itself a breach by British nuclear industry are making to audit of all computer systems at British the British of the preamble to the North meet any possible threat. nuclear facilities. Atlantic Treaty. J B Moffatt

SPEECH Campaign for Radio THERAPY nan Gaidheal CAMPAIGN The Gaelic playgroups movement Comhairle nan Sgoiltean Araich has launched a campaign for the fairer throughout Scotland treatment of Gaelic by speech therapists. They are concerned by the fact that non- Gaelic speaking speech therapists often Reports in the West Highland Free Gaelic activists outside Scotland can attempt to discourage parents from sending Press have suggested that the BBC have no also help by sending postcards of their children with speech problems to Gaelic plans to extend Radio nan Gaidheal to town and asking in Gaelic or English when medium units or from speaking to them in cover the whole of Scotland in the they will be able to receive Radio nan Gaelic. Such advice is due to at best to foreseeable future. For this reason, Comann Gaidheal. perhaps through satellite or the extreme ignorance and at worst to anti- Ceilteach Oilthigh Dhitn Eideann internet. English and Welsh supporters of Gaelic prejudice and has no clinical ( University’s Gaelic and Celtic Gaelic might also ask for a resumption of justification. languages society) have launched a Medium Wave broadcasting of Gaelic campaign for Lhe national availability of radio. A suitable message might be “Cuine Radio nan Gaidheal. We are asking a bhios Radio nan Gaidheal ri lhaighinn air speakers and supporters of Gaelic to send feadh na h-Aiba agus air saideal is air an picture-postcards of the town in which they eadar-lion?” (when will Radio nan live (or of the closest town for which a Gaidheal be available throughout Scotland postcard is produced) to the Controller of and on satellite and the internet?). BBC Scotland, asking him when Radio nan Send your postcards to: John Gaidheal will be available throughout McCormick. Controller. BBC Scotland, Scotland. Broadcasting House. Queen Margaret This campaign is a simple and a fun Drive. G12 8DG. It was announced in February that one. Simply write your name and address It would greatly help our campaign if Glasgow is to be the home to Scotland's on the postcard and send it to the controller the BBC were to receive cards from each of first all-Gaelic school. The school, which is of BBC Scotland with a short message in the Celtic Countries and further afield. Let Gaelic or English asking for a national us know how you get on! to be situated close to the university at Woodlands in the city’s west-end will be Gaelic radio service. Something such as Alasdair MacCaluim "Cuinc a bhios Radio nan Gaidheal ri the only school where all pupils are educated ihrough the medium of Gaelic. tliaighinn air feadh na duthcha?” or “when Oifigearnan lomairtean. will Radio nan Gaidheal be available Comann Ceilteach Oilthigh Dhiin Eideann. Up until this point, all of Scotland’s Gaelic throughout Scotland?” should suffice. c/o Edinburgh University Celtic medium teaching has taken place through Please make the effort to write whether or Department, Gaelic units within otherwise English speaking schools. The victory of Gaelic not you are able to receive Radio nan 19 George Square. Edinburgh F.H8 8! IF activists in Glasgow has given hope to Gaidheal in your area. [email protected] those campaigning for Gaelic schools in Edinburgh and Inverness. gemeronl ket perzh er stourm. En ur c'hendnlc’h a gouraterien-beajin Amorikan. ar c’hendalc'h brasafi biskoazh e Skos. e voe digoret an divizoii gant kanerien ar strollad Capercaillie. Trelatet e oa ar selaouerien, ar 5000 anezho. ne ouient ket e oa ur sevenadur dibar da Skosiz. Pebezh plijadur evito an dizoloadenn-se! E Norzh Lanarkshire em eus gwelet peseurt labour kalonek a reer evit ledah an anaoudcgezh eus ar yezh gant ur skol- varam, ur skol kentari derez. kalz klasou V 4w C^elsIcoUAJcur evit tud en oad gour hag. ur rouedad kevredigezhel evit harpafi an dra-se: panellou straed divyezhel en Ardrie na voent ket lamet kuit goude Gouel ar Mod. Ma vefe prest an dud e karg d’ober diouzh ar skoueriou-se e kement lec'h m'en a’z eer eus Fort William, e penn estreget ar genwerzhouriezh c Sabhal Mòr goulenner ha pa ve un tammig nebeutocMi mervcnt ar Ganol Galedoniat. vvar-du Ostaig. Tu a vo da aozañ un aotreegezh ivez. neuze e vefemp krog-mat da adober yezh ha sevenadur gouezelek hag un Par c’hornóg e tizlier porzh Mallaig ha eus ar skoseg un elfenn greftv eus gwiad goude treizhañ strizh-mor Sleibhtc c vezer aotreegezh all. Gouezeleg ha Studioù hor buhez kevredigezhel hep redi na droug Norzhatlantek. Fellout a ra d‘ar renerezh cn Ardvasar cn Inis Sgitheanach (Skye). da zen ebet.” Ac’hano n'eus nemet ur c'hardeur baie obcr eus al lec'h-se kreiz ar gouezelva Wilson en deus diskouezet petra betek Sabhal Mòr Ostaig. El lec’h-se emeur skosat hag iwerzhonat en ur zedennañ a c'liall ur ministr ober evit adsav ur yezli o paouez digeriti un “adskol-veur" a reer studierien eus Kanada hag ar Stadoù- p’en devez galloud ha youl. Koulskoude, e- Arainn Chaluim Chille anezhi. Kevreet e Unanet koulz hag eus Iwerzhon. ha Skos kerzh ar brezegenn-se a roas da c'houzout Ile bezañ gant adskolioù-meur all e-barzh evel-just. ivez e oa o paouez bezai! anvet d'ur garg ur roucdad a gevrennoù cus Skoí-Veur an E Gwcngolo tremenet e tapas un all, ministr ar Greanterezh hag ar Uheldirioù hag an Inizi, un ensavadur trogoni bennak a studierien o aotreegezh C’henwerzh. Evitart eo ur c'hammcd d'an kenwerzhouriezh. E gwirionez an darn nevez hi ivez: en diskar-amzer tremenet eo nee’h moarvat, met peseurt gounid d’ar ez eo kroget da vont en-dro. Ar Sabhal Mòr vrasañ anezho a bell a oa studierezed. skoseg? E warlerc'hiad evel ministr evit ar - "ar C’hrafij Vras” — a oa un ti da lan Ministr ar Skoseg hag an Deskadurczh, Yezh. Calum Mac , n'emafi ket an Noble, un aotrou hag a zo pcrc'henn 3000 Brian Wilson, a zeuas da zereiñ o zestenioù Dcskadurezh en e garg. Gant ma ne vo ket hektar a zouar fraost evit ar pep brasai!, er dezho ha war un dro da zigeriñ an Arainn. diaesael gam ar c'hemm-se trevell ar re a c'hom-bro. Kement-mañ ne vir ket outañ a E-pad an herrad ma’z co bet e garg ober striv da gavout digor d'ar skoseg er vezañ tre a-du gant adsav ar skoseg. Goude war-dro aferioù ar yezh en deus diskouezet skolioii! d’an ti bras bezañ bet adaozet a-zoare e voe e oa mennet-mat da wellaat he stad. Ezel eo Mac Donald a zegasas keleier mat da tu da vodañ cno tud en oad gour da zeskiñ eus Strollad al Labour, kaer eo gouzout. An Duel ar Mod e miz Here. Divizet e oa. ar yezh. e skoliüú-hañv pe e dibennoù beligentañ o vezañ ken kreñv ciré ar emcz&fl, sinai! ha peurwiriekaat Karta strollad-se had ar Strollad Broadel e sizhun. Pemzek vloaz ‘zo bennak e voe F.uropat ar Yezhou Bihanniver. Ne vo graet troet d'ur skolaj trede live evit studioù c’hallcd gortoz e vije e brczcgenn digarez ken nemel evit 35 mellad. an nebcutaft kenwerzhouriezh ha merouriezh aierioù dre dezhañ da vragal gant ar pezh a ra rekis... Met diogelaal a raio dere (dezvad) hanterouriezh ar skoseg, Deuet eo da vat ha gouarnamant London, abaoe m’emafi Tony ar skoseg e-kefiver al lezenn. N'eo nemel Blair e penn, a-du gant ar skoseg, Padal, mat-tre gant an embregad-se. kcn en deus an derou, emezafi. Kejet o doa e gargldi roet atiz da ziorren ar skol. pouezañ a reas kentoc’h war talvoudegezh gant dilennidi kevredigezhiou yezh evit E. Mezheven 1997 pa oa aet ar yezh evit buhez ar vro hag eus an pledift gant o c'hinnigou arbennik. prezidantez Iwerzhon. , da diaeslerioù a ranko-hi trcc'hiñ wamo. Kemenn a reas e oa kresket ar skoazcil Skos da geñver eñvoridigezh marv Sant “Peseurt endro a gavo ar studierien er a vo roet d'ar Mod eus £85.000 da Colín Chille, diazezour manati brudet Iona, gevredigezh skosat evit a sell ouzh imply o £100.000 en tri bloaz'zeu. Da aozaduriou 1400 vloaz ‘oa, e voe pedet da blantañ ur barregezh war dachenn ar skoseg? A dra all e vo roet muioc'h a arc'hant a-berzii sur en deus graet kammedoù brav vvar-raok wezenn e-tal Sabhal Mòr. da verkañ an Stad ivez: £300.000 da Coniunn na divizsevel ar gevrenn nevez. Gant-se e voe nevez’zo. er skinwel. en deskadurczh. el Gaidhlig, £143.000 d'ar Gaelic Playgroups merket ivez youl Gouezeled iwerzhon ha lennegezh, h.a. Kement-se zo c'hoarvezet (Skoliou-mamm a laka ar vugale da zeskih kalz a-drugarez da youl vat ha brokusted ar Skos da startaal o daremprcdoù un tamm skoseg e-ser c'hoari). £43,000 gouarnamant. Biskoazh n’eus bet hini ebet sevenadurel dre ur raklun kefridiel anvet evit an Arzhou Gouezel (C’hoariva h.a.) ha tuet ken mat ha hini da Intrudu Colm Chille end-eeun. £22.000 evit C.L.I. (un aozadur a embann skoazetlaiì hor yezh. Met ret eo anzav e vo C'hwcc'h milion a lurioù breìzhveuriat ar c’hannadig COTHROM, ennafi keleier a oa gouestlet evit savadurioù an Arainn: hir an hent ken he devo tu da c'hoari ar roll eus ar stourm evit ar yezh. hag a bouez wrar eo barrek dioutañ e buhez ar vro. Rak ma pevar milion evit kreizenn ar studioù ha an dilennidi hag ar c'henstrolladou skraber ar gorre e weler e vez nac'het atav daou evit hini al lojeiz. Prest e oa rannad ar armezhel ha kevredigezhel evit ma tennfent he zalvoudegezh hag e vager outi enebiezh studioù en diskar-amzer tremenet. Aze ez implij anezhi). En holl ez eus evel-se ur eus ur sai vras enni ardivinkoit-kelenn ha- a-leizh zoken. Ma vounter start evit reiñ c'hresk a £64.000. N'eo ket ur maread. Met muioc’h a frankiz dezhi e vez klevet o deskiñ hag ul levraoueg, ur sai evit daoust hag emafi Strollad al Labour bodadegoù a c'haller ninnai! e kombodoù sevel ken buan grozmol tud hag o deus kretlvoc'h eget ar Strollad Broadel a-du levezon hag int o klemm: "Betek amañ ya bihanoc'h. peder sai evit ar e’hentelioù ha gant ar skoseg? Fionnlaigh Mac Leoid. met arabat mom pelloc'h!'’ teir evit sonenskrivadurioù. Ouzhpenn-se unan eus renerier luskad ar “Playgroups'', N'eus ket a-walc'h a ledander spcred e- ur sai evit enklaskoù hag ur sal-debriñ vras. ezel eus an SNP abaoe 20 \ loaz. a roas e mesk Skosiz da welet e vele spletus dezho Rannad al lojeiz zo anezhi daou savadur. zilez e miz Here pa gave dezhah ne oa ket e-keñver ar e'henwerzh koulz hag ar enno aezamantoù eus an amevesañ. Unan ar strollad-se engouestlet a-walc'h er sevenadur ma vcfe kreñv o skiant eus ar anezho zo e stumm un tour ma weler stourm evit ar yezh. Digasted? Jedaduriou diwamdñ ar rannvro gaer. mor ha menezioù pezh ez ini e gwirionez. o hevelepted. Evel dilennadegel? tro-vvar-dro. Ennañ e vo lojet. estreget ministr e karg a’r skoseg em eus bet tro A. Heusaff studierien, kelennerien hagostizidi. meur a wezh da welet penaos e e'hall bezañ DKvar vremaiì e e'hallor età studiai! iniplijet ha brudel e-touez ar re na Summary Sabhal Mor Ostaig (Isle o f Skye) has developed from being a centre for adults learning Scottish and then for students of /\ttp it ion doing third level business studies through Scottish to a university college offering also courses in language he demand for bilingual Breton- bilingual stream system. As for training and culture. Its new buildings cost £6 French schools (or streams in the bilingual teachers in sufficient numbers to million. It was opened in September by the Tpublic and private-Catholic schools) meet the previsible needs, the Department then Minister for Gaelic who referred to has grown stronger from year to year - see disclaims responsibility. If recourse has to the good progress being made by the Carn Nr 104. But as if alarmed that such a be made to auxiliary' teachers, the quality of language and to the obstacles in its way. trend could pose a threat to the position of teaching is bound to suffer, but it is up to the , obstacles and pretexts the parents to find a remedy. If classes are for not meeting this demand are being over-crowded, they only have to refuse multiplied by the officials of the French pupils! The could-not-givc-a-damn attitude Department of Education. Their opposition was best exemplified by the recent uses indirect arguments, e.g. that there is appointment to a bilingual class of a also a shortage of teachers for monolingual teacher who had not a word of Breton. flvel or Yro. schools, or that ail public school teachers On 11-01-99, Jean-Do Robin, president should be available for service anywhere in of UGB, the Breton Teachers Association, ur c ’heyreod the State. A climate of uncertainty is submitted a dossier to the minister of fostered around the bilingual schools or education, making out the case for a classes, regarding the continuity of the scheme for recruiting and training teachers neve* teaching, its quality, its availability, or for the public bilingual French--'Regional conditions of employment. It looks very languages”. It made the following points: Un dek kevredigezh bennak e much as if the Department hopes that this Lesrjeven o deus en era glevet evit kenlabourat drc un aozadur nevez. Avel ar Vro. E sez e Plas Europa zo bet digorct cz ofisiel e miz Here tremenet. Ul lec'h arouezel eo, kinnigct ma’z eo bet gant an ti-kèr evit sikour personelezh Vreizh da vont war-raok un Europa en amzer da zont. Kevredigezhioù a bep seurt eo ar re o deus krouct Avel ar Vro. Menegomp da gcntafi Skol Diwan Lesneven, Evit ar Vretoned (Kentelioù-noz brezlioneg), Dastum Bro-Leon (Sonerczh ha Kanennoù hcngounel). Ar Vro Bagan (C'hoariva), Keltik- Associations (kas en-dro, “animasionnoù’'). E-barzh cman ivez Skoitg al Louarn (mirdi), Mirdi Leon, ha war dachenn ar sportoli Skol Gouren Lesneven ha Tro Bro-Leon (rcdadegoii marc’h-houarn). Lakaomp c’hoazh Bleunioù Balan (dafis ha sonerczh), UGB delegation (withJ.D. Robin on the right) Kerabers. h.a. Ur goulcnn krefiv zo on the way to meeting with W. Marois, 12.2.98. ivez war du ar c’hevelerezhioù. Evit ar c'houlz. ar strolladoù dans widespread interest in Breton. Basque. 1 The Department of Education cannot ha sonerczh co a vez klask ar muian Occitan, etc. will wane and eventually warno. AhendalL drc Dastum ha be unaware of nor disregard the 1995 dwindle or that by making it necessary to ministerial circular recognising the kevredigezhioù all e teli dcomp aozan go on struggling, demonstrating, fund­ public schools' obligation to provide diskouezadegoù hag abadcnnoù kas en- dro a-hcd an hanv evit an douristed. raising discouragement will some day set bilingual education wherever parents it. Just pretend to do something, cancel want it for their children; Hag a-raok dibenn ar bloaz-mafi e vo concessions after a while listen patiently to 2 The increasing demand (+20% embannet ul levrig-Leon evel m'eo bel complaints, render them ineffective by annually) from the parents and the gract gam kevredigezhioù Bro-Dreger. inertia, let people believe these languages community cannot be compared with a Evit lakaat lafls ha startijenn en ti. are now taught and recognised... weakly expressed interest in getting for Avel diouzh un tu ha Dastum - Leon In 1995, the minister of Education put diouzh an tu all o deus c'hoant da the children a superficial introduction out a circular allowing the public schools to to the language which some counter c'hopran un den yaouank. Tu a vo set up bilingual streams, parallel to the propose; neuze da grcskiri ar c'henlabour etre ar monolingual French classes, where the strolladoù zo deuet e-barzh ar 3 The shortage of qualified (tenure- demand from parents was sufficient. But c'hevread. Un urzhiataer a vo prenet holding) teachers aoes on increasing (2 neither the officials nor the school ivez evit levraoueg Dastum. Marleze e in 1997. 6 in 1998. 15-18? in 1999). vo gallet sevel ur rouedad eus ar principals were under any obligation to nor for lack of a reserve of applicants, actively promote bilingualism, e.g. making c'hevreadoù en hanternoz Breizh. eus but because proper provisions are not Brest da Vro-Dreger. Ur pai evit ar it known to pupils or parents that such made for recruiting and training; c'hantved da zont. teaching could be availed of. There was no 4 To fill the deficit, recourse to auxiliary attempt at coordinating arrangements for it. teachers has become more and more A school inspector stated a year ago that Gi Keltik frequent in primary schools, to the officially, there was no such a thing as a detriment of the quality of the teaching; 5 The Department committed itself to quotas of posts for the Divvan and (Basque) SEASKA associated schools Under the yoke but not for the public schools which are are left to depend on a haphazard nnie Alexandre was sentenced at a Festival for the recognition of Breton as an method for nominating the necessary special court in on Jan. 29th official language. teachers; Ato serve 6 months of imprisonment, Michel Herjean, secretary of Skoazell 6 The basic need for a system of while Bernard Michon got 10 months Vreizh, an association which gives recruiting and training bilingual suspended, for giving shelter to Basque financial help to families of Breton teachers lies at the very heard of the refugees whom they believed were prisoners, was subjected last year to preoccupations of those who. like the threatened with torture if they were unjustified arrest in Central . He is thousands who demonstrated in returned to . taking a case against the préfet of the Indre Kemper (5/12/-) and Bayonne On Feb. 23rd, Gerard Bernard was department and the police commandant of (19/12/-). stand for the teaching of the sentenced in to serve one month Issoudun for illegal use against him of so-called regional languages; imprisonment, while Klaod an Duigou got unofficial documents relating to actions of 7 The Department’s rejection of this a suspended one month sentence and a his which were amnestied almost 20 years demand is tantamount to a repudiation 6000F fine, both being accused of having ago. of the 1995 Circular. By proposing no broken a window at the Gwengamp alternative solution, it appears to be courthouse during a demonstration in banking on a gradual disintegration support of who had also sheltered of bilingual teaching. The present Basques. They deny the evidence against government's policy regarding these them and have decided to take their case to languages is certainly a retreat from the the Court of Cassation. If necessary they position taken by its predecessor. It will go to the European Court. Duigou has empties of political significance the long been subject to police harassment. He declarations of the Prime Minister in has played an active part in Stourm ar favour of signing the European Charter Brezhoneg. for Regional or Minority Language. Faflch Bideault was in court in An Oriant/Lorient on March 25th, as a The UGB president points out that the consequence of a demonstration organised membership of the Breton Basque. Occitan by EMGANN during the Interceltic Klaod an Duigou language movements leans generally to the left. It is far from being a negligible electoral factor. The government parties should bear this in mind. On the 11th of January. J.D. Robin also !Mwaum P raam s ©m wrote to the Head of Education in . William Marois. requesting un interview for a delegation of the UGB to discuss or a new Diwan school to be opened, difficulties. There tire projects for Dinan- matters relating to the Divvan as well as the its proposers must satisfy the St. Malo, Gwenrann. Benac’h, Kistreberzh. public schools.* They wanted to press the administration (hat its budget will be A special association, Evit ar Vugaic (For Education authorities to recognise the F well balanced. And the commune in which the Children) was founded in May ‘98 to Diwan schools as part of the public the school is to be located will be obliged collect funds to be used exclusively to help education service and to adopt a to provide the building and to maintain it setting up Diwan schools. Its address is comprehensive plan taking full account of only if there is a minimum of 15 pupils for 29500 Laz, Tel. 02 98 73 80 11 (mornings). the previsible rise in the demand for a start. Opposition can arise on the part of In St. Brieg. a second school will soon bilingual education. It was their duty to the municipal councillors if some of the be needed as classes in the existing one arc foresee developments. They were mistaken children come from neighbouring getting over-crowded. In Kemper, the if they thought they could curb or neglect communes while they have to bear the Diwan primary had for several years to diem. Such a plan existed for Alsace. Why whole cost. And since each commune has repeatedly move into different buildings not for Brittany? at least one public school, they see Diwan but has now got good premises in The UGB was already working on a as bringing about reductions in its class Kerfeunteun, on the N. side. With a large draft plan to be put on behalf of the three sizes and possibly in the number of increase in the number of children due next bilingual Breton types of schools (Diwan. teachers, ideological factors intervene also September, an annex or another school will Div Yezh, Dihun) before the B-4 Regional in the objections. This happened in yet be needed (on the S. side of the town). Council, the Loire-Atlantique General Plabenneg, N. of Brest, where for the past Kemper has a considerable lead over the Council and the Education Authority in three years parents wanted the municipal other Breton towns in the promotion of our Rennes. council to provide a building for a Diwan language. Here about 200 adults are The widespread peaceful support for school. The rightist mayor kept refusing attending evening classes, half of them the restoration of Breton has grown to such but they persevered. They have succeeded organised by the Mervent association an extent that its teaching can no longer be finally in getting a good building thanks to which runs such classes at 23 sites treated piecemeal or opposed with inertia. a financial contribution from the Diwan throughout the South of Breton , Many people are wondering however association but they had themselves to with 4 salaried and about 20 voluntary whether the neglect is motivated not only carry out renovation work. In An teachers and a total of 518 learners, of by a hope that the movement will ebb after Alre/Auray. a plan to open a Diwan school which many have children attending a while but that it might provoke a resort to has so far failed due to the opposition of a bilingual classes or schools. A number of violent means which could then be socialist majority. (In Plestin. NW of Kemper city officials from the social and exploited to up a reaction against the Morlaix, a bilingual pre-primary class technical services are taught 1.5 hours a whole movement. could have opened in September in the week of Breton by Mervent which also has The meeting was unfruitful. The public school but for a small majority a specific course for a dozen department ‘recteur’ was unyielding, discourteous, opposition composed of 8 Communist and council officials. scornful, according to a report in Bremen. 3 UDR councillors). A firm decision has been taken to open March. The pressure keeps building up for new a Diwan college in Gwened/ in Diwan schools in spite of all the September 1999. It has the backing of Diwan contd... AL LIA1VHM, literary magazine in four novels by Astafiev recently published Breton, bimonthly. Subscription 180 F by Hor Yezh (translations from Russian by Jean-Charles Cavaillé. president of the Anna Mouradova), with R. Hemon’s long but 200/250 F airmail outside State, General Council in the quest for poem about Cùchulainn and Fand titled suitable premises. The Morbihan to Herve Latimier, 27 Bali Laenneg, Gwarizi Vias Emer. (Fand and Enter, like department, long lagging behind Finistère 35000 Roazhon/Rennes. Ciichulainn, belong to the cycle). and Cotes-d'Armor, has shown recently a Reviewed are also three books in French willingness to take positive steps in favour In Nr 311 (122pp). the Flemish writer Jan which are recommended for a good of Breton. The Gwened college will draw Deloof contributes a poem which understanding of the "philosophy” of the pupils from the existing primary schools in juxtaposes the suffering arising from the French State. "Let us no longer”, urges one An Oriant/Lorient, Baod and Gwened, slaughter of soldiers and of victims of of the authors, "mix up access to hopefully also soon An Aire, as well as persecution in World War II. Deioof has universality with conformity to the arrogant from and St. Nazaire from which published two collections of poetry in French model.” “Ar Ronfl” is a very Diwan pupils have now to go to the more Breton translated into Dutch by him. From amusing story about the working of a distant Kemper college. Per Gamaod there is an adaptation of a play vacuum cleaner as seen through the eyes of The Diwan Lycée is scheduled to move by Tchekhov satirising the greed for land. a very young boy. The "pièce de from Ar Releg near Brest to Yann Gerven tells a story based on a real résistance” is this issue is an account left by Karaez/Carhaix in September. Here an old fact, in which a man finds him self a member of the Bezen Perrot of a people’s home in Kerampuilh is to be inadvertently caught in a secret cellar from dangerous border crossing which he and a vacated in May. when work to adapt it for which he could not have escaped but for a companion carried out by night in 1948. this educational purpose will begin. But the cat. The book reviews will acquaint the when they were on the run. between the State is not in any hurry to give money for readers with an important novel of R. Pfalz and Alsace. the completion of a new home, so that it Hemon's about the people of Brest, with looks as if only one of the three Kerampuilh buildings, the one intended for housing 80 or 90 boarders, may be J.L. Roudaut’s European Stars den”. written by Ffran May, is a song of renovated and equipped in time and classes “Stered aour”, "Golden Stars” is the hope for a belter world. The Welsh singer’s will then have to be held elsewhere in town soft voice is actually, in the present context pending execution of more time consuming latest CD released by the Breton composer J.L. Roudaut and the Welsh more impregnated with softness than work on the two others. The whole energy. singer Ffran May. “Golden Stars” complex should be able to take in 200 The great strength of this first European students by September 2000. The Brittany- sounds like a hymn to nature and CD comes from the use of several 4 Regional Council is contributing 10.2 MF peace amongst peoples. languages, not only international languages and the Karaez Council 5MF to the cost. (French and English) but also languages of The Lycée will bring a much needed "They express the poetical vision of a the heart. Welsh and Breton. This joining of stimulant to the economy of this part of sharing Europe of Regions which would passion to common sense gives the CD a Brittany, particularly as various other respect languages and culture", explains European dimension filled with many activities will grow around it. Emmanuel Morucci. the manager of the hopes. Meanwhile, tin composer ends The Diwan association has high "Maison de I’Furope”. the European Centre several of his songs with warnings, expectations from the promised French for West Brittany in Brest. warnings which may be taken as challenges signing of the European Charter for The composer and songwriter’s for the future... Regional or Minority Languages. May they "childhood dream” - this is also the name Fitly years after the birth of a pacified be fulfilled! of his first group - take flight on the wind, Europe (its northern parts at least...), ten (Data culled from Keleier Servij ar this is w’hat is expressed by several titles: years after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Celtic Brezhoneg. January) "Children of the Wind”, “Chinook”... the peoples seem to realise that it is wind, “The Swan”, “The Rainbow", increasingly important to sing for a F.urope A R B ACTIVE AGAIN "Golden Stars”. As for the other titles, they of passion and common sense. evoke travels: "Bound for...”, “ The clandestine organisation, ARB Island”. "”, “Sudan". “Amen mab- (=Brcton Revolutionary Army) has Gi Keltik claimed responsibility for seven actions and is thought to have carried out seven others, during the past seven months. An estimated 6.000 Breton political and Generally they took place in the Ille-et- people demonstrated in Waiting for cultural organisations Vilaine and in Côtes d’Armor and Kemper on December 5 had asked their members consisted of bomb attacks against tax to demand the signature to attend. but offices, police stations, courts of justice. by France of the the Charter EMGANN, though The one which caused the greatest damage European Charter for recognising that it was occurred in Belfort (Eastern Erance) where Regional or Minority important to show that the town-hall had much of its structure Languages and the large numbers are destroyed. Belfort is in the constituency of amendment of the attached to their national J P Chévènement minister of Home Article 2 of the language, considered Affairs, who is a strong protagonist of Constitution which that the Charter would French centralism. The ARB had prevents recognition of be limited in France to previously been quiet for two years. For the “regional the strict minimum and the mdependentist party EMGANN. this languages”. Many of the participants would leave the language without juridical return to violent means is in response to the wanted Breton to be given official status. protection and means to survive. They contempt and the repression used bv the Among the demonstrators were also Jean wanted to leave no doubt about their aim French State in dealing with the most Yves Cozan. a regional councillor "in that Breton must be given full national legitimate Breton demands and its charge of the Breton identity”, and two status, a 100% television service, disregard for the wishes of the majority as socialist MPs. L. Le Pensec and Ivon generalised sign-posting, leaching in every regards the language and the reunification Abiven, but other socialist representatives. school, that it must be backed by a of Brittany. The feeling is widespread that B. Poignant and Kofi Yamgnane. were comprehensive policy to enable all to learn no progress is anymore possible by notable for their absence. Nearly all the and use it in all aspects of life. peaceful means. F= = il Ailagor mwynglawdd alcam Trwy gytundeb gwerth £625.000 rhwng rheolwr cyffredinol a phrif gyfrandaKvr <4 gwaith alcam Crofty Sooth/South Crofty c y ni r u <<3 ger Redruth a'r Cymro Wilf Hughes, gellir |l gweld ailagor y mwynglawdd alcam naw = J mis ar 61 iddo gau gyda chollcd 300 o swyddi.

jN ^ ìo h Becws Cernyw Cettaiòò Agonvyd Becws Cernyivig cyntaf Caerdydd ar y gornel gyferbyn ag Eglwys Sant loan yn Heol yr Eglwys yng Nghaerdydd. Sefydlwyd y cwmni gan Tim Simons, brodor o Borth la (St. Ives) gyda’r siop gyntaf yn ei dref enedigol. VR ALBAN Tirfeddianwyr gwrth- RapT/CJ gymdeithasol Gwrthod y ‘Scottish Six’ Mae’r Llywodraeth wedi cyhocddi papur gwyn sy’n argymell p_erau newydd i Mae'r ymgyrch i ennill rhaglen newyddion brynu’n orfodol tir tirfeddianwyr sy’n ar wanan i r Alban ar y dcledu tua 6 00 LLYDAW camreoli eu stadau yn yr Alban. Bydd hyn gyda’r nos i gytniyd lle'r rhaglen safonol o yn cynnwvs hyrwyddo prynu gan Lundain wedi methu. Gwelwyd angen am gymunedau lleol. raglen newyddion lawn i'r Alban yn sail Cynliun iaith sefvdlu'r eleni a'r angen am Cyhoeddwvd dogfen ddwyieithog à'r teitl adlewyrchu bywyd gwleidyddol newydd y “Diwylliant Llydaiveg ar gyfer yr 21 ain vvlad. Mac rhai ccncdlaeiholivyr yn gweld Etholiadau ganrit” gan Gyngor Diwylliannol Llydan. gwrthod y cais gan lywodraeihwvr y BBC Y Cyngor Diwylliannol yw asiant y 5 'sir' fel tystiolaeth bellach o ffafriaeth y Gellir edrych ar y sefyllfa ddiweddaraf yn Llydaiv a dros 40 o gymdeithasau cyfryngau i'r Blaid Lafur. ’Roedd swvddog gyda’r Senedd newydd trwy archwilio safle diwylliannol. Ilanes Llydaw. y Llydaiveg. y o'r BBC wedi dweud adeg y cyfarfod i newydd ar y We - cyfryngau ac economi a diwylliant ydyiv benderfynu a oedd angen am raglen pynciau'r ddogfen. Gellir cael copi yn rhad www.seottishelections.co.uk newyddion i’r Alban nad oedd y BBC ac am ddim oddi wrth Kuzul Sevenadurel cisiau hyrwyddo ccncdlactholdcb na rhedeg CJ Breizh/ Conseil Culturel de Brctagnc. 7 lue o flaen cynigion datganoli'r llywodraeth. Général Guillaudot. 35069 Roazhon Cedex. Cawn ni yng Nghymru tod yn ddiolchgar Llydaw. fod gennym ein gvvasanaetli ein hunain! CERNYW Mudiadau iaith Polisi iaith 20 mhvyddiant Cowethas an Mae SKOL AN EMSAV. 8 straed Hoche. O’r diwedd mae Bwrdd lechyd vr Ynys Hir Yeth 35000 Roazhon yn un o brif fudiadau iaith wedi mabwysiadu polisi iaith. gan gynnwys Llydaw. Mae'r arwyddlun yn debyg iawn ¡ penawdau papur. dogfennau cleifion. Ugain mlynedd yn 61. ym 1979. y Dafod y Ddraig wedi’i throi ar ei hochr! recriwtio. cyrsiau Gaeleg i staff, deunvdd sefydlwyd Cowethas an Yeth Kernewek. addysgiadol ac arwyddion. Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gernyweg. gan niler o Mae STOURM AR BREZHONEG. Conseo - BPI5. 29480 Ar Releg Kerhuon bobl gysylltiedig â Cernyw yn yn fudiad sy'n yingyrchu dros ddefnyddio'r cynnvvys y diweddar P. A. S. Pool, arhenigivr ar enwau lleoedd Cemyweg. a’r Llydaiveg fel iaith swyddogol. Prif Swyddog Gaeleg diweddar Brian Webb a ddaeih yn Mac KEVREUIGEZH AN DILENNIDi ysgrifennydd cyntaf y Gymdeithas. O VREZHONEGERIEN. 22 Straed an Mae Swyddfa'r Alban wedi hysbysebu am ddiwedd yr vvythdegau ymlaen. a'r mudiad Argoad. 29260 Lesneven yn gymdeithas o swydd newydd ar gyfer rhywun i gydlynu iaith wedi hoi Iti rhwng cefnogwyr gynrychiohvyr etholedig sy’n medru'r gwaith yr Adran gyda r Aeleg. Mae gwahanol ffurfiau'r Gernyweg, daeth Llydaweg. Cyngor PcaLrt agus Cinn Rois/Perth & Cowethas i fod yn fudiad i siaradwyr Kinross hefyd wedi hysbysebu am Kernewek Kemmyn yn bennaf. ond maent swyddog cydlynu'r ddarpariaeth addvsg. i wedi aros yn un o fudiadau mwyaf ddatblygu strategaeth ac i gydweithio elo gweithgar y Gernyweg drwy’r asiantaethau eraill a chysylltu a r hlynvddoedd. dan gvhoeddi papur misol Cynllun dwyieithog: cyfryngau. er mwyn hyrwyddo r Aeleg. An Gannas ("Y Gennad”). Maent yn Mae Cyngor Dinesig An Oriant/Lorient bwriadu cyhoeddi cyfrol am hanes y ivedi mabwysiadu cynllun dwyieithog. Mae mudiad yn nes ymlaen eleni. tair elfen - arwyddion ITordd. anvyddion ar adeiladau a gohebiaeth gyda'r cyngor. Goruchivylir gweithredu'r cynllun gan weithgor o bum aelod o’r cyngor. Clive James Foothold for clearer that the language could be England and while Scotland and Northern considered. Previous guidelines were Ireland have their own legal system, there Weigh in considered ambiguous. Cymdeithas regard is an increasing discussion about the need plaim ing this as a step forward in allowing local to separate the Welsh legal system authorities to prevent damage to Welsh­ completely from that of England. decislong speaking communities caused by unwanted Broadcasting is one field that has not housing developments, though only the been devolved to the National Assembly In response lo the long and on-going Property Act demanded by Cymdeithas (one suspects for ulterior political motives). campaign of Cymdeithas for the Welsh will provide the full powers needed. and Cymdeithas yr Iaith will language to he given full status as a factor Broadcasting, law and the National both campaign for this to be changed and to consider in local authority planning Assembly once the assembly is established decisions, the Welsh Office published a The coming National Assembly will Cymdeithas will be relaunching the note in December revising the guidelines result in new legislation made in Wales. campaign for an independent Welsh for local councils to the effect of making it Thus the law in Wales will gradually broadcasting authority. become more different from the law in

Cernyw: Y Dyfodol?

Nid wyf yn credu mewn iaith heb siarad trwy Gernyw i gyd, ond anfantais Mewn gwirionnedd, byddai yn creu gsvir gymdeithas. heb ei chymdeithas. Y mae’n rmvyaf mudiad yr Iaith yw nad oes gymdeithas. canolfan er mwyn Gwasg a wir t'od Lladein wedi cael ei defnyddio cymdeithas ile y gallai siaradwyr y ehyhoeddiadwyr a phapur bro yn ogvstal a trwy Ewrop yn y canoloesoedd heb Gemyweg ddefnyddio eu hiaith boh dydd, man lie y gellir dod wrth siarad, clywed a gymdeithas leol. ond iaith yr Eglwys oedd ac ym mhob maes eu bywyd. dysgu Cemyweg Fyvv, fel yn y Gwledydd hi. Y mae’n wahanol yng Nghernyw. Dyma, yn fy marn i. yr hyn y dylai Celtaidd eraill. Dim ond syniad. ond gallai cytuna bawb. mudiad (an!) yr iaith anelu ato yn y wlad weithio. Yn Ivverddon, y mae’r iaith yn marw honno, wrth goleddi cu hetifeddiaeth. Ac o Sea m as 6 Loingsigh oherwydd fod y Gaeltachtai wedi dirywio ddifri. ni fuasai liynny mor anodd i’w Summary ac yn dal i ddirywio heddiw. Nid oes chynhvrchu. Byddai yn rhaid dewis pentref To survive a language must be spoken mwyach parhaurwydd, ac y mae’r bach a chanolog yng nghefngwlad tel Prif as the language o f a community. Cornish in gymdeithas dradoddiadol yn dillannu yn Ddinas yr Iaith (mwy neu lai fel y particular su ffers from the tack o f an area gyflym. Nid oes ond ynysoedd ieithyddol gvvnaethpwyd yn Hay on Wye gyda or at least a centre where this condition yn ôl, a mae'n sicr nad yw hywny'n llyfrau), hwyrach Ile y mae pennaeth un o’r would be realised. Fro a start it would he ddigonol wrth sierhau dyfodol yr iaith. mudiadau yn byvv ynddo. ac yn darhwyllo’r necessary lo persuade the people of say. a Pa fodd bynnag, y mae'r cyflyrau yn rhan fwyaf o’r boblogaeth dysgu village to leant Cornish and use it in their hollol wahanol yng Nghernyw eto, am nad Ccrnyweg. meithrin ysgoll holl Gcrnyweg daily life. oes yr un ynys ieithyddol yno, yr tin ardal i ac yn y biacn. siarad yr iaith. Wrth gwrs. y mae pobl yn ei Pa ganlyniadau y câi fath o ganllun?

questions for the Secretary of State for ago the League are unaware of any M o D Tig lit-1 ipped Defence, George Robertson, covering prosecution on environmental protection health and public safety risks as well as grounds and local authorities still encounter questions about the value of the land. difficulty investigating pollution at active O n Land Pol I ution Although contacted by a local military' sites. journalist in January the MOD were tight- Finding out about the extent of lipped and refused to say anything about pollution at both redundant and existing A hospital and South Wales’ first the type of pollution that had been hases has become more difficult. In 1996 hospice for children may be standing on discovered or its extent. after a Scottish MP intervened on behalf of polluted land. The Celtic League understand that bulk the Celtic League the then Defence The fears involve Sully Hospital in fuel tanks were removed from the site ten Secretary Michael Portillo admitted that and the new Ty Hafan Children's t ears ago and that given MOD construction "land quality assessments" were taking Hospice that opened in January this year techniques when the tanks were built, place at over 600 military sites throughout and is the largest hospice of this kind in the almost fifty years earlier, coupled with poor the United Kingdom. United Kingdom. MOD environmental policies the site may However the Labour government is The pollution threat is posed by an 18 be saturated by fuel/lubricant seepage. proving more evasive than its predecessor acre area of contaminated military land MOD reticence over the extent of at dodging the issue and a prominent Welsh right next door to the Hospice and hospital. pollution at this site does not surprise the newspaper has been waiting for over The land is thought to have been used Celtic League, which has campaigned for twelve months for answers from the MOD as a store for petrol and lubricant oil during many years for a safety or “Green audit" of to 17 questions it submitted by fax. seeking World War 11 to support the D-Day all military sites, both occupied and information on the “land quality landings. disused. We have also argued for tighter assessments" announced by M Portillo. Similar storage sites across Britain are controls. The League believe Ironically it was the British Army that known to have been heavily contaminated contamination of military land poses a first locused concerns about the potential by the gradual leakage of Fuels being considerable problem throughout Wales extent of the problem when five years ago a stored. A worry is lhat the land at Hayes and other Celtic countries like Ireland and Royal Engineer’s report confirmed bad Road. Sully. Cardiff was polluted in exactly Scotland. environmental practice and pollution. the same way and that pollution has spread For years Lhe extent of military When the Celtic League sought copies of outwards. pollution was kept secret because the MOD the report and a parallel RAF document on A growing campaign to establish the could claim Crown immunity from military airfields the MOD denied all risks and extent of pollution is being led by assessment by outside agencies. Despite knowledge. a local MP who has tabled five written this protection being waived eight years J B Moffait The Challenge Address (edited version) to the Celtic its currently low figure of 72%. It seems League/Celtic Alliance, Trinity College o f the unlikely that wc will get significant , February 1999 matched-funding from the UK Treasury, so (see Eire section also) we must look for ways of using resources When the elections to the National A ssem bly from the current allocation. Assembly are held, on Thursday the 6th 2 In the area of education and training, May 1999, there will be rejoicing in all f o r Wales we must create a climate which eliminates areas of Wales. competition between schools, colleges and For the first time we will be electing b y training agencies. They must co-operate representatives to the first democratic more, each concentrating on what they institution which will be responsible for Ieaiin Wyn Jones do best, and eliminating areas of governing some aspects of the life of our duplication and conflict. We should get rid country. of the crazy notion that each education It will be a time for rejoicing for a Let's look at its limitations. The National establishment chases pupils and students as number of reasons, some symbolic, some Assembly will lack the legislative powers though they had a price on their head. We political, some economic, some rational ot the Scottish Parliament and any powers should also replace the narrow focused A and some borne of sheer necessity. to vary' taxes. level system with a Welsh baccalaureate, to In essence, Wales has decided that it The Scots will have powers to vary take account of the fact that young people wished to continue to live as a nation, taxation by 3% - up or down. To that need to have a much wider range of skills and in order to do so has decided to take extent the Welsh Assembly will have than ever before. into its own hands, albeit tentatively, greater difficulty to follow a course which come decision making processes. is different from that being pursued in In some ways, Wales took only a small England. step towards the path of devolution when The Scots will find it relatively easy to we voted, narrowly, in favour of the Labour develop their own agenda for economic government's plans for an Assembly in development, for health or education. The September 1997. lack of legislative powers will hinder our In other ways, it was a giant leap ability to do the same. forward, for without taking that step no The Assembly will take over the Welsh further progress would have been possible Office budget of some £7B rising to some and indeed it is likely that no government £8b. and the powers currently vested in the would have sought to bring forward any Secretary of State for Wales. plans for constitutional change for at least a The Assembly in theory will negotiate generation - if not longer. with the Treasury in London over its Taking this small step has given the budget on an annual basis, although an enormous lift, a massive indicative budgets will be given for a three boost to our confidence. year period. But in practice there will be leatin Ityn.Jones. M.P. It has given us a new image of Wales, a very little room for manoeuvre. confident nation, a forward looking people The Assembly's budget, at least in the and has reinforced our sense of identity. short term will continue to be fixed 3 In health, we must tackle areas of high Even within the realms of popular according to the Barnett formula under deprivation where the levels of ill health culture, being Welsh is now seen as a which Wales receives a fixed share of the and sickness are some of the worst in positive rather than as a negative attribute. sums allocated to the domestic departments Western Europe. Our priority must be to 1 suppose that those of us in Wales who in England. tackle ill-health where it is at its worst, and have campaigned for constitutional change Although the budget at £78 sounds a to improve housing and social conditions throughout our political lives will always great deal, the Assembly will not have a which are significant contributory factors. want to relive the wonderful moment when great deal of opportunity to move money 4 Wales’ relationship with Europe. This we realised that the result of the around between policy areas. has, frankly been non existent ever since referendum was going our way. If the Assembly wishes to pursue a we joined the EU in 1973. Indeed, those of us who recall the course which requires new primary Currently Wales is represented in all evening will always recall that the Yes legislation, such as abolishing health trusts, aspects of the life of the EU through the votes were always lagging behind, and it then it will have to negotiate time for it UK government, other than in the was the result, the emphatic result from with the government in London. where we currently Carmarthen, in west Wales that finally Given these limitations, is the Assembly have 5 members. swung it. worth having? In all vital negotiations affecting our Plaid Cymru had decided to campaign The answer I give is a resounding Yes. country, such as agriculture or regional under the umbrella of the all party Yes For Although the Assembly cannot legislate funding, no minister for Wales ever Wales campaign. or raise money, or move significant sums attended the Council of Ministers meetings 1 was in charge of mobilising our around, it can with a little imagination where important decisions were made. supporters, and we used the most modem begin to make a real difference. And it is only in recent years, last 2/3 campaigning techniques to deliver the vote To show it can make a difference the that junior ministers from Wales were in areas of Plaid strength, and in other areas Assembly must do a number of things. invited to accompany UK ministers, and where we had particularly active members I It must make a real impact in the who are always regarded as the lead who worked very hard to deliver the Yes economic life of Wales. There is an ministers in COM meetings. vote. imbalance in terms of economic The Welsh presence in Brussels is So was it worth the effort? performance between the SE and NE of confined to a hardworking but very small Can the Assembly make a real, a decisive Wales and the rest of the country. Given Wales European Centre funded by local difference to people’s lives in Wales? that the Western areas of Wales and the authorities, the WDA universities and so At the end of its first term, will the Valleys of the south of Wales are likely to on. Assembly have created a sense of well qualify for Objective I status, we must use Thus I believe that the Welsh Assembly being amongst the people of Wales, an that money some £2B over 6 years to Must as a matter of Priority improve our atmosphere, a mood which is different? improve the level of GDP - per head from relations with Europe. And these are the requirements in this But 1 have no doubts whatsoever that the area. Assembly must win over the hearts and minds of a significant proportion of the Minutes in • An Assembly secretary must be given population who voted No before the next responsibility for the European portfolio, step can be contemplated. and with a seat in the Assembly Cabinet: And the next step will be to secure the English, weeks • The First Secretary or the European legislative and financial powers given to Secretary, or the relevant Assembly the Scottish Parliament. for Welsh Secretary' should always be a member of Flow the Assembly conducts itself will be the UK delegation to COM meetings important. where matters of direct relevance to It must become the nation’s forum not Wales are being discussed. And the simply a place where power if exercised by A Welsh Office consultative Secretary should always be consulted the majority party. document angered before the UK vote is cast in the COM on It must speak for Wales, not simply for activists by stating that minutes of these occasions: the governing party. meetings of the National Assembly • An Assembly civil servant should always It must command respect, not ridicule. would be published in English be part of the UKREP team in Brussels; And it must not simply replicate within three days, with a Welsh • The WEC should be beefed up. using Westminster in Cardiff. version appearing within eight Assembly resources, so that it can The nascent Welsh democracy must weeks. Hardly equal treatment become a body representing Wales in all reject an adversorial style of politics. Welsh and English. Cymdeithas yr facets of F.1J life, like the offices It must practise inclusiveness and build Iaith responded with a national maintained by Catalonia or the German consensus where that can be achieved. petition in January calling for the Lander. The clash of political ideals is the very two versions to be published stuff of the democratic process. together, and the Welsh Office is re­ These are minimum requirements. People need to feel that their views and examining the matter. While it is We must ensure that Wales pic plays a aspirations are represented. acknowledged that translation of major role in Europe. The new voting system for the Assembly, English transcripts into Welsh will We have our own vision of how we want a form of PR. not as proportional as your take time, it is not acceptable for to see Europe develop, the relationships STV system, but an advance on the first transcripts of original Welsh which will exist between the EU past the post system, will ensure that most speeches and meetings to be Institutions, the member states and shades of opinion will be represented in the available only in English translation autonomous nations and regions. new Assembly. while the Welsh version is being We want to see the Committee of the Because it is an untried system, it is held back. Regions increase its inlluence. and want all difficult to predict how it will turn out, save the Institutions to become more open, more to say that the 4 major parties in Wales will democratic and more accountable. secure seats. Whilst the creation of the Assembly will Although members of the Cabinet will not put us centre stage, at least we will now naturally come from the ruling party or be on the pitch, and not simply confined to possibly the ruling coalition, all parties Cymdeithas the terraces, shouting rather impotentiy. must be given the opportunity to chair the All these things are necessary if the policy committees and/or Standing meet Assembly is to succeed. Committees. But how do we move on from here? I he policy committees will have a role in How do we ensure that devolution is a policy implementation and in the scrutiny Alun Michael process and not an event? of secondary iegisiation. Is the Assembly the end of the road, or They will also become forums for public Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg simply the first chapter in the book? debate. chairman Branwen Niclas described Wc have to recall that the referendum The plenary sessions of the Assembly as ^positive! a meeting in January result was very narrow. must be used on occasions to put the case between a Cymdeithas delegation Some interpret the result as the for Wales pic. and Alun Michael, the new reluctance of the people of Wales to Although the powers of the Assembly are Secretary of State, the atmosphere embrace such a change, borne of the lack limited, the Assembly will be able to comparing favourably in particular of self confidence in ourselves as a nation. debate any issue of relevance to Wales. with that at recent meetings between Others hove argued that the result was so Ft will thus he able to build a national Cymdeithas and the language narrow because people could not bring consensus around certain issues, such as quango. Alun Michael themselves to be enthusiastic for such a the Euro, or other European issue. acknowledged that there were weak body. Thus we are entering a new chapter in the weaknesses in the Welsh Language And some have even argued that the history of Wales. Act. and that a wait of up to eight East/West division reflected in the vote It is an important time in the life of our weeks for the Welsh version of the indicated that the feeling of Welshness nation. minutes of National Assembly reduces as one approaches the border with Rebuilding a nation's self confidence is meetings was unacceptable. He said England. an important and yet delicate task. that he would try to speak Welsh In I don't think that there is one simple We are standing on the threshold of a the National Assembly if elected. explanation. great event in the development of a new Branwen Niclas said that she hoped The character of a nation is a complex and vibrant Welsh identity. this would be the first in a series of notion. How it is formed depends on your Wales must come to temis with its new constructive meetings and expressed history, your culture, your place in the role, and those of us who expect to be that Cymdeithas wanted the world, how you are treated by your elected to the new body carry a great deal National Assembly to be thoroughly neighbours, indeed a myriad of different of responsibility. bilingual and to adopt policies that things. It is a challenge I am looking forward to would strengthen the language and And people's willingness to embrace with some relish. communities of Wales. further change will depend on a number of factors, some of which are outside your control. chun Briotâinis a fhoghlaim agus feabhas a chur ar mo chuid Fraincise san am céanna. Chuir staid na Briotâinise in Douamenez diomâ orm. Bhi si Iàidir sa cheantar sin leathchéad bliain ó shin. Is mar an gcéanna atà sé i gceantar eile sa Bhriotäin. Deirtear Horn gur fearr staid na teanga sa tuaisceart. in Bro Dreger. B'ail Horn a chloisint go bhfuil si lâidir sa Bhriotàin go léir. Chuige sin ni folàir a thuilleadh scoileanna DIWAN a chur ar bun. Is deacair é sin a dhéanamh in aghaidh dhrochaigne na Phoblacht na Fraince. Mervyn Phillips

Summary Summary Céad tubaisteach don This article is an expression of The 20th century has been disastrous for disappointment at the lack of Breton in Breton. Conscription in World War l. the Bhriotáinis Douarnenez. Worse luck, the same state o f educational system and the church have Tugtar léargas grinn ar an tubaisle atá tar affairs prevails in other parts o f Brittany éis an Bhriotáinis a bhualadh san aois seo Been leading factors in forcing the change to French. Most present-day speakers are too. The need for more DIWAN is urgent. in alt le Gand An Avank in eagrán One has to contend, however, with the ill- over 60. Dheireadh Fómhair 1998 d'iris chraobh will of the French Republic. Cheanada den Gioiste Idirnáisiúnta um Chosainl na Briotâinise. •••«••••••••••*•••••• Is i an easpa staidrimh oifigiúil an Cá bhfuil an Bhriotáinis deacracht is mó atá le sárú ag duine ar bith atá ag iarraidh staid na Briotâinise a mheas in Douarnenez? ó diúltaíonn an stài Francach an teanga a Chuas chun féile mhara in Douarnenez aithint sa daonáireamh. Rinne Fanch anuraidh. Bhi an fhéile thar barr agus Hillsborough Broudig suirbhé (thart faoi 1991) dà bhaineas taitneamh mór aisti. A leithéid de leabhar La Pratique du Breton (1993) (a dhifríocht idir i agus ceann eile in Penzans. riomhann scéal na teanga ó 1789 go dti an Bhi drocheagraíocht uirthi sin. Ba é ceann Declaration là ) agus d'fhoilsigh an iris Brud de na rudai ab fhearr i bhféile mhara Nevez torthaf suirbhé a rinneadh i 1997. Penzans seastán chun an fhéile in Bhi tuairim is 1.2 milliún Briotáiniseoirí Douarnenez a fhógairt. Bhí mórán a Danger ann ag tús na 20Ú haoise, rud a chiallaionn bolscaircachla ann ag na Briotánaigh a gurbh I an Bhriotáinis an teanga Cheilteach d’eagraigh an seastán. Bhí bia, T-léinte. ba fhorleithne ag an tráth sin. leabhair ar diol acu leis. Chonaic mé cailin San aois seo bhi an coras oideachais álainn ann agus agus dúirt mé léi, "Mat eo While the Northern parties have to dirithe ar idi ú na teanga. Ghéaraigh an an traoú?" D’fhéach sí onn gan pioc a rá. reconvene for further talks on April Chéad Chogadh Domhanda ar an bpróiseas. Dúirt mé léi ansin, "Ca va?” agus fuaireas 13lh and some progress may have Súdh glúin iomlán d'fhir óga na Briotáine freagra uaithi. Dúirt sí liom ná raibh aon emerged by the time this issue isteach in arm na Fraince. Thug siad an Briotáinis aici. Bhí Mouez Port Rhu ann reaches our readers the signs for Fhraincis agus drochmheas ar Bhriotáinis leis, cór fear as Port Rhu lámh le progress are not good following the ar ais chuig gach ceard den Bhriotáin Douarnenez. Bhíodar ag casadli amhráin Hillsborough Declaration. This lochtair (mar a raibh an teanga láidir an fharraige ¡ bhFraincis. Ni raibh Briotáinis statement effectively introduces a tráth sin). ag aon duine acu ach an oiread. Bhí sé mar precondition on decommissioning, Sna I940Í agus 1950Í díbríodh an an gcéanna in Douamenez. Níor chuala mé as an 'obligation’, (which was not Bhriotáinis ón eaglais. a bheag nó mór. Ba i mórán Briotâinise ann ach ag seandaoine present in the 1998 Good Friday an Fhraincis teanga an stáit, na tráchtála, na agus ag duine óg a bhí ar scoil de chuid Agreement) before the setting up of meán cumarsáide, na scoile agus, de réir a DIWAN. Is ¡na leithéid de scoileanna atá an the Executive. It also calls for some chéile, an teaghlaigh. dóchas is mó don Bhriotáinis san arms to be *put beyond use' before Dar le suirbhé Brud Nevez bhí 67% de na oideachas. it starts to function. caintcoirí Briotâinise níos sine ná 60 bliana Bhi dóchas agam go bhfaighinn caoi le d’aois i 1997. má bhi an sampla beagán Briotâinise a fhoghlaim agus mé sa The Declaration is seen, even by- ionadaitheach. ls léir go raibh titim in úsáid Bhriotáin. Ach ni mar sin a bhi. Fuair mé independent commentators, as a na teanga sa teaghlach go fiú idir suirbhé mo dhóthain de chleachtadh sa Fhraincis. reversal of a key element of the Broudig agus ceann Brud Nevez. Mar sin Ni raibh Briotáinis ar bith ag bean an tí san Agreement which was essential to féin meastar go bhfuil Briotáinis i gcónai áit a raibh lóistín agam. Ba as an Nomiainn the acceptance of the overall ag 20% de phoba! na Briotáine Iochtaraí di agus ni raibh ach cúpla focal Bearla aici package by Republicans who have ach ni chiallaionn sé sin go labhraíonn siad ach chomh beag. Níorbh áil liom Béarla a already indicated that it is not go rialta i. labhairt pé scéal é agus mé sa Bhriotáin. possible to deliver to these new In ainneoin an tubaiste tá Idas beag Mar sin bhiomar ag labhairt Fraincise. terms. If Bertie Ahern’s dóchais ann. dar le Gand An Avank. i Is aoibhinn liom na longa seoil. Bhí endorsement of the declaration is ngluaiseacht DIWAN. Tá fianaisc ann go mórán acu san thcile. Cheannaios leabhair seen as adoption of a pro-L!nionist bhfuil an tacaiocht don teanga sna orthu ó sheastán Chasse-Marée ar an gcé. stance it is time he used his much scoileanna imithe i méid go suntasach. Toisc go bhfuil said chomh suimiúil sin vaunted political skills to redress the Deich mbliain ó shin bhi go leor beidh said ina spreagadh agam mo chuid balance to ensure progress can be Briotáiniseoiri ar nós cuma horn (nó fiú Fraincise a fheabhsú a thuilleadh. made in keeping with the naimhdeach) maidir le múineadh na teanga Cheannaios leabhar eile ar sheastán eile, Agreement. do dhaoine óga ach dealraionn sé go bhfuil leabhar ar féidir Briotáinis a fhoghlaim athrú ar an scéal sin. uaidh tri Fhraincis. Is maith liom an chaoi Micheál Mac Aonghusa — League Secretary Civil Service Rule Not OK! General In South Armagh ne of (he new North-South practical matters in the realm of bodies agreed is that for the Irish planning and implementation of plans. Olanguage and the Ulster Scots A statement issued in March from the n February 7th I addressed a dialect. There will apparently be a Department of Arts, Heritage, The meeting organised by South twenty four member body with an eight and Islands Indicated that O _ Armagh Farmers & Residents j member board for Ulster Scots and a matters were being sewn up "it is Committee (SAFRC), at the Cloghue sixteen member board for Irish. The envisaged that the new body would be in checkpoint in S. Armagh. Two thousand i boards will operate independently, there place by 1 April 1999 and if that is the marchers assembled at Killeen bridge and i will be five representatives from the case the responsibilities of Bord na marched the short distance to Cloghue. The North on the Ulster Scots board and Gaeilge will be subsumed into the new group was led by a cavalcade of tractors, j three from the Republic; on the Irish body. Other responsibilities are also one of which towed a mock-up of a British language board there will be nine being considered for this body. It Is Army observation tower. The mock tower i representatives from the Republic and envisaged that the staff of Bord na was symbolic and it also indicated that the seven from the North. Gaeilge would be transferred over to the people of S. Armagh, despite all the It appears, however, that there will be new body and that they would remain in privations of the past thirty years, have a no democratic representation on these their premises in Dublin. It is also dry sense of humour. Mo Mowlam had boards and that Civil Servants operating envisaged that an office be established in hailed the removal of a road checkpoint at behind closed doors are deciding matters and staff be recruited for it.” Cloghue last year as a sign of i and nominations with none being While the positions in Belfast will be demilitarisation hy the British Army 1 accorded to voluntary organisations who advertised and filled in accordance with However SAFRC and the people of the ' have been active for years in the real the rules of the EU Commission the area know that this is a lie exposed by the development and promotion of Irish same Civil Service staff in Dublin will continued construction and expansion of ' amongst communities. Proposals from apparently transfer across to the new other military installations. The message Comhdhiiil Nâisiünta na Gaeilge (Co­ body. None of this augers particularly was clear - Mo had staged her charade and ordinating Committee for Irish well for the Irish language. Bord na now the people of S. Armagh would match Language Organisations) and Pobal that Gaeilge has not been effective in it with one of their own. the majority of board members would be promoting the use of Irish in the state Earlier in the day I had awoken to the j nominated by them appear to have been sector and is singularly lacking in shaking rumble the British army ignored as no doubt will be the initiatives in other areas. Indeed the helicopters made as tiiey circled the houses comprehensive proposals with regard to chance of a radical review of its and farms in the area. On a morning tour of i funding of voluntary organisations, the operations and powers seems to have the areas with SAI RC Chairman Declan [ maintenance of their independence and been badly or deliberately passed over. Feaion we weaved along mountain roads and hills which are topped with fortified observation posts and fire bases. At Glassdrummond closer examination of the hilltop “fort” yielded evidence of the type of health threatening microwave equipment which I would highlight in my speech at Cloghue later. Away from the hill tops bases like Bessbrook. where two years ago Celtic League exposed problems with pollution. Crossmaglen and Forkhill dominate the villages. All the time in the clear sky multiple and continuous helicopter movements belie any claim that the military presence is being scaled down. Back at Cloghue later, and despite the SAFRC having cleared their demonstration with “the authorities", a massive RUC operation is in force. Armoured cars, machine guns and police in riot gear backed up by army troops in the surrounding fields confront 2000 men women and children. workers, businessmen, farmers with their families backed up by fifty Wexford Pikemen who add a festive air to the proceedings. Overhead the ubiquitous Army Lynx helicopters weave and twist. leaun Wyn Jones. Plaid Cymru M.P. for Anglesea, Hales, delivering his lecture in February* South Armagh delivers its answer to the in Trinity College Dublin on "The Challenge o f the Assembly for If-'ales. " The visit was Mo Mowlam charade as, following arranged by the Welsh and Irish branches of the Celtic League with the support of the speeches, from the platform the mock-up Celtic Alliance, T.C.D. An edited version o f the address is given in the Cymru section. The observation tower is torn apart by the events generated some publicity in Wales and Mannin (i IVyn Jones gave a live interview on tractors. The RUC glower sullenly as the Mam Radio) but the Irish media continued with its policy of showing no interest in Welsh demonstrators cheer. affairs although an interview was recorded for the Dublin Irish language Raidio na Life. SAFRC members analyse the success of Collusion in Rosemary Nelson's Death

