Pearl Millet

Home , Foxtail millet, Hieroglyphus, Panicum antidotale, Panicum decompositum, Paspalum scrobiculatum

MILLETS BIBLIOGRAPHY 1982

Vv-,.ho,,,,D.C. 20523 .

S " j

ICRISAT

SORGHUM AND MILLETS INFORMATION CENTER Millets Bibliography 1982

Compiled by D. JOTWANI P.K. SINHA

ICRISAT Sorghum and Millets Information Center

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRISAT Patancheru P.O. Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India

1985 CONTENTS

PREFACE GUIDE TO SUBJECT INDEX VIVI

LIST OF ACRONYMS LANGUAGE CODES USED IN ENTRIES

PENNISETUM AMERICANUM (PEARL MILLET) General Physiology and Biochemistry Genetics and Breeding 4 Agroclimatology 4 15 Soil Science 38 Soil Microbiology Water Management 39 Agronomy and Cultivation 44 41 General Fertilizers and Plant Nutrients Farming Systems 46 Weeds and Weed Control 53 Harvesting and Equipment 61 70 Pathology 73 General Rust 74 Downy mildew 77 Ergot 77 Virus Diseases Nematode 80 Diseases 82 Entomology General 83 Borers Hr A Caterpillare 83 84 Beeres 86 Other Insect Pests Birds, Rodents 87 and Other Noxious Animals Chemical Composition 898 Postharvest Operations 89 9 Seeds and Seed Production Utilization 92 Feeds Food products Industrial 93 Economics and uses Ifarketing 95 96 96 MINOR AND OTHER MILLETS General Coix lachryma-Jobi (Job-s Tears) 98 Physiology and Biochemistry 100 Genetics and Breeding 100 Pathology 101 Utilization 101 Echinocbloa crus-galli (Barnyard Millet) General 102 Anatomy and Morphology 102 Physiology and Biochemistry 102 Agroclimatology 106 Agronomy and Cultivation 107 Barnyard Millet as Weed 107 Pathology 108 Entomology 108 Utilization 109 Eleusine coracana (Finger Millet) General 109 Physiology and Biochemistry ill Genetics and Breeding 114 Soil Science 116 Soil Microbiology 117 Water Management 118 Agronomy and Cultivation General 119 Fertilizers and Plant Nutrients 121 Farming Systems 124 Weeds and Weed Control 125 Pathology General 127 Blast 127 Nematode Diseases 128 Entomology 129 Chemical Composition 129 Utilization Feeds 130 Food Products 131 Panicum miliaceum (Common Millet, Proso Millet) General 131 Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution 132 Physiology and Biochemistry 132 Genetics and Breeding 135 Agroclimatology 136 Agronomy and Cultivation General 137 Farming Systems 138 Proso Millet as Weed 138 Pathology and Entomology 139 Chemical Composition 140 Utilization 141 Panicum miliare (Little Millet) General 142 Physiology and Biochemistry 143 Entomology 143 Paspalum scrobiculatum (Kodo Millet) General 144 Agronomy and Cultivation 144 Pathology and Entomology 145 Chemical Composit ion 145 Setaria italica (Foxtail Millet) General 145 Physiology and Biochemistry 146 Genetics and Breeding 147 Soil Science 148 Soil Microbiology 149 Agronomy and Cultivation General 149 Fertilizers and Plant Nutrients 150 Farming Systems 151 Pathology and Entomology 151 Chemical Composit ion 153 Utilization 155

WILD RELATIVES

General 155 Pennisetum Species 170 Brachiaria Species 180 Digitaria Species 184 Echinochloa Species 193 Eleusine Species 195 Eragrost is Species 197 Panicum Species 198 Paspalum Species 215 Setaria Species 224

AUTHOR INDEX 231

SUBJECT INDEX 245

APPENDIX: Colloquial Names and Botanical Terms 354

V PREFACE

This bibliography is the millets fourth in the series of bibliographies compiled and published Sorghum and by the Millets Information Center (SMIC). bibliography includes The literature for the year 1982 is annotated. and The annotations are generally based the author's abstract on or summary. In some cases, however, annotations have been prepared spccially for this bibliography. The main sources used in compiling bibliography this are the 600 primary periodicals received at ICRISAT, being and secondary sources such as Biological Abstracts, Agrindex, Abstract journals of the CAB, Bibliography of Agriculture, Abstracts, Indian Science etc. In addition, the bibliography references includes to non-conventional literature collects that SMIC from its contacts with research libraries, and centers, documentation centers in the semi-arid tropics. Entries in the bibliography are grouped according to three major categories, viz. Pearl Millet, Minor and oiher Millets, and Wild Relatives. Entries under each of these major classes are appi-opriate further featured under specific headings. The grouping is of entries similar to the 1981 Millets Bibliography intended and is to considerably ease browsing bibliography. in the Within each group or feature entries are arranged heading, in alphabetical order of authors. Titles in foreign languages have been translated into English and AGRIS abbreviations have been used to designate languages other then English. Titles of periodicals are cited in full. However, only acronyms of well known organizations have been used rather than their names in full. A list of acronyms is given in the preliminary pages of the bibliography. An author and a subject index are provided bibliography. to the The subject index is based technique called on a Pragmatic Approach to Subject Indexing (PASI) developed at SMIC. A guide to the subject index is provided in the preliminary pages of the bibliography. All components of this bibliography have been produced on the VAX-11/780 computer system using software developed at SMIC. The software integrates data entry, sorting, production of indexes, and

VI formatting required for the production of a bibliography. The programs have been written by P. K. Sinha of SMIC.

The collection, compilation, and editing work for the bibliography has been done by D Jotwani and P K Sinha. Data entry for the bibliography was done by R Laxmipathi.

The publication of the bibliography has been made possible by the financial assistance received from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada for the SMIC project.

L J Haravu Manager Library and Documentation Services ICRISAT

VII GUIDE TO SUBJECT INDEX

The computer produced subject index is based on the Pragmatic Approach to Subject Indexing (PASI) system developed v. SMIC. The original sequences of the keywords provided by the indexer are the logical entries and convey subject content of documents unambiguously. Other entries are generated by rotating the logical entries to enable access from all the keywords. Thus for the title 'ATPase activity during leaf development and senescence" (Document No.047), the logical index entry is-

Pennisetum americanum, Leaves,Growth:Senescence,ATPase, Activity 047

The entries obtained by the rotation of keywords are:-

Leaves, Growth:Senescence,ATPase,Activity; Pennisetum americanum, 047

Growth:Senescence, ATPase,Activity;Pennisetum americanum, Leaves, 047

Senescence:Growth, ATPase,Activity;Pennisetum americanum, Leaves, 047

ATPase, Activity;Pennisetum americanum, Leaves,Growth:Senescence, 047

The cross reference entry through Enzyme is:-

Enzymes see also, ATPase

It is always possible to rebuild the logical entry from any entry if keywords are read starting from the first keyword after the semicolon in an anti-clockwise direction.

Certain keywords are considered in combination because of the close relationship existing between them. The symbols used to depict the relationshipc are colon (:), slash(/), and parentheses. The (,) acts as a separator between the keywords.

Common and botanical names have been used in the subject index. The choice of keywords has largely been made using the AGROVOC and CAB thesauri. Cross references have been provided wherever required.

VIII LIST OF ACRONYMS

ACS American Chemical Society CILSS Comite permanent Interetats de Lutte contre Secheresse la dans le Sahel CNRA Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques EMBRAPA Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria EPPO European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organizat ion FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FEBS Federation of European Biochemical Societies GERDAT Groupement d'Etudes et de Recherches Developpemeut pour le de lAgronomie Tropicale IBPGR International Board for Plant Genetic Resources INTSORMIL International Sorghum/Millet IRAT Institut de Recherches Agronomiques Tropicales et des Cultures Vivrieres ISERA Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles JNKVV Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya MARDI Malaysian Agricultural Research and Institute Development MILWAI Millet Workers Association of India NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization ORSTOM Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer PRL/RIIC Prairie Regional Laboratory/Rural Industries Innovation Centre SIDA Swedish International Development Authority UEPAE Unidade de Execucao de Pesquisa de Ambito Estadual UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

Ix USDA United States Department of Agriculture WHO World Heteorological Organization

LANGUAGE CODES USED IN ENTRIES

Af Afrikaans It Italian Al Albanian Ja Japanese Ar Arabic Ko Korean Bg Bulgarian NI Dutch Ch Chinese Pe Persian Cz Czech P1 Polish Da Danish Pt Portuguese De German Ro Romanian En English Ru Russian Es Spanish Sh Serbo-Croat Fr French Sk Slovak

Gr Georgian Sn Slovenian He Hebrew Sv Swedish Hu Hungarian Tr Turkish In Indonesian Uk Ukrainian

x PENNISETUM AMERICANUM Reports the progress of work done at All India Coordinated (PEARL Millets MILLET) Improvement Project since 1977. Presents information on area, General production and productivity of millets, and genetic resources of pear' millet, finger millet and other 0001 BRAZIL:UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE minor millets. PERNAMBUCO, EMPRESA PERNAMBUCANA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA . 1982. 0006 ICRISAT, Cuiture of BURKINA FASO millet.(Pt). Fortaleza, COOPERATIVE PROGRAM. Brazil:Banco 1982. Annual de Nordeste do Brasil. report 1981.Ouagadougou, 95 pp. Burkina Faso:ICRISAT. 180 pp. 0002 FAO. 1982. Report, fifth Presents a summary of the 1981 FAO/SIDA Training Course on Maize, research activities at Kamboinse and Sorghum and Millet for Africa and the at farmers' fields. Topics discussed Near East, 14 June 1981, New Delhi, include sorghum and India.Rome, Italy:FAO. 96 millet pp. improvements, and economic, anthropological 0003 FAO. and soil and water 1982. TCDC Regional Centre management studies. for Development, Training, Processing, and Utilization of local 0007 ICRISAT, NIGER COOPERATIVE Cereals and Tubers. (Fr).Rome, rROGRAM. 1982. Pearl millet Italy:FAO. 9 pp. (Document, 3). improvement:annual report for 1981-82.Maradi, Niger:ICAISAT. 0004 52 pp. FRANCE:INSTITUT DE AGRONOMIQUES RECHERCHES TROPICALES ET DES Presents the summary CULTURES VIVRIERES of the results . 1982. of regional and international Millet.(Fr). Pages trial 88-92 In Rapport nurseries conducted during annuel 1981, and 1981. Paris, France:Institut off season de Recherches 1981-82. Outlines the Agronomiques Tropicales research program et des for 1982. The Cultures Vivrieres. material generated (Summary:En). from program showed promise in Niger, Nigeria and Senegal. Some useful results were obtained from the 1981 varietal trails in 0008 ICRISAT, SORGHUM AND MILLETS Burkina Faso. The tall millet INFORMATION CENTER . 1982. Directory variety SRM P5 gave an average yield of sorghum and millets of 2,400 kg/ha (rainfall research 1,000 mm). workers.Patancheru, Andhra The dwarf varieties Pradesh, IRAT 172 and IRAT India:ICRISAT. 174 pp. 173 appeared to be promising. These are uniform varieties with compact Provides addresses of 2223 heads. They should be retested, scientists working on various aspects however, before release. The Niger of sorghum and mill.ets from 88 varieties (1,600-1,800 kg/ha) can be countries. grown directly in Mauritania. 0009 ICRISAT. 1982. A 0005 HARINARAYANA, G. draft project 1982. proposal for a Regional Sorghum and AICMIP:developments since 97 7 Pearl Millet Improvement Program for 1 .Presented at the All India Southern Africa (SADCC Coordinated Millets Improvement countries).Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh Project Workshop, 26-28 April 1982, India:ICRISAT. 30 pp. Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 35 pp. 0010 ICRISAT. 1982. International cooperation.Pages 311-347 In Annual Maharashtra, India:Marathwada report 1981. Patancheru, Andhra Agricultural University. 15 pp. Pradesh, India :ICRISAT. Describes the location, area, soil The outreach research activities and climate, and physical facilities of ICRISAT in the countries of at the All India Coordinated Millets Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Improvement Project, Aurangabad Sudan, Senegal, South Africa, (Maharashtra). Reports the results Tanzania and Ethiopia, and the of research work done on plant studies carried out in these breeding, agronomy and pathology countries on pearl millet agronomy, during 1975 to 1980-81. breeding, pathology, entomology and striga are described. 0015 INDIA:ALL INDIA COORDINATED MILLETS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. 1982. 0011 ICRISAT. 1982. Pearl Millet Report 1965-81.New Delhi, Improvement Program and Genetic India:Indian Council of Agricultural Resources:field plans kharif Research. 160 pp. 1982.Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India:ICRISAT. 32 pp. Describes the achievements of All India Coordinated Millets Improvement Field maps showing areas planted Project from 1965 to 1981 on various during kharif season of 1982 for aspects of pearl millet and minor various studies viz., breeding, downy millets. mildew nursery, pathology, ergot nursery, microbiology, physiology etc. 0016 KENYA:MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE. 1982. Report of the Adhoc Committee 0012 ICRISAT. 1982. Pearl on Sorghum and Millet Re'search and millet.Pages 57-90 In Annual report Development.Nairobi, Kenya:Ministry 1981. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, of Agriculture. 128 pp. India :ICRISAT. Presents a detailed account of the Studies conducted at ICRISAT on work on sorghum and millets in East pearl millet are reported. Presents Africa upto 1981. Examines the the information on abiotic stresses, current situation followed by biotic stresses, grain and food specific recommendations for quality, and plant improvement and activities and priorities in the cooperative multilocation testing. future development of these crops in Kenya. 0013 INDIA :ALL INDIA COORDINATED MILLETS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. 1982. 0017 LENG, E.R. 1982. Progress in Pearl millet - Pennisetum collaborative international sorghum typhoides.Pages 6-37 in Report /millet research.Agronomy Abstracts. 1965-81. New Delhi, India:Indian p. 46-47. Council of Agricultural Research. Eight U.S. universities formed a The research work done during consortium "IN'TSORMIL" to conduct 1965-81 on breeding, agronomy, collaborative international research pathology, entomology and physiology on sorghum and millet, under funding of pearl millet is described, and sponsorship of the Agency for International Development. Research 0014 INDIA :ALL INDIA COORDINATED is organized into about thirty MILLETS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. 1982. projects, and collaborative Brief note on All India Coordinated activities are underway in some 12 Millets Improvement Project, developing countries. Seven major Aurangabad 1980-81.Parbhani, disciplinary areas, including a

2 strong social sciences component, integrated are and Gero bristled into a single program, composite performed One of well when tested the early findings i3 against Ex-Bornu. grain that Studies on interrow sorghum types with high spacing showed quality food that 60 cm row might and high yield can be the optimum produced be for sole cropping by utilizing a combination whereas 75 cm seems of Optimum when tropical germplasm millet intercropped with high-yielding with sorghum. Tiller materials developed numbers showed a originally for Positive correlation with temperate zone use. grain yield Another significant while plant height finding is that showed a food preparation non-significant positive methods used by some correlation. traditional Diseases and pests cultures have a were minimal in biochemical sound 1980 so insecticides basis which can and fungicides be already recommended transferred to solve continued to utilization prove problems effective in trials. encountered in other areas. 0018 MALI :MINISTERE 0021 SAINI, R.S., DE 1982. and MEHTA, R.K. L'AGRICTULTURE. Advances in research 1982. Study of on millets.Indian Framing agricult ural 31(12): 3-5,9. commercializationactivities, credit, (of millets) impact and Describes work of accompanying actions:basic at 22 centres of the All India statistical study.(Fr). Coordinated Millets Bamako, Improvement Mali:Bureau d'Etudes Project on Pennisetum de Conseils et americanum, d'Interventions au Sahel. Eleusine coracana, 119 pp. Setaria italica, Paspalum 0019 NDOYE, M.B., GALIBA, scrobiculatum, M., NDOYE, miliare, Panicum miliaceum, A., DIOP, F., CAMARA, and Echinochloa frumentacea. P. P.A., and Intensification COLY, B.D. 1982. Report of efforts on the first further for Meeting of National popularisation Scientific high-yielding of Committees of and disease the CILSS Programme for resistant varieties with the Improvement of Millets, farmers is Sorghum, suggested. Beans, and on Maize, and considerations Sahelian Millets, 1-6 February 0022 SENEGAL:SOCIETE 1982, Jarna, Niger.(Fr). DE LA MISE EN Senegal:Centre Bam'Dey, VALEUR AGRICOLE National de Recherches DE LA CASAMANCE Agronomiques 1982. Sanio de Bambey. 12 pp. millet in Senegal.(Fr). Dakar, Senegal:Ministere du 0020 NIGERIA :INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL Developpement Rural. 7 pp. RESEARCH. 1q82. Cereals Improvement 0023 SOUTH AFRICA:DEPARTMENT Programme.pages 1-15 OF Annual In AGRICULTURE. 1982. report of the Institute Annual report of Agricultural for the Director Research General, Agriculture for 1980/81. the period Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria:Ahmadu 1 April 1981 to 31 March University. 25 ref.Sot Bello 19 8 2.Pretoria, South Africa:Government Printer. The progress made by 174 pp. the Cereals Reports Improvement Programme the research on grazing of the utilization institute in the areas of veld and sown pastures of crop including improvement, agronomy Digitaria eriantha. and crop Activities protection is reported. of the Botai-,cal Research Attempts at Institute improving the yield that also include of millet collections seed continued of sorghum and through recurrent selection Pennisetum americanum, are reported. and formation of newly formed populationshybrids. Thres viz., Gero 0024 early composite, Gero TOURE, A. 1982. dwarf composite production Cereal in the peanut area since