International scapegoat as an excuse for he death of Rosemary Nelson is a inaction. The UN too via its Special savage and vile crime and the rapporteur Param Cumaraswamy warned of Tpossibility of collusion in it by the the threat to lawyers working in the North security’ services in Northern Ireland cannot and to Rosemary Nelson in particular. be ruled out. Ronnie Flannigan RUC Chief Constable Rosemary Nelson was a unique person. has gone to great lengths to establish an Like another murdered lawyer, Pat independent enquiry into her death but is Finucanc, she fought for people and their this just the start of another cover-up such rights with the one thing that frightens the as those the tragedy of Ulster's last thirty bully and bigot most, law and reasoned years are littered with? argument. It cannot be simply left to “the Kent It is a sorry indictment of the N. Ireland police with assistance from the FBI” to State that one of the groups which saw her solve this crime. It should be overseen by as a threat was the Slate security and police the UN Special rapporteur, at least he service. The threats from Loyalist spoke out when so many of us were silent! paramilitary’s were to be expected but Rosemary Nelson. RIP .1 B Mnffaft threats and physical intimidation by the State is incomprehensible to those of us who live outside the North oflreland. The British government and the RUC ignored the threat to Rosemary Nelson and Qp// the Qp€-cnne o f my ¿Ancestors looked the other way until the bomb exploded. However, to a certain extent we O Uy d folJ/ers Country are all guilty of complicity in the death of Ms Nelson. In several high profile Latest CDs by Australian Celtic Band, interviews and documentaries she In many ways this is Australian Gavin O’Loghlen & Cotters Bequest personally outlined the threat to her and , drawing from their Celtic other lawyers working in N. Ireland. On "Cotters Bequest’’ a Celtic band, origins, languages and instruments - has six members who play 23 but in an Australian context. this occasion w'e cannot use the United Nations or some other convenient instruments, and together with guest Visit the band's website at artists, the band features Highland and http://vvwvv.locrian.com.au where Uilleann pipes, harp, military snare readers may read the background and drums, whistles, accordians and string lyrics to the tracks, the players and the quartet all wrapped in lush vocal albums as well as hear musical Secret. General contd... harmonies, guitars, samplers, vocoders excerpts from all the tracks on the and synthesisers. CDs. In addition they write, record and Locrian Records, Marshall Rd, the rally. Held just before key committee perform in five - Lenswood 5240, Ph/fax: 08 8389 8417. members set out on an awareness-building Irish. Scottish. Manx Gaelic. Cornish email: [email protected] lour of the US it is judged a success. and Welsh. Website: www.locrian.com.au Despite a bitterly cold day a good crowd has turned out and the Wexford Pikemen, now retired to a watering hole south of the border, managed to contain themselves and not rout the RUC. The demonstration caused a substantial unnecessary deployment of police and troops. It blocked the main Belfast - Dublin road for almost three hours causing substantial diversion of traffic or delay. The extent of SAFRC’s problem is however demonstrated by the evening news. There is limited coverage from RTE and almost a complete news blank from the BBC. whose reporter at the scene spent most of his time asking committee members about their political beliefs. I left the following day a little more aware of the problems of this community which is trying to shake of the effects of thirty years of military occupation. SAFRC want the cease-fire to hold. They want the Army/RUC to go so that the true economic potential of this area can be developed and the people can lead a normal Michael McManus (Fermanagh) of Republican Sinn Fein speaking at the public meeting in life. Mo Mowlam and Tony Blair are not Buswells Hotel, Dublin, earlier this year to mark the 80th Anniversary o f the First All- listening, so they arc taking their message Ireland Dail Eireann. Earlier a letter calling for a British withdrawal front Ireland was to the United States. handed in to the British Ambassador in Dublin by Ruairi O Bradaiglt. President. Republican Sinn Fein. Regulating The ‘Slave W a g e s ’ Trade

he Manx TUC ( Trades Union Council) wants to see better T -j»_ regulation of conditions globally for workers employed through companies or Mateam? Drew Hedna? shipping agencies operating from off-shore centres like the Isle of Man. The United Kingdom Is taking steps to end the abuse of Third World workers employed on off-shore oil rigs in the North or te (Ya why ha govena pehane evv dre nearth, buz hebma ew gwythres scali po Sea. Rights to a minimum wage are to be hanow an mateamath en Kemow. turont: en deda, nag o Athelstan tarn veeth extended to the workers from May. Mwhy a venga attendia dro nye gwell avel lader leb reeg sesia Kemow en The Isle of Man Trades Union Council radnes ter dew radn: ma riña ew parres tha kethe delna reeg Hitler sesia Poland, raised the issue of the trade in labour from wheaz an baner. ha declaria go leldury Hollen, Frink ampassy. An Kemowian a the third world with the Isle of Man visquethack rag matean), po mateamas, ha vee subject than Sausen drevan na oya government and asked what steps are taken pow, ha gye vedn saval en vor aheaz ha angye namoye fatel erria wor ago fidn, to regulate the wages and conditions of creia hurraw pesqueth a ressa an leiha esal drevan nag o angye creav luck tha gweel those employed off-shore by holding an ‘chy real' davethas drizlebmal et an bar: rcsistcns; buz oil nye a ore per thaa story an companies or agencies registered in the Isle whathe en contrary part, ma ri eral bydnar Kemowian termen an Ozow Creaz, fatel of Man. It followed the allegation in the coves a hey ties ago pow, henew a Gernow, rigans tregas en obery heb referrians tha na North Sea "slave wages” scandal that an peea hedna en ednack der vanar buz hanter reverans rag an curun Sowsnack. ha fatel o Isle of Man based company was involved. gonvethes; ha na vedons gweel dcwhan rag Senez an Stenorian en Kernow abil tha The Trades Council have also used this zorth veeth mateamath. erria bedn an Senez en Loundres heb focus on the issue to pursue enquiries about Pandrew vreaz rima ort Doog Kemow? daunger. the terms and conditions enjoyed by Anna, pandrew breaz an Gembrian ort Rag Kemow, pewa edn mateam po edn seafaring staff employed on vessels Pryns Kimbra? Gothvethcs drigge an Doog vatearnas? Pewa edn pryns po prinnes? registered in the Isle of Man. bevva eta thort tong e estates en Kemow. Hethow, traveeth buz hanow curtes rag The issue was raised at a meeting in Ha fatel reeg e cowas rima? ayshew rina reeg cowas ago dallathvas en March of the Manx National Economic Ethel! boaz reva en 1999. meel vlethan ladran! Nageze mateamath tha nye en Development Council and the Manx TUC uggc coll agon dewetha Matearn Kernovv, Kemow, na prynses. Whathe nye ell gurra will be expecting answers to the questions ha gonz hedna coll agon fredom, dre veca an thatel pella: rag consceyt mateamath en it posed at the next quarterly meeting in tcez Kernuack leb eze adgan o hunnen avel vlethan 1999 a dalveea boaz tra hcndrez, June. Kemowian lia na avel Sausen; en deda, eze peath whiddlow sprlggian. En gweer eta, Stella regardia an Sausen avel eskerens! nageze oatham tha nye namoye a vateam .1 B Moffatt Nag era va cowz dro than deez younk, na Kernow, seer lower nagwonnen Sowsnack! President Manx TUC dro tha rina reeg desky ago kenezlath thort buz a senez Kernuack a vo rowles gen levrow, buz thera ve menegas an deez ew scnezcrs Kernuack, vo cumies meaz an hunt tha pagerigans bluth ha deeg, reeg deez Kernuack dreth dewes Kernuack. desky thort ago tazow ha hendazow, en Ednjouma? lene cumpas athor riña a usias declaria Me na vidna cowz a Sowsnack! Richard Gendaii Pewa a vee an dewetha mateam nye en Kemow? Mesk an moyha pednzhivick agon mateamath a vee Geraint .(hethow, Gerrans) leb reeg cowas e ankow en 710 en Precis: A King? What's That? A New Practical Dictionary aerva Uongborth. Hedna a vee dalla an fo of Modem Cornish rag an Kemowian, whathe na vee buz en 925 dreeg an matearn Howel Kernow The Cornish were deprived o f both - Part 2, English-Cornish submittia than Sowz Athelstan. hag ethew' e king and independence when forced to give regardes en leeaz avel agon dewetha in to the English king Athelstan in 925. mateam Kernuack. Whathe arta, ma mean Despite this, the Cornish still defiantly Over 27,000 entries. co en Penzans vee dereves adro than named as king Ricat. to whom a monument By post, £15.25 Britain, £16.00 vlethan 1000 tha Ricat. henwes avel rex. was erected c.1000 in Penzance. henew matearn. ha pevva bennag vo an Throughout the Ages the Cornish Europe & Eire, £20.50 America & gwreanath ort hebma, sertayne ew na vee continually defied the authority of the Africa, £22.00 W. Pacific. Matearn Kernow' ugge hedna. Metessen dro English crown, and the Tinners' an Kemowian nenna whensis a honora Parliament was able to challenge that o f Ricat avel mateam en speita than Sausen. the Parliament in London. These days the Cheques must Be in sterling draiuaBle Thera than Brittes ago mateamath. seer notion of kings and queens is the stuff of on a London BanlQ Teere 9fa ‘Tavaz, lower, buz rima o Brittes ago hunnen. ha fairly tales. Cornwall does not need a king, deweses meaz an Brittes. ha Brittes o, ha let alone an English one, but her own Tregrill 'Vean, 'Menheniot, Liskeard, Brittes a vetha whathe an Kemowian. Sowz Cornish-elected . Cornwall 1PL14 3TL. o an matearn Athelstan, hag eve a wraze e hunnen avel matearn dres an Kemowian as y Spaainey’ Agh liorish 1750, son y — 1! chooid smoo. va ny klare ashoonyn shoh fo smaght reiltys Lunnin. as gra y Reeriaght Unnaneyssit roo. Va'n unnaneys shoh m a n n i n eooney lesh Britain (sic) dy yannoo yn <€ impiraght smoo niartal sy teihll. Cre’n aght n - ___ II ren shen taghyrt?’ Shegin dou goaill rish nagh vel y siane lioar cho scammyltagh as shen. agh ny-yei shen as ooilley yinnagh eh cur er Celtiee dooie dy hilgey. As shoh lioar oikoil ayns scoillyn Vannin. Limagli Rheynn Ynsee Vannin goaill nearey vooar. S fiemagfiys: Shegin dooin ve bwooisal son un red: ta caslys-cheerey beg sy lioar shoh ta jeeaghyn 'Britain' dooin as cha nel Nerin ry-akin (ny smenkey as ny smenkey nish ta Rieughid as Neu~rieugfiud ‘Britain’ sheeyney magh dy ‘luggey seose Nerin ooilliu). Er y laue elley, voish easlyssyn-cheerey elley t’ou gynsaghey dy row Mannin cur MP-yn gys Lunnin! ammyll er dy henney hug mee my mychione ayns shoh t’ad dellal rish seihll y Shoh doilleeid cadjin ta ry-gheddyn ner dy row inneen ayms goaill theay kiart dy liooar, agh ta stoo quaagh dy ayns gagh cheer Cheltiagh. Adsyn ta Tymmyd jeh lioar-scoill enmyssit liooar ayn. Myr sampleyr, ta paart dy geddyn y varriaght, t’ad screeu y ‘Discovering the making of the UK'. Shoh ghuillagyn sy lioar briaght ‘Row y sleih shennaghys. Agh ta ram sleih jarrood ny lioar fad gymmydey ayns scoillvn ayns boght dy fimnagh boght?’ Ta shin lhaih dy t’ad gynsaghey ayns ny scoillyn ansherbee. Mannin. Ta'n lioar shoh ayrn jeh strane row reiltys Hostyn boirit dy mooar sy Ayns Nerin nish ta doilleeidyn er-lheh ry- enmyssit ‘Feddyn magh invchione y traa cheyoo cash jeig as sy ehiaghtoo eash jeig gheddyn. Ta paart dy screeudeyryn- hie shaghey’, as t'eh mychione ‘Y Crooin, dy row y cheer lane dy wagaantee va shennaghys gobbraghey goll rish y jouyl Ard-whaiyllyn as Pobble, 1500 - 1750’. shooyl ny dhieyn, shirrey jeirkyn. Ta'n hene dy aa-screeu shennaghys Nerin as dy Reesht, ta’n lioar ayrn jeh Shalee- lioar gra dy row ymmodee sleih baghey yeeaghyn dooin nagh row Sostyn cho Shennaghys ny Scoillyn (The Schools ayns stayd trcih car y traa as cha row niart agglagh as shen. History Project), va curril er bun ayns oc er shen. Agh eisht ta’n lioar goll er dy Ayns Mannin, tra vees y Curriglym Sostyn sy vlein 1972. Va’n lioar hene currit ghra: ‘Agh shimmey peiagh sy cheyoo eash ‘Ashoonagh’ scughil magh ass (as nee shen magh ayns 1992 as reesht ayns 1995. jeig as shimmey scrudeyr-shennaghys taghyrt ayns Sostyn hoshiaght) lhisagh shin Foddee dy vel stoo mychione neayrs y Ihing shen ren gra nagh row ram ve aarloo dy chur shennaghys Manninagh (¿heeraghyn elley ayns lioar elley sy ‘trane jeh ny wagaantee shoh as lught shooyl ny roish ny ynseydee ayns scoillyn Vannin. ‘Feddyn magh mychione y traa hie dhieyn dy firrinagh prowal dy chooney goaill ymmyd jeh stoo ta screeut hannah as shaghey’, agh ta’n lioar shoh ooilley Ihieusyn hene. Oddagh y sleih boght er jeh stoo noa. Lhisagh shennaghys ny mychione Sostyn, son y chooid smoo: nobbraghey dy bcagh ad laccai jannoo h-ellanyn shoh goll er ynsaghey er aghtyn Rheynn 1 - ‘Sostyn ayns ny bleeantyn shen. agh v’ad shaghney obbraghey jeh Celtiagh chammah’s aghtyn Sostnagh. 1500’. Rheynn 2 - ‘Cre goll rish v’eh, yioin. Bare Ihieusyn beaghey liorish shooyl cummal ayns Sostyn ec y traa shen?’ ny dhieyn, roosteyrys as geid.’ Rheynn 3 — ‘Cuin va’n Aachummey- Va mee corree agglagh tra lhaih mee Agglish ayns Sostyn?’ Rheynn 4 - ‘Cuin shoh. Y chied red. cha nel ny paitchyn ayrn va’n Ravvloyd Sostnagh (English gynsaghey agh feer veggan dy hennaghys Summary Revolution)?’ Rheynn 5 - ‘Cre cho Vannin ayns scoillyn ‘Manninagh’. Y nah jeianagh as va’n Reeriaght Unnaneyssit?’ red, y shennaghys t’ad gynsaghey History text books currently in use in Rheynn 6 (Y Jerrey) - ‘Turrys mygeayrt mychione Sostyn, t’eh jeeaghyn dy row schools in the Isle of Man (and other Celtic Britain’. paart jeh screeut ec Jenghiz Khan. Agh nee countries) present a travesty o f the history Lhig dooin jarrood Sostyn, Sostyn, gagh moir as ayr toiggal dy vel oo ayns o f ‘Britain Sostyn ear y traa son minnid, as neemavd croni bentyn rish cooishyn-scoill as ny jeeaghyn er yn aghl t'ad geearrec paitchyn ayd hene. Cha nel ad laccai oo dy gynsaghey shennaghvs sy lioar shoh. Son yannoo musthaa sy scoili as cur nearey shickyrys, tra t’ou fosley dty veeal as loayrt orroo. Myr shen, son y chooid smoo. t’ou mychione shennaghys, nee peiagli ennagh eginit gaccan sy thie as jannoo veg. Eisht gra dy vel oo aggairagh. Ayns cooishvn cheayll mee mychione yn amane va currit politickagh. s'mie lesh sleih cry skianjesh da'n inneen aym dy yannoo: jannoo posteyr loayrt mychione ny reeghyn as mraane-rein ry-hoi cur raaue da sleih mychione ‘fer as sleih niartal elley ayns shennaghys. Bare boght' nagh row boght er ehor erbee - v'eh lesh lught y skian toshtal loayrt mychione y goll mygeayrt geddyn jeirkyn liorish tiieay as cre goll rish vc ayns seihll y theay. kialgeyrys! Ren mee sluggey my chorree Ayns Sostyn, tra hooar ny Thoreeyn y reeshtagh. CELTIC LEAGUE INTERNET SITE varriaght ayns 1979, phrow ad dy gheddyn Ta rheynn sy lioar enmyssit ‘Unnaneyssev’n Reeriaght’. T’eh goaill rey rish yn eab va goll er ayns ny scoillyn http://www.manxman.co.im/cleague/ dy vnsaghev da feallagh aeg mychione v loshiaght myr shoh: 'Ayns 1500, va ny theay syn ynnyd jeh gynsaghey ny daaytyn h-Ellanyn Goaldagh jeant seose jeh un jeh reeghyn as mraane-rein. Va ny reeriaght va lajer dy liooar. Sostyn. daa e-mail General Secretary: Thoreeyn lane shickyr dy row ram reeriaght faase, Nerin as Nalbin. as Bretin. [email protected] ynseyderyn keoi ayns Sostyn lhiecney king va fo smaght Hostyn as fo smaght e-mail Assistant G.S. ny vnscydee oc lesh eieyn gaueagh. Haink flahaghyn seyrey. Va Britain (sic) mee- m kermode@mcb. net shennaghys ayns ny scoillyn dy ve ny smoo unnaneyssit. Myr ashoonyn scarrit. va politickagh foastagh. Sostyn, Nerin. Nalbin as Bretin faase Sy lioar-shennaghys ta mee screen cosoylit rish cheeraghyn niartal myry Rank Illiam Dhoan Ceremony T h e L ig h t H o u se Synopsis of Manx Oration delivered by Philip Gawne Thie Soils hey.

Contemporary Manx Music. Manx Heritage Foundation MHFC4, Douglas 1998. Cassette £7.99.

The recent release of The Lighthouse — Thie Soilshey. featuring exclusively a number of young groups and individual musicians, adds to a growing number of cassettes now available of traditional and contemporary Manx music. Included on this tape are King Chiaullee (‘music heads’), the Manx Gaelic choir Caarjyn Cooidagh (‘friends together’), new groups Sheean Rdah (‘good sound’) and Moot (’turnip’), as well as the individual musicians Peter Nango Hill Ceremony Cubberley (known affectionately as Boris) and Katie Lawrence. The items range from known n the anniversary of his death, it is some not. This year, however, I feel traditional pieces (e.g. Juan y Jaggad important to consider just how compelled to break with tradition and Keear, Ta Cashen Er-sooyl dys yn significant the actions of Illiani praise a Government which is becoming Aarkey, etc.), to songs and tunes O associated with Mona Douglas (e.g. Dhoan were to the political, social and more and more supportive of Manx culture, cultural development of the Isle of Man. It and more in tune with the wishes of its Geay jeh'n Aer. Shooyl Inneenyri) but is true that some people dispute his people. which often pass for traditional, to motivation for surrendering the Isle of Man I'he Manx language has been neglected recent and completely new to the parliamentarians, however, few for centuries by politicians specifically and compositions (e.g. Sac dy Check, dispute the effect of Illiam Dhoan’s actions. generally. However, for a Dooragh, Us hag Carrey, Kinnoull, Had Illiam Dhoan followed the wishes variety' of reasons in the last 20 - 30 years a etc.). The styles of playing include of the Stanleys, it is quite likely that a considerable interest in the language and what is felt to be traditionally Manx significant number of Manx people would traditional culture of Man has developed in and feature associated instruments have been slaughtered, the ancient rights the Manx population. In the past 10 years (e.g. fiddle, whistle, flute, etc.) to and laws of the Manx would have been the Manx Government has gradually more modern interpretations using a swept away and undoubtedly the power of become more supportive of the endeavours variety' of electronic instruments (e.g. would have been severely cut if of language groups and cultural brass guitar, keyboard, samples, etc.). not abolished altogether. So effectively we organisations, recognising the value and On occasion I get the impression would have been annexed to the North importance of our indigenous language and that some groups have been cobbled West of England and ruled by a culture. together solely for this recording (as if government too far away to hear the cries Bearing in mind the considerable rising out of the mists of the Curragh), of its newly acquired island and people. hostility to the Manx language from its or of serving the interests of Manx The prosperity which the Manx had people during much of this century music’s prima-donnas and paladins. In enjoyed during the eighteenth century (apparently as a reaction to the loss of addition, there is a tendency to rush would not have come to us and it is quite Manx as an everyday community language) through some tunes, as if there was no likely that the decline in Manx language it is amazing that any Tynwald members tomorrow. The application of and culture would have begun a century brought up in the Isle of Man could ever appropriate ornamentation can give a earlier due to the greater influence of the support its greater use in Mann. Those of us feeling of speed and gusto whilst English on Manx affairs. In short if it who fervently believe that our native maintaining a moderate tempo. hadn’t been for Illiam Dhoan our nation longue and its associated culture should be I am somewhat puzzled as to the would have been impoverished culturally an integral part of the life of our nation, relevance of the title I'he Light House. politically and socially. should remember how greatly many of our 1 would have thought a Manx title Therefore, there is no doubt in my politicians are being asked to change when more appropriate, e.g. Eiraght Jiu mind that the vibrancy and political we call for greater support for cultural causes. 'heritage today’. There seems to be confidence which exists in Mann today There are still a lot of areas which need the assumption, mistaken in my view, owes a great deal to Illiam Dhoan and his government support and/or action, that a non-English title will not sell. actions should be better acknowledged by however. I believe that the Government All in all, The Light House is a the Manx Government. By all means have should be praised for the actions it is taking most welcome addition to the Manx a 'patriots day’, but alongside that we rather than criticised for the ones it is not! music scene. It brings Manx music as should have a national holiday to remember The case for supporting the traditional a living and thriving artform into the Illiam Dhoan. culture of our island is so overwhelmingly new Millennium. Over the years the Manx Government strong that I feel sure that the legacy of has come in for much criticism at the Illiam Illiam Dhoan will be secure long in to the SyC Dhoan Ceremony - some justifiable and next millennium! Building Inter-Celtic links — An opportunity through sport for Mannin

n the modem world, sport is an avenue local business - providing employment for half the teams in the N.L are situated along through which a great deal of players and staff, and creating the potential the Eastern Seaboard — within easy access Iinternational interaction takes place. for ‘feeder’ firms in industries such as of Mannin/Dublin. Furthermore, many small and ‘lesser- merchandise, catering, printing etc. Even known' nations have achieved a great sense the smallest of soccer teams require these of self-confidence, pride and, indeed, facilities/services. Away fans travelling to As a means of creating bonds and international recognition purely on the Mannin for games would also contribute to encouraging interaction between Celtic basis of their sporting prowess. A Celtic the local economy (unlike their English nations and their people, sport can indeed example of this would be the fortunes of equivalent, soccer fans in Ireland are a present opportunities that are currently the soccer team over generally peaceful breed). lacking within the formal political arena. A the last decade and the positive impact this Manx soccer team competing within the has had upon the nation, both at home and 2) Celtic National League of Ireland would assist in internationally. Having a team from Mannin participating achieving the first aim/objective of the The ‘Council of the Isles’ aside, in the N.L would create an official bond, Celtic League - “fostering co-operation opportunities to establish strong and a regular point of contact, between 2 between Celtic peoples” , and could connections between on a self-governing Celtic nations. It would also provide a platform on which to work formal political basis are limited at this provide a boost for indigenous soccer towards the further objective of current stage in history. However, the within Ireland (where the majority of the "developing the consciousness of the world of sport could offer opportunities for population currently support foreign special relationship and solidarity between such inter-Celtic bonds. English teams). them”. It would be a small and potentially One such opportunity may exist for challenging step to take for the Celtic Mannin in the soccer world. There has been 3) The League of Ireland offers the most cause. Yet all such minor steps can only in existence at various stages over the last realistic option for senior soccer on assist in our journey down the road of decade (if not also currently) an ‘Isle of Mannin Celtic nationhood. Man’ soccer team. Playing friendlies and A Manx team could not hope to survive the occasional tournament, they have not successfully in the English or Scottish Steve Bradley participated in any senior league. For a leagues, given their financial demands. E-post: [email protected] number of reasons I believe it would be Meanwhile, the League of Wales is of a beneficial to the Celtic cause if this Manx lower standard than the N.L, and would team was to apply to join the National therefore not provide the level of soccer League in the Republic of Ireland: competition or profile a Mannin team Whilst soccer is obviously not a Celtic would want/need. The League of Ireland is sport, it is in general viewed as a truly of a standard high enough to provide MEC V ANNIN international game. It is therefore not the entertainment, but currently not so high as T-SHIRTS sole preserve of a single alien culture. It is to make competitive participation fruitless m ..... also the world’s most popular sport, and for Mannin. therefore an ideal vehicle through which a Latest design, nation can elevate its standing. The 4) International profile of Mannin following points discuss the positive Playing in the National League would open twio colours aspects of Manx participation within the up the real possibility of Mannin being National League in Ireland : represented at a European level in a senior on greq sport - through winning the league or the I) Mannin’s identity and economy. Cup (not unfeasible over time). This would Playing in the National League (N.L.) undoubtedly be a great boost to the island's Limited edition would strengthen the island's identity by pride, identity and standing. giving it a senior competitive team around Mannin could even go-on to field a Manx m which to rally. There are other examples team in senior International European £8.50 including p&p whereby the peoples of ancient soccer, initially at least through friendly Sizes M, L or ExL cultures/regions that are part of larger states games with oilier Celtic nations. This is not | rally around soccer as a means of asserting a pipe-dream — e.g. the Danish-occupied identity and pride in their individual Faroe Islands (population approx. 25,000) cultures - e.g. Barcelona in Catalonia, participate in all international soccer Cheques to: Athletico Bilbao in the Basque country (has competitions. There is also agitation for a policy of signing only native Basque Catalonia and the Basque Country to be • ■. -*> i '■ players). Whilst the passion for soccer allowed national teams of their . : within these countries is greater than in own. Mark Kermode Mannin. there is no reason why a Manx 22, 3rd Avenue, soccer team could not over-lime nourish 5) Travelling costs to games in Ireland deep bonds with the island’s population. would not be as expensive as may seem , A senior team participating in the N.L. Of the 22 teams currently in the National Isle of Man would also provide an economic boost to League 7 are based in Dublin City, with 2 the island. The team would essentially be a more in the Dublin commuter area. In total. II CELTIC LEAGUE INTERNET SITE

http://www.manxman.co.im/cleague/ c e 111 i c a e-mail General Secretary: «3 [email protected] 1___ □ e-mail Assistant G.S. m kermode@mcb. net Profit From Death A L LA IN V, And M isery quarterly in Breton, devoted to political and social matters as well as literature. Subscription 180F but 220F outside State. 59 Hent "|—Respite assurances that loopholes After the exposure of the Manx Kerdroniou Vihan, 29000 Kemper. ■ allowing Arms Traders to operate involvement in the Rwanda genocide the JL-^from the Isle of Man would be Celtic League called for law changes which The Oct.-Dec. issue (Nr 87) plugged docs the trade go on? - is some of would make it impossible for the arms carries an appreciation of the part our prosperity built on murder and misery dealers, who trade on the death and misery' played by the late Andrev Latimier in in the Third World. of hundreds of thousands of people, to the Breton movement. The main Once again the trading links of operate here. The government responded articles deal with the spreading use of companies operating from the Isle of Man with the Island's FSC announcing that signs in Breton in shops, the work of with ‘dark deeds’ in Africa have been loopholes would be closed (5). The the co-operative EMUN for the exposed. loopholes however may still be there. Have Basque language, recent developments A United Kingdom newspaper (1) has our calls and those of others (6) gone in the Basque political struggle, the learned that British companies using unheeded with more people dead? Why has American Civil War, the Kajun Music. offshore centres like the Isle of Man helped no one been prosecuted for assisting in one Short stories, book and music record to arm the Rwanda Hutu militia who of the worst genocides in this decade the reviews, poems contribute to a wide attacked a group of Britsh and American massacre of one million Tutsis. We should appeal. But it was an article by Divi tourists butchering eight of them, including recognise also that, although the recent gKervella about Knowing our four Britons, in Uganda in March last. deaths of the European tourists were well Emblems which particularly drew my This is not the first Rwanda link. In publicised, the militias armed by these attention. It shows the very important November 1996 documents seized in companies are spreading a reign of murder, place taken by the swan in the Celtic Rwanda from retreating Hutu militia rape and destruction across the Central and specially in the Breton traditions. revealed a tangled web of arms trafficking African region with weapons supplied at D. gKervella is a specialist on this linked to the Isle of Man and other off­ the time with the help of companies subject. He is the author of a 100-page shore centres(2). It is not clear if the operating from the Isle of Man and other booklet in French. “Emblimes et Observer is referring to this episode or offshore centres. Symbolcs dcs Bretons et des Celtes", suggesting a continued link. Last year the The Manx government needs to wake up now in its 2nd edition and soon going Sandlinc episode showed that arms traders to the fact that if they do not act to expose to gel a 3rd augmented version. It is were still using offshore jurisdictions in an those involved in the Rwanda arms trade published by Coop. Breizh. 1998. effort to conceal their tracks. then they invite international opprobrium. Kerangwenn. 29540 Spezet. Price 68F. What is perhaps disturbing about these The ermine which is represented in Africa links is that they arc not isolated J B Moffatt stylised form on the Breton flag was incidents but stretch back over two introduced in our country not quite decades, there is indeed a culture of 800 years ago whereas the swan shadowy and sinister links which probably Reference sources: appears on Celtic archaeological items began at the time of Apartheid and the including a First Century statue of a Rhodesia sanctions and have continued (1) UK Firms Armed Hutu Killers- goddess found near Menez C’homm since. Observer 7/3/99 in W. Brittany and figures in various In 1987 the United Kingdom Independent (2) British Company Supplied Arms to ways in the traditions and literature of newspaper (3) revealed details of secret Hutu Militia-Independent 18/11/96 at least four Celtic countries. (Old meetings between the Isle of Man Irish tales, a Luzel folk tale...). This government and Southern African business (3) Island Accused in Sanctions Scandal book adds to the authenticity of the interests. — Independent 22/1/97 beautiful patriotic Barzhaz Breizh Also in 1987 first details of an aircraft song “An Alarc’h”, as it shows the leasing and transport operation similar to (4) MP Linked to Firm in Pretoria Oil association of the swan symbol with that cited in the recent news reports was Deals May - Observer 1987? the duke Jean IV, an association with revealed. The Observer newspaper (4) (5) Rwanda FSC Acts Over Guns Supply Breton freedom which is revealed carried a report that a company with offices Isle of Man Courier 23/11/96 even more amazingly by the emblem registered in the Isle of Man. Guernsey and of the daughter of our last sovereign. Shannon freeport in the Irish Republic was (6) Reform Needed to End Abuse — Anne de Bretagne. On it there is a engaged in leasing Hercules transport Editorial Manx Independent swan transpierced by an arrow, aircraft to a company called Southern Air November 1996 undoubtedly symbolising the Transport, based in Florida, which was at destruction of our independence. Let that lime engaged in supplying arms to us again take the Swan as our national rebels fighting with UN1TA against the emblem! Angolan government. A. Heusaff Wednesday but waited until Friday, the day of the conference. No one was available for comment. It is suspicious that such an incident could make it so high on the news agenda. Labour and Conservative are unionist Media InfiuencG parties and would never welcome an Independent Scotland. To give SNP bad publicity they link with racism. "Four hostile newspapers are more to be license fees, which citizens pay for and Politics have influenced media for many feared than a thousand bayonets" Independent Television receives funding years and not just in the Celtic countries. Napoleon Bonaparte through advertising. Globalisation has created media and Within the print media, if the owner has political interest in other parts of the world. economic and political interests then it is Rupert Murdoch owns large extensive edia influences us all. It can often possible to manipulate news items. media groups in Australia and the USA. In make a decision for us, through There are different theories on the way in some countries if the media criticise very discreet manipulative which media affects society. Agenda Government then disastrous consequences M can occur, such was the case in El Salvador persuasion. Events can be so hyped that we setting is the theory that media affects us all end up with an opinion that was aired by concentrating on certain issues and not when two newspapers criticised the through chat show programmes. For others. Some of these issues can make their Government. They were shut down in 1980 example air rage and drinking or single way up the political agenda. Framing and 1981 one editor was shot with two of parents and benefits and so on. Policies are theory is down to interpretation. The media his work force killed. (Noam Chomsky, often made through this hype. So what only influence what people think. A news 1997) connection has this to our own Celtic item by certain media groups may be given We should never underestimate the nations? If we can be manipulated to come in such a way that the meaning is different. power of the media within politics. to decisions about the above then why not Reinforcement theory is the concept that the politics related to Devolution or the media only reinforce public opinion and Louise NicLeoid Independence? that the views are already held in society. In 1945 there was no television, politics The market determines the media and if tended to be communicated through they only gave their own views then they newspapers and public meetings. Most would be unable to exist. people did own a wireless, and party Direct effects theory is the idea that the political broadcasts were aired. In 1946, media influence attitudes and behaviour as approximately 25,000 people had the well as the agenda. This includes voting Breton ability to watch BBC for a few hours in the behaviour. A method used in manipulation evening. is having an associated item following the Language Comparing the media of the past to the main news item. For example. “ Item 1, media today, there is an immeasurable The Russian nuclear power station difference, in fact we are flooded with explosion. Item 2, Safety at SellafieId Service variety. There arc newspapers, television nuclear power station, Cumbria"’ (Webb & from over the world through cable and Tossell. 1994) satellite all hours of the day and Internet It is possible for Government to refuse sources. BBC increases in their grant, if they refuse Today politics is a large feature in our to comply with them. Some news items in television and newspapers. The news papers may be written in such a way as the broadcasts give us the politics, which we manipulation association. An example of hope to be unbiased. Television by law is this may be to have headlines, for example. supposed to be balanced and free from bias. Large terrorist bomb kills many in Today television has replaced the public America, beside this item may be Sinn meetings with carefully structured and Fdin. no to decommissioning. staged media events of our political On television this is done in a similar coverage. way The headlines will be the major story J Y. Cozan It is believed that a couple of minutes and the second item behind the headlines is primetime viewing is equivalent to a the item they may wish to use to lifetime of political canvassing. manipulate or taint the first item. There are In November, the Brittany-4 Regional The press is owned by transnational also other variations of manipulation Council voted unanimously for the companies, which have developed out of association. signature by Fiance of the European family groups which began many of the An example may be on Friday 25 Charter for Regional or Minority national newspapers. Extremely powerful September 1998. Scotland Today (Scottish individuals such as Rupert Murdoch lead news) had headlines on the SNP conference Languages. Vice-President J.Y. Cozan these transnationals. Due to powerful in Inverness. The focus was Alex announced that the Council will hold a influence and lack of regulation. Rupert Salmond's speech stating that we should debate on the and Murdoch can influence his own particular not blame the English for our political identity, that a Breton Language media. It is essentially true that newspapers predicament. However, the second item Service will be set up with translators support different political parties, reported on a family who apparently had and research workers, that a Breton predominantly Conservative with an been subject to racist attacks for being Library is planned to be operating element of Labour, however, it is difficult English. The family had apparently moved throughout Brittany as a network. The to separate their ideologies today. Labour to Blackpool to escape. However, on Council decided to allocate 4.2% of its does appear to suffer from an identity further investigation it turned out the father budget to the promotion of the Breton crisis. was Scottish and this apparently occurred Electronic media differs from print in his hometown. The family had a 13- Language and Culture, but this was media, as print media is a free market, year-old son who was being bullied at attacked by the National Front electronic media is regulated. BBC school. No adults were involved and the members — not a surprise. Television is funded by a grant from media knew about this situation on the book. Given that only 48 locations are dealt Finance Sector- with, it is surprising to find Piercebridge Book Roman site captioned as being in Who Benefits from a Code Of Northumberland (p. 51); this mistake is Secrecy? repeated on the location map (p. II). Blandford are surely capable of better than he news that an Isle of Man based Reviews this. Their Heraldic Art Source Book by bank is being asked to provide Peter Spuurier (ISBN 0 7137 2708 X, price details on the accounts of former £19.99)— not on a Celtic theme - is at leas! T Dublin Council Official, George Redmond from someone seeped in the subject. The comes as no surprise. Redmond was here seem to be no let up in the book is carefully laid out and illustrated arrested at Dublin airport after stepping output of books on Celtic themes. and takes the reader step by step through its from a flight from the Isle of Man with Unfortunately, quantity is no subject matter. £300,000 in his procession. T Peter Berresford Ellis has been at it guarantee of quality. Duplication of matter Manx police are apparently assisting seems to have reached plague proportions. again: Celt and Greek: in the their Irish counterparts and news reports These points are well illustrated by some Hellenic World (Constable, ISBN No 09 indicate that Mr. Redmond may be trying to offerings from Blandford. They have added 475580 9. price £20). Ten of the twenty negotiate some immunity with the Irish yet another Dictionary o f Celtic Myth an chapters arc a history of the , and authorities in his dealing with the Flood Legend (Mike Dixon Kennedy, (1997), as such a very welcome contribution, for Tribunal into allegations of sleaze in public ISBN 0-7137-2613. £9.99) to the ranks of these most easterly dwelling of the Celts life in the Republic. those already available. As is the way with have not been given the attention in The fact that Manx police do not seem such books there is an introductory section popular works that they well deserve. Peter interested in Mr. Redmond suggests that he covering matters such as pronunciation, has based his history around the classical committed no breach of law under Manx spelling and who the Celts are - all offered writers - Pausanius, Polybius and jurisdiction, so it must be asked why the as a prelude to the dictionary itself. It has to Herodotus for example. He also looks at secrecy surrounding the bank in which Mr. be said that given a choice between this the Celtic advance into the Balkans, their Redmond lodged his funds? book and Mirander Green’s (Thames and meeting with Alexander the Great, their Consistently, when controversy Hudson ISBN 0-500-27975-6). 1 would sack of Delphi and involvement in surfaces surrounding the Manx Finance choose Green’s. Blandford also offer us internecine Greek conflicts. There is also a sector and who services it. thereis a 'The Bardic Source Book', (ISBN 0 7137 chapter on the Celts in Egypt. Irish reluctance to provide details on the banks 2664 4, price £20) edited and selected by tradition has the fighting as and institutions involved. Perhaps the most John Mathews. It is a collection of 25 mercenaries in Egypt, even if at an earlier notable example of this was three years essays and translations from Celticists of age than the Hellenistic one. Scholars tend ago, when it was revealed that US DEA the past. Amongst the offerings are Dan to dismiss this as a fiction. I am delighted officials had uncovered a scam to launder Corkery’s ‘The Bardic S c h o o ls(originally to see that Ellis examines whether this millions of pounds of drugs money through chapter three of The Hidden Ireland). might be a genuine tradition of a time when offshore centres, including the Isle of Man. Osborn Bergin's introduction to his Irish Celts were indeed fighting in Egypt. Ellis Manx authorities, to give them their due. Bardic Poetry and Eoin MacNeill’s The also examines the question of whether the had co-operated with the Americans to bust Shield of Fionn (from Duanaire Finn vol. 1, Galatians to whom St Paul addressed his the drugs money ring. Photographs of pp. 134-39). If a potential reader is led famous letter were Celts or Greeks living in smiling police officers and politicians from this collection to the original . He argues that they were indeed appeared holding a cheque of reward publications (the three works cited still Celts, reminding us that the first sizeable money from the successful operation. No being in print), then it will have served a non-Greek community to convert to mention however of the banks involved. good purpose. Otherwise, 1 cannot see the Christianity were Celts (pp. 250-52). It is The question must be posed - Who in point of it. especially when sober pieces of incredible to think that Celts have spoken government determined that Uiis culture of scholarship, like those referred to are to men and women who had actually secrecy should prevail and whom does it accompanied by pieces from less reliable known Jesus. This ought to be a reminder assist? If dodgy money is recovered or writers, including lolo Morgannwg. of just how involved we have been in dodgy deals are exposed then all the Blandford seem to be on something of a Christianity and acts as a convenient cue to information including where the business mythological quest at the present. They mention Maire Herbert’s Iona, Kells and was transacted needs to be available. have published John Mathews’ and (Four Courts Press, ISBN 1-85182- The Edwards Report, commissioned by Michael Stead's 'Landscapes of Legend' - 244-5), which is now available in the UK Home Office into offshore centres, subtitled 'A Photographic Journey paperback, price £20. The book is so highly we are told gives Mann a clean bill of Through the Secret Heart of Britain ' (ISBN regarded - and rightly so — as to make health. However, that label will only stick 0 7137 2650 4, £20). The work is not anything 1 could say about it superfluous. if we are open and honest when scandal specifically Celtic in theme but it deals looms! with images which stereotype the past and Kevin Collins therefore contributes to the twaddle still passed off as essentially Celtic. Take the TO SUBSCRIBERS chapter headings and sub-headings: For the reunification Dreams and Rituals: ‘Stone circles and FOR ATTENTION standing stones’; Guarding the Land: ‘Hill of Brittany Figures, Forts and Roman Ways’; The Since January 1, Irish Banks are charging Memory of the land: |and the even more A big demonstration with participation £1 minimum on each cheque written out enigmatic] ‘Time Past and Time Future; from all over Brittany took place in in Euros or in the currency of any of the Fortresses of Chivalry: ’Medieval Castles Nantes on March 6th in support of the 10 countries other than and Halls’; Celebrations in Stone: ‘From demand for the inclusion of Loire- the Republic of Ireland which have Tomb to Cathedral'. Are not the past and Atlantique in the same administrative joined the European Monetary Union. the landscape fascinating enough without region as the other 4 Breton Eurocheques in Irish £ are exempt this? Many of the 48 photographs are truly departments. Polls have repeatedly from the charge as well as cheques in stunning, like those of Men-an Tol and The shown that this is wanted by 62% or BRPs, US$, Can$. Merry Maidens, both in Cornwall. Each is more of the Loire-Atlantique Please take into account that our rates accompanied by a short description, population. are fixed so as to ensure that we get the making the whole a pleasant coffee table amounts indicated on page 24. postal address of your property... is not necessarily a geographic description... but Don’t lose more importantly a routing instruction for the P.O. to follow.” He claims that including parish names can lead to the Parish! confusion and delay if the post town Is omitted, although he writes the "P.O. does not compel users... to use a particular Mrs Joan Cook of Maughold is asking the form of address.” Post Office to reinstate the parish names The postal service is praised by Mrs in the official postal addresses throughout Cook, but she disagrees that the P.O. is not the Island for the year 2000. compelling us to use a particular form of Since introducing post codes, parish address... “The P.O. has told us what our names have been dropped in favour of address is. and has given out our addresses using postal sorting areas: e.g. places like to whomsoever wants to make use of .lurby and Maughold would use Ramsey. them, and therefore all Companies, Mrs Cook feels very' strongly that this will including some of our own Government undermine use of our historic place Departments, use the address you have names, and has written to Mr A Downie supplied, not the one that I want to use.” MHK, Chairman of the P.O. over the Manx language enthusiasts welcomed matter. She points out that the post code the use of post codes because it meant provides all the Information needed, addresses could be entirely in Manx, including the sotting area. without the danger of post being delayed In a reply to Mrs Cook's letter, P.O. or undelivered. It seems that this could Chief Executive W.R. Collistcr denies happen under some circumstances, if P.O. “attempting to extinguish our Island’s staff do not know the post towns In Manx. Cards heritage or dictate to individuals in advising as to the best way to address C.J.K. post.” He goes on to write, “the correct Christinas Cards Beannachtai Cards St. Patrick’s Dav Cards

All Greetings in Irish and Cnglish English Only On Car Tax Disks! £5.00 Stg. for ten (please add 10% for postage)

near Aberddr. The law and DVLA’s own Examples are to be found every day of From how the inadequate Welsh Language Act of language scheme are not ambiguous in this 1993 fails to protect the rights of Welsh- case. Welsh is to be treated equally, and the Northampton Connolly Association speakers to use our language, but a recent circular from DVLA is illegal. 5 Woodland Avenue case has emerged of a public agency whose One of the earliest campaigns of Abington, Northampton NN3 2BY. actions are covered by the act refusing to Cymdeithas yr laith in the 1960’s was for Cel: 01604 - 7 1 5793 comply with regulations after having Welsh on car tax disks, and a number of e-mail: [email protected] undertaken to do so. members were prosecuted for displaying a The Driver and Vehicle Licensing home-made Welsh disk instead of the Agency (DVLA), based in official English one. Even though it is only Abertawe/Swansea, is responsible for a small document, the legal obligation to producing car tax disks which arc issued to display it on the car makes the tax disk an Halifax Say No To Welsh the public by the Post Office. In effective subject for a civil disobedience compliance with the Welsh Language Act It protest, and this campaign was soon won. Statements has produced a Welsh Language Scheme Hut this time it is the authorities who are which it Is legally obliged to follow. breaking the law. We have seen much of The Halifax bank/building society have Around late October 1998 DVLA issued a the ineffectiveness of the Language Act told the Cymru branch of the League that arising from the narrowness of its scope. circular to post offices stating that car disks they will not be ceding to the branch’s must not be filled in by Post Office staff In No one has yet been prosecuted for failing campaign for Welsh bank statements. Welsh nor even bilinguully, but in English to comply with the Act. If the Welsh Office Quoting a statistic of only 0.3% of the only. A reason given for this is that car and the Language quango are unable to cheque books they issue being bilingual disks will sometimes be read by people force DVLA to comply on this matter then (docs this include those issued in without Welsh, particularly if the car goes the Act will be seen to be totally England?) they have told a League member to England. The matter was brought to light ineffective. who holds an account with them that Robat ap Tom os when a member of the public was forced to demand and costs do not justify the accept an English-only disk in Hirwaun provision of statements in Welsh. Cymru branch correspondence with other banks is continuing. Lloyds Bank are still considering the matter and have G al Gael Lonqliouse ancient skill. To find out more about this requested further information. While Welsh project visit our web site at: cheque books and paying-in books have http://www.bannerheather.clara.net/galgael. Build inq Project been available from some banks for mans htm years to date no bank has ever provided Contact Colin and Gehan McLeod at 3/2 22 Welsh bank statements. We look forward to The Gal Gael are starting work on their Drive Road I.inthouse. . G5I 4AD Longhouse building training project in May announcing the name of the first bank to Telephone: 0141 445 6886 agree to do so. this year in Glasgow. This is an entirely E-mail [email protected] unique opportunity to learn an almost lost R apT r ------1 Membership and Subscriptions iRish O em ociuc j All those who agree with the constitution j For news, analysis, reviews, features, and an independent voice j and aims of the Celtic League are j i eligible for membership. The i Published continuously Carn) and ! Annual Subscription Rates (six issues) i membership fee (including since 1939, the Irish | subscription rates are IR£10: Stg£I0: \ Democrat is the bi-monthly £5.50 Britain I enclose a cheque j I00FF or US$20.00 (US funds, cheques j journal of the Connolly £10.00 Solidarity subscription (payable to “Connolly j drawn on a US bank). Europe Stg.£10 j Association which £8.00 Europe (airmail) Publications Ltd”) i outside Europe Stg.£13.00 airmail. campaigns for a united and £11.00 USA/ (airmail) /postal order for For information about the Celtic i independent Ireland and £12.00 Australia (airmail) £------' League contact secretaries: the rights of the Irish in Please send me a free trial copy CD (tick box) | Risnidh Mag Aoidh, 16/1 \ Britain. Regular McCleod Street, Gorgie. Edinburgh, j Name______contributors include the j EH 11 2NQ. e-mail : respected Celtic historian [email protected] Peter Berresford Ellis whose ! BREIZH regular column Annon is Send to: Connolly Publications l.td, Correspondence: Viviane Le Menn, ' Anall has been a feature of 244 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8JR J Kersiguenou 29160 Crozon/Kraon, j the paper for over ten years. Brittany. Subscriptions: Jakez Derouet, 14 i ! Hent Kemper, 29700 Plugiien/ ! ! Pluguffan. Brittany, j CYMRU Robat ap Tomos, 113 Strvd J Cyfarthfa, Y Rhath. Caerdydd, CF2 j La Bretagne de A à Z, 180 pp, _ 3HG. 21x10 cm, by Jakez Gaucher, i EIRE Fionnbarra Mac Treanfhir. i Tuama Dubh, Buirgheas O’n Drona, ! published by Coop Breizh, { Co. Ceatharlach. Kerangwenn, 29540 Spezet, \ KERNOW Martyn Miller. 10 j Trewartha Court, Pound Street, j 1998. Price 68F. Liskeard. 1 MANNIN Cristl Jerry, 6 Glenfaba 1 This book is intended as a practical ! Road. Peel. Tel: UK (0) 1624 843864. 1 guide to enable its readers to know what is | ENGLAND BRANCH Florence \ most essential about Brittany. It consists of J Kenna. 72 Compton Street, London, j fairly short chapters on specific subjects EC1V0BN. with their headings in alphabetical order, ! USA Margaret Sexton, do P.O. Box i such as ‘Bretagne Indépendante’. Bro 20153, Dag Hammarshjold Postal 1 Gozh ma Zadoù (= national hymn).... | Centre. New York. NY 10017. Cornemuse..., Fest-Noz... However, 27 \ INTERNATIONAL BRANCH Alan \ pages are devoted to a history of Brittany. Hcusaff. Seana Gharrdin, An Spideal, j Included are also useful addresses of Co. na Gaillimhe, Eire. organisations and bookshops as well as a ! CEAP BREATA1NN G. May, Margaree ! bibliography and a glossary of important | Harbout, BOE 2BO. Breton terms relating to culture, language [ The General Secretary and P.R.O. of j and history. the Celtic League is Bernard Moffatt, j 11 Hilltop View. Famihill, Braddan. j i Mannin. ! Tel - UK (0) 1624 627128 | The Editor is Ms P. Bridson, 33 Cdide [ Breizh ha Pobloii na Griandige, Rath Cuil, Co. Alba | Europa/Bretagne et Peuples | Cliath, Eire. j Articles for Carn may be sent on disk in j d’Europe, 740 pp, 21x15 cm. j Apple/IBM for Microsoft Word/Works j Published by Hor Yezh and j or Word Perfect along with hard copy. * i faxed to + 353 1-458 9795. or e-mailed i Pur Rennes. i to: [email protected] J Original photographs must be forwarded. 1 Independent Scots read the This book is published in honour of Per J Our next deadline for material for | Denez, since 1990 retired from the j Carn is 1st May 1999. Articles sent for { ‘Scots Independent’ Chair of Celtic, University of Rennes II. i publication in Carn must relate to our • It contains numerous articles connected i aims, and should be typed. All materials i Contact with his field of study as well as ! copyright © Carn unless otherwise 1 contributions by linguists from all over [ stated. The views expressed in Carn are [ 51 Cowane Street the world. Per Denez is one of those j not necessarily those of the editor nor of [ Stirling FK8 1JW who have worked indefatigably for the j the Celtic League. Breton language in this century as a Alba/Scotland writer, a linguist, an educationalist and i Layout: C. Ni Bhrdartuin, Peanntronaic above all as a militant. ! Teo.. BAC 16. Eire. I Telephone Hor Yezh. do D. ar Gevell. Amzcr | Printers: Elo Press, Rialto, Dublin 8. I Stirling 01786 473523 Nevez, Soe, 56270 Plailvour. ISSN 0257-7860 I______i______i 24 Corn No. 1 0 6 Summer 1 9 9 9 £2 .0 0

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c, ¿ 2 ALBA: C O M A N N Breizh ‘ \ w CEILTEACH • BREIZH: KEVRE KELTIEK • CYMRU: UNDEB i ¡ ^ “ V < ' - L •te CELTAIDD • ÉIRE: CONRADH CEILTEACH • KERNOW: KESUNYANS KELTEK • MANNIN: GEIOC l£AGU€ i ^ Ü COMMEEYS CELTIAGH An sin, thàinig triuir Ceiltich thairis air an abhain Tamar gu Sasainn agus bha iad a’ dol don Oilthigh Oxford. Bha lain Trevisa à Crocadon. St Mellion a’ Chorn an duine as ainmeile. Sgrìobh e leabhar mór eolais no encyclopaedia is eachdraidh sa Bheurla agus chaochail e sa bhliadhna 1402. Ar learn gun robh teagasg tre na Coirneis a-mhàin sa Chuirn an uair sin. oir sgriobh Iain Trevisa mar sin:- “Dh’atharraich lain àCorn (maighstir- sgoile gràmair) teagasg anns a h-uile sgoil- Cho Gòrach Ris ghràmair ann an Sasainn. Tha an fheadhainn òg a' treigsinn na Fraingeis agus a' mineachadh agus ag ionnsachadh tre na Beurla...” Mar sin. beagan is beagan. Na h-Eoin dh’fhàs luchd na Beurla buadhmhor! Sa bhliadhna 1349. taing don triuir gillean Coirneach. thòisich teagasg sna sgoiltean n diugh. fhuair mi duilleag a thaobh Am Bàs Dubh. Mharbh e uiread de dhaoine ire na Beurla feadh Sasainn. Taghadh na Pàrlamaid Eorpach air agus. leis a sin. thòisich na h-oibrichean a Sa bhliadhna i362 dh'orduieh Achd na A 10 den Òg-mhios am bliadhna. bhi Cada na bu priseile. on a bha iad na bu Pàrlamaid Shasunnach gum biodh gnothach Bha a h-uile cail sa Bheurla ach aig teirce agus a chionn nach robh robh nan cuirt-lagha o seo a-mach tre na Beurla deireadh na duilleige dé dh'innis i ach far innealradh no machinery ri fhaotain a an àite na Fraingeis no Ladainn. Ach an urrainn dui fhaighinn sna cànaincan dh’oibrcachadh mar sna fàithean sin. Sna a-dh'aindeoin sin cha do dlrfhalbh an lagh eile:- àmannan fada air falbh cha mhór nach robh Frangach gus a bhliadhna 1731 ! Anns an "GAELIC. Arabic. Bengali. WELSH. a h-uile cail air a dhèanamh le laimh aon bliadhna 1362 bha a ‘ Phàrlamaid Gujarati. Hindi. Punjabi. Urdu. Chinese. a-mhàin. Có a bha anns na daoine iosal seo Shasunnach air a fosgladh sa Bheurla agus Vietnamese, Greek. Turkish and Somali.” ach ludid na Beurla agus bu iad a' chuid as bha i daonnan ceadichle an deidh sin. Leis Ach feumaidh duine sgriobhadh no motha. An sin bha an Fheadhainn Mòra a sin fhuair Beurla inbhe no status oiftgeil. fònaig air son sin. agus gu ire bhig gacli sgoilear ann an luchd Theirinn... bu mhòram beud! Carson nach e ile COIRNEIS ann na Fraingeis agus bha iad nan Co dliuibh, shabhail triuir as a" Chuirn cuideachd'? riaghladairean o Cheannsachadh Mór na a chànain Shasunnach... Beurla... agus tha Nach eil Gàidiilig is a’ Chuimreis Sasainn leis na Fraingich-Normanach sa e cho doirbh a thuigsinn car-son a tha an dualach do na h-innsean seo? Agus ma bhliadhna 1066. Fheadhain Mòra cho nimheil agus cho neo- hhios ncach I'ileanta sa Ghàidhlig no sa Mar eisimpleir dh'ordaich luchd na aireil a thaobh na Cuirn agus a' chànain Chuimreis dh' fheumadh e (no i) iarraidh Fraingeis nach biodh còmhradh ceadaichle aice... Car-son? Car-son? son na duilleig sa BHEURLA air son eadar- ach ire na Fraingeis no tre Laideann. Sa Ma bhios sinn. a leughadair. air an aon theangaidh sa Gàidhlig no sa Chuimreis! bhliadhna 1332 bha Achd na Pàrlamaid ramli a thaobh na Coirneis sgriobh gu:- Car-son? Mata, gun teagamh tha an Shasanach a- cur an òrduigh a-mach gum Tony Lloyd MP. Foreign and Riaghaltas agus Seirbheis na Staitsc ag biodh an Fhraingeis an aon cànain sna Commonwealth Office. Whitehall. London giùlain mar gun robh an lompaireachd ann SWIA 2AH. Agus ma bhios tu air lorg de fhathast far nach robh daoinc a' bruidhinn fhèin-riaghladh no devolution lhaighain air ach Beurla a-mhàin direach nan "lesser Tagnaidhean sgatli na Cuirn sgriobh gu Mike O'Brian breeds without the law"... ('se sin ri ràdlt MP. Home Office. 50 Queen Anne's Gate, : PAULA MA I D gun robh ¡ad fo-dhaonna no suarach!) mar London SWIH 9AT. Oir tha a" Chorn an a theireadh Rudyard Kipling. aon dùthaich Cheilteach sna innsean seo Car-son nach eil ar càineanan na h-Eòrpa Mm ■ Urn m aloatam bhMakft) it* i g otuir aig nach eil inbhe no status a thaobh fein- Che il teach, an seo a' Ghàidhlig agus a' riaglilaidh no teagasg tre na cànain dualach Chuimreis a' gabbaiI àite mar gun bheil iad Cheilteach aca. dualach? Mar eisimipleir. car-son nach eil Gilleasbuig MacMhuiricit an dama taobh na duilleige seo sa (Gillensbuig Lachlainn ‘lllensbuig) Ghàidhlig no sa Chuimreis? Agus an taobh ★ Og-mhios if eile sa Bheurla bhon a tha iad a" do! Summary a-steach don a h-uile dachaigh ann an Alba This story takes exception to the wav agus sa Chuimrigh? that the leajlet for the European Agus. car-son nach d'rinn iad an aon Parliament lists Gaelic and Welsh along rud air son na Coimeis? Abair a' Choirrieis wirlt a host offoreign languages with the (Cornish) car-son a bheil an Fheadhainn request that a translation of the EU Mhóra cho neo-aireachail. eadhon caran Elections will be sent on request, nàimhdeil don Choirneis. Nach do shabhail presumably one will have to make such a sgoilearan Còrnach a' chàinean Shasannach sgoiltean feadh Sasainn. Gun leagamh bha request In English! Then it goes on to ask agus rinn iad a' Bheurla 'buadhmhor thairis luchd na Beurla a' fás na bu láidire agus why there is no offer o f a text in Cornish, air an Fhraingeis? leis a sin bha luchd na Fraingeis a' fás after all three Cornish scholars headed by Dh'lhàs tachartasan fàhharach air son caran eagalach. John Trevisa saved the English language in na Beurla. Nach do thòisich Cogadh nan Mata bha an tide a las l'ábharach air son the fourteenth century when it was being Ceud Bliadhna sa bhliadhna 1337 eadar aiscirigh na Beurla an deidli tóiseach screwed by French just like the u'uv that Sasain agus an Fhraing? Leis a sin cltaill an Cogadh nan Ceud Bliadhna 133 7. Gu English is screwing Cornish today! Fhraingeis gradii na dùthcha Shasunnach. h-araidh bhon a bha luchd na Beurla a nis Eadar 1349 agus 1350 dé bliris a-maeh ach feumail air son a bhi nan saighdearan sa a' phlàigh sgriosail bhàsmhor d'am b'ainm Chogadh. ethnic cleansing filled the screens and Scottish Parliament others called for a halt to the bombing which did little if anything to curb Milosevic's death squads. © adjourned 1707 - reconvened 12th May 1999!

he Chancellor of Scotland, the Earl This gave the largest of Seafield, who presided over the number of MSPs. It required careful Tdemise of the Scottish Parliament on negotiations to forge a coalition with the March 25th 5 707 said, "there's an end of an Liberal Democrats. Strong policy auld sang" [old song] Mindful of history differences over the overwhelming wish of the oldest member of the new Scottish all parties other than New Labour to Parliament SNP MSP Winnie Ewing took abolish recently introduced tuition fees for the chair to swear in all the 129 new university students and compromises Members. Many of them pledged regarding the tolls on the Skye Bridge were allegiance first and foremost to the brokered by , whom the sovereign people of Scotland rather than parliament elected as First Minister with parliament before the official oath to the Jim Wallace the Lib Dem leader as his ally. Queen. In particular Alex Salmond SNP. In retrospect the election campaign provided hopes for many strands of Scottish Socialist, However the wish to walk before they Scottish thinking, if not total fulfilment for Dorothy Grace Elder SNP and Dennis run may be one reason why it led the any one faction. The SNP became the Canavan Ind. Labour made commitments Scottish voters turn in a predictable result. leading opposition party rather than leader to the sovereignty of the . They also turned out on a wet and dreary of the administration. The parliament saw All the SNP MPs wore white roses - the day in fewer numbers to vote than expected the first formal coalition in Britain - it is an symbol of Scotland enshrined in Hugh the average was 58%. It remains to be seen experience which will be far from stress MacDiarmid's poem the Little White Rose i f people will be enthused by the debates of free. The ability of the Green Party, the of Scotland - sharp and sweet, that breaks the next four years. They also elected our Scottish Socialists and an independent ex- the heart. Four members took the oath in thirty - two local councils and they Labour MP, Dennis Canavan to be elected Gaelic. They elected Sir David Steel received a larger than usual poll returning provides a breadth of view and colour to Liberal Democrat as the Presiding Officer mixed results for all parties. Clearly big the temporary home of the new parliament and the SNP’s George Reid along with issues will be discussed and decided. in the General Assembly building of the New Labour’s Patricia Ferguson as his two However the shadow of Tony Blair's Church of Scotland at the Mound in assistants. Betöre Winnie Ewing concluded control freaks hung over Edinburgh. her duties she said * 1707 was said to be the Lhe first result of the first modem Scottish Much new ground has been broken and end of an auld sang. We together can begin parliament. In exceptionally misty weather it is hoped that the committee structures to write a new Scottish song. 1 would urge Scotland’s first modern parliamentarians and electronic voting and information all of you to sing it in harmony, fortissimo.' gathered to make history and hopefully systems will create a much more involved Thus the near 300 year wait to resume sing a new Scottish song. law making in Scotland has now been population and through the proportional electoral system a greater consensus of bridged. The 1997 Referendum gave a Rob Gibson strong YES-YES and the elections of May ideas. 6th 1999 elected 73 MSPs by first past the On the other hand the great divide post and 56 under a proportional system between the Unionists and Nationalists will called the Additional Member System. The remain until the voters speak in four years results were of no overall majority for one time. Yet the sense of a process unfolding party. The National shares of the first and rather than an event taking place once and second ballots are summarised as follows:* for all gives the newest parliament in the World a hope for enhancing Scotland's life 1st ballot and democratic future. New Labour 39% = 53 seats The election campaign like that in 1997 SNP 29% = 7 for Westminster seemed to last a long six Conservative 16% = 0 weeks. The SNP received a mixed Lib Dem 14% = 12 reception for proposing that Scotland Others 3% = 1 should refuse the penny tax reduction bribe Independent Scots read the ‘Scots offered by . New Labour Independent’ Additional Members on the 2nd ballot British Chancellor of the Exchequer when housing, health and education spending New Labour 33% = 3 seats Contact I SNP 28% = 28 was being cut in Scotland. Also the Kosovo 51 Cowanc Street | Conservative 15% = 18 crisis overshadowed the debate. Alex Lib Dem 13% = 5 Salmond's SNP colleagues were forced Stirling FK8 1JW | Green 4% = 1 seat onto the defensive when their leader Alba/Scotland I Scottish Soc. 2% = 1 described the NATO bombing campaign as Telephone Others 5% = 1 unpardonable folly'. While the tabloid Stirling 01786 473523 press turned on him. the weeks of the action proved his point as the refugees and I______I Nationalists Blair's English fishery seizure from Scots Success "like a sneak thief" says SNP uring the Scottish General European Court of Justice if London he Celtic League forwarded a Election campaign in April, refuses to back down. message of congratulations to the Djurisdiction over 6,000 square The New Labour controlled Scottish leaders of the Scottish and Welsh miles of Scottish fisheries waters in the Office under Secretary of State. John Reid T North Sea were handed over to English says that a line had to be drawn before Nationalist Party's after the two organisations success in the recent courts of justice. This redraws the legal jurisdiction is handed over to the Scottish Parliamentary and Assembly elections. border between Scotland and England Parliament on 1st July. He claims that the The League works closely with the without any debate or consultation. old jurisdiction was "just in people's various National organisations to promote The SNP claims it has huge minds” and that only fishing matters are self determinations in the Celtic countries implications for both fishery and oil and affected. The international implications are and elected members in Scotland and gas exploration, administration and considerable and Carn readers will be Wales have been particularly supportive of taxation especially in the event of Scottish briefed on developments. a number of League campaigns. Independence. It could be raised at the RG League Secretary General Bernard Moffatt also sent a separate message of support to Scottish leader Alex Salmond applauding his stance over the NATO Celtic A rt bombing of Yugoslavia. The letter is printed below: Dear Alex, an d Design I have written today to the SNP. on behalf of the Celtic League, conveying our congratulations to the Party on its success Celtic Art and Design - an exhibition of in the recent Scottish parliamentary the art form was held in May in Weston Favel! Library - Northampton. elections. I would also like to take the hobby. He prints designs on stones, slate, opportunity to write to you personally and The Northampton Connolly Association, card and fabric. His fabric strips with applaud the difficult, but courageous stance sponsors of the Irish Community Arts designs from the book of Lindisfame were you took over the NATO bombing of Project, put together an impressive display eye catching. His screen printed cards and of CelLic art forms by a small group of Yugoslavia. envelopes are well known in Britain as he it was inevitable that this would be Celtic artists in this middle England town produces bi-lingual cards, some with seized upon by youi political opponents of Northampton. greeting in all the Celtic languages. His and the hostile media in Scotland to attack First impressions were the massive eight prints on stones and tiles were especially you personally in the hope of damaging foot square fabric Celtic wall hangings. pleasing. There is great potential in this SNP and its chances in the election. They were really impressive. You have to area. walk around them and those small Celtic It may be difficult in such David Nicholls is a freelance artist of designs you see in books are blown up to circumstances to advance a reasoned some repute. His work is mainly in pencil an impressive size. The colour and the argument however, events which have with shading. His designs are all original, unfolded — and continue to unfold - in design hits your eye. If there was a seat based of course on the traditional Celtic available I could have sat and stared at relation to the terrible tragedy in the manuscripts. You have to see this work to Balkans indicate that the stance you took these designs. The middle, the corners all appreciate the new explorations on the was the correct one. told a story. basic inherited designs. His designs are an The centre piece was the Irish dancing Yours sincerely exploration of the variations in Celtic Bernard Moffatt costumes from the traditional simple green design. Budding Celtic artists could learn a Secretary General with simple Celtic designs done by hand to lot here. the ultra modern, dare I say. psychedelic The blurb tells us that this exhibition was designs and colours. to enlighten and inform and the eight pages GAELIC UNIT UNCAPPED Joy Daniels makes Celtic stencils and on the history of the Celts and their culture produces some really beautiful cards. must be read. The Librarian arranged Edinburgh City Council arc to expand Stencil work can allow some really subtle school visits and children were encouraged the capital’s Gaelic unit with the colours and blends and Joy even adds to make their own designs or colour in recruitment of a new teacher. This glitter to her designs which make them freely supplied pre-printed Celtic designs. development marks great progress from sparkle. A joy to see and something I The Irish dancing costumes were the dark days of 1997 when the council would like to learn. I understand that she presented courtesy of the Rhona Baldry was discussing the possibility of setting runs classes. Academy of Dancing and the Fiona an overall limit on numbers at the unit Tony Teevan is a quiet man with a great McMahon School of Dancing. The and introducing restrictive selection Celtic talent in leatherwork and glass. He facsimile of the Book of Kells was loaned criteria such as Highland background. presented some leather cases with fine by Mary Clifford. These proposals were opposed by a workmanship and the shading is perfection. Peter Mulligan who put this exhibition massive postcard campaign and A four foot by six design in leather with a together tells me that the next one is demonstration. The council are also clock in the middle is great but his full already planned and he would like Celtic currently engaged in discussion with sized glass door with a Celtic design etched artists from around the world to submit language activists regarding the into the glass was superb but he should designs via the internet. He can be possibility of the establishment of an all have put black paper behind the glass to contacted on pmcelt'ii compuserve.com. Gaelic school. bring out the design. O’Lynn Alasdair MacCaluim Peter Mulligan is a screen printer by j hi “j an diazcz da vcvafts an den da vezafl ps freuzet. 'M eus aon ez eus peadra da zic’hoanagifi. J. Diamond en deus degaset anadurezh kcndrec'hus da skorafi e dezenn b ir e i z h met spi en deus koulskoude e c'haller : : c’hoazh bevennafl an dismantr ha diogelifi \ un dazont d'an den. Ret eo avat gouzout tennafl gounid eus hor skiant-prenafi ha deskifi mestroniafl hon dougoù henvoazel Diwalloinp Buhez an evit lakaat ar gumuniezh denel war un hent nevez a-grenn: isurzhiafi an ekononiezh d'an ekologiezh. Setu a die awenafi hon Douar hag an Den emsavioù broadel ivez. A. Hcusaff

G eriou nevez: amvevadelourien: ’eo kct nevez lavare! ez eo lakaet ar par ma c’hallint, diwar vremafi da zarbar ecologist.s; gourc'hwel: em ployment; vuhez diorroet war an douar e- poanioù ha reuzioù skrijus d'o bugale ha bevedouriezh: physiology, emziskoue­ kerzh 3.5 miliard a vloavezhioù en d'o bugale viltan. Ha ni o stourm evil zidigezh: appearance, emergence. N Summary: arvar bras da vout distrujet ma teu un trede diwall na vo distrujet merkoù hor brezel-bed pe ma talc'her da saotrafl hon broadelezh gant hon amezeien vras ha gant The greatest challenge now facing endro gwashoc’h-gvvazh. N'eo nemet da unvanadur ar bed. ken pouezus all eo mankind is how to ensure the continuity of heul drouzlwczh Hirochima e tiwanas an kemer perzh el luskad da ziwall an endro. its existence. The prospect of countless emskiant eus ar riskl. Aliesoc'h-alies e vez Entaon o paouez lenn ul lcvr hag en deas species becoming extinct due not only to anv bremafl a ziouennadur spesadoù lakaet a-wel din splannoc’h eget biskoazh nuclear war but to a wilful or unintended anevaled ha plani, a gontammadur an ment an drast a ya war-raok buanoc’h- destruction of habitats, with drastic doureier. a lazhadegoù tud a-gantmiliadoù. buanafl dre ar bed a-bezh koulz lavaret. Al consequences for our material subsistence, Kevredigezhioù amvevadelourien a rao levr-se. "The Rise and Fall of the Third is most convincingly brought in the book seizh gwellafl evil lakaal ar pobloù war Chimpanzee ". gant Jared Diamond a garfen "The Rise and Fall of the Third evezh rak kresk an distruj. Ar renerien- e vije gouest an Itoli d'e lenn pa ziskouez Chimpanzee", by biologist- stadoù a oar ez eus ezhomm da barraat pcgen don en emdroadur ar spesad den. en environmentalist Jared Diamond (ISBN 0 ouzh an droug d’en em ledati mei ne welont e hérezli anevalek, email gwriziennct an 09 991380 I). A must for all! Its ket ez eo ken difraetìs-se pe daoust ha nc dougoù d'an distruj. An aozer, ur conclusion could be thus summed up: ouzonl ket penaos lakaal harz dezhafl hep c'helenner war ar vevedouriezh e Skol- Priority to Ecology over Economy. rivinafl kevrennoù pouezus eus an armerzh Veur Kalifornia. Los Angeles, en deus hag a belec’h e teuy an arc’hant evit an degaset kalz anaoudegezlt nevez da studi an diarbennoù da ober? Ken garv eo ar amvevadoniezh. E levr zo aes da lenn ha ‘Etnrenerezfi c’hevezerezh er Marc‘had ken ne fell ket deurus-meurbet - ne lavaran kei dudius. dezho lakaat reoliadurioù strishoc’h d’an rak ankenius eo e glozadur. An tern: embregerezhioù evil gwareziñ an endro ma penaos, goude bezaft choniet war-dro tri evit ‘Bro-Sfas ne vezont kel degemcrei ivez er broioù all. milion a vloavezhioù hep scvcl uheloc'h derou an nevezamzer e teuas an Ao. Ne c’haller ket tremen hep emglcvioù bedel eget live-buhez ar chimpanzeed eo deuet an Andrew Welsh, besprezidant an SNR er e'heflver-se. Gwelit penaos e c’hwitas an den. e berr amzer, da heul e emdroadur da ha kannad skosat e Parlamant Unaniezh Europa! e Kendalc’h Tokyo da Homo Erectus ha dreist-holl, kalz E London, da gemer perzh en eil “Celtic gaout asant ar Stadoù-Unanet ha Japan evit diwezhatocTi. gant emziskouezidigezh Meeting" aozet e Lokarn, kreiz Breizh. an digresk en diskargoù ''aezhennoù ti- gouenn Cro Magnon, penaos eo deuet da Komz a reas eus an emrencrezh da vezafl gwer" (dioksid karbon. metan) rekis evit aloubiii ar bed a-bezlt ha gounezel gantafi roet da Vro-Skos dindan he farlamant e Din mirout ouzh live ar mor da uhelaat hag bremañ ar gal loud da eilpennafl an boll Edin. ouzh an toull er gwiskad ozon da ledanaat. araokadur a-sav-taol. “Dav eo gouzout". emezaft. "ez eo an Ar cTiemmoù a rankfed ober e kement Ended an denelezh war c'horre an Douar SNP ur strollad poblek eus an tu klelz skourr eus an armerzh a zegasfe zo bet pennabeg da ziouennidigezh nouspet Koulskoude. abaoe pell'zo omp a-du gant adframmadurioù ken trubuilhus d'o heul seurt anevaled bras. Meur a boblad zo bet an entbregerezh prevez... Ar war dachenn ar gourc'hwel ma vele enebet- kaset da get gant alouberien. Rolloù eus c'hooperativou e Breizh evel e Skos zo eus groñs outo ganl an tolpadoù michorourien. gouennlazitadegoù kaset da benn abaoe ar gwellafl evit meur a dra. War dachenn an pa lakjent nouspet anezho da goll o labour. 1492 a ziskouez e c'hoarvezont paotoc'h- energiez.lt. an arc’hanterezh, ar skolioii- E pep bro e vo mennozhioù disheflvel paot. Muioc’h-mui a dud. dezho muioe'lt- ineur e reontp berzh. Hag evel-just hor evit talaft ouzh an enkadenn. Ouzh ar mui a c'halloud a glask tapoul krog en whisky zo hep e bar...” a lavaras kannad broioù diorroet e c'houlenner asantifl da danvezioú-beveziñ. hag ar re-mafl o vont Angus. Bro-Skos zo ur vro binvidik. Deuet izelaat o live a vuhez. Ar re greñv avat a war nebeutaat. Ne chom ntui frankiz a- eo pinvldikoc'h c’hoazh abaoe ma'z eus gendalc’h da dennafl splet eus danvez ar re walc'h war an Douar. a-barzh ur c’hantved bet kavet tireoul er mor en-dro dezlti. Met wan evit mirout o renk uhel hag o all e vo peurfreuzet an endro ma dre ma’z a muioc’h a arc'hant er-maez gant aezamant. Gwirheflvcloc’h eget rannait kendalc'liontp da neriñ lia da verniañ gouarnamant London eget na zeu en-dro madoù ar bed ingai etre an Itoli boblou eo e dilere'hiadoù. Ha pa varvfe an holl dud digantafl cz eo kresket youl Skosiz da savo bec’h spontus en darempredoù diouzlttu e vo aet c'hoazh da gel spesadoù adkavout o Frankiz. etrevroadel die ma'z ay ar madoù-sc war diniver a blant hag anevaled e-kerzlt an Da vare Maggy Thatcher Ita Bobby rouesaat. Ha n'eo ket 'ta en abeg da se e nebeut dekvloaziadoù'zeu. Pa’z a ur seurt Sands o deus gvvelet Tony Blair hag an New talc'her d'an annou nukleel? Salv ina vije bevien da get e kas gantañ un aridennad a Labour e oa dav kreflvaat an dcmokratelezli kavet tu buan da gizidikaat ar pobloù ouzh seurtoù all. an eil re e dalc'lt ar re all evit o e Breizh-Veur. Setu perak ez int act a-du an ezhomm d'en em glevout evit diwall. bividlgezh. Evel-se email kempouez an natur c riskl da vezafl eilpennet-krenn hag gant rein dam eus beli ar Stad. “devolution". da Skos ha da Gembre. Besprezidant an SNP en deus trugarekaet T. Blair evil an dra- se. E-giz New Labour, an SNP zo digor war- Breton Language Office Set Up du Europa hag ar bed-holl. Mel sevel a ra enep implij ar nerzh-distrujart hag an armou. O vezafl ma’z eus teir yezh e Bro-Skos cz a Breton Language Office, the first a-du gant al liesyezhegezh hag ar gwir da in the history of Brittany, was set vout dishcnvel. A up on May L in Karaez in the Da heu) al lantm roet da Thatcher e voe presence of about 40 representatives of the koulz ha skarzhet an “Tories” eus Bro-Skos Breton cultural movement and of J.Y. ha kresket-niat harp an dud d'an SNP. Ar Cozan. vice-president of the Regional strollad-mafi eo a ren er c'hrenngeriou. E- Council. They elected an administrative pad ur pennad a-raok an dilennadeg d'ar council which unanimously appointed as Parlamant e kinnige trec’hih en enklaskou- president the dynamic and likeable Lena meno. Padal. gant ar brezel e Yougoslavia e Louarn, editor of the monthly Bremaii voe sachet an dud en-dro muioc'h a-du gain who is also active in various language Lena Louarn, President o f OF IS ar Strollad al Labour. Forzh penaos. laouen eo associations in Rennes. She was installed Brezhoneg (Courtesy Le Peuple Breton) ar Vroadelourien gant ar votadeg pa ‘s eus in her function by the veteran militant Per aet un drederenn eus ar bobl a-du ganto. Ur Denez. The Office is headed by a seek to operate in close liaison with the c'hresk bras eo. Amzer o do bremafi da committee of 6 members with Iwan elected representatives. The challenge is brientin kemer ar galloud er vro... Kadored as secretary. It has six full time enormous, but “we shall succeed”, said Gi Keltik employees and hopes soon to have 10. It Per Denez. The main office is to he Summary operates to begin with on a budget of 4 installed in Karaez in September. Another Prior to the elections for the Scottish million francs. Its creation is due to the in Rennes under the direction of Olier ar Parliament, A. Welsh. MP for Angus spoke help and will of the Regional Council. It is Mogn will take over the work of the in Brittany about the growing popular intended to be a means of promotion, Breton Language Service which was support for the SNP. The results proved development, observation, terminology in attached to the Breton Cultural institute. very satisfactory for the nationalists. the service of the Breton language. In There will soon be a third office in Nantes. order to Implement an effective policy The Regional Council wants all parts of for its repossession by the people it will Brittany to be involved.

851 when it was incorporated in the NANTES AREA WANTS Kingdom of Nomenoe. The city was for European Charter five centuries, from Alan Fergent to REUNION François II and the very popular Duchess Signed by France Anne, the preferred residence of the Breton he demonstration for the rulers. It boasts the famous Castle of the he French Government finally, reunification of Brittany held in the Dukes of Brittany. (This last 2 words are grudgingly, signed the European Tstreets of Nantes on February' 6 was readily omitted by the partisans of the Charter for Regional or Minority T attended by about 5.000 people including a status quo...) Languages on May 7. Although a number of elected representatives such as Finally, the democratic reasons. The constitutional lawyer had advised that 52 of J.Y. Cozan. vice-president of the B-4 population was never consulted by the its 98 articles would not contravene the Regional Council In charge of Breton governments, but repeated opinion polls Constitution, only 39 of them were accepted, Identity matters. Next day. the results of an showed a majority in favour of joining the i.e. 4 more than the minimum required. opinion poll commissioned by the daily rest of Brittany in one region. Surely "France is generous", said De Gaulle! These Ouest-France were published, showing that genuine democrats would take account of articles, it appears, cover such measures (in over 68%* of the Loirc-Atlantique the wishes of 68%. Yet the reactions from education and media) which are already in population - more than ever - favoured the "establishment” have been as usually existence, but not much else. The government being incorporated in the same dismissive**. Big words like democracy, specified that the speakers of regional administrative region as the other 4 Breton justice, liberty in which they revel have languages were recognised as "groups", not departments and supported a referendum long for them become so much as empty as communities with rights of their own. In on the issue. shells. any case, the Charter has no v alidity until it Numerous demonstrations have been held Thierry Jigourel is ratified by the National Assembly. This during the past 30 years against a (shortened text by translator A.H.) will not happen until (perhaps) nest year. separation dating back to a decree of the * Even S. of the Loire the figure was President Chirac intends first to submit the Vichy government in 1941, but the 63%. while in the W.. north of the river 39 articles to a constitutional vetting successive governments have maintained it was more than 80%. (another!). It is by no means sure that they the unfair status quo. Is their state such a ** Opposition to reunification was voiced will get over the N.A. hurdle. Politicians of fragile construction that they fear a united by the may or of Nantes. J.M. Ayraut all hues arc clamouring that this innocuous Brittany? ("the federalist culture is not in the Charter is a danger for the unity of France, a There are strong arguments for French genes”), the president of the threat to the employment chances of the reunification. Loire-Atiantique Department Council. hlllngually educated children, anything you First, the economic reasons. With Loire- ("Unemployment is a more pressing may hope the people will swallow. Their Allantique. Brittany would have 4 Million issue” - one does not rule out the attacks are backed by some papers, e.g. Inhabitants and would rank among the main other), the minister of Home Affairs Charlie Hebdo. supposedly leftist, which Euro-regions. Deprived of one quarter of arch-centralist J.R Chévenement and don't shrink back from Insults to speakers of its population, one fifth of its territory and others in the Pays-de-Loire region the minority languages verging on racism, one third of its GNP it would be ("what would happen to it without such as in a cartoon representing Bretons as condemned to remain a minor region. Nantes?" - quelle calamity!). pigs. Nothing new. Then the historic reasons. Nantes with A.H. A.H. Loire-Atlantique is part of Brittany since State Hindering DIWAN Progress

he plan to transfer the DIWAN Lycée this year from Ar Releg neart TBrest, where its premises are no longer spacious enough, to large buildings in Kerampuilh. outside Karaez/Carhaix. was put in jeopardy by the Regional Préfet when he decided on March 19th to appeal to the Administrative Court in Rennes against the decision of the Regional Council to give a subvention of 10.2 M francs for the adaptation of those buildings so as to provide up to 200 pupils with Demonstration Jor Uiwan Lycee in Karaez 2/. 03.99 (Courtesy of Thierry JigottreI) classrooms and boarding. The place, occupied by old people, was to be vacated by May 15th. Work was scheduled to begin Regional Council and J.-Y. Le Drian immediately to ensure it could at least give accompanied Andrew Lincoln, president of EXCHANGE PUBLICITY accommodation to the pupils by September. DIWAN. to a meeting with P.M. L. Jospin. The préfet's appeal claims to be based on A government decision was postponed to AL L1AMM, literary a law dating back to 1850 according to June 30. Always seeking to gain tine, and which not more than 10% of the money presumably expecting that all minds will magazine in Breton, bimonthly. needed by a ‘‘private school establishment" then be looking forward to holidays. Subscription 180 F but could come from public funds. An article in No progress was made either on April 12 the weekly Bretagne-Info shows that the when Regional Council. Karaez 200/250 F airmail outside préfet misread the law. DIWAN has municipality and DIWAN delegates met the State^ to Herve Latimier, 27 repeatedly stated its claim to be a public préfet of Finistère to press him for a school system, giving free and non- solution regarding the Lycée. The Regional Bali Laenneg, 35000 Roazhon. denominational education like the State Council and Karaez remained determined schools. However this belated intervention, to release the subventions Lhey had voted The issue Nr 313 begins as usual with a coming immediately after the préfet for. DIWAN rejected the prélèi’s proposal few poems of which one is by Jan Dcloof, attended a meeting in P.M. Lionel Jospin's for classes to be held in rooms of the a Fleming who has published two offices, is obviously designed like so many Scrusier (public) Lycée. There was nothing collections of Breton poetry in Dutch other official measures and statements to definite about it. It was unacceptable to go translations; here he writes movingly in thwart the growth of DIWAN. on under the same precarious conditions as memory of his parents. Per Diolier, who DIWAN immediately responded by for the past 5 years. In an open letter is quite familiar to AL LIAMM's public, calling for a big protest on 27 March in (published a.o. by Bretagne-Info) to the expresses nostalgia for the long gone Karaez. 8.000-10.000 people attended it. Its socialist councillors of the Karaez area who happy days of his youth. A folk tale purpose w'as to back the demand for the objected to the Lycée project (even though remembered by Gwenael Herrieu as told subvention to enable the Lycée to open in it could for a start bring 150 much needed in the winter evenings at the beginning of September and. equally important, for the jobs), A. Lincoln detailed the reasons for this century' reads all the more agreeably official status of a “groupement d’intérêt his refusal. In Lycée Sérusier. the DIWAN that it reflects die humour of the ordinary- public" to be given to DIWAN. Such pupils would find themselves in a French people of his native Gwened area. I had groups with cultural aims are already speaking env iron merit which would make it never read ‘Alice in Wonderland’ but 1 recognised in law as "of benefit to the impossible to adhere to the principle of enjoyed the beginning of that story country”. The status would hopefully put Breton immersion, the very raison d'être of translated by the regretted Herve Kerrain the financing of the schools on a firm basis, their type of education. when jailed 15 years ago for refusing to thus enabling them to develop free from the To date (May 25) nothing is settled. But serve in the French army. Reun ar present crippling restrictions and to builders have started working in C’Halan throws light on several aspects overcome the continuous obstacles placed Kerampuilh. somewhat late. DIWAN is of our folklore, proverbs, onomastics, in their path. The government was urged to determined to have accommodation ready tdponomy. In a more creative vein, respond before May 15th. in September. Rooms lor classes should Goulc’han Kervella tells about a doctor J.-Y. Le Drian. socialist deputy and then be available on a temporary basis in under cardiac threat who has written a leader of the opposition in the B-4 the town. In the meantime, the Breton novel about an old man he sees daily Regional Council, proposed that DIWAN organisations are all urged to attend the gathering limpets. Which of the two will be incorporated into the Ministry of Culture June 5 gathering. If necessary a series of survive the other is decided at the last on the grounds that the Breton language demonstrations will be held to press the moment. Some of the shorter was "part of the national heritage”. Like the demand for recognition as a public service, contributions should encourage new megaliths and the old chapels then? Not a "failing this, the existence of every one of writers vocations. The Notentioii keep thrilling idea! But DIWAN could still retain our schools will remain under a grave readers up to dale on various aspects of its identity, he said. threat” (DIWAN bulletin). the Breton cultural scene. Early in April, the president of the A.H. A.H. Homeland of the Fransoaz Louarn, Rights of Man Breton Woman of the Year: '98

Condemned or the third consecutive year the "Maouez ar Bloaz” trophy was awarded by Keltik Associations and rance likes to boast being the land F the Crédit Mutuel de Bretagne (bank and elected as it were by the Gods to insurance company). Fransoaz Louarn. incarnate the marvellous ideal of the F farmer and chairwoman of the Committee Rights of Man. Was it not those father- for the Development of Kastellin (W. figures of its First Republic. Danton. Finistère), was the happy winner. This Robespierre and other Marats who served it year, the leaders of the "War Bed ar so zealously in such places as Vendee and Gelled" radio programme chose to honour Tyrol! Last December, the 50th anniversary the world of economics. The award, given of the Universal Declaration of Human on International Women's Day, is reserved Rights was celebrated with great pomp in by Keltik Associations to Breton speaking France but great care was taken not to women. mention that it proclaimed also the Peoples' Three nominees were invited on March Right to Self-determination... Still is it not 5th at the CMB head office. Fransoaz in that country that they speak "the Louarn has been a Breton language language of liberty'?” Are those who engage militant for a long time. She took part in petty attempts to tarnish its image not actively in the setting-up of the DIWAN jealous of the perfection of the concept they school in Rennes with her namesake Lena have in Paris of human dignity? Fransoa: Louarn. Louarn. editor of Breman. Breton is the Breton Homan of the Year: 98 mother tongue of the family. So it was — A Damning Report natural for her to help the Roudour On January 21st last the International This woman of convictions is not afraid language centre when a first Breton Human Rights Federation issued a report of speaking her mind. Thus she didn’t course was run. last year, for members of which for once got a good coverage in the hesitate to express her solidarity with the the two farmers organisation, the FDSEA French press. It called into question the vegetable farmers when they and the CDJA. judiciary anti-terrorist unit attached to the demonstrated in April ‘98 on the bridge of An agronomical engineer by trade, she 14th Public Prosecutor's court in Paris with Morlaix. It is with the same informality took over her parents' dairy farm. She is which Bretons. Basques and Corsicans are that she joined the farmers of Algol, her known for her commitment to the rural now familiar. Drawn up by the British native village, in cleaning the nearby- world. Not only is she a leading member lawyer Michael Me Colgan and his Italian river. ot the FDSEA. she is also president ot colleague Allesandro Atanasio. it states in On the whole, a range of human, FARRE. a forum promoting a rational way its preamble that “the anti-terrorist cultural and professional qualities make of of farming that respects the environment. practices prevailing in France open the way Fransoaz Louarn a potential candidate for Referring to FARRE. she said: "In Penn to an arbitrary administration of justice... new agricultural and economical At Bed (= Finistère), the contribution of There is a wide spectrum of violations by- responsibilities. the Committees for Development in France of its obligations under the Gi Keltik creating this ‘label of quality' constitutes European Convention of Human Rights an important step for the future”. (which, by the way. she was one of the last States to sign and ratify, as in the case of the Charter for Regional or Minority- Languages)... These violations are innocent asserted by Art. 6 of the European extremely worrying. They contribute to Convention of Human Rights. leave empty of substance certain As regards the struggles of the nations CELTIC LEAGUE INTERNET SITE fundamental rights, which however, are without Stages of their own incorporated in guaranteed by the Constitution". the French State, the author's consider that http://www.manxman.co.im/cleague/ The authors refer in particular to the the "repression all around policy adopted centralisation in Paris of the organs in by the government creates more problems e-mail General Secretary: charge of the struggle against terrorism, as than it solves, t hey suggest that the French [email protected] laid down by a law of 9/9/86. and to the State would do well to adopt models used e-mail Assistant G.S. by neighbours, that when a certain point is increased power given to the new mkermode@mcb. net departments. They further denounce the reached they would tackle the political widely used practice of the examining problem. Finally, they recommend that it magistrates of accusing people of should renounce the resort to special laws "association with criminals involved in a which it so readily uses whenever "the integrity of the national territory" is terrorist undertaking...". "This allows too ACKNOWLEDGEMENT much room for arbitrary interpretation and deemed to be threatened. enforcement". They criticise the protracting Besides, one can only wonder why the The information given in this section of investigations and the abuse of Corsican. Basque or Breton militants are provisional detention. In their view the treated more severely than the Red other than in the articles from G. Keltik and interrogation of the accused is similar to an Brigades or the Rrima Linea terrorists Th. Jigourel is gathered from the inquisition in a strict medieval sense in that whom France protects for ideological periodicals Kelcicr ar Brczhoncg, it is structured in such a way that it can lead reasons and refuses to extradite in spite of Kannadig UGB, Breman and Bretagne Info. only to a conclusion of culpability, thereby repeated demands from Italy. disregarding the right to be presumed Th. Jigourel A.H. umbrella organisation of social institutions and community groups working for the ■ Basque language with some 100,000 members and 5.000 employees. Last year i t i they had organised a campaign "Bai « e r u Euskarari", Y'es for Basque, bringing 100.000 to rallies held in five football stadiums. While acknowledging that some important steps for normalizing Basque had been taken by the Basque parliament, there was a need to set firm foundations for the language policy for the next century. Ewro, Euro, Iwro ?? Principles from the demands of the Bai Euskarari campaign have been adopted into Cymdeithas's demands for the language policy of the Welsh Cynulliad, outlined in Eleni gwelwyd dechreuad Undod erafll. Mae'n Gymreigiad naturiol ar the document “Dwyieithrwydd Ari annoi Ewrop a’r un uned arianno! yr enw. sydd yn cael ci ddefnyddio fel Gweithredol/ A Working Bilingualism”, in yn cael ei ddefnyddio nr draws y rhan rhagddodiad yn barod, ac mae’n particular the basic principles on which the fwyaf o'r Undeb Ewropeaidd am y Irò swnio’n gartrefol yn y Gymraeg. Ond language policy should be based, namely: cynlaf ers dyddiau'r Ymherodraeth mae'r sillafiad yn vvahanol i'r hyn sydd Rufeinig. Mae'r cam yma yn livvb i ar yr arian. Yn Saesneg a Ffrangeg • Welsh is the language proper to Wales statws y gwledydd bychain mae Euro yn cyfateb i'r enw ar Ewrop (priod iaith Cymru) difreintiedig gan ei bod yn golygu yn y mewn sain ac mewn orgraff, ond • Welsh and English are the official pen draw na íydd rhaid i ni ddefnyddio mae'n rhaid i ni ddewis rhwng yr languages of the Cynulliad arian ein gormesvvyr. Ond mac pclh orgraff a’r sain. Beth mae ieithoedd • Wales is a multilingual country within a ansicrvvydd yn y cyfryngau. ac ymysg eraill a'r un broblem yn wneud? 3. wide multilingual context y Cymry eu hunain. am belli i aiw'r Iwro. Bcnthyciad o'r Saesneg yw'r uned arian nevvydd yn Gvmraeg. Mae ffurf lion, fel "iws" a "niwtral". Mae The first of these principles gives o leiaf dri envv yn cael eu barter gan benthyca o'r Saesneg yn naturiol i'r Welsh a special place in view of its history bobl vvahanol - Euro. Ewro ac Iwro. Gymraeg. ond yn yr achos yma mae in Wales and its role as a symbol of Welsh Gan fod pawb sydd yn dcfnyddio iaith arwyddocad gwleidyddol i fenthyca. identity. It is the common inheritance of all yn dylanwadu mewn ffordd fach ar Mae'r uned arian Ewropeaidd yn uno people living in Wales, be they Welsh- ddaiblygiad yr iaith (yn yr un ffordd ag cenhedloedd ar delerau cyfartal. Drw\ speakers or not. Although treasured as the y mae pleidleisio mewn etholiad yn arfer envv arno sydd wedi'i gopi'o o'r main symbol of Welsh nationality, it is not dylanwadu mewn ffordd fach ar Saesneg Ira mae ieithoedd eraill yn to be restricted to a symbolic role. ganlyniad yr etholiad) mae'n werth i ni arfer ffurf gynhenid yr ydym yn Ihe second principle provides ystyried pa ffurf i'w chefnogi. I. Euro. c.vdnabod darostyngiad ein cenedl a'n assurance to English-speakers of their Dyma’r ffurf fydd wedi'i hysgrifennu hiaitli i'r Saeson ac yn diraddio nid yr rights. It is to be taken to mean that the two ar yr arian ei hun. Y ffurf hon sydd yn iaith ond Cymru fel . Felly languages are to be treated on an equal cael ei harfer yn Saesneg. Ffrangeg ac gadewch i ni aros a dilyn esiampl basis and that everything is completely Almaeneg ac fe'i hyngenir yn ól ieithoedd eraill wrth ddewis ein henw bilingual except in cases where Welsh only patrymau ynganu rheolaidd yr ar yr arian newydd, a pheidio ag is used as the language proper to Wales. ieithoedd hvnny (sef "iwro" "yró” el'elychu'n slafaidd iaith ein meistri. The third principle is a recognition that "oeró” yn fwy neu lai). I ddilyn y Robat ap Tomos Wales Is part of the multilingual European patrwm yma dylem ni vsgrifennu Union and that a number of other "Euro" a’i seinio fel yn "euraid". 2. Summary languages are used by some people in Ewro. Dyma'r ffurf sydd yn cyfateb There are political implications in the Wales e.g. Greek. Urdu. The document i'n henw ni ar Ewrop fel y mae Euro names we chose for the new European recommends that the Cynulliad make use yn cyfateb i Europa/Europe ieithoedd currency, the Euro, in our languages. of such languages where appropriate. In the past the existence of speakers of other languages has been used as an excuse to refuse status for Welsh ("Welsh Is not the only minority language in Cardiff, you know”). The document outlines how the language policy of the Cynulliad should Welsh In The Cynulliad reflect these principlcs:- • All titles used should be in Welsh, as the language proper to Wales, rather he annual conference of Cymdeithas Basque Country, a stateless land of than bilingual e.g. the presiding officer yr Iaith Gymraeg. the Welsh comparable size to Wales which has had should be known, in English, as the TLanguage Society, held in limited self-government for some twenty Llywvdd. the assembly members as Aberystwyth in March, was concerned years In the number and percentage of Aelodau o'r Cynulliad. and a regional above all with the position of ihe language speakers of the native language, the Basque committee as a Pwyllgor Rhanbarth. in in the Cynulliad Cenedlaethol / National country resembles Wales more than do the the same way as titles such as Assembly for which the historic firsi other Celtic countries. Could their and Tanaistc are used in elections were just a few weeks away. experience of self-government teach us Ireland The conference was addressed for the anything? The Basque representatives were • The title Cynulliad Cenedlaethol first time by guest speakers from the leading members of Kontseilua. an Cymru (and Y Cynulliad as the short form) should be the official name of the assembly in English loo. cf. again Dàil Eireann. (Hence the use of the title Socialists: ‘Cynulliad" through this article) • The business of the Cynulliad should be conducted fully bilinguallv. with Hostile Moves simultaneous translation in both directions. (This is the main difference between these recommendations and in Finistère what is actually happening). • The committees as well as the plenary' sessions should be fully bilingual with simultaneous translation in both ■y : was customary for the UDB party to directions and everyone invited to I ask its supporters in elections, where it address committee meetings having the A h ad no candidates or if they had lost in right to do so in Welsh or English a first ballot, to vote for those of the French • Cymdeithas have called on all Aelodau Socialist Party (PSF). But in recent years, o’r Cynulliad who are able to do so to the latter has been so negative in its attitude use only Welsh in the Cynulliad. and towards the specifically Breton aims of the call on non-Welsh speaking aelodau to UDB that it decided to discontinue that learn Welsh and use it as soon as favour. Revenge and open hostility possible followed. It has been particularly nasty in • All members of staff of the Cynulliad Finistère and more so in the Karacz canton. should have a knowledge of Welsh, At the instigation of Richard Ferrand. though Lhe level of ability required will Celtic Ail; Cards PSF, representing that canton on the vary for different posts Finistère Department council, eight Cl t! isll t ius Curds • Communication with the public municipal councils dominated by socialists through signs. notices and Beannaehlai Cards withdrew the financial contribution they advertisements should be bilingual with SI. Patrick's Den Cards had promised to give towards the cost of the two languages given equal building work for the DIWAN Lycée. In St. prominence, the Welsh on the left or at All Greetings in Irish and English Ilernin the Socialist councillors defeated the top and English on the right or £5.00 Stg. for ten the UDB mayor's budget proposals. beneath (please add 10% for postage) Several cultural associations known to have ■ Where appropriate, e.g. notices in supported the Lycée project saw the Welsh languages papers. Welsh only subventions they used to get from the should be used From Finistère council, now controlled by • The Cynulliad should communicate Northampton Connolly Association socialists, greatly reduced or suppressed. with other public bodies in Welsh only 5 Woodland Avenue This applies to cultural centres (Ti ar Vro in Abington, Northampton NN3 2BY. Karaev. Ijin). to the excellent quarterly AL The recommendations of the Assembly Cel: 0160+-715793 LANV. to the Karaez Vieilles Charrues Advisory Group, which will be form the e-mail: [email protected] festival which draws 100.000 participants, initial practice in the Cynulliad. include a a bigger crowd than any other in France on fair amount of the above. The major which however millions of public money difference is that simultaneous translation are lavished, but then that festival apart will be only from Welsh to English so that Gaelic and from bringing economic benefits to a low speeches in English cannot be heard in employment area could not be forgiven by Welsh. This, in effect, makes English the Catalan in the enemies of the Breton language for main spoken language in the Cynulliad and having made a gift of one million francs to also means more effort and time is required Scotland’s DIWAN! to produce minutes of the sessions in arliament The question arises as to who is behind Welsh. The struggle for the national P Richard Ferrand. At the very top. language to he given its appropriate place undoubtedly the minister for Home Affairs in our Cynulliad is far from over, and T he first day of operation of P. Chévenement. But the numerous protests Cymdeithas yr laith will be not relax in Scotland's parliament saw all 129 at all those measures have brought alarm to pursuing these matters. MSPs taking an oath of loyally to leading socialists like F. Cuillandre MP and the English monarchy. This blatantly J.Y. Le Drian. MP for Lorient and leader ot Kobat ap loin os provocative oath was only taken under the opposition in the Regional Council. Up protest by a large number of MSPs. What to now. there was almost universal was less widely reported was the fact that agreement among politicians on the need to lour MSPs chose to take their vows in "preserve our linguistic heritage", but not Gaelic and one in Catalan. The SNP all are happy to see Breton being brought CELTIC LEAGUE INTERNET SITE members Michael Russell and Winnie back into use by young people. Hopefully Ewing, both Gaelic learners, took the oaths they are wise enough to think that the http://www.manxman.co.im/cleague/ bilinguallv as did the Liberal Democrat dictates of their ideological bosses in Paris MSP Jolin Farquar Munro and the Labour may weigh less with many of their voters e-maii General Secretary: MSP Alasdair Morrison both of whom are than their concern with the future of the [email protected] native speakers. In a surprising move, the language. That is how they should be made e-mail Assistant G.S. lory MSP Nicholas Paul Johnston, who is to feel. It has to be said that there are many [email protected] married to a Catalan, chose to repeat his socialists who sincerely support Breton. oath in Catalan. Alasdair MacCaluim A.H. The elections lor the first manipulated the election of Welsh Cynulliad Cenodlaethol/ Alun Michael as leader of the National Assembly took place party in Wales, instead of on May 6th and were Rhodri Morgan, the favoured characterised above all by a FIRST ASSEMBLY choice of party members in substantial increase in support Wales and Welsh people in for Wales's national party. ELECTION - general, did not help the Plaid Cymru, mainly at the Labour campaign. It is no expense of the Labour Party surprise that the one seat who hold power in London. Plaid Prevent where the Labour vote No one party won a majority increased was Cardiff West of the sixty Assembly seats, so Labour Majority where Rhodri Morgan was the the government of Wales will candidate - we can guess that have to depend on co­ some of his support came as a operation between parties. The gesture of defiance to breakdown of seals is: Labour London. Alun Michael only from all parts of Wales. The closest (all 28. Plaid Cymru 17. Conservative & just scraped in on the Mid & West Wales behind Labour) included Cvvm Cynon. Unionist party 9, Liberal Democrats 6. regional list. Thus in number of seats, as well as Pontypridd. Preseli Sir Benfrof The Conservative & Unionist Party, the Pembrokeshire and Abertawc/Swansea percentage of the vote. Plaid emerged main opponents of devolution in Wales, clearly as the second party in Wales with West, while in Clwyd West Plaid could seemed to approach the election on a ticket more seats than the two smaller unionist have won if some of their voters had not of fundamentalist unionism. A reduction in apparently voted Labour in order to keep parties put together. the amount of compulsory Welsh in schools Because 40 of the 60 seats were based and no additional powers for the assembly on the same constituencies as those used featured prominently in their campaign. A lor Westminster elections, with the other 20 Tory leaflet delivered to my own door being top-up seats to give a degree of started with the words "Whether you voted proportional representation, a comparison ‘No’ or didn't vote at all in the with the last all-Wales vote, the referendum...” The campaign failed in Westminster election of 1997. is that much general with the Tory leader, like the easier. In 1997 Labour won 34 of the 40 Scottish Tory leader, (ailing to win back a seats in Wales. Plaid Cymru having four traditional Tory constituency that had been and the Liberal Democrats 2. In this taken by Labour in 1997 and depending on election Labour lost six of the seats they the regional list to be elected. However in hold at Westminster - 4 to Plaid Cymru, two very Anglicised areas which bad voted and one each to the Tories and Lib. Dems. heavily against devolution. Mynwy/ Plaid won the four scats they hold in Monmouth and Bro Morgannwg/ Vale of London comfortably with increased Glamorgan, the Tories did succeed in . President o f Plaid Cymru majorities - Dafydd Wigley in Caernarfon pulling out a substantial vote, enough to (Courtesy of Le Peuple Breton) and in Ynys Mon win the former constituency and come a winning in their own seats, and Dafydd Elis dose second in the latter, possibly as a Thomas (former Plaid president and result of the appeal of their anti-Welsh Westminster MP) in Meirionnydd Nant out Tory leader Rod Richards, a futile step stance. Conwy and . Mayoress of since Richards was first on the Tory So the first elected Aberystwyth, in Ceredigion winning the regional list anyway. is in place and ready to assume its limited seats held in Westminster by Elfyn Llwvd In addition to the constituency victories powers. Labour, as the largest party, are and Cynog Dalis respectively. As we hoped Plaid took scats in each of the five regions forming the administration. Despite lacking and expected Plaid won Carmarthen East & thus ensuring that everywhere in Wales has an overall majority they have chosen to do Dinefwr. the seat where they came a close a Plaid representative in the National so without a coalition - this will increase second in 1997, with Assembly. and Dr. Phil the opportunity for Plaid to influence taking 53% of the vote. Less expected were Williams, who nearly won Caerffili in a by- policies when the chance arises. Alun Plaid victories for Gareth Jones in Conwy election thirty years ago. were elected in Michael was chosen as First Minister by in the North and in South Wales East. , leader common agreement. Dafydd Wigley is Llanelli in the South - both areas bordering of Rhondda Cynon Taf council, and Owen official leader of the opposition - not an on Plaid territory hut which have never Jon Thomas of Cardiff were elected in opposition as destructive as that been held by Plaid in Westminster. The South Wales Central. Janet Davies and Dr. characteristic of Westminster, we trust - most symbolically significant Plaid Dai Lloyd were elected from the South and Plaid's Dafydd Elis Thomas is victories came in the South Wales valleys. Wales West list. Ceredigion Westminster Llyvvydd/Presiding Officer. Labour's main stronghold in Wales in MP Cvnog Dafis was elected in Mid & The Plaid successes in the Assembty which Plaid had never before won a West Wales and in North elections were supplemented by successes Westminster constituency despite several Wales. in local government elections held on the close seconds over the years. Geraint The Labour vote decreased in every same day. Piaid retained control of Davies won for Piaid in Rhondda, a seat constituency hut one. with much of Wales Gwynedd council in the North West and they had been hoping to win ever since showing a substantial decline, despite the gained control of Caerffili and Rhondda they came a close second thirty years ago. fact that the Tories failed to regain the Cynon Taf in the southern valleys. and Brian Hancock look Islwyn in Gwent, ground they lost to Labour in 1997. The once the seat of former Labour Party leader decline was due to the swing to Plaid, of Robat ap Tomos Neil Kinnock. course, and can be attributed, among much While it is victories that count, else, to disillusionment with the right wing satisfaction can be gained from the very stance of the New Labour government. The large number of respectable second places way in which Labour from London thír amhàin a chur in oiriùint go direach do thir eile chuir mé in iùi do thuismitheoiri Dhùn Éideann go mbraithtear sa tir seo gurb i an scoil neamhspleàch an bealach is fearr le tumoideachas trid an dara theanga a chur ar fàil. Mhinigh mé dóibh freisin go raibh gluaiseacht na gaeiscolaiocht fior lag agus in isle bri go mór 20 bliain ó shin ach go bhluil fàs agus forbairt as cuimse tar éis teacht ar an réimse scolaiochta seo le 20 bliain anuas. Do shamhlóinn an rud céanna Scoil Gàidhlige ag tarlù in Albain mà bhionn dóthain tuismitheoiri ag gníomhú ar son na gluaiseachta mar atà anseo. Bili seisiùin oibre mar ehuid de chlàr ama do Dhún éidecrnn an tseimineáir chomh maith agus situigli mé isteach ar cheann acu. Bhraitheas go bhféadfainn a bheith ag cruinniù tuismitheoiri gaelscolaiochta anseo in Eirinn. Bhi na ceisteanna céanna faoi obair mi Bealtaine na biiana seo caite thug ngaelscolaioeht in Éirinn agus tliugas bhaile. caidreamh le pàisti eile nach bhfuil trilìr ó ghluaiscacht na gaclscolaiochta aghuidh ar Albuin don dora uair taobh sa scoil chéanna, tuismitheoiri gan Iin Eirinn cuairt ar Ghlaschù na hAlbain ¡stigli de bhliain cium labhairt le grùpa Ghàidhlig nò ar bheagàn Gàidhlige srl. ag le labhairt le grùpa tuismitheoiri ansin a tuismitheoiri ar an Aoine 19 Marta. Bhi an teacht anios. Bhi diospóireacht bhriomhar raibh a bpàisti ag freastal ar Aonad seimineàr ar siùl ar feadh an lae ar an speisiúil faoi go leor gnéithe den LànGhàidhlige i scoil Bhéaria sa chathair. Satharn faoi chathaoirleach Robbie Ó tumoideachas agus nochtaigh daoinc Is ¡ad Ciaràn O Feinneadha. tuismitheoir Maolalaidh, fear as Baile Alba Cliatli ala tuairimi éagsùla faoin cheist. Bhailigh an agus bunaitheoir gaelscoile. bun agus léachtóireachl i Roinn na Ceiltise in sitia le chéile aris ansin agus tugadh tuairisc iarbhunleibhéal. Pàdhraic O Ciardha. TnaG Ollscoil Dhùn Éideann. Bhi freastal an- ó na seisiùin oibre ar fad. Cé gur là fada agus tuismitheoir agus Jacqucline Ni mhaith ar an seimineàr féin. Bili suas le oibre a bhi ann bhaineas an-taitneamh as an Fhearghusa. Stiùrtlióir GAELSCOILEANNA 100 tuismitheoir i làthair agus ba léir go seimineáir agus tháinig mé ar ais go (eagraioeht comhordaithe na seoileanna raibh an-spéis acu i gcoincheap na scoile hÉireann lán de dhóchas go bhfuil LànGhaeilge) an triùr a d'¡migli trasna go Ghàidhlige. 1 measc na gcainteoiri, bhi rcabhlóid scolaiochta le teacht freisin in hAlbain. Bhi an deireadh seachtaine againn Morag Mac Néill ó Leirsinn. Sabhal Mór Albain mar atà anseo le blianta beaga ann agus bhi fior spéis ag na tuismitheoiri i Ostaig. Mike MeCurdy, Cumann nani anuas. O shin i tà grùpa oibre bunatthe gcoincheap scoil neamhspleàch seachas bParant. Glaschù agus mé féin ag cairn ar ag na tuismitheoiri i nDùn Éideann chun na Aonad a bhi l'aoi smacht agus faoi chùram thailhi na hÉireann. féidearthachtai agus na deacrachtai a na màtharscoile Bhéaria. Chuir siad chun Labhair mé go prlomhà ar na deacrachlai bhainfeadh le scoil neamhspleàch a bliunù, oibre le fonti ina dhiaidh sin agus thosaigh a bhaineann le lumoideachas a chur ar fàil a fiiiosrù tuillcadh. Guim gach rath ar feachtas làidir dian chun foirgneamh scoile do dhaltai sa dara theanga i dtimpeallacht thuismitheoiri Dhùn Éideann i pé cinneadh a aimsiù agus chun cead a lliàil scoi! an chéad teanga. is é sin an Bearla, sa tir a dhéanann siad. lanacht mar atà le hAonad neamhspleàch a aimsiù. D'éirigh leo ar sco agus in Albain. Is è taithi ghluaiseadu Gàidhlige nó feachtas a thosù chun scoi! deireadh. cé gur cuireadh go leor constaici na gaclscolaiochta anseo nà nach neamhspleàch a bhaint amach. Bhi agus rompu. agus beidh an scoil nua ag oscailt ar n-oibrionn sruihanna nò Aonaid go hàirithe beidh GAELSCOILEANNA fíorshásta pé an 17 Lùnasa 1999. Ócàid stairiùil ar fad ag an mbunleibhéal. ar an mbonn go bhfuil cabhair agus tacaiocht gur féidir finn a agus tàtliar ag suil leis go spreagfar na pàisti timpcallaithe ag an niBcarla go thabhairt don ghluaiseacht in Albain. tuismitheoiri in Aonaid Gàidhlige eile ar loill agus go bhfuil sé do-dhéanta iad ag fud na hAlbain chun an t-éileamh céanna a cur ag labhairt na Gaeilge Insinuigli den Jacqueline Ni Fhearghusa, dhéanamh. Tà sé i gceist ag tuismitheoiri rang. Mas lumoideachas aia i gceist agus Stiùrthóir na scoile damhsa ceilidh mór a bheith acu ma là mórchuid na ndaltai ag teaehi ó GAELSCOILEANNA chun oscailt na scoile a cheiliùradh ar an chùlra Bearla ni mór iarracht mhór a Satharn 19 Mcitheamh i nGlaschù. Guim dhéanamh sa scoil le einntiù go bhfuil gach radi ar an scoil nua agus tùiiii einnte deiseamia ag na dallai an Ghaeilge mar Summary go raclifaidh si ó neart go neart sna blianta tbeanga blieo a chlcachtadh. Do ehuid .4 Gàidhiig medium school will open In ala amach romhainn agus go mbeidli si mar inhaith acu is beag teagmliàla a bheidh acu Glasgow in August after much effort and tliuar dóchais agus mar shampla dóibh siud leis an nGaeilgc tar eis an la scoile, cé go some difficulties placed in the way of the ar mian Ico scoil neamhspleàch Gàidhlige a gcaithfear a rà go bhfuil tionehar an-mhór parents. GAELSCOILEAXXA manager. bhaint arnaeli sa todhchai. Gura fada huan le hiinirt ag TnaG anseo. Jacqueline XI Flieargitsa, one o f three iad! Tà cleachtadh ag GAELSCOILEANNA who visited Glasgow to advise Tà caint ar siul i nDun Éideann freisin le ar an Roinn Oidcachais agus Eolaiochta on the Irish experience in May of last year tamall anuas i measc tuismitheoiri na Icanai agus eagraiochtai oidcachais cilc a bheith went to Edinburgh in March to talk to the ata ag freastal ar an Aonad Gàidhlige ansin. ag tairiscint sruthanna don eagraioeht mar parent s group there, . i day long seminar illaidir le neamhspleàchas a hhaini amach fiireagra ar an éileamh leanùnach ar an with workshops led to a lively debate with don Aonad sin. D'eagraigh Comunn nani oideaehas tri mheàn na Gaeilge. N'il an echoes of many of the questions raised by bParant nò Coiste na dTuismitheoiri mar a eagraioeht sàsta glacadh leis an rogha seo parents in Ireland. The Edinburgh group thabharfai orthu i nGaeilgc. seimineàr lae in aonchor agus cuirfear go làidir i geoinne are wished well. do thuismitheoiri an Aonaid sin ar mhaithe non iarraehtai sruthanna a bhronnadh ar leis na tuismitheoiri a chur ar an eolas faoi thuismitheoiri seachas seoileanna ead a bhi ag titilli amach i nGlaschù agus in neamhspleàcha inar leidir timpeallacht Eirinn maidir le cùrsai gaelscolaioelita. agus sainmheon Gaeilge a chruthù i gceart. Tugadh cuireadh domsa labhairt ar an Cé go bhfuil sé deaeair ntùnla nò taithi Protastúnaigh Óga ag Foghlaim Gaeilge ó Thuaidh