3 1960 and the perspectives for the Philippines :International Rice eighties.(Fr). Dakar, Research Institute. 15 ref. Senegal :M;nistere du Developpement Rural. 66 pp. There is good evidence that 0025 VIRK, abicisic acid (ABA) D.S., and CRAHAL, S.S. mediating is involved in 1982. A handbook responses to drought. for pearl millet There workers.Ludhiana, is genetic variation in wheat, Punjab, rice, India:Punjab and pearl millet in Agricultural University. drought-induced 56 pp. capacity for ABA accumulation. In wheat and mi!let, Contains summaries this capacity is highly heritable. of lectures ABA promotes stomatal delivered during the closure and courses reduces leaf extension. conducted for extension workers, Genotypes appear to differ in the sensitivity of these processes to ABA. In pearl millet, the stomata of low and high Physiology and Biochemistry ABA accumulators appear equally sensitive to the hormone. Present knowledge does not permit to predict 0026 with AL-ANI, A., LEBLANC, J.M., any certainty the consequences RAYMOND, for yield and water use of modified P., and PRADET, A. 1982. ABA Fffect of physiology. It is necessary to oxygen partial pressure on prepare the genotypes contrasting rate of germination of fatty and in starchy aspects of ABA physiology and seeds: the role of study fermentative their yield and water use unce2r metabolism.(Fr). conditions Comptes Rendus of controlled water Hebdomadaires des supply. Work Seances de l'Academie toward attaining these des Sciences objectives is described. III 295(3): 271-274. (Summary:En). 9 ref. 0028 BALYAN, R.S., and MALIK, D.S. 1982. Pearl The effect of oxygen partial millet (Pennisetum pressure americanum (L) K. Schum) and (p02) on the rate of its germination sensitivity to aquatic of 12 cultivated species herbicides.Indian including 2 Journal of Weed ennisetum americanum var. Science 14(0): 31-33. 3 ref. P5378, was studied. The fatty did not germinate seeds below I K Pa (1% An experiment oxygen). The was carried out sLarchy seeds were able during to germinate rainy seasons of 1978 and 1979 at (p02) about two at Hisar orders of (India) to test the magnitude lower. In both sensitivity cases the of pearl millet to rate of germination various increased concentrations of six aquatic as the p02 was raised from herbicides the lower viz. nitrofen, diuron, values which only allows dalapon, the protrusion paraquat, simazine and of the rootlet to 2,4-D. normal concentration Results revealed that simazine of oxygen. It and paraquat is indicated that through irrigation it is the active proved to fermentative metabolism be the safest herbicides. which allows Dalapon was also the germination 02 non-injurious during at very low p . 1978. Nitrofen, diuron, and 2,4-D in 0027 AUSTIN, R.B., HENSON, 1978 and dalapon in 1979 proved I.E., phytotoxic to pearl and QUARRIE, S.A. 1982. millet which Abscisic acid resulted in and drought resistance yellowing, curling and in wheat, drying of leaves millet and rice.Pages and ultimately death 171-180 In of plants in some Drought cases. resistance in crops with emphasis on rice. Los Banos, Laguna, 0029 BANERJEE, S.K., NEGI, H.C.S.,

4 and JAIN, S.K. 1982. Solvents millet. I. Analysis of plants affecting seed germination and obtained from microspore seedling grouth.Seed Research 10(2): culture.Zeitschrift fuer 204-208. 6 ref. Pflnzenphysiologie 1.08(4): 317-327. 11 ref. Solvents like water, ethyl alcohol, acetone, xylene, di-chloromethane and The techniques of androgenesis petroleum ether were tried on seeds adapted to Pennise'um typhoides have of wheat, onion, mustard, pearl led to the obtention of embryoids and millet and paddy. It was noted that calluses from all the genotypes used. the increase in duration of treatment Plants were regeuerated from 23D2B1 caused a significant negative effect and from Fl hybrid Massue imnale X on germination with all the solvents Liqui male microspore cultures. Two except water and in all the crops families were obtained by selfing of except in mustard. The solvent two doubled haploid plants and effect was dependent on the extent of compared with the original line penetration inside the seed or on its 23D2B1 sown and grown under the same innate toxic nature. The growth of conditions in the greenhouse. They pearl millet and paddy seedlings was were much less vigourous and had not affected significantly in any of slightly more leaves after one nnth. the treatments. The solvents Under inductive conditions flowering affected the germination in some occured later. These plants had no cases but seeds which survived the seed. Genetic analysis showed that in effect of the solvents did not show 160 regenerated plants, ear shape, any impairment of seedling growth.. length of main tiller and peduncle length were variable. However, they 0030 BIDINGER, F.R., MARALAKSHMI, all had values close to those of the V., TALUKDAR, B.S., and ALAGARSWAMY, Ligui parent. This shows that the G. 1982. Improvement of drought technique selects aganst certain resistance in pearl millet .Pages type of microspore. Esterases and 357-375 In Drought resistance in peroxidases were used as genetic crojs with emphasis on rice. Los markers. The analysis of these Banos, Laguna, zymograms showed some remarkably Philippines :International Rice distorted segregations; the Research Institute. 23 ref. peroxidase P5 is strongly disfavoured and completely unexpected esterase Presents information on ecological electrophoretic bands are noted. description of pearl millet growing areas and its adaptation to moisture 0032 BUI DANG, D., and PERNES, J. stress, and describes the work 1982. Pearl milet microspore culture: being done at ICRISAT on potentialities and regeneration of improvement of drought resistance whole plants.Biology of the Cell in pearl millet. At ICRISAT work is 45(2): 100. (Abstract). mainly being concentrated on the identification of lines with probable Pennisetum typhoides microspore resistance to stress, and determining culture was carried out to obtain if initial selection for performance large number of haploid cells. under specific, repeatable stress Spikelets were detached from the conditions, followed by dierct rachis and planted by sticking their evaluation of resistnace, will be pedicels in gelose medium. At second useful in identifving lines with day, the anthers emerged from drought resistance characteristics, the flowers, were collected, put into liquid medium and then opened 0031 BUI DANG HA, D., and PERNES, to release the microspores in the J. 1982. Androgenesis in pearl cul~ure medium. The cultures were

5 left under red light at 27 deg C. Biochemistry and Biophysics 19(1): During this period of culture, 1-7. 22 ref. outside the plant, and depending on the medium used, the microspores may Two trypsin inhibitors, TI-1 and go through to the state of pollen TI-2, were purified from Pennisetum grains or develop into embryos and typhoideum grains by extraction with then cellular colonies which further 0.1 NHCI, ammoniura sulphate give plantlets. In 160 regenerated fractionation, chromatography on plants, ear shape, length of main CM-cellulose and gel chromatography tiller and peduncle length were on Sephadex G-50. The inhibitor variable. However they all had preparations, which were homogenous values close to those of the Ligui on cellulose acetate and parent. Esterases and peroxydases SDS-polyacrylamide gel were used as genetic markers. The electrophoresis, were active on analysis of these zymograms showed bovine trypsin but totally inactive some remarkable distorted on bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. The segregations, the peroxydase P5 is molecular weights of TI-I and TI-2 disfavoured, and completely were around 11000, based on gel unexpected esterase electrophoretic electrophoresis under dissociating bands are noted. conditions. The inhibitors were resistant to pepsin and 0033 BYKOV, O.D., and ZELENSKII, alpha-chymotrypsin but were partially M.I. 1982. Photosynthesis and inactivated by pronase treatment. productivity of agricultural Both the inhibitors were fairly crops.(Ru). Sel'sko Khozyaistvennya heat-stable and stable also to Biologiya 17(1): 14-27. (Summary:En). exposure to a wide pH range of 1-9.

0034 CEGLARZ, E., LIN, C.Y.. 0036 CHANDRASEK(HAR, G., RAJU, SCHOFFL, F., CHEN, Y.M., and KEY, D.S.P., and PATTABIRAMAN, T.N. 1982. J.L. 1982. Comparative analysis of Natural plant enzyme inhibitors: the heat shock response in selected protease inhibitors in crop plants.Plant Physiology 69(4, millets.Journal of the Science of suppl): 107. (Abstract). Food and Agriculture 33: 447-450. 14 ref. Two dimensional gel separation of the newly synthesized proteins and Protease inhibitory activities were hybridization analyses using cDNA screened in 12 varieties of pearl clones of soybean hs poly(A)RNAs were millet (Pennisetum typhoideum), 12 used in a comparative analysis of the varieties of echinochloa (Echinochloa hs response in soybean, pearl millet colona), 12 varieties of setaria and some other crop plants. All (Setaria italica), 11 varieties of plants analyzed, synthesized a common Kodo (Paspalum scrobiculatum), 13 set of hs proteins in the 65 Kd to 95 varieties of proso (Panicum Kd molecular weight range; they also miliaceum), 11 varieties of miliare synthesized a complex pattern of low (Panicum miliare), 29 varieties of molecular weight hs proteins (15 Kd sorghum and four varieties of ragi to 27 Kd) with the pattern appearing (Eleusine coracana). Proso, miliare tr% be rather species specific. and kodo had no detectable inhibitory activity. Pearl millet, setaria and 0035 CHANDRASEKHAR, G., and echinochloa millets displayed only PATTABTRAMAN, T.N. 1982. Natural antitryptic activity. Ragi had both plant enzyme inhibitors: isolation antitryptic and antichymotryptic and characterization of two trypsin activity. Pearl millet, setaria, inhibitors from bajra (Pennisetum sorghum and echinochloa extracts typhoideum).Indian Journal of inhibited the proceolytic activity of

6 both human and bovine pancreatic preparations. 0039 DWIVEDI, R.S., BAL, A.R., QADAR, A., and JOSHI,Y.D. 1982. 0037 CHAWLA, H.S., and GUPTA, V.P. Studies on salt resistant characters 1982. Analysis of path coefficients in graminoid facultative alkali for oxalic acid in pearl millet.Crop halophytes.Indian Journal of Plant Improvement 9(0): 78-82. 9 ref. Physiology 25(3): 231-236. 27 ref.

One hundred and forty progenies The pH of cell sap, carbonic from a 12 X 12 diallel cross set in anhydrase, nitrate reductase, Pennisetum typhoides were studied for stomatal number and the thickness of association and path analysis of roots were measured at ESP 10 oxalic acid with minerals such as (normal) and ESP 90 to examine their calcium, sodium and potassium which consortium with salt resistance in form salts with it. Mean and range four known alkali halophytes, viz., of variation was high in the leaf Desmostachya bipinnata, Sporobolus than the stem portion of a plant. marginatus, Panicum antidotale and Potassium was found to have direct Brachiaria mutica. Three effect on oxalic acid in both leaf glycophytes, viz., wheat, barley and and stem portions. Results indicated Pennisetum americanum (CV HB-3 and that potassium oxalate is the main BJ 104) were used as check plants soluble salt present in the P. for concordance. The activity of typhoides. Calcium was associated nitrate reductase at higher ESP with oxalic acid in the leaf portion level declined significantly in but not in the stem portion. the halophytes similar to that of Manipulation for low oxalic acid and glycophytes. For stomatal number high calcium content is discussed in and the diameter of roots the view of the differential behaviour in alkali halophytes resembled to that plant parts. of wheat, barley and P. americanum. In marked contrast to this, the pH uf 0038 CHHINA, B.S., and PHUL, P.S. cell sap and carbonic anhydrase at 1982. Association of seed size and ESP 10 and 90 differed seedling vigour with various insignificantly in alkali halophytes morphological traits in pearl whereas in glycophytes the reverse millet.Seed Science and Technology was true. Based on destitute 10: 541-545. 15 ref. (Summaries:De, variations, the CA and the pH of cell Fr). sap may be considered as alkali resistant plant attributes. seedling Effect of seed size and vigour on plant characters in pearl 004G EASTIN, J.D., SULLIVAN, C.Y., millet was studied under irrigated and FRANCIS, C.A. 1982. Variability (non-stress) and non-irrigated in crop physiological and (stress) conditions. The seed 3ize morphological characteristics had significant and positive controlling water use efficiency and correlations with seedlings vigour grain yield: project completion ear length, yield and size of seed report.Lincoln, Nebraska, produced. The correlations of USA-Nebraska Water Resources Center. seedling vigour with plant height, 15 pp. tiller number, ear length and grain yield were also significant and Water and temperature stress positive. Selection for high yield variables were imposed on sorghum, can, therefore, be carried out on the pearl millet and corn in growth room basis of larger seed size. The and field tests to evaluate correlations were similar in the two comparative performances. Research environments. centered on mechanisms contributing

7 to observed yield differences, temperature are extended to Temperatures elevated 5 deg C above alternating temperatures. The ambient at night in sorghum field analysis is illustrated for seeds of tests for weekly intervals during Pennisetum typhoides germinated on a panicle development reduced 28% thermal gradient plate in pairs of yields during the week following alternating temperatures ranging from appearance cf pistil and stamen 15 deg C to 47 deg C. Alternating primordia. The 28% yield reduction temperatures had a small but was paralleled by a 29% reduction in systematic effect on germination rate seed number. Line source water such that below 42 deg C, gradient comparisons between corn and alternations in temperature had no sorghum in KS and NE showed sorghum effect on the maximum fraction of to be more stable in grain yield and seeds which germinated in the the seed number component of yield. population, but increases in Sorghum water use efficiencies were temperature amplitude caused a small higher on dryland and low irrigation but systematic increase in the rate levels while pearl millet water use of germination. efficiencies were higher on dry land without irrigation. 0043 GENKEL, P.A. 1982. Principles and trends in investigations on 0041 GARCIA-HUIDOBRO, J., MONTEITH, increasing and diagnosing heat J.L., and SQUIRE, G.R. 1982. Time, resistance and drought temperature and germination of pearl resistance.(Ru). Sel'sko millet (Pennisetum typhoides S and Khozyaistvennaya Biologiya 17(2): H). I. Constant temperature.Journal 157-166. of Experimental Botany 33(133): 288-296. 22 ref. 0044 GREGORY, P.J. 1982. Interaction of shoot and root characteristics in The germination of Pennisetum the response of millet to typhoides seeds was investigated at drought.Pages 135-143 In Drought constant tempertures between 12 deg C resistance in crops with emphasis on and 47 deg C on a thermal gradient rice. Los Banos, Laguna, plate. The rate of germination Philippines: International Rice increased linearly with temperature Research Institute. 11 ref. from a base Tb to a sharply defined optimum To beyond which the rate Examines the response of pearl decreased linearly with temperature, millet to drought and attempts to reaching zero at Tm. The linearity extract some principles for improving of the response both above and below rice. Crops of millet grown on To allowed time and temperature to be stored soil moisture in India and combined in a thermal time at which a Niger illustrate the response to specified fraction of the seeds atmospheric demand for water in terms germinated. Within the population Tb of the interaction between the and Tm were constant. ability of roots in supplying water and the behaviour of stomata in 0042 '7ARCIA-HUIDOBRO, J., MONTEITH, regulating water loss. Measurements J.L., and SQUIRE, G.R. 1982. Time, of crop growth, root growth, water temperature and germination of pearl use, and stomatal conductance of millet (Pennisetum typhoides S and pearl millet are presented. The H). II. Alternating results indicate that grain yields temperature.Journal of Experimental might be increased: 1) by increasing Botany 33(133): 297-302. 5 ref. the size of the root system to exploit deeper water reserves, 2) by Methods of analysing the response managing the existing wter reserves of germination to constant more efficiently, and 3) by

8 increasing the quantity of than did the high-ABA parent. The assimilates moved to fill grain, range in ABA content increased to 8.9-fold in the F3. Mean ABA 0045 GUPTA, P., and MUKHERJEE, D. contents of F3 families were 1982. Influence of GA3 pre-soaking of significantly correlated (r=0.67, 33 seeds on biochemical changes in DF) with those of the F2 individuals seedling parts of Pennisetum from which they were derived, typhoides Rich.Proceedings of the indicating strong heritability of ABA Indian National Science Academy Part accumulation. B 48(5): 642-648. 29 ref. 0047 HENSON, I.E. 1982. Osmotic A study was carried out to assess adjustment to water stress in pearl the changes in soluble protein, free millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) amino acids, organic acids and keto Leeke) in a controlled acids in the seedlings from control environment.Journal of Experimental and GA3-presoaked seeds of Pennisetum Botany 33(132): 78-87. 17 ref. typhoides. Most seedling parts from treated seeds have recorded higher A pressure-volume and an expressed levels of soluble protein and free sap technique were compared for amino acid pool at various growth assessing osmotic adjustment to water stages. GA3 caused a retention of stress by Fennisetum americanum free nitrogen pool in coleoptile and plants grown in a controlled root than translocated to the primary environment cabinet. For leaf water leaf. Succinic and malic acids were potential above the point of zero the dominating organic acids followed turgor, there was good agreement by citric acid in control as well as between estimates of solute treated ones. Tht distribution potentials and turgor obtained by the pattern of organic acids in seedling two methods. Reductions in the parts from GA3-treated one may pre-dawn leaf water potential to -1.8 indicate their rapid utilization in MPa over 5-6 d resulted in net solute the synthesis of various amino acids accumulation as indicated by a fall and amides. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid in solute potential at full hydration and pyruvic acid were present in of about 0.3 MPa. The degree of large concentrations in various osmotic adjustment increased linearly seedling parts followed by with the decrease in pre-dwan leaf oxaloacetic acid while water potential. Adjustment in cv. alpha-ketoglutaric acid was traced BJ 104 was significantly less during only at few growth stages. a second drought than during a first, and cv. Serere 39 was significantly 0046 HENSON, I.E. 1982. Abscisic less able to adjust osmotically than acid and water relations of tropical BJ 104. Adjustment was greater in cereals: pearl millet.Pages 109-112 leaves which were undergoing In Plant Breeding Institute annual extension growth during the drought report 1981. Cambridge, UK:Plant than in leaves already fully extended Breeding Institute. before drought started. Much of the adjustment was lost within 24 h The F2 and F3 generations from a following rewatering, the loss being cross between a "low" (B282) and a most complete in the older, fully "high" (Serere 39) ABA-accumulating extended leaves. genotype were screened for drought induced ABA accumulation using a 0048 HENSON, I.E., ALAGARSWAMY, G., detached leaf test. A sixfold range BIDINGER, r.R., and MAHALAKSHMI, V. in ABA content was detected amongst 1982. Stomatal responses of pearl 207 F2 plants, 18% of which millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) accumulated significantly more ABA Leeke) to leaf water status and

9 when still significant. Though, factors in the of ABA environmental averaged over the day, levels Cell and Environment 5: positively field.Plant of the five groups were 38 ref. of water 65-74. related to the degree between ABA stomatal stress, relationships Factors affecting and total water or Pennisetum concentration conductance (gl) of varied considerably 104, were turgor potentials americanum cultivar BJ of sampling. Temporal during with time in the field in India ABA content similar examined in changes in leaf season. Diurnal changes and largely the dry to those found in BJ 104, for upper expanded were gl were evaluated unrelated to water potential, flowering on two occasions Serere 39 leaves at observed in the genotypes to varying Leaf using plants subjected in a subsequent year. Two main and B282 degrees of water stress. of droughted plants (BJ on gl were, ABA content effects of water stress not decline appreciably of the 104) did in the amplitude a marked increase a decrease in overnight despite peak in gl, and a decrease It is suggested mid-day was in water potential. over which high gl stomata to the time that the sensitivity of resulting in early the hormone maintained, ABA, or accessibility of and hysteresis in changes (mid-day) closure to the stomatal complex, between gl and I. the relationship the day. greatest for during Leaf conductance was and decreased down the V., upper leaves 0050 RENSON, I.E., MARALAKS1M, equivalelnt depths in G. canopy. At BIDINGER, F.R., and ALAGARSWAMY, gl was higher in to water the canopy 1982. Osmotic adjustment than in flowering pearl millet (Pennisetum plants stress in photo-periodically-retarded (L.) Leeke) under field magnitude of americanum of the same age. The Cell and Environment stomatal conditons.Plant water stress-induced 26 ref. plant, and 5: 147-154. closure increased down the in retarded than in during the was more marked Osmotic adjustment Within individual by flowering plants. season was evaluated leaf water growing stress treatments solute potential of leaves leaves decreased comparing and potential of upper at midday from irrigated flux taken to linearly as transpiration plots and allowed droughted The increased. in the laboratory. rehydrate was degree of seasonal adjustment I.E., AL&GARSWAMY, G., observed 0049 HENSON, also estimated by comparing V., and BIDINGER, F.R. in the MA1ALAKSHMI, values of soluble potential changes in endogenous if solute 1982. Diurnal field with those expected in leaves of pearl solely in abscisic acid potential decreased americanum (L.) Both types millet (Pennisetum proportion to water loss. field conditions.Journal the maximum Leeke) under of assessment indicated Botany 33(134): be about 0.2 of Experimental seasonal adjustment to ref. 104 and Serere 416-425. 18 MPa. The cultivars BJ capacity to 39 differed in their a two-to three-fold the season; There was adjust osmotically over acid (ABA) content able to change in abscisic Severe 39 was least photoperiod in three of during the osmoregulate. Measurements stressed plants of potential groups of severely diurnal variations in water BJ 104. Maximum ABA in BJ 104 the genotype and solute potential (1030 h). ABA during occurred mid-morning revealed osmotic adjustment to a minimum at At a given levels then declined the afternoon hours. in ABA content of was 1500 h. Changes of water potential, turgor and fully value moderately stressed 0.1 MPa higher in irrigated, smaller, but about irrigated plants were

10 and over 0.2 MPa higher in droughted non availability of leaf area meters. plants, in the afternoon, than in the morning. Osmotic adjustment of 0053 MAHALAKSHMI, V., and BIDINGER, different leaves within the canopy F.R. 1982. Improvement in drought showed that upper leaves had lower tolerance in pearl millet.Presented water potential than basal leaves, at the All India Coordinated Millets Improvement Project Workshop, 26-28 0051 HESLOP-HARRISON, J.$ and April 1982, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, HESLOP-HARRISON, Y. 1982. The growth India. 7 pp. of the grass pollen tube. 1. Characteristics of the polysaccharide Describes the ICRISAT's work on the particles (P. particles) associated improvement of drought resistance in with apical growth.Protoplasma pearl millet. It concentrates on the 112(1-2): 71-80. 35 ref. identification of lines with probable tolerance to stress, and determining In the grasses (Secale cereale and if initial selection for performance Pennisetum typhoideum) the main ander specific repeatable stress synthesis precedes anthesis; the conditions followed by direct P-particles represent up to 30% of evaluation of resistance, will be a the reserves of the vegetative cell useful means of identifying lines of the dormant grain, numbering over with drought tolerance one million in the pollen grain of characteristics. rye. Their membranes are incomplete. The polysaccharide content is 0054 MALIK, R.K., and BALYAN, R.S. readily extracted with ammonium 1982. Effect of herbicidal treated oxalate, and is probably pectic in water to certain cereal crops.Cereal nature. Simple methods for isolating Research Communications 10(3-4): the particles in relatively pure 165-169. populations are described. Hydrolysis yields principally Experiments conducted at Hisar, galactose, arabinose, glucose, and India showed that paraquat, rhamnose. Apart from proteins nitrofen and 2,4-D were the safest derived from the original bounding herbicides if the herbicides treated membranes, a protein fraction is water is to be applied in cereal tenaciously bound to the crops. Diuron was found to be very polysaccharide. Isolated P-particles toxic in corn, wheat and oats but it move anodically in an electrical was moderately toxic to pearl millet. field, and the possibility that their movement from the grain tu the tube 0055 LRIOTTI, A., MARIOTTI, F., tip during growth depends on a CHAMPIGNY, M.L., AMARGER, N., and potential gradient, already MOYSE, A. 1982. Nitrogen isotope demonstrated for lily pollen tubes, fractionation associated with nitrate is considered. reductase activity and uptake of N03 by pearl millet.Plant Physiology 69: 0052 JOSHI, N.L., and YADAV, M.S. 880-884. 13 ref. 1982. Leaf area determination in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum Nitrogen isotopc fiactionation by L. Leeke).Indian Botanical Reporter pearl millet (Penniertum americanum 1(1): 73-74. 4 ref. L. and P. mollissimum L.) grown on nitrate was associated with nitrate The results indicated that length X reductase activity. Fractionation was maximum width method is reliable and evident at the step of nitrate accurate to determine leaf area in reduction when the substrate-to pearl millet where leaf removal from enzyme ratio was high, for instance plants is not required or in case of in young seedlings having a low

11 nitrate reductase activity or in seedlings grown on high nitrate Stereomicroscopic oservations concentration. When the substrate revealed that in 2,4-D supplied concentration was low, the isotopic medium at early stages the ovaries discrimination could only be were highly enlarged in size. On NAA associated with the uptake of nitrate (2 ppm) supplied medium also the into the cell. In that case, ovaries were enlarged and often the isotopic fractionation was null. It root formation was encountered from is cracluded that the uptake of their basal portion. The nitrate does not discriminate among histological response of the ovaries nitrogen isotopes. in each medium and degree of response also varied with time. The unique 0056 PANCHAKSHARAPPA, M.G., and value of inflorescence inoculum in RUDRAMUNIYAPPA, C.K. 1982. aseptic cultures is demonstrated. Histochemistry of seedling shoot and root in Pennisetum and 0058 PRASAD, B.L., PRABHU, M.S.C., Triticum.Beitrage zur Biologie der and SHANTHAMMA, C. 1982. Pflanzen 57(3); 377-387. 25 ref. Physiological heterogeneity in stem explants of pearl millet cultured in Localization of nucleic acids, vitro.Current Science 51(6): 102-303. insoluble polysaccharides, proteins, 13 ref. lipids, ascorbic acid (AA) and reducing sugars were made in The variability within a single conjunction with light microscopy. explant (excised tissue used to In the shoot apex, the flank zone was initiate an in vitro culture) of very rich in RNA and protein. Pennisetum americanum plant has been Proteins, AA and reducing sugars were reported. Stem explants were taken abundant and dsitributed uniformly in from the terminal bud and 3-4 the distal area, but RNA was successive nodal rings ;ay from apex comparatively low in it. of plants of the same age. t-.h stem Polysaccharides and lipids increased segments were inoculated on synthetic towards the proximal end of the shoot nutrient solid culture medium, MS + apex and correspondingly RNA, 2,4-D (5 mg/i). The nodal ring away proteins, AA and reducing sugars were from the apex produced soft decreased. In the root, the translucent juicy callus which grew root-cap, epidermis, pith and corex faster than the hard nodular callus were rich in polysaccharides and formed at the apex. The soft callus lipids. DNA was rich in all the lacked morphogenetic capacity and tissues of the root. H1owever, RNA failed to form plantlets when and proteins were high in the transferred to 2,4-D omitted medium, procambial strands and cortex, and while hard nodular callus reduced in the older regiono of the differentiated into normal plants. latter. AA was comparatively low in There was also a difference in the Pennisetum. The probable functions rate of growth of callus formed at of the histochemical substances in the successive nodes from apex. relation to their approximate concentration and distribution in 0059 QUARRIE, S.A., and HENSON, various tissues of shoot and root I.E. 1982. Measurement of abscisic apices were examined, acid content of cereal leaves using expressed sap.Zeitschrift fuer 0057 PRASAD, B.L., and SHANTHAMMA, Pflan:;enphysiologie 108(5): 365-373. C. 1982. Changes in the ovaries of 12 ref. immature inflorescence of pearl millet cultured in vitro.Current The validity of measuring abscisic Science 51(11): 564-567. 6 ref. acid (ABA) in expresed leaf sap was

12 eveluated using whole leaf tissue. 0061 RAWSON, J.R.Y., THOMAS, K., Leaves of young wheat and Pennisetum and CLEGG, M.T. 1982. Purification of americanum plants were detached and total cellular DNA from a single rapidly stressed to varying degrees plant.Biochemical Genetics 20(3-4): to obtain a range of ABA contents. 209-219. 21 ref. After bisection along the midrib, one leaf portion was freeze-dried as A procedure is outlined for intact tissue while sap was expressed purifying DNA from Pennisetum from the other. Both the sap and americanum. A crude organelle pellet intact tissue were assayed after consisting of nuclei, chromatin, freeze-drying and extraction into chloroplasts, and mitochondria was aqueous acetone. ABA concentrations prepared, suspended, and immediately in the two leaf portions were in lysed with detergents. The DNA was close agreement over a range of separated from RNA, protein, and stress treatments. ABA content was polysaccharides by banding it in CsC1 similar in all portions of sap from density equilibrium gradients. detached leaves stressed for 3h, but Ethidium bromide was included in all increased as more sap was expressed buffers to act as an inhibitor of from leaves stressed for 6h. It was DNAase activity. The DNA prepared shown that the possibility of in this manner can be digested with modification in ABA levels due to restriction endonucleases, separated enzymic activity in sap was small, by gel electrophoresis, and used to Compared with the conventional identify specific genes by extraction method, use of expressed hybridization of cloned DNA s( -nces. sap reduced the amount of impurities present in aqueous acetone extracts 0062 RUDRAMUNIYAPPA, C.K., and by 67 to 71 per cent. PANCHAKSHARAPPA, M.G. 1982. Histochemistry of anther in 0060 RAO, A.S., and NARASIMHAM, Pennisetum and Setaria.Beitrage zur R.L. 1982. Cation adsorption and Biologie der Pflanzen 57(2): 193-203. exchange on plant roots.Journal of 19 ref. the Indian Society of Soil Science 30(4): 497-502. 11 ref. Histochemical localization of nucleic acids and protein were Cation exchange capacity (CEC), studied in the anthers of Pennisetum electrometric titration curves and and Setaria. DNA stainability in the adsorption isotherms with respect to sporogenous tissue declined but the potassium were studied on roots of dividing meiotic cells showed rich rice, pearl millet, chillies, lady's and the tapetum consistantly DNA. finger, cotton, sunflower, peanut and Generative and male cells in the green gram. Titration curves for the pollen and the anther wall layers lower CEC crops (rice and pearl also contained rich DNA. millet) tended to be slightly smooth Concentration and distribution of RNA with less prominent inflexion points, and proteins more or less resembled while those for the higher CEC group each other. These were rich in the showud different inflexion points. archesporial, sporogenous cells and The bonding energy for potassium was in the pollen mother cells. At the highest for rice roots, followed meioris they decreased slightly. by cotton and sunf',ower. A close Tapetum exhibited rich RNA and association of root CEC, pattern of proteins unitl it disintegrated. electrometic titration curves and Gradual increase in RNA and protein adsorption isotherms for K were contents to rich level was observed observed for the crops under in the microspc¢e and 2-celled investigation. pollen. Each anther wall layer at the time of its differentiation

13 uptake, showed rich RNA and proteins, which Daily cycles of net nitrate reduction, and at later stages successively in vitro nitrate to top decreased to very low level. Thus, a nitrogen transport from roots growing centripetal, increase in these were studied in two cultivars of 18/13 substances was noticed. The probable at day/night temperatures C or 33/28 deg C. role of these histochemical deg C and 30/25 deg uptake, substances in the different anther Rates of tne net nitrate of amino tissues is discussed in the light of xylem exudation and loading usually peaked previous work. acids into the xylem once in light period, whereas rates reductase 0063 SARR, A. 1982. Floral biology: of in vitro nitrate of from pollination to the first stage activity and in vivo reduction one in of embryogenesis. Some studies on N03- to N02- showed two peaks, period. the biology of millet light and one in the dark dry weight reproduction.Pages 140-146 In Meribel Mean hourly rates per gram uptake, xylem 82: Seminary of Department of root of net nitrate amino acids Genetics and Plant Breeding, 7-12 exudation and loading of 44 and 40% March 1982, Versailles, France. into the xylem were 20, deg C Paris, France:Institut National de la respectively lower at 18/13 whole plant Recherche Agronomique. than at 30/25 deg C. A budget showed that both genotypes of nitrate 0064 SINGH, U.11., and TRIPATHI, reduced the same amount at the R.K. 1982. Development of analytical per day when they were grown proportion of techniques and studies of same temperature. The in roots physicochemical and biological nitrate which was reduced deg C (50%) than of systemic fungicide, was higher at 30/25 properties At 30/25 deg C metalaxyl.Indian Journal of Mycology at 18/13 deg C (20%). export of reduced and Plant Pathology 12(1): 132. there was net nitrogen from roots to tops whereas was import of Seeds, roots and leaves of pearl at 18/13 deg C there roots. millet and cowpea were exposed to reduced nitrogen into and non-radioactive radioactive Variation of metalaxyl, and its uptake, 0066 VIETOR, D.M. 1982. recovery translocation and persistance was 14C-labeled photosynthate media of warm measured. Metalaxyl taken up by seeds from roots and rooting Science 22(2): was accumulated in the embryo and on season grasses.Crop germination was translocated to roots 362-366. 20 ref. and shoots. On root treatment, was absorbed and Kleingrass (Panicum coloratum), fungicide americanum) translocated to the entire plant pearl millet (Pennisetum In both the treatments it and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) quickly. at N tended to accumulate at tips or were grown hydroponically and 124 ppm margin of the leaves. On foliar concentrations of 56, 112 proportion of treatment upward and downward to determine the to roots translocation of fungicide was photosynthate translocated solution or observed. and recovered in nutrient leachates from rooting media of Bahiagrass 0065 THEODORIDES, T.N., and 60-day-old plants. the 14C-labeled PEARSON, C.J. 1982. Effect of translocated 7% of compared to temperature on nitrate uptake, photosynthate to roots, pearl millet. translocation and metabolism in 12% for kleingrass and translocated to Pennisetum americanum.Australian Of the photosynthate times more (1.1%) Journal of Plant Physiology 9(3): roots, nearly 3 solution or 309-320. 33 ref. appeared in nutrient leachates from the rooting medium of

14 bahiagrass compared to kleingrass into the plasmid vector pBR322 by (0.4%) and pearl millet (0.4%). The homopolymeric tailing and transformed total of 14C washed from roots, into E. coli. The bacterial colonies associated with fritted clay, and containing cDNA plasmids were respired comprised an average of 5.7% screened in replicate by differential of the 14C-labeled photosynthate colony hybridization using recovered per plant from the two 32P-labeled cDNA synthasized from bahiagrass genotypes. Diazotrophic "light" poly (A)-RNA and "dark" colonization and N2 fixation appeared poly(A)-RNA. Bacterial colonies more probable for the bahiagrass than showing hybridization to only 32 the other species. p-labeled "light" cDNA were assumed to contain plasmids which contained 0067 VITTAL, K.P.R., and SUBBIAH, "light" regulated sequences. A B.V. 1982. Development of a gamma number of these plasmids were probe technique for monitoring isolated and characterized. rooting pattern of pearl millet undet field conditions.Journal of Nuclear Agriculture and Biology 11: 15-18. 5 ref. Genetics and Breeding

A non-destructive method was developed for measuring the gamma 0069 ABUELGASIM, E.H.H. 1982. Pearl activity in root using a probe that millet variety trial.Pages 185-188 In was administered through the stem. Annual report of the Gezira Research Five isotopes viz., 86Rb, 134Cs, Station and Substations 1975-76. Wad 49Cs, 63Zn and 34Mn tested, were Medani, El Gezira, Sudan:Ministry of found to represent almost similar Agriculture, Food and Natural rooting pattern for pearl millet from Resources. flowering to harvesting stages. Among these isotopes 59Fe was found 0070 AKENOVA, M.E. 1982. to be suitable for field use. This Male-sterility in Nigerian bulrush method also enabled successful millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. monitoring of root activity over time Schum).Euphytica 31: 161-165. 11 ref. and avoided sampling errors. Since laboratory processing of samples was The occurrence of three eliminated the process of measurement male-sterile plants is reported. One was hastened. in a population of 'gero' bulrush millet and the two others in the 0068 WILKERSON, C.G., TINGEY, S.V., selfed progeny of a population of and RAWSON, J.R.Y. 1982. Isolation 'maiwa' bulrush millet. Tests and characterization of cDNA clones confirmed the cytoplasmic genic from euglena and pearl millet which nature of the male-sterility in the increase in abudance upon 'gero' population. No tests were illumination of dark crown conducted for 'maiwa'. The transfer plants.Journal of Cell Biology 95(2 of male-sterility from the pt 2): 474a. (Abstract). male-sterile Tift 23A bulrush millet, obtained from the United States, into Poly(A) - RNA was prepared from a 'maiwa' population is also Euglena gracilis and Pennisetum reported. After six backcrosses, the americanum that were grown in the 'maiwa' genotype appeared to have dark and transfered to the light, been reconstituted against the Light poly (A)-RNA was used to background of a male-sterility synthesize double-stranded cDNA. The inducing cytoplasm. 'Maiwa' double-stranded cDNA was inserted male-sterility maintainer plants were identified.

15 0071 ANDREWS, D.J., RAI, K.N., and Sorghum and millet improvement SINGH, P. 1982. Recurrent selection programme for Mozambique: final in pearl millet populations.Presented technical report.Maputo, Mozambique: at the All India Coordinated Millets Tnstitute Nacional de Investigacao Improvement Project Workshop, 26-28 Agronomica. 38 pp. April 1982, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, (FAO-AGO-MO2/75/009). India. 23 pp. 12 ref. 0074 ARUNACHALAM, V., and KATIYAR, A detailed study at ICRISAT on the R.K. 1982. A viable short-term effects of three cycles of full sib strategy for breeding composite recurrent selection on the medium populations.Indian Journal of composite showed an average gain of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42(1): 4.7% per year in the composite bulk 32-37. 11 ref. for grain yield coupled with a marked decrease in susceptibility to downy The major steps in the strategy are mildew. Since such methods demand generating a base gene pool, extensive progeny testing and are reordering it into a productive gene intensely resource consuming, simpler pool by appropriate systems of mating methods were developed for the and syphoning composite populations breeders who were unable to through effective selection. The contemplate multilocational progeny stragegy was field tested in testing. A version of gridded mass Pennisetum typhoides and Brassica selection called 'half-sib-So plant campestris and found efficient. The selection' (HS/SPS) which takes two utility and implications of this seasons to complete one cycle, is strategy are discussed. described. It requires little more than gridded mass selection to 0075 ARUNDHATI, K., RAO, P.S.R.L.N., operate in the kharif season and is and PANTULU, J.V. 1982. Aneuploids suitable for those having restricted and revertant diploids in the progeny resources, of autotetraploid pearl millet.Annals of Botany 50: 499-505. 21 ref. 0072 APPADURAI, R., RAVEENDRAN, T.S., and NAGARAJAN, C. 1982. A new Aneuploid tetraploids with male-sterility system in pearl chromosome numbers 4n = 25 to 4n=33 mi.llet.Indian Journal of Agricultural and revertant diploids (2n = 14) were Sciences 52(02): 832-834. recurrent features in several generations of autotetraploid A pearl new cytoplasmic-genic millet. Aneuploids as a class were male-sterile system in Pennisetum not of typhoides an inferior plant type was developed by compared to euploids but they were substituting the genome of an inbred less fertile and more variable in 'PT 732" from Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) morphology. Their elimination was into the cytoplasm of an inbred 'PT achieved by selection of bold seeds 819' from Bellary (Karnataka). A for sowing and vigorous seedlings for dwarf version of cyto-sterile was transplantation. Grown near each also developed. By involving this other, both tetraploids and diploids cyto-sterile system in crosses with showed lower seed set in open MS 5141A', -J 126D2A-, -L 111A', pollinated earheads than in selfed their respective maintainers and the ones and an occasional triploid was restorer inbreds "PT 1921", "PT recovered only from open pollinated 1824", "MS 7461" and "J 104", the tetraploids. Diploid revertants, diversified nature of the genes and recovered in most populations were cytoplasm of "PT 732" was ascertained, often more vigorous compared to source diploids though some 0073 were ARIYANAYAGAM, R.P. 1982. weaklings. Evidence is presented

16 that of indicating that aneuploid gametes primitive arrangement than maize. vere functional 01rough only one parent, presumably the female. 0078 BANUETT-BOURRILLON, F. 1982. 0076 BAJAJ, R.K., and PHUL, P.S. Natural variants of pearl millet 1982. Inheritance of harvest index (Pennisetum typhoides) with altered and span of maturity in pearl levels of set II alcohol millet.Indian Journal of Agricultural dehydrogexnase activity.Biochemical Sciences 52(5): 285-288. 9 ref. Genetics 20(3-4): 369-383. 12 ref.