Pupils from Bunscoil ilí aiste an-spéisiúil i gelò ag Anton Phobal Feirste Mac Cába ¡ Cuisle (iris nua Gaeilge in Belfast Ba foilsítear i gConamara) cúpla mi ó where the shin. "An Rang Runda” ba theideal don Gaelscoileanna aiste seo agus séard a bhí inti ná cur síos ar AGM was held na daltaí Protastúnacha ó scór scoil stáil for the first time. sna Sé Chontae ó thuaidh atá ag gabháil do chúrsa Gaeilge a reachtaíonn Gacl-. Cúrsai idir 8 agus 10 seachtain a bhionn i Call for Celtic Emphasis at geeist. Daltaí ó rang a sé a bhionn páirxeach agus. de réir dealrainth, is mór leo uile an Gaelscoileanna AGM Ghaeilge. Ar na múinteoirí a dheachaigh i The first Gaelscoileanna AGM to be Alba to help those promoting Griidhlig bhfeidhm orthu tá lan Malcolm, nó Eoghan held in the North (in Belfast, in April in medium education and advised schools to Rúa Mac Giolla Choilin mar a thugann sé conjunction with Gaeloiliunt. the Council remember their Celtic connection when air féin i nGaeilge. ls duine spéisiúil é lan. for Irish Medium Education in the North) considering international links and visits. Protastúnach atá ann. aontachtai daingean, heard reports on a year of significant In the context of the new parliament in duine a thacaíonn go láidir le foireann sacar achievement. Among these were the final Scotland and Assembly in Wales he Glasgow Rangers. Aeh is duine é treisin a commitment by the Dublin Government called for a greater awareness of our bhfiiil grá mór aige ar an teanga. to the establishment of a support body for interceltic links. In particular the aversion Tá sár-obair á dhéanamh ag lan agus na Irish medium education, the opening of to the use of the (to describe múinteoiri eile agus is cosini go bhfuil six new schools (two interdenominational) Ireland. Britain and the Isle of Man) in toradh ar a saothar, óir tá na daltaí óga in the Republic and four (but without the media leading to the use of the term Protastúnacha ag cur an-spéis sa teanga recognition) in the North and ‘These Islands’ was noted and he called agus iad (bnnmhar a thuilleadh den teanga improvements in the poor accommodation for the adoption of the more correct term a íhoghiaim amach anseo. Ach ¡s faol rún position for many Gaelscoileanna. “The Celtic Islands' and suggested that los. t'araoir. atá na ranganna Gaeilge ag du! In his Presidential address Vivian the Irish Dept, of Foreign Affairs ar aghaidh. Nil aon cheann de na Uibh Eachach referred to the visits to henceforth use this. scoileanna atá páirteach sásta go n-ainmneofai iad. B'fhéidir amach anseo, nuair a bheidh rath ar an bpróiséas siochána, nach mbeadh an drogali céanna C o n a m a r a C aeltacht T h reatened orthu. Feicfimid. Sean Lia Cearnaigh i is depressing some thirty years after predecessor. Gaehara Éireann. Politicians the formation of the long defunct were certainly not going to weaken the I Gaeltacht Civil Rights Movement (and powers of their parties in local authorities Summary il did achieve some very positive tilings) to merely to try to stem the (even thenvery Pupils in some Protestant state schools read that the process of westward clear) erosión of Gaeltacht areas! in the Six Counties of Northern Ireland are expansion of Galway City coupled with Now the position is becoming now learning Irish thanks to an 8 to 10 the rocketing house prices associated with as Pádratg Ó hAoláin, Of weeks course called "Enrichment the roar of the Celtic Tiger is threatening Information with the Údarás Programme in Gaelic Studies" sponsored not only the areas immediate to it but, due thing is vety clear at this momo by . Irish language learning to the knock on effect, the Whole of this is not aii Integrated language forms a major part o f this course. Pupils weakened if still vibrant Gaeltacht. As the very, short' time, (hère is no < are keen to learn Irish, even if none o f the price of land and houses have soared in the English will have the upper h participating schools wish to be identified. Gaeltacht areas closest to the city the end o f the day". Unfortunately effect lias been fell further west and young such plan and what is required Gaeltacht couples are leaving the country ranging initiative which woul< for the city to find accommodation. both housing and linguistic The call thirty years ago for a proper powers of the‘’darás should be e; Gaeltacht Authority with full planning allow it to incorporate plannin powers was met eventually, but in part only, and develop a comprehensiv. in the severities with the establishment of economic and^ linguistic me¡ Údarás na Gadtaclua (with elected control) counter these trends and e which essentially only took over the irvival of the various Gaeltacht ¡ industrial development powers of: its : ...... " : : : Funding Refused for Irish A ttacks on UN Peace- Schools in North K eepers O Donghaile pointed out that although T he refusal of the Six County DENI criteria demanded that a school has a Crime Under Department of Education. DENI, to a projected increase of 25 new pupils per fund seven Irish language schools year before it gets formal recognition and International in five out of six northern counties has funding. ”a situation that has left 65% of been condemned by parents involved in Irish schools unrecognised and unfunded, the schools. Tlte Irish language education over 60% of English language schools Law umbrella group. Gaeioiliuint. has also were recognised and funded despite pledged to carry out protest action and is failing to meet the criteria". planning high level meetings to force Meanwhile the news that Part III of the DENI to reverse its decision. Last week European Charter for Regional or By continued attacks on UNIFIL is DENI announced it would not use the Minority Languages w ill he applied to the ‘tliiinihinf; its nose ’ at the community. money allocated by the European Special Irish language before the end of the year Support Programme to promote social has been welcomed by Pobal. the Belfast inclusion, to fund schools in Coalisland. Irish language umbrella group. n 1991 the Celtic League w'rote to Snr. Gortin. Armagh. Castlewellcin. I Spokesperson Janet Muller welcomed Perez de Cuellar. UN Secretary Downpatrick. Derry and Dunloy. North the announcement that means made by General, expressing concern at the Belfast parent Kate Clarke called the NIO Development Minister Paul Murphy continuing toll of deaths sustained by decision "totally unfair”. She said it was saying it was a "tribute the y ears of hard UNIFIL forces in S. Lebanon. At that time •‘wrong that parents should he asked to pay work and dedication of energy and 140 blue berets had been killed, as a result twice for their children's education. After commitment of the Irish language in many instances of unprovoked attacks by all we pay our taxes.” The New l.odge community'’. She added that full both regular Israeli military units and woman added that local parents wanting implementation of Part III would "need Israelis proxy ‘South Lebanon Army". The Irish medium education lor their children additional resources for Irish language number of Irish troops killed al that time would not be deterred and that the local grassroots organisations". numbered 30. With today's death of Private McCracken would be opening as Please write to the British embassy or William Kedian the death toll has reached planned this September. I'he organiser of consulate nearest you and DEMAND 40. Gaeioiliuint. Calltal () Donghaile. said the I'H! I FUNDING. Addresses can be Marrack Goulding. who replied to us for DENI decision would leave Irish medium found through the following website: the Secretary General Office, was al pains education with a C5()0.0()0 shortfall needed Al IRLL-hup.7/w ww.feo.gov.uk/direeto to stress that the “sacrifice of these men to maintain the current rate of growth in rw posts, asp was not forgotten" and that every effort Irish schools in the North Mark Kermode was made to ensure “compensation" was paid. We were a little disturbed by this attitude EXECUTIVE OR NOT? then, and with the passage of lime and continuing deaths that concern has grown. For months now progress on the many and stated formally that a beginning of Let us be clear an attack on the United elements of the Northern Agreement, in decommissioning prior to the setting up of Nations mandated force is nothing less particular the setting up of the executive for the Executive was not a requirement of the than a crime under International Law. It is the Northern Assembly, have been stalled Good I riday Agreement and that it would past time that the standard response, an due to the decision taken by David Irimble be possible to persuade paramilitaries to exchange of diplomatic notes and the usual and his to divert the dispose of their weapons only in the context condemnatory noises, was discontinued process down the cul do sac of calls for '.’of confidence in functioning democratic and that meaningful sanctions were immediate decommissioning. T his seems to institutions?. It was also emphasised that enforced against the perpetrators. have been taken as much to keep his own the decommissioning deadline of May 2000 The situation in South Lebanon is position as leader as it was to avoid spiits in had to be adhered to. fraught with uncertainty and danger, the party - all of which does not auger well At the time of writing the two leaders are particularly given the parlous nature of the for real commitment on the part of the UUP to initiate this new phase of the process by Arab-lsraeli peace process but the to implement the Agreement fully. attending the beginning of talks. A report on International community is sending the After the failure of the Hillsborough decommissioning is to he prepared by Gen. wrong message by allowing these attacks Declaration, endorsed by ibny Blair. British De C'hastelain. Meantime low scale 'ethnic on peace-keepers to go unpunished. Prime Minister and Bertie Ahern, cleansing' of Catholics in majority loyalists in other conflicts perpetrators of war faoiseach, a period of almost following the areas and further pipe bomb attacks (more crimes find themselves indicted before war Unionist agenda by the two leaders (in than 150 to date) by loyalist paramilitaries crimes tribunals. It is past lime this calling lor a beginning of decommissioning opposed to the Agreement continues. message was applied to the Israeli military . before the setting up of an Executive) Drumcree looms large ahead with loyalists At present Israel is ‘thumbing its nose' at seemed to come to an end. Another about to begin their ‘Long March' from the International community. How many deadline for agreement by tile parties was Derry to Drumcree. hardly likely to pass oil' more deaths before we take a stand? set. June 30th (significantly the date on peacefully. In the context of developments which powers are to be devolved to the to date to make any predictions on the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly >. outcome of the present phase of talks would .1 B Moffatt this one to he the last deadline. A he difficult but let us hope that those significant shift in emphasis by the two men genuinely interested in making the Good however was apparent. It was recognised Friday Agreement work are successful. Call to Dismantle Sinn Fein gains in Local Elections ‘Jerry-Built’ Border Electronic -G reen s hold European Seats Installations

I n the local elections in the Republic, held in conjunction with the European “absolutely no checks or Parliament ones, there was little difference for the two major political balances over the electronic parties in their overall performance paraphernalia the Army has between this and 1991. the last time local elections were held. deployed in border areas” For the Labour party, the merger with Democratic Left did not bring any electoral benefit, with the merged party vote only T he Celtic League, while being similar to that of Labour last time welcoming the assurance from out. The surprise, for all the political Irish Foreign Minister David pundits at least, were the gains made by Andrews that he is actively pursuing Sinn Fein and the increase in their overall with the British authorities the de- vote from 2.1% to 3.6%. escalation of security installations More significantly were the gains in throughout the north of Ireland, particular areas, specifically Dublin, which believe steps taken to date are could be of more long term benefit to the Séati Crowe, Sinn Fèin cosmetic rather than substantive. party in their hopes to win more Ddil seats The League had expressed at the next general election. concerns following a visit by the Sinn Fein increased its representation parties but held them. Patricia McKenna, League Secretary' General to the South in Dublin City from one to four. Dessie for Dublin, was elected for the third seat Armagh area earlier this year as a Ellis, who served eight years for possession ahead of Labour's De Rossa and Nuala guest of the South Armagh Farmers of explosives, topped the poll and was Ahern, in Leinster in the final count won and Residents Committee, when it elected on the first count in Finglas. Nick} the fourth of five seats. The surprise in the became apparent that despite claims to Kchoe performed a similar feat in Cabra- Connaught Ulster Euro-constituency was the contrary the installations were Glasnevin, while Larry O'Toole, shot at a the election of Independent (pro-life) being strengthened and military First Communion service last year, was candidate Ms. Dana Rosemary Scanlon at activity was extensive. elected in the Artane Ward. The three join the expense of Fianna Fail. In the North lan We also remain concerned about Christy Burke, re-elected in the North Inner Paisley headed the poll, pipping John the health hazards caused by the very City Ward. Hume by about 2.000 votes. Despite extensive electronic surveillance and In County Dublin. Sinn Fein won two Paisley’s claim that this indicated rejection micro-wave communications seats on South Dublin County Council with of the Northern Agreement. equipment deployed. Some of this is Sean Crowe and Mark Daly elected in was quick to point out that over 70% of the mounted in a manner which is neighbouring Tallaght wards. Sean Crowe vote went to parties who supported the unacceptable and dangerous in a civil (Dublin South West) can be expected to agreement. context. Continuing research into challenge strongly for a Dail seat in the civil micro-wave communications is future, while D. Ellis (Dublin North West) posing concerns and yet there is will also attempt to build support for a Dai! Consulates opened in absolutely no checks or balances seat. over the electronic paraphernalia Sinn Fein trebled its representation on Cardiff and Edinburgh the Army has deployed in border Monaghan County Council taking six scats, :: ' : - " ' :• areas on the north of Ireland. The the same number as Fine Gael. They won 3 he Irish Minister for Foreign British government remain tight lipped seats on Sligo Corporation among them Affairs. Mr. David Andrews, about the types of equipment deployed senior party figure Sean McManus won a opened a nets Consulate in Cardiff in S. Armagh and are also reluctant seat on Sligo County Council. Martin on 28th May ushering in a new era in despite being repeatedly pressed to Ferris, jailed in the past for gun-running, inter-Celtic relations. The Irish publish information on general site was elected on the first count in Tralee. Government decided to set up Consulates pollution problems. Sinn Fein won its first Meath County in Cymru and Alba soon after the The Celtic League urge Minister Council seat with the election of Ms Joe Northern was Andrews to put pressure on the British Reilly in the Navan electoral area. Liam signed. to publish a check-sheet on the McGirl and Michael Colreavv were elected The following day Mr Andrews substance of demilitarisation to date for the party in Leitrim, a gain of one seal. travelled on to Edinburgh where he and also a schedule for the dismantling In the European election results Sinn officiated at the opening at the Consulate of the 'jerry-built’ micro-wave Fein polled over 6% in the Republic and there. Mr. Alan Michael, First Minister installations which festoon British increased their vote in the North from 9.8% for Wales and Mr. Donald Dewier. First military posts in Border areas. in 1994 to 17.3% this time. Minister for Scotland will both have seats The Green Party MEPs in the Republic on the new Council of the isles resulting J.B. Moffatt had their seats targetted by the larger from the Northern Agreement. Kernow . —B xttfi:...... - . m . > < 3 ...... r n o w « 3 • .... : ■ ‘ • ; in Brief

This year saw the fortieth anniversary of “D e g r e A n ‘K e n z a T r u c k the death of Robert Morton Nance, the pioneer of the revival who devised Unified Cornish. The month of May saw a marking of the event with a drevan an Governans tha gomeraz ilia veaze Rower laying ceremony on Nance's grave L abm an mouyha tha leas beska a vee skoothians arranol an desgiblon. reeg and a Deth Lowender organised by Agan pederez vee an daryvas alaire drez gvveskall per gallish an deeze younk Tavas. the language society which holds gythcffiaz tha Kernovv Degre an Kernuack.rag nyz en ednack a reze angye closest to the form of Cornish established Kenza Pryck. Rag fra ew hebma mar veare vaggya pell, lian cost a vaggya neverah a by him. besy? cressia, buz mar bell alhore an dreav angye, It is generally acknowledged that the Hevol dre vidna talvega thene monnah gye a dale pub preze vvheelaz ha pea quarter. Cornish language is much indebted to the rag dereval nyc aman meaze an state Nye a vee pell a peidgy neb consideración work of Nance, even by those who have bohodgack a vee nyc laggia thea mar bell thurt an Governans rag tha gytheffia thene come to hold different views to his about drell dean vetholl perri ko. Ma deaw vveall Unyversite Kernuak. ha lebmen. genz an the most suitable form of Cornish lor the en enwedzhek ra gwaynia thurt hebma: an gweras a veath thene thurt an Degre nowetli. revival. Nance's two dictionaries of 1938 Carians ha an Deskians. nye a veath hebma war an duah. (C ornish-tnglish) and 1952 (linglish- Urt an kenza. Kemow ew powe heere Rag fra ew hebma mar veare tha leas Cornish) continue in wide use and were for ha cui, ew scattrez a venethiou ha trehez an bobcll Kernuak? Oil an beaz ell gothaz years indispensable to the learner. The adres gen ruzza leb o en kenza dallah tegez puna leas a veath tha penagol dreav po Unified system of spelling and grammar gen gwccth ha lug: alena, c vee neverah tereath eze dotha Unyversite e hunnen. Nyz devised by Nance as a standardised form of callish tha dravalia lebn war an inoare. en ednack a veath an deez younk stethya en the language of the mediaeval miracle Thera nye keiz genz an moare. ha thea bar angye. oagoaze louare tha go owne plays was the accepted form used by termen peli an Cumowean a vuz.ia moaze oales, heb hoaze reze vaggya pell adres an revivalists for much of this century and still aleaze tha leeaz powe et ago coocoe. ha powe. buz po angye ago tytyll. gye ell has its users today, and some of those who heh caletter. Athore creis an nawdégvas wheelaz wheal en Kernow metessen, rag believe it vital to base revived Cornish on cansblcthan e vee framyes an furu hoirn, en kene leas edn unyversite ethew tha dedna the traditional spelling of the texts are deaw lene mouyha a joynca Plymouth gen adro tha e hunnen mouy ahozhono, mouy willing to accept Unified as part of the Penzans, ha I.esteevan gen Laffenake, wheal, ha hebma a veath gwayne keveris an history of Cornish. keffres ha dyffrans lenga leiha. en furmya theskadzhers ha an marchants, an * * rooze leadan abeaze hag aleaze an powe. gwickorian. ha menze tra-gvvcclc. An The project to translate the whole Bible Roath pednzhivik a buses reeg distributia gwelha, metessen. ethew drell Unyversite into Cornish by the year 2004. the 100th an vaggyorian pelle bennag. Kernow settya pryek nowetli el an gweale a anniversary of the publication of Jenner's Seweth! Docture Beeching reeg gweele theskians. sengcz obma. ez iggez. a Cornish handbook, continues under the duah tha hedna. Rag spatria monnah. radn quachaz. matter an tavaz. guidance of Keith Syed. The latest book to vroaze an rooze a vee terhez aman. heb Richard Gendall be published is Amos, translated by malbew consyderacion rag tregorian Précis: Objective One Status For Stephen Amos in Australia, and published Kernow, ha udg’hedda an serves geath Cornwall in Unified and Kemmyn versions by Kesva thort droag tha lacka. Gwethe arta. an Communications by land were always an Taves Kernewek. 65 Churchtown, pednzhivigian reeg towlah tha kèaz leeaz difficult in Cornwall due to ils shape, hills Gwinear, Hayl, Kernow, TR27 5JL from an clodgyow leiha, en compellya teeze tha and valleys, except by sea. The excellent whom it is available for £2-50 + 30p post gerras pelha ha pelila. Neverah bohodgack. railway network laid down in llw 19tli (state version). pobell an laze nye a dalvea vaggya drentb century made sea travel redundant: but * * car, mengans pe na vengans. when Dr Beeching axed the system. The mediaeval Welsh text Breuddwyd F.ah, ma furu dah tha nye. ha lottare, . Jiving in many scattered Macsen Wledig. The Dream of Magnus buz nature an annezans cn Kernow ew hamlets rather than in a few large towns, Maximus, has been translated into Cornish drigge teeze a treegaz en leeaz trevo w bean were left high and dry, and had to rely on by José Calvete from Galicia and published ha ny en nebbaz a vo meare, ha ma hebma a their own cars. The centralization o f the by Kernewek dre Lyther (6. Halton Road. keele an case meare tha lacka. Pelha ages health system made things worse. For Sutton Coldfield. B73 6NP. England) from hedna. ma an rodes meare leb vee gwreze university education, students have been whom it is available under the title 'Ilunros alaire a dry hunz ubba mouy ha mouy a obliged to travel abroad, a further burden Macsen Wledig’ at a cost of 60p inc. trade. ha genz hedna, a gwethhe an amplisi!. with diminished grants and the need to find postage. War an duah an state ma a vee markyz, accommodation. The aureole of supportive Macsen Wledig was the Roman ruler ha lebmen nyc a veath ncb sort a weras, car enterprises and the creation of employment whose departure from Britain can be said to dre hevol. suitable for graduates that a university mark the end of Roman rule here and the Urt an Deskians. ascongez aweath en attracts have always been lacking in emergence of Kernow and Cymru as matter ma. skylurrian Kernuack a vee Cornwall. The new stalus should now help independent nations. He is mentioned in neverah reze moaze peli aleaze rag stethya to provide our own University, and improve Bewnans Mcriasek as well as other Welsh en unyversite. ha ugge hedna dres licklaud our communications, meaning a better texts. This new Cornish translation is gye a vee reze wheelaz wheal atter. An deal for us ail round. accompanied by notes. amplish ma a vee gwreze lacka aweath Robat ap Tomos Cornwall may not succeed in getting its special status recognised by Westminster Wider Still and Wider. Turning the and. if they are thinking in terms of instituting a South West Regional Assembly with its capital outside Cornwall tide. A case for Mebyon Dewnans? on the basis of lingering "Devonwall" thinking: “what is good for the South West is good for Cornwall”, perhaps we should There is a saying among linguislics: a isolated by Saxon encroachment to the be thinking now rather in terms of language is a dialect with an army and East. However, for a considerable period of "Corn von" and be trying to sell. East of the navy. What this means in practice is that a time there must have been people who Tamar, the idea rather that “what is good speech-community defines itself from the spoke a Celtic language in parts of Devon lor Cornwall is good for the South West in inside, in opposition to neighbouring before they succumbed, over the general" and be pressing for the recognition groups which are excluded by not being generations, to English-speaking culture. of Cornish as an official language of a part of the same culture and not (Indeed I have some anecdotal evidence, Regional Assembly “at the heart of the participating in the same customs, practices which I must follow up. that a phrase or South West". Cornwall’s struggle has the and rituals: by not sharing the same two of Old Devonian has been handed potential to enlist the grass-roots “collective fantasy", whose institutions and down among the people of Clovclly. in sympathies of Somerset and Devon as was world-view are encoded in the very North Devon). Without going into the the ease in the past. e.g. 1497. providing a language people speak. Well. Cornwall matter in any great depth and there are. I'm locus of inspiration as it serves a broader docs not have its own army and navy but it sure, people who can put the matter into range of interests and aspirations than was does have a growing sense of national better Celtic ancestry, i.e. their distant hitherto thought possible. Since for manv. identity bound up with its Celtic language forbears spoke a Celtic language, or whose constructing a Celtic identity and speaking and she has always regarded people beyond family can claim residence in a particular a Celtic language is very' much a matter of the Tamar as foreigners. I say always, but spot dating back to pre-Saxon times, is conscious choice and at the same time, a there was a lime before the coming of the likely to prove higher in Devon. Somerset political act. there is, on the lines of Saxons when, so we believe, the and Dorset than elsewhere in Saxon Mebyon Kernovv, I believe, at least a differentiation between the languages of Britain. It is known too that there was a reasonable case for a “Mebyon Dewnans”. Cornwall. Welsh and Breton had not yet sizeable enclave of Cornish in Exeter (Trans. Sons of Devon). taken place. Whereas Cornish was at first during the Middle Ages. perhaps a dialect of South-West Celtic, it In spite of recent developments we have Philip Chadwick became a language by virtue of its being still to entertain the possibility that

MILITARY MICRO BOOK REVIEW known as Aspiration) and Mutations. Perhaps the eighth chapter might be HEALTH-CHECK looked on as not the most exciting one, QUESTIONS An Introduction to the Celtic discussing as it does, "verbal nouns, verbs and nouns" but one would lose a lot by Languages by Paul Russell skipping it. (Longman: London & New York) The ninth and last chapter looks as word The Celtic League has stepped up its order in the Celtic languages. The Note campaign to obtain information about Superficially, this book could be References at the end of each chapter can potential health hazards caused by daunting with its phonetics and specialised be most illuminating and contains microwave communications and concepts but these should not put off the references to vast amount of future reading. surveillance equipment used by the British general reader. I he layout and clear prose The book concludes with a reading list that Army over the past two decades in border makes it very rewarding reading, especially would take years to get through. areas of N. Ireland. if the reader is fluent in at least one of the Taking the Celtic languages from Correspondence to both the National six Celtic languages. Ihc lirst section gives prehistory to the present day makes Radiological Protection Board and the the historical background, touching on absorbing reading, especially for one who RPII asked a series of questions about Continental Celtic of Caul (Trance). has mastered or attained fluency in one or monitoring and risk posed. Northern Italy and ihe Iberian peninsula more of the six Celtic languages. In separate correspondence to the MOD - and the distinctive^ of those and P and Q 11 saddens one to consider that not one of Directory of Environment Policy the Celtic. The second chapter discusses the the six Celtic nations conducts all its League also asked what specific of Irish Gaelic. Scottish teaching in its schools, colleges and information was provided lour years ago Gaelic and Manx. Ii seems unfortunate that universities through its own Celtic when the Irish government was reassured the term "" is used when one language as does most of countries of that equipment used by the British Army would have thought that “Old Gaelic" I urope from Norway to . But. posed no risk to health. would have been more appropriate. hopefully the day will come! in January of this year the League cited I lie third chapter is devoted to Irish or Gilleasbuig MacLachlainn new evidence from Norway alleging health Irish Gaelic, while the fourth refers to the implications from military radar and Brittonic languages of Welsh. Cornish and communications equipment. This has The Chief Executive of Cornwall Breton and that following to that of Welsh recently been complemented by parallel Council. John Mills, has left to start a claims over the damage to health posed by only. new job outside Cornwall. It is felt by I he sixth chapter gives an intensely civil mobile telecommunications. some that he had sometimes obstructed interesting account ol the spelling systems The League pointed out that the Ministry developments in favour of the Cornish employed in the Celtic languages. I he next of Defence has an appalling record over language, and so we may hope for some chapter discusses I cnitiou (otherwise general env ironmental safety. improvement in the Councils altitude. smoo dy ‘leih toiggal dy vel ad beaghey ayn. Cha Ihiass da ny Sostnee boirey mychione y henoilaght oc. Ta’n henoilaght shen cho lajer as dy vel ny Frangee. ny < 3 Rooshee, ny Sheenee, ny Gcrmaanee. as m onnm myr shen, cliaghtey gra 'Sostnee’ rish ooilley’n sleih ta cuntmal ayns ny h-ellanyn shoh. Ansherbee. Ihig dooin cur bwooise son caghlaaghyn ennagh. Lliaih mee skeeal dy bee ny cuirraghyn-kiaullee Lunninagh shen. ny proms’, troailt mygeayrt cheu- Jee-Veanaghey Kiart, mooie jeh Lunnin. Ayns Bretin. myr sampleyr, cha hee ad goaill yn arrane shen Land of Hope and Glory' (dynsee misli ‘Land of Snob and Tory' ec yn ollooscoill) Ny Kialg? oic s’jerree ny proms. Syn ynnyd jeh shen. ayns Brelin. bee ad goaill 'Hen Wlad fy NhadauE arrane ashoonagh Vretin. Ga dy vel caarjyn Tony Blair cabbaragh T a'n ardwhaiyl Albinagh as y wliaiyl ashooneyryn as sleili elley. Cha rosv Bretin mychione 'Y Trass Raad'. t' eh jeeaghyn dy Vretnagh to raad nish. T'eli ro leali laccai Alun Michael myr y Chcid vel Obbraghys Noa foast goll er raad y dy glira nee jee-v canaglie) Shirveishagh jeh'n elicer. As ren Itight Thooder. er-lhimmey jeh jee-veanaghey (devolution) kiart ny kialg t'ayn. Dy Vlair marnili tra itagli Itoig ad dy row ayns Nalbin as Bretin. Bentyn rish jee- firrinagh. dia nel ardwhaiyl Nalbin cho sshilleen sleili noi Michael ayns Bretin. veanaghey. ta mish jerkal dy vel Blair er pooaral as Tinvaal. er aglu cosoylagh. As Ciyn ourys. ren Bretnee dy liooar votai vos ley Kishtey Phandora. Ta mish jerkal dy eha nel wliaiyl Vretin elio pooaral as noi 'il Phartee Obbraghys er y fa dy row ad jean sleih ayns Nalbin as Bretin cur tooillev ardwhaiyl Nalbin. Agh she toshiaght t'ayn. correo as noi i.unnin. Agh jean ad geill da’n pholitickaght hene as dy hee jee- Derrey nish. va Bret in goll er rei 11 mvr tannaglityn myr noidyn jeh Obbraghys Noa veanaghey kiart ayn. Eer fegooish shen. coloin as pooar dy liooar ec mi dooinney. as jean ratn jeu goll dys Plaid Cyniru? Ta bee politickeyryn as sleih elley ayns Serudeyr Vretin. Bee cooinaghtyn eu er eaa mie ayn dv jean. Mannin er ehur geill da ny reddyn ta goll er Redwood, y Tlioree va jannoo yn obbvr Mv voes ny Bretnee coonley Quaiyl ayns Nalbin as Brelin. Eer ny Manninee ta shen kuse dy vlecantyn er lienney. Va Vretin dy ve myr 'shapp-taggloo'. oddaglt foast smooinaglilyn dy vel Sostyn yn Redwood boghi goil er y yhellveeish as eh daa red taghyrt. Ibddee. Oddaglt pobble ynrican cheer fo'n ghrian. bee ad eginit Ihiggey er dy row eli goaill aerane Vietili soiaghey beg jeh Quaiyl Vretin as ee eaghlaa nyn aignaghyn er aghtyn ennagh. ashoonagli Vretin. (Dy doogliyssagh. la l'IonteiI ersooyl dy fardailagh ayns Jeeaghyn er un chooish, v’eh mie dy row dciney herehagh Vannin leer ghraihagh er hodjallyn dy h-ennal ylieli. Er nonney, Brelnish as Gaidhlig ry-chlashtyn er y Redwood, ta cheet gvs Mannin menniek dy oddagft ny Bretnee elicei dy ve ny smoo chellveeish tra va’n whaiyl Vretnagh as yn iiooar.) Nish, ta currymvn Serudcyr Vannin conce as eaggey son tooillev pooar son y ardwhaiyl Albinagh currit er bun. l.hisagh ec Quaiyl Vretin. wliaiy I. Tinvaal loayrt dy jeeragh rish ny V'eh leer vie dy ren Plaid Cymru elio Ee y traa t'ayn. ta ny h-Albinee coontey politickeyryn Bretnagh as Albinagh as cur mie as reti ad. lioilshce ad dy row ny l'oddey ny smoo jeh'n ardwhaiyl oe na ta cuirrey daue dy heet lesh shilley er Mannin. towseyn-barel aggairagh. son y ehooid ny Bretnee coontey jeh'n whaiyl ocsyn. Hug reiltys Lunnin jee-veanaghey er bun smoo. My oddys v Plaid goaill looilley Hannah, t'eli jeeaghyn dy vel deiney dy chur Ihiettrymys er ashoonaghys votyn veili Obbraghys Noa. big caglilaa pooaral ayns Obbraghys Noa ayns Lunnin Albinagh as ashoonaghys Bretnagh. leer vooar. Va'n Plaid currit er bun roish y l'oasi coontey Nalbin dy ve ny choloin ta lo Foddee dy hee y chrout shoh speeideilagh. nah chaggey inooar. Risii bleeantyn va'n l.unnin dy bollagli. Ciy n ourys erbee. big Agh my vees Obbraghys Noa ro chroutagh I>laid coontit dy ve lane dy 'ledi va meco as hoirey dy liooar ass shoh. Cha Ihisagh oo as ro honnaasagh, bee y clirout failleil as eoar dy liooar - agli ass nyn geeall. Sleili va eur ardwhaiy l er bun as eisht gra risii yn son shickyrys bee ashoonaghys noi eaggey erbee. va screen draneyn as ardwhaiyl ear v traa 'Cha nod sititi jannoo mooadaghey ayns y daa heer. Foddee nagh dreatnal ayns Brelnish. Ec y traa eheddin. shoh' as 'd ia nod shiu jannoo shen'. Agh hee y Reeriaght IJnnaneysit tuittym veih she ashooneyryn v’ayn. Va'n Partee er Ihiam dy hee Obbraghy s Noa Lunninagh my cheilley. agh she unnanevs elley vees Obbraghys leer lajer ayns Brelin. erskyn jannoo shoh. Bee Pance Ashoonagli Nalbin ayn. As ere mysh Nerin twoaie? Shen ooilley sy jiass. Va ram Bretnee sy Phartee j cani nuoci agii kyiidagli risii shen. As bee cooisli oddagh eaghlaa reddyn ayns ny Obbraghy s eur I'eoli da'n ashoonaghy s. AIbince shirrey looilley pooar son y n ehecraghyn elley. V'ad dy firrinagh credjal ayns eddyr- ardwhaiyl oc ashoonaghys as soshiallys. Cha nyrrys dy Un red t'er jeel magli ass y jee- Brian Stowell row fer jell foawir y Phartee Obbraghys veanaghev shoh. shen ymmodee artyn ayns lurg y nah chaggey mooar ny Vretnagh - pabyryn ironie llostyn mychione Aneurin Bevan. ren obbvr virrilagh tra hug henoilaghi (identity) Sostnagh. Ta'n ehooid Generally, the Blair government has eh yn chirveish-slaynt er bun. Agh. heniyn smoo jeh ny h-artyn shoh gra ere cito followed right-wing policies, with the rish ashoonaghys Sostnagh. er Ihiam pene tushtagh. inceli as surransagh as ta ny exception of devolution in Scotland and dy row ns Bretnec shoh beggan dual. Cha Sostnee hoghtey. hoiril er v fa nagh vel fvs Wales, ft remains to he seen if Blair has jinnagh ad goaill rish dy row l.unnin brail oc c'r.ed ta Sostnaghys! 'Ta henoilaght opened Pandora s Box. ad car y traa. chiari ec ny Bretnee. Alhinee as Yernee. Agh nish fell jeeaghyn dy vel red.dvn agh ren ny Sostnee baili nyn Sostnaghys eaghlaa ayns lìrétin. la Sliemi Obbraghys ayns (ioaldaghy s'. Insh dooin fer ellev. ta foast lajer dy liooar ayns Bretin (myr t'eli ram Celtiee gra. Shinyn ta streeu dy (bast ayns Nalbin as twoaie lloslyn). la ghloasaghey'ii jeelym dy Chelliaghys ta Blair as e chumraagyn sonnaasagh ay ns faagit doniti, ta sitili toiggal dy mie dy vel i.unnin er cliur yn oik er sleili dy liooar Sostnaghys elio lajer as nagh vel y ehooid ayns Bretin. Slienn Obbraghys. piecemeal development of devolution rewarded conformity to the UK model. Independence - The Final Step Like successive Stormont administrations we have allowed our governments to selectively discard social legislation that for the Isle of Man the rest of the UK enjoys. In no other field is this the case. The IOM Government Progress of the modern strong innate within repeatedly copy legislation covering areas government. This requires some such as Social Security Benefits. Public Manx National Movement explanation. Firstly, the Isle of Man has a Order etceteras when legislation is of a form of government, which engenders a (The following is an edited version of the conservative nature. I lence. the Isle of Man large degree of inward looking address given by Bernard Moffalt in Trinit) following on from a period of Conservative self—interest. International interest on the College, Dublin.) rule in the UK can boast tougher Isle of Man would be largely understood as regulations on seeking benefits, but no something to do with overseas bank protections for workers in the areas of accounts. There is no European dimension gender, political, racial or disability INTRODUCTION as is understood in Ireland or the UK. and discrimination, for example. very little international accountability. We Secondly, the emphasis on the individual T he Isle of Man. along with the are truly a nation of shopkeepers, with all 'independent' member in politics has re­ Channel Islands is a modern the narrow worldview that implies. The inforced this conservative tendency. The peculiarity of the British Manx, like the English, appear to have a stress on accountability to the constituent constitutional system. Its status is fairly paranoia of being told what to do by acts against political innovation. Perversely uninteresting and vague to most people Europe. Lhe irony being that the Manx a government already historically and outside the Island. There are occasional Government consistently shadow all institutionally forced to look inward, bursts of publicity surrounding its legislative developments in the UK. repeats the tendency on a micro scale. seemingly outdated laws and punishment and developing the aspects they feel apply, system (the death penalty, the birch, and discarding all those they feel don't. In homosexuality), and a general consensus effect the Island fools itself in believing that it is a good place to stash your money they have autonomy, by not accepting that ECONOMICS (tax haven). Stemming from the legislative we can develop virtually no progressive branch, distinct institutions have formed in policies independent of the UK. We are. in Obviously the economic outlook of the the various other areas of government effect, very subtly and effectively: being Island is governed by the overall political including the judiciary, finance and local Told what to do’. approach oT successive governments. The government as key examples. outstanding feature of the Island is the low Without labouring on the differences taxation that exists at present. The status of between the UK and the Isle of Man. the the Island as a tax haven has undoubtedly key point to grasp is that the power brought large benefits to the Island in invested in a separate legislature has recent years, and only a fool would assert allowed the Island to devolve differing otherwise. After the decline of the emphases on major issues that concern the traditional industries of agriculture, Manx people. In this way we have come to fisheries and tourism, the growth of the live with the best and worst that devolution finance and related industries threw a can offer. Both the advantages and lifeline to the Island. Unemployment is disadvantages are key to nationalists on the negligible, loeal businesses after a period Island in their call for independence. I lie of adjustment are reaping the benefits of a strengths of self-rule, even in the current rejuvenated economic climate, wages are limited form, provide optimism about rising, much of the dereliction of properties increasing the scope of power. The that has occurred in previous decades is weaknesses inherent in the current sy stem being reversed through construction and are a warning to nationalists about any development, and there are numerous other attempt to gain independence, and are a knock on benefits. salutary lesson about the need to widen The Manx Government have sought to electoral appeal and find solutions and new control the development of the finance ways of working politically. sector and increase the opportunities of benefits to the Manx people through work permit legislation which limits the importing of labour and legally obligates DEVOLUTION Bernard Mojfatt. Celtic League GeneraI companies to offer all employment to Secretary, delivering his lecture Manx workers first. The number of work The Isle of Man is possibly one of the Independence - The Final Step for the Isle permits issued per year is strictly most over represented places on earth. For of Man' in Trinity College. Dublin in lute controlled, and can be revoked at any time a population of around 70.000. there are 24 April. The event w as organised hr the Irish at the discretion of the Work permit elected Members of the . In Branch oj the League with the assistance Committee. Consequently, although real terms it probably takes more votes to o f the Celtic . Illiance. TCD discriminatory, it is an immensely popular be elected Student?s Union President of an measure with Manx workers. average sized university than to become a Devolution has encouraged a conservative In essence work permit legislation seeks full time paid elected member of approach to government. It is a system of to protect Manx workers position in the government. Local politics, through loeal government that offers the potential of work place, and should in theory give them elections also affords an even more innov ation hut in practice ullows a lazy, half a platform for bargaining on an individual accessible route to some form of influence hearted approach to administration and an level to a much more effective degree In on the Island. entrenched .leaf of risk taking, l he reality, it tends to ensure there are plenty of A cursory glance at the Island indicates a

Corn Il) unskilled poorly paid jobs which are re-emerged despite the lack of sustained obvious long standing concerns can seem always open to Manx workers, whilst the moves towards independence. It has not so willing to accept the status quo? higher paid and skilled posts are reserved been a galvanising force in politics in this Ironically. I believe, Mec Vann in needs to for work permit holders. This is the sense to any significant degree. develop the internationalist perspective it perception, and the Government's However the resurgence of cultural currently Otherwise it could become locked increased efforts to train Manx workers, is strands of national identity has undoubtedly into a Manx 'backwater’ mentality of testimony to the partial admittance of this coincided with a strong period of expansion isolationism and glorified navel gazing. We by them. in the finance and related industries, with have to look at the role of the Island in a all the aforementioned problems that has global sense, and do so realistically. This brought. It also coincides with census involves some acceptance of how essential figures reporting for the first time that a ?clean? finance sector is to the economy CULTURE Manx born residents are not outnumbered of the Island without loosing our ability to by non-Manx — making Manx people in monitor and criticise its shortcomings. (The Manx culture has seen a rapid decline, their home country' and ethnic minority. idea of /accommodation? with the finance but recently has picked up due to the There is clearly a strong sense that Manx industry' is anathema to most nationalists dedicated work of an extremely small people are being short-changed in terms of and attracted considerable criticism when I group of individuals. The language lost its employment, wages and housing in first mooted it some years ago). It also last native speaker in the 70's, but particular. The emergence of the FSFO involves rubbishing any suggestion of an nationalist groups sought to protect and campaign, which enjoyed strong public anti-British stance. It is quite simply preserve the language before this making sympathy and support and culminated in foolish to suppose that we can ever reach a recordings and generally documenting it the imprisonment of nationalists who burnt state of independence in the future without while it was still 'a living language'. down holiday homes, is an example of the ever being affected to a huge degree by the The long fight to promote the language militancy such developments have political events of our eastern neighbour (or and re-assert It within the Manx community Inevitably produced. The three imprisoned indeed Ireland), especially considering our culminated in its re-introduction in schools, nationalists were not pilloried for their past. We need to Billow the example of the and once again it can claim to be in a actions but indeed were lauded by most for SNP re-foeus on being pro-Manx and healthy state. Side by side was a prolonged having the guts to take some form of reject any suggestion of being anti-English effort to use other cultural forms, largely action, however destructive that may have (British), otherwise we hand a convenient dance and music, to ensure they remained been in the short term. weapon to those who label all nationalists alive as a part of Manx culture. Thankfully, Obviously something significant was racists. efforts by cultural nationalists are not now occurring here, but again support was tacit With a clear, concrete, realistic vision the merely aimed at giving Manx Culture the and unsustained over a long period. nationalism we advocate for the Isle of 'kiss of life* as such, but increasingly are Eventually positive cultural moves Man today will succeed. Which brings me seeking new ways to promote it and expand superseded short-term shock tactics. back to my question - Can independence its relevance to modern life. achieve anything significant for the Manx This is incredibly important, in just 20 people, which the present system does not? years an entire culture has gone from being I believe independence and the quest for more or less dead to thriving and cherished NATIONALISM WITHIN independence will ultimately provide that by its people. Most companies will now use which is lacking in Manx politics and the language, lor instance, as a promotional THIS CONTEXT society today - vision. It will bring tool or as a way of proving their relevance innovation not derivation, and hopefully a or commitment to the community and What then has this meant for nationalists? The development of nationalism on the just and more equitable future for all Manx Manx Interests. It may be piecemeal, it may people. It will vindicate those people, who be cynical, but the use of Manx in this way Island has not followed the course of the other Celtic countries. There has been no had the foresight to start to articulate the is an important indicator of the importance aims and hopes of the Manx people In their that previously was not attached to either history of successive uprisings or resistance, apart from that led by llliam own unique and particular way. Ihelr saving or using the language. names will be unfamiliar to you. but are Attempts are also being made to Dhone. No dramatic and turbulent periods of history, such as those experienced by the well know'n to us - Mona Douglas, Jack institutionalise the one nationalist martyr in living. Lewis Crellin. Doug Earagher, etc. our history ! 11 iam Dhone. wh o led a Irish. Welsh or Scots, have marked a steady short-lived rebellion against the English rise of nationalist fervour. Instead the Manx overlords In the seventeenth cenlurs. have traditionally subsumed 'foreign* Moves are afoot to designate the date of his influences into culture and society and execution as a national holiday, and his acquiesced to a great degree to overseas M..... ec VANN . IN death has for many years been control. Devolution is a reward for a C-SHH3CS commitment to the Union, rather than an commemorated on that date with growing jjjilggg Jg g l support and commitment. attempt to diffuse opposition to it. In this Perversely then, the one great the original idea of 1 lome Rule, as a kind of Latest design, two colours outsourcing of administrative tasks with all achievement of Manx nationalists has been on grey something which they can not use to appeal the major policy decisions and directions taken at Westminster, has come to fruition for independence in any significant way. It Limited edition is universal in appeal, it Is not divisive or in the Island's government. emotional, it does not drive a desire lor Nationalism has rarely even been marked £8.50 including p&p by civ il disobedience or protest for any independent nationhood, in the way Irish SizesM, Lot CxL culture has for right or wrong. In a sense sustained period, in contrast to say Ulster history once again comes into play. Irish or Brittany. Hie exception to tins has been cultural movements and the emphasis on issue - based protests (Call of Mann, Cheques to: demilitarisation. The Chronicles of Mann. re-. were integral at the turn Mark Kemnode of the century to the irresistible drive I'SFO). towards Irish independence. Manx cultural I low then can nationalists reconcile this 22, 3rd Avenue, Onchan, state of affairs, where a populace with a movements, on the other hand, have an high level of national self identity, and Retain Celtic Jewels of the Manx Studies Call Language

New appeal to save Berlin Humbohlt Celtic Department targets Scots and Welsh First Ministers - League has T he Isle of Man Post Office specially produced a Chronology of ISO years work commissioned a range of products, at the University on Celts languages and released on 11 th May 1999. to culture celebrate 100 years of Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh - The Manx Gaelic Society. Four stamps were issued featuring The Celtic League has renewed its call The recent appointment of Dr. George that the faculty at the striking Celtic Jewellery designs that recall Broderick of Ramsey to the Celtic Studies Humboldt University Berlin be retained. the seasons and the ancient elements of chair has bought lime for the League s Earth. Wind. Fire and Water. The jewellery Humboldt was threatened with closure campaign to retain the faculty. was designed and made by Gill Barclay last year and the League launched its initial and Charles Alexander on the Isle of Man. campaign. Although recently a new Professor was appointed this has only For further information regarding Yn Gliaelg bought a temporary reprieve. jewellery and stamps contact: Maxine Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh Cannon. The Philatelic Bureau. PO Box Last year the Irish government's Ambassador to Germany expressed support 10M. Douglas. Isle of Man, British Isles Manx Gaelic Society IM99 1PB. Fax (01624) 68132. E-mail: which was echoed by his German counterpart in Dublin. Celtic nationalist Summer Courses in Manx stamps@po. go v, i m. politicians also supported the light to save Gaelic 1999 the Celtic studies faculty. Now the League has renewed the call Reprint of Book of Common writing to earlier supporters but also The courses arc meant for all those interested in learning the native language of Prayer in Manx Gaelic broadening the list to include Scottish and Welsh First Ministers. Donald Dewar and the Isle of Man. The stress will be on the spoken language, hut formal grammar will The Book of Common Prayer, Alun Michael, and other nationalist politicians in Wales. Scotland. Ireland and be presented in reasonable detail. The translated into Manx Gaelic, is now language of instruction will be English, available as part of the Manx History the Isle of Man. The I .eaguc has produced a chronology vvith Manx Gaelic being used wherever Reprints series. possible. There will be opportunities to The edition is the translation prepared of the Celtic Studies work carried out at out the University stretching back over 150 experience other aspects of Manx culture, in 1760 under the direction of Bishop such as the music and songs. HiIdesley and revised in 1842. which years. The list of projects includes major studies of all the Celtic countries and is There will be two live-day courses, held was published by the Manx Society in in the Manx Museum. Douglas. Isle of 1893 — an edition prepared by A.W. available from the General Secretary. Bernard MolTatt (Addr. pg.24) Man, from 10 a.in. to 4.30 p.m. each day: Moore and Professor John Rhys. Course A: Monday 2 August until Friday 6 The new edition costs £8. including August 1999 post and packing, and is available from Course B: Monday 9 August until Friday Ken Gumbley. 37 Farmhill Park. 13 August 1999 Bradden I M2 2ED. Course B will be slightly more advanced The text is also available on the than Course A. but you can take either internet at: Course A or Course B on their own http://hornepages.enterprise.net/gumbley (Course fee £15). or Course A followed By- /mbcp.htm. Course B (Course fee £20). Fees payable to Brian Stow ell. who will provide information on travel and INDEPENDENCE ISSUES NOT ON THE AGENDA accommodation. Contact: Brian Stowell. 16 Hilary Road. Douglas. Isle of Man IM2 Earlier this year llliam Costain, member initiative. In his reply Bill confirmed that he 3EG. British Isles. of the Mannin Branch, currently employed agreed vvith llliam's view that the Tel: +44-1624-62 38 21. by SNP. tried to arrange a presentation to Committee got cold feet", lie also e-mail: bstovvell « mcb.net. Tynwald on 'Scottish Independence and expressed the opinion that Tynwald is so Constitution Change- This was to have entrenched in the ethos that 'independence' Progress of Manx in been given by Roseanna Cunningham, now is a dirty word which will send the Finance SNP MP for Perth. It was given the go- Sector scuttling from our shores, de­ Schools ahead by the Clerk to Tynvvald. but the stabilising the whole economy. Bill The Manx speakers of the Island will be Tynwald Committee backed out and the considers that independence and encouraged by the appointment of an extra visit did not happen. international issues must he debated and peripatetic teacher of Manx. It justifies all I informed Ml IK Bill Henderson, who is pursued, especially because bodies such as the hard work that was done by the last in favour of pursuing more independence: to die 1 l are discussing proposals to even out generation of speakers. Were they still see if he knew, or could find out if there was the tax advantages throughout IT countries. alive, they would know that their efforts a reasonable explnnation for dropping the C..J.K. were not in vain. Colin Jerry The first official census in Ireland took -.11...... 11.. place in 1821. For estimates and figures before that date I have used "Some gleanings from THE CENSUS RETURNS < $ 1 1 1 « 8 of 1841" by Thomas Willis. Fellow of the c e i c a i Statistical Society. Dublin. 1845, before the famine, and an article in ATHENAEUM J magazine for July 12, 1851. as reproduced in the 1851 edition of ASSURANCE, the journal of the English Institute of Another Look At The Irish Actuaries. I have, of course, used the more generally available sources as well. Though not strictly relevant. 1 have set Famine out population estimates for 1603. 1641 and 1672 to show the effect of the T he Irish famine of 1845 and Mull and the mainland. In 1846 it was Elizabethan. Cromwellian and Williamite subsequent years is usually everywhere in the area. wars and clearances. attributed to the unforeseen failure It will be observed that the average rate of the potato crop in those years combined of increase of population between 1695 and with the bungling of the English ruling 1821 was 16% per decade. The class who were also the Irish ruling class llow did the fungus cross the water and intermediate figures, though derived by conquest and possession. reach so many places almost independently, are remarkably consistent simultaneously? Internal communications with this rate ofincrea.se. in Ireland were bad. There were only 123 Between 1821 and 1831. the population miles of railway. increased by 14%. Between 1831 and 1841 One method of genocide is to deprive the Who would want to get rid of the poor, the population increased by only 5%. victims of the means of subsistence. largely Irish-speaking, native Irish people? Between 184! and 185! the population The North American Indians depended And why? decreased by 20%. on the buffalo for subsistence. The Willis (op.cit.) was very impressed by European settlers reduced the buffalo the census of 1841. However, he could not population from hundreds of millions to a explain the mere 5% increase over 1831 few thousand. II some people die. and others are likely which was obviously inconsistent with the In Australia, the settlers poisoned the to die. large numbers can be persuaded to experience since 1695. Emigration as an aborigines" waterholes. move. Even where people may still be explanation he found "scarcely tenable’". Before Hitler, it was generally assumed unwilling to move, deaths weaken their that did not use genocide morale and solidarity and soften up their The figures below are in round against white people except in remote will to resist eviction. thousands. historical times A similar assumption was made about selling into slavery. Nevertheless. Cromwell made an exception in the case of Irish men. women, and children. Year (A) (B) (C) (a) (b) (c)

1603 700 Not N/A Applicable If a fire breaks out in one place it is 1641 1466 N/A N/A nothing remarkable. If fire breaks out in N/A several places almost simultaneously, it is 1672 1100 N/A likely to be arson. 1695 1034 N/A N/A 1751 2373 N/A N/A 1791 4201 N/A N/A 1805 5395 N/A N/A Up to 1845. the native Irish population 18 12 5937 N/A N/A existed on potatoes and buttermilk, milk 1821 6802 N/A N/A 293 N/A N/A from which the butter has been extracted. 7707 7767 1.00 366 366 LOO The hitherto unknown potato blight 1831 fungus. Phytophthora infeslans. first 1841 8178 8869 1.08 389 457 1.17 appeared in North America in 1844. 1851 6554 10127 1.55 274 571 2.1 1 Curiously, it was next reported in the Isle 1861 5799 11564 1.99 255 713 2.80 of Wight. England, at the beginning of 1871 541 ? 13205 2.44 246 891 3.62 August 1845. Later in August it reached 1881 5175 15078 2.91 245 1113 4.54 Kent. In September it reached Ireland. 1891 4705 17217 3.66 219 1390 6.35 By October. 1845. the fungus was 1159 19660 4.28 199 1736 8.72 reported all over the place in Ireland from 1901 to Cork. In 1846 it was everywhere 1911 4390 22449 5.11 192 2169 11.30 in Ireland. Curiously again, this pattern was (A) Official census figures of population. 1821 and after. Other figures and estimates prior repeated in the Western Highlands and to 1821 Islands of Scotland, the other potato (B) Census figures i f population had increased at the same rate as between 1821 and 1831 dependent area, in 1845. the fungus leapt (07 (B1- (A) over to Lewis. Islay and Skye, missing The official intereensal estimates show a In 1835 the Commissioners of Public denomination numbers were set out at population increase of 1.33% from 1830 to Instruction (Ireland) reported to every census including and following that 1831 and of only 0.55% from 1831 to Parliament. Details of religious for 1861. 1832. The slowing down of growth would thus appear to have started about 1831. The higher the figure (C) the greater the A summary is shown below, in round thousands. relative loss of population Equivalent census figures are set out for poor Irish­ speaking Mayo in columns headed (a), (b) Year (a) (b)

(a) Roman Catholics An independent nation, or a nation (b) Established Church (Anglicans) which is part of a confederation, can build < c) Presbyterians up reserves out of the surplus created by its (d) Other Protestant dissenters people. (e) fatal of (a), (h). (c) and (d) A nation which is under the complete domination of another nation, and whose 11) Percentage of Roman Cathol ics in the population surplus product is regularly appropriated by that other nation, can build up no According to the 1835 Report, there Between 1835 and 1911 reserves. It is on bare subsistence. Once were no members of the Established Catholics decreased by 50% that subsistence is removed, disaster must Church in the South and West of Ireland, Anglicans - - 32% ensue. t here were considerable numbers in the Presbyterians " - 31% In 1835 the Poor Enquiry Commission large towns. Roman Catholics were Other dissenters increased by 491% reported that, under normal circumstances. diffused over all parts of the country with The events between 1831 and 1911. 2.385.000 people were starving in Ireland. the largest numbers as compared with the including the , combined to According to Willis’ gleanings from the rest of the denominations in the create two facts. 1841 Census For the whole of Ireland ecclesiastical provinces nf Dublin. Cashel 1) t he de-Irishization of Ireland, as far 389.149 families lived in 304.264 stone or and fuarn. Presbyterians resided chiefly in as the language was concerned. brick houses 1.083.590 families lived in the other ecclesiastical province of 2) An increase in the relative numerical 1.024.575 mud cottages or cabins nearly Armagh. I lie other Prot.cs tnt dissenters importance of the settlers' half of which were one room without were mainly in the tow ns. descendants, particularly in the Six windows. As can be seen, families often Counties. shared accommodation, bringing their standard of housing down to single room level. According to Willis, only Id I 3rd per cent of the Irish people lived beyond the age of 50. The great majority of the Irish people had no reserves at all to fall back upon.

The population of Ireland should have increased by 190% between 1831 and 1911. Actually it decreased by 43%. more so in the Irish-speaking areas and among the rural native Irish generally The population of England and Wales increased by 160% over this period.