High heterotic response was shown Analyzes the ADH zymogram by Pennisetum typhoides from a 10 x phenotypes of 112 inbred pearl millet 10 diallel cross sat for harvest lines. Two kinds of naturally index, whereas for span of maturity occurring ADH variant strains were the reverse was true. Preponderance observed: in the "low-activity" of non-additive genetic variance in variant, Set II activity was low in both the traits was shown by the low the dry seed, and no Set III activity estimates of heritabilities of about was present upon anaerobic treatment. 10 and 5% respectively, in narrow In the "high-activity" variant, Set sense, for both the traits. Analysis II activity was high and Set III of variance of the half-diallel table isozymes were expressed in the dry and the analysis of variance for seed. The mutation in the combining ability showed the high-activity strain appeared to importance of both additive and affect the product of Adh2 and not non-additive genetic variations in the product of Adhl. Dominance tests both the characters. showed that the mutations in both types of variant strains act in cis. 0077 BANUETT-BOURRILLON, F. 1982. These observations and linkages tests Linkage of the alcohol dehydrogenase indicate that the mutations are structural genes in pearl millet closely linked to or at the Adh2 (Pennisetum typhoides).Biochemical locus. Genetics 20(3-4): 359-367. 10 ref. 0079 BRAR, D.S., and MINOCHA, J.L. Pearl millet produces three alcohol 1982. Multiple chromosomal dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes, Sets, interchanges in pearl I, II, and III. A naturally millet.Theoretical and Applied occurring variant affecting the Genetics 61: 105-108. 14 ref. electrophoretic mobillity of Sets III and II is described. Analysis of Intercrossing and irradiation were this variant confirms the existence successfully used in Pennisetum of a second structural gene, Adh2. typhoides to develop multiple Crosses utilizing this Adh2 marker interchanges involving up to the reveal a dissimilarity with maize and total complement of all the other plants such as sunflower and chromosomes in one complex. In narrow-leafed lupins. Adhl and Adh2 interchange heterozygotes showing of pearl millet do not segregate 12+1 II and 14, 90.0 and 87.8 per independently; indeed, no cent of the cells, respectively, had recombinants have been observed, chromosome configurations other than This is the first major difference that of 12 and 14 chromosomes. In encountered in an otherwise general, the frequency of such cells remarkable similar genetic and resulting from breakdown of the environmental control of the ADH expected complex configuration isozymes in maize and millet. The increased with the increase in the organization of the Adh genes of number of translocated chromosomes in pearl millet may reflect a more the complex. The higher the number

17 of chromosomes involved in the a high yielding Fl forage hybrid when interchange ring, the higher were the crossed and also demonstrate good pollen and ovule sterility. The heterotic capability (the ability to results indicated that meiotic impart hybrid vigor to their instability, deficiency - duplication offspring) when crossed on T23A. The gametes, and unequal distribution of forage yields of 156 of these lines chromosomes account for increased when crossed on T23A and of 144 when sterility of multiple interchange crossed on T18A were compared with heterozygotes. Sterility seems to be controls in precise 9 X 9 lattice the major barrier for the square tests. A number of these exploitation of the multiple single crosses yielded as much as the interchange method for gamete best control T23A x T8 or T18A X T13, selection and establishment of and several yielded significantly homozygous lines in pearl millet. more. A number of the F6 lines possessed better seed producing 0080 BURTON, G.W. 1982. Developing characteristics than either parent. superior inbreds from exotic The results suggest that lines with germplasm of pearl millet.Crop improved heterotic capability can be Science 22(3): 653-655. 7 ref. found in populations from a cross of the two elite lines with heterotic Two methods of developing capability that give the highest Pennisetum americanum inbreds from yielding hybrid when intermated. A exotic germplasm were comapared yield trial of diallel crosses selfing within an introduction (I) or involving elite lines with high selfing within F1 hybrids of the heterotic capability can locate such introduction crossed with an elite lines. inbred (IXE). Elite inbreds Tift (T) 8, T13, T18, T23, T26 (T18A and 0082 BURTON, G.W., and HANNA, W.W. T23A), 71 introductions from India, 1982. Stable cytoplasmic male-sterile and 250 introductions from Nigeria mutants induced in Tift 23DBI pearl were used in this study. Results millet with mitoinycin and indicate that crossing exotic streptomycin.Crop Science 22(3): germplasm with elite lines before 651-652. 5 ref. selfing may be expected to increase inbred seed yields upto 50% and Seeds of "Tift 23DBl pearl millet materially reduce the loss of inbreds were soaked in water solutions of 200 due to poor seed set. Selection for and 500 ppm of streptomycin, and 50 other elite traits, not practiced ppm of mitomycin at 5 deg C for 40 here, could have given added hours. Treated seeds were rinsed in advantage to I X E inbreds. Although tap water, surface dried, and planted the greatest difference between I and in an isolated field along with a I X E hybrid forage yields (1,232 check of untreated seed. Head kg/ha) favoured I X E inbreds, I X E populations of 32,800, 22,300, inbreds generally gave no higher 18,000, and 13,000 from seed treated yielding hybrids than I inbreds. with 0, 200, 500 ppm of streptomycin and 50 ppm of mitomycin contained 0081 BURTON, G.W. 1982. Improving progeny tested stable cytoplasmic the heterotic capability of pearl male sterility (cms) mutants at millet lines.Crop Science 22(3): frequencies of 1 in 16,200, 5,575, 655-657. 4 ref. 4,500 and 2,600, respectively. The sterility or fertility of cms mutants A population of 180 random F6 lines crossed with 2 sterility maintainers were developed from a cross between and 6 fertility restorer inbreds of two Pennisetum americanum inbreds T8 pearl millet suggested that the and T13. These elite inbreds produce induced mutants had sterility

18 maintainer and fertility restorer treated with three concentrations of requirements similar to cms Tift carbandazim were sown. Root tips of 23DA, and were similar cms mutants. 3 to 4 day old plants and flowers bearing young anthers were 0083 CHAMPIGNY, M.L., BISMUTH, E., appropriately and SARDA, fixed and examined for C. 1982. Genetic analysis chromosomal aberrations of the after making relationships between smears in aceto-carmine. spontaneous and cultivated In the forms of somatic cells of pearl millet pearl millet. IV. Study the of growth proportion and nature of chromosomal and accumulation of starch by the abeirations were more than parents and the Fl in hybrids obtained sunflower. In the pollen by crossing one mother ecotype of Pennisetum cells the maximum aberrations mollissimum Hochst (wild were in species) and pearl millet (40.87%) when the a cultivar of Pennisetum plants americanum were raised from seeds treated (L.) Leeke.(Fr). Agronomie with 1 2(4): g a.i./kg seed with carbendazim, 365-372. 31 ref. (Summary:En). while in sunflower a maximum of 29.92 per Growth of the cent aberrations were noticed laminae and starch when carbendazim at storage in 0.5 g a.i./kg the leaves was compared seed was used. for Pennisetum Quantitatively, americanum and P. carbendazim induced mollissimum aberrations in seedlings, during the somatic cells four of pearl millet at weeks following sowing. The late prophase genotypic consisting of characters related to fragments and growth and stickiness, and starch accumulation were production of laggards studied in reciprocal at metaphase Fl hybrids, and anaphase. At telophase When the seedlings such were 25 days old, aberrations were not observed. the leaves of P. mollissimum were twice as long as the leaves of P. 0085 CHAWLA, H.S., and GUPTA, V.P. americanum. Each hybrid exhibited 1982. Combining ability analysis of heterosis for leaf length in relation oxalic acid, minerals and green to its male parent. The electron fodder yield in pearl microscope study showed many starch millet.Theoretical and Applied grains in the bundle sheath Genetics 61: 109-112. 9 ref. chloroplasts of P. mollissimum and of the hybrid P. americanum x P. Combining ability studies with mollissimum. This observation was respect to green fodder quality confirmed by quantitative analysis of characteristics viz., oxalic acid, leaf starch during seedling growth, calcium, sodium, potassium and green Thus, fast growth was associated with fodder yield were carried out in a starch accumulation and 12 each hybrid X 12 diallel cross set in Pennisetum behaved like its male parent. The typhoides. With regard to results are discussed in terms of the differential expression of gene factors which control the rate of effects, studies for quality starch synthesis or traits degradation, were carried out in different including the genetic aspect. seasons and on different plant parts. 0084 CHAND, H., GROVER, The relative proportions of R.K., and general and specific combining SAREEN, P.K. 1982. arbendazim variances indicated the preponderance induced chromosomal aberrations in of non-additive genetic somatic and reproductive variance. cells of Parents possessing desirable pearl millet " fodder and suPF "r.Indian quality characteristics Journal of Mycology were Plant identified on the basis of combining Pathology 12(1): 131-132. (ALdtract). ability and per se performance, and selection criterion for crosses was Seeds of sunflower and pearl millet discussed. It was recommended that

19 of Maharashtra leaf portion should be biochemically cultivars.Journal 7(3): 263. analysed I manipulated in an Agricultural Universities environmen,- when the genes are 1 ref. expressed. Four promising cultivars of were studied 0086 CROSTON, R.P., and EL AHMADI, Pennisetum americanum of 1978 and 1979 A.B. 1982. Collecting in Darfur, during kharif season The results Sudan.Plant Genetic Resources at Dhule (India). BJ-104 Newsletter 50: 28-31. 4 ref. revealed that the cultivars of (Summaries:Es, Fr). and BK 560-230 gave yields 2.98-3.35 t/ha in 1978 and 4.25-4.26 2.1-2.19 Describes the germplasm collection t/ha in 1979 compared with and 1979 mission in Darfur (Sudan) by IBPGR and 3.53-3.57 t/ha in 1978 and Agricultural Research by CN-74-2 and CN 74-3. Corporation, Wed Medani. In all 119 collections were made including 29 of 0089 DEVI, K.U. 1982. Male sterility millet Pennisetum americanum. and dwarfism in pearl (Pennisetum americanum (L) 0087 DASS, S., KAPOOR, R.L., KUMAR, Leeke).Thesis, Andhra University, P., and JATASRA, D.S. 1982. Genetics Waltair, Andhra Pradesh, India. of dry fodder yield in pearl millet KAPOOR, R.L. (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm) S and 0090 DUA, R.P., and for B).Forage Research 8: 19-25. 1982. Breeding strategy improvement of protein content in of Diallel analysis involving 12 pearl millet.Indian Journal 51-54. inbreds in two sets, viz., parents Agriculttiral Research 16(0): and Fl's in four environments and 7 ref. parents and F2"s in two environments 16 inbreds was studied. Different approaches of A genetic analysis of diallel cross diallel analysis revealed that the and their one set of for dry fodder yield was under the was carried out in pearl millet TLe control of both additive and the protein content. genetic non-additive type of gene effects. predominance of non additive substantial The degree of dominance was in the variance alongwith genetic range of over-dominance indicating contribution of additive Generally, preponde7ence of non-additive type of variance was indicated. general gene effects. There was an excess of the parents with good for grain dominant genes in both the combining ability (GCA) for protein populations. Mostly dominant genes yield were poor combiners were a few were responsible for high dry fodder content. However, there in yield and at least 3-6 dominant genes parents which exhibited similarity two traits. or gene groups governed this triat. nicking ability of these high per The combining ability studies further Also a few crosses exhibited high specific revealed that the inbreds L 1lIB, se performance and effects for 5141B and P-7-3-4 were good general combining ability (SCA) possibility combiners. The best specific crosses both these traits. The content and were 5141B X LiIIB, 700251-2-1-1 X L of improving protein is, 111B ana H-702 X P-7-3-4. The grain yield simultaneously implications of these findings in the therefore, suggested. practical breeding programmes have HANNA, W.W. been discussed. 009] DUJARDIN, M., and 1982. Potential for germplasm squamulatum 0088 DEORE, D.D., SURVE, D.N., and transfer from Pennisetum Abstracts. PAWAR, V.S. 1982. Comparative to pearl millet.Agronomy performance of pearl millet p. 65.

20 characters showed an increase in Pennisetum squamulatum, an grain yield and flowering with apomictic grass with 54 somatic reduced plant height in the best-10 chromosomes was crossed to pearl full-sibs alone. The correlation millet (induced 4x=28) to study their studies between various characters in cytogenetical interrelationships and the above five treatments indicated to explore the possibility of that changes in the degree and the gertaplasm exchange. Twenty hybrids nature of association were higher in were produced with 2n=41 (14 pearl the desired direction especially for millet and 27 P. squamulatum) grain yield, days to flower and plant chromosomes. All were perennial and height in the best-10 full-sibs closely resembled the Pennisetum compared to the remaining treatments. squamulatum parent. These hybrids The presence of negative correlation showed a wide range of variation in of grain yield with plant height in their morhpological charcteristics, the best-10 full-sibs indicated the reproductive behaviour, and possibility of breakage of fertility. Cytological observations unfavourable gene combinations by showed some hybrids to be sexaul, biparental mating. whereas others aposporous apomicts. Several hybrids, when open-pollinated 0093 GOVIL, j.N., POKHRIYAL, S.C., or cross-pollinated with the pollen and MURTY, B.R. 1982. Full sib and of each parent, set some seeds, reciprocal recurrent selection in Sixteen bivalents plus 9 univalents relation to pearl millet vere commonly observed at metaphase improvement.Theoretical and Applied I. Pollen fertility for 13 hybrids Genetics 62: 25-30. 21 ref. ranged from 30% to 80%. Development of fertile apomictic pearl millet - Two populations of pearl millet P. squamulatum hybrids appears to be with wide genetic base, namely, Delhi a very useful tool for the transfer composite (DC) and Vijay composite of germplasm from the wild species to (VC) were used to compare the pearl millet. response to selection by the full-sib family method from biparental 0092 GOVIL, J.N., and MURTY, B.R. material and reciprocal recurrent 1982. Studies on agronomic characters selection (RRS). The results for full-sib populations and their indicated that it was possible to open-pollinated progenies in advance grain yield with one cycle of random-mated populations of pearl RRS by about 23% in the case of millet.Genetica Agraria 36(3-4): population DC and 21% in population 309-318. 12 ref. VC, while for the full-sib selection method, the improvement in grain Two hundred and eight full-sibs yield was not so rapid. The studies were developed from each of two on the nature of gene action random mated populations of pearl indicated that both additive and millet using biparental mating. From dominance gene actions were important these, selections were made on the for grain yield, ear length and ear basis of high and low yield girth. The coefficient of variation performance. A trial was conducted as a result of RRS was reduced in with five treatments namely, the population DC, while it was best-10 high yielding full-sibs, the comparable to base population in the poorest-10 low yielding full-sibs, other population. The correlation their progenies and base population studies indicated that the magnitude of each of the two populations at of favourable correlation of IARI, New Delhi. An examination of different characters with grain yield the results of grain yield and other were higher in case of RRS compared to the full-sib system.

21 0094 GUPTA, S.C. 1982. ICRISAT Pearl girth. A biometrical model involving Millet Improvement Program in estimation of m, (d), (h), el, (gdl) Senegal.Presented at the CILSS and (ghl) parameters by least square Meeting on Pearl Millet Improvement, method of Cavalli (1952) was applied 1-6 February 1982, Tarna, Niger. 16 following the procedure of Bucio pp. Alanis et al. (1969). It was observed that the 0095 GUPTA, S.C. 1982. Pearl millet genotype-environment interactions improvement in Senegal.Pages 104-105 occur for tiller number and ear In Report, Third FAO/SIDA Seminar on length but their magnitude is Field Crops in Africa and the Near negligible. The inadequacy of the East, 6-24 June 1982, Nairobi, Kenya. model for all the four traits studied Rome, Italy:FAO. indicates th2 involvement of epistasis and/or linkage among Describes the work done on the interacting genes in the inheritance improvement of pearl millet in of these characters. Senegal since 1931. States that as a result of the ICRISAT-ISRA 0099 GUPTA, S.K., and PHUL, P.S. Collaboration (started after 1973) 1982. Detection of non-additive gene three synthetic varieties viz. IBV effects in pearl millet.Genetica 8001, IBV 8004, and H7-66 have been Agraria 36: 319-324. 4 ref. identified through multi-location testing. These varieties are The mean performance of 21 reported to have superior or generations of a cross between two equivalent yields to the best inbred lines of Pennisetum americanum released variety Souna 3. for four quantitative traits viz., tiller number/plant, plant height, 0096 GUPTA, S.C. 1982. Programme ear length and ear girth was d'amelioration du mil: rapport de subjected to the scaling test of synthese 1981-82.(Fr). Bambey, Mather (1949), Opsahl (1956) and Van Senegal:Institut Senegalais de der Veen (1959). Most of the tests Recherches Agricoles. 5pp. indicated the presence of epistasis in the inheritance of these 0097 GUPTA, S.C., NDOYE, A.T., and characters. The results also show a ANDREWS, D.J. 1982. Pearl millet possibility of the involvement of improvement in Senegal.Presented at genotype x environment interactions the third FAO/SIDA Seminar on Field along with the non-allelic gene Food Crops in Africa and the Near interactions. East, 6-24 June 1982, Nairobi, Kenya. 14 pp. 6 ref. 0100 GUPTA, S.K., PREMACHANDRAN, M.N., and CHOUBEY, R.N. 1982. Ethyl 0098 GUPTA, S.K., and PHUL, P.S. methane sulphonate induced dwarf 1982. Analysis of mutants in pearl millet.Zeitschrift genotype-environment interaction in fuer Pflanzenzuechtung 89: 337-340. pearl millet generations.Genetica 7 ref. Agraria 36: 325-332. 4 ref. Two inbred lines of pearl millet Seven generations of a cross were treated with 0.2 and 0.4% ethyl between two inbred lines of methane sulphonate for 4, 8, 12, Pennisetum americanum viz; P1, P2, 16, 20 hours after pre-soaking in Fl, F2, BI, B2 and F3 were grown at water for 8 h. In some of the M2 two locations. Significance of the progenies dwarf mutants were observed g2notype-environmental interaction having slow growth, broad dark green was worked out for tiller number, leaves, and semi-spreading nature. plant height, ear length and ear The height of these dwarfs varied