Driven our hy death mid eviction footnote surprise to the people <>/ Hides os is It is not completely accurate to assume The. Welsh n o re not dependent an t he evidenced In the term which they still use that Catholics means native Irish and non- frotate Coincidental!) tlraitglt. in /&/•/. a far them Brad r llyfrcni gleision. ie. the Catholics means settlers and their devastating attack nas made tut the Welsh, Treachery o f the Blue Hooks The Welsh, descendants. However, this assumption is ritetr language and their culture, in shine like the Irish, hod done nothing wrong All close enough for practical purposes. tifflekd government tv/Mris known its the tltev asketl was to he left alone. Even that Before 1835 the numbers of each /Hue Hanks The eansexf ue.trc.esfor the was not permitted to litem. lienee the religious denomination in the population ITetsI] language turned nut ta he serious feeling o f betrayal could only be a matter for speculation. The re/'oris cutne as an unpleasant Ivor kenna

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ALBA: C O M A N N CEILTEACH • BREIZH: KEVRE KELTIEK • CYMRU: UNDEB CELTAIDD • EIRE: CONRADH CEILTEACH • KERNOW: KESUNYANS KELTEK • MANNIN: COMMEEYS CELTIAGH duine elio fileanta sa Bheurla is a tha e sa Ghàidhlig. Nach e comharradh nàisean gum biodh teagasg tre na cànain nàiseanta? Nach eile sin ceart ann an Sasainn a thaobh Beurla «3 <3agus Gearmailteis anns a' Ghearmailt agus a 1Ìb o Pòileis feadh a' Phòlainn agus mar sin mar 1____ ‘ID adhart feadh na Roinn Eorpa? Ach chan eil status de na croileagan is sgoiltean againn gun dragh. Mhinich Aonghas Pàdraig Caimbuel... “on nach eil status laghail aig ar canain. tha sin a" ciallachadh gu bheil gach sgillin taic a tha An tUilebheist ag ithe sin a’ faighinn bhon riaghaltas fo sgiath rùn, no mì-rùn mór nan Gall. Ma tha an sporan làn, ‘s ma tha iad a' faireachdainn ar Cànain bàidheil dhuinn. bheir iad dliuinn sgillinn no dhà: ma tha an sporan a’ fàs gann, ‘s ma tha iad a‘ faireachdain ann an droch shunnd, tliéid gach taic a ghearradh ar ais." S co agad dealbh far a bheil uilebheisl Seo agad far a bheil a’ bhiast ro mhòr ag Seo agad ana- ro mhór. Feumaidh (dlneosor) d'am b'ainni "teagasg tre ithe ar cànain mar san dealbh. Ach tha an sinn Inbhe Thearainte dhan Ghàidhlig Bearla ag ¡thè dineosoir beagan beag làn-mhara air tilleadh. Ach cha bhiodh fhaighinn. Ged nach eil ar Pàrlamaid itr biodach cile ris an canar “ar cànain". aiseirigh na Gàidhlig an aghaidh cànain Albannach neo-eisimealach fhathast tha Ach dé tha sin a' ciallachadh? eile... bhiodh duine ag ionnsachadh Beurla cumhachd gu leoir aice Achd den l-seórsa Dìreach mar gum bheil teagasg tre Beurla gus an robh e cho fileanta ‘s tha e ‘sa sco a dlièanamh. Glcidh ar cànain a’ mharbhadh na Gàidhlig. Ghàidhlig agus bhitear ag ionnsachadh suaicheantas na h-Alba a dh'aindeoin mi- Gus a' bhliadhna 1872. nuair a thàinig rim no bochdain an iighdarras ionadail! Air Achd an Fhoghlaim a-tnach, bha teagasg sco caillidh sinn an t-adhartas a bhuannaich tre na Gàidhlig na rud nàdurrach feadh na sinn ré na fichcad bliana seo chaidh. sgoiltean Gàidhlig an siud "s an seo feadh Tha móran de dh'ùghdarrasan ionadail Alba. 'S ann a tha a' eheud sgeul sa leabhar ciontach dc “dhith uidh. bacadh. cuilbheirt •Rosg Gàidhlig' ag aithris mar a bha e agus naimhdeas follaiseach do na roimh Achd an Fhoghlaim seo. cròileaganan is sgoiltean againn. Le sin. A nisd. faci còrr is sia llchead hliadhna an feumaidh sinn Achd faidhinn on deidh sin. tha fcadhairm cinntcach fhathast Phàrlamaid Aibannach a thoirt inbhe gum bheil e na rud as nàdurraiche a bhith thearainte dhan Ghàidhlig. theagasg tre Beurla. Bu mhór am beud! Mar eisimpleir. ehunnaic mi video d'am Gilleasbuig MacMhuirich (Gilleasbuig b'ainm Around Arci nani udì citi nuair a Lachlainn ‘llleasbuig) ehunnaic situi clas Gàidhlig ann an Sgoil Ath Tharraeaill (Acharacle) sa bhliadhna 1990. Summary Bha leabhar Gàidhlig air beulaibh gacli The picture shows in pretty graphic terms leanabh, Bhiodh am maighstir-sgoile a that where the language of teaching is leughadh beagan sa Ghàidhlig agus an English, our language is at risk! Til! the deidh sin bhiodh e a' ceasnachadh sa 1872 Education Act it was natural to teach Bheurla a-mhàin mar gun robh i na canaio through Gaelic in such schools hut choimheach. Bha a’ bhean-teagaisg anns an chainainean eile is cuspairean eile direach thereafter English became the sole ath sheòmair a' teagasg tre na Beurla itile mar a tha e an diugh tre Beuria. language of teaching and many are still so gu lèir! Ann an rum eile bha boireannach a' Chan eile sin nebnach ¡dir... eisd ri na brainwashed that they consider the only teagasg an orain “Gleunu Gollaidh". A risd. lacail aig an t-Ollamh Somliairle Mac lain - medium o f teaching is through English But bha an t-ionnsachadh tre na Beurla. Dr Sameul Johnson - a rinn Faclair mor the tide is turning. Only one thing needs Sheinneadh an fheadhainn òg rann sa Beurla san ochdamh linn deug... There is rectifying .. the way in which the local Ghàidhlig agus dh'fhaighnich a' bhean- no tracing ancient nations but by language, authorities are providers. Some may be teagaisg... 11'hai does lltai meati? (De tha and therefore, I'm always sorry when anything from indifferent to hostile to such sin a’ ciallachadh?) language is lost, because languages are the instruction through the language and when An sin. aon an deidh aon. dh’eadar- pedigree of nations. Mar a theireamaid funds are short, unless we have their theangaicheadh a' chlann uile gu leir sa “Chan eil lorg do chinnidhean arsaidh ach goodwill, support will be cut back The Bheurla na bha iad air a sheinn! tre na canainean aca agus. air an adhbhar solution would be for the new Scottish A-muigh air an raon-cluichc. nuair nach sin. tha mi daonnan brbnach nuair a ilia Parliament to pass an Act to provide robh a chlann a-staigh ag ionnsachadh. cimain air chail. o ir’s ann a tha canainean secure status for Gaelic. bha cànain na cluiche aca ach tre Bheurla nan sinnsireachdan chinnidhean." a-mhàin. Cha robh ùidh aca ann an Ach chan eil reusan sam bith ann carson Gàidhlig bhon a bha iad ag ionnsachadh tre a bhiodh ar canain air chall ann an aite sam cànain choimheach. bith feadh Alba nuair a bhios croileagan. Cintala sinn le sin gun robh ar cànain a' sgoiltean angus cluich ire na Gaidhlig anns dol leis an t-sruth feadh Ath Tharraeaill. gach aite. A bharr air seo bithidh gach provide instruction in the Gaelic language as a modern European language, through the medium of English, at all secondary schools in Scotland, upon a showing of The M issing Link reasonable demand. Once again, ‘reasonable demand" for these purposes should be defined as ‘demand made on behalf of five or more pupils'. ( CnaG 1997b: 28) O ne of the most obvious gaps in the both counterproductive and difficult to This could be achieved relatively easily in many areas if there was increased co­ present infrastructure for Gaelic achieve. It would, for example, be totally learning is the lack of teaching of impractical at the moment to demand a operation between local authorities, enabling the sharing of teachers. This Gaelic in the secondary school. While Gaelic teacher for each school in Scotland. would be an obvious solution for Greater Gaelic medium education has gone from For these reasons, reasonable, workable Glasgow where there are seven different strength to strength since its beginning in and achievable solutions must be put local authorities and where Gaelic is only 1985. there has been no comparable growth forward. currently taught in three. Availability of in the teaching of Gaelic as a subject within The first step would be to extend access increased government funding for Gaelic English medium education. At present to Gaelic as a subject in the cities by education at secondary' level would help Gaelic (Learners") Standard and Higher having a Gaelic teacher based in one local authorities meet this demand. Grade exam courses may only be chosen in a secondary school in each of the main cities, Employing sufficient Gaelic teachers to limited number of schools, most of which are two in Glasgow, and by making their enable all pupils to study Gaelic as an concentrated in the Highlands and Islands. services available to any pupil in that city. optional Standard Grade/Higher Grade Twenty one out of Scotland's thirty two local This could be achieved through children subject will be a long and difficult task. authorities make no provision whatsoever for travelling to the school where Gaelic is There is no question, however, that this the teaching of Gaelic in the high school. taught. At present very little is done by task is crucial to the or that While numbers in Gaelic medium primary- local authorities to make the study of access to Gaelic learners" classes for all (as education are nearing the 2000 mark, the Gaelic available in this way, or where it is an optional subject) should be a key numbers sitting Standard Grade Gaelic done, to publicise the fact. It is crucial that demand of the Gaelic movement. (Learners’) in 1998 were 391 with only 141 the availability of Gaelic as a subject sitting Higher Grade Gaelic (Learners’). should be adequately publicised and that all There are many arguments for the expansion of the teaching of Gaelic as an Local Authorities where Gaelic is Local Authorities where Gaelic is optional high school subject. Gaelic available as a secondary subject not available as a secondary subject medium education is not available in all areas and not all parents choose such an No. of option for theit children even where it is Schools available. Research into Gaelic learners has Aberdeen City 1 Aberdeenshire North Lanarkshire consistently shown that the age profile of and Bute 4 Angus Renfrewshire learners is biased towards the middle aged Clackmannanshire 1 Borders South Ayrshire and elderly with few in the important 16-25 age group. Increased opportunities to study Comhairle nan Eilean Siar 13 Dumfries and Gaelic as a second language at school East Dunbartonshire 1 Falkirk would enable an increase in the numbers of Edinburgh 1 East Ayrshire East younger Gaelic learners. It would also Glasgow City 1 East Renfrewshire Midlothian create a direct link between the school and Highland 14 Fife West Lothian Gaelic medium tertiary and higher Perth and Kinross 2 Inverclyde education and could be expected to lead to increased numbers of students in the South Lanarkshire 1 Moray university Celtic departments and at the Stirling 1 North Ayrshire Gaelic medium college Sabhal Mdr Ostaig. The most important argument of all for an •4s shown above the overall picture of schools teaching Gaelic is very uneven. expansion of high school provision is the fact that thousands of young Scots with an school students should be aware of this interest in Gaelic have been denied a option. This would give the majority of GAELIC UNIT FOR ER1SKAY chance to learn their own language. Scotland's pupils access to Gaelic teaching There are many constraints to the should they wish to do so at a minimum of The Western Isles, local authority expansion of high school Gaelic teaching. cost. With time provision could be Comhairle nan Eilean Siar have taken a The most significant of these is the expanded in line with supply of trained brave step by deciding to set up a Gaelic shortage of trained Gaelic teachers. It must teachers and demand for the subject and medium unit on Briskay against advice also be remembered that Gaelic medium could perhaps include the employment of from the council’s officers. The education subject teaching, Gaelic medium primary peripatetic teachers. Comunn na Gaidhlig’s department argued that there was no education and other fields of Gaelic target for secondary education as set out in money for such a unit and that there were development are in a real sense competing the Secure Status for Gaelic document insufficient pupils. Councillors look a for a limited number of young, educated provides a longer term goal for Gaelic different view, voting for the unit on the Gaelic speakers. To make too many medium education: grounds that Gaelic would die on the demands for the teaching of Gaelic as a ‘Statutory provision should be put in island otherwise. second language in high schools would be place requiring all local authorities to Alasdair MacCaluim A Parent’s Perspective On The Gaelic Struggle

W hile it may be noticeable that Alba is constantly fighting for Gaelic to be spoken in all aspects of daily life such as within the Scottish Parliament. 1 can honestly say that Brothers Andrew and Conall at home we have fought the hardest for Gaelic in the last few months. My son Andrew did not have the opportunity to go to Gaelic Medium Education because we discovered the highest calibre and we will be eternally secondary from Gaelic Medium Education? this too late. However, our son Conall was grateful. Some Celtic League activists have Isobel Vass stated it is a matter of concern admitted through the Gaelic nursery. The been exceptional in their campaigning. We that only 2 o f the 5 pupils moving from the whole concept of Gaelic Medium contacted the media who realised that this Gaelic Unit to secondary school in August Education was very new to us and while did have the potential to open Gaelic up to 1999 have chosen to continue with their being firm supporters of Gaelic we did not the wider public. We were informed by Gaelic studies. This reflects a narional really know what type of education to many that Andrew may not obtain a place pattern currently the subject of inter expect. When Conall first attended Gaelic at James Gillespie’s High School but we authority discussion. Isobel Vass also made Medium Education, many people may be laying the foundation stones to it clear that to some parents James questioned our motives and we felt we children of High School age having the Gillespie’s High School was crucial, so the needed to justify ourselves and really be opportunity to study Gaelic. By far we question of re-locating Gaelic at secondary' sure ourselves why we wanted Gaelic wanted Gaelic for Andrew but if he could school level raises some controversy. It is Medium Education. It takes a great deal of not have it and we opened the door for clear that some people choose the option of scrutiny. Our vision from then on was to other children then at least this would be an Gaelic at Gaelic Medium Education level fight to have both boys learn Gaelic. We achievement. We had a friend contact us to have clear access to James Gillespie's are both learners but do not posses enough stating Gaelic in High School for my child High School and not as we would hope, for Gaelic to teach our children. would be something breath-taking, we are the growth of Gaelic. Our plan was to send Andrew to James unable to commit to Gaelic Medium Gaelic is a good language and Gaelic Gillespie's High School this being the only Education, but this would be ideal. They should be obtainable to everyone. Many High School to teach learners Gaelic. also live outisde James Gillespie’s High parents would simply not place their James Gillespie’s High School is to say the School catchment area and would be faced children into Gaelic Medium Education. least an over-populated school in the centre with the same problem we encountered Not because they oppose Gaelic Medium of Edinburgh. Some also consider the unless we campaign to have Gaelic in Education, but because they do not speak school to be of a high academic standard, secondary schools. Gaelic themselves. For instance, one major which is possibly why it is so popular. It suddenly dawned on us, why does no question that worries most parents is; how Andrew attended the feeder primary school one fight for Gaelic at high school level do 1 manage to help them with their with the hope that he could enter James and surely we are not the first to realise this homework? I have observed both Gaelic Gillespie's High School. When Edinburgh problem existed? The next part of our fight Medium Education and mainstream Council wrote to us informing us that became incredibly complex. My findings education for my children and I know that Andrew had not been accepted into James are not all positive but there is the potential homework is precious. I am also studying a Gillcpic's High School it was as though our to challenge any off-putting aspects. BSc (Hons) and am customary to whole vision was shattered. The reason he We received a letter from Isobcl Vass homework myself. This trepidation of mine could not attend James Gillespie’s was (Neighbourhood Liaison Officer and has grown so much in the past year. Surely, because he does not live in the catchment Support Services Manager) from then there should be support groups to help area and those who do live within that area Edinburgh District Council who pointed parents who do not have much Gaelic? have priority. Gaelic was not pan of the out that Gaelic is only available to children Tn Edinburgh the only organisation that Council's criteria to gain access, Edinburgh at Gillespie’s High School from SI if claims to be a support group is Comann Council said that everyone would use children have undergone Gaelic Medium Nam Parant (Dun-Eideann agus Lodainn) Gaelic as a means of accessing a popular Education. Gaelic for learners is available but their main concern at the moment is a school. The question we had was why do in S3/S4. however a demand for Gaelic is dedicated school, no matter what the cost. 1 they not re-locate Gaelic? Or. use essential in the first instance and the child witnessed at one of their meetings peripatetic teaching. We vowed to fight on. would need to already attend the school or concerning the proposed dedicated school, We sent letters to all the Gaelic activists travel from another school. parents who do not have Gaelic, revealing we could and all of those we contacted and I was also curious just how many their realistic worries. However, they were asked for support were without a doubt of children actually pursue Gaelic in dismissed and ignored rather than A Parent's Perspective (contd) encouraged. This was intolerably distressing and opened my eyes significantly. This is all to the proposed dedicated school’s loss, as I now understand, approximately ten children are leaving Gaelic medium education from the pre-school Gaelic playgroup. Gaelic nursery and primary school. This is due to parental anxieties, which have allegedly stemmed from elements within Comann Nam Parent (Dun-Eideann agus Lodainn) and their lack of understanding of the needs of Gaelic learners. It is always better to promote positive attitudes where Gaelic is concerned and it is always disheartening to identify these negative facets but if we can all learn from it: it is equally as crucial! The fight now is our petition to have Gaelic at secondary school level with the expectation that parent’s who desire their An Embarrassing Chapter? Ireland. The revelations about one such children to be taught Gaelic, while dumping operation code-named maintaining their mainstream education A re the British embarrassed by a Sandcastle caused outrage in Ireland and will have the opportunity' to do so. Some period in their history' when they in communities around Britain when its parents miss the opportunity to send their sought to dominate the extent was revealed five years ago. Indeed children to Gaelic medium education; it is technology of mass destruction by it was only the persistent campaign to not widely publicised. However, no matter chemical and biological means. Recent reveal the truth by pressure groups which what reason, these children should not be revelations about the British development wrought this admission from the British excluded from the opportunity to learn and trials of Chemical weapons during government. The latest ‘sliver’ of Gaelic. We will also campaign for Gaelic and after WW 2 arc the latest in a information once again links the Celtic not to be just for sections of society but for dripping tap of revelations which still see countries to this deadly test and disposal everyone to use and enjoy and not as mere the episode shrouded in mystery. programme. tokenism (a full living language). We need We now know that Porton Down carried It is somewhat ironic that over half a Gaelic playgroups, Gaelic units, Gaelic in out its tests with deadly contaminants, century after WW 2 we only know the mainstream schools. Gaelic in secondary such as anthrax, at bases in both Western whereabouts of Nazi chemical weapons. schools and wherever required, dedicated Scotland (Gruinard) and S. Wales The location of the nasties produced by schools which should also include people (Penclawdd). However, the British Britain, their test sites and disposal remain who have disabilities. chemical weapons manufacture, and more top secret. Is it not past time the British Perhaps, some day Edinburgh’s Gaelic importantly its operational testing and closed the chapter on this infamous Medium Education Unit will be able to ultimate disposal sequence, is a blank period? Are they embarrassed perhaps by support and fully empathise with parents page in the history books. a period in world history when they, like who speak very little Gaelic. Gaelic will We know that many thousands of tonnes some middle cast dictators of today, never fully flourish until every need of of captured German weapons were stored sought to dominate the technology of Gaelic is recognised and we all fight for a in Western Britain and eventually mass destruction by chemical and common goal, without hidden agenda, disposed in sea dump sites around the biological means? personal differences and above all else, Irish sea and off Western Scotland and Bernard Moffatt personal gain. Whether that need is one hour of Gaelic : ■ ■ . ' : per week for one child or full Gaelic '‘FINANCIAL TERRORISTS’* the injunction, granted by a Dutch court, designed to frustrate their medium education for another it is essential STRIKE AT GREE?* that all these needs be met. After all, it is effectiveness. BNFL, not noted for their the survival of Gaelic that is at stake. It is PR finesse, have overstepped the mark ' The British and French „ ...... uve this time. They are saying in effect to precious. Gaelic is not something that been labelled financial terrorists b belongs to any one person but to us all, ’ tlie the whole of mankind ‘damn you if you Celtic...... Leaguer~~o------for------l'reezii------ls of stand tn the wav of the nuclear whether native speaker or learner, Greenpeace in July this year. The induslry>. A„ governments and NGOs regardless of religion or culture. Our Secretary General of the League said in a throughout the world should mobilise to children are Gaelic's future, let us get it media release- m m this threat " right! “Let there be no ilhtst Send now for a petition C/O Alba Branch address. British and French Louise NicLeoid attack the protection movement, impeding committed to many environmental and programmes globally". ecological programmes world-wide and .1 B Moffatt —IL “goude” dezho kaout bugale. Araok e veze ■=._ .v. : : komzet reoliek gant 60% anezho met ne oa ; • ••• ...... nemet 39% a zegouezhas dezho priedifi I . ■ . . gant iwerzhonegerien “reoliek” evelto. I 1 7 « 3 J : P» : Miimw h í«i Hogozik 50% o doa kejet an eil ouzh egile __ en un endro gouezelek. Tamm-ha-tamm e : . : • >-j, i :.x : : ...... »... ____ I oant deuet da reifl muioc’h a bouez d’ar yezh en o darempredoù. met 53% a rac c’hoazh implij aliesoc’h pe hepken eus ar saozneg. Goude ma oa bet ganet ar Tiegezhioú Iwerzhonegerien: c’hentafl bugel ez eas war greskifl niver a rae a rae peurliesafi pe hepken gant an iwerzhoneg, hag int o klask reifl ar skouer un enkiask vat.

Eus ar steuHvifl d’an erounit omhluadar - distaget evel pouezusañ ha daoust da se e vo gwall C 25% eus ar c’houbladoù o doa divizet a- vorodus moarvat kement a dregantadoù. ‘coloudar’ - zo ur gevredigezh raok dimezifl sevel bugale en iwerzhoneg. savet e 1993 evit bodañ ha harpafl Goude ma ‘z eo disheñvel-mat saviad an 38% o doa goulennet kuzul da gentafl. an tiegezhioú zo o tesevel o bugale en tiegezhioú brezhonegerien diouzh hini an Tra ma felle da 42% e vije iwerzhoneg iwerzhonegerien e vo talvoudus emichañs iwerzhoneg. Er bloavezhioú *60 e oa bet hepken en o zi ne oa nemet 28% o doa savet un aozadur heñvel e bal e Dulenn. d’ar re-se gouzout penaos e klask ar re-mañ sevenet ar mennad-se. Dre vras e oa Goude ugent vloaz bennak e oa dizeriet dre diskoulmañ o c ’hudennoú. E dalc’h gant muioc’h a saozneg en implij eget na oant ziouer a dud prest da ober war e dro.- hor c’henvroiz yaouank cmañ dazont hor en gortoz, met an 20% a felle dezho e vije Koulskoude e oa tiegezhioú hag o doa yezh. Mat e vefe età ma rafe Arsellva ar muioc’h a iwerzhoneg eget a saozneg a oa czhomm da vczafi kennerzheí dre un Brezhoneg un enkiask heñvel e-touez an deuet a-benn. A-hend-all c oa kement ha emglev en o strivoú da ober tiegezhioú brezhonek? M. Nic Ghiolla kement eus an div yezh e 30% eus an iwerzhonegerien eus o bugale e-kreiz “mor Phádraig zo bet harpet gant aozadurioù all, degouezhioù ha muioc’h a saozneg eget a ar saozneg”. K.alz a sante ne oant ket barrek da sk. Ensavadur Yezhoniezh iwerzhon evit iwerzhoneg e 22%. nemet e c’hallfent tennafl gounid eus divizout ar goulennoú da ober, ha gant skiant-prenafl ar re o doa sevenet un Comhluadar evel-just. Abaoe daou vloaz e Ar vugaie hag o implij eus an hevelep mermad. vez roet skoaziadoú d’an aozadur gant ar iwerzhoneg E 1997 e stagas Máire Nic Ghiolla gouarnamant, pezh en deus roet tu da War-dro an hanter eus ar vugale a oa an Phádraig, cus ar Greizenn Imbourc’h c’hoprañ un den evit tuta izili. Krouiñ iwerzhoneg o yezh kentafl. Met da vare an Skiantoii Kevredigezhel e Skolaj Skol-Veur skourroú nevez, o lakaat d’en em cnklask ne oa nemet un drederenn anezho Dulenn gant un enkiask e-touez izili zaremprediñ. reiñ harp dezho da aozañ hag a oa aesoc’h dezho komz ar yezn-se kejadennoú, evel festou da Ouel an Comhluadar e sell da c ’houzoul penaos e eget ar saozneg, an darn vrasaiì o vezail raent evit seveniñ o mennad ha diskoulmañ Hollsent ha da Ncdeleg pe troiadoú da barrek ken mat ha ken mat war an div yezh. o c'hudennoú. Daou vloaz *zo ne oa vvelout mereurioú, kreizennoú arz h.a. Dre vras e respontont d’o zud an hevelep c’hoazh nemet daou skourr, unan e Dulenn, yezh ma vez komzet outo. A-hend-all e egile e Corcaigh. div gér ma ‘z eo niverus Endro-yezh ar gerent a-raok en cm komz 44% anezho iwerzhoneg gant bugale a-walc’h an tiegezhioú iwerzhonegerien anavezout all an ti, 47% gant o c’henskolidi er evit ma ve aes a-walc’h o lakaat da gejafi. 60% eus ar mammoú hag hogas kement- Gaelscoileanna, 28% gant o c’hendirvi. da gemer perzh a-gevret e troiadoü , all eus an tadoù a oa barrek war an N’eus nemet 6.5% a c’hall en ober gant abadennoú, dihuedoú h.a. Ne oa neuze iwerzhoneg kent dezho kejañ, tra ma oa bugale amezeien. nemet 176 tiegezh en aozadur. D’ar re-se e 30% all barrek evit ar pep brasañ eus E peseurt degouezhioù. ma vez ar vugale voe kasel un toullad mal a c’houlennoii. divizoú ar vuhez peindeziek. En holl a-gevret gant o zud, e reont gant ar 114 anezho a respontas, darn o reiñ diegezhioù e oa unan da vihanañ gouest da iwerzhoneg kenetrezo? C’hoarvezout a ra disklériadurioú all ivez. Niver keitat ar gomz mat ar yezh goude ma oa nebeutoc’h dreist-holl o lavarout pedennoù, pa vezont vugale dre diegezh oa 2,83, o oad keitat eget 1/3 anezho hag a oa bet desavet en un gant o fredou. o c’hoari. o vont da hourmen 11.67 met e div drederenn eus an endro iwerzhonek pe divyezhek. pe d’ober troiadoù. Heverk eo e vez div tiegezhioù-se e oa an holl vugale dindan 13 An darn vrasañ o doa pleustret skolioú wech aliesoc’h pa vez ar gerent o c’hoari vloaz. ma vezent ketennet e saozneg; ne oa ganto eget o tisplegafi kontadennoù dezho. Ret eo merkañ mat da gentait ez eus anv c ’hoazh neuze nemet un nebeut skolioú Evit a sell ouzh komz iwerzhoneg ouzh hepken eus an izili a oa e 1997 e holl iwerzhonek. War-dro an hanter a oa aet ar vugale pa vez tud all na ouzont ket ar Comhluadar. Abaoe ez eus emezelet d’ar skolioú-hañv er Gouezelva, ha yezh-se er gompagnunezh, graet e vez gant ouzhpenn 100 tiegezh all ha savet daou kement-all a oa bet izili eus kevredigezhioú 44% eus ar mammoù ha gant 51% eus an skourr all. Kalz tiegezhioú a chom e’hoazh iwerzhonek. 50% eus an tadoù ha 60% eus tadoù. daoust ma ne zeu ket ken aes ar yezh hep emezelañ. An dregantadoù a vo ar mammoú o doa studiet ar yezh e skolioú gant ar re-mafi dre vras. meneget a c’hallfe eta bezañ disheflvel ma trede derez. Unan eus ar c’hudennoù diaesafl eo vije bet gallct astenn an enkiask d’ar vro a- Dre levezon o zud-int, ar skol, ar kavout tud da ober war-dro ar vugale ha bezh. Koulskoude e kan d’an enklaskerez e Gouezelva, ha goude e 15% eus an gouest da gomz ganto en iwerzhoneg pa *z oa talvoudus reiñ da anaout d’an degouezhioú dre hini o friedoú (pe a ar varam koulz hag an tad o-daou eus ar iwerzhonegerien disoc’hoú he labour pa ‘z kevelidi) e oant deuet da gemer perzh en gér da c’hounit o boued. Se a c’hoarvez eo ar wczh kentañ d’ur seurt imbourc’h emsav iwerzhonek. kalz muioc’h hiziv an deiz: 52% eus ar bezañ bet kaset da benn. Emañ-h¡ e soñj Goulennet e voe ouzh pep hini, tad ha mammoù zo gopret leizh an arnzer. Padal, ober c ’hoazh un dezrann pizh eus ar mamm, diouzh e du hag eñ e oa bet kemm diaes-tre eo kavout evezherien da ziwall respontoú. Amañ ne vo roet nemet ar sifroú en o implij eus ar yezh etre “a-raok” ha bugale ha diaesoc’h c’hoazh kavout anezho hag a oar a-walc'h a iwerzhoneg. Gwarderezhioii zo met div dredercnn anezho n'eus enno nemet saozneg. Evit an drederenn all, skolioii-mamm iwerzhonek pc divyezhek int. Harp a vez roet ivez gant tud-nes, gouest mui pe vui da gomz iwerzhoneg, e 43% eus an degouezhiou. Met n'eus ket gwelloc'h eget ar gerent evit diogelifl ur e'hendalc'h en implij ar yezh. Setu perak ivez e tibab 20% eus ar mammoii ha 4% eus an tadou choin hep moat eus ar ger da labourat. En ur pennad all e vo gwelet petra a vez graet evit barrekaat ar vugale war an iwerzhoneg, peseurt roll eo liini ar skolioii er gefridi-se, pegen talvoudus eo Comhluadar, peseurt faktoriou zo emsavus pc skoilhus da sevenidigezh ar mennad, ha peseurt kenteliou a c’haller tennafl eus disoc’hoii an enklask. A. Heusaff Geriou anavezet nebeut. skoaziad: subvention; kevcliad.-idi: partner,-s; erounit: to execute, to carry out: gwarderezh: nursery, creche. Members o f Office Team ofUPRACB (Union o f Breton associations in Rennes Area) Courtesy o/Breinaft Summary Comhluadar is an association set up in 1993 with the aim o f bringing together and helping families which are raising their Rennes Municipality promotes children wholly or partly in Irish. A detailed survey of ils operation was undertaken in 1997 by Maire Nic Ghiolla Breton Identity Phadraig, UCD. Whereas today its membership comprises about 300 families T he City Council of Rennes has a The Council also took a very positive in Dublin, Cork. Galway, the research socialist majority headed by the view of the Breton language as being an involved only 114 o f the 176 families -which mayor Edmond Herve. In 1996 it integral part of the Breton culture in spite had joined by then. They answered a set up a consultative Committee with of the fact that the city was outside the comprehensive set of questions designed to responsibility for cultural matters. In an traditional Breton speaking area Rennes, find out how much use was being made of interview given for a special issue of the however, has attracted an increasing Irish by parents and children and which weekly Bretagne Info, its secretary number of workers from . way they dealt with the difficulties they showed with various examples how the It boasts a successful Diwan school; the encountered. A first analysis of the results council had, already since 1977, taken an Celtic Dept, of Rennes University has for has just been published in Irish. Even active part in promoting the development the last 30 years played a leading role in though many other Irish-speaking families of a creative Breton culture. This he said Celtic Studies, as well as securing - are not (yet) members o f Comhluadar. this was a fitting role for Rennes as the capital thanks to the energy of Professor Per investigation will be o f great help to all of Brittany. Its help had contributed to the Denez - the establishment of a series of who are endeavouring to transmit the Irish success of the annual Tombees de la Nuit academic degrees in Breton. Moreover, language to their children in the vastly festival which had brought to the fore many active members of the Breton predominant English-speaking environme/U. such excellent singers as Denez Prigent language movement living in Rennes are As an example of its findings, let us and Gilles Servat. It was in Rennes that co-ordinating their efforts in the UPRAB mention that while Irish was the sole or Dan ar Braz and Donal Lunny had first organisation which runs classes for main language used by 40% of the parents produced the Heritage des Cedes concert. adults. Thanks to its intervention, the in their mutual relations prior to the birth In collaboration with Jean Vyes Veillard, Council had begun to introduce bilingual of their first child and by 43% "now " (p.6), curator of the outstanding Musee de signposts and the use of Breton on its it was similarly used in their relations with Bretagne, exhibitions were organised official documents; it is also trying to get their children by 60% of the mothers and illustrating different aspects of the history the State Educational Authorities to re­ 68% of the fathers taken individually and of Rennes, in particular its frequent social introduce the study of Breton in the it was used more than English in half the conflicts. Another exhibition due to take Public Secondary Schools, where it families (p. 10). place before the end of next year will suffered a sharp decline during the past 7 commemorate the artists who in the or 8 years due to their ill-will and lack of thirties gathered in the name of the Seiz co-operation. CELTIC LEAGUE INTERNET SITE Breur, animated by the ambition to In any case, here as in several sectors of httpj'/www.manxman.coMclQaguQ/ develop a specific Breton art in the Breton economy, it is openly admitted e-mail General Secretary: architecture, painting and music: they had that a strong sense of identity is an b. [email protected] indeed bequeathed to us very original important factor in creating and fostering e-mail Assistant G.S. works. a spirit of enterprise and seif-conlidence. [email protected] Ups an <1 D ow ns in Set back for Co uncilsT Support Charter

T he Regional Council of Brittany-4 voters to support their aims. Among them has decided to recruit an were members of a semi-clandestine A s the saying goes, hardly was the administrative official who will organisation, Stourm ar Brezhoneg. whose ink dry on Prime Minister Jospin's have to be proficient in Breton. It will be a campaign for Breton on signposts, signature of the European Charter permanent full-time post. The decision involving the defacing of French forms, for Regional and Minority languages that was taken in anticipation of measures was proving too costly for the Department President Chirac had referred it to the which should be introduced on the basis Council, so that they had to yield to the French Constitutional Council. The latter of the European Charter for Regional and Breton demands. The arrival of new pronounced that the 39 articles, anodyne as Minority languages. The Council councillors free from the prejudices of they were, were still incompatible with the moreover is officially backing the newly their predecessors and the departure of Constitution since they would contradict created Ofis ar Brezhoneg. The Marcellin and Bonnet opened the way for Article 2 which states that French is the appointment of such an officer is a positive measures such as financial language o f the Republic. Article 2 was remarkable innovation. The successful support for Diwan and the Breton Radio adopted by the French National Assembly candidate will in particular have to deal in Gwened, as well as the siting of Tele in 1992 on the pretence that it was Breton with those who wish to avail of the Breizh, the Breton language service, in necessary as a protection against the threat Council’s services in this language, as Lorient early in the New Year. posed to the French language by the well as with current secretarial work, and expansion of English. The deputies who occasionally to provide simultaneous supported Regional languages were then translation at meetings. The creation of Finistère assured that it was not intended against the this post in a public body whose range of The Department elections held in 1998 latter. Chirac himself, while on a visit to activities is bound to expand, opens new resulted in a socialist majority taking Kemper, stated that he was in favour of professional prospects for Breton control in Finistère with Pierre Maille, France signing the European Charter for speakers. Credit for this development goes Mayor of Brest, as president. Until then Regional and Minority languages. undoubtedly to the Council president Finistère, on J. Y. Cozan’s initiative, had The verdict of the Constitutional Council Josselin de Rohan, and to its vice- taken exemplary steps in support of means that unless Article 2 is suitably president for cultural affairs, J. Y. Cozan. Breton. Last year the Council renewed the amended the Charter cannot be ratified by grants previously given to numerous the National Assembly, and consequently Breton cultural associations, but in April looses aii validity in France. The necessary Morbihan of this year it decided to reduce its modification of the Constitution would The Morbihan Dept. Council has support, cancelling or reducing some of require a procedure to be initiated by recently shown a welcome change of the grants, and making them conditional President Chirac. Falling into line with attitude towards Breton culture. For years on strict accountability. Agreements could those who vociferously expressed their it trailed behind the councils of Finistère be concluded with associations with hostility to the Charter as endangering the and the Côte d’Armor, and treated with whose aims the Council agreed. The indivisibility of the Republic, he refuses to contempt appeals from music and associations whose applications have been take such a step. language associations for support. It rejected decided to co-ordinate their As a sop to the numerous voices raised in ignored the fact that half of Morbihan is efforts with a view to get the Council to protest against his decision, Chirac said he traditionally Breton speaking, although reconsider its decision. Among them is would advocate the adoption of a loi the number of Breton speakers may now the monthly Bremah which is particularly programme for the regional languages, be no more than 80,000; and that dismayed as it has also lost the financial which presumably would serve as a kind of important events such as the Kan ar BobI help hitherto given to it by the Regional framework to guide the government in competition for songs in Breton and the Council, the Drac and the European decisions regarding those languages. For Lorient Interceltic Festival, which yearly Commission. And now sees its ambition good measure he also condemned the attracts more visitors than any similar to become a weekly or fortnightly excessive jacobinism of the French State, festival in France, are held in Morbihan. unreal isable and faces an uncertain future. the usual double talk? There was an almost hysterical Carn 106 has reported the tensions which Unless sufficient political pressure can be opposition at council meetings on the part had arisen between sections of the brought to bear on the higher echelons of of prominent members who viewed Socialist Party in Finistère and some government, the hope that the Charter claims for the language as being language associations. The cuts suffered would give some legal basis to the subversive. In fact the councillors were by the associations may be explained by concessions which had been won for intimidated by the president, the arch­ this situation. There is at least some Breton and other regional languages can be centralist and by his satisfaction in that the Mcrven abandoned. They are left deprived of any successor Christian Bonnet. For 30 years association, which has nine salaried protection by the law, indeed outlawed, they stilled any real political life in teachers employed in teaching Breton in exposed to repressive measures by Morbihan. But there was resistance to 23 centres in South West Brittany giving unsympathetic officials in an their dictates in the Lorient area. Here a 63 classes a week to a total of 518 adults, administration where equality does not number of active cultural associations co­ is being continued. extend to the lesser cultures and their operated under the umbrella of Emglev ar languages. Brezhoneg. They set about lobbying the Use of Breton in Economie Life

I n October of last year, a number of enterprise managers founded an association called Diorren for the purpose of promoting the use of the Breton language in the economic and professional field. They had been impressed during a visit to Ireland when they met people involved in the Fiontar (meaning At the commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of Skoazell Vreizh. Karaez 19-20 June. Enterprise) management school (in Dublin Skoazell Vreizh which has given financial support to families ofpeople prosecuted for City University), by the fact that their Breton activities, calls for 150F annual contributions. Courtesy Bremafi interlocutors had some difficulty in identifying Brittany as a distinct country with a language and an active cultural life of its own. When informed that the visitors Ar Bed OBITUARY also wanted to do for Breton what Fiontar was doing for Irish i.e. training people to be Keltiek - on Yann Goulet able to use their national language in r '<■ / ."s business relations, the two sides were in agreement that it was important for a The Breton sculptor Yann Goulet died in country’s trade to project a strong image Shankill near Dublin on August 22, abroad and that this helped to establish 1999 after a long illness. He first came conviviality and responsibility and thus to public notice as a Breton nationalist facilitated business contacts. in 1938 when as a student of art, Diorren has since grown to a together with two other militants, he membership of about 40, many of them of Breton in destroyed a statuette displayed in an art being native Breton speakers. As few of years, with ’ gallery in Paris which represented a them had been educated through the has awarded Breton woman in the grotesque form medium of Breton, they would be restricted known as Becassine, a subject of to their enterprises’ internal level in using culture. This derision, with no mouth, i.e. as a symbol the language, but this still contributed to Award. Gweli iterprise, Ar of not being able to speak French. their aim. The founders of the association t recipient In 1941 Yann Goulet was put in were well aware of the potential of Breton charge of the Breton National Party’s for scientific expression, it having been if the song Youth Organisation. Ar Bagadoii actively developed by the Preder group and tas put his Stourm. whose members he often by the Termbret branch of The Breton musical can m e twenty reminded of the Irish leader Patrick Cultural Institute (now incorporated in the years ago to Pearse’s readiness to make the supreme newly set up Ofis ar Brezhoneg). up his busim sacrifice for Ireland’s freedom. He was Diorren does not see its role as lying in books, music sentenced to death in absentia in 1946 the field of campaigns for rights and protest 1997 brought a new professional and came to Ireland as a refugee in 1948 actions. To fulfil its aim however it sees the challenge when a shop was opened on together with his wife and children. He necessity of a Breton Management School the Internet. Under the supervision of earned his living as a sculptor and such as Fiontar. to enable a generation of Bemez Boulcih. aided by Keven ar Fur, painter and as an art teacher in Bray, Co. business managers and technicians or the web site already- numbers 350 pages, Wicklow. professional people to make efficient use of becoming the most important Breton Among his best known works are four Breton in their work. Such an institute commercial site. Information is carried in statues inspired by the Irish struggle for could interest pupils emerging from Diwan Breton, French and English. independence: there is one in each and other bilingual schools. The students The award, not only recognises province of Ireland. Let us mention in graduating from Fiontar have no difficulty Gweitas ar Furis business acumen, but particular, the one in front of the in getting employment, on the contrary also his commitment to the Breton Customs House in Dublin, and the group Udaris na Gaeltachta (The Gacltacht language which is the main means of in Ballysheedv near Tra Li representing Development Authority) has jobs for them communication throughout his a tragic episode of the Civil War. His art in Ireland, but unfortunately too many of reflects his forceful personality. He was them have taken employment in other An asvard well deserved! a member of the Irish artists association European countries. (Source Bretagne http://www.arbedkdnek.com Aos Dina. His commitment to the cause Info). info0arbedkeltiek.eom of a free Brittany remained undiminished. Tel: (0)2 984405 38' Alan Heusaff Symbolic Status Or Genuine Bilingualism? Syniadau Pum Munud

M ae cylchlythyr diweddaraf y gwasanaeth i chi. Pan fydd Sais yn smalio ei fod heb glywed yn iawn a dweud mudiad hawliau iaith Cefn, public meeting was held by ‘Pardon’ neu felly, yn lie dweud na fedr o A ‘Asgwm Cefn’, yn tvnnu sylw Cymdeithas yr laith Gymraeg. the Gymraeg. awgrymir siarad yn uwch ac yn at y gwaith ardderchog mae’r mudiad hwn Welsh Language Society', on the 7th arafach. dan ddefnyddio'r bysedd a yn ei wneud dros hawliau Cymry i July in Cardiff to draw attention to the phwyntio os bydd rhaid. fel y gwna ddetnyddio ein hiaith. Mae'r rhifyn yma. position of the Welsh language in the new Saeson dramor (yn etn gwlad ni ydan ni. a ddaeth allan ar gyfer National Assembly for Wales, since it is cofiwch)! Genedlaethol Mon, yn cynnwys erthygl vital, if our language is to remain a central Gellir cael manylion pellach am Cefn o: am ffyrdd bach o brotestio yn erbyn lie aspect of Welsh life rather than something Tÿ Glyndwr. I Stryd y Castel!, darostyngedig y Gymraeg yng Nghymru belonging to a minority on the periphery, Caernarfon, Gwynedd. LL55 1SE. yn ein bywydau bob dydd. nad yw’u that Welsh is thoroughly involved in the Robat ap Tomos cyinryd ond ychydig o amser. new governance of our country from the Summary ‘Cymreigio’r byd bum munud ary tro.' start. It was stated that the Cynulliad has Action to promote our languages need Mae jyncbost yn bla i lawcr ohonom y virtually a carte blanche as far as the not take long. A leaflet issued by the dyddiau hyn - dwsinau o lythyrau na language is concerned. Welsh language rights organisation Cefn, ofynnwyd amdanynt yn cyrraedd ein An examination of the minutes of the outlines small steps we can take day to drysau gan ein liannog i brynu, n,eu first weeks of the Assembly's existence day such as returning English-only fenthyca arian ayb. a’r cwbl yn uniaith showed to our concern that despite the fact junkmail in the enclosed pre-paid Saesneg. Bydd y rhan fwyaf ohonynt yn that each AC (Aelod Cynulliad = Assembly envelope with a note pointing out the dod o Loegr. Yn ami bydd amlen 8’r post member) has the right to address the need for companies to use our Celtic wedi’i dalu ymlaen Haw ar gyfer eich Assembly in Welsh and that some third of language if they want our custom. atebiad yn amgaeedig yn y jyncbost. Yn the members can speak Welsh, only 9% of lie taflu'r cwbl i'r bin ysbwriel. beth am what was said in the Assembly was in dalu'n 61 i’r cwmni am wastraffu eich Gwyddeleg ywV busnes Welsh and 91 % was in English. The reason amser ac anwybyddu cin hiaith drwy for this was not that the Welsh-speaking ysgrifennu ar y jyncbost nodyn tebyg i M ae'r cwmni Forbairt Feirste members are disproportionately quiet but hyn: (“Datblygiad Feirste”) sydd ar that AC’s who can speak Welsh choose to “Os ydych am werthu (roi benthvg ayb.) Bôthar na bhFâl yng Ngorllewin give speeches in English. This despite the i mi yng Nghymru dylech fod yn gwneud Béal Feirste, yn hyrwyddo’r Wyddeleg o fact that simultaneous translation from hynnyyn Gymraeg neu 'n ddwvieithog. fewn y sector busnes yng Ngogledd Welsh to English is always available. If you want to sell (tend ayb.) to me in Iwerddon wrth ddefhyddio c.e. arwyddion While reasons are given below for Hales you ought to do so in Welsh or dvvyieithog a gohebiaeth ddwyieithog. inadequacies of the translation system bilingually. ” Mae’r cwmm'au Northern Ireland contributing to this situation, part of the Stwffio’r jyncbost i mewn i'r amien Electricity a Phoenix Natural Gas wedi responsibility must lie with the members wedi'i dalu. ac ar 61 ychwanegu' ‘Lloegr' dechrau cyfathrebu efo'u cwsmeriaid themselves. It is disappointing to note that at y cyfeiriad os yn briodol, gyrru'r cwbl drwy’r Wyddeleg pan fydd cwsmeriaid yn even some Plaid Cymru AC’s failed to use yn 61 ar gost y cwmni! Os bydd Ilawer o gwneud vmholiadau yn Wyddeleg. Mae tua Welsh on all occasions, though exceptions Gymry yn gwneud hyn, bydd y cwmni’au 50 o fusnesau yn ardal Béal Feirste yn who have been consistent in using Welsh yn siwr o syhvi. frwdfrydig iawn yngl_n à pholisïau were (Mid & West) and Mae cangen Cymru o’r Undeb Celtaidd dwyieithog. Mae rhai ohonynt yng Gareth Jones (Conwy), and also Elin Jones yn darparu glynion/sticeri gyda’r geiriau Nghanolfan Cinnéide, Béal Feirste. (AC for Ceredigion) who was a speaker at "Yng Nghymru - Cymraegl”, a allai fod Mae arohvg diweddar wedi awgrymu this meeting, in her speech Elin Jones said yn ddefnyddiol yn y cyswllt yma yn bod tua 142,000 o bobl yn gwybod y that she always used Welsh both in the ogystal ag mewn amryw sefyllfaoedd Wyddeleg yng Ngogledd Iwerddon erbyn main chamber and in committee meetings digon cyffredin eraill! Maenl ar gael yn hyn, ac y mae’r ysgolion Gwyddeleg yn and that she had never been hindered in ddi-dal gennym o'n cyfeiriad ar gefn cynyddu hefyd. doing this. Cam. Hir oes i'r ymgyrehoedd dwyieithog yng The Cynulliad/Assembly will have to Mae syniadau eraill yn yr erthygl yn Ngogledd Iwerddon! choose between genuine bilingualism and pwysleisio’r angen am fod yn barod Suas leis an Ghaeilge! symbolic bilingualism such as that gvda' vmateb wrth geisio gael John Hunter encountered often, faraor. in the Irish gwasanaeth yn Gymraeg a gorfod wvnebu Summary State. haerllugnvydd rhai Saeson sydd i fod i roi The use of the Irish language in business Cvmdeithas’s campaign has attracted in the Six Counties is on the increase. Symbolic Status (contd) languages resident in Wales too. R elaunch O f C ell Caerdydd A further undecided issue is that of order of languages on public signs and notices. The Cardiff cell of Cymdeithas yr laith some opposition in the Press, including the At the moment the Cynulliad is following has been relaunched this summer after a comment that AC’s should be free to the policy of the Welsh Office of allowing relatively quiet period, in the past Cell choose in which language they speak. This individual departments to decide whether Caerdydd has played a leading role in campaign does not aim to force Cynulliad Cymraeg or English is to be first, while Cymdeithas’s campaigns for the language, members to use a particular language, of county councils over most of Wales now particularly in pressing for shops, banks course, but to persuade those who can use regularly put Cymraeg above or on the left etc. to use Welsh. It is envisaged that the Welsh to do so of their free will. with the same size letters etc. Now is the deficient language policy of Cardiff County A major issue in the language campaign time to push AC's to make the Cynulliad Council will be a main target for the re­ is that of translation. Cymdeithas have been give a good example. formed group. calling for two-way simultaneous It was stated that the issue of Health and Os hoffech gymryd rhan yn y gwaith o translation from the start. What we have at Safety has to be on the agenda of every hyrwyddo'r Gymraeg yn ein prifddinas. the moment is simultaneous translation committee meeting in the Cynulliad. We nail 1 ai drwy ymgyrehu neu drwy from Welsh to English but not the other should aim for Language to he similarly a gynorthwyo'r gwaith o gynnal ein cyrsiau i way, so that speeches in Welsh will be compulsory item on every agenda. ddysgwyr, eysylltwch a Chell Caerdydd, 11 heard by some members via the translators Heol Gordon, Y Rhath, Caerdydd CF24 but speeches in English will always be Robat ap Tomos 3AJ. ffon (029) 20486469. heard in their original form with all the R a p T original intonation etc. This, making one's point more effectively, is one factor which inclines some AC’s to speak in English sometimes. Further, with no recorded spoken Welsh translation of English speeches, they have to be translated into €uro-€lections - Welsh when the Welsh version of the written minutes are being prepared, thus delaying the publishing of the Welsh version of the minutes. Better Again! Translation in official circles in Wales tends to be one way. Official documents are usually written in English, and translated into Welsh to keep "them” quiet. The spoken word, in council meetings and in uickly following the National them an overall majority of seats in the the Cynulliad at the moment, is translated lAssembly elections in which Plaid whole of Britain, and the extreme-right only the other way, from Welsh to English, VAO Cymru managed their best ever all­ “UK Independence Party” won three seats. again in the spirit of granting "them” the Wales~peperformance came the elections to The result in England was reminiscent of right to speak in their own language. the European Parliament and Plaid not only the Thatcher years. If the English arc tiring of New Labour and returning to their Underlying the language policy arc two held their vote but increased even further. opposing ideological views of Welsh. The The election with proportional traditional home, then our new National view that was imposed on Wales during the representation replacing the previous one- Assembly will have to be ready for a years of Tory government, that of the seat system by which Labour held each of struggle. unitary "British nation” as an extended our five scats, was based on all Wales party Robat ap Toinos England, is no longer in play. To the lists. Plaid Cymru took the second highest Labour Party and to a section of Plaid number of votes, coming within 15,000 of Cymru the Welsh-speakers are a minority Labour, die closest ever. Plaid won two of the five seats with from the son luchd ionnsachaidh is luchd Gàidhlig who must be given certain rights. There are for Gaelic learners and supporters English-speakers (i.e. people who cannot Rhondda and Eurig Wyn based in speak Welsh) and Welsh-speakers (people Gwynedd being elected. Labour took two ag adhartachadh na Gàidhlig who can) in Wales and the Welsh-speakers seats (Glenys Kinnock and Eluned Morgan, promoting the Gaelic language are to be granted their concessions. both Welsh-speakers) and the Conservative & Unionist party one seat (Jonathan Evans, iris son fios is ùidh Is oideas "" According to the second view, held by mag for news, interest, learning Cymdeithas and other nationalists, the a member who has said that he will not apologise for being unable to speak Welsh). æi ràitheachan Gàidhlig- the Gaetic-English Welsh language belongs to everyone in Bettria taobh h taobh parail el text quarterly Wales, however much of it they know. As While the count reckoned the whole of an-asgaidh de bhuiil - mag free to members - the language proper to Wales it should be Wales together, the individual cuir son samhla a send for sample extract Cothrom an-drasta’ from Cothrom now! present in every aspect of the government constituencies declared separately. Plaid in Wales and everything connected with came top in all nine of the constituencies annual membership - UK £15 Overseas £15 our Cynulliad should be. originally or by which they won in the Assembly election, UK unwaged £10 subscribing organisation £25 and "gained” one extra from Labour - (iùl tuairmseach a-mhàin £20 = C552AJSS33 appro* guide only) translation, available in Welsh. The use of credit a id payment automatically converts currency English is justified and necessitated by the Carmarthen West & South Pembrokeshire. presence of people in Wales who do not The Tories, significantly, made great Send also for free contact details for all registered Gaelic clubs, classes & courses in vour area - and distance lam ing! speak enough of the national language in inroads into the Labour vote in "British Wales” - the anglicised belts. More order that these should not be excluded Dalirachd is etle - www.gaelic.nel/cli - lor membership and more from access to information. And any ominous to us was the result in England CU. 62 Priomh Shriid, Inbhit Ghbnlain IV18 ODH consideration of language in Wales should where the Tories soundly beat Labour and CU, 62 High St. Invetgordon IV18 ODH. Scotland ® Fbn/facs *44 (0) 1349 654848 email: c)i@gae!ic net not forget that there are speakers of other took a majority of seats so large as to give tionscal elosamhaire agus is feidir le UnaG sciar maitli de a M il, agus le beannacht an Aire StAit, Eamon 6 Cuiv, a duirt an 1A cheana go gcuirfl beint ar leith ar an fhorbairt i r e « 3 Airithe seo. TA an tAire ceanna tar ¿is Bille leasaithe Udaras na Gaeltachta a fhoilsiu agus cuireadh os comhair an tSeanaid e i dtus mhi lull. Baineann na hathruithe is mo le FOE BUflIN AG FAS- struchtur an Bhoird agus na toghchAin. In ionad an 13 ball a bhi air to dti seo. beidh UDARAS NA GAELTACHTA 1979- 99 20 ar an mBord nua. 17 diobh tofa agus 3 ceaptha ag an Aire, an Cathaoirleach ina mease; go dti seo seachtar a bhi tofa agus N uair a bunaiodh UdarAs na hochtoidi; idir ama tA go leor fadhbanna seisear ceaptha ag an Aire. TA lion na Gaeltachta i 1979 bhi ddchas ann tagtha chun cinn sa bhfeirmeoireacht eisc dtoghlaigh le hardu 6 tri cinn go dti seacht ag an am go gcabhrddh sA chun agus sa bhforaoiseacht 6 thaobh truaillithe geinn, sa chaoi go mbeidh toghlach amhain stop a chur le meath na teanga agus le agus galair de a chuireann amhras ar go leor i chuile chontae ina bhfuil limistear heisimirce an 6ige tri fostaiocht a chur ar den phobal, gan tracht ar na rialacha uilig Gaeltachta. Is ar bhun an daonAirimh atA fail don aos Ag ina a nduthaigh fein agus atA A leagan sios ag an AE (Aontas lion na suiochAin roinnte idir na toghlaigh: forbairt eacnamaiochta, sAisialta agus Eorpach) ar chaomhnu agus cosaint na Gaillimh 6, Tir Chonaill 4, Muigheo agus culturtha na Gaeltachta a bhaint amach. Bhi timpeallachta, portaigh agus ceantracha Ciarrai 2, Corcaigh, An Mhi agus Port an tuiscint ann chomh maith go spreagfadh Ailne ar leith a bhfuil neart diobh ar fud na LAirge I. Dar ndAigh ta mishAsamh ar an tUdaras fAinmhuinfn i muintir ria Gaeltachta. Ni rAshAsta ata cuid mhaith dhaoine eagsula leis an leagan amach seo. Gaeltachta sa chaoi go ntbeadh nios m6 daoine faoin ord nua seo, bac ar fhorbairt go hAirithe na Conallaigh a mheasann go smacht acu ar a saol fein. An dA sprioc a bhi atA ann, dar leo. Tionscal eile a bhfuil fAs bhfuil buntAiste tugtha do Ghaillimh de ag an Udaras fostaiocht a chruthu tri mAr tagtha air ins na prionih ceantracha bharr cuid de chathair na Gaillimhe bheith tionscail a bhunu ins na ceantracha Gaeltachta is ea an turasoireacht. Nil aon taobh istigh de theorainn Ghaeltachl Gaeltachta agus “caomhnu agus leathadh na chumhacht ag Udaras na G. an turasoireacht Chonamara. Nit aon athru a dhAanamh ar Gaeilge mar theanga labhartha sa a fhorbairt flu ar bhonn teanga agus cultuir. theorainneacha na Gaeltachta, agus ce Ghaeltacht a spreagadh agus cinnteoidh se Lasmuigh de na ColAistf Samhraidh, a thOgfadh ar an Aire e an cheist achrannach gurb i an Ghaeilge a usAidfear a mheid is thagann faoi scAth Roinn na Gaeltachta, ni seo a sheachaint? Ach is ceist I atA le feidir nuair a bheidh a fheidhmeanna A m6r an tairbhe a dheanann an turasoireacht reiteach luath no mall. gcomhlionadh aige agus thar a chcann" (An don Ghaeilge no don chultur a ghabhann lei. Muna bhfuil deireadh curtha leis an lAcht um Udaras na Gaeltachta 1979). ainneoin go bhfuil an coincheap den eisimirce on Ghaeltacht, ar a laghad tA Muna fciuir a rA go bhfuil na spriocanna sco 'turasoireacht culturtha' faoi thracht go rogha eigin ag daoine oga ie hoideachas bainte amach 6 bunaiodh an tUdaras fiche minic ar na saolta seo. Go hionduil ni maith obair a fliail nios galrc don baife. bliain 6 shin, ni feidir a shcanadh gur ¿irigh bhionn i geeist ach fcilte (ceoil agus spoirt Muna bhfuil leathadh tagtha ar labhairt na go maith leis i reimsi Airithe, ag cur san den chuid is m6) agus corr eigse staire is Gaeilge sa nGaeltacht. nil an culu chomh aireamh na deacrachtai uilig a bhi le saru litriochta. Cabhraionn roinn Chultur agus mor is a dThcadfadh se bheith ieis an mbru aige. Gan trAcht ar an gcumhacht teoranta a Teanga an UdarAis le cuid de na himeachtai 6 domhain mor an BhAarla ar chuile taobh. tugadh don Udaras agus na hacmhainni seo tri deontais bheaga a bhronnadh orthu. Caithfear bheith dAchasach go dtabharfaidh suaracha a cuireadh ar fail do. bhi easpa ach ar eigean go gcruthaitear aon phostanna an ionadaiocht bhreisc ar Bhord an Udarais infrastruchtuir. cdras lochtach cumarsAide dA bharr sin. Go deimhin is beag post spreagadh agus cabhair don phobal agus iompair. agus nios measa fos easpa lAnaimseartha atA sa turasoireacht lasmuigh Gaeltachta an teanga agus an oidhreacht atA scileanna ins na pobail Aitiula, go speisialta de na bailte m6ra. acu a thabhairt slan don chAad ghlun eile. scileanna bainistiochta agus teicniula. Ni caithfidh UdarAs na Gaeltachta Brid Ileussaff haon ionadh mar sin gur theip ar go ieor de diriu nios mA ar phostanna san earnAil na tionscail agus dunadh monarchain o am seirbhisc agus sa tcicncolaiocht. An bac is Summary go eheile, ce nach sa Ghaeltacht amhain a mo ar an fhorbairt seo faoi lAthair nach Udaras na Gaeltachta. the Gaeltacht tliarla a leitheid. Gan amhras tA feabhas mor bhfuil daoine cAilithe ar fail le dul ina Development Authority was established in lagailhe ar lhostaiocht i gcoitinne 1c blianta mbun. Anuraidh bhi feachtas ag an UdarAs 1979, and since then has been active in beaga anuas ach ni san earnAil ag iarraidb cAimithe a ndeachaidh ar imirce establishing industry on a small scale in tionsciaiochta ata an fas ag larlu. De reir an a mhealladh abhaile. Gaeltacht areas, and in the promotion o f chuntais ar obair an Udarais idir 1994-’97 Se an tionscal closainhaire (audio-visual) the language and culture of the region, in admhaionn an priomhfheidhmeannach nach an ceann is mo a bhfuil gealladh faoi sa recent years it has become involved in the feidir nios mo postanna tionsciaiochta a nGaeltacht le tamall anuas, go hAirithe 6 Audio-Visual industry, which has chruthu sa nGaeltacht. De na daoine uilig bunaiodh TnaG. Ta an tUdarAs ag tabhairt developed in many Gaeltacht areas since atA fostaithe sa nGaeltacht tA 28% ag spreagadh don fhorbairt seo. fiu ins na the advent o f TnaG. obair i dtionscail agus meastar gur figiur blianta sul a dtAinig TnaG ar an saol bhi sA An amendment to the Bill of UnaG, sach ard e seo i gcomparaid le rcigitiin eile. pAirteach i mbunu Telegael sa Spidcal agus recently introduced in the Senate cuid acu i bhlad nios forbartha na mar ata bhi cursai scannanaiochta a reachtAil go rialta recommends as extended Board of 20 an Ghaeltacht. i gceannAras an UdarAis ins na Forbacha. 6 members, of which 17 will be elected, Ni leir chan oiread go dtiocfaidh m6rAn shin i leith tA morAn de na daoine oga a rinne instead o f the present 13 members, 7 o f fhas breise ar tionscal bunaithe ar na cursai seo ag obair leis na comhlachtai whom are elected. Instead of the present acmhainni nadurtha — iascaireacht. neamhspleAcha atA ag solAthar clAracha do three electorates there will be seven, one in foraoiseacht agus portaigh - in aineoin an TnaG, cA nach sa Ghaeltacht amhain atA siad each county1 in which there is a Gaeltacht dtkhas mor a cuireadh ina leitheid ins na seo suite. Is cinnte go bhfuil fas in ann don area. The White Page / An Bhileog Bhán Twentieth Century Irish Women Poets Edited by Joan Me Breen

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themselves, are also included. Poets bom in widely in Ireland and abroad and has been The White Page/ the Republic of Ireland and Northern broadcast, anthologised and translated into An Bhileog Bhan Ireland, poets of Irish ancestry and non­ many languages. nationals who have been resident and To order a copy of The White Page/An writing in Ireland are included. Bhileog Bluin send a cheque for £9.99 plus is a comprehensive study of Irish women’s A reference book for students of Irish £2.00 p&p (S6.00 to USA) to Salmon poetry published in book form from 1930 literature, it is also a poetry anthology Publishing, Cliffs of Moher. Co. Clare. to the present time. It takes the form of an representing poets who have published at Ireland. Please make cheques payable to extended annotated directory, including least one collection of poetry in the Salmon Publications. Proceeds from sales biographical and bibliographical details on twentieth century. of this book will go the Leukaemia Trust. each poet. Poems and photographs, Joan MeBrcen is from Sligo, and lives in University College Hospital, Galway. generously donated by the poets Tuam. Co. Galway. Her poetry is published Ireland.

Celtic Poets Unite! You’ve Nothing To Lose But Your Tongues

No sin a deir Aeademi Cardiff agus iad rnaith an rud International Poetry ag f6gairt international Poetry Competition a bheith a eagru ag Yr Competition 2000. Agus td £5.000 i Aeademi Gymreig with the support of the The Dai! ¿ireann diplomat. Art nduaiseanna le scaipeadh san "International Arts Council of Wales”? Is rnaith gan O'Brien, presented a cartoon Poetry Competition' seo ata eagraithe ag amhras. ach, ach. ach! Ta coinniollaeha ag depicting the death of Terrence Mac Aeademi Cardiff - ainm traddla Yr baint leis an International Competition seo. Sweeney, to the National Museum. It Aeademi Gymreig (The Society of Writers Ceart go leor ta an comortas oscailte do was by a Breton artist he said. It is of Wales and Welsh National Literary "writers of any nationality and from any signed as well as I can decipher it’ Promotion Agency) dream a mhaionn ar a country” ach agus ta an ach an "provided (A?) Bennesec (k)\ Can any one out gcuid broiseir a oibrionn “with the support they (na danta) ar in English". there Identify him or his oeuvré? of the Arts Council of Wales." P. OS. P.Ó.S. Cin gearSn ata again, deir tu? Nach rajju— ------■------= Ti Coras LI i in li reach a F Irish Artists in Breizfi A It______- = ¡ 1 ISBN: Fcaclitas do

ack in the 60s ! often suggested to of Brittanty stimulated his interest in his Ellina Waldren. then Curator of the own native culture - he returned home and Cheillïgli? BHugh Lane Gallery of Modem Art devoted himself to Irish themes... in Dublin, that she should publish her O’Connor’s encounter with the Pont Aven extensive knowledge on the phenomenon school was to bring him close to the French of Irish artists living - if temporarily - and avant - garde, and further away from working - often - in Breizh. People used to Ireland’. O’Connor was not the first Irish s readers may or may not know I as talk of them going to Normandy and were artist in Breizh. as points out. He a publisher refuse to be dragooned annoyed at my correction. Others talked mentions Francis Darby and Louisa or forced (by threat to my vaguely about France until I asked for Cosello in the I830’s in Dinan; others who A necessary subvention from the state) to use precision; art history (not that I could ‘journeyed to the north coast in the sixties; ISBN numbers on books published under contribute much to the discipline) needs 'and that ‘in the seventies and eighties, the Coiscdim imprint. accuracy. increasing numbers of Irish painters The ISBN scheme is a good one, the idea Ethna published very little - an article on explored Finistère, staying at the artist’s behind it laudable. What could one Joseph Malachy Kavanagh in tire Capuchin colonies of Douarnevez, Pont Aven, complain about? Is an International Annual in 1968 is the only source by her Quimperle and Concarneau,’ migrating, as Standard Book Number “what is says on drawn on in a recent publication Peintres he says, to paint from Nature. the tin” (to echo the TV ad). It aint if you Irlandais en Bretagne (euro 21.52), a As well as commenting on the artists’ are a publisher in a Celtic country. catalogue of the exhibition of the title attitudes to Breizh Campbell gives an extra Publishers in Briezli who use an ISBN shows in the Musée de Pont Aven from the context, even if, as he suggests, most of number do so from the numbers and codes 26 June to 27 September before its transfer them may have been ignorant of it: allotted to France, their books are therefore to the Crawford Municipal Gallery in Cork. 'religious and maritime links... since Celtic listed, recorded and catalogued as French The lavishly illustrated (full colour) A4 times’; ‘religious communities such as publications production is a model of its kind and the Locranan and Saint Jacut de la Mar - The ISBN numbers and codes used in all thorough and detailed and unobtrusive founded by Irish Monks’: ‘trade relations... the other Celtic countries are numbers and introductory essay by Julian Campbell is commenced in the fifteenth century’; codes from the English series: all their the product of a worthy successor in this 'soldiers and mariners, boat builders and publications are recorded therefore area to Ethna Waldren engineers’; Irish beggars’ on the roads (as internationally, catalogued and listed as In a preface, by Catherine Puget, Curator noted by Éamon Ô Ciosâin in his English. We object and rightly so to of the Pont Aven museum, she puts this contribution to Laurent and Davis. Irlande English annexationism in terms of our show and publication in the context of a et Bretange, Vingt Siècles d’Histoire, literature, athletes and so on. We can and scries (1990 Finns in Breizh. 1995 Yanks Rennes. 1994): the Irish College in Nantes, we should halt them from annexing our there, 1999 the Irish); mentions O’Connor Arthur O’Leary in Saint Maio’ and Wolf book trade and business also. (always listed with Gaugin), Leech and Tone leaving from Brest in 1796. The ISBN idea emanated from the Hovenden; and comments on 'la vivacité Some of the artists listed met their “National” Book Week organised by de nos liens entre Bretons et Irlandais* - spouses in Brittany - Hazel Lavery, still a Whittaker of London. Years ago "National" would they were stronger and that shadowy presence on Irish banknotes, an Book Week saw Hanna’s windows in publications such as this were in Breton American artist, niel John Lavery there and Nassau Street Dublin festooned with Union and Irish instead of French and English. In the last man listed, Michael Farrell married Jacks: quite rightly they knew (an opted its way this choice of language (some a Breton girl and lived with her in Saint- into the usages o f) the ’nation" concerned. wouldn't see it as a choice) indicates how far Malo until his return, impoverished, to (The day after I noticed the "decoration” all we have got to go towards the restatement of Ireland in 1946. traces of siad union rag were removed from our differentiating individualities. The ultimate effect of their peleringes to their displays ach sin sc6al eile, as they Campbell opens his essay with a mention Breizh can and will be argued about but for say). of Synge becoming fascinated with Breizh themselves and for us Campbell concludes: A solution to the ISBN dilemma in the in the I890’s, writing about Le Braz. trying "In the greater context of French art Celtic Countries in view of their authorities to learn Breton and expressing his (more bleddy cultural imperialism! - PÔS), failure to act to ensure products are not 'admiration for the culture and plays of the and amongst the diversity of painters labelled as English, was mentioned by Breton speaking peasantry of Low and working in Brittany Irish artists, with the Anraoi Lerpelier to the undersigned lately. Western Brittany’ in his article ‘A Celtic exception of an individual such as Roderic He suggested that the Celtic Nations Theatre’ in the Freeman’s Journal. 22 O’Connor have passed little noticed. Yet, combine and arrange for a separate March 1990. Synge's cousin, Edward the Breton experience was of immense sequence of numbers separate from the Millington Synge was one of the Irish importance for Irish art. It had a liberating English and French series. He cannot artists in Breizh at this time and is included effect upon the Irish artists who worked in envisage any legal problems with this. Is in this exhibition and book. Campbell Brittany. Indeed several artists produced his idea a worthwhile project for the wonders if Synge was ’ aware of the the most significant work of their career league? I think so. and properly organised presence of another Irishman, the painter there. The Breton oeuvre is unique in Irish could lead to employment. Rodcric O'Connor who had been living at art. There could scarcely have been more nearby Pont Aven for several years' (Synge concentrated, yet varied, representation of P.ÔS. was in Kemper). Campbell marks the any other region, at least outside of Ireland. differing effect: 'while Synge's discovery Pâdraig Ô Snodaigh Openness of New NATO Chief Who Gave Murderers Licence To Kill eorge Robertson’s election to the achieved its ultimate objective when Enquiry position of Secretary General of Northern Secretary Mo Mowlam released GNATO will bring some added the two ‘on licence’. Robertson added qualities to the position. It was Robertson insult to the injury Peter McBride's family Undermined who, as United Kingdom Secretary of State fell by allowing the two back into the Army for Defence, oversaw the re-integration into and hence paradoxically giving them a he British directly and indirectly the British Armed forces of a number of ‘licence to kill’. Indeed one of George's were never slow to quote the late convicted murderers. Most notable first actions was to endorse their service TSean McBride’s background when amongst these were the two Scots with a NATO deployed unit in Kosovo. he spoke out on rights issues in Ireland in guardsmen Fisher and Wright who cold­ Some Scots, and others on the NATO his UN capacity. Despite being an bloodedly murdered Belfast man Peter scene, may see Robertson politically as the extremely well respected and internationally McBride in 1992. Perhaps Robertson will strong man of the Kosovo crisis. I lowever. renowned human rights figure his previous encourage NATO members to extend the his handling of the Fisher and Wright involvement with the IRA (of another age) same largesse to their own prison inmates. episode, and others which allowed Army was enough to, in the view of the British, In the face of repeated Irish government felons convicted in Ulster back into the taint his judgement. protests and to the obvious distress of the Army, expose him as the weak little man he McBride family, a misguided but well is. organised campaign for their release

No Watchdog For Radiation Danger

here appears to be no statutory' body body with the expertise and integrity to north or south of the Irish border provide a definite analysis but at present Tcharged with monitoring health the issue unfortunately “does not fall within implications connected with the British its area of responsibilities". Army's use of non-ionising radiation J B Moffatt emitting equipment in border ar eas. The Celtic League recently wrote to various organisations in the United Irish women earn a Lord Woolf Kingdom and Ireland seeking information on the monitoring which was undertaken. In a startling example of the hypocrisy QUARTER LESS THAN MEN Replies received from the Radiological for which the United Kingdom and its Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII) and Justice System are renowned, we are Ireland ranks eleventh out of the 15 the Northern Ireland Environment Agency, expected to accept that the good Justice countries of the EU on equal pay between indicate there is a vacuum which at present Woolf was trailing no such baggage, from men and women. The average gross hourly no independent monitoring body is filling. his earlier military loyalty and wages for a woman in Ireland are 73.4% of The information is all the more surprising commitment, when he sat to adjudicate in a man’s gross hourly earnings, according to given that assurances were given in Dàil July in the Appeal Court and ruled that an EU wide survey published in June by Éireann in March 1995 that: “the (radiation British Soldiers giving evidence to the new EUROSTAT, the Statistical Office of the emitting) equipment used by the (British) Bloody Sunday enquiry could remain European Communities. Army in South Armagh is not harmful to anonymous The EUROSTAT survey is based on 1995 health”. It now appears that when this The truth of course is that Lord Woolf, figures. Structural factors account for much assurance was given it had no substance in whatever twists and evasions the British of the difference in earnings between men fact. put on the issue was and is a Woolf in and women, the survey points out. British Army clothing. Microwave emitting equipment and surveillance radar pose an undefined threat. Lord Woolf has said his previous Army The jury is still very much out on the long service did not require him to declare an term implications to health but these have interest as it was forty years ago and he been increasingly in focus with concerns Unemployment was only a conscript for National service. about systems such as transmitters for In a letter he suggests that those Down interested or involved in cases heard by mobile phones. One of the difficulties in quantifying the him should refer to Who’s Who and similar danger posed by the military installations, Unemployment in the Republic is now publications if concerned about his military many of which sprout all manner of dish down to a projected rate of 6% for this links. and antennae equipment, is that much of year and since 1993 the average increase Despite the Noble Lords spirited defence the information is classified. per annum in the number at work has of his position the League intends to press The League still await replies from the been 5%. Employment is projected to the issue and has written to Irish Taoiseach, British MoD and the NRPB but expect grow by 45.000 this year and a further Bertie Ahern suggesting the Appeal Court neither to be able nor willing to clarify the 30.000 in each of the years 2000 and ruling undermines the openness of the new issue. Ireland's RPII is probably the one 2001. Bloody Sunday enquiry. i ll to indulge what seems to be a fascination JE r—----li with the past, perhaps dressing up in the costume o f olden limes, or shooting with the bow. or restoring ancient steam «§ ernow " engines. This is harmless enough, and why not, indeed, be proud o f our past? But ■V. . •••..•• •-•■ ...... :...... i m unfortunately there will always be mischievous, or al best misguided persons who are not satisfied with the facts as they Fra ga na T abmGuirfievelepter?find them, but manipulate the truth to suit their own ends. The character of Cornwall's history and cultural n jouinama ma pobell an beaz gon teez coath drenz scvys a lydnyathe background need nut and should not be neverah comercz moye ha moye gen coath Curnooack. ha mett ew dressans boaz either distorted or fabricated to make of it Esoon an heynes angy. en mar vear tei prowt a hebma. En contary part, po what it is not. The notion of racial, nag eze scantlower edn pow bennag na scadganho ha baigellio yuzia an gwreanthe national, or cultural purity for the Cornish cowethyans a deez buz ma e dregorian ma rag trailia an holl tha leas o hunnen. is a myth. Extravagant claims about a meraz warthellar dia neb termen a vee an wos neb spyta alganz cawsia. po neb 'Celtic Cornwall ' are part of this myth, the taklo 'Rene' war neb coorc. Rada a vetha drudgan alganz exereysa. drogkoleth ew only indisputable 'Celtic thing' being the omgwetha o hunnen en delhaz edn oge ew hedna. Cornish language, and that too owes its passiez peli than urma, en gurra drew Menga pe na venga rima e adzhan, distinct Cornishness to its admixture with hebma an leali povvz ago henezel: ma rerol skant glanuthder eze a treegaz en gùdzh an English. We have even had English law for gvvary batallvow. quethes en mael, a loane bobell Curnooack hethow, na bith moye et 1000 years, not counting the Stannary pub e arv coath vel gonn mean fieni, gevv e geysiow. Nagew gon bownaz nye en Parliament which has now 'fizzled out '. po dinaul: hag en mèn termen skant nag eze Kernow scantlower kene es drewa en neb Let s stop playing games. Truth is always keverang nan gevas cowethyans rag tedna bar orol nag en Enezow Brelhon na drez better than fiction, and produces a stronger, gen gwaracke. moar: ema an moyha radn a tibiaz, a tebre. healthier culture. Mero tuah an moar. ha why ra gwcllaz omgwetha hag omthythana pecare; heb oli sorto coocoe ha gorollion dadn goul. traveeth orol, an peledrooz a venga gon hagenzol war an teer ma teez a vetha joynea nye oli warbar, ha ma teez Cheany spenga ago freze en glanhe ha mentayna eneth a comerás hedna aman lehben! Euro gynnes tane. Ema rina a venga gweel o hunnen pure Car dre hevol. ma gwage et agon Curnowean. buz na ore angy pandrigge cdhyw y teuth dhymm Cam Hav bownaz hethovv evv geres genz agon geys hedna a stirria. ha rag hedna mownz 1999 ha my a wel bos diw seythun nouedzha. Era nye a moaz rage gen ree a wheelaz lfamya glaze, geys Ita heynes ew Hgesys dhymm kyns an ‘linenn dcthe. metessen? En deda ethew hebma vor henmses it ago hreze angy, neb teer fanales varow\ an kynsa a vis Est dhe skrifa dhis. scappya meaz a dra na ellen nye gytheffia, meza quignogs. Nag eze whathe attendes My a garsa leverei fateli yw da an nivcr buz en kcttermen ethew seen dreze moye gongans dreze leeaz hanuo an plaso ma, dres oli martesen awos an skrifow pals termen vage tha nye vel droren nye gweel Sousnack en Kernow? Drew an Sousnack yn Sowsnek ha Kembrek, ha meur aga les dotha: rag a termen coath mar vesy o a beaz kenza tavaz an pow thea an I6vas a’m koweth Robat ap Tomos. kyn fo nebes na oyah teez gweel Rene vel lavina ha poaz. cansbletlian, po derage hedna? Ha mar trist, war arali, gweles nag eus ha debre pee angy louarc fortidniez; atter an teffan ha wheelaz en levran an phone dadn travydh dyllys yn Kernewek Kcmmyn. pednzhlvigian ha’n bobell vroaz, henew! an letheran T. leb veath kevez henwyn eze My a skrif dres oli dhe rassa dhe Robat Nag eze traveeth bedn dythana agon a talla gen Tre-, an moyha leeaz hag ow kampoella an lyvrik byghan Hunros hunnen ha gwary; ha pur wyre en faes. nye arbednek an henwyn Curnooack. nye ra Macsen Wlegid treylyes dha Gernewek a a gotha thene gweel andellha, rag drevan cavaz dreze scantlower moye avel 135 a Gembrek gans José Calvete, den pur styrt an skeeans na ellen nye omwetha rag henwyn ew Curnooack heb daunger, ami.sk skentel yn yethow keltek. devedhys y gavvas pylta termen vage. hag ull cma rina moye avel 1000 a henwyn comerez oil deylu, dell skrif Robat, dhiworth Galithi, ha ew siger heb boaz angy o hunnen tha warbar Gweer ew drigge Tre- yuzia 15 trigys lemmyTi yn Pow Frynk Gas vy dhe vlamya. column, buz ma Taylor c hunnen yuzia 7 veneges ynwedh, mar pleg, bos Peder Peea tha ketep pedn bonogath dah! nonge! Skorrenn an Mabinogi treylyes dhe Buz. ethlays! an lavar coath ew lavar gweer Soo, rag fra na comerás gon pow car Gernewek gans Jowann Richards dyllys drigge Salnaz neverah a cavaz whcal tha drewa? Rag fra benthygio a'n Skottez ago ynwedh gans Kernewek dre Lyiher. doola siger! Rag, pe nag eze traveeth a vo thartan. kilt ha pib zah? Po a'n Kembrian Gvvann kyn fo ow Hembrek my re droag poran adro tha gara e laze. c thavaz ago Gorsedd? Po a’n Bretten ago hans? Po assayas redya skrif Robat, Ewro, Euro. ha e geysiow coath. ha po termeniow pa a’n Gotbily ago streef? Nag igge an Iw ro ll Mara’n konvedhav yn ta, yma gotha tha deez saval aman ha omwetha o takloma longia tha nye! Ew shame gena Robat ow leverei bos res dhe hunnen derage drogkoleth pe poesigian, nye ra’ gon henwyn, po angy Sousenack po Gembregoryon dewis yntra leverei (ha whathe. gustla bell ha sordia streef wos Curnooack? Ew meth gena nye rag an skrifa?) Ewro. Euro hag Iwro avel hanow preva neb consceyt prevath ew Rene matter. peath a vetha Kernow en leali? an mona nowydh europek. Unnver yw en enuedzhek po hemba en contradicion an Pylta crefha neverah a veath Ewro gans an fordh gembrek a skrifa gwreanathe. cowethyans ew foundyes war an Europ, h.y. Ewrop. Unnver yw Euro gans Pandrera ve a mcnia? Eah, nye a ore gwreanathe ha’n gwra. an fordh gemmyn a skrifa an hanow kyn na per thah, ha gwra ew. dro Kernow glaze Richard Gendall dliiskwa hemma an fordh dha a leverei an thibblans peli than urma. ha remenadou an Precis hanow yn Kembrek. hvro a dhiskwa yn state ma reeg dima bis en termen Why not a hit o f Reality? Ivtherennans kembrek an fordh sowsnek a dewethaz. ew disquethez dreth bownaz an To-day, with so much leisure lime leverei an hanow, ha hemma a via an fordh tavaz Curnooack. dreth adzhuanfas ha cove compared with our forefathers, we are able sywys gans mali gans lies Kembregor kyn THE CORNISH An Kynsa Knuhelles Bryhhonek HOLOCAUST

n 6 a vis Est, synsys veu yn erell, henn yw Iwerdhon. Alban ha REMEMBERED Bretofia (Galythi) an kynsa Manow. kuntelies Brytiionek. Ottomma le omguntell pub trevesigeth an A he first week of July saw the ha hanow arwoedhek rag an kynsa Vrythonyon yn Galythi avel y’n V1« commemoration of Cornwall's kuntelies Brythonek! Dhe dhiwedh an Vv« kansblydhen yn termyn epskop an Prayer Book War of 1549, an event kansblydhen y teuth Brythonyon dhe Vrythonyon yn Galythi henvyys Mailoc. T no less tragic and significant in Kemow’s Alythi Gledh dre vras. ena y kevir hwatli krevhe an gevellansow ynter an trevow history than the An Gof rising of 1497 of henwyn-tyller avel Bretofia (ogas dhe Brythonek y'n termyn cus passys. which the 500,h anniversary was marked in Mondofiedo). Amkan an kynsa kuntelies 1997. flic Prayer Book War does not figure Brythonek ma o rag ensampel: Y few keskusulyansow ha moesow-krcnn prominently in the history taught in yn-kever an yeth Bretonek gans Gérard Cornish schools but in its effect on the - dysplegya kevrennow ynter an Poblow Lilieure. doktour yn yethonieth yn Cornish language it is possibly the most Brythonek a-dhiworth Kembra, dre Pennskol Santiago de Compostela (Galythi) significant single episode in the country''s Gernow, dre Vreten Vyghan dhe ha Belen Martin, dyskadores yn Reims history, and the reprisals for the rising in Vrctofla ha gans an Poblow Keltek (Pow Frynk), yn-kever an ilow vreihonek 1549 arc well fitted to the title of C ornish gans Moncho Failde hwithrer yn H olocaust proposed at this year’s Cornish ethnologieth hag y kevis ynwedh moesow- Language week-end. The story of the war Euro (contd) krcnn yn-kever gevellansow trevow Breten is given in a bilingual book. C o rn w a ll s Vyghan ha trevow Galythi. Secret War by Pol Hodge, published this fo, herwydh Robat ejelychu 'n stafaidd iaith Wosa an keskusulyansow ha’n moesow- year by Kowethas an Yeth Kemewek. ein meistril (sy wya avel kethyon yeth agan krenn yth yskynnas an dus war an vre The war was an unsuccessful uprising of arlydhi). henwys ‘Auruxeira’ yn Bretofia rag koena the Cornish against religious reforms Dell wocr lies den yth yw an syllabenn hag eva gwin da! Wosa henna kevywyes introduced by the English government eu greka. ha kyn fo skrilys yn keth forth yn veu Goel I.ughnasad gans ilow keltek. ruling in the name o f the young king lies yeth, kewsys yw pub le y'n fordh An kynsa kuntellyans Brythonek a veu Edward VI. in particular against the dihcvelep ow sywya rewlys an yeth may ordcnys gans A.C. AURUXEIRA gans introduction of English language services ma kewsys. (Awos hemma y feu an hanow kesoberyans an LIGA CELT1GA and an English prayer book instead of dewisys, dell grysav). Yma'n fowt, GALAICA (Kesunyans Keltek Galythiek) . Under the leadership of Sir martescn, gans an yeth kembrek re treylyas ha’n IRMANDADE GALIZA-BRE1ZH Humphrey Arundell from Helland near an lytherennans kesgwlasek ma, yn Ie y (Brederedh Galythi-Breten Vyghan). Bodmin, the rebels sent a series of articles witha ha‘y leverel y'n fordh gembrek. Pella derivadow ow skrifa dhe: to the government, including a call for the Kemmyn lowr yw an syllabenn yn Liga Celtiga Galaica. Apartado 2167. will of the previous king, Henry VIII. to be Kembrek. My a wel lies ger y'm gerlyvcr A Coruña. 15080. Galiza (Via Spain) carried out until Edward VI was old kembrek a dhalleth gans eu- kyn nag yw Tel: 981 226167 enough to rule, and a call for the retention gans stvr greka. Ytho my a garsa profya .Asociación Xuvenil ‘Auruxeira’. of Latin mass for the Cortiishmen did nor Kembregoryon dhe skrifa Euro ha’v leverel 22746 Bretofia. Galiza (Via Spain) understand English. The articles were yn gis kembrek dell y’n lever an Sowson Tel: 982 349157. refused and the Cornish rebels marched y'n gis sows, an Frynkyon yn gis frynkek, José CALVETE through cast Cornwall into Devon and laid an Almanyon y'n gis almaynek h.e.h.e. siege to Exeter. In an encounter with the Mes ena pydh yw an kusul gwella rag an Summary English army at Clvst Si. Mary, 1000 Rekys voghosek a ros dhyn an hanow yn The first Breton (or should we rather say) Cornish were killed and 900 taken prisoner. kynsa? Milweyth gweth yw aga stuth i! Yn Brittonic gathering was held on the 6th These prisoners were then massacred. This Greka skrifys yw Euro. ‘Evpo, mes yn August 1999, in Bretona (Galicia). A good was quickly followed by a further defeat of Greka arnowydh leverys yw an nessa choice since we should remember that the Cornish in battle at Sampford Courtney, lytherenn, an upsilon avel v yn Kernewek Bretona was the heart of the Breton while any Cornish captured were put to ha Sowsnek po / yn Kembrek. Mar settlements in Galicia and Northern Spain death. Arundell surrendered in August mynnons skrifa Euro dhe vos leverys heb in the Dark Ages. The aims of this first 1549. He was taken to London, tried, and an son v res vydh skrifa ‘Eovpo\ Ytho my a gathering were to link again all the executed in January 1550. Some 4000 omwovynn pandr’a vynnons dhe wul?! Brittonic diaspora from Hales, through Cornish had died in the rebellion. Ray Edwards Cornwall and Brittany and to the land of The English reprisals for the rebellion, the old Breton settlement of Galicia but under Provost Marshal Anthony Kingston. Summary also to strengthen the links with the other Involved hanging about 1000 men in an I am praising Cam 106, thanking Robat Celtic people. There were conferences and episode reminiscent of the reprisals for the ap Tomos for mentioning Ilunros Macsen debates about the Breton language, music 1745 Jacobite rising in Scotland, and Wlegid' and commenting on his notes on and about the twining between cities of possibly the French reprisals in Brittany at possible Welsh forms of Euro, suggesting Brittany and Galicia. At the end o f the day. the end of World War II. (The hanging of Euro -would be best and wondering what there was a 'Lughnasad' feast on the hill the mayor of Bodmin is still re-enacted in the Greeks will do about the word as the u surrounding Bretona with Celtic music. Bodmin Riding Festival.) A total of 5000 (upsilon) is pronounced as v in M odern Cornish had been killed, some 11% of the Greek. population of Cornwall. These would have The Cornish Holocaust (contd) Indixenas e Romanos na Galicia Céltica been generally youngish men. and overwhelmingly Cornish speakers. It seems by Rosa Branas, that the reprisals under Kingston were Libreria Follas Novas, I.S.B.N. 84-605-4361-7. directed against the Cornish speaking population. It can be said that the heart had been ripped out of the Cornish-speaking his book contains 364 pages and Is community by these events» which, written in Galician. The title means together with the severing of links with Natives and Romans in Celtic Brittany following the associated Protestant T G alicia. This is a very interesting book and Reformation and the general alienation of it should come to be regarded as a welcome Cornish from the establishment, are study of Galician history' before and during responsible for the consequent collapse of the Roman conquest and occupation. the language. In the early 16,h century The book is organised into four chapters. Cornish was spoken over most of Kemow, It begins with an important introduction possibly as far east as the Tamar in places. where the author explains the tribal and In 1602 it was reported that English hath clannish organisation of the old native driven the same into the uttermost skirts of Galician society which was called the sh ire . In the face of persecution it “Gallaecia" by the Romans. The author seems that the I61h century saw Cornish particularly explains the symbol “zo" cease to be passed on by parents to their appearing on the Roman inscriptions of children over much of the country. Gallaecia. In July 1999 the Prayer Book War and Chapter l is concerned with the Roman the subsequent Cornish Holocaust were vision of the native inhabitants of Gallaecia. marked by a march from Bodmin to Exeter described as people of obstinate and and die planting of 900 Cornish flags in the barbarous temperament, in contrast to the lawn in front of Exeter cathedral. Roman world and civilization. We also find in this chapter the report given by Strabo in Robat ap Tomos his ’‘Geography” which is the most important report of the classical period. Chapter 3 is a study of personal native Chapter 2 deals with the integration of names found in Lhe inscriptions and related "Gallaecia" in the and the to “z>" groups. This is a very interesting use of native institutions, political and chapter as the great majority of these territorial divisions by the Roman persona! names are traceable to Celtic administration. origin and linked with those of the Roman provinces called Lusitania, Celtiberia. Britannia and Gallia. It is also noteworthy that a good amount of them are explained with references to Old Irish and to Brittonic (Welsh, Breton and Cornish). The place- names related to these tribal groups with the symbol "r>” are also explained with the help of the Celtic languages. Chapter 4 is concerned with the study of the ancient society of Gallaecia, its organisation, its structures with large references to the Old Irish society', tales and It is a very pleasant magazine to read and new Cornish magazine is bom! An myths. an open-minded one as far as Cornish Balures (in English - The Chough) Throughout the book, there are large spelling is concerned since you will find Ais North America’s first periodical footnotes, some illustrations with articles and Cornish lessons written in the in and ahnut the Cornish language. Its aims photographs of “castros” (Galician hill- different spellings. I warmly recommend are to promote the Cornish language in forts) and sculptures of warriors found in this new magazine to learners of Cornish North America and to support learners and these castros and as an appendix, all the since they will find valuable lessons and to speakers of Cornish both in North America inscriptions found in Galicia and referred to fluent speakers of Cornish since they will and overseas in whatever Cornish in the book. find good original Cornish writing. If you orthography they use. i.e. Kerncwek I think it is a very valuable and want more information about Art Balores Kemmyn, Unified Cornish, Unified interesting book, but alas the book is please contact: Cornish Revised or Modem Cornish. w'ritten in Galician; a language unknown to • Benjamin Bruch (A Kernewek Kemmyn Articles deal with information about the the great majority of members of the Celtic user). P.O. Box 391804, Cambridge. history of the language, its literature, League. You can obtain a copy of this book MA 02139-0018. USA. e-mail: language lessons at all skill levels in at the following address: Libraria Couceiro. [email protected] Kernewek Kemmyn. Unified Cornish or Rep. De El Salvador. 9, 15701 Santiago De • Brian Young (A Unified Cornish user). Unified Cornish Revised, a calendar of Compostela, Galicia (Via Spain) phone 56- 1227 N 10th Street. Enid. OK 73701, upcoming events in North America and 58-12, fax 57-22-39 Cornwall, book reviews and original USA, e-mail: [email protected]. José CALVETE Cornish writing. José CALVETE Language Advances

Chaghnoaylleeaght-Fysseree • Following a suggestion by Anne Cain, Member of the Board of Education, the Department of Ayns Nalbin Education is to investigate the feasibility of running induction courses into the culture and a British Telecom chebbal cronneyder (scanner images) ta feer vaghtal heritage of Mann for new kianglaghyn noa-emshyragh da gys thieyn-lhcihvs er y cheer vooar. Foddee employees to the Island. Ms Cain TGaeltaght Nalbin. Bee ny ny jallooyn-cronncyder shoh ve jeant lesh asked that the Dept, make the kianglaghyn shoh frauaigyn reayrtoil (optic scellyn-X. mynrenyrtan ny cronneyder CT. courses compulsory, however Mr fibres). Foddee fysseree (data) goll trooid As ta Oik Nalbin kiarail lhiasaghey Rodan. Education Minister, felt Iheid ny kianglaghyn shoh tappee agglagh. moggyl-lhee ry-hoi dellal rish kahngyr ny that the courses should not be as foddee frauaigyn goaill foddev ny shlee h-oohraghyn. T’ad kiarail kiangley y compulsory. This suggestion chaghteraghtyn na strengyn metal. moggyl-lhee lesh ynnyd-chahngyr ayns should be applauded, as new Gobbraghey lesh chaghnoaylleeaght noa. Glaschu. teachers, in particular, would goll rish co-earrooderyn* oddagh shoh Lheid y scrutaghey foddey jeh. shoh benefit greatly from an early cooney dy mooar lesh sleih ta cummal ayns ta BT ronsaghey dy jeean. Myr introduction to the distinct culture ny h-ellanyn Albinagh as ayns y thalloo sampleyr, ta’n colught lhiasaghey culleeyn of Mann. At present such courses sleitagh er y cheer vooar Albinagh. Oddagh vees cur yn ablid da fir-lhee ayns tliic- are run for civil servants. y Ghacltaghl Albinagh Iheim dy jeeragh Iheihys er y cheer vooar feddyn magh vel dys eash y dellal lectraneagh (dellal-l) as doghan ennagh jannoo er peiagh er ellan oddagh sleih ayns shen creek cooid oc ennagh. Er yn ellan bee sambyl jeh fuill y • The Manx Heritage Foundation Iiorish yn Eddyr-Voggyl. pheiagh currit stiagh ayns saagh beg er- (MHF), which aims to identify Erskyn ooilley, ta sleih guee dy nod ad lhch vees kianlt gys co-earrooder. Hed y unique areas of Manx heritage cur bree noa da’n Ghaeltaght Albinagh as sambyl-follev er mynscrutaghey as bee y and culture and find practical croo startaghyn feeu son sleih aeg ayns fysseree currit er aght lectraneagh gys fir- ways of making them relevant to shen. Son yinmodee sheciogheyn. shen y lhee cr y cheer vooar dy yceaghyn er. Eisht, todayis society, gave grants chooid smoo ta’n Ghaeltaght cur da’n nee ny fir-lhee cur faaishnys-enn totalling £107,008 during the teihll: fcallagh aeg ta eginit faagail y cheer (diagnosis). Lhiasaghey-slaynt elley. shen previous year. oc hcnc as goll feiy ny cruinncy shirrey culleeyn oddys mynscrutaghey ennal, daalt obbyr. Gyn ourys. va Ventyrys y yn chrackan. k iarki 1-sooi 1 ley as One of the most important Ghaeltaght (Highlands and Islands oesaidaghey (oxidation) yn chrackan. elements of the foundation's work Enterprise) braew bvvooiagh tra haink Ayns Islay, y red smoo scanshoil bentyn is to encourage the use of the British Telecom hue er y gherrid rish y chaghnoaylleeaght noa shoh. shen dy Manx language. lesh y treealtys dy chooney lesh vod ee cur ablid da sleih ayns Islay jannoo During the past year Mooinjer chaghnoaylleeaght noa. Agh cha nel BT coorseyn-ynsee gyn faagail yn ellan. Veggey, the Manx language pre­ son eeck dy chooilley nhee: ta BT laccal ny Foddee ad goaill ymmyd jeh scyraaidvn- school playgroup, received boodecyssyn ynnydagh (local ynsee (teaching facilities) ayns funding and a scheme to promote communities) as y reiltys Goaldagh dy eeck ollooscoillyn as ad tannaghtyn er yn ellan a programme of creative writing paart jeh’n chostys. oc hene. Oddagh studeyryn ayns Islay in Manx was introduced. The My vecs ny kianglaghyn shoh jeant, bee geaislitagh rish as jeeaghyn er leaghtyn- MHF was also involved in many sleih abyl dy chur ny troars'n oc roish yn ollooscoill veagh goll er livrey er y cheer publications during the year. teihll er yn Eddyr-Voggyl as creek ny vooar. Ta treealtys ayn dy neeckagh ny troaryn shen. Chammah as shen, bee studeyryn shoh lesh ’meegra-chooinagyn’ Future plans include the ellance Albinagh abyl dy insh da'n teihll dy (‘micro-tokens’). Veagh ny studeyryn reih establishment of a dedicated vel ny h-ellanyn oc ayn as dy vishaghey ny leaghtyn daue hene. Cha nod ooilley y Manx Gaelic writer in residence dellal-turrysid. Ny sodjey na shen, oddagh stoo shoh ve jeant mannagh vel linnaghyn- and the construction of a website. Shirveish Slaynt Nalbin sauail argid mooar fysseree ry-gheddyn oddys livrey ra er y fa nagh beagh er ass-layntee ellanagh fysseree ec yn un cheavrt. Shen y fa dy vel getlagh dys y cheer vooar lesh shilley er ny frauaigyn-reayrtoil cho scanshoil. Ta fir-lhee coyrlee. Oddagh fir-lhee coyrlee er sleih guee dy jean ny frauaigyn shoh cur y cheer vooar Albinagh scrutaghey ass- cooney daue dy chur Gaeltaght Nalbin Sum m ary stiagh ayns cree yn Oarpey as freayll y layntee ayns ny h-ellanee Iiorish culleeyn- British Telecom is proposing high-speed chellveeish. Ta Iheid ny cullceyn shen cultoor dooghyssagh ec yn un cheavrt. Ta optic fibre communication links to help gobbraghey hannah eddyr Elian Arran as Sabhal M6r Ostaig syn Ellan Skianagh regenerate the Highlands and Islands oj thieyn-lheihys er y cheer vooar. She BT goaill aym mooar ayns ny h-immeeaghtvn Scotland. hug ny culleevn fo read ayns Arran. Foddee shoh. yn unnid ayns shen cur jallooyn- Brian Stovll New Network Monitors Radiation Threat

ew radiation detectors installed by the Manx government will provide N added security and advance warning of any nuclear threat to communities, in the Isle of Man. Scotland, Ireland and N. England. The Celtic League have welcomed the installation by the of a new network of radiation monitoring devices at various locations on the Isle of Man. The new equipment will enhance the Anne Kissack. Phil Gawrte and children Ewan and Catreenev warning available to people around the Irish sea of any nuclear radiation threat posed. The equipment will be connected to U/h en M i. n b ecom es M il nnin, a central analyst’s Department in the Islands capital. Information will be on Irelan d s RTE leleu isin n received, and audible and visual alarms triggered, if their are any abnormally high Mention the Isle of Man to most Irish Leargas included interviews with Mark readings and the Island authorities will be people, and they will imagine a tax haven Kermode. Chairman of ; with immediately aware of any emergency which runs motorbike races, an ‘offshore' , language development situation. island where money can be sheltered from officer, and with his wife Anne Kissack; One of the detectors will be sited on scrutiny. But this autumn, on 21 with Dr Brian Stowell, academic and Snaefell the islands highest peak which is September. RTE 1 Television broadcast a former language education officer; and immediately adjacent to the Sellafield half-hour documentary in the L ea rg a s with . Chief Minister and reprocessing plant. Another will be sited at series, which looked behind the member of the island’s Tynwald Ramsey in the north of the Island which is stereotypes to examine the identity and (parliament). The issues raised and the the closest centre of population on the self-image of Manainn. The programme places illustrated would be unfamiliar to Island to the BNFL complex. included interviews in Manx and in Irish, most Irish television viewers, and in a The Island, like parts of Eastern Ireland, and was subtitled in English. half-hour programme, many of them were was severely effected by the fire at Global finance versus native culture, dealt with only briefly. But the programme Sellafield in the mid fifties at that time the loyalty to versus nationalism, (in a series which regularly attracts at least British government kept details of the survival for a small country of 70,000 200,000 viewers) should help show a contamination secret for several weeks. people... These were the major issues wider audience that there’s more to The equipment will also be useful for which ran through the programme. How Mannin than bank accounts. monitoring any general radiation threat have the Manx people coped as the huge Leargas on ‘Manainn’ was produced by from the many nuclear installations in the influx of finance workers have made them Anna Heussaff, who got the idea for the United Kingdom which have suffered a a minority in their own island? Have the programme last year from reading Cam’s stream of minor accidents and incidents in incomers been to the benefit or detriment special 100th edition! It was broadcast on recent years. Only last week a serious fire of the Manx language? What are the day- RLE 1, and later repeated on TG4, the occurred at Torness nuclear power plant, in to-day difficulties faced by the small Irish language TV station formerly called East Lothian, although no radiation release number of families now speaking Manx to TnaG. Both RTE and TG4 can be appears to have resulted. their children? What about independence received, it seems in some western areas The League has also recorded its for Mannin in the future? of the Isle of Man. appreciation in a letter to the Manx government of the work of its radiation monitoring section w'hich four years ago “Know Your Customer” - The Russian Mafia? successfully identified the appearance of a new isotope (technetium-99) connected to It comes as no surprise to us who have The scandal involves US and Swiss discharges from the Sellafield plant. Like consistently argued for tighter money banks which, if subsequently proven, will their Irish counterpart the RP1I the Manx laundering legislation that the Isle of Mann put recent Manx government claims to be analyst's keep track of changing radiation seems destined once again to be implicated expanding business with Swiss banking levels in water and soil around the Irish in scandal. International news reports interests in a slightly different light. sea. indicate that the Island may be involved in The origins of the vast sums swindled in The Manx government in common with the multi-billion dollar money laundering this latest scam are also an embarrassment. its Irish counterpart is committed to scandal that has rocked the Russian While much of the total has been skimmed seeking the closure of Sellafield. government. off from public funds - part of the corruption The revelations are also a further knock endemic in Russian political life today - at J B Moffatt for the Islandis puerile money laundering least some of it is said to originate from the Policy “Know your Customer”. lucrative vice trade, which grips Russia. December 1998 and the potential ‘melt-down’ scenario that ensued, b) We call for an independent risk assessment of the potential danger posed by the incident to central Scotland and the surrounding area.

• This AGM: Concerned that restrictions and obstacles are continuously being put by Celtic League AGM Kernow 1999 the (French) Department of Education to the progress being achieved in recent The thirty eighth AGM of the Celtic League was held in the Public Hall. Liskeard. Kernow years in the teaching of Breton in on September 18th . Delegates from five National branches and England branch heard schools. reports from the General Officers and Branches, discussed, and passed the motions listed below. Wishes to express its rejection of the A good level of activity had been achieved throughout the year, but both Chairman and idea that the adoption and General Secretary called on branches to launch a drive for increased membership to ensure implementation of the measures the League would continue as a potent force for inter - Celtic co-operation into the next necessary for the transmission of the millennium, (see also Celtic League Campaigns on page 23.) language to the younger and future generations is dependant on the goodwill and decision of any authority This AGM of the Celtic League: • This AGM: other than that of a democratically Calls upon the Scottish Executive to put Calls upon the UK Government to elected assembly representing the statutory provision in place as soon as return to Scottish control fishing and people to whom that language belongs. possible to ensure that all secondary school territorial sea rights in the area off pupils in Scotland have the choice to learn South East Scotland and urges the Calls on the Regional Council for Gaelic as a modern European language Scottish Executive to actively pursue Brittany to demand, o f the French through the medium of English and to sit this objective. Government and Minister of Education, Standard and Higher Grade Gaelic the delegation of the powers required to Learners’ exams should they wish to do so. ensure that an effective and adequate system of teaching Breton be • This AGM of the Celtic League: established. Calls upon the newly appointed Director-General of the BBC. Greg • This AGM condemns the UK and Dyke, upon the newly appointed head French Governments’ decision not to of the BBC Broadcasting Council for recognise Kernow and Rreizh Scotland, Sir Robert and upon respectively under the provisions of the the Controllers of BBC Scotland and ‘European Charter for National BBC Wales to ensure: Minotities’.

a) that ‘Scottish Six’ and ‘Welsh Six' • We call upon the UK and French national and international news Governments to recognise Kernow and programmes are established Breizh under the provisions of the immediately. Charter. We also call upon the European b) that Radio nan Gaidheal be made Commission to re-examine the policy of available throughout Scotland allowing Member States to define who within 2 years. should be recognised as a ‘National c) that funding to Radio nan Gaidheal Minority’. be increased immediately to enable an increase in hours broadcast. • This AGM condemns the decision of the d) that Radio nan Gaidheal and Radio Alasdair Mac Caluim, a Scottish delegate Irish Government not to hold a Cymru be broadcast on satellite and referendum on Irish membership of PIP on the Internet for the benefit of and calls on the major partner in Gaelic and Welsh speakers and Government to honour its traditional commitment to Irish neutrality and to learners world-wide. • This AGM of the Celtic League objects meet its pre-election pledge of holding a strongly to BNFL proposals for referendum on Irish participation in PIP. * This AGM supports the creation of a shipment of toxic enriched uranium digital Gaelic television channel as through the Irish Sea and calls on the • This organisation calls on the organisers recommended by the Fraser report, but Irish and Manx Governments to take of the long standing Irish/Scottish calls upon BBC Scotland and upon the legal action to prevent this. Scottish ITV companies to ensure that (Gaeilge/Gàidhlig) cultural exchange to broaden this to include participation Gaelic programmes are also shown on • This AGM: from and visits to the Isle of Man and their digital English language channels a) Calls for full publication of encourages the Manx Heritage given the vital role which Gaelic documents relating to the Foundation to support and aid the television has played in bringing Gaelic emergency shutdown of Hunterston funding from their side. We also to the attention of non-Gaelic speakers. B power station in Ayrshire in suggest to the GAA to investigate the Welcomes the release of the 23 leaders of Herd Batasuna and ihe relaxing of restrictions on the free Basque media. The Celtic League call on the Spanish government to reach agreement with the Basque people which allows their self determination within Europe.

• The Celtic League calls for International condemnation of the repression of minorities currently administered by the Indonesian government particularly the peoples of East Timor, Irian Java and Aceh.

CELTIC LEAGUE INTERNET SiTE

http://www.manxman.co.im/cleague/ e-mail General Secretary: b. [email protected]. im e-mail Assistant G.S. mk«rmode@mcb. net

feasibility of extending their b) No person holding Public Office in / exchanges to the Island. Mannin should accept any honours, titles or enhancements from any • ThisAGM: jurisdiction outside Mannin while Condemns the failure of the British holding such Office, government to live up to de­ e) No Civil Servant or Officer of the commissioning commitments in the Manx government will accept any To members and Good Friday Agreement particularly in post or duties that may result in a subscribers. Celtic League the border areas of N. Ireland and conflict of loyalties or interest with South Armagh. their duty to the elected Manx international Branch We call on the British government to government. end the refurbishment and reconstruction of installations in these • This AGM: lan Heusaff regrets to say, that areas and call for a full environmental Recalling the resolution of the Celtic due to health problems, he is impact study into the long term League’s Caernarfon AGM which Aobi iged to rel inquish most of his pollution and potential environmental condemned the supply by the United duties as branch secretary and sub­ health problems caused by these Kingdom to Indonesia of Hawk aircraft editor of the Breizli section of C a m . fortifications. and the training of Indonesian Fortunately Mark Lockerby. address personnel using facilities in Cymru and 20 King Williams’s Way, Castletown. • ThisAGM: off Mannin. The Celtic League Mannin/Isie of Man, has agreed to Reiterates its support for the Irish welcomes the initiative taken by the take over from him, at first as assistant Peace Process based on the Good Isle of Man Chief Minister in raising secretary. Subscribers who are paid up Friday Agreement and urges this issue with the British government. will continue to receive their copies of implementation by the parties and the C a m from Brid Heusaff until their Irish and British Governments. • The AGM of the Celtic League: subscriptions have expired. They will a) supports calls by Irish then be asked to send the required • This AGM expresses support for the Community Groups in England payment to Mr. Lockerby. However Cornish Stannary Parliament in its for a full public enquiry into the subscribers in Ireland should demand that a Cornish organisation death of Richard O'Brien in preferably renew their subscriptions takes charge of Cornish cultural and police custody in London in with the Irish Branch Secretary, historical sites. Signs, which bear the 1994". Fionnbarra Mac Tnianfhir (address name of the organisation, English b) urges an investigation by the page 24 C am ). Heritage are out of place on Cornish Home Secretary into allegations Alan wishes to state that he will find national monuments. that anti-Irish racism is 'rife in the Metropolitan Police”. it difficult to answer letters. He hopes that members and subscribers who • This AGM supports the principle that: have shown unremitting support for a) No person holding any Public • This AGM: the work of the Celtic League and for Office in Mannin should be Mindful of the resolution of our 1998 C a m in particular will continue to do required to offer or swear any AGM which criticised the Spanish so In future. allegiance to any authority or body government for its repression of the having jurisdiction outside Mannin. Basque National Party. Herd Batasuna. CELTIC LEAGUE assistance to the family’s campaign to provide support considerable time Commercial Threat CAMPAIGNS expended on this. 12) Nuclear waste disposal at sea in the To language Extract from the General Secretary s 1950s uncovered details of this Report previously unknown situation 13) Support for peace process N. Ireland and Basque country. T he proposal, currently mooted, to R eaders and members will be 14) Nuclear shipments - Barrow incident allot the frequency of Gaelic interested to get a back stage publicity pushed out. broadcaster Radiò ha Life to a glimpse of the campaign work 15) MOD pollution issue S Wales - commercial operator is being opposed bv carried out by the General Secretary cross reference SAFRC. the Celtic League, it also seems likely (supported by the branches) during the 16) Arms trade and exploitation of third that an appeal from the League to cultural year. world - various press releases, letters and language organisations throughout During the year (to June) postal etc. the six Celtic countries will gather mailings and tax messages (mainly press 17) Support (in the form of letters- considerable support. releases) were sent. The press mailing & press releases) various third world Raidió na Life has been an extremely fax figures are broadly in line with movements (Asia, Africa, L successful operator, expanding its previous years and total approx. 1500 America). broadcast base to service the Gaelic (combined). This level of communication 18) Protest to the Israeli Embassy and speaking community in the Dublin area. is time consuming but it does ensure that correspondence with the UN and It epitomises what Celtic linguists and centrally the organisation has a visible Irish governments over UNIFIL language organisations want to see. profile deaths. which is development of community Publicity has accrued, as in previous 19) SAFRC - Considerable based broadcast facilities which avail of years, with good coverage both from the correspondence MOD, RPII. NRPB, the new opportunities in broadcasting print and broadcast media for the Leagues Irish government, TD. NIO. Press today. campaigns. Coverage in 1998/99 period information, preparation of Ironically, as other Celtic countries face was reasonable and in addition to leaflets/posters. a rising tide of pressure to expand targeting main National media, local and During the course of the year two broadcasting facilities the Irish regional media sources were included. opportunities arose for the Genreal broadcasting authorities seem to want to The main subjects covered in press Secretary to travel to Eire when he spoke court a cultural rights controversy that releases were as follows: at a rally in S. Armagh in February and they will not win. 1) Humboldt Chair of Celtic Studies - was also a guest speaker for the Irish The Celtic League has written to Celtic countries and Germany. branch at a meeting arranged in Trinity political leaders including the Taoiseach 2) Sellafield wide range of press College in the early summer. urging a rethink of the Hawed proposal. releases focusing on S/field The above only cover some of the topics problems and the British nuclear addressed. J B Moffatt Industry' generally. 3) Gaelic and Celtic languages - a range of publicity. 4) Beaufort Dyke and the sea dumping of munitions this issue surfaced periodically 5) Military low Hying - Continues to generate good and effective publicity with good take-up by local media (mid Wales. SW Scotland, Highlands) 6) Various issues relating to N. Ireland including the McBride killing. Dirty War.RUC. (S. Armagh - see 19) etc. 7) Basques implementation of AGM resolutions. 8) RI-712 ongoing from previous years - Continued interest and publicity. 9) Finance Sector (Dublin & Mann) IV1ANX PATRIOTS HONOURED continuing campaign. Good The Manx Branch of the Celtic League Morrison who died in 1917. A wreath in publicity accrued following the and the Ramsey Manx class, under the the form of the Three l.egs was laid on her arrest of Charles Redmond on a tutelage of Freddie Cowle. have organised grave in Peel cemetery. Above shows Bight from the lOM to Dublin with a number of wreath-laying ceremonies - to Freddie Cowle who addressed those who over £300.000 run throughout the year - to pay tribute to attended the service. 10) Language issues various those who played a significant part in A series of booklets commemorating the communications and press preserving the Manx language. The work of each of the Manx patriots have statements - In this area excellent ceremonies are arranged to coincide w ith been produced for the wreath-laying cooperation between the Alba the centenary of Yn Cheshaght Ghailckach. ceremonies by the Manx Branch. The branch and the General Secretary. The Manx Language Society. booklets arc available from the General 11) Loss of MFV Amber Rose Among those remembered was Sophia Secretary at £1 (inc. p&p). Membership and Subscriptions Irish O em ociuc All those who agree with the j For news, analysis, reviews, features, and an independent voice constitution and alms of the Celtic League \ arc eligible for membership. The \ Published continuously membership fee (including C a m ) and j since 1939, the Irish Annual Subscription Rates (six issues) subscription rates are IR£ 10; Stg£10: j Democrat is the bi-monthly £5.50 Britain I enclose a cheque 100FE or US$20.00 (US funds, cheques j journal of the CorwioDy £10.00 Solidarity subscription (payable to “Connolly drawn on a US bank). Europe Stg.£!0 j Association which £8.00 Europe (airmail) Publications Ltd”) outside Europe Stg.£I3.00 airmail. campaigns for a united and £11.00 USA/Canada (airmail) /postal order for For information about the Celtic i independent Ireland and £12.00 Australia (airmail) £______League contact secretaries: the rights of the Irish in Please send me a free tnal copy LD (tick box) ALBA Risnidh Mag Aoidh. 16/1 ! Britain. Regular McCleod Street. Gorgie. Edinburgh. ' Name______contributors include the EHII 2NQ. e-mail : louise@nicleoid. | respected Celtic historian Address. freeserve.co.uk Peter Berresford Ellis whose I3RE1ZH Jukez Derouct, 14 Hent | regular column Am ort u Send to: Connolly Publications Ltd, Kemper, 29700 Plugilen/ Pluguffan. { A nail has been a feature of 244 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8JR Brittany. the paper for over ten years. CYMRU Robat ap Tomos, II Heol j Gordon, Y Rhath, Caerdydd, CF2 3AJ. EIRE Fionnbarra Mac Treanfhir, I Tuama Dubh. Buirgheas. O’n DnSna. i Co. Ceatharlach. K.ERNOW Martyn Miller. 10 Trewartha 1 Ar Bed Keltiek Court. Pound Street. Liskeard. M eC VANNÍ MANNIN Cristl Jerry. 6 Glenfaba Road. | C-SHWCS Peel. Tel: UK (0) 1624 843869. on line books, records, Celtic art, ENGLAND BRANCH Florence Kenna. { 72 Compton Street, London, ECIV J Kemper: 02.98.95.42.82 Latest design, two colours 0BN. Brest: 02.98.44.05.38 USA Margaret Sexton, c/o P.O. Box j http://vwAv.arbedkeltiek.com on grey 20153. Dag Hatnmarshjold Postal i e-bost: [email protected] Limited edition Centre, New York. NY 10017. INTERNATIONAL BRANCH Alan I bernez .abk@eu robretag ne.fr ¿8,50 including p&.p Heusaff. Seana Gharrain, An Spideal. i . Co. na Gaillimhc, Eire. Sizes M. Lor €\L Note: Ar Bed Keltiek (2 Sir. ar CTAP BREATAINN G. May, Margaree \ Harbour, Nova Scotia BOE 2BO. Roue Gralon, 29000 Kemper), Cheques to: ISIS The General Secretary and P.R.O. of the j uses the term e-bost in preference Celtic League is Bernard Moffatt. 11 j I M a r k Kermode to e-mail, like the Welsh. When Hilltop View. Farmhill, Braddan, j 22,3rd Avenue, Onchcm, Mannin. phoning from abroad, omit the 0 isle of Man Tel-UK (0) 1624 627128 in the prefix. The Editor is Ms P. Bridson.33 Ceide na i Grianoige. Rath Cuil, Co. Alha Cliath, i Eire. Articles for Carn may be sent on disk i in Apple/IBM for Microsoft Word/Works ! or Word Perfect along with hard copy, j faxed to + 353 I - 458 9795. or e-mailed j to: [email protected] Origingal photographs must be } forwarded. CELTIC LEAGUE INTERNET SITE Our next deadline for material for Carn j is 1st November 1999. Articles sent for j publication in Carn must relate to our i http ://www. manxman. co. im/cleag u e l aims, and should be typed. All materials i Independent Scots read the ‘Scots . copyright © Carn unless otherwise stated i Independent’ The views expressed in Carn are not i e-mail General Secretary: necessarily those of the editor nor of the ' Contact | Celtic League. 51 Cowane Street I b. moffatt@ad vsy s ,co. im Leagan amach: C Ni Bhreartuin 1 Stirling FK8 IJW | Peanntrdnaic Teo., BAC 16. Eire. Alba/Scotlnnd e-mail Assistant G.S. Printers: Elo Press, Rialto, Dublin 8. Telephone [email protected] Stirling 01786 473523 : . ; ISSN 0257-7860 I______i______j

24 C arn No. 108 Winter 1999-2000 £2.00

J. Mannin

ALBA: C O M U N N A TRIBUTE TO Breizh CEILTEACH • BREIZH: KEVRE KELTIEK • CYMRU: UNDEB ALAN HEUSAFF CELTAIDD • EIRE: 0 RIP CONRADH CEILTEACH • KERNOW: KESUNYANS 1921-1999 KELTEK • MANNIN: COMMEEYS CELTIAGH A lan Heusaff, a founder member and Pearse Award for his service to the ideals long time General Secretary of the of Padraig Pearse. Celtic League passed away in While he worked assiduously for his Galway on 3rd November 1999. adopted country, he never ceased to Alan was born in Sant-Ivi, Comoualle in promote the Breton language and to Briezh. lie was a native Breton speaker and support the struggle of his native country only learnt French when he went to school. for independence from France. In the Alan also spoke Irish. Gaelic, Welsh, I960/70s Alan ran Breton language classes German and English fluently and had a very in Dublin. He was one of the most prolific good grasp of the other Celtic languages. journalists in Breton, editing Argoad. a With a strong sense o f cultural and Breton news bulletin, and Breton News. He A Sad Loss For political awareness of the colonial position was a frequent contributor to Breton of his country, Alan was active in cultural language magazines including: Hor Yezh, movements in his youth and joined the Galv, Breman, Gwaiarn, Arvor, an Amzer. Hie Celtic League Breton National Party in 1938. He dedicated and Al Liarnrn. He spent most of his later his energies to securing independence for years involved in the preparation of Geriadur Brezhoneg. a pioneering Breizli. He saw the goal of cultural, social It is with great sadness that I find myself Breton/Breton dictionary (1995). He also and economic independence as essential for with the job of compiling this tribute in published an important work on the Breton the survival of the Breton people. Alan was Cam to Alan. language of his native area - Geriaoueg one of the most prominent Breton I have worked closely with Alan since Sant-Ivi (1996). His memoirs, in Breton, nationalists of this century. joining the League in 1974 and even more are due to be published in the near future. In 1943 Alan, aged twenty-two, joined so since taking on the post of Editor in The Celtic League, an inspiration of the Bez.en Perrot. a Breton military unit, to 1985. Alan's, was formed in Rhos in Wales on fight for Breton independence. Alan, like 1 found Alan's help and guidance in August 9, 1961. Alan was elected General many other youthful Bretons at that time, compiling Carn invaluable. I wms Secretary and held the post until 1984. saw an opportunity to end the French devastated when I heard that he had died - I When he retired from that post lie became occupation of Brittany once and for all. had lost a friend and mentor. International Secretary of the League, a French hostility towards the Breton Since Carn was first published in 1973 position he held until his death. He was movement at the end of World War Two Alan has been a major contributor in all involved in the establishment of The Celtic forced Alan to leave Breizli, along with other issues. Alan always ensured that there was League Journal, published annually in the members of the Bezen Perrot, to eventually enough material to fill the Breizh section 1960s — early 70s and with the publication settle in Ireland. It was not only the Bezen and also sent in additional material to use of Cum magazine from its beginnings in Perrot that was singled out for harsh elsewhere in Carn. His articles are 1973. In 1984 the Celtic League, in treatment, but the entire Breton movement. testament to his deep understanding and recognition for his work for the League, Imprisonment without trail, executions, ill knowledge on all aspects relating to the published For a Celtic Future - A Tribute treatment and suppression of basic human Celtic movement. to Alan Heusaff. Alan also received rights caused an international outcry against Carn will be poorer without Alan's recognition for his dedication to the Celtic the French regime at that time. excellent coverage of events in Brittany, movement when he was made a Bard at the Alan was sentenced to death in absentia which could always be relied on for Eisteddfod in Cymru in 1986. by the French State. Nearly thirty years accuracy and continuity. Political, Alan through his involvement in the after, he was to benefit from an amnesty educational and cultural developments etc Celtic League was involved especially with from the French government, but like many in Brittany were meticulously chronicled in the Celtic language movements, always of the other Breton refugees. Alan did not Carn. A rich source of information for emphasising the absolute importance of the return to Brittany to live because the those interested in learning about Brittany. national language and culture to countries French State was still as repressive as ever We hope to work towards building up on that were seeking self-determination. This to the Breton national movement. the contacts Alan established, in order that did not. however, preclude him from On settling in Ireland Alan, who had the Breizh section will retain the high establishing informal links with the Celtic trained as a primary teacher after leaving standard set by Alan. movements in Galicia and Asturies, and school, studied maths/physics at University Many tributes and articles have arrived with La Lig3 Celta de Argentina. Wherever College. Galway, where he met his wife, in. I have endeavoured to include a variety an interest in the Celtic movement was Brid Ni Dhochartaigh. from the Fanaid of articles to indicate the loss felt by Celts shown, Alan worked to build on that Gaeltacht in Donegal, from whom he learnt worldwide. Unfortunately, there is not interest: encouraging groups in Poland and his Irish. enough space to include all, some have as far away as Japan and Australia, to name On graduation Alan joined the Irish been edited to show the many different but a few. Alan’s influence, internationally, Meteorological service and in 1958 he and aspects of Alan’s achievements, while is evidenced by the tributes that continue to Brid moved to Dublin. Irish became the some indicate the personal influence Alan flow in, all expressing the sad sense of loss medium of the Heusaff family of four had on friends and acquaintances. felt by groups who kept in touch with the daughters and two sons. Alan, like Brid, 1 would like to thank Brid for giving a Celtic movement through A Ian. became a member of good selection of photographs to include in Alan was a tireless campaigner for the and they were involved in the this issue. Celtic countries and built a formidable establishment of Na Teaghlaigh Ghaclacha. My sincere condolences to Brid and the reputation for the Celtic League on both an an organisation for Irish-speaking families, family. inter Celtic and International basis - a in 1960. In 1986. the then Irish President. P.A. Bridson Dr. Patrick Hillary, presented Alan with the legacy we have to ensure is built upon. Kenavo Alan

E-kerzh an haiìv 1965 em eus kejet gant Alan Heusaff evil ar wezh kcntañ tamm pe damm dre zegouezh. Va eil beaj en Ivverzhon e oa. Pedet e oan bet d'ober un droiad e Dulenn da weladenniñ Róisin Ni Shé ha Séainas Ó Tuama he gwaz. Louis Feutren, Neven Henaff, Alan and Yann Goulet laying a wreath at the 1966 Jubilee mignoned Mari-Jo Marot un emsaverez Commemoration o f the 1916 Irish uprising. kalonck gcnidik eus Douamenez a zalc’he ur stai are en Naoned. Ile sctu me kouviet kevredadelourien. pe zoken rannvroelourien didro evit dont a-benn da lakaat ar Stad A Loss for da vont du-se ha da chom diwezhat diouzh C’hall da blegafl war draoü diazez evel an noz o c’hortoz distro o bugale hag o Unvanidigezh Breizh, an deskiñ hag ar Brittany and the c’heneiled Itoli anezho kanerien. dañserien. c’helenn dre ar Brezhoneg. kelenn hon istor pe sonerien mod hverzhon. Pedet oa bet memez ma ne oa kel greet re vat° ha ma oa ivez Alan ha Brid e wreg. Dav eo en anzav Breton Language evit daspugn ar brasañ niver a VTeizhiz ne c voen bamet ganto. Un den hegarat kenafl oa ket discblant war ar c'hudennoü a prest da selaou. da gompren. ha gouiziek gevredigezh. Ar re o deus lennet aketus ar war un do. En e vleud e oa e-touesk an holl It was with great sadness that 1 learnt of c’helaouenn “Ar Bed Keltiek" o deus bet tro iwerzhonegerien a oa eno en ur gomz the death of Alan Heusaff on November d’en em rentaft kont. Betek e varv e chontas ouzhin c brezhoneg pe e galleg a- 3rd. I can think of no one in the world who war evezh war pep degouezhadenn e Breizh. wezhioùigoù rak ne oan ket barrek da has done more than Alan to make Brittany o kas pennadoü d’ar c ’helaouennoü doullafl kaoz nemet e brezhoneg d’ar rnare- and the Breton language known outside brezhonek, o reiñ e skoazell evit se. Bet on bet 3 gwezh c ’hoazh da Vro- Brittany. studiadennoii, o lakaat emsaverien Vreizh da Iwcrzhon e 1966, 1967 ha 1968, hag e I met Alan IleusaiT just twice, both times c’houzout petra c’hoarvezhe er Broioii 1970 ec'h asantcn da vezañ sckretour very briefly. I remember almost nothing of keltiek all” Dispar eo bet evit al labour-se er Skourr Breizh ar C’hevre Keltiek diwar e my first meeting in Dublin in December bloavczhiou 70, d'hon lakaat amañ c Breizh c’houlenn. Spisaat a ris aval dezhañ ne vin 1978 when I was in Ireland over the da reiñ sikour d'an Norzh-Iwerzhoniz0 ha nemet ur sekretour da c’hortoz0 hag e voen Christmas holidays. My second meeting dont a rae e labour da glokaat lizhiri ha sekretour evit 9 bloaz! was in New York when Alan spoke at the troc'hadennoti kelaouennoú a gase din ingal Eveljust hon eus bel tro da gomz diwar- 10th Anniversary Conference of the US Cathal Ó Luain. benn-perzh an Emsav e-pad an eil Brezel- Branch of the Celtic League in May 1983. Eveljust e rac Alan kemend-all evit reiñ Bed. Ne voe ket distroñs tamm ebeti Mei It was a very busy day and he was guest of sikour d’ar Vreizhiz toullbac’het0 un dra a zo sur e lusk pouezusañ dezhañ e- honour with many people to meet. I never D’am soñj e oa e bal kcntañ lakaat Breizh unan hag eus a-bell, e oa e garantez evil got to know Alan personally, but I

Extracts from the Obituary Notice by Lois Kuter, Editor, Bro Neves (Newsletter o f the US Branch o f the International Committee fo r the Defence o f the Breton Language.)