22 from 21 cm to 46 cm in comparison to The cytoplasmic effects of the Al, that of the control which grew up to A2, BI, or B2 cytoplabm in 190 cm. The dwarf mutants were near-isogenic Pennigetum arnericanum characterised by high tiller number, hybrids on dry matter yield, delayed flowering and high number of inflorescence characteristics., days nodes. The segregation frequency in to flower, and seed set and weight, M2 indicated monogenic and recessive were determined. Differences in dry nature of inheritance of this matter yields were non-significant (P dwarfism. The simple inheritance of = 0.05). Plants with the B2 this mutation can be of significance cytoplasm had significantly shorter in its utilization as new dwarfing inflorescences. No differences were source in pearl millet breeding observed in inflorescence width. The programmes. difference in days to flower was significant with 2 days being the 0101 GUPTA, V.P., and INDOO. 1982. maximum difference between cytoplasms Biochemical genetic studies in wich probably is of little economic relation to phenotypic stability in significance. There were significant pearl millet.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 2. differences between cytoplasms for selfed seed set but not for Deals with changes in the activity open-pollinated seed set indicating of peroxidase and amylase and amount that differences in seed set were due of soulble proteins and soluble to fertility restoration. 'Tift sugars at various developmental 239D2B2' was a better fertility stages in relation to yield ability restorer for the Al cytoplasm than and phenotypic stability in "Tift 239D2BI" was for the A2 Pennisetum americaum. cytoplasm. Seed weight differences were related to seed set with plants 0102 GUPTA, V.S., and RANJEKAR, setting fewer seeds producing heavier P.K. 1982. Genome organization in seeds. pearl millet.Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 0104 HANNA, W.W., and DIJJARDIN, i. 19:167-170. 15 ref. 1982. Apomictic interspecific hybrid3 between pearl millet and Pennisetum The DNA of Pennisetum americanum orientale L.C. Rich.Crop Science was characterized to study the 22(4): 857-859. 9 ref. arrangement of repeated and single copy DNA sequences. Approximately 54% Objectives were to determine the of pearl millet genome consists of cytotaxonomic relationship of repeated DNA sequences which Pennisetum americanum and interperse with 50% of single copy Pennisetum orientale and to explore DNA sequences of 1800-2000 nucleotide the feasibility of interspecific pairs. The length of the interspersed germplasm transfer. Five repetitive DNA sequences is 4300-4500 interspecific hybrids, 2n = 25, with nucleotide pairs. Extreme variations 7 large Pennisetum americanum are observed in the DNA sequence millet (A) and 18 small Pennisetum organization patterns in Gramineae orientale (0) chromosomes were plant species with low DNA content, produced by pollinating cytoplasmic male sterile pearl millet with 0103 HANNA, W.W. 1982. Forage yield, Pennisetum orientale pollen. The 0 seed weight, and inflorescence chromosomes paired mainly as charcteristics of isogenic pearl bivalents and the A chromosomes millet hybrids with four different remained as univalents. A low cytoplasms.Agronomy Journal 74(5): frequency of AO chromosome 879-881. 7 ref. associations were observed. Although the possibility of germplasm exchange

23 existed, the two species appeared to locations to study their potentials. be not closely related. Among three hybrids examined, one was a 0108 ICRISAT. 1982. Pearl millet facultative apomict, one was an breeding:field plans rabi 1981 obligate apomict and another was summer 1982.Patancheru, Andhra highly apomictic with 3% of ovules Pradesh, Ii L.ICRISAT. 13 pp. with sexual embryo sacs. Sixteen backcross progenies were established Field plans for breeding studies on from interspecific hybrids pearl millet during rabi 1981-summer pollinated with pearl millet pollen. 1982 are given. Seven plants were 2n=23 with 14A + 9 0 chromosomes, 5 were 2n = 27 with 7A 0109 JAIN, R.P., and EL AHMADI, + 20 0 chromosomes and four were A.B. 1982. Pearl millet production 2n-32 with 14 A and 18 0 chromosomes. and research in the Sudan:ICRISAT/Sudan Cooperative 0105 ICRISAT, PEARL MILLET Program for Sorghum and Millet IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. 1982. Report of Improvement.Patancheru, Andhra the sixth International Pearl Millet Pradesh, India:ICRISAT. 17 pp. Adaptation Trial (IPMAT-6) (ICRISAT Pearl Millet Breeding 1980.Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, Progress Report, 82/1). India:ICRISAT. 71 pp. 7 ref. Breeding work to improve the grain Presents analyses of data from 33 yic'd per hectare was initiated in locations in 12 countries and 1974 and strengthened in 1977 with summaries of across-location the cooperation of the ICRISAT. The performances. Of the 20 entries program consisted of screening of included in this trial, the top local and exotic germplasm, selection performers were ICH 220, ICH 211, MBH within local varieties and crossing 127, ICH 162, IVS-P77, UCH-4, ICMS exotic and. Sudanese materials to 7818 and ICMS 7704. develop new varieties. Two populations, Intervariety and 0106 ICRISAT, SENEGAL COOPERATIVE Bristled are being improved by PROGRAM. 1982. ICRISAT Pearl Millet recurrent selection. In national Improvement Program in trials from 1977 to 1979 one cultivar Senegal:research highlights - Serere Composite-2 was found 1981-82.Bambey, Senegal:ICRISAT better yielding than the local Senegal Cooperative Program. 7 pp. varieties under rainfed as well as irrigated conditions and was released 0107 ICRISAT. 1982. Genetic in January 1981 for general resources unit.Pages 13-24 In Annual cultivation under the name of report 1981. Patancheru, Andhra "Ugandi'. The need for an integrated Pradesh, India:ICRISAT. research approach 'involving crop improvement, farming systems and With the addition of 7190 new socio-economic studies is recognised accessions germplasm collection at as necessary to substantially improve ICRISAT rose to over 71600 accessions crop production in traditional pearl of its mandate crops and 6 minor millet farming regions of the Sudan. millets. The pearl millet germplasm total rose to 14340 with the addiLion 0110 KAPOOR, R.L., YADAV, H.P., of 748 accessions added this year. SINGH, P., KHAIRWAL, I.S., and The new additions were from Sudan, DAHIYA, B.N. 1982. Genetics of Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, South harvest index, grain yield and Africa, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the biological yield of pearl Gambia, Nigeria and India-. All the millet.Indian Journal of Agricultural lines were evaluated at different Sciences 52(10): 630-633. 11 ref.

24 described. The genomic-size circular product A line x tester analysis for DNA is concluded to be an end combiiing ability was done, involving of the progression of the 'lasso' give 3 dowuy mildew-resistant lines and 2 structure. These findings of sets of pollinators of Pennisetum insight into the heterogeneity typhoides. One experiment was grown mitochondrial DNA unique to higher in 2 environments at Hisar (El) and plants. Bawal (E2), while second experiment was grown in another environment of 0113 KODURU, P.R.K., GRACE, J.R., Hisar (E3). The estimated variances and RAO, M.K. 1982. Genetic and for general combining ability (gca) pigment analysis of an yellow and specific combining ability (sca) virescent mutant in pearl millet, showed predominance of non-additive Pennisetum americanum (L.) gene effects for all the traits under Leeke.Beitraege zur Biologie der all the environments, indicating that Pflanzen 57: 431-438. 11 ref. the present material could be (Summary:De). utilized for the development of superior Fl hybrids. Among females The influence of environmental 'MS 5141 A' was the best general factors on the rate of chlorophyll combiner for all traits under El and synthesis and survival values of an E2, and 'MS IlIA' under E3 only. yellou virescent mutant of Pennisetum Parents 'HC12', H788', 'ICF 4370' and americanum were studied. The total 'ICF 228', having high gca effects chlorophyll content reduced by 91% under El and E2 and 'C 65/3-4' and 'H and 95% at plumule stage and by 66% 77/371-4' under E3, could be utilized and 74% at maturity in the autumn and for. building up an improved spring-time seasons respectively. A population by using suitable comparison of a/b ratio indicate a recurrent selection schemes. low rate of chlorophyll a Significant positive correlations accumulation in the mutants in both were obtained between harvest index the seasons. The quantity of and grain yield under all chlorophyll increased by 2.9 and 0.7 environments, and between grain yield mgs/gm/fr.wt (% wt) by 7th day over and biological yield. that at 3rd day in autumn and spring time seasons respectively. This 0111 KHAN, K.M., and RAJPUT, M.A. shows a greater inactivity of 1982. Interspecific transfer of genes chlorophyll a accumulation in rabi from napier grass (Pennisetum season than in the autumn season, and purpureum Schum.) to bajra was the reason for higher mortality (Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. rate in the spring-time season. The Schum):final technical report, 1 June pattern of chlorophyll b synthesis 1977 to 31 May 1980.Jamshoro, Sind, was almost the same in both the Pakistan:University of Sind, seasons. The longer days with Department of Botany. 39 pp. relatively high temperatures were favourable for chlorophyll 0112 KIM, B.D., LEE, K.J., and DE accumulation particularly chlorophyll BUSK, A.G. 1982. Linear and a, than the cooler shorter days of 'lasso-line' structures of early spring-time. mitochondrial DNA from Pennisetum typhoides.FEBS Letters 0114 KODURU, P.R.K., MURTHY, T.G.K., 147(2):231-234. 19 ref. LAKSHMI, K.V., and RAO, M.K. 1982. Analysis of chromosome pairing and Previously unidentified structures breakage in pearl millet.Genetical of plant mitochondrial DNA, namely Research 40(2): 165-174. 16 ref. intact linear molecules and 'lasso-like' structures, are The relationship between chromosome

25 pairing and chromosome 0116 KUMAR, P., KAPOOR, R.L., 1982. fragmentation was studied in a gene CHANDRA, S., and DASS, S. controlled mutant of pearl millet Stability and its genetic basis with (2n 14). Premeiotic mitosis, regard to grain size in pearl premeiotic cell development and early millet.Haryana Agricultural prophase I were normal without any University Journal of Research 12(1): fragments, which first appeared at 107-111. pachytene. The extent of fragmentation varied from zero to One hundred five Fls obtained from very extreme with two discrete 15X15 diallel cross (excluding classes of plants, viz., with reciprocals), 15 parents alongwith a partial fragmentation and with check HB-3 were grown in three multiple fragmentation. A different environments to study the quantitative analysis of bivalent stability and its genotypic basis for distribution and the distribution 1000-grain weight in pearl millet. of AI bridges in desynaptic and Pooled regression analysis revealed fragmvnted cells show all of them to that mean sum of squares due to be avarandom events. It was linear and non-linear components of suggested that in cells showing genotype x environment interaction partial fragmentation the bridges and were significant. However, the fragments result from U-type magnitude of linear component was exchanges at pachytene. The reduced high as compared to non-linear frequency of All bridges indicated components, indicating thereby the relatively low sister chromatid possibility of prediction for this reunion at pachytene. In multiple trait. The components of genotype x fragmented plants numerous minute environment interaction viz., fragments were seen from pachytene. responsiveness and stability for Despite these anomalies most PMCs this trait appeared to be completed meiosis but subsequently controlled by distinct genetic aborted at the pollen grain stage. systems which were probably also independent. 0115 KUKADIA, M.U., and PATEL, U.G. 1982. Variability parameters in pearl 0117 KUMAR, P., KAPOOR, R.L., DASS, millet.Madras Agricultural Journal S., and CHANDRA, S. 1982. Genetics 69(l):39-44. 10 ref. of days to heading and maturity in pearl millet.Haryana Agricultural The investigation was carried out University Journal of Research 12(2): with 65 genotypes of Pennisetum 282-286. 13 ref. americanum, comprised of 15 parents and their 50 crosses to know the The combining ability analysis and pattern of genetic variability for component analysis of days to heading twelve metric traits. The genotypes and maturity utilizing 15 parent showed highly significant differences diallel cross without reciprocals test for all the characters included, under three different Almost all the traits had high values environments in pearl millet revealed of heritability estimates excepting that both additive and non-additive early growth vigour and grain yield. genetic variances were important in Genetic coefficient of variation was the expression of both the characters high for synchrony of tillering, flag under different environments. leaf area, grain yield and grain However, the non-additive genetic density in a ear. Selection would be variance was found to be predominant effective for synchrony of tillering, in both the analyses. It was also ear length, grain density and 1000 concluded that array means could grain weight, effectively be used in selecting the superior inbreds. The results also

26 indicated that gene action for days to heading was in close conformity 0120 KUMAR, R.S., SINGH, U.P., with that for days to maturity. SINGH, R.B., and SINGH, R.M. 1982. Cytomorphological behaviour of 0118 KUMAR, P., KAPOOR, R.L., DASS, primary trisomics in pearl millet S., and JATASRA, D.S. 1982. Genetics (Pennisetum americanum (L.) of some forage attributes in pearl Leeke).Cytologia 47: 503-510. 14 ref. millet.Forage Research 8(2): 121-126. 7 ref. The desynaptic plant showed univalents ranging from 0 to 13 at The genetics of stover yield, plant diakinesis and metaphase I. In height and total tillers per plant triploid plant 36% of the cells was studied in three environments showed eight chromosomes separating utilizing 15X15 diallel cross of to one pole at anaphase I. The pearl millet. The additive genetic morphology, cytology and sterility component (D) was significant for all studies were conducted in ill the the traits. The dominance variance trisomics isolated. All the primary (HI) was also significant for the trisomics showed 6(II)+1(III) or characters studied under different 7(Il)+I(I) at diakinesis and environments. However, the magnitude metaphase I. The frequency of of non-additive genetic component was trivalents was reduced at metaphase higher as compared to corresponding I. The trivalent resumed in chain of additive component. Further, the 3, V-, Y-, frying pan, S-, J- and mean squares due to general and 4-shape configurations. Based on specific combining ability were found cytomorphological distinction, the 16 to be significant for all the traits. trisomics were grouped in five The genotypes H 798 and H 692 for classes as bushy, awned, slender, stover yield, H 789 and H 798 for dark green and tiny. plant height and H 672 for tillering were identified to be good general 0121 LAKSHIi, K.V , KODURIJ, P.R.K., combiners. These inbreds could be MURTHY, T.G.K., and RAO, M.K. 1982. used in future breeding programmes. The effect of trisomy on meiotic behaviour of interchange complexes in 0119 KUMAR, R.S., SINGH, U.P., pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum SINGH, R.B., and SINGH, R.M. 1982. (L.) Leeke.Theoretical and Applied Cytological behaviour of a Genetics 61: 333-336. 8 ref. tetratrisomic plant in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. In the selfed progeny of a Schum).Current Science 51(7): opontaneously produced triploid 376-378. 5 ref. interchange heterozygote four different double trisomic plants were Chromosome distribution of 9-8 was observed. In all the plants the the most frequent (50%) anaphase I frequency of alternate orientation of followed by 9-1-7 (12.5%) 7-2-8 multivalents was lower compared to (12%), 9-2-6 (10%) 8-1-8 (7.5%), and their respective types in the sib 6-11 (7.5%) in descending order of single trisomic plants. The magnitude. This plant could not be frequency of alternate co-orientation maintained further due to complete of the interchange complex in these obsence of seed set. The presence of trisomics was also reduced compared one tetratrisomic plant in this study to that of parental euploid disomic suggests that plants with 4 doses of interchange heterozygotes. It is one chromosome (tetrasomic) in suggested that the presence of extra addition to trisomic condition of chromosomes influences the other member of the set can be viable orientation behaviour of higher in pearl millet. associations in different trisomics.

27 millet, 71 pearl millet and 56 0122 LAXMI, V. 1982. Induced Pennisetum spp. semi-asynapsis in hybrid bajra-4.Cell and Chromosome Research 5(2): 70-71. 0125 MENGESHA, M.H., and RAO, S.A. 1982. Current status of pearl millet 0123 MASHINGAIDZE, K., and MUCHENA, germplasm at ICRISAT.Presented at the S.C. 1982. The induction of floret All India Coordinated Millets sterility by low temperatures in Improvement Project Workshop, 26-28 pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides April 1982, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, (Burm) Stapf and Hubbrd).Zimbabwe India. 24 pp. 11 ref. Journal of Agricultural Research 20(1): 29-37. 17 ref. Mentions the objective s of Genetic Resources Unit of ICRISAT, and status The extent and importance of floret of pearl millet germplasm collection sterility induced by low temperature, prior to ICRISAT's establishment. the critical period and temperatures Describes the different pearl millet that induced floret sterility, and germplasm collection missions of any varietal differences in ICRISAT in India and Africa. The susceptibility to cool-injury were different types of germplasm studied in Fl hybrids. Highly collections of pearl millet significant (P=0,001), negative maintained at ICRISAT, their wild correlation coefficients, were relatives, evaluation and obtained for the relationship between documentation, maintenance and mi' 'mum temperature during the conservation are also outlined. booting stage and pollen sterility for all the hybrids. Low 0126 MENGESHA, M.H., and RAO, S.A. temperatures during the booting stage 1982. Evaluation of pearl millet delayed anther emergence and led to germplasm from Nigeria.MILWAI the emergence of thin, shrivelled Newsletter 1: 2. indehiscent or empty anthers. Low temperature at anthesis led to the In 118 Nigerian gcrmplasm early withering of styles, without collections, considerable variation affecting the receptivity of stigmas. was observed for days to flowering, Floret and pollen sterility were plant height, stem thickness, spike highly correlated. Exposure of length and spike thickness. Most of plants to prolonged periods of low the accessions produced few spikes temperatures during the booting stage which were long and stout but with led to no grain-set. It was very poor exertion. Majority of the concluded that the main cause of accessions produced medium sized floret sterility is lack of floret grains which were globular in shape fertilization. The booting stage is with mostly starchy endosperm. suggested to be the most critical Though the grain colour varied from period to cool-injury, light yellow to brown, grey was the predominant colour. Pearl millet 0124 MEHRA, K.L. 1982. Collecting in accessions from Nigeria appear to be Zambia.Plant Genetic Resources good sources of genes for long, Newsletter 50: 45-50. (Summaries:Es, stout heads and good grain quality. Fr). Their tall stalks and broad, long leaf blades appear to make them good Describes the second germplasm fodder types. collection mission of IBPGR in Zambia conducted in collaboration with the 0127 MENGESHA, M.H., RAO, K.E.P., Department of Agriculture and Water and RAO, S.A. 1982. Sorghum and Development. The mission collected millets genetic resources at 2088 samples including 63 finger ICRISAT.Plant Genetic Resources