Alan Heusaff... có-bhrón on mheur Alba...

Tha mulad. tha mulad lion mhuiad ro mhórsinn establishment of an archive for Celtic Over the years in working closely with League material in the University of Alan one saw his dedication to his own Nuair a cliaidh sinn agus an Spidéal aim Aberystwth in Wales and had sent most of Breton language and culture, to his adopted an Eirinn air an siathamh latha den his collection of papers there already. Irish and to the general inter Celtic cause. Shamhain bha sinn a' dol a chur Unfortunately, I was literally on the other In spite of his lifelong work for the Celtic blàlh-fhleasg* air an uaigh aig Alan side of the world and was not able to be League and the Breton language he not Heusaff aig an liodhlacadh aige. present at his funeral to express my only learnt Irish and raised an Irish O nach robh ar gaol dùrachadh aige air sympathy in person to his good wife Brid, his speaking family with Brid but was active sgath dualachais is neo-eisimeileachd nan six children and their families. In the also in promoting and working for the Irish duthchannan Cheilteach. circumstances then 1 was very glad that so language. Over the course of many years he Bha fios againn gum bi e cuide ruinn ann many of the General Council officers of the was active in Conradh na Gaeilge. attended an spiorad hhon a bha fios aige gum bi sinn Celtic League were able to attend his numerous Ard Fheiseanna and partook in a dileas don bhrosnachadh a rione e cho obsequies and that delegations attended from variety of campaigns. dùrachadh air son na sia nàiseanan other Celtic countries. Breton and Irish airs Alan expended considerable effort in Cheilteach againn. were played at the requiem mass. The coffin establishing the Celtic League and putting Ni sinn co-bhròn leis an teaghlach aige was draped in the Breton flag and the Breton it on a sound footing. He remained a major bhon a tha gaol is urram ró-mhór againn air national anthem was played at the graveside influence in the debates, developments and cuideachd a-nis is gu brath. by Maire Brcathnach. The graveside orations new directions taken over the decades. *fhleasg (wreath) were given in Irish by Michedl Alan was always the diplomat who Risnidh agus Louise MacAonghusa and in English by the League listened to both sides of a debate and Comann Ceilteach Alba General Secretary, Bernard Moftatt. attempted to achieve a compromise, which (eadar-theangaichte le Gilleasbuig I met Alan and Brid first thirty years ago. still maintained principles. He was a Lachlainn) They came along regularly to A n Burma» copious correspondent and used a consultative style to engage people. He Saibhriocht tir seo na hÉireann go mór i gave freely of his advice to many who mBealtaine na bliana 1950 nuair a thàinig sought it, from students to university Alan Heusaff chun cónaí inár mease. Ba professors, and dispersed much knowledge bhliain acadùil 1950-51 chriochnaigh sé on a range of matters concerning the Celts. cursa céime san fhisic, cursa a raibh tùs When Alan retired as Celtic League curtha aige leis roimhe sin in Ollscoil General Secretary, after some 23 years, it Marburg sa Gheamiàin. was a pleasure to have been associated with Ach tharla rud nios tàbhachtai d’Alan sa the production in his honour of F o r a Aitheasc bhliain chèanna. Chas sé ar Bhrid Ni Celtic Future, a collection of essays many Dhochartaigh. As sin amaeh bhi làmh ag written by those who worked alongside him Brid i ngach a rinne Alan. D'fhoghlaim in the League over the years. The ag an Uaigh Alan Gaeilge go paiteanta agus thóg sé féin suggestion for this came in fact from one of agus Brid seisear clainne le Gaeilge. Sna the younger generation of Bretons. Of caogaidi, sna seascaidi. sna seachtóidl, sna course he took on the onerous task of A Bhrid. a chrol. a Kantilla, Niamh. Anna hochtóidf agus sna nóchaidi ni raibh International Secretary and continued as agus Éadaoin, a Eoghain agus a Dhiarmaid, feachtas Gaeilge ann nach raibh pàirt a Breton sub-editor for the Breton section of is crà croi dùinn uile anseo bhur mbris. bheag nó a mhór ag muintir Heusaff ann. CARN, continuing to write high quality Ba cheart gurbh é cathaoirleach an B’iomdha eagrai imeachta a bhi in ann a ré: material and ensured the Breton section Chonartha Cheiltigh. Cathal Ó Luain, a "Nil fhios agam cé mhéid duine a thioefaidh was always one of the most interesting and dhéanfadh an piosa cainte sco ach ar an ach beidh muintir I leusaff ann." varied in the magazine. drochuair tà sé ar chuairt ghnó san Astràil Ach nior thug Alan cól ar an mBriotàin. Most Bretons who valued their country agus titeann an dualgas ormsa. Ar feadh dhà bhliana, idir 1957 agus 1959 and language made a point, if they visited Is fada an bóthar é ó Sant-Ivi na dhàilti go forleathan sa Bhriotàin iris Ireland, of seeking out his house where Briotàine go dti an uaigh seo i gConamara. Bhriotàinse den teideal A r G oad. Bhi sé ina they, and indeed many from other Celtic Agus is fada an óidéise atà curtha de ag run ag an am gurbh é Alan Heusaff an countries, were always welcomed by Alan Heusaff ó rugadh é in Sant-Ivi in aice foilsitheoir agus an t-eagarthóir. Ar feadh 12 himself. Brid and the family. le Kcmper ar 23 luil 1921. bhliana, 1960-1972, d’fhoilsigh sé Breion Alan had a good sense of humour and Oileadh é ina óige le bheith ina N ew s, nuachtlitir faoi chúrsaí polaitiochta, enjoyed good company. 1 well remember mhùinteoir agus marach tosca na staire eacnamalochta agus cultùir na Briotàine a many a good evening with lively discussion d’fhéadfadh go mbeadh a shaol oibre caite scaipti ar fud an domhain. Is dócha gur shil and the best of hospitality. New Year's Eve aige ina oide scoile in Quimperlé nó àit go leor léitheoiri go raibh foireann mhór of course was special. The house resembled éigin mar é. Nlor éirigh le hAIan riamh agus oifigí àirgiùla ag an gceannàras, 9 the embassy of a Free Brittany on those gothai an mhùinteora a chur de. Bhi sé i Bóthar Chnoc Sion, Droim Chonrach. nights, full of Alan’s contemporaries and gcónai pointeàilte. Bhi abairt anthàin nàr Chinn Alan Heusaff go mbunófai friends and with luck Alan would sing An chualthas riamh ó Alan Heusaff. B’tn an eagraiocht pholaitiùil idir-Cheilteach a Alar’ch before the end of the night! abairt "Déanfadh sé cùis!" Ba shaighdiùir é bheadh ina nasc idir na gluaiseachlai Alan’s loss is great but he has left much Alan tràth den saol. Nior chas mé riamh ar náisiúnta sna tiortha Ceiltcacha. Albain. An after him. Our sympathies go to Brid and fhear a bhi chomh séimh. chornh làch, Bhreatain Bheag, An Bhriotàin, An Corn. his family. Nonas siorrai da anam nasal. ehomh cuirtéiseach le hAIan Heusaff agus Eire agus Manainn. Chuir sé an smani neamh ba nthinic a rith sé liom go raibh sé deacair faoi bhràid daoine sa Bhreatain Bheag agus Cathal 6 Luain a chreidiuint go raibh sé ina shaighdiùir in Albain agus dà thoradh sin bunaiodh an tràth, fiù ina throdaire saoirse. Ach luaigh Conradh Ceilteach ag Rhos-ar-Chrugog, in an sagart ag an aifreann ar maidin - aice le Wrecsam. i Lùnasa 1961 le linn dilscacht, diongbhàilteacht, buanseasmhacht Eisteddfod náisiúnta na bliana sin. Bhi Alan agus, dà ndéarfainn é. diansmacht. ina ardrunai ar an gConradh Cèilteach ó 1961 go 1985. Scriobh sé na milte tuairiScI, meainrain agus litreacha a raibh pointeàltacht agus ardchaighdeàn machnaimh iontu i gcónai. B'Biada uaidh an meon “déanfaidh sé cùis.” Fàgann sé an Conradh Ceilteach agus fis an tsaor-chomhlathais Cheiltigh ina n-oidhreacht againn. Tugadh aitheantas do shaothar Alan Heusaff ar cheithre ócàid le linn a shaoil. D'fhoilsigh an Conradh Ceilteach festschrift den teideal A Celtic Future, curtha in eagar ag Cathal Ó Luain. in órnós dó. Glacadh leis ina chomhalta den chéiin is airde in Gorsedd na Brcataine Bige. Bhronn an tUachtaràn Pàdraig Ó hlrghile Gradam an Phiarsaigh air. thar ceann Fhondùireacht an Phiarsaigh. Agus bronnadh air gradam bliantùil sa Bhriotàin mar aitheantas ar fhcabhas agus ar thàbhacht a scribhneoireacht Bhriotàinisc. A Alan, chaith tu saol an-iomlàn. saol Fiúniach. saol uasal. Tá tú ar ais anois i gcomhluadar louan |L.eonach| agus Neven |Menati] agus na gcomràdaithe eilc ón tràth sin fadó. Kenavo! Breizh A tao1 Micheál Mac Aonghusa Alan, pictured here with Brid. Kantilla. Diarmaid and Anna, receives the Pearse Award from President Ifillery, 1986 Reilg an Chnoic, 6 Samhain 1999 Colio Al an H('usali

A Jan relaxes with Yuann Craff, Breizh Secretary and long-standing friend. Tristwch mawr i'r Undeh Cellaidd oedd y Celtic League AG\1 Cymru, 1097 newyddion am farwolaeth Alan lleusaff ar y 3ydd o Dachwedd, a cholled sylweddol. Bu'n un o sylfaenwyr yr Undcb ym 1961, a Immeasurable loss for Pan Celticism bu'n weilhgar iawn gyda'r mudiad ar hyd y blynyddoedd ers hynny. Yn frodor o Sant- Alan's loss to the League and to the wider Alan had been a supporter of earlier Pan Ivi, Bro-Gerne, Llydaw, ITodd i Iwerddon ar Pan Celtic movement is immeasurable. The Celtic movements, and in 1960 he proposed òl yr Ail Rvfel Byd cr mwyn diane o’r erlid Celtic League was his inspiration and his a more formal structure for Pan Celticists. ‘ milain a fu ar gencdlaetholwyr Llydaw gan dynamism caused the meeting in August. The basic reason why l proposed the setting y Ffrancwyr. Siaradai Lydaweg fcl 1961. at Rhos, in Wales, at which it came up of the organisation to a few mamiaith. ac yn Iwerddon dysgodd into being. His was the firm guiding hand correspondents,' he later wrote to me, ‘was Wyddeleg yn rhugl. Yr oedd ci frwdfrydedd which steered the League during its early that in 1960-61 things were stirring in dros ryddid i’r gwledydd Celtaidd a'u years and formed its diverse components Brittany (farmers in revolt), which led me to hicithoedd yn udiflino, a llwyddai i gadw and differing personalities from the six hope that the (Breton) national movement salbwynt eymedrol a chytbwys bob irò y nations into one cohesive movement that might gain a new momentum. But this byddai anghytgord yn codi yn yr Undeb w'as central to the development of the could lead again to French repression - it yngliylcli rhyw laier dadleuol. modern Celtic consciousness. His place of was important that in such an event, an Robat ap Toinos prominence in the history of the Celtic organisation existed ready to mobilise struggle is assured. international opinion, particularly among Celts anywhere in the world. The idea of an inter Celtic structure should (I thought) appeal to all Celtic nationalists since the Celts - each nation Dhe Alan were numerically small in the modern world and we have enough common points to be able to gain from maximising contacts and cooperation. It would have to Enor bras yw ragov vy skrifa geryovv be nationally minded, commuted to the berr yn kever Alan HEUSAFF. My re languages, neutral in religious matters( not omvetyas ganso yn mis Hwevrer cus to be a vehicle fo r a Celtic religion ‘ either) passyes yn An Spidéul ha my ow spena - capable of rallying people with different dy’goelyow yn Fwerdhon. Gwynn ow bys degouezhel. N ’eus em c’herzh nemet ur views on social matters. It should involve rag henna ! geriadur Kerneveurek-Saoznek. hini its members, bill at the same time aim al Den klor o Aían HEUSAFF na vostya Morton Nance, met n’ein eus ket bet being a link between the national parties bythkwevth yn kever y wriansow ha ezhomm kalz da sellout outafl. aes a-walc’h and organisations of the different sewenyansow. Drcs y vyvvnans yth o ev eo ar yezh evidon da gompren koulz lavaret countries ’ skrifer. treylyer, yethador hag omsavor kement ger ha troienn en danevell. Laouen Alan’s contribution (to the League) was a hag onan a’n hembrenkisi - an brassa e vefen o kaout pennadoù e Kernewek major one. Yet he was essentially a modest hembrenkyas, dell grysav - a KeiBmyn diganil evil Cam.’’ man, a man who never rested on his laurels. dhasserghyans an Omsav keskeEtek! Pur dhe les ova gans treylyansow ha His commitment to a reunited Ireland, for Ytho ni a omvetyas yn An Spidéal yn keschanjyow keskeltek. My re dreylyas self-government for all the Celtic countries, mis Hwevrer eus passyes ha ni re gewsis korsow Kernewek Kemmyn dhe Vretonek moreover for the social, cultural and dhe-hys yn kever an yeth Kernewek. Pur a-gynsow mes soweth ny yll gweles an economic freedoms for all the Celtic dhe les ova gans an yeth Kernewek hag yn treyiyans mal Mes sur ov vy y vos lowen peoples, never wavered. Only a full-length arbennik yn kever Kernewek Kemmyn! gans an treyiyans mal Ker dh’y golonn o biography will ever do justice to his life Igor o y vrvs dhe buptra ha henna o. treylyansow hag oberow a’n parma! and achievements. martesen, y vrassa gnns, dell grysav! Rag gorfenn ow omaj dhe Alan, my a Without Alan the Celtic League would not My re dreylyas a-gynsow hwedhel an wra skrifa geryow kevys war ven bedh have survived into the 21st century; would Mabinogion henwis “Hunros Macsen Robert Morton Nance: “oberow y not have achieved the success it has. For let Wledig" ha my re dhannvonas dhodho onan vywnans yw y wir kovadh”. My re gollas no one tell you the League has not been a'm iyvrigow. Gwynn ow bys pan skrifas koweth pur ger dhe’m kolonn. successful. Oh yes; there are many things ev dhymm ow leverei: "lennet cm eus an that need to be achieved: but just think back Hunros penn-da-benn kerkent ha José CALVETE to what things were like in the early 1960s. Today Pan Celticism is firmly placed in people's minds. The veritable industry of things Celtic sprang out of the work of the Celtic League in those early days. The forthcoming decades o f the new millennium are the time when the achievements of the last forty years must be built on and extended. That will be the only true and lasting memorial to a great visionary and practical man - Alan lleusafF. The achievement of the aims of the Celtic League. Peter Berresford Ellis

A Celtic Farewell to a Celtic Friend

I have never had the chance to meet him. to speak to him. nor even hear the voice of his experience in Celtic matters. It was, and still is. a pity, but during the twenty years I did have the opportunity to send him letters to ask for his support for the Celtic Galician Movement that was established during the eighties in Argentina. Alan was one of the few, if not the only one, that believed in our struggle for recognition of the Celtic Galician identity within the League, not only for the Celts in ren beggan dy yeeil ayns Mannin son dean South America but for the Celts of Galiza ashoonagh as loavr eh ree. Kyndagh ree. and Asturies. Iiaink eh quail ashooneyryn poblaghtagh As we had failed to gain recognition ayns Mannin v’arraltagh cur bree noa sy from the International Celtic League lor Galiza and Asturies at its Annual General vanglanc. Meeting that took place in Edinburgh in Choud’s hie traa shaghev. gheiyrt eh 1986. we decided to continue our work orroo. choon eh Ihieu as haink yn banglane alone but not totally separated from the dy ve stroshey as ny stroshey derrey v’eh Celtic League (that means: not totally Co-obbrreeys eddyr-Cheltiagh. Slien bun cho stroshey as banglane erbee elley. ga dy separated from Alan). Alan was our jeh’n Chommeeys Ccltiagh as my vees vel Mannin ny ashoon sloo mastey ny contact. Alone, we have achieved many of banglane ashoonagh rieau cailt ain. bee jeeil cheeraghyn Celtiagh. Ta’n Commeeys our goals, such as: radio programmes. mooar jeant risii yn dean bunneydagh shen. Celtiagh er yannoo ram obbyr ass lieh Celtic Music Festivals. CD’s, Pipe Bands, Cha row peiagh erbee ayn va toiggal shen Mannin as ny Mannmee feie ny feed books written by Argentine researchers of chammah’s Alan Heusaff. Shen yn oyr. sy bleeantyn queig sholi chaie. ga nagh vel Celtic origin and more recently we have set vlein nuy cheeadjcig. kiare as tree-jeig tra va paart dy leih cur enney er yn obbyr shen. up our Celtic Internet site. Alan was well Banglane Vannin moa! as beggan lag creeagh. S’Iicklee nagh geayll yn chooid smoo dy aware of what was taking place here. ghow eh fo yn banglane y aa-vioghey. leih ayns Mannin ennvni Alan Heusaff The Celts of Europe must know Ga dy row ashoonaghys Manninagh feer derrey v'eh oanluckit as cha doig ad yn Argentina is not a Celtic country, but il is a lajer ec y traa v’ayn. ashoonaghys Ihiastynys oc da. agh by gummey da slien. country with millions of people with Celtic bunraghtagh as ashoonaghys caggoil neesht. Ga dy vel eh ersooyl nish. ta’n spyrryd origin living here, file Celtic Diaspora cha row yn Chommeeys Ccltiagh echey foast hio ayns nyn gree as hemayd must be considered in a different way from g’obbraghey myr Iissagli eh legooish roin. the truly Celtic countries, but. although we banglane breeoil ayns Mannin. Liliali Alan Sollys Ycc er dty Annym Ooasle. are living overseas, the Celtic Diaspora is cooisli ayns pabyr-naight mychione ben aeg Mark Kennode STILL CELTIC. This was quite clear for Alan, which is why he helped us. His death is a terrible loss and the Extracts from the Obituary posted on carried the obituary in Spanish with question for us is: Are the Galician Celts photographs of Alan and illustrations alone again? the La Liga Ceita de Argentine Internet site Manuel Castro has from Carn together with a link to our Manuel Castro certainly been forthright in his praise Celtic League site. For those who are President. Argentine Celtic League o f Alan and his article clearly conveys on line the Internet address is: La Liga Celta de Argentina the sense of loss felt. The site also http://207.l53.250.87/almargen/ Bha gach fear comhdaichte ann an cota leathar le tarragan ann. Nuair a thug iad dhiubh na clogaidean aca: de chunnaic an PhD Dotair ach gun robh taragan sna « 3 1 a cluasan aca cuideachd! Abair gun robh iad .... . «3 skinheads'! nam fior : '>f < ______.. “Mach a seo! Sgudal gun fheum! Radain shalaeh! Bi falbh no cuiridh mi cain oirbh, le cheile!” “Eisd Luigi, cuir ertin sam bith oirnn M ar a Shabhail an Laidean bhon chan eil sinn ach ri spors no a chionns gum bheil sinn a' pairceadh ar A i c e a n D o t a í r motor-baighgean sa chitirt faisg air ar tkite- comhnaidh agus innsidh sinn a h-uile cail do Mharia! B liadhnachan air ais bha Gilleasbuig an cheannach nuair a dhlúthaich De mu dheidhinn Maria, a’ bhean Lachlainn ann an Vienna air son na poileasman orm... agus chunnaic mi agam?" làithean-saora aige. An uair sin bha sealladh suarach tai re i I 'na shiiilean. Bha e “Tha mi.se fuireach os do chtonn san e caran reamhar agus bha feile-beag air. coimhead naimhei] cuideachd... agus thuig teanamant... tenement... againn agus Chaidh e do'n Oilthigh Vienna air son mi gun robh cunnart ro mhór ann! Thuig mi chuala mi ise a' troid riutsa iomadh uair." loidseadh fhaighinn aig Taigh nan nach do chord am “bikini”... cuiaidh- arsa skinhead tkrd. Oilennaich oir bha c art samhradh ann agus snamh... ris idir.” arsa ise. “Fuirichidh mis’son f a t fon taigli bha na h-oileanaich aig an Oillhigh air na “Bhon a tha thu gun naire sam bith agadsa agus chuala mi nuair a bha Maria làithean-saora aca. agus a' chulaidb a tha umad ro ghann. gad sgiursadh nuair a thuig i gun robh thu Thuirt am bodach aig seomar priomh cuiridh mi crtin... fin e ro mhór ort!” arsa a’ deanamh suns ris an tidsear 6g san bhun- dorus an Oilthigh gum biodh an Dotair a' am poileasman gun trocair sam bith. agus sgoil!” arsa an gille eile. "De ni Maria nuair tighinn a dh'aithghearr. Ach thuirt bha a chain mór gun teagamh sam bith!” a innsidh sinn dhi gun robh thusa a’ cur Gilleasbuig nach robh e tinn ¡dir. Bha ¡onagadh ro mhór omisa. Cha robh am dragh gun naire air nighean choimheach Rinn am bodach gaire ro mhór Thuirt e bikini mi-laghail san Ostair... ... leth-ruisgte san t-sraid! Car-son nach eil thu gun robh Vienna an uair sin air a idir idir. a' glacadh nam meirleach. eh?” pàirteachadh ann an ceilhir ceàrnan, coltach “Gu deimhinn.” arsa ise. “bha a' "Na h-abair facal do Mharia ntu ri Berlin, ach cha robh sanasan ri ihaicinn chulaidh-snamh seo ro fhasanta sr.a lochan dheidhinn cail agus cha chuir mi cain sam nuair a bhiodh duine a’ dol a-steach don Ostaireach. Ma bhios mi a‘ paigheadh bith oirbh!” dh’eigh am poileasman Luigi cheàrn Ruiseanach no ccàrn cile. Ach. uiread de dh'airgead tha mo laititean-saora agus theich e air falbh cho luath is gun gidhcadh ‘s docha gum biodh e cunnartach a seachad! Feumaidh mi ubhlan a robh e a' ruith ‘sna Olympics. dhol an sin gun titear no té ionadail gad cliruinneachadh air a’ bltaile-fearain aig mo On latha seo a-mach bha an Dotair dhion. Bhon a bhiodh Gilleasbuig a' fuireach pharantan gu fosgail an Oilthigh as PhD a Vienna fior thoilichte gun robh aim an Taigh nan Oileanach ann an Sràid a' t-fhoghair. blasad de Laideann aice! Phorsalain (no sa Gearmailt... Bha an trafaic a‘ dol seachad. Uairean Gilleasbuig Lachlainn ‘Illeasbuig Studentinheim, Porzellangasse...) uime sin bhiodh draibhcaran ag eigheach rudeiginn bhiodh fear no té à Vienna a dhol cuide ris mi-mhodail bhon a bha iad a' tuigsinn gun Summary feumail. Thagh am bodach an Dotair robh e a‘ cur dragh oirre. This factual tale is set in rlw days that (PhD)... bhon a bha i a’ fuirich faisg air “Abair gun robh an adrenalin a’ ruith Italian policemen could adopt a most Porzellangasse. Thàinig i na lathair an ùine tromham gu grad!” ars’ ise, “Ach. gu puritanical jaundiced attitude to the gheàrr. Bha i mu seachd air Huchead h-obann, chuimhnich mi gun robh bikini' or scant swimsuit. A young woman bliadhna a dITaois. Abaìr gun robh i Laidcann agam. Dhcanadh i an gnothach! from abroad has no idea o f such prejudice boidheach. marfan agus ceudna lan de sporsi Bhruidhinn mi rudeiginn sa Laidcann... and finds herself in dire straits. She "Chan cil ach aon chunnart ann.” ars' “Canaidh mi mu euchdan agus an duinei... manages to hold the line against the ise, “'se sin ri radh... saighdear Ruiseanach Arma virumque cano!” thuirt an nigliean á policeman with meaningless Latin phrases le sgian air lorg an t-uaireadair agad. Ach Vienna. till two skinhead neighbours of the cop chan eil a mhór chuid de na Ruiscànaich Gu nadarra cha do thuig am poileasman send him fleeing. mar sin... tha ¡adsan beusach gun chron." smid. Ach chan iliaca ¡ad Ruiseanach sant bith. An sin thuirt i sa Laideann... “Nuair a Mar a bha iad a' coiseachd bha iad a’ bha na nithean sin suidhichte agus na GAELIC PETITION bruidhinn air iomadh cuspair ach uni cuirtcan-lagh air na laitltcan-saora aca. dheireadh thall bha iad a' bruidhinn mu chaidh Caesar gu Eadailt mu Thuath.” A petition promoting the wider use of dheidhinn cànainean agus ma ra bha Bha am poileasman bhon chuthach Gaelic in the Scottish Parliament has H igher Laidoann aca le chéile. agus dh’eigh e. árd a chlaigean... “Fhear been produced bv Comann Ceiitcach "Bha mi fior thaingeal gun robh mlneachaidh”... Interpreter... Interpreter. Oilthigh Dhun Eideann (Edinburgh Laidcann agam.” arsa ise. Chuala dilltis gillean air motor- University’s Gaelic and Celtic languages “Ciantar?” dh'fhaighnich an baighgean... motor-bikes, air sin san dol society). The petition demands that the t-Albannach reamhar. seachad. Stad iad. Dhlúthaich iad air a’ Parliamentary Petitions Committee "Mata, an uiridh. bha mi ‘nam shuidhe phoi leasman. accept petitions presented to it in Gaelic air an Lido... eilean gainmheil faisg air “Well, well,” arsa an fear árd, “Co and also demands that the Parliamentary Venice. An deidh snamh bha an t-acras th'againn an seo ach ar fear-gleidhidh an website be made bilingual. Copies of the orm. A reir m’uaireadair cha bhiodh biadh lagha — ar nabaidh — poileasman Luigi. petition are available from: The dcasail san taigh-osda fhuthast." arsa ise. Car-son nach eil thu a’ glacadh na Campaigns Officer, Comann Ceiitcach "Cho-dhùin mi gun robh an tide meirlich? Agus nach tusa a tha a' bagradh Oilthigh Dhun Eideann. c/o Department freagarrach pios chocolate is toiteanan (no sinne daonnan gun cuiridh thu cáin ro nthór of Celtic, Edinburgh University, 19 fa g s) a cheannach agus sin o'n bhuth bhig oimn bhon nach eil áite-paircidh againn air George Square, EH8 9LD. faisg orm air an t-sràid. Cha robh mi ach air son ar motor-baighgean.” Alasdair MacC'aliiitn Integration Voices Irani Hie Famished Lands for Gaelic Poetry, recitations, stories, songs and music of A s a follow up to CARN issue 107 the Great Famine and its Aftermath in Ireland and Scotland on. A Parent s Perspective on the do Rob Gibson, Highland Heritage, 8 Culcairn Road, Evanton. Gaelic Struggle. I read with interest Tel 01349.830388 an article in the Oban Times. 4 November 1999. Gaelic education for those children who Roscommon and Ross-shire Dingwall fiddler, Leslie Currie. learn it as a second language in primary strengthen cultural links Ethnomusicologist. Mairi MacArthur. school is coining under bombardment in contributed famine rhymes from Iona. Lochaber. Parents have been angry that A successful joint production of Voices In the evening narrations, poems and although pupils can be taught either entirely from the Famished Lands by the stories were presented by Cynthia in Gaelic or English in primary schools, Roscommon Drama Group and H ighland Clampett, Tommy Murray and Rob there is no integration for those that wish H e r ita g e was staged in Dingwall’s Gibson. Scottish National Mod Medal their children to learn Gaelic as a second National Hotel last weekend. winning Gaelic singer, Fiona MacKenzie, language. This is a major problem for Gaelic Fourteen members of the Roscommon Dingwall and piper and whistle player, as there is no balance. Our children need to Drama Group including narrators, singers, Lizbclh Collie from Muir of Ord joined the learn our language through the medium of musicians and back stage staff made the Irish players, tenor Michael Kelly and Gaelic or not learn it at all. While GME is long trip to bring their poetry, recitations, award winning singer Aileen O’Connor to very good and works well for many families stories, songs and music of the great provide memorable and by turns lively and it does not work for everyone. famine of 1845 which also hit the poignant musical tributes. In many rural areas where there are H ighlands. The tragedy of a million Irish deaths Gaelic medium units, English speaking Links between the two counties was first through famine and a million and a half parents believe that it would be good for promoted by Feis Rois, the through emigration in the late 1840s their children to take on Gaelic culture but learning movement and various artistic dwarfs the Scottish experience. However are unable to do so until they reach high exchanges have followed. Tommy many of the same racist attitudes of the school where it can be taught as a second Murray’s group have performed their government and landlords towards the language. This is not the case in Edinburgh, famine tribute show around twenty times, West Highland’s cottars and crofters was if the family lives outwith the catchment recently, for Irish President Mary an echo of the Irish peasants’ plight. Only McAleese and also in the USA. Saturday area of the school there is no Gaelic classes the Scottish Free Church, urban charity, the in Dingwall was a Scottish first. Around for the children at all. Highlands and Quakers and a few enlightened lairds tried thirty-five people attended the joint Islands MSP Mary Scanlon wrote to the to combat a crisis, which in essence is Director of Education. Bruce Robertson, at performance, which added songs and repeated on TV screens today from other Highland Council stating parent’s worries. stories of the Great Highland Famine locations, like Africa to East Timor. She fully supported the council policy on researched and presented by local A donation to the World Development promoting Gaelic medium teaching and historian, Rob Gibson. Movement. Highland Branch is one fitting stated she would like to see greater Earlier in the day Irish musicians outcome of Saturday’s show. Future joint integration so that children can have the including Frank Kelly, accordion, ideas are being plotted as the Ross-shire - opportunity to learn Gaelic as a language Elizabeth Wynne, flute and Irene Guckian, Roscommon friendships grows. Contact: throughout their primary education. a former all-Ireland fiddle champion, Rob Gibson Tel 01349.830388 Mr Robertson also recognised that there is a boned up on Scots Strathspey thanks to gap in the provision and it is a national issue. The council in Lochaber will be piloting a new introductory' course for English speaking pupils in the near future. It is imperative that children from other areas also benefit from Plaids & Bandanas similar resources and that other councils learn from this introductory course. song ¡inks from scots drovers to wild west cowboys Mr Robertson added, ‘we have Gaelic by Ceilidh Ménage medium provision in a number o f rural primary schools and it has been very P la id s & B a n d a n a s excitement of , many songs also successful with relatively high academic The show was capture the sadness of an era when many standards and very little problems by way written by Rob Gibson in association with left their native land to search for work in o f socialisation matters,' he said. He also Tom Bryan and performed for the Highland Festival in June 1998. Ceilidh Menage western USA an Canada, sometimes to stated that, ‘with the review of Gaelic become ranch hands. education being undertaken by the council, present the airs of the drovers and cowboys all these matters would be discussed by the connecting Celtic Scotland to the American Contact: Ceilidh Ménage, c/o Rob education committee while considering the West. Songs about rustling and driving Gibson, Tir nan Oran. 8 Culcairn Road, future policy development of the language cattle and sheep form an unbroken link from the warring Celtic elans to cowboys Evanton, Ross-Shire. IVI 6 9YT, in the Highlands.' It is hoped that Gaelic will soon be available to all our children. on a spree in Wild West trail towns. Alba/Scotland. For a parent who speaks little Gaelic it is This collection, arranged by Ceilidh difficult in today’s demanding society to Ménage, ranges from traditional airs to Tel: +44(0) ¡349 830388 become a fluent speaker and subsequently modern songs and tunes. While Plaids & Fax: +44(0) 1349830599 pass it to their children. We need results Bandanas pays tribute to the drovers and now. ’rhis may be a way of restoring a part cowboys and brings to life the vigour and E-mail: robgibson(a)sol. co.uk of it and encourage our children to take their Gaelic further. Louise NicLeoid HIGHLAND GREEN ELECTED NATIONAL SPEAKER Archie MacDougall Eleanor Scott, from Evanton. Ross-shire. concern in Europe for backing local 1927 to 1999 was elected Principal Speaker of the Scottish employment projects in a world dominated Fighter for land and Green Party at its Annual Conference held in by trans-national companies. The Greens . Edinburgh at the weekend. A record have made an important alliance with the attendance of members welcomed Green European Free Alliance group which Archie MacDougall died on 31st parliamentarians from Ireland and England includes two SNP. two Plaid Cymru, two October aged seventy two within a few to support the buoyant mood, thanks to the Flemish nationalists, and four members days of the fifty second anniversary of election of Green MSP. as a from Euzkadi. Gallicia. and Andalusia. the Knoydart Land Raid with which he Lothian list member with six per cent of the This makes the combined group the fourth will be forever linked. He was brought first proportional vote in the Scottish largest in the Euro Parliament and the fact up in the Knoydart peninsula in the west Parliament elections in May ¡ 999. that it also contains two Greens from Highlands and after a happy youth and Eleanor Scott, a community paediatrician England and two from the Irish Republic it apprenticeship as an gardener followed in the Highlands, led the Green list for the gives a strong voice to islands of the North that vocation. The estate was owned by area at the Scottish Parliament polls. She has Atlantic as a radical environmental and Lord Brocket from 1934 to 1953 who helped raise the profile of the party by decentralist group in Europe. was a guest of Hitler in 1938 and fellow trenchant argument and campaigning. She Said Eleanor Scott, “ Given that Greens are traveller with the Nazis who chaired the business session at the Leith in four government coalitions in the nevertheless had his estate returned to Conference, which ranged over campaigning European Union and now the fourth largest him after the war. and electoral opportunities stemming from group in the European Parliament the pace The post war euphoria under the new increased membership and credibility on the of environmentally - based opportunity Labour government was dashed when national and international scene. quickens.” The likely election of further estate workers plans to increase The international session of the Green MSPs will build the Independence in the area drawn up with the help of the conference heard of Green influence in coalition in Scotland and strengthen local priest Father MacPherson clashed Ireland from TD Trevor Sargent and from Scottish links with Other peoples in the EU. with Brocket’s shooting interests and London MEP Jean Lambert, who were dismissed by the Scottish Office. applauded the increasing and very- Green RG Some of the local men planned a land raid and in November 1948 and staked PERSECUTED CAELIC ACTIVISTS claims in a well publicised campaign. A claim was staked for Archie who was on Letter National Service with the Royal More than forty years ago Eileen and Trefor Artillery in North Wales. He had it Beaseley refused to pay their local rates until withdrawn for fear of falling foul of A charaid. they received a bill in Welsh from Llanelli military discipline. Brocket’s interim Rural District Council. They stood firmly by interdict and subsequent government As the author of the article "The Missing their principles and their language even sponsored . Cameron enquiry refused the Link" about the lack of Gaelic secondary though they almost lost their home as a land raiders settlement plans. provision. 1 would like to make it clear to result. The Beascleys won the fight at the By 1952 Archie and other raiders had Carn readers that I am in no way end of the day and their struggle was a great been dismissed the estate and the native connected with and in no way endorse the inspiration to the Welsh language movement. population left or died out in those bitter contents of the article on the following Unbelievably, a local council in Scotland years. He was interviewed on the page "A Parent’s Perspective on the Gaelic is doing the very same thing — right now, fortieth anniversary of the Land Raid Struggle” by Louise NicLeod which also at the end of 1999. Highland Council has and expressed hopes that a permanent dealt with the subject of Gaelic secondary imposed a heavy fine on Mac Aoidh and marker would commemorate their education. While this said much with Roy Wentworth, who have done efforts as one inappropriate Knoydart which 1 agree regarding Gaelic as a outstanding work for Gaelic and who live in laird followed another. The three year secondary school subject, the article Geirrloch. Wester Ross. Mac Aoidh and campaign to find a few inches of ground attacked the campaign for an all-Gaelic Roy have paid all the council tax due — to build a cairn led to Archie unveiling primary school in Edinburgh and made a ever,' penny of it — but they are not willing the plaque at Inverie in 1991. to complete an English-language tax form. number of statements about Edinburgh He wrote a book about Knoydart - the Highland Council recently launched a Gaelic activ ists, which I consider to be last Scottish land raid publ ished in 1993 both inaccurate and offensive. I feel that a bilingual policy in which they claim to be and answered regular calls for media Gaelic school is necessary in Edinburgh to working to secure and strengthen the interviews as the Knoydart saga reached enable an expansion in the numbers of position of Gaelic in the area. As such it is its denouement. He remained a staunch children in Gaelic medium education and disgraceful that they insist on persecuting believer in an independent Scotland to take Gaelic out of the ghetto where ii the Wentworths in this way. restoring the land to the people and was currently finds itself. The principal of Even if we are forty years behind, we delighted at the community buy-out separate Gaelic schools for towns such as must follow the Welsh path. Every earlier this year. Unfortunately an earlier Glasgow. Edinburgh and Inverness is pressure must be brought to bear on stroke and hospitalisation prevented supported by the vast majority of Gaelic Highland Council until they cancel this Archie from joining the celebrations for speakers and supporters (including outrageous line and until they distribute the estate’s hand-over in March. learners like myself) both in Edinburgh bilingual forms, as they should. In the words of a former Knoydart and nationally. Write to: David Green. Convener [tel estate manager who knew them well. (01463) 702000] and to Alan Geddes. Archie MacDougall was like the land le deagh dhurachd, Director of Finance |tel (01463) 7023011. raiders whose flame he kept alive a” Alasdair MacCaluim The Highland Council. Glenurquart Road. very sound, solid, good Scotsman”. InbhirNis IV3 5NX. E-mail: webmasterfdliighland.gov.uk Rob Gibson

Brude mac Maelcon FLOWERS OF SCOTLAND O f course we welcome the assembly have been as seminal as he himself hoped it characteristic. In the course of time they in Alba but not as a terminus. As would be (observations on this point tend, some of them, to become rootless, long as it is seen as a stepping stone welcome) but the book is of relevance in especially if they abandon their religion.” to independence, a refuelling station on the many ways still and is a quite useful tool in He writes of the “two kinds of Trish path to freedom it can only be to the good. addressing the question of upwards of a invader — the Orange and the Green”, the But, and there is a ‘but’, if it seen in the million Irish in the make-up of modem former “came in far fewer numbers and context of the régionalisation of the island it Scotland (the same number, perhaps, of were assimilated without difficulty - many will only bring fruit with difficulty: if Alba is Scots live outside their own country)! The of them were of Scottish descent. And he just another Yorkshire say, or a West former figure may be an exaggeration but says “the double invasion meant that the Midlands, a Home Counties, a Greater that it loomed large in the thinking is more robust Irish methods of religious London then an assembly might be merely a obvious in Paton’s eloquent book. controversy were introduced as substitutes cementing of the country into a re-invented There he wrote of Scottish depopulation for the traditional Scottish practice of United Kingdom. being concealed by the fact that “The theological argument (of the type so That particular aspect of the question was native stock has been steadily replaced by seeringly portrayed in the film M a kin g the cause of an unpleasant parting of the immigrants from Ireland”, an “invasion... Waves, perhaps - POS). The clash between ways between our quondam Cathaoirleach. (which) has been going on for a long time." the two kinds of invader sometimes led to Pâdraig Ô Conchüir and Irish branch He said the 1st main invasion ('now a disorder... and the effects of this bad members (among others). Pâdraig espoused matter of past history’) was the “import tradition continue even today.” English régionalisation thinking perhaps that (of) cheap manual labour from Ireland” in Other references of the stereotypical kinds any break up of England could only benefit the 1 94" century “when Scotland was include “all (criminals) had Irish names”, the Celtic countries annexed by England. pioneering new industries”. The 2nc* arid voting rights to citizens of another country, Others, myself included, argued (1) that "perhaps more serious” invasion "occurred undercutting wages, welfare fiddles. (There however much régionalisation was a good especially between the Two World Wars... is a belief held in Scotland that Irish thing for the English it was none of our It is still going on. although it has immigration in search of public assistance business, and (2) Local government being diminished in recent years and may was not unorganised’), school segregation - extended and improved in Britain could diminish still more in the future”, (ibid). all arguments which depend “on the relative easily, if espoused by us, detract from our He goes on to echo and reveal stereo­ numbers involved.” basic claims for the insular Celtic countries typical reactions in Scotland to the Irish: He continues in a more Eirenic view: and in so doing weaken them, both by “It is hard to write on this topic without A flow of immigrants may enrich a involving them more and more into an laying oneself open to the customary jibes country. The flow becomes an evil only interconnected system of local government at Scottish narrowness and intolerance; but when it is excessive in quantity; and what and by affording the imperialists the this is no reason why the broad facts of the is, or is not, excessive may be hard to rhetorical advantage of pointing to reform in situation should be ignored. In Glasgow a determine. Yet an inflow may be regional democracy. third of the inhabitants are said to be Irish considered excessive when it becomes too The dividing line may appear tenuous: to us or of Irish descent: and anyone who visits great to be assimilated so that where we it was fundamental and has left residual almost any Scottish town can confirm that had one homogeneous nation we find worries about the short-term affects on the they have spread over the whole country. ourselves with two that are very different. demand for independence. That demand was The fear or hope is sometimes expressed Something like this is what has happened watered down apparently by Plaid Cymru that further immigration, coupled with a in Scotland. On the other hand. Scotland being quoted as not seeking separation and high birthrate, will in time reduce the Scots was fortunate so far as her peaceful independence for Cymru. And in Scotland to being a minority in their own country.” invaders were of a gifted stock akin to her the opening of parliament there left many Is he reflecting an intellectual under­ own. If we peer into the remote future, it uneasy. pinning of the crude racism of the Glasgow may seem not unreasonable to hope that in The oath (to whom?) being administered Rangers supporter? the course of time a new and perhaps in English only (even if taken in Gaelic by “Although these fears and hopes may be richer nationality might emerge: it might ’ one representative) was no good anyway. A exaggerated, few reasonable men. and combine Irish imagination w ith Scottish more worrying manifestation was the certainly tew reasonable Scotsmen, will logic. This would be more likely to exclusion of children (one child even) front regard it as an unmixed blessing that an happen if the two races were able to meet Catholic schools from the ceremonies unusually homogeneous country should be openly in an Edinburgh Parliament and to connected with the inauguration. split up into two nations. Yet if the native co-operate, even if not without friction, in Obviously change can be slow - TCD in stock is doomed to decline, Scotland may trying to settle the affairs of Scotland at Dublin was obviously like St. Andrews in be considered fortunate in so far as the present so mishandled from outside. Alba an English University. That is no Irish invaders belong to a race not wholly The exclusion of Catholic (a.k.a. Irish in longer so in Dublin - St. Andrews will alien to her own. Provided their numbers this context) children form the opening follow in time. Change must be envisaged were not too great there would be some ceremony reflects the failure to seriously if it is to happen - the surly boycott of TCD hope of their becoming assimilated in the address the question of the part of the Irish in by acceptors of Archbishop McQuaid's course of time —there are already' signs of the making of the Scotland of the future writ (a man of mixed confessional their being affected by some of the irrespective of whether it occurred by background himself) certainly delayed its traditional Scottish ideals. Some of them inadvertence (unpardonable and culpable assimilation into Ireland. have shown themselves men of ability, ignorance) or by design (an unacceptable Is there a danger of a reverse boycott (a and they have strengthened Scotland in the gesture of non-welcome, a latent mental exclusion even) in Scotland as field of sport. repatriationism). regards the Irish segment of their Whatever may be hoped for in the future, Maybe it is lime to take Paton seriously population. I think there may well be: i the mass immigration of men and women and begin seriously to solve this too often recall with regret the lack of acceptance of with a lower standard of living was not an inarticulatcd problem. And maybe too we in one delegate from Alba to earlier League unmixed blessing to Scotland - especially the League should offer our good offices to meetings because his so obviously at a time when she was already crippled by assist in seeking solutions and avoiding marked him of Irish lineage: if we were unemployment. At least in the early stages greater problems and deeper antagonisms guilty how much more the danger with the Irish sometimes failed to display the soon in the life of what we hope will be a those of narrower focus. more sober virtues cherished by the Scots: Parliament for a free Scotland. Professor H.J. Paton's book The Claim of law-abidingness, for example, has not S co tla n d (Allen + Unwin. 1968) may not always been their most outstanding P. () Snodaigh Per Dene/ I f - _ 1___ 1 * 1 «3 b rei z h «3 YEZH HA BRO ■ ■ m i

Gouezelva Rath Cairn o vrasaat

n unan eus hon niverennoû Gwengolo. C’hoant he deus bremafl ar diwe/han, an niverenn 99 evil bout Gevelouri da brenaft un takad all. rak Eresis. em boa roet keloù eus verni un danvez prenerien zo war ar roll. Ar toullad iwerzhonegerien. Pobal Life, da gounideg en doa gwerzhet dezhi a-raok a groulfl ur vourc'hadenn pe da vihanan ur berc’henn 60 hektar. met n'en deus ket c harter iwerzhonek c Leanihcan/Lucan. Ar c'hoant d'ober marc'had adarre. Ar YEZH HA BRO gèriadenn-mart zo hiziv ur fabourz eus gouerien a zalc'h d'o douar p’o devez gant Per Denez. 14.8 x 21. 166p. Dulenn war beni ar c’homôg. Ne glever ket arc’hant a-waic’h... 1998. Mouladurioù Hor Yezh. mui komz eus ar steuflv-se, gouzout a reer avat ne voe ket kavet a-walc’h a brenerien A. Heusaff Ul levr nevez, gant pennadoù Per Denez, a evit an 20 ti a oa da vezafi miret evil e gas zo bet embannet gant Mouladurioù Hor da wir. Ne oa roet nemet tri miz dezho evil Summary Yezh. Ennafl e kaver pennadoù embannet ober o mennozh. pezh a oa kalz re nebeut. A small Gaellachi was established in etre 1949 ha 1966 e meur a Spi am eus ne c'hoarvezo ket evel-se Rath Cairn. 50 km to the NW o f Dublin, in gelc'hgelaouenn. dreist-holl en A! Li a nun gant ur steufiv all ez eur krog d’e sevenitì e the thirties, when families from Connemara hag en Hor Yezlt. gant ur brezegenn ¡vez Ràth Cairn, e-lec'h ez eus ur gouezelva were settled there. Thanks to a cooperative diwar-benn Roparz llcmon displeget e bihan abaoe 1935, 50 km er gwalarn da which provided it with amenities for Dulenn d’ar 15 a viz Mczheven 1990, en ar Zulenn. Di e oa bet degaset. war atiz De improving their social life, it has vodadeg "Comoradh ar Roparz Hemon" Vaierà, un toullad mat a gouerien vihan eus maintained itself as an Irish-speaking aozet gant skourr Iwerzhon ar C'hendalc'h Konamara, ha rannet etrezo un domani bras community, though with some difficulties. Keltiek hag embannet gant Coiscéim. a oa bet kemeret gant ar Stad. Ur c'hemm It has recently acquired a site on which ten El levr-mafl e kaver c'liwezek pennad, bras c oa evtto, boas tata oant ouzh houses are being built for a fresh influx o) pennadoii-studl diwar-benn Gwaiarn '. gweledvaoù garv, ineinek ha geuniek. gant Irish-speakers. It is hoped that more land "Skol Ober", “Hor Yezlt". tud evel Roparz ar mor bras dirazo, dont da chom c-krciz can be accptired for an extension of the Hemon, Tangi Malmanche, douaroù placn. argoadek met strujus scheme. Behan. Roger Casement ha pennadoti- kontelezh Mid/Meath. Da zoujaiì a oa, pa stourm rak n’eo ket Per Denez nemet ur ne oant ket gwall niverus, e vije kollet o * The above article was written by Alan c’hclenner hag ur skrivagnerer. ur stourmer yezh ganto en un endro saoznek. Deuet ar some months before his death. eo ivez ha tennafl a ra ivez ar pennadoù da vugale d’an oad da labourat ez ae un darn Vrcizli. d'ar yezh, ken tost d'e galon, ha d’he vat anezho da Xiilenn pe tramor da glask dazont. d’an dud vunut pe anavezet o deus fred. Met abaoe un nebeut bloavezhioù ez graet “a rumm da rumm. daoust da bep tra. eus kemm, a-drugarez d'ar strivadoù graet ez eo bet hag e vo dale'het didorr "chadenn dreist-holl gant Pâdraig Mac Donncha. War ar yezh””, d’ar brezhoneg hag ar skol. e intrudi! c voe krouet ur gevelouri, savet Pouezus eo lenn e bennadoù. Bez'e un Ti-an-Holl ennafl ur sai vras ma vez tu Ar Bed Keltiek c'hcller c’hoazh tennafl kentclloù diouzh ar da zartsal ha da aozafl emvodoù, koulz hag :: ■ ...I. . : pennadoii-se hiziv. Plijout a rafe din un ostaleri. savet ivez ur chapel ma vez menegifl amafl arroud herr e rakskrid : oferennel en iwerzhoneg ha nevez'zo ur on iine books, records, Celtic art, gou/enn a ran an hevelep doujans evil skol eil dercz hag a zegemer bugale eus an Kemper: 02.98.95.42.82 yezh ar re a ra eus ar brezhoneg benveg o toullad skolioù kentafl derez Brest: 02.98.44.05.38 b u h e z - ur vuhez bevet e kêr, gant holliwerzhonek. Ar re yaouank a ya d'ar prederioù ha kudennoii hor c 'hantved. ur http://wvAv.arbedkeltiek.com skol-vcur e Dulenn a zistro da vevafl e Ràth yezh hag a vo ivez yezh o bugale pa vint Cairn mar gallont. Ul labouradeg a ro fred e-bost: [email protected] deut d'an oad-goitr. pellik en tu all d'ar da 100 den met n'eus nemet 8 anezho eus bernez [email protected] bloavezh 2000, hag e-pad hiroc 7t am zer ar barrez, pezh a c'hoari a-enep an . c 'hoazh. Dav eo diwall na ve kollet tamm iwerzhoneg. 700 den zo b re nutrì o chom e eus ar brezhoneg hengounel. Met dav eo Ràth Cairn. N’eo ket a-walc’h evit reifl un Note: A r Bed Keltiek (2 Str. ar kompren e vo krouet. e vez krouet bremah. diazez start d'ar yezh. Setu perak e klask ar Roue Graiort, 29000 Kemper), inttioc 'h a c 'heriaoueg eget n eus bet graet Gevelouri abaoe 15 vloaz lakaat uses the term e-bost in morse. Hag e vezo kementad ar "gerioii iwerzhonegerien all da zont da annezafi nevez " ul lodenn brasne 'h-brasait eus ar eno. Daou vloaz’zo e teuas a-benn da preference to e-mail, like the brezhoneg en implij. E-giz-se on hint eo e brenafi un takad douar bras a-walc’h evit Welsh. When phoning from chomo hor yezh bev en ur bed bev ". dek ti d'ur priz dcreat-tre, ha prenerien zo abroad, omit the 0 in the prefix. Embannet gant : Mouladurioù Hor Yezh, bet kavet evito. An ti kentafl e oad kroget Tereza Desbordes, 1. Plasenn Charles-Peguy, d'e sevel e derou Eost hag un eil c miz 29260 Lesneven, Breizli (via Prance). EMGANN (= fight). Hugues Richard and Richard Lefaucheuk . the other two In Honour arrested, are less well-known. Since the attack on Belfort Town Mail members of E m g a n n have been under police surveillance. Like IRA/Sinn Fein the of Roparz French media continually makes reference to ARB/Emgann. Gael Roblin. PRO for Emgann. said that this was a misconception Hemon and that... ‘It’s true, we have never condemned ARB's actions and we will never do it. We fight just like others". Michel Herjean of Skoazell Vreizh. (cf.: An interview with help prisoner's families) said: “The French State is upset to see the increase in the G.Kervella of the theatre teaching of Breton in schools. That is very group Ar Vro Bogan worrying for the State power”.

Goulc 'han Kervella Unity and Solidarity Courtesy of Bremail {11 /99J At the time of the robbery Jaques Chirac. (French President) was in Madrid ‘to What conclusions can be drawn from the develop a strong relationship between works and life of Roparz Hemon? Ar Vro France and Spain' He stated that the State Bagan has staged the show 'Meurlarjez’ Breton services were 'efficient against terrorism' again to honour Hemon who did a lot to help Nevertheless, those services let two the Bretons look outwards because he Autonomists Basques go near Pau (S.W/Fr.) and it took believed that 'there is not a single country in them 15 days to find a lorry belonging to the world that cannot leach us a lesson'. Titanite in Bordeaux. Ar Vro Bagan have performed I lemon’s jailed A g a in ... Police evidence against the Bretons plays some seven times already and decided consists of photographs of the arrested to do something different this time: Bretons coming out of a public house in ‘Mcurlarjcz- which is made up of different On the 28,h September, nine tons of Lorient in the company of the Basques. passages from plays Hemon wrote, dynamite. 5800 detonators and II Km's of Charlie Grail, the accused journalist has interspersed with his ideas on theatre, cable were stolen in the village of Plevin admitted that he knows the Basques, but literature, culture and politics. Everything is (22-BZH). The very next day after the argues that this is part of his job. He has interrelated in R. Hemon's work and life. In robbery the police accused Breton and being trying to set up an interview with an the field of theatre he tried to work on Basque autonomists (ARB and ETA), official speaker for ETA for the past eight peoples minds, tire goals were to help people stating that the robbery was politically months. He stated that ‘the Judge, L. le to develop a higher and deeper way of motivated and it could only have been Vert, has nothing against me in her files' He thinking. carried out by well-informed professionals. is not allowed to leave Finistere and has to He was influenced by Irish and Welsh Three Basques, in possession of 2.5 tons repot to the police station every week to writers such as Synge and Roberts. of dynamite were arrested near Pau register. R. Hemon was not strictly a nationalist - (S.W./Fr.) shortly afterwards and 700KG of he was an internationalist. He was opposed dynamite was found in Segllan (56- BZH) to seeing Brittany retiring within itself, he on the 30lh September. Within two weeks of was in favour of going beyond the borders the robbery 11 men were arrested — five created by the French state out into the rest Basques and six Bretons. Six are accused of the world. He was opposed to English. of ‘’criminal association with a terrorist German and French imperialism. organisation’. “The Basque - Breton In the ‘Meurlarjez’ show for example, a complicity” theory was taken up by the passage from his play 'Roperz Hemet’ deals media and fears grew that the nightmare with an Irishman who is accused of acting and repression of 1992 might start again. against the UK, defending Ireland with the The idea of co-operation between the ARB help of France. The character tells us that and ETA seems inconceivable. by acting the way he did he was not trying Last July the ARB said that they wanted to get a new King, but to get rid of the old to go in a new direction and organise one and be free. This was Hemon's way of attacks on symbolic targets. Since then they Charlie Grail have shown their strength by attacks in declaring his own thinking on nationalism. Courtesy of Bremah The most important thing for Hemon was Belfort (cf.: The Minister of Home Affairs) the future of the Breton language. He and Cintegabelle (cf.: Prime Minister). For Charlie Gall it is time to find a would consider everything done to promote ETA. on the other hand, has been involved political way to get new rights. ‘For twenty the language as good. His contribution to in a peace process since September 1998. years we have gained nothing. In some Breton literature and theatre was huge. He until recently. areas we have even lost power. The ARB gradually came to the conclusion that it Four of the Bretons, in jail in Paris, are uses violence, but it is not for fun. They risk would be the people and not the politically committed to the Breton their own lives for Brittany. Nevertheless, intellectuals who would save the language. movement: Dcnez Riou and Alan Sole are even some Bretons argue that new projects Ar Vro Bagan aims to encourage the respectively. Manager and President of and propositions to reorganise our society language through theatre. Combat Breton: Charlie Grail and Bertrand should be developed, otherwise violence Grimault are journalists with Breizh - Info. may become stronger in Brittany. S.G. The above four are all members of SG Assembly, and while many nationalists may be glad of the fall of Richards, this incident could turn out to be a cause for regret.