28 Newsletter 51: 21-26. (Summaries:Es, direct effect was highly positive. Fr). Other important positive direct effects were noticed for plant height The pearl millet genetic resources and 1000 grain weight. Plant height maintained at ICRISAT comprise 14,340 contributed indirectly to the total cultivated, 633 intermediate weedy correlation of most of the characters types and 35 accessions of 18 wild with yield. species, 6 possible interspecific hybrids, and over 4039 accessions of 0130 MUNGSE, H.B., ALAGARSWAMY, G., six minor millets. A brief account GILL, P.S., VIRK, D.S., KUMAR, U., is presented of their conservation SASTRY, K.K., and HARINARAYANA, G. and maintenance, evaluation, working 1982. Growth analysis in pearl millet collection, documentation, with special reference to genotype x distribution and utilization, environment interactions.Presented at the All India Coordinated Millets 0128 MINOCHA, J.L., BRAR, D.S., Improvement Project Workshop, 26-28 SAINI, R.S., MULTANI, D.S., and April 1982, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, S DHU, J.S. 1982. A translocation India. 6 pp. tester set in pearl millet.ThEoretical and Applied Seven hybrids (GHB 1399, BJ 104, CM Genetics 62: 31-33. 10 ref. 46, BK 560, MBH 110, BD 763, PHB 14) and five varieties (PSB 3, PSB 8, WC Sixteen translocation stocks C 75, HSl and Avsari local) were developed in Pennisetum typhoides (2n planted for 2 years at Pune and M 14) were inter-crossed and the ICRISAT and one season each at Hisar meiotic configurations of Fl's and Ludhiana (All in India) analysed. A translocation tester representing four diverse set comprising five translocation agro-climatic zones. Pooled analysis stocks, each involving two was done for number of basal no-a-homologous chromosomes has been tillers/plant, leaf area index, developed. drymatter production, phenology, plant height, yield and yield 0129 MUKHERJI, P., AGRAWAL, R.K., components. Stability analysis was and SINGH, R.M. 1982. Variability, done for grain yield only using correlation and path coefficients in Eherhart and Russel's (1966) model. inbreds of pearl millet (Pennisetum Hisar and Ludhiana were the most typhoides).Madras Agricultural favourable environments and the Journal 69(1): 45-50. 10 ref. genotypes BJ 104, BK 560, PHB 14 and WC C 75 were the most stable In fifty one inbreds of pearl genotypes. millet, variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path 0131 NDOYE, A.T. 1982. Millet co-efficient were studiecd. Grain breeding.(Fr). Reunion de Reflexion yield/plant, plant height and ear sur l'Amelioration des Mils length showed high GCV and genetic Saheliens, 1-6 February 1982, Tarna, advance as percentage of mean. Niger. Bambey, Senegal:Centre Heritability ranged from 16.12% National de Recherches Agronomiques (effective tillers/plant) to 91.44% de Bambey. 5 pp. (ear girth). The correlation of grain yield with plant height, ear 0132 NITSCH, C., ANDERSEN, S., length, ear girth and test weight, GODARD, M., NEUFFER, M.G., and was significant and positive. SHERIDAN, W.F. 1982. Production of Effective tillers/plant showed a haploid plants of Zea mays and negative non-significant total Pennisetum through androgenesis.Pages correlation with yield, while the 69-91 In Variability in plants

29 regenerated from tissue culture (eds. with commercially - desirable E.D. Earle and Y. Demarly). New characteristics such as short York, USA:Preager. stature, few tillers, relatively synchronous flowering and absence of 0133 OKIROR, S.O. 1982. Pearl millet high-order axillary tillers. In breeding research report 1981: single row experiments these ICRISAT Nigeria Program.Patancheru, genotypes were also drought - Andhra Pradesh, India:ICRISAT. 29 pp. tolerant, line B usually having a dryland to irrigated plot yield ratio Reports work at Samaru and Kano in above 0.7. In most genotypes the Nigeria to produce millet genotypes dryland plots, which received only with high and stable grain yield. 150-200 mm rainfall plus irrigation, Reaction to the downy mildew disease produced reasonable yields, although continued to be the major genotype under dryland conditions flowering selection criteria, became less synchronized and individual seed weight was lower than 0134 PANTULU, J.V., and RAO, M.K. under irrigation. It was concluded 1982. Cytogenetics of pearl that pearl millet had greatest millet.Theoretical and Applied potential as an alternative to Genetics 61(1): 1-17. 132 ref. dryland grain sorghum in a large, predominantly summer rainfall area in Literature on cytogenetic studies E. Australia. of Pennisetum americanum published after 1968 is reviewed. The review 0136 QUARRIE, S.A., and HENSON, discusses developmeuts in I.E. 1982. Biparental inheritance of karyomorphology, B -hromosomes, drought - induced accumulation of haploids, autotriploids, abscisic acid in wheat ahd pearl autotetraploids, aneuploids, millet.Annals of Botany 49: 265-268. chromosome interchanges, genetic 15 ref. control of mitosis and meiosis, cytogenetic maps, interspecific In 3 tests of crosses between a low hybrids and genome relationships and (B 282) and a high (Serere 39) basic chromosome number. abscisic acid (ABA) accumulating type of Pennisetum americanum, no 0135 PEARSON, C.J., COALDRAKE, P.r., significant differences in ABA NORMAN, M.J.T., KING, D.H., accumulation between the reciprocal PRITCHARD, K., MULDOON, D.K., WEALE, F1 population were observed. These C., and SCHROEDER, G. 1982. results did not show any large Evaluation of pearl millet as a grain maternal influence on the level of crop for inland Australia.Page 10 In ABA accumulation in both species, and Research report, Department of imply that the plastid genes were not Agronomy and Horticultural Science critical in determining the 1981-82. Sydney, differences between the genotypes Australia:University of Sydney, studied. Faculty of Agriculture. (Research Report, 10). 0137 RAI, K.N., ANDREWS, D.J., and BABU, P. 1982. Hybrid potential of ms The selected genotypes in wide (75 81A, a new male sterile line of pearl cm) and narrow (37 cm) rows in small millet.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 2. plots at five locations:Gatton (lat. 28 deg S), Narrabri (30 deg), Trangie A dwarf, downy mildew resistant (32 deg), Camden (34 deg) and Kyabram male-sterile line ms 81A and its (36 deg) were grown. Two genotypes maintainer ms 81B were released in code-named B and R, combined May 1981. This was developed from reasonable grain yields (3-4 t/ha) the gamma-irradiated seed of an

30 was tested to susceptible Tift binomial distribution otherwise highly with models based on by extensive plant its conformity 23D2B, followed intercellular differences crossing and intense intra- and (A) x plant (B) formation. It is for resistance in the in bivalent selection suggested that in these desynaptic ICRISAT downy mildew screening mutants of Pennisetum americanum nursery. On the average, hybrids bivalent formation is non-random, made on ms 81A yielded as well as which is largely due to the result of those made on 5141 A. The two groups intracellular differences in of hybrids also did not differ chromosome behaviour regarding their significantly fur plant height and requirements for chiasma formation. 1000 seed weight. However, hybrids on ms 81A were, on the average RAO, P.J., and REDDI, V. 1982. significantly later than those made 0140 on combining ability in pearl on 5141 A, but showed better Studies (Pennisetum americanum (L) K. standability, due to thicker and more millet Agricultural Journal sturdy stems. Average incidence in Schum).Madras 69(8): 507-512. 4 ref. the ICRISAT downy mildew nursery was 0.90% on the hybrids made on ms 81A Combining ability of ten inbred and 3% on those made on 5141A. In of pearl millet of African and the same nursery, ms 81A was found to lines origin were studied through be free from downy mildew whereas Indian crossing technique for yield 5141A registered 5% incidence. diallel and yield attributes viz., plant days to flower, ear number, 0138 RANJEKAR, P.K. 1982. Genome height, ear girth, ear packing organization and gene regulation in ear length, weight. Both additive higher plants.Pages 283-288 In and 1000-grain types of gene action Proceedings, Symposium on Cellular and non-additive to play a significant role Control Mechanism, 1982, Bombay, were found out the heterotic effects Maharashtra, India. in bringing in these characters. The general (GCA) effects of Compares the genome organisation in combining ability parents and the specific five plant species, namely, Phaseolus the ability (SCA) effects of vulgaris, P. mungo, Pennisetum combining that none of the americanum, Eleusine coracana and the crosses showed for simultaneous Oryza sativa. It was evident that parents were useful the characters as plants differ from animals in improvement of all to be good for a arrangements of repeated and single they were found a few characters only. copy DNA sequences. It was concluded single or were worked out to that genome organization in a given Selection indices value of the species is designed to suit its gene evaluate the genotypic confirmed the regulation mechanism. cross. They superiority of the parents Sereri A, in enhancing 0139 RAO, M.V.S., SUKHADEV, P., RP.118/3-5 and RP.156/2 value of the hybrids MURTY, J.V.V.S.N., and MANGA, V. the genotypic of the characters. 1982. Analysis of meiosis and for most non-random bivalent formation in P.S.R.L.N., and PANTULU, desynaptic mutants of Pennisetum 0141 RAO, Fertility and meiotic americanum (L.) Leeke.Genetica 59(2): J.V. 1982. behaviour in 157-160. 8 ref. chromosome autotetraploid pearl and Applied The frequency distribution of millet.Theoretical 345-351. 20 ref. bivalents in induced desynaptic Genetics 62: mutants was compared with that was induced in outbred expected on the basis of the binomial Tetraploidy selection for high series. The deviation from the pearl millet and

31 than twice the and low seed set was started in the they contained more sugars than the Cl generation. Segregation in the C3 amount of soluble generation was observed for fertility normal types. and also for meiotic features: per and SHARMA, R.K. cent seed set in selfed earhead, 0143 REDDY, N.S., and chiasma frequency, chromosome 1982. Variability for yield association and chromosome inter-relationships protein content in distribution in pollen mother cells characters and of bajra.Crop were all affected. However, inbred lines 124-128. 10 ref. variation in seed set was observed Improvement 9(2): even between samples not differing in one S4 lines of meiotic features. It is apparent One hundred and developed from that factors regulating seed set in Pennisetum americanum were evaluated in autotetraploid pearl millet were a land race LCB 10 block design. genic as well as chromosomal. A high an augmented randomised significant frequency of univalents and The inbreds showed to earing, days trivalents was the main cause of variability for days length, ear girth, sterility; quadrivalent to maturity, ear grains and yield misdisjunction was not a significant protein content of these characters, factor. As univalency decreased with per plant. For broad sense increased chiasma formation, the gain high estimates of accompanied with was in the form of quadrivalents. heritability were The yield per However, individuals not differing in high genetic advance. were highly chiasma frequency did differ in plot and per plant Both these chromosome association frequencies, correlated (r=0.97). correlated indicating that the dependence of attributes were positively tillers per plant, chromosome pairing behaviour on with plant height, length and test chiasmata was subject to genotypic ears per plant, ear correlated influence, weight, and negatively with days to earing, days to maturity content. Path 0142 RAO, S.A., MENGESHA, M.H., and and protein revealed that SUBRAMANIAN, V. 1982. Collection and coefficient analysis for high preliminary evaluation of sweet-stalk progress in selection be made pearl millet (Pennisetum).Economic yielding inbreds could yield per Botany 36(3): 286-290. 14 ref. through selection for plant, plant height, tillers per plot. The During a germplasm collecting plant and yield per indirect expedition to Tamil Nadu (India), protein content had negative via yield sweet-stalk types of Pennisetum effect on yield per plot in order to americanum were collected around per plant. Therefore, undesirable Coimbatore (11 deg N) and Madurai (10 combine them this broken. deg N). When planted at the ICRISAT association will have to be Center, Patancheru (17 deg 30'N), and JAMES, J. these types flowered later and grew 0144 REGER, B.J., and pollen relatively tall in the rainy season 1982. Pollen germination when crossed in comparison with their growth tube growth of sorghum millet.Crop during postrainy season. The to maize and pearl 6 ref. sweet-stalk types are characterized Science 22(0): 140-144. by long narrow leaf blades, profuse growth was studied nodal tillering with asynchronous Sorghum pollen and pearl millet maturity, short thin spikes, and very on both maize in several small grains as compared with the (Pennisetum americanum) to determine the normal tynes. The sweet-stalk types environments production. could be easily identified by chewing feasibility of hybrid germinated on and them at the dough stage. At maturity Sorghum pollen

32 penetrated the stylar tissue in both 19 ref. (Summary:De). maize and pearl millet. While the majority of pollen germination Studies were carried out on the occurred on the stigma, germination progenies of seven parents diallel of was observed on all parts of the pearl millet grown at two levels of gynoecium in both genera. Pollen nitrogen. Treatment differences were tubes behaved erratically in styles highly significant for grain yield, and usually were short. Individual 1000 grain weight, protein and pollen tubes of up to 15 mm long were tryptophan contents. The characters observed in maize, and up to 6 mm showed significant differences due to long in pearl millet. In intact level of nitrogen. Both GCA and SCA maize and pearl millet X sorghum showed significant interaction with crosses 0.1 to 0.2% of the gynoecia the nitrogen. However, the former examined had polen tubes in the ovary was higher in magnitude for all the with less than half being observed at traits. Equivalent variances due to the micropyle. Such observations, SCA were higher than those due to even at low frequency, indicate that GCA. This indicated that the delivery of the sorghum male gamete characiers were predominantly under is physically possible after regular the influence of non-additive genetic pollination in both maize and pearl variances. Similar conclusions were millet. However results were also obtained from component variable and work continued to assess analysis. Grain yield showed the factors that affect pollen positive association with 1000 grain variability, pollen germination, and weight. 1000 grain weight showed pollen tube growth. poor association with protein but positive with tryptophan content. 0145 RUWALI, K.N., SIROHI, G.S., Among existing male sterile lines, and TOMAR, O.P.S. 1982. Physiological 1l1A has an edge over 5141A in nature of hybrid vigour in bajra respect of protein and tryptophan hybrid-l (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm content. Cyclic inbreeding and S and H) in relation to its intermating of selections has been parents.Indian Journal of Plant sugges ted for bringing out adaptive Physiology 25(3): 241-246. 13 ref. change j for the improvement of these traits. under Growth analysis was conducted rainfed and irrigated field 0147 SAGAR, P. 1982. Genetics of conditions with a Pennisetum grain yield and other quantitative americanum hybrid-I (Hb-l) and its characters under different levels of parents, Bil 3B (male) and Tift 23B water stress in pearl millet (female). flybrid-l had higher total (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm) S and dry weight and growth rate than H).Ph.D. thesis, Haryana Agricultural either of the parents at flagleaf University, Hisar, Haryana, India. stage. The heterosis in vegetative 184 pp. phase was closely associated with leaf area during early growth period. The study aimed at evolving and The tiller number varied on Tift testing the efficacy of a cheap 23B> Hb-l> Bil 3B. The maximum and simple field screening technique tiller number was reached at for drought resistance in the midst flag-leaf stage in three varieties, of monsoon, to identify desirable genotypes for moisture stress and 0146 SACHDEVA, A.K., SINGH, F., and to obtain information ou g x e DHINDSA, K.S. 1982. Genetic analysis interaction and genetics of grain of grain yield and some quality yield and other quantitative traits in pearl millet.Zeitschrift characters under different levels of fuer Pflanzenzuchtung 88(1): 61-68. water stress. Increasing level of

33 moisture stress resulted in reduced The best restorer pearl millet lines expression for all the characters failed to provide complete pollen studied except phenology which was fertility in the Fl hybrid in all delayed. It was indicated that the plantings indicating that certain technique using slopes was effective weak restorer genotypes may pass as in creating different levels of fertiles. moisture stress under field conditions at various stages of crop 0149 SINGH, F., KAPOOR, R.L., and growth in the midst of monsoon, and DAHIYA, B.N. 1982. Combining ability in grouping the individual genotypes analysis for yield and its attributes into various categories depending in pearl millet.Haryana Agricultural upon their relative University Journal of Research 12(4): resistance/susceptibility. The joint 644-648. 6 ref. regression analysis for stability parameters indicated that variation Combining ability analysis was done due to g x e interaction was involving hybrids of 3 male sterile significant for all the characters lines with the 16 pollinators of except final plant height, tiller pearl millet over three environments. number recorded at stage I, days to Both gca and sca variances were ear, days to maturity and drought significant for grain yield, days to index. ear emergence, effective tillers, plant height and ear length unler 0148 SIEBERT, J.D. 1982. Genetic and individual as well as over the breeding aspects of fertility environments. Predominance of restoration in cytoplasmic male non-additive gene effects was sterile pearl millet.Ph.D. thesis, observed for all the characters. University of Georgia, Athens, Hybrids (female x male) showed more Georgia, USA. 151 pp. interaction with the environment than the parents (females and males) for The objectives were to characterize all the characters. Among male the variation, the inheritance, and sterile lines, 5141 A was the best the stability of the genetically general combiner followed by iliA and controlled fertility restoration 5054A for most of the traits. trait in three different male sterile cytoplasms, Fo that the procedures to 0150 SINGH, G., and NAIDU, E.V. develop stable and complete pollen 1982. Performance of pre-release fertility restoration levels in the bajra hybrids and composites in the Fl hybrid could be developed. The minikit demonstrations - Kharif restored pollen shed trait in all 1982.Presented at the All India three male sterile cytoplasms was Coordinated Millets Improvement found to give a continuous pattern of Project Workshop, 26-28 April 1982, variation indicative of multigenic Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 5 pp. inheritance. It was suggested that pollen fertility restoration in the Minikits of hybrids numbering 6900 Al cytoplasm is controlled by two and 1510 minikits of composites were major dominant complementary genes supplied to 148 district and 22 with Lt least one modifier. university centres for demonstrations Segregation for restoration in the A2 during Kharif 1981. The yield data cytoplasm was more characteristic of from 942 successful demonstrations of two major dominant genes with hybrids in 52 districts and 239 duplicate action. Moisture stress demonstrations of compositeo in 44 was found to be most detrimental to districts were received and compiled. the expression of fertility in many The state-wise review of the genotypes. Soil nitrogen levels were performance of hybrids and composites not found to affect this expression. is given.

34 observed in different trisomics were 0151 SINGH, J.N., POKHRIYAL, S.C., studied and their probable KURTY, B.R., and DOSHI, S.P. 1982. association withi mode of fertility Combining ability of downy mildew and transmissior, rates have been resistant lines in pearl discussed. millet.Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42: 200-203. 9 ref. 0153 TYAGI, C.S., and PARODA, R.S. 1982. Genetic analysis of protein Analysis of the nature of gene content in pearl millet.Indian action among 90 hybrids involving 30 Journal of Agricultural Sciences diverse inbred lines and three 52(11): 718-722. 8 ref. diseaseresistant genetic-cytoplasmic male sterile lines '5054A', '5141A' Genetic analysis was made of 49 and '5094A', revealed the presence of entries (36 Fls, 12 parents and 1 high order of additive gene action control 'BJ 104') of Pennisetum for most of the metric traits typhoides involving 6 including grain yield. The lines cytoplasmic-genetic male-sterile derived from African sources were lines and 6 pollinators in line x better in general combining ability tester crosses in 6 different and also revealed higher specific environments for total protein combining ability than the Indian content. The magnitude of variances parents. Amongst the males 'R2527', due to females against males and 'IP,577' and 'I.P. 2053' were the males x females was consistently best in general combining ability for higher. The variance due to specific grain yield. Amongst the females combining ability was higher than 'MS. 5141A' exhibited better general that of general combining ability in combining ability for grain yield, all the environments, suggesting the but the resultant hybrids with this preponderance of non-additive gene line were moderately late. The action in controlling this character. exploitation of the enorIous genetic Among the male-sterile lines '5141 variability by turning more to A', '5054 A' and '67 A' and among population breeding in this crop has pollinators '2072' and '139' were been emphasized. found good combiners.