■ r i Plaid Cymru has adopted Eilian Williams ______from Caergybi/Holyhead to stand lor the Ynys Mon seat in Westminster next time. The seat has been held by Plaid's Ieuan Wyn Jones since 1987. but having been elected for Ynys Mon to the National Y■ W I I pV _ 1Mspç ( 1U VU1 IMccsf 1 Vv/UI v VJ UU* I? Assembly, Mr Jones is standing down from Westminster. Plaid’s two other Westminster MP’s who are now also AC's. Dafydd Wigiey (Caernarfon) and Cynog Datls (MP r ydym i gyd wedi clyvved am y nid English Telecom, oni ddylem gofio bod for Ceredigion, AC for Mid & West), will rhyngrwyd a sut y mae'n mynd I y gair British a'r gair Cymro yn gyfystyr also step down from Westminster and the Ynewid y byd. Yn barod yr ydym yn tan yr ail ganrif ar bymtheg yn Saesneg? search for alternative candidates is on. It is gallu prynu nwyddau yn rhatach nag y Beth bynnag yw’r ffordd y mae'r cwmni yn not yet decided whether the three members byddem yn talu mown siopau lleol. ond ym dehongli hanes y gair British ni allant will wait until the next Westminster mha iaith yr ydym am wneud hynnv? Y dderbyn yr iaith a gyfeirwyd ati fel British General Election or whether there will be bam cyffredin yw mai Saesneg yw iailh y (sef y Gymraeg) tan ddiwedd y bi-elections, but it is expected that Plaid rhyngrwyd. wel dyna farn Mr Dave Shaw ddcunawfed ganrif fel iaith ddiiys ar gyfer will do the same as Labour who have four (Wi'n siwr mai David yw c ond wedi’r gwefan y cwmni. Yn ei fam nis oes na sut members in both Cardiff and London, and cwbl rydym ni i gyd yn ffrindiau ar y 1c a Chacrdydd - doeddwn i ddim hyd yn who will all be stepping down from rhyngrwyd. onid ydym?) pan atebodd oed yn gallu dod o hyd i Fwrdd yr Iaith Westminster in favour of the Assembly. gwcstiwn gennyf paham nad yw gwefan Gymraeg yng Nghaerdydd (efallai y dylai'r BT, un o'r cwmniau sy a 'pholisi iaith’. yn hwrdd feddwl am hyn a cheisio darbwyllo ddwyieithog. ei aleb oedd British Telecom fod Caerdydd yn bodoii). ‘We did actively consider providing O ganlyniad i hyn i gyd a pharidrwydd It is a well-kept secret that the Post Office alternative languages such as cwmniau, a chryff eraill i anwybyddu'r in Wales produces Welsh airmail stickers Welsh on the service. However as Gymraeg y mae Cel I Caerdydd yn mynd I for use on letters to go overseas. Instead of English is the predominant ddechrau plismona (er. mewn gwirionedd. the standard “Airmail /Par avion” they language of the internet and hyddwn yn fwy o guerillas ieithyddol) state "Post awyr /Par avion”. They should because PhoneNetUK is also gwefannau ar y rhyngrwyd. Os hoffech chi be available free of charge but it seems that available la users outside o f the gyrinyu rhan yn y frwyur newydd noil very few post-offices In Wales bother to UK we decided to launch the byswig hon. befh am anfon ebost ataf I? stock them. Readers in Wales are service with only an English recommended to try their local post office, versio n .' Muiris Mag Ualghairg demanding that they obtain some if not in Chvvarae teg iddo yr oedd yn deal! mai [email protected] stock. Saesnag fydd pawb yn ci siarad er gwaethaf y ffaith ei fod yn amlwg mai’r Gymraeg yr oeddwn innau’n ei defnyddio ary rhyngrwyd! The Super Furry Animals have announced Y gwir amdani yw bod y rhyngrwyd yn that they will be releasing their next album her newydd i siaradwyr i icithoedd llai eu W a l e s i n B r ie f in Welsh. This Welsh-speaking group, who defnydd. Gall cwmniau fod a pholisVau started off as a group who performed in iailh ar gyfer ein gwledydd ni a dehongli r Welsh, have attracted some criticism for rhyngrwyd fel rhywbeth byd eang nad turning to performing in English for a yw’n berthnasol inni - ond y mae yr un Unfortunate events in London have not wider audience. After producing albums in mor berthnasol inni ag ydyw i un rhywun helped the development of Welsh politics. English, the songs on their next album, arall a dylem fynnu yr un driniaelh ami ag The forced resignation of Ron Davies as entitled "Mwng” (“mane”), will be in y darperir i ddefnyddwvr icithoedd ravvy o Secretary of Stale and prospective Welsh, hut it will still he launched onto the ran nifer siaradwyr, sef mynediad Hawn at Assembly leader after a well-reported Anglo-American pop scene and is expected y gwasanaethau yn ein hieithoedd ni! incident on Clapham Common was much to be no less popular with their fans. I weld enghraifft wael o ddwieithrwydd regretted in Wales. Davies’s enthusiasm for ar y rhyngrwydd a'r rhagdybiacth mai devolution - he had said that devolution is RapT Saesnag fydd yr iaith a ddefynyddir dylem not an event but a process - contrasted with edrych ar selfyllla Iwerddon (mar successor Alun Michael’s readiness to Eireannach is oth liom c seo a admhail ach ni comply with the wishes of Tony Blair. An raibh me in anil cupla focal Gaeilge a aimsiu incident in a street in London has now ar laithrean Rialtas na hEireann ce gur teanga resulted In the resignation of the Welsh Tory oifigiiiil i an Ghacilge) dim ond ychydig o leader Rod Richards, and his replacement eirtau Gwyddeleg sy ar wefan swyddogol by Englishman Nick Bourne. Welsh­ Llywodraeth Iwerddon er mai hi yw iaith speaking Richards, a Thatcherite on swyddogol y wlad — ond. wrth gwrs. Saesneg economic and civil matters, was a favourite yw iaith y rhyngrwyd yn 61 BT (ac y mae'n target for opponents because of his amlwg bod Llwodraeth Iwerddon wedi outspoken style. Bourne, appearing to be derbyn cyngor BT neu gorlftebyg). more moderate on the surface, may be one I fynd yn 61 at British Telecom - British of the most anti-Welsh members in the restrained if the partnership is to work. A ssembly Update This leaves open the possibility of attack for being “soft opposition”. The Tories Plaid in the Wales's first elected assembly for have even called Plaid “poodles of centuries is settling down to use it s limited Labour”, while they, ranting but powerless, powers to run Wales. Labour, as the largest are the “real” opposition. While the Curopean party, form the government with Alun relationship between Plaid and Labour in Michael as First Secretary (Prime the Assembly cannot be compared to that Minister), though they have no majority. between and their masters in Parliament Plaid Cymru, the second party, have taken London, such reactions show the need, the role of a ‘constructive opposition', from a nationalist point of view, for the supporting Labour’s policies alter trying to leaders of Plaid to maintain a balance in influence them where Plaid disagree and compromising. For the first time Plaid Cymru have achieving an agreed compromise. A series With Alun Michael becoming leader of members in the European parliament, the of meetings between Alun Michael and the National Assembly, Tony Blair has two members being Jill Evans and Eurig Dafydd Wigley has been held to this end. appointed as a new Secretary of State for Wyn. The Plaid members have joined the The new experience of Welsh Wales, Paul Murphy, the un-Welsh, new grouping the Green/European Free government and the result of our General probably anti-Welsh, right-wing MP for Alliance, which will be the fourth Election in May. yielding no overall Torfaen. Murphy’s experience as a minister strongest group in the Parliament. This majority, have produced interesting in the Northern Ireland Office is not likely new grouping has arisen as a result of the challenges for nationalists. There was no to have increased his sympathy for Celts. aligning of the European Free Alliance question of Plaid, the Tories and the One of his first declarations was to say that with the Greens. The former group Liberal Democrats being able to join to devolution was not going to go any further. includes nationalists and rcgionalists from form a government. The right-wing Tory (The contrast with Ron Davies’s “not an the Basque Country, Andalucía and group of e\-anti-devolutionists are event but a process” could not be greater). Galicia as well as Cymru and Alba. unapproachable, and the Liberal The Labour Party in Wales subsequently Working together with the Greens will Democrats, led by the arrogant held an investigation into the losing of help them become more familiar with Englishman Mike German, have said that ground to Plaid in 1999 elections, and has implementing the politics of sustainability “they will not work with Plaid Cymru concluded that they need stop being seen as which will become increasingly important because they are separatists”. So this left puppets of London. Aiun Michael has even next century, while the Greens will Plaid with the choice of either standing made a "devolution is a process”-type become more familiar with the differences alone in opposition while Labour joined declaration similar to that of Ron Davies. between the nationalism of groups with the Lib. Dems. to form a solid The confrontation between the Assembly representing peoples who seek more unionist administration, as has happened in and Murphy is yet to come, but such a autonomy and the imperialist nationalism Scotland, or alternatively supporting a concessionary line is the result of pressure of the large nation states. minority Labour government with the from Plaid. Thus Plaid do not need total This is by no means the first time Plaid reward of some influence over policy. power to be able to further the cause of Cymru has found itself co-operating with The difficulty of working in partnership Wales. supporters of green issues. Plaid have a with political opponents is that public Kobat ap Tomos long record of supporting sustainable criticism of their policies needs to be energy developments and integrated transport plans, and in Ceredigion an alliance with the Green Party led to Plaid gaining the Westminster seat from the Liberal Democrats in the state General Nationalists targeted In New Bill Election of 1992.

Nationalists in Scotland and Wales could In a Home Office white paper in be arrested according to new legislation. December 1998, the Government declared Scottish and Welsh nationalists, peace its intention to extend terrorism laws, campaigners, animal right’s activists and stating: “In the last 25 years, the main anti-abortion protesters will be subjected to domestic terrorist threat in the UK has the same laws as in Ireland under the new come from militant animal rights activists bill. When tire Bill becomes law. the police and, to a lesser extent, from Scottish and will have the power to arrest without a Welsh nationalist extremists. ” specific offence in mind, question them for The Bill is anticipated to adopt the up to seven days without charge and deny meaning of terrorism used by the FBI in the them access to a lawyer for up to 48 hours. United States, which states that terrorism, The Government plans to broaden its is 'the use of serious violence against present meaning of terrorism from acts of persons or property, or the threat to use I Independent Scots read the I violence related to Northern Ireland politics such violence to intimidate or coerce the to include all forms of domestic and government, the public or any section of ‘Scots Independent’ international terrorism. The definition will, the public for political, religious or for the first lime, cover violence against ideological ends.' | Contact | property along with people. This may This creates serious worries about the include the destruction of crops or attacks definition of terrorism and to what extent 51 Cowane Street on laboratories and abattoirs. such a Bill can be interpreted and abused. Stirling FK8 1JW Many believe that there is no need for If the public is unhappy about the status such "draconian" measures, giving the quo, surely they should have a right to Alba/Scotland police greater powers and harsher voice their apprehension. Do people no Telephone punishments to so called politically longer have the right to question authority? Stirling 01786 473523 motivated offences. Whatever happened to Democracy? I______I

C orn 15 in Eirinn agus sa Bhreatain ag lorg Olbri Ghaeilge n6 Timin’ lan-aimseartha a : : II bheadh fostaithc, go hairithe sna Lar-lonad Eireannaigh anseo chun dul i mbun muintcoircachta agus chun sceim Ghaeilge sna scoileanna a chur i bhfeidhm i geeart. é i r e Is muinteoir Ghaeilge i Sasana me ag 1___ muineadh Ghaeilge as mo stuaim flic in - aon ait gur feidir liom rang a reachtail. iocann mo chursai muinteoireachta £100 in aghaidh na seachtaine dom as tailli na Cás na (lap.ildR xna Srnilp.anna bpaisti. daoine fasta no ionaid — nil leas mi soisialia ar fail dom go f6i 11. Nach ceart naire a bheith ar Rialtas na hEireann go bhfuilimid ag fulaingt ar an ngannehuid ( villici sa B h r P c i l a i n anseo cead hliain go leith tar eis an Ghona Mhoir? Mair&id Holt G abhaim buiochas do lucht Charn as Is i an Ghaeilge teanga den dara gràd de seans a tabhairt dom cùpla focaii a réir Liosta na dTeangacha Scoile anseo. Is Summary scriobh chun càs na Gaeilge sna ar liosta ’B' atà si. Is é sin gur teanga This article deals with the lack of scoileanna anseo i Sasana a lciriù. Ag an imircigh i ("Teanga Phoball") agus go provision for the teaching o f the Irish am seo anuraidh. d'ibógair an bheirt Aire gcaithfear rogha a dhéanamh idir i agus language in England, it is still only taught Airgeadais. an tAire Biunkett agus an tAire teanga eiie. Ni féidir an Ghaeilge a ligint outside the curriculum. The negative Ó Màirtin go bhféadfadh scolàiri an isteach ¡ mease na teangacha ar an ‘A’ attitude amongst many immigrants is not Ghacilgc à fhoghlaim mar abitar scoile liosta - teangacha na dtíortha iar-impiriùla. surprising considering the hypocritical GCSE ó Meàn Fómhair 2000 ar aghaidh. Oibrionn an córas seo don lucht a attitude of the Irish State and those in De réir mo fheasa, ni 1 scolàire ar bith sa labhraionn a dteanga féin mar priomh- power. The author, who teaches voluntary bhreis don GCSF. 2000 d’ainneoin an ràilis theanga. Ni labhraionn na pàisti as cùlra na Irish classes, asks for readers to write to seo. Is fior go mbeidh leaids a hAifricc nó an Ind srl. a dteangacha féin the Irish and British authorities seeking fhreastalaionn ar mo rangsa tar éis scoile ag ach oiread le muintir Chonamara cé go funding for full time Irish language officers cur isteach ar na scrudaithe i 2000 ach nil labhraionn a dtuisti iad eatarthu féin •- aris to teach and promote Irish in the Irish an Scoil sàsta an Ghaeilge a chur ar fàil ar cosùil le muintir na Gaeltachta. Ar an Centres and in the school system. an gCuraclam dóibh. Cé gur de chùlra na àbhar go labhraitear a dteanga féin fiù sna nGael scasca faoin gcéad de na scolàiri sna tiortha is boichte, admhafonn lucht na Scoileanna Caitileacha i dTuaisceart Breataine go gcailhlìdh si a bheilh ar fail Londain. mar snampia. nil fonn ar na do pháisti den dara ghiùin ci né teanga a scoileanna siud an Ghacilgc a sholàthar labhraionn siad féin i Sasana. dóibh. Nil na hacmhainn acu 6 thaobh Aris, is i caspa labhairt na Gaeilge i mease chursai airgid, eolais, mùinteoireachta nó na 'hUdaràis” in Éirinn an chùis ba mhó le suime de an seans a chur ar fàil nó nil an droch-chàs agus easpa stàdais na Gaeilge toil acu oidhreachl na nGael a aithint. anseo. Dùradh liomsa gur féidir le na Duirt Priomhoide amhàin liom gur as hÉireannaigh a dteanga féin a labhairt nuair Chonamara a thuisti féin (ar nós neart de na a theastaionn uathu ach nach dteastaionn scolàiri) ach nior léirigh sé féin tuiscint ar uathu bheith neamhspleàch go fóill! 1 bhfiuntas na teanga. Ach ni raibh sé glan i ndàirire, is beag an difriocht idir na daoine geoinne na leanga - nior smaoinigh sé Gorma agus na hÉireannaigh ó dtaobh riamh ar a chiilra agus ghlac sé le tuairimi cùrsai leangacha de - d’fhulaingiomar ó lucht labharlha an Bhéarla a ehreideann thaobh na staire de, theip orainn deis nach fiù teanga ar bith ach amhàin iad san a bheatha a fhàil sa bhaile. thàngamar ag lorg bhaineann le na tiorlha làidre, ar nós oibre. labhraionn àr bpáistí Béarla mar Fraincis agus Gearmàinis. Cc gur minic a priomb-theanga agus ni thoil lois an Rialtais deireann àbhar oidi gur chuir siad neart Dùchasach bheith freagrach as: Ach ni ama amò ag foghlaim Fraincise nuair ab i naithnitear lucht na hAifrice mar an Ghaeilge a bhiodh de dhith orthu. ni Shasanaigh. Is minic a deireann siad gur féidir nó ni theastaionn óna scoileanna an Breatanaigh ("British " m.s. ón lucht a chur luairim sin a ghlacadh. Is annamh a na Sasanaigh faoi chois jìad ach ni chuirtear labhraionn lucht labhartha an Bhéarla riamh teideal "Sasanaigh” orthu. A mhalairt Fraincis tar éis na scoile - duine nó dhó a ar fad ag na hÉireannaigh - ni athnitear iad théann go dti an Eoraip, b'fhéidir - ach tà mar British ach uaireannta athnitear iad mar SOLIDARITÉ IRLANDE an dearcadh dùr go fóill ann. Ni fiù Sasanaigh. Athnionn na hÉireannaigh iad Fraincis do na hÉireannaigh atà ag iarraidh féin i mease tiorlha na hEorpa - ms na Quarterly Magazine, in French, aimed at filleadh go hÉtreann. go mórmhór lucht na tiortha iar-impiriula. Chomh fada agus a informing European countries of the Gaeltachta. An féidir gearàn go hhfuil an dhiùltaionn na hÉireannaigh ó Dheas a Stair developments in Ireland. ioniarca gan Gaeilge tar éis filleadh agus agus an Ghaeilge. oibrionn an córas ar son 15F - 100FB - 4FS. Available from: lonnu sna Gaeltachtai nuair nach leasa na tiortha làidre impiriùla agus ni fiù Association Solidarité Irlande, Centre labhraionn baili an Rialtais Gaeilge iad gcaràin faoi dhroch-iompar na Sasanaigh. Social de Pen-Ar-Creach, Rue du féin? Ctiirfeadh sé nàire ort nach Muña bhfuil meas ag na hÉireannaigh orthu Professeur, Chretien. 29200 Brest. Brittany. labhraionn Feisiri na Dàla Gaeilge - is féin, cad ina thaobh go inbeadh meas ag E-mail: dkfoimnginéi.tr deacair iad a ghlacadh mar Eireannaigh dream ar bith eile rompu? Internet Site: vv.vv.w.mygale.org/06/sirl/ nuair a tliagann siad anseo. Scriobh lilir le do thoil chuig na hUdaràis Low Flying Hazard ‘Potentially Dangerous’

The Irish government has expressed its concern in correspondence to the Celtic League about the hazard caused by military low flying near British nuclear plants. The Celtic League had written to the Irish and Manx governments following an incident, on November 28. near the Tomess nuclear power station when an RAF Tornado jet came within seconds of crashing on the plant. The Celtic League also cited the dangers posed by the siting of air exercise ranges, such as those in the North Irish sea and training bases such as that at the Valley in Anglesey, close to nuclear power plants. In a letter from the Taoiseach's Office the Irish government say that they: The firs! meeting o f CAER (Education Society o f the European Regions) to be held outside ‘already have grave concerns about the Wales took place in October in Dublin and was organised with the assistance of operation o f the British nuclear industry, Gaelscoileanna. Some o f the delegates who attended the Sat. morning session are pictured and the additional risks posed by above, from left, A odóri O Laoire, (Irish Language Officer, Cork Corporation). Cat hai Ó hazardous flying close to these facilities Luain (Caelscoileanna), Phil Kelly, (Manx Language Officer, Mannin) and Tony Scott are potentially very serious. ' Warren (Jersey). (Photo, courtsey o f Co/m O Torna). This was the first meeting attended by Meanwhile the MOD are still tight lipped delegates from Mannin and Jersey, lectures were given on the position o f the Irish and about the incident and have not as yet Welsh language schools and on developments in the teaching o f Manx. The use o f new responded to an enquiry from the League technology and possibilities for further expansion in this area in primary and second level asking what steps will be taken to improve schools in Wales and Ireland was outlined and discussed. A new cooperative venture safety. between schools in Ireland, Wales, Norway and Galicia was announced. J. B. M

even then only ’primarily in Irish’. He feared the station would become I r i s h L a n g u a g e N e w s ‘cultural station’ broadcasting mostly in English. Nowhere in the legislation is the Gaeltacht mentioned, although it After intense lobbying by protection o f the linguistic and cultural was mentioned twice in the original Gaelscoileanna and the parents over heritage o f the Gaeltacht including the terms of reference of TnaG. Why. he many months recognition was finally promotion o f the Irish Language as the asked, was there no emphasis on granted by the Dept, of Education to community language where there is a providing programmes in Irish and a the all-Irish school in Mainistir na Gaeltacht area in the area o f the service for the Irish language Corann. Co.Cork. development plan". While welcoming community and the Gaeltacht? this as step forward in the context of no The heads of the promised Irish protection previously existing for the The appointments to the Irish Language Language Right’s Bill will not be Irish Language in planning legislation part of the new North South published until autumn 2000. This Comhdhái! Náisiúnta na Gaeilge said Foundation for Irish and Ulster Scots means that the stated intent of the this was not sufficient to ensure a contained a few surprises. There were Minister of State for the Gaeltacht. correct structure for Irish or the eight nominations made by Northern Eamon 6 Cuiv, to have the Bill enacted Gaeltacht. parties and eight from the Republic. in 2000 is unlikely to be achieved. From the North lontaobhas Ultach The provisions of the Broadcasting Bill (Ulster Trust) have two places of the During the elections for Udaras na (put to the Dáil in November) with six front the SDLP and the UUP. Sinn Gaeltachta calls were made for that regard to Irish Language Broadcasting Fein nominated a Gaeloiliuint worker. body to be given planning powers to and TG4 (the renamed Telefis na Gearoid Mac Siarcais from Belfast and enable it to protect the Gaeltacht from Gaeilge) were described as extrem ely Cionnaith 6 Suilleabhain from Cork (to schemes deleterious to the language. b a d by Ciarán Ó Feinneadha. Ciarán the surprise of many in the North However, the Minister for Environment was Chairman of the Feachtas apparently, why. for an All-Ireland and Local Government. Noel Dempsey, Náisiúnta Telefise. whose campaign party?). The main new names of any ruled out making any provision for this over many years eventually led to the note from the Republic were Liam 6 in the new Planning Bill. He did establishment of TnaG and he served Cuinneagain. Oideas Gael and however introduce an amendment, on the first board of that body He slated Jacqueline Ni Fhearghusa from which states that local authorities that TG4 is only required to broadcast Gaelscoileanna. should take into account “ th e news and current affairs in Irish and Man, Guernsey and Jersey for the first time. This latter body it may be noted is N o r t h e r n A g r e e m e n t consultative only and will only meet twice a P r o g r e s s , b u t y e t A n o t h e r C o n d it io n year but is seen as a Unionist counterweight to the development of the North South bodies. While any body which brings T he review of the Good Friday blocked he is taking a dangerous gamble representatives of Celtic countries together, agreement initiated following the indeed. albeit with Westminster dominant, might boycott of the Northern Assembly Nevertheless, with acceptance of the have some possibilities for development session (to elect the Executive) by the Ulster review outcome the two governments (particularly as the Scottish Parliament and Unionist Party earlier in the year was moved quickly on other issues. In late Welsh Assembly hopefully move towards completed in early Nov. The tactic of November the Northern Assembly independence), let us he quite clear that removing the process from the North, having appointed Ministers to the Executive in line such a body is not seen in any sense as a closed sessions with no media contact, with the party allocations determined by prototype inter Celtic one. Suggestions of minimising speculation and ensuring no representation in the Assembly. There were some type of a 'Britannic' confederation leaks took place seemed to facilitate a final some surprises in the way the appointments were made and rejected very firml> nearly positive outcome, in his report US Senator fell and various predictions did not two decades ago as being fatally flawed in George Mitchell stressed the parties materialise. The one most commented on omitting Brittany (and where is Kernow commitment to the implementation of the was that of Martin McGuinness as Minister now?) and unnecessarily including England Good Friday Agreement in the context of lor Education, (already in some of the whose long term policies are still to three principles agreed: Unionist heartland’s there have been dominate her smaller neighbours. This is protests involving schoolchildren, still the case today. Devolution has only • an inclusive Executive exercising organised it is suspected by DUP been granted in the end of the day to devolved powers supporters). A Ministry which many had maintain the Kingdom united. In this thought Sinn Fein or the SDLP would seek, context a far more positive development is • decommissioning of all paramilitary that of Culture, Arts and Leisure, went the establishment of strong bilateial links arms by May 2000 instead to the UUP’s Michael McGimpscy. such as could be foreshadowed by the • decommissioning to be carried out in a He now becomes responsible for Irish recent establishment of Irish Consulates in manner determined by language policy in the North (as well for Edinburgh and Cardiff. International Commissioning on promotion of the dialect of English called Decommission (IICD) Ulster Scots). While Dr. ’s DUP Ministers accepted their appointments they Senator Mitchell welcomed the IICD will refuse to sit on the Executive. assessment and said he shared its In December other elements were put in conclusion that: " decommissioning is by place. Power was formally devolved to the Army puts itself definition a voluntary act and cannot be siCsr\ 11/1 hi/in T /-»i d imposed, io bring decommissioning about IAL/UVC m e L-iUW the IICD will need the co-operation and support of the political parties, using all the inf uence they have, together with the The Celtic League have accused the British wholehearted commitment of paramilitary Army of putting themselves above the law organisations. While decommissioning is in relation to the case of the two Scottish an essential element of the Agreement, guardsmen, and James the context in which it can he achieved is Wright, convicted of murdering Belfast the overall implementation of the man Peter McBride. Agreement. AH participants have a After their early release from custody an collective responsibility in this regard ” Army Board found that the two men could , leader of the UUP. seems remain in the army on the grounds that to have ignored the emphasis here in the way serving personnel sentenced to periods in lie went about getting an endorsement from custody could avoid dismissal from the the Ulster Unionist Council for the outcome service if there existed 'exceptional Martin McGuinness of the review. The motion, which was put circumstances’. and accepted by them, included a guarantee However, in the High Court. Mr. from Trimble that he would resign from any Northern Assembly and Executive ending Justice Kerr described the decision as Executive set up if decommissioning had not twenty-five years of direct rule from 'flawed' and subsequently the original commenced by February 2000. Westminster. The Taoiseach signed a decision was quashed. The MOD have Of course there was no talk of this in the declaration giving effect to the revised since confirmed, in November, that the review and the Agreement itself envisaged Articles 2 and 3 of the Republic’s case would be subject to further review by decommissioning by May 2000 with Constitution. The North - South Ministerial Army Board members who had no progress made on all elements of the Council and the Cross-Border involvement in the previous decision Agreement in the meantime, the original Implementation Bodies were initiated At the time the Celtic League wrote to schedule for example saw an Executive (Inland Waterways. Food Safety. Trade and the MOD pointing out that the relevant and Cross Border institutions set up in Oct Business Development, Special EU section of Queen’s Regulations did not '98. Now after 18 months of stalling by Programmes. Irish Language and Ulster allow the appointment of multiple panels Trimble on all implementation measures Scots, and Aquaculture and Marine). and accused the MOD of perverting the he has set his own unilateral deadline of Finally, a week before Christmas, the first regulations. two months on the largely symbolic issue meeting of the British Irish Council was The League has now asked the UK of decommissioning! If he is gambling on held. This brought together representatives government’s senior Law Officer why the getting this gesture when progress on of the Irish and British governments, the MOD believes they can set themselves major issues such as the implementation of Northern Assembly, the Scottish above the Law. the Patten report on reform of the RUC are Parliament, the Welsh Assembly, the Isle of J.B.MolTatt ma an theaw debarres gen leeas blethan. 3 L Richard Gendall

Lost... Two Kings!

ernoiv Precis'. A general delusion has persisted in : ------: - : popular belief that the last tw o kings o f Cornwall were Hywel, apparently mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and Ricat, apparently commemorated on a memorial now at Penlee House. Because Kelles... Deaw Vatearn! ‘West Wales' was a term applied both to Cornwall and to the western part o f Wales, it has been wrongly assumed that they B reaz leeas dro than dewetha deaw na en screffow avare an leean Kimbrack: en Hywel mentioned in the chronicle was vatearn a Kernow ew dre vee angye gweer en taa ma angye menegas leeas King of Cornwall at the time of the Hywel suyes gen Ricat. Thera nye gweith an teer nye ha’n dewetha matearn conquest by Athelstan. Ho mention was riddia en move vel edn daryvas dre vee gweer nye. Doniert. reeg gawas e ankow cn ever made o f such a Cornish king in the llowel a vee fethes gcnz an matearn 8 76 thort bethy. Gwethes aweath en king lists o f the period, but on the other Sousnack Athelstan. ken boaz an screffow Kimbrack ma record an vateamath hand the independent Welsh records as Kemowian bannes tha tewe west an Tamar, Kemuack en ooz Geraint, buz nag iggans well as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle give ha drewa Ricat reeg e suya, ew coves en compla Howel na Hywel der reason sempill much detail about the Welsh Hywel (who mean beath en Plas Penice. An credgians dro hebma an kessam Hywel a Cerdigion ha lived and died at exactly the dates claimed ma ew dew tha theaw viscomerians. Gwenez en Kimbra West Kimbrack, ny for a Cornish 'Hywel'). There was no En Covath Sousnack rag an vlethan 918 Kimbra West Kemow. Na vee edn Matearn Hywel King of Cornwall! thera nye riddia: : "an vatearnath en Hywel a Gernow! The llth century cross to one Ricat Kimbra, Hywel Clydog had Idwal han deez An nessa matearn ew kelles than now at Penlee House was purported by Kimbrack oil reeg wheel as eve (Eddy) vel heynes Kernuack thew Ricat. En Plas Macalister to refer to him as king. There is a r l e th " . Mar tene nye ha madra an Penlee ma edn growz pedn-roze reeg saval however no sign of such an inscription, screffow Kimbrack rag an kethe oozma, kenz en telhar marhas Penzans. War kein nor was it mentioned by Langdon in 1890 thera nye tesky drceg rowlia Hywel he e an poss ma stult cawas screcf a leb ma an when any inscription would have been vrodar Clydog, mibbian Cadell. en bar leall gerriow kennkies, buz pelha ages clearer, nor can Charles Thomas today orlewan Kimbra. En 920 Clydog ap Cadell hedna ma sertayne allow stoppia Macalister find any trace o f such an inscription: a verwas, ha Hywel reeg sindga an laze tha thort riddia an gerriow ‘Regis ricati crux' furthermore, the cross is identified with the e hunnen en ednack. Pereeg Idwal mervvall (Crowz an Matearn Ricat) en 1929. Nagew important Domesday Manor o f Alverton, en 942. Hywel a drailias whathe moye drigge an growz nan gerriow devethes and any Cornish King o f that time would gallogek arta, a comerás pohar vel matearn moye lewethack na kelles thea daryvas certainly not have escaped mention in Gv'cnez ha'n noor-west a Kimbra. Macalister. Nag eze comples gear veeth a records. Alas! There was no King Ricat o f Eddy a verwas en 924. Bedn 927, an gerriow an parma gan A.G. Langdon* et c Cornwall either! matearn Athelstan o pednzhivick, ha thera lever Crowzow Coath Kernuack, screffcs Our last attested king was Doniert, nye riddia en Daralla Sousnack, "kenever en 1890, a vee dres mar leeas blethan an who died in 876. and whose well marked leer en ennisma a vee dreis dada e row! lever cumpas, wos drigava madra per glose memorial stands by the road near St. Clere eve, kenza Hywel. matearn Kembrian an an mean ha mens o screfles adro thotha. Orlewan... " Suya hebma thera ruster lean En ooz ma nag eze meneges traveeth pub matearn liha, ha ethewa obma reeg war an gerriow besyma gen an A’hro dallath an miscomerians dro than gevcran Charles Thomas, a leb ma e auctorite ha e Some notes on Dr Ken Gernuack. Drevan o Kernow meneges a wovenek erwyr dres slum ¡as. En deda. na George’s termen tha orrol vel ‘Kimbra West’ e vee vee an screef biscath crefheis gen kene Gerlyver Kenewek Kemmyn deshaves en cabm dreeg Hywel doaz a deskadger heynes na archaeologack. thort Gemow. ha ny en deda athor an bar west a leb nye a dale suppoga drewa dew moye Kimbra, hcnew Ceredigion ha Gwenez. tha fantad an ymaginacion a Macalister paper, which looks at the validity of the Polytack Hywel a vee skientek. he e avel than wreanath. Ma markes aweath gen database of traditional Cornish texts: hugeth laze reeg treegas crownick. ha geres Thomas pothew termen an growz thort an from which Dr George, the creator of en crees genz an Sausen. Ma e hanow a I Ivas cansblethan. dro tha 1050. ha Kenewek Kemmyn. worked. tisquethas gen tvtyll 'is-vateam' en sertayne kevrennek gen manar an Lever an Deeth He argues that: ‘Dr George’s chaturs Sousnack. hag e reeg cawas compoza Breaz a Alverton. na alga leall matearn an an lahes Kimbrack. ha bis en moaz war termen ma boaz sconies na geres meza authentication codes in his G e rly v e r pryeryngath en 928 heb owne a thelYolans records an heynes. Seweth! Na vee beska veelh thort tut Sausen. Eve a verwas en 949, edn Matearn Ricat a Gemow noniel! computer corpus and program used were "pedn Ita laude an Bril tez oil" (949: ‘A Ma hebma an leall gwra dro than unreliable.' The dictionary frequently Howel Da vab Cadell vrenhin. Pen a molyant dewetha deaw ‘vatearn' nye. buz wos misrepresents the number of times words yr hoi I Vrytanveit a vu varw’). dralgava boaz ahas rag an lenner. na dale occur, the texts and periods in which they Hebma ew an kessam Hywel po Howel dotha boaz cothes. Per thiougcl nye a vee appear and indeed often asserts that words ew cabm gredges tha voaz dewetha matearn mateamath o leall récordes hag affirmes, are not attested at all when they are Kernow. Weer. ma an hanow H yw el buz na vee Howel na Ricat part nongy. common.’ deskidnia moye vel eneth en screffow ♦ Betha why avizies: Na dale meskegy Copies of the paper can be obtained, Kimbrack. buz pub trevath ma an lydniath A.G. (Andrew) Langdon ha A.G. free of charge, from: Nicholas Williams, stirries, ha na theath onen veeth nothans (Arthur) Langdon. Ma gwreis genz a Department of Modern Irish. University athor Kernow. Nagew tabm veeth an case niel ha e gila govennek pednzhivick College, Dublin 4, Ireland. dro Kemow nckeves et an daralla Kimbrack war heynes an crowzow Kemuack, buz /oow enefer 'T'estiucil

Golok War Studh Kernow A reduction was noticed in the amount of Cornish used in the Lowender Festival, held In Porth Pcrran every October, this year compared with last year. This festival, N owydh devedhys o'ma cihiworth liwarva war Bons Tamar. Ny wodhyn ni na attended by hundreds of people, many of Kuntelles Vlydhcnek an Gesva. hwath oil hemma mar kwra dhe'n bobel whom come from outside Cornwall, Is a Peil lowr y\v aban skrifis vy rag aswonn wostiwedh na dheur Kernow good opportunity to give a public profile to Carn mes ogas lowr ov vy dhe gres an dhe’gan rewlysi unn favenn goek! the language and activists must put movyans may hallav vy ri dérivas. Pytli eus Yma re ow synsi a’n partlow koth. re pressure on the organizers to ensure that the dhe wcles y'n rann a vywnans Kernow a erell ow kwaytyas neb merkyl dhiworth introductions to as many events as possible omwra an dasvyvvnans kellek'? Yn unn ‘Sencdli an Stennoryon'. Moy a dus a veu are done bilingually. There is room to fordh y hyllyn ni gwellhe ow cher. Nans dynnys y n gaskyrgh dhe gemmeres aga le increase the amount of Kernewek used on yw peli ny veu kcmmys ober na kemmys y'n diskwedhyansow ma... literature associated with the festival as lowena gwrys dre vayn an taves kernewek: Onan hag oil! yw lavar koth Kernow, well Lyvrow pals a dhiskwedhir war bub (moy yn govenek ages gwlrvos-eghanl). testcnn. y ’ga mysk istori ha kals Kuntelles kemmyn a bardhonieth. Adar henna, ha tra nowydh synsir dhe'n 4a a Vis Hedra: geryow da ha rag Kernow. tri po peswar gwerlhi a wra fur a dheu yn mes a'n tu na: y fydh dhe les Sonyow Kernewek displetya ha profya dhe'n bobel ha'n les gweles yw a moy a vern hedhyw yn jydh ha'n downder an pyth a wrer: Kanow ha dhe bobel a vynno gweles ‘islori’ rag A chart of the sounds of Cornish, according menestrouthi aw enys der an hengov a hol Kernow y’n termyn a dheu. to the Kernewek Kemmyn theory', has been patron sewen an bagasow yn Brcten Dhe wir. yma dyllas parys ow kortos produced, consisting of an example of one Vyghan bag Iwerdhon. Nessa henedh a Kernowyon gonisogeth hag yn polltegieth word containing each phoneme together nmgemmeras displegvans (ha displelyans) mar kyllir aga skokkya. with attractive pictures and entitled korv donsyow' desedhys ha restrys ugens Julyan Holmes ‘Sonvow Kernewek’. Drawn up by Philip blydhen alemma. Donsyoryon yowynk Tan Knight, it is intended to publish the chart as ha D owr re dhiskwedhas ass yw bywek an P récis an A3 poster and as a teacloth. and there korv ma, arag pobel Iwerdhon hag Just hack from the AGM in my home will be an accompanying cassette. While Amerika. town, I thought 1 would briefly describe not all speakers agree with the Kemmyn Kalessa yw menowgh terri dre Cornish revival as / see it today. The method of pronouncing Cornish, this chart anwodhvos (ha fowt hwans dyski) an general economic decline has not been sets out the elements of this system media: gwell yw gansa, drefenn kals moy halted yet alone reversed! Continued particularly clearly and thus will contribute es, pesya ow kwertha dhyn an paradhys massive emigration, to England and to a general understanding of the different Amerikanek! lia sedhi a wra heb aga overseas, is combined with an ever - Ideas about the pronunciation of the merkya obereth y ’n yeth. Tyvi a wra increasing tide of 'refugees' from the language. devnydh an taves awos oli an kedrynn adro deserts of English inner-cities. dhe lytherenieth. Nyns yw res bos henna Action groups have been set up. meur a vern pan besyas an taves kew sys reacting to special issues. One o f them, gans an moyha-niver heb nameur trelva. naturally, the betrayal o f our last tin-mine Gonisogeth Lemmyn Soweth unn furv a gernewek a veu prolyes by its owner (and the government s total a’y wosa na yllir y gonvedhes an lack o f concern). Others are dedicated to The radio station Pirate FM (not actually a gernewegoryon usi genen ni seulabrys. reminding the Cornish and the rest of pirate station!) has stopped broadcasting (Kemmysk koynt yw a eghenn gernewek Britain about great events in our national the news in Cornish. Their news program ‘diwedhes’ ha Sowsnek a’n oes Victoria!) hisloiy. In Cornish, called ‘Gonisogeth Lemmyn’ Y'n bys erbysiethek. ober a fyll dhe'n There are people out there with the with Matthew Clarke, was popular and a re yowynk, a dal Invaili (kepar ha Jowan knowledge and policies: the difficulty is in campaign for its restoration has been Chi'n hordli) lavurya peli ow hwiias hwel forging a unity of purpose. We shall see if started. At the time of writing Pirate FM dhe wul. Hedhyw ynjydh ny fyll dhyn some o f those awakened to political action had not clarified the position. Further pobel rag astiveri an kolt — an re eus gansa by local issues, will show themselves at the pressure can be applied by writing to: pvgans lowr dhe dhiank a'n difeythlir Mebvon Kernow annual meeting Joseph Swain, Manager. Radio Pirate FM. abervedh y’n sitys Pow Sows! Sludhyo Carn Brea, Vor Wilson, Redruth, Gallas, dell hevel, bys vinytha. an TR15 3XX, Kernow. hweîyow sien, hag yma an diogyon ha'n byskadorvon keffrys yn esow. Parys yw peub dhe gollenki plontyans an gwask a dheghow. ow tewlel an fowt war ‘Europa’. C e l t ic Cornish Bible Yn mysk an bagasow a dus kolonnek usi owth omladh rag gwitha yn tyw spyrys C o n g r e s s The translation of the Bible into Cornish is gwir Kernow. govynn a wrer ‘Ple'ma an continuing. The latest books to be fog’? Gwrys yw gansa obereth veur. rag An Kuntelles Keltck veath zenzes en published by Kesva an Taves in Kernewek ensampel dew gcrdh. onan bys yn Kernow hcvTena, the Bude an 24a Kemmyn are the Epistle to the Hebrews Loundres ha'y gila dhe Geresk. rag kovhe tereba an 29vez Ebrel (termen Task) translated by Graham Sandercock. the darvosow a vern yn istori an wlas: Rag pel la derivadow peiJgows tha Book of Esther by Phi lip Knight, the Letter Adar henna. Dallcth movyans politck Denise Chubb war (01209) 842394. to the Romans and the three Letters of John nowydh a syvvyas terri fydh dre berghenn The year will be held in all bv Wella Brown, and the Epistles to the Krofli Deghow ha'n difyk a dliiffres a- Kernow this year, in Bude from the 24th Galatians and to Philemon and the Letter of barth Loundres. to the 29th April. For further details call Jude all by Julyan Davey. Diskwedhyansow sorr an Gernowyon a +44 1209 842394. Rabat ap Tomos Cohagtym lowal da sleih Ihiggey er dy vel reddyn politickagh 'neu-pholitickagh'. Son shickyrys, Lhisagh y Commeeys as y Cohaglym co-obbraghey. Ayns Mannin. ta shen taghyrt hannah er aghtyn beggey. Foddcc dy bcagh co-obbraghey oikoil ny anni n s'doillce: ta Mannince dy liooar er ngoll ass shilley er y skian jesh jeh'n pholitickaght as kyndagh rish shen t’ad smooinaghtyn dy vel Ard-Scrudeyr y Y COMMEEYS CELTIAGH AS Chommeeys goll rish sorch dy youyl! Bcntyn rish ny cheeraghyn elley, cha nel fys ec olteynyn ennagh jeh’n Chohaglym Y COHAGLYM CELTIAGH dy vel y Commeevs ayn (as gyn ourys, cha nel fys ec olteynyn ennagh jeh ’n a baase trimsagh Alan Heusaff cur lhiam y skeeal mychione yn inneen jeh Chommeeys dy vel y Cohaglym ayn). Son orrvm smooinaghtyn mychione y aspick ayns Mannin paart dy vlceantyn er y traa t’ayn, she cubbyl quaagh t’ayn: TCommeeys Celtiagh as y Cohaglym dy henney. Va’n inneen shoh goll dys shenn ven seyr ta laccal dy ve cooyrtoil, ta Celtiagh as gleashaghtyn Celtiagh elley. Va brastyl Gaelgagh as hooar peiagh ennagh goll er y scooyr dy follit nish as reesht, as mee er veeiteil rish Alan roish shen, agh va magh dy row yn ennym eck recortyssit stuggey breeoil ta gaase ny shinney. rieau cooinaghtyn aym jeh’n tra haink mee ayns pabyryn ‘follif ayns ard-stashoon ny ny whail ayns Divlyn ayns 1966. Va shen meoiryn-shee. Ben ghaueagh v’ayn my Brian Stowell lieh-chcead blein lurg Irree Magh 1916 as v’ee gynsaghey Gaelg! va'n ard-valley inmeagh dy liooar erreish Lhisagh ny sheshaghtyn Celtiagh Summary da Pillyr Nelson goll er sheidey seose. gobbraghey ry-cheilley ny smoo. Ta'n After Alan Heusaff's sad death, it is (Ec y traa shen, cha row Radio Vannin chooid smoo jeh ny sheshaghtyn shoh goll particularly relevant to say that co­ lesh reiltys Vannin as va arraneyn myr "Up er y raad oc hene. Eddyr l'ad almoragh operation and information interchange is went Nelson in old Dubliu’ ry-chlashtyn er mychione sheshaghtyn Celtiagh elley, er needed between the myriad Celtic y radio, cred eh ny dyn.) Va Alan as mish nonney s’cummey Ihieu dy vel sheshaghtyn societies, especially between the Celtic goaill ayrn ayns chaglym jeh sheshaghl elley ayn. Agh. ga dy bare dooin feddyn League and the Celtic Congress. haink rish as hie magh ass tappee dy liooar magh foddey ny smoo mychione ooilley ny - Commeeys yn Acglagh Celtiagh. Hug sheshaghtyn shoh. veagh eh ny varran Alan leaght feer anaasagh mychione fardailagh dy phrowaJ dy chur un sheshaght shennaghys y Vritaan as y vea echeysyn foawragh er bun, veagh goll er stiurey henc Loayr eh mychione yn aghi va ny veih’n vean. Frangee cur gagli red Britaanagh fo chosh Keead blein er dy henney, v’ch feer Closer as yn aght ren en scapail veih’n vaase ec fassanagh dy ve ‘Celtiagh' (myr t'eh nish). kione y nah chaggey mooar. Ec y traa shen Va sleih berchagh as pooaral loayrl dy niartal as rish ymmodcc blecantyn lurg shen va'n mychione eddyr-Cheltiaghys. Ayns Mnnnin, reiltys Frangagli geiyrt orroosyn va ’eo- va sleih doaieagh ass towse goaill ayrn Links obbraghey' lesh ny Oermaanee. Shimmey mooar sy ghleashaght Cheltiagh. S’Iiklee Frangagh ren co-obbraghey dyn yss da nagh row meoiryn-shee imneagh freayll sleih elley ren deyrey sleih nagh ren co- arrey er lheid y sleih shen. Agh eisht haink y obbraghey er chor erbee. chied chaggey mooar as Irree Magh 1916 Moves to create formal parliamentary Coll rish Britaanee elley, ren Alan scapail ayns Nerin. Cha row eddyr-Cheltiaghys links between the Manx and Irish gys Nerin. Red nagh nhione da monney fassanagh arragh as va sleih ayns Mannin (as governments came a step closer in sleih nish, ren sleih ayns ollooscoillyn cheeraghyn elley fo Hostyn) Ihiggey er nagh October when a delegation of Manx Bretnagh coonev lesh Britaanee scapail veih row Nerin ayn. Er aght ennagh. Iiannee y politicians were guests of the Irish baase sy Rank. As va kuse jeh ny Bretnee Cohaglym Celtiagh fo raad feiy ny government. shen nyn olteynyn jeh’n Chohaglym bleeantvn. Neayr's y traa ta lys ayms er. she Irish parliament's Speaker. Seamus Celtiagh. sheshaght ta gra dy vel ee 'neu- shenn sleih la goaill aym sy Chohaglym son Pattison, was asked by pholitickagh'. Quaagh dy liooar. shen y fa y chooid smoo. Son shickyrys. ta sleih aeg MHK if he would consider a formal dy dug Alan Heusaff y Commeeys Celtiagh goaill amane as kiaulley ec ny cohaglymyn parliamentary relationship in order to er bun ayns ny bleeantvn tree feed: cha row bleeaney, agh she shenn sleih la stiurey y speak with unity on matters of mutual y Cohaglym Celtiagh gra 'politickagh' rish Cohaglym Celtiagh - sleih ta dy mennick interest - like Sellafield. bene as v’eh cooie sheshaght noa y chur er gaccan nagh vod ad cleayney feallagh aeg Mr Lowey, MLC, commented that bun veagh dellal rish cooishyn Celtiagh dy stiagh. (Jean y red cheddin cheet er y building a close working relationship jecragh as dy politickagh. Chommeeys Celtiagh?) was important, especially given the Ta mish hene smooinaghtyn dy vel dy Er y gherrid, ta banglane Albinagh y formation of the Council of the Isles, chooilley nhee politickagh. Cha nod oo Chohaglym Celtiagh er chur magh formed as a result of the Irish peace shaghney politickaght. Agh ta mee kianlt treealtyssyn dy yannoo y Cohaglym ny process. lesh y Cohaglym Celtiagh. 'sheshaght neu- smoo breeoll as ‘profeshoonagh’ boristi cur , MHK said. 'We need pholitickagh'. rish ny smoo na daecd blein. er bun ard-oik as pointei 1 fir-oik veagh friends outside the UK and this sort of Cre’n fa? Er y fa dy vel y Cohaglym geddyn faill. Agh s'doillee troggal argid link with our Celtic brothers is one way politickagh er aghi cromagli. Er lhiam nagh cour shen. Myr shen. ta'n Cohaglym of getting our voice heard.’ He also vod oo gra dy vel oo laccai coadey as cur er tannaghtyn myr sorch dy chlub ry-hoi said that they had been received with e hoshiaght ny eultooryn Celtiagh gyn y ve shenn chaarjyn. Agh cha nod oo gra dy vel more sincerity than they would have politickagh. Clio leah's t'ou gra dy vel oo shen ny red scammyltagh ayns eash tra ta been 'with the UK lot’. currit da chengev Cheltiagh erbee, drogh-yantee ayns colughtyn shimmey peiagh ta smooinaghtyn dy vel eddyrashoonagh kiarail geddyn rey rish CJK shen ny red siane politickagh. S'cooin reddyn leaghar ayns bea sheelnaue. As ta'n utumn 1999 marked the 25th Today a number of groups of young anniversary of the commencement Manx Traditional musicians has sprung up. playing Manx A of Manx traditional music sessions music in their own way which may or may at the Central bar in Peel. As in other parts Music 25 Years On not have anything lo do with the revived of the Celtic world Mann was undergoing a tradition of the 1970s or that of the old revival in various aspects of its traditions, playing tunes in sets, in accordance with tradition-bearers. It is more geared to public particularly in the realm of language, music what we now know of the earlier (genuine) performance than to genuine session playing and dance. tradition from documentary sources, had to in consequence of which only a small The Manx music sessions at the Central wait until the early 1990s. number of tunes are (well) practised and developed from the playing of popular folk, Throughout the 1980s the sessions, played. This has resulted in a restricted wider and until 1977 the informal gathering of nevertheless, kept going, and in 1989 repertoire essential for session performance. musicians of varying numbers played under decamped to the Whitehouse. also in Peel, In comparison, say. with the playing of the loose umbrella name o f C e ltic their present venue. At the start of Lite 1990s , which has its own Tradition. In 1977 a conscious step was a fresh look at the material was made. Tunes momentum and etiquette, whether the made to jettison the popular folk repertoire regarded as incomplete in the available session is in Ireland. England, or in and to concentrate solely on Manx collections were completed with a respective Timbuktu, the Manx traditional music scene. traditional material under the umbrella A or B part in a maimer that accorded with 25 years on. is still fragmentary, with its name of B w o ie D o a l ‘blind boy’ (from the tune’s structure. In addition, there various expressions. This in turn had led to Tom Kerntode of Bradda. traditional fiddle appeared a welter of new' tunes within the an emergence of prima donnas as well as player and main contributor to the Clague traditional format, particularly from younger solo performers. There is little or no etiquette Collection). The process had been gradual. musicians, which enhanced the repertoire still at session performance, and the Peel In 1975 photocopies of the Clague ms. considerably. At the same time the session has allowed itself of laic to be open traditional music collection, housed in the documentary material was once again to non-Manx music in a manner dial would Manx Museum library, began circulating reviewed, which led to fresh interpretation not have been tolerated 2-25 years ago. among musicians and each week new tunes and to the introduction of playing tunes of In spite of everything the sessions at were learned and played. The material like structure (i.e. jigs, reels, hornpipes, etc.) Peel have survived, and it can be said that found in this and other extant ms. or in sets at a more robust speed, thus practically every senior musician who printed sources at the time were to be enhancing the whole performance. This plays Manx traditional music today has at regarded as the repository of ’Manx' approach, however, found little favour with one time or other gone ‘through the mill’ of material, even though the material itself is some of the old guard, which led once more Bwoie Doal. This in itself is a tremendous heterogeneous, with many tunes finding to disagreement and the springing up for a achievement for the Peel session. parallels in the music traditions of the while of new sessions at other venues. Long may it continue. „ „ surrounding countries. At that time the playing of Irish tunes was much in vogue in Mann among many at the forefront of economic growth. It is Manx musicians. However, at the Central a O f f s h o r e A s p e c t s doubtful whether the Irish Republic would conscious decision and effort was made to have boomed at all but for the combination concentrate only on Manx material, and tins The image of the offshore financial and of its educated workforce combined with a policy was enforced by general agreement services world is probably, at least, slightly 10% tax on manufacturing and financial with Stalinesque fervour. The reasoning was tainted in the perception of most people. activities In the Republic. In the relocation simple. Manx music had not been played for The offshore world offers a wide variety of or location of new operations tax is often many a year and was thus in a weak position services which involve a largely legitimate the most important factor. when set against a thriving Irish tradition. If tax avoidance so that capital gains can be The Isle of Man now very much Manx music was not played at the Central rolled over in making investments and also depends economically on its tax based no one else would play it. some income tax saved, e.g. an insurance industries and these include not only those The introduction of Manx tunes, as I investment bond linking a life assurance in the financial sector but also much smaller say. was gradual, and I well remember the policy to investments has proved a popular scale manufacturing, marketing and. more Saturday evening around 1977 when we got vehicle. This type of arrangement is widely recently, e-commerce activities. Against through the evening playing only Manx used in the isle of Man where this background the Manx government has material. There was a feeling of insurance/investment companies such as come to recognise that it must support considerable satisfaction all round, that we Clerical Medical and Eagle Star legitimate tax based activities not only to had achieved a significant milestone in the International are strongly represented. prosper but also to survive. In short it must promotion of Manx music. In the years that The old-fashioned way of “managing" be prepared for complete independence followed the ms. or (earlier) printed material an offshore company through the use of front the UK if the UK were to try to began to appear in published form which nominee directors in a “no lax" country impose its own tax regime. made it readily available to a wider public. such as Andorra or Sark (sometimes The Isle of Man government must also However, there was one problem. We referred to as “the Soutit Lark”) is rapidly carefully and fairly address the major social had no sound-recorded examples of the disappearing. Under the UK Labour issue of soaring house prices readily caused playing of Manx traditional music available Government a review of the British low tax by the expansion of the financial sector and to us. only descriptions in 17-19th century islands (Guernsey. Jersey and the Isle of consider how it is to bring an average house commentaries. In consequence there was a Man was undertaken. You will realise that within the realm of the average family. certain licence in interpretation which in many representatives of that government, However, one must add that misuse of due course led to disagreement. The both in opposition and in power have staled offshore vehicles continues as is performance at the Central was felt by that these h a ven s will be d o s e d d o w n demonstrated by tite connection of a Manx some to be lack-lustre, at times ‘funerinf in added to which European harmonisation corporate service provider to the delivery, with almost each tune being and tax captive initiatives are in the US/Russian government loan money thrashed out ad nauseam, w ith a pause for pipeline in the very near future. laundry scandal. The service provider is a smoke in between. There was little or no From the viewpoint, not only of those claiming it had no knowledge of the session etiquette (a facet of tradition death), islands, but also of the Irish Republic itself, laundry aspect and this begs the question and anyone playing tunes not in house style legitimate tax incentives and availability of whether the new "know your customer" would be over-played. The notion of offshore vehicles for trade and investment rules will be effective in practice. have not only contributed to but have been P. Galway m Another Houxinc celt i c cr Crisis Looming' House prices arc once again rising 1 1 » SUI dramatically. Demand is greatest in price ranges up to £150,000. There is little doubt that pressure will grow for the planning Leonard Peltier - authority to release more land, not least of all by developers and estate agents. A Man Fighting for Freedom David Creanc of Cowley Groves estate agents, in an article entitled Property: 'A Renaissance C om ing sees the market ur own struggle for recognition and the doorway as she watched them take us ‘consistently improving', advising those equality of our Celtic people is off. We had no suitcases, just bundles. First contemplating house buying for the first Ofamiliarly shared by many other thing after we got there, they cut off our time to 'take the plunge' now. Creane native cultures. Leonard Peltier, a Native long hair, stripped us naked then doused us blames an increasingly prosperous American, has captured the hearts of many with powdered DDT. I thought I was going economy combined with the ‘seemingly all over the world. to die. That place. I can tell you, was very, never ending and critically low supply of Leonard Peltier has been unjustly very strict. It was mure like u reformatory properties' for the demand and consequent detained in prison by the United Stales’ than a school. You were whacked on the high inflation. The article is careful to point government for 23 years, where he has butt with a yardstick for the smallest out that ’the split between off Island and been beaten, framed and maltreated, but he infraction, even if you so much as looked local purchasers is changing, traditionally remains an unbroken man. som eone in the eye. " 70/30 per cent favouring the local market.' Critical evidence establishing his Leonard Peltier was punished for It also regrets the ‘planning authority’s innocence was withheld from the defence speaking his native tongue and was restrictive measures prevent first time and witnesses were intimidated into giving continually beaten because he refused to buyers getting on that ‘all important first false testimonies against him. Amnesty become a white American. Leonard Peltier rung of the property ladder.' International has recognised him as a is known among his elan as Gwarth-ee-lass Local opposition to extend existing political prisoner, and demanded his (He Leads the People) his life and his case towns and villages continues, but as the immediate and unconditional release. have become international symbols of the crisis grows it will become increasingly Human Right's organisations worldwide enormous injustice faced by Indians in the difficult for planners to turn down recognise Leonard Peltier as the symbol of United States of America. Leonard Peltier development applications. The Manx Indigenous Rights. The UN and many other should be free, his only real crime was to Energy and Natural Resources Society has bodies have passed resolutions in support be bom a Native American. recommended that a solution would be to of his freedom. Detained for 23 years, with create a new energy efficient town at poor health, he deserves his immediate Newtown, South of Douglas. freedom from this cruel and arbitrary The housing crisis may be solved by loss miscarriage of justice. Leonard Peltier’s Breton - of more countryside but the real crisis will real reason for being imprisoned is his C elebrities Sign up be the mismatch between the present state defiance of the government and his of the infrastructure and population growth enduring battle for equal rights. for Charter that is linked with economic expansion. In a new book entitled Prison Writings: For some the standard of living will rise, My Life Is My Sun Dunce (N.Y. St. Martins Joseph Martray and Yves Rochcr but the pay off is a lowering of quality of Press, 1999), he writes, "After Gramps died launched an appeal directed at Breton life for all of pneumonia when l was eight, life became celebrities to register their support for the CJK really hard for us. My grandmother was left signing of the European Charter for alone. She spoke hardly any English, had Regional and Minority Languages after almost no income, and was trying to raise Jacques Chirac's resistance to implement i-¥> ' ; three small kids - me, my sister, and our the Charter, which was signed by the VANN IN cousin Pauline l tried stacking the table French government in May 1999. with my slingshot; coming up with an The main goal of the initiative was to 11PCS occasional squirrel or maybe a small bird demonstrate to the different political mostly Gamma used them to flavour the lobbies in Paris that support for the Breton otherwise vegetarian soup. I never could language was not only confined to those seem to catch a rabbit with my slingshot, involved in the political field - the struggle >urs on grey like the big fat ones Gramps had gotten now was going forward not backwards! Bled edition and then with his single shot .22 for Well - known personalities from the world Gamma s beloved rabbit stew. of business, science, journalism, catering 0 inducting p& p Given the cold North Dakota winters, and artists in show business signed up to i M , L o r e u . hunger became a really big problem for us. show that they were proud of their Breton We had no bread, no milk, hardly anything roots and in particular their own language. ,)ues to: else. I thought that gnawing ache in my Some 92 people responded and still more belly was just the way I was supposed to names are being added to the list. Martray k Kennodc feel. One day in the fall of 1953. a big and Rocher will take their appeal to rd Avenue, black government car came and took us Congress (Parliament and Senate) to kids away to the Bureau of Indian Affairs challenge the French government's boarding school tn Wahpetan, North disregard of democracy. Dakota. I remember Gamma weeping in Courtesy Armor Nov. 1999 l------1 THE WORK OF THE LEAGUE GOES ON Membership and Subscriptions In my tribute at the graveside of Alan worker for the Celtic cause, is sorely missed. Heusaff I gave a commitment that the In Cornwall, in March this year, we lost All those who agree with the i work that he and others had started would Blanche Green. Wife of long-standing i constitution and aims of the Celtic i go on. Alan had a high profile in the League General Council member and i League are eligible for membership. The ! Celtic League and this is evidenced by the former Treasurer, Roy Green, Blanche 1 membership fee (including C orn) and ' number of tributes that have flowed in and contributed enormously to the work of the | subscription rates are IR£ 10; Stg£l0; \ been printed in magazines right across the League in Cornwall. She was also a | 100FF or US$20.00 (US funds, cheques { Celtic diaspora. capable orator, as 1 observed at a Celtic J drawn on a US bank). Europe Stg.£10 j However, as well as Alan, over these last League AGM in Kernow, when detecting j outside Europe Stg.£13.00 airmail. two years we have lost many others who I outside interference in the affairs of the For information about the Celtic [ would describe as the “foot soldiers" of the Cornish branch she ‘verbally lashed’ the | League contact secretaries: Celtic League. People who worked quietly offending party. i A LB A Risnidh Mag Aoidli. 16/1 and diligently for both the Celtic League The work of the Celtic League can and 1 McCleod Street. Gorgic, Edinburgh. and for a number of other organisations must go on in Alan’s memory and also as a I EH112NQ promoting democracy and social justice for testament to all those others who have given e-mail :[email protected] i the Celtic peoples. their time and commitment to our ideals. ! BREIZH Jakez Derouet, 14 Hent ! In Mannin, in October 1998. we lost Jack Kemper, 29700 PlugUcn/Pluguffan, 1 Irving a true stalwart and pillar of both the J.B.Moffatt | Brittany. inter Celtic movement and the nationalist GeneralSecretary | CYMRU Robat ap Tomos, II Heol | movement. Jack, a quiet but consistent Gordon, Y Rhath, Caerdydd. CF2 3AJ. j j ¿IRE c/o. 33 Cdide na Griandige, Rath j Cuil. Co. Atha Cliath. ! KERNOW c/o General Secretary, 11 i What kind of Government denies Hilltop View, Farmhill. Braddan, i i Mannin. ! M A N N I N Cristl Jerry. 6 Glenfaba ! that a people exist? ! Road, Peel. Tel: UK (0) 1624 843869. 1 rhe UK government is refusing to protect • Do you think that an attack on one \ ENGLAND BRANCH Florence \ the Cornish people under the Framework Celtic people is an attack on all the K enna. 72 Compton Street. London. | Convention for the Protection of National Celtic peoples? | EC1V 0BN. Minorities, by denying the people of j USA Margaret Sexton, c/o P.O. Box j Cornwall constitute a ‘racial group' I f so, please write registering your 20153, Dag Hammarshjold Postal j As a consequence, the Cornish are complaint to: Centre, New York. NY 10017. threatened with effective assimilation, our ! INTERNATIONAL BRANCH Mark culture swamped and obliterated by an all- Ms Nicola Markes-Goerlach, Council of Lockerbie, 20 King William’s Way, pervading ‘Englislmess’, a process which Europe. Directorate of Human Rights, Janet's Corner, Castletown. Isle of is actively encouraged by Government Minorities Unit, F-67075, Strasbourg- Man. policies. Inclusion in the Convention Cedex, France. j CEAP BREATA1NN G. May, ! would enshrine in law the right to maintain Margaree Harbout, Nova Scotia BOE [ and sustain our culture, a right we are All evidence received will be cited when | 2BO. denied by the actions of the current the Council of Europe considers the } The General Secretary and P.R.O. of \ London-based Government. compliance of signatories to the the Celtic League is Bernard Moffatt. \ Convention in 2000. 11 Hilltop View, Farmhill, Braddan. j • Do you object to the UK Government's i Mannin. treatment of the Cornish? Tel-UK (0) 1624 627128 1 The Editor is Ms P. Bridson, 33 Cdide 1 na Griandige. Rdth Cuil, Co. Atha i ! Cliath. 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