0152 SINGH, U.P., KUMAR, R.S., 0154 TYAGI, C.S., LAL, S., and SINGH, R.M., and SINGH, R.B. 1982. KARWASRA, R.R. 1982 Genetic analysis Tertiary tvisomics of pearl millet of some quantitative characters in (Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. pearl millet.Indian Journal of Schum): its cytomorphology, fertility Agricultural Sciences 52(4): 215-219. and transmission.Theoretical and 9 ref. Applied Genetics 63: 139-144. 16 ref. Considerable genetic variability Nineteen tertiary trisomics were was observed for grain yield, isolated from some translocation 500-grain weight and days to first heterozygotes and interchange ear emergence in Pennisetum trisomics of pearl millet. typhoides. The variability was Cytological analysis o' these higher in male-sterile lines than in trisomics indicates that chromosome pollinators. Dominance variance was association of trivalents, univalents preponderant. There was non-additive and pentavalents were frequent in all gene action (dominance) for grain the trisomics. But their ratio yield and days to first ear varied from one trisomic to the next. emergence. For 500-grain weight it Other associations were relatively was inconsistent in different infrequent. The relative frequencies environments. Among male-sterile of 6 pentavalent configurations lines the good combiners were

35 '5054A', '111 A', '5141 A', '5071 A' vacuoles. Suspensions grown for 2-3 and '110 A' for grain yield; 'Maiwa weeks were transferred to agar media A', '219 D2A', '126 D2A', '75 A' and with reduced amounts of 2,4-D. This '108 A' for 500-grain weight; and resulted in the production of '5054 A', '111 A', '5071 A' and '75 hundreds of globular and early A' for days to ear emergence. Among cotyledonary embryoids. Further pollinators the good combiners were development of the embryoids was by their transfer to a "Ghana", "H 2', '13 9 ' and '7540' for promoted grain yield; 'Ghana', '1720' and medium containing abscisic acid. '177' for 500-grain weight, and Many of the embryoids germinated and '2072' for days to first ear produced normal green plants. emergence. In general, hybrids Atypical embryoids, some containing having high sca effects had at least many shoot meristems and a leafy one high combiner, suggesting the scutellum, were also observed. The presence of epistatic gene action. relevance of such atypical embryoids in the interpretation of 0155 VARI, A.K., and BHOWAL, J.G. organogenesis and embryogenesis 1982. Aneuploids of Pennisetum reported in tissue cultures ot cereal typhoides.Cytologia 47: 803-808. 12 species is discussed. It is also ref. suggested that somatic embryogenesis occurs in tissue cultures of most Triploids of Pennisetum typhoides species of cereals and grasses. (2n = 14) were isolated in the progeny of the cross between 0157 VASIL, V., and VASIL, I.K. autotetraploid and normal diploid. 1982. The ontogeny of somatic embryos The meiotic instability in the of Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. triploid resulted in the recovery of Schum. I. In cultured immature aneuploids in their progeny. embryos.Botanical Gazzette 143(4): Aneuploids having chromosome number 454-465. 29 ref. ranging from 2n=15 to 19 were observed. Among the aneuploids, Cell proliferation and the trisomics (2n + 1 = 15) were the most formation of somatic embryos from the frequent types. Pennisetum typhoides scutellum of cultured immature though basically a diploid, showed embryos of Pennisetum americanum high tolerance of extrachromosome. were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The initial 0156 VASIL, V., and VASIL, I.K. region of cell-division activity was 1982. Characterization of an in the scutellar node area around the embryogenic cell suspension culture main procambial strand. Cells on the derived from cultured inflorescences abaxial side of the scutellum, of Pennisetum americanum (pearl particularly in coleorhizal half of millet, gramineae).American Journal the embryo, enlarged and became of Botany 69(9): 1441-1449. 36 ref. richly cytoplasmic with prominent nuclei. Some of these cells on the An embryogenic suspension culture periphery of the scutellum underwent was established from cultured internal segmenting divisions and inflorescence segments of Pennisetum either directly formed embryoids or americanum in Murashige and Skoog's continued to proliferate and produced medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l an embryogenic callus tissue which 2,4-D and 5% coconut milk. The could be subcultured. The richly suspension was composed of 1) small, cytoplasmic peripheral cells of the richly cytoplasmic and callus, and the embryoids, starch-containing cells, (embryogenic proliferated again to form a cells); and 2) elongated, secondary callus tissue, organized thick-walled cells with large structures, embryoids, and plants.

36 the translocated Increased cell-division activity in inferred that in the second the shoot eristem region of some of chromosomes involved the embryoids resulted in formation translocation are non-nucleolar and of broad meristematic zones. Multiple could have been contributed by the shoot meristems were organized in male parent. these embryoids, which gave rise to several plants. 0160 VOHRA, R.R. 1982. Pearl millet cytosteriles of African 0158 VIRK, D.S., SINGH, N.B., and origin.Presented at the All India SRIVASTAVA, M. 1982. Genetic Coordinated Millets Improvement variation for juvenile characters in Project Workshop, 26-28 April 1982, pearl millet.Crop Improvement 9(1): Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 16 pp. 20-26. 6 ref. Describes the work done by the In a first experiment on composite Maharashtra Hybrids Se ed Company to populations, it was observed that evolve new pearl millet hybrids with although the means of different high grain yield and good quality populations did not differ from new cytosteriles of African significantly yet there was origin. These hybrids have been sufficient genetic variation within tested in different seasons and their populations for intrapopulation performance is reported. improvement of juvenile traits. The second experiment on 19 hybrids and 0161 ZAVERI, P.P. 1982. Genetic their parents revealed that selection studies in relation to population could be practised for male an6 improvement in pearl millet.Ph.D. female lines before attempting thesis, Punjab Agricultural crosses and the heterotic response Upiversity, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. over crosses varied for coleoptile 132 pp. 145 ref. length, coleoptile width, leaf length and epicotyl length. The third 0162 ZELEZNAK, K., and experiment on a eight parent diallel VARRIANO-MARSTON, E. 1982. Pearl cross showed the importance of millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) non-additive effects for selection of Leeke) and grain sorghum (Sorghum specific crosses rather than bicolor (L.) Moench) selection for general combining ultrastructure.American Journal of ability. Botany 69(8): 1306-1313. 29 ref.

0159 VISHNUVARDHAN, Z., and Ultrastructural eatures of LAKSIMI, N. 1982. A co-incidence of Pennisetum americanum and grain interchange trisomy with interchange sorghum caryopses were investigated heterozygosity in pearl millet - with thin sections of the dry, Pennisetum americanum (L.) mature grain in the transmission Leeke.Proceedings of the Indian electron microscope, and fractured Nitional Science Academy Part B kernels in the scanning electron 48(3): 405-409. 4 ref. microscope. The pericarp of those grains was comprised of three A co-incidence of intercharnge distinct layers: epicarp, mesocarp of trisomy with interchange parenchyma cells, and endocarp of heterozygosity was recorded in pearl compressed cross and tube cells. millet for the first time. Meiotic Mesocarp cells of grain sorghum studies revealed the presence of an contained starch granules embedded in extra chromosome (2n+l) and the model a cytoplasmic matrix. The major association of 1 V+l IV+3 II. Pollen constituent of sorghum and P. fertility was very low and the plant americanum aleurone cells were was completely sterile. It is aleurone grains (protein bodies) and

37 s ..... Patancherus~ .... Anhr Pradeh, India. lipid bodies.• Subaleurone clia Andha bdie.Sbaluroe contained alipd much higher proportion , Andhr radh dAI4 p. than grans , 1 accodindogtB0 protein bodies starch - ' 11 ar, 0165imotn SALUKE, S.S. pATIL structurallythe proteindistinct frombodies 1982. inSowingdrought of and a l and NARKREDE probabilities P.L. '' gris rainfall o te cropbds t ultrastructures . ar important kharif aleurone. The germ ' Newlet e 1: 4 the pr ne a eas.14ILvAl V'~ grains a Iri similar;u t r Bprotein Of the bo' , lipid prone wereuatt °' No significant differences in grain bodies, epidermal C . and to sowing yield were observed due and cells of the germ are according to rainfall probability parenchynapaeciye per millet. mlet moistureuei in pearl described. available gram yield of pearl millet red Grain more intercropping gave significantlY and grain yield than horse gram A roclimatology may be attributed to groundnut.moisture This use efficiency of 0163 IIUDA, A.K.S., sIVAKUM~R, better G., and pearl millet crop than horse gram or M.V.K.,VIRMANI, AIAGARSWAN,.M. 1982. PreliminarY groundnut. highConsumptive in pearl milletuse and of inVestigations on modeling pearl moisture was than pearl development in the red gram intercropping millet growth and and groundnut de n t millet, horse gram semi-arid of long duration of red gram. Abstracts. because more egons.Agron~IY use of moisture wasrainfall p. 19. Consumptive according to the in sowing rd in all Investigations are underway to collect the necessary information for probability treatment in a developing a millet growth model for crops.u"illet-red Moisture use millet alone gram the purpose)pa n ie l t gue o thmai m o maximum in pearl mile a potential and for quant.fyig the followed by pearl M am r s ehorsegram and Sowing aspe groundnut. per r associated with variableSeveral int ercropSing of practices-the grain sorghum probability recorded higher moisture subroutinesmanagement efficiency in pearl millet-red model (SORGF) such as light use growth horse gram and groundnut than interception and water ue can be gram, as and when treatment. grothied modeliatnle bied sowing asier ing modelling. Fiel Rainfall use efficieny utilizedexperiments in milletcovering different e re ar ia genotypes, plant densities, moisture pearl millet red gram intercropping gram. Sowing as rates are being and least in horse regimes and nitrogen probability recorded conducted to collect the necessary per rainfall data sets for developing these more rainfall use efficiency. RAO, 0166 S .4 _'. ) and RAO, subroutines.su*frUseu i eof an individual r RI A.S.R.A.S. , .S.R,.A.. oRA. unre:.listic for 0166 SASRIN, nd leaf model may be n nth pearl and therefore attempts G.G.SN.crop 1982.produo Agricultural dghtn to examine other optionsiudex aand n 1opr -ucion in are made leaf area for Meteorology, (LAI) asfromcomputing the amount of dry matter arid zone.Archives such Srophysics and BioclimatologY Series ref. 31(4): 405-411. B(summary:De). 0164 ICRISAT. 1982. Preliminary r aosu, rati we trtio report of the ICRISAT/WMO Sympoiumh/ Based on a n planning Meeting on the agricultural rought5 were s ed grometeorologY of Sorghum and Millet in the Semi-arid Tropics,15-1 9 for the period i a90-75for 5 selected November 1982, ICRISAT, patancheru, regions in the Indian arid region

38 using the AE/PE values during to mankind: Twelfth International different phenophases. The Congress of Soil Science, 8-16 productivity of pearl millet and February 1982, New Delhi, India. v. kharif pulses crops, was assessed 3. New Delhi, India:Indian Society of under different agricultural drought Soil Science. 88 ref. situations. Describes the geology, physical 0167 VIRMANI, S.M., and SIVAKUMAR, properties, and physico-chemical M.V.K. 1982. Studies on rainfall properties of vertisols. Presents an climatology, evaporative demand and account of the major (N, K, P), climatic water balance conducted at secondary (S, Ca, Mg), and micro ICRISAT.Presented at the IRAT-ICRISAT nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Co) Workshop on Water Management and Crop available in vertisols. The data on Production, 3-6 May 1982, response of rainfed cereals viz. Montpellier, France. 26 pp. 12 ref. sorghum, pearl millet to nitrogen and phosphates in vertisols of India Variations in the timing and amount are tabulated. of precipitation are generally the key factors influencing the 0169 GUERRA, M. 1982. Mechanical and agricultural potentialities of the cultural practices and their effect Semi-Arid Tropical (SAT) regions. on physical conditions of an oxisol Analyses based on the average of Rio Grande do Sul.(Pt). Thesis, monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do to assess the moisture availability Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. 116 pp. to crops is often inadequate because of the relatively high 0170 GUPTA, J.P., and GUPTA, G.N. evapotranspirational demand during 1982. Effect of mulches on most of the growing season. hydro-thermal environment of soil and Methodologies for assessing moisture crop production in wesfern availability to crops including Rajasthan.Pages 9-10 In Managing )il millet have been discussed. Use of resources to meet the challengE to probabilities of rainfall in relation mankind:Twelfth Internat.-nal to potential evapotranspiration and Congress of Soil Science, .- 16 of the length of the dependable February 1982, New Delhi, India, v. rainfall period enables comparison of 6. New Delhi, India:Indian Soe ",ty diverse locations. Water balance of Soil Science. (Abstract). techniques to examine soil-moisture availability and methodologies for Four years' field trails showed choice of suitable crop/cultivars at that application of grass mulch at selected locations have been the rp.ce of 6 t/ha decreased maximum discussed. The relevance of such soil temperature at 5 cm by 1 to 9 agroclimatic analysis in transfer of deg C, reduced evaporation loss and farming systems technology is increased the emergence of pearl discussed, millet (Pennisetum typhoides) during the hot month of June. During the rainy season (July to September) the temperature reduction with mulching Soil Science ranged from 1 to 6 deg C. Polyethylene film, raised the maximum temperature by 1 to 3 deg C. Mulches 0168 FINCK, A., and VENKATESWARLU, also suppressed weed growth and J. 1982. Chemical properties and improved moisture status of soil and fertility management of production of pearl millet and okra. vertisols.Pages 61-79 In Managing Increasing rates of grass mulch soil resources to meet the challenges increased reduction in maximum soil

39 fixed rotation of enisetu temperature, improved the o plant water status as well as root typhoideum, wheat and cowpas ouev kg/ha) occurred nodulation. Mulch losses of N (762-899 growth and which received high application at 6 tha gave the in the plots 150% of recommended highest yield of green gram which was rates of N viz., about 40 per cent greater than that NPK and 100% NPK plus farm yard mulch. Mulches, can thus, be manure. Application of N alone usedwithout for favourably cnipulating soil accelerated N losses whereas addition nihotof , K, PKS to N minimised such to 198 environent for increasing crop losses. Enrichment of P (66 producion. kg/ha) occurred in all 0171 GUPTA, R.K., and KIOSLA, B.K. phosphate-treated plots. A marginal

in salt and net decrease (29-54 kg/ha) in 1982. Seasonal variations ble alnendia teatmnts control and N and levels was observed in water-content profiles in shallow saline ground water-table.lndian alone atd Journal of Agricultural Sciences RAO soil andfor EARMA,S.cosevaioK.• ,1982. , .. aand 52(8)Jou0 : 506-510. ire•vIJAYALAkKS11 ref. 0173 VIAYL~')S cosraIn f Reports studies at Sonepet district moisture Tn A decade of of sryana(India)from July 1978 to drylands•Pages 90-102 in June 1979. The watertable remained dryland agricultural research

India 197180. Hyderabad, Andhra 2-m depth and was close to within Pradesh, IndiaAll India Coordinated surface during July and August. soil Research Project for Dryland There was a distinct removal of salts from the soil due to rains, followed Agriculture. by a dominant upward flux, resulting soil and water coiseret in its accumulation in surface S oila nd uwte a research work conducted atProject different for in its Coordinated Researchh o uLn ..... continued sttos ude Salinizationwineras stations under the All India winter and was further summer because of high evaporative concentration of the ground-water reviewed. Runoff and soil loss Though rainage measures appear to be studies revealed that plant covers finger millet essential for preventing salinization viz., groundnut, soil some of the existing result in much less runoff and hazards, area can be loss. Mechanical soil conservation conditions in the fairly utilized better hy impounding rain measures have been found Due water for leaching of salts during protective and productive. has been laid on moisture and growing of emphasis thesalt-tolerant rainy season crops like pearl millet conservation practi-es because of the crop duthe rtheir major role in raising Organic mulches like rainy season an production- found quite wheatduring etcthe during winter, millet stubble were RAO, A.S•, BABREKAR, P.G., and effective in improving water intake. 0172 of soil and 07OS, A.B. 1982. Total nitrogen and For the proper extensionprogramme in the in a typic water conservation phosphorus balance sheet fields, prior information on under intensive farmer's in the real ustochreptcropping and soilfertilizer use.lant and the various constraints So68152. 1rffarm situations is essential. LD 1982. Soil 68: 125-129 . 13 ref.siDL, 1982. for 0174 s WINDALE, L.D. Balance sheets were computed of of arable total nitrogen and phosphorus in Distribution and use semiarid tropics.Pages cm) of a Typic soils in the resources to plough layer (0-15 67-100 In Managing soil soil under continuous Ustochrept meet the challenges to mankind: multiple cropping for seven years

40 Twelfth International Congress of challenges to mankind: Twelfth Soil Science, 8-16 February 1982, New International Congress of Soil Delhi, India, v. 1. New Delhi, Science, 8-16 February 1982, New India:Indian Society of Soil Science. Delhi, India. v. 2. New Delhi, 54 ref. India:Indian Society of Soil Science. of Describes the characteristics semi-arid tropical (SAT) climates and Reviews the inputs and losses of distribution of soils on arable land nitrogen from semi-arid tropical in the SAT. Discusses the use and soils, the evidence for non-symbiotic management of the sandy soils of the nitrogen fixation from N balances and Sahel, alfisols of Peninsular India, the acetylene reduction assay, the vertisols of Deccan India, and, distribution of nitrogen fixing Oxisols of Brazil and Hawaii. The bacteria in soil and the responses of major constraints to crop production sorghum, millet and nappier bajra to op these soils are pointed out and inoculation with nitrogen-fixing suitable technologies are suggested bacteria. for increasing crop yield. Pearl millet has been recommended to be 0177 KHOTYANOVICH, A.V., CHIKANOVA, better crop for typic ustipsamment, V.M., and BOCHAROV, V.V. 1982. siliceious, hyperthermic soil family Efficiency of different methods of whose unirrigated potential yield has inoculating legumes with nodule been estimated to be 2500 kg/ha. bacteria.(Ru). Prikladnaya Biokhimiya Mikribiologiya 18(4): 542-547. 28 ref. (Summary:En).

Soil Microbiology The presowing treatment of legume seeds is the simplest method of inoculation. However, this method 0175 BOUTON, J.H., and BROOKS, C.O. reduces the potential biological 1982. Screening pearl millet for efficiency of nodule bacteria. variability in supporting bacterial Describes the advanced methods of acetylene reduction activity.Crop inoculating small-seed legumes. It Science 22(3): 680-681. 6 ref. shows the advantage,, of inoculating cover cultures (oat, barley, millet) Individual plants of Penniaetum planted at a depth of 3-5 cm rather americanum from the Tift #1 S-1 than legume seeds. It demonstrates population were found to differ in the positive effect of surface-active their ability to support bacterial substances belonging to alkyl acetylene reduction when screened in polyethylene glycol esters on enclosed seedling agar tubes. There nitrogen fixation stimulation, nodule were also significant differences formation, and alfalfa crop. It is among the selfed and hybrid progeny assumed that the compounds help of these plants. However, in some mixing bacteria from inoculated seeds cases the progeny rankings did not with the zone of growing roots. The match the original rankings of their phenomenon of mechanical lesions of parents. No trends were found as far nodule bacteria (mechanical stress) as larger seedlings supporting higher is also discussed. acetylene reduction activity. 0178 MALLIKARJUNAIAH, R.R., and 0176 DART, P.J., and WANI, S.P. BHIDE, V.P. 1982. Nitrogen fixation 1982. Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Azotobacter and its effect on and soil fer-ility.Pages 3-27 In germination of crop seeds.Malaysian Managing soil resources to meet the Applied Biology 11(2): 111-115. 11 ref.

41 PENCE, 'O', increased by 0181 CS-eSeed and germinationM35 respectively and by oZIAS-AKINS, P., and VASIL, I.K. 24, 13 and 20% in local, yB-! and 1982. Induction of nitrogenase IB-3 varieties of Pennisetum activity in AzosPirillum brasilence by conditioned medium from cell aBericanum respectively after cultures of Pennisetum with various cultures of suspension Azotobacterinoculation chroocccum and A. americanum (Pearl millet) and Panicu inland maximum (Guinea grass).Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenphysiologie 106(2): vinelandii, M.R., 139-147. p.T.C., RAO, NAMBIAR, DART, P.J., 0179 FLOYD, C., REDDY, M.S., wased R.W. 1982. Nitrogen itrogenase activity and WILLEY, in Azospirillum brasilense cultures hypogaea)fit-.ton by in groundnutintercropped (Arachis and grown on conditioned medium obtained Pennisetum rotational systems.Pages 647-652 In from adhryogenic and Panicum maximum cell rological nitrogen fixation americanum cultures, but no bacterial agriculture: suspension was observed on technology for tropical 9-13 growth or activity papers presented at a workshop, 'withda medium. A peak of papers~~~~obaie awucodtindmeim (eds. P.1. unconditioned 1981, Cali, Colombia was aactivity 13 March maximum mid-way through S.C. Harris). Cali, medium harvested Graham and de period. Non-embryogenic :Centre Internacional day culture little Colombia suspension cultures supported Tropical. 6 ref. Agricultura growth or nitrogenase and or no bacterial the nodulation activity. Examines groundnut fixation of nitrogen in in pure culture or P'. 1 9OHAN82. when grown 0182 RADHAKRISHNA, pearl millet, maize i.G. 1982. association with K.C., and GOLL aOTA, cases, association with or sorhum. In all activity associates n cereal resulted Nitrogenase ai6 of groundnut with a nitrogen the rfizx 255-256 In in reduced nodulation and to uncultivated soils.Pages fixation. This was ascribed Biological nitrogen leading to of the National shading of the groundnut When grain proceedings reduced photosythesis. 1982, New Symposium, 25-27 February in rotation with millet was planted India. Bombay, Maharashtra, supplied 20 kg Delhi, Research Centre. groundnut or maize India:Bhabha Atomic groundnut were N/ha, yield following in 22 ref. than obtained 524 kg/ha greater dinitrogen fixing Free-living, the the millet/maize rotation. associated with Azospirillum Azospirillum: Y. 1982. (pH 6.2-8.5) of various 0180 OKON, mode of rhizosphere Panicum, Pennisetum physiological properties, its grasses including with roots and Digitaria, Setaria association of cereal americanum, were for the benefit Brachiaria decumbens application Journal tomentsa, and forage grass crops.fsrael on modified Dobereiner'S Journal isolated andforage grass -0.4re. medium from surface sterilised 43 ref. malate of Botany 31: 214-220. In general no isolate the root pieces. details of obtained from surface The review includes with could be association o Azospirillum crushed roots. The sterilised and shown very clear italica, Pennisetum isolates that have formation of Setaria Panicum miliaceum, maize, initiation and americanum, wheat. Effects of tested for sorghum and sub-surface pellicle were azospirillum on the (acetylene inoculation with nitrogenase activity in the field are the yields of the crop Most of assay). reduction also described.

42 cultures have shown acetylene reduction ranging from 0.5 0185 RAO, N.S.S., mgN/day/Cul to 6.93 mg N/day/Cul TILAK, K.V.B.R., of SINGH, C.S., and GAUTAM, R.C. 1982. gram malate. The other characters of Crop yield and nitrogen content of the isolates were discussed, pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) in response 0183 RAO, A.S., to Azospirillum and PARVATHI, K. brasilense.Pages 507-516 1982. Development In of Biological nitrogen fixation: vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in proceedings of groundnut and the National other hosts.Plant and Symposium, 25-27 February Soil 66: 133-137. 8 1982, New ref. Delhi, India. Bombay, Maharashtra, India:Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. A vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal 11 ref. fungus, identified as Glomus mosseae was found to occur in groundnut and The mean increase in yield some other due to hosts. Pigeonpea, black Azospirillum inoculation gram, green gram, over angular gourd, uninoculated control wns equal onion, maize, sorghum to arid pearl that of 10-15 kg N/ha application. millet also formed mycorrhizae with The effects of inoculation this fungus. were more The lag phase was pronounced under lower longer and the nitrogen average number of levels. The nitrogen gains vesicles due to developed per unit roct inoculation varied length from 11.00 - 28.25 was less in the non-leguminous kg N/ha under hosts, sandy-loam soil conditions of Delhi (India). 0184 RAO, N.S.S., TILAK, K.V.B.R., 0186 WANI, S.P. 1982. Nitrogn and SINGH, C.S. 1982. Field response fixation associated with sorghum and of pearl millet (Pennisetum millet.Presented at the Second Annual americanum) to inoculation with Workshop of Coordinated Project Azospirillum brasilense on at varying Biological Nitrogen Fixation, levels of fertilizer 19-21 nitrogen under August 1982, New Delhi, India. different agroclimatic conditions.Presented at the All India 0187 WANI, S.P., DART, P.J., Coordinated Millets and Improvement RAO, R.V.S. 1982. Factors affecting Project Workshop, 26-28 April 1982, the nitrogenase activity of sorghum Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 7 pp. and millets estimated by soil-root core The increase in mean assay method.Page 506 In grain yield Biological nitrogen fixation: due to seed inoculation over proceedings of the National uninoculated control at various Symposium, 25-27 February 1982, New centres ranged from 2.61%-66.25Z, Delhi, India. Bombay, Maharashtra, 4Z-125.58z, and 3.99%-64z during the India:Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. years 1979-80, 1980-81, and 1981-82 (Abstract). respectively. It was almost equivalent to 1/3 application of Factors affecting the nitrogenase nitrogen alone (10-15 kg N/ha). activity of sorghum and millet Inoculation in the presence of estimated by a soil-root core assay varying level of N fertilizers (upto method were studied. The 40 kg N/ha) brought activity an increase in wns affected by field variability. grain yield over that of control. It The time of sampling during the day, is concluded that the addition of N and the time interval between taking fertilizer could be further curtailed the core and injecting C2H2 if Azospirillum inoculation also could be affected activity. Mechanical taken up in pearl millet cultivation disturbance during transportation in India. of cores from field to the lab reduced

43 not AG .,vDU. S the activity. Activity varied ZHOU, P. 1982. Studies on N2 only with the growth stage of the and fixing physiology of Enterobacter crop when assayed, but also with the cloacae Co22.(Ch). Act temperature at which the cores were microbiologica Sinica 22(2): 160-164. incubated during assay, and the added. 8 ref. (SummaryEn) amount of nitrogen fertiliser C022 was with the Enterobacter cloacae Activity was well correlated isolated from root surfaces of millet soil moisture. of Shanxi Academy of 0188 WANI, S.P., DART, P-J., and on the farm Agricultural Sciences (China). The IJPADUYAYA, M.N. 1982. Factors in the inducing affecting nitrogenase activity (C2H4 strain C022 was grown culture solution with shaking 21-24h reduction) associated with sorghum at 30 deg C, the highest rate of and millet estimated using the soil reduction was 576n mol/mg core assay.Presented at the Second acetylene protein/h. But it would reach 1479n International Symposium on N Fixation mol/mg protein/h under the anaerobic with Non-legumes 5-10 Septembe condition. When it was incubated in 1982 Banf Canada., the pure culture at a normal 1982, Banff, Canada. 0189 WANI, S.D., DART, P.J., and concentration of 02, its N2-fixing apparently. 1982. Report on activity was suppressed UPADHYAYA, M.N. And the N2-fixing activity of pure improving the soil core assay at the nitrogenase culture could be detected technique for estimating concentration of 02 during (C2H2 reduction) activity of field normal grown sorghum and millet 4-96 h. The N2-fixing activity of culture may be evidently plants.Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, pure by different concentrations India:ICRISAT. 13 pp. (ICRISAT inhibited of NH4Ac. The pure culture showed Peda:Trl illetS- Micro . Prss higher N2-fixing activity under more Pearl Millet Microbiology Progress basic conditions- Report, 1).

associated Nitrogenase activity millet plants and with sorghum and by soil-core assay, showed estimated Water Management that a number of factors affect the to plant to activity which contribute Cores containing M.C., SINGH, R., plant variation. 0191 AGARWAL, 1982. roots taken just prior and SINGH, K. soil and plant N2-ase VARMA, S.K., had 4-10% of the Yields of bajra and wheat with saline activityto assay of plants grown in the cores waters applied through srrinkler and from 15 days and assayed by identical of in surface irrigation methods.Annals 13 ref. methods. Disturbance and delays Arid Zone 21(1): 9-14. of acetylene also the injection the field significantly. reduced activity ofh f a diurnal The resultsconducted during kharif Under fieldin nitrogenaseconditions activity was experiments variation and rabi seasons of 1975 to 1978 at noted. Nitrogenase activity was that saline ontogenetic Hisar (India) showed EC by related to the of 11.0 mmhos/cm yield beiug maximal water pearl millet development of the host sprinkler reduced positive wheat by 3%. Saline at flowering. A significant by 33% and of between soil EC was safe to correlation existed water upto 6.0 mmho/cm activity. Some sprinkler if applied moisture content and pearl millet by are suggested to The modifications evening or night hours. in late in pearl millet assay technique. marked reduction improve soil-core of 11.0 yield with application MO, H., ZHOU, H., 0190 YUAN, C., 44 Omhos/cm EC water through sprinkler (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) varieties was mainly due to burning of leaves under dryland conditions.Gujarat caused by excessive sodium content in Agricultural University Research water. In sprinkler irrigated plots, Journal 8(0): 5-12. 5 ref. the salt accumulation in soil profile (0-120 cm) was 30-40% less in Investigations on the relative comparison to surface irrigation, efficiency of pearl millet and guar The study showed that the use of varieties in utilizing rainfall and highly saline water with sprinkler stored soil moisture were carried out could be better exploited for winter on loamy sand soil of Gujarat at season wheat crop but its use for Anand (India) during Kharif 1976 summer season crop like millet was to 1978. The results suggested not feasible. that 'J-1399' variety of pearl millet followed by 'BJ-104' gave 0192 HARSH, C. 1982. Growth and higher yield and moisture use yield behaviour of different bajra efficiency that the rest of the genotypes under normal and brackish varieties tried. Considering the water irrigation.M.Sc. thesis, relative efficiency of pearl millet Haryana Agricultural University, and guar varieties together, Hisar, Haryana, India. 69 pp. cultivation of pearl millet appeared to be an appropriate choice of crops, Two qualities of irrigation water providing higher moisture use viz., brackish water irrigation and efficiency and monetary returns. normal water irrigation and four bajra genotypes viz., BJ-104, CJ-104, 0194 SINGH, P., GUNASEKHARA, B.C.G., HC-4 and HC-7 were tried in the strip and SINGH, S. 1982. Profile water plot design with three replications, dynamics in alfisols and vertisols in The plant growth in terms of height, relation to root crop growth rate and leaf area distribution.Presented at the duration decreased under brackish IRAT-ICRISAT Workshop on Water water irrigation. However, stomatal Management and Crop Production, 3-6 frequency was more under this May 1982, Montpellier, France. 38 irrigation. Various yield pp. 7 ref. contributing characters remained unaffected by quality of irrigation Presents the work done at water treatments. Brackish water ICRISAT Center during 1973 to 1979 irrigation significantly reduced the on the quantification of water grain and stover yield. Bajra balance and soil profile water genotypes differed significantly in dynamics of alfisols and vertisols in respect of plant height, leaf area selected crops or cropping systems. index, leaf area ratio and crop Dat- are presented on seasonal water growth rate. Maximum and minimum balance, root distribution and values of these parameters were percent roots of sorghum, pearl recorded in HC-4 and BJ-104 millet, pigeonpea, chickpea, and respectively. Genotype CJ-104 and safflower crops in three soil zones BJ-104 recorded relatively higher in vertisols and alfisols. Moisture values of number of ears per plant, profiles of rainfed and irrigated 1000-grain weight and harvest index, pearl millet on alfisols, capillary Maximum grain yield was recorded in potentials under rainfed pearl millet BJ-104. or alfisol and root densities and water extraction rates of irrigated 0193 PATEL, R.R., MALIWAL, G.L., pearl millet on alfisol are PATEL, J.R., and SHAH, C.B. 1982. illustrated. Studies on the relative efficiency of bajra (Pennisetum typhoides) and guar 0195 VIJAYAIAKSHMI, K., VITTAL,

45 dry ificantlY higher green and N, nd treatments.yield as compar sseed103-119 In matter ,.P.R.,havsinand n ru e.Pages A decade of dryland agricultural 1982. and ToMER, P.S. DIHANKAR, R.S., MAR K D.S •, Ind 1971-80Project • a d Bo research oodntdResearch in ia 0197 BALYAN, R.S., India Andhra Pradesh, India:All yderabad, Effect of plant density and sowing CnedReerc uptake, yield and Agriculture. time on nitrogen for Dryland semi-arid yield attributing characters of Describes the features of millet .Haryana tropics and discusses the studies hybrid pearl carried out on runoff losses. Agricultural University Journal of ri 301-304.il was3 ref. obtained system te-gtMxmuhas Research 12(2): ExistingEstiwte water harvetinfgharvueste-in been evaluated and alternative w acaie Maximum grain yield 15th July with and inter-row water harvesting InterPlOt from the crop sown on sysemn earea suggested. conserve the moisture a significant reduction with each systems could increase the yield. A delayed sowing on 30th July and 15th in situ and Normal sown crop portion of the excess run-off after and 30th August. situ conservation could produced significantly taller plants allowin of tillers, long portion otherxcept sste awith higher number 4 B J-10 gave grains. Hybrid ogv and storedirrigationl,in farerhasfllo full of bold and heavy be interceptedlife savingbe utilized for ear-heads pondscriticaland could higher grain yield and i igation, and/or for significantly attributes except plant supplemental cropping intensity in higher yield and increasing over hybrid PHB-14. Yield height characters were not inyeasn yield attributing by planting density. much affected in grain late sowing, reduction as Withyield was more with PHIB-14 ard Cultivation of Agronomy 4 uptake BJ-10 . Total with compared to plants was decreased nitrogen by by hybrids and delayed sowing, and levels remained General plants populations both the years. In 0196 AGRAWA, K.K. 1982. Relative unaffected during obtained higher grain yield was crops (jowar, 1976, of fodder to more performance as compared to 1977, owing and bajra) under different maize favourable weather conditions. of sowing and seed KANEMA, methods 0198 CHAUDHURI, U.N., and thesis, Jawaharlal perfor. treatments.M.Sc. E.T. 1982. Agronomic L.) and Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, (Sorghum bicolor Nehru India. sorghum americanum Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, of pearl millet (Pennisetum Three cropS, three methods

(L.) ke).Agronomy Abstracts. p. and two seed treatments were sowing block design 117. tried in a randomized ducted at din g 91 a replicated thrice. Among the crops, at Manhattan jowar proved its superiority in conducted differences i mrvd llt isdtrmn determine the genotypic eoy jowar~~~~~~ras well as and peamilletaf respect of Kieen fodder in grain sorghum and protein millet hybrids dry matter yields The four sorghum and lea and bajra. Kera tested for soil moisture, contents than maize produced higher were temperatures, stomatal method of sowing and crude and air potential. green and dry matter yield and leaf-water pora and resistance about protein contents than yield of sorghum was seed The grain whereas, for methods. Further, greater than millet, broadcast produced 38% soaked treatment

46 the total dry mattter yield was only 3Z. The seed weight and head weight 0200 DHANKAR, R.S., MALIK, D.S., of pearl millet were less than for BALYAN, R.S., and TOMER, P.S. 1982. serghum, but the number of heads were Note on the yield and economics of greater for the millet. The average pearl millet as affected by sowing cumulative water use under well dates and plant densities.Indian watered conditions for millet (60.5 Journal of Agricultural Sciences cm) was higher than for sorghum 52(6): 409-411. 3 ref. hybrids (56.2 cm). The water use efficiency (WUE) for total dry matter The experiment was conducted with 3 for millet was about 3.8 times higher dates of sowing and 3 plant than for the grain, whereas 2.5 times populations to determine the optimum higher for sorghum. The WUE for plant population and sowing time for grain of sorghum was more than twice BJ 104 and PHB 14. The crop yielded that of millet. Xylem and stomatal significantly more grain wheL sown resistance of sorghum were lower than earlier (i.e. 15 July) than. when those of pearl millet, but millet was sown later. The reduction in yield slightly cooler than sorghum. The was 31 and 54.3 kg/ha for everyday VPD and Tc-Ta correlated well for when sown 4 and 6 weeks late both sorghum and millet, respectively. Grain production was not much altered by plant densities. 0199 CHRISTENSEN, N.B., and The hybrid BJ 104 produced more grain VANDERLIP, R.L. 1982. Yield stability and proved more remunerative than PHB comparisons of pearl millet 14. (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) with grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor 0201 EGCAREVBA, P.N., IBRAHIM, A.A., (L.) Hoench).Agronomy Abstracts. p. and OKOLO, A.A. 1982. Some 118,, morphological and physiological determinanLs of grain yield in The yield of sorghum was compared millet.Agronomy Abstract. pp. 43-44. to that of pearl millet, using Eberhart and Russell's yield Characters and traits studied stability model. Replicated yield included leaf area, number of tillers trails were conducted during 2 years per plant, plant height, time to 50% at 6 loctions in Kansas (USA). In flowering, grain filling period, 1980, 3 sorghum and 27 pearl millet length and girth of head and number and in 1981, 6 sorghum and 24 and weight of seeds. For the purpose pearl millet hybrids were used. of correlation analysis, these traits All sorghum and pearl millet and characters were divided into two hybrids used have similar maturity groups - agronomic a-d head dates. In 1980 pearl millet characters, respectively. Tillers (2161 kg/ha) significantly contribution to grain yield ranged outyielded sorghum (1967 kg/ha). from 14 to 35% and contribution to During 1981 soghum yield (6314 grain yield increased with a decrease kg/ha) was significantly greater than in plant population. Tall plants were pearl millet (3200 kg/ha). In 1980 not necessarily more efficient in the average regression coefficient grain yield produced per unit height for the two crops was significantly although there was a positive different, millet 0.964 and sorghum correlation between grain yield and 0.841. In 1981 they again were plant height. Among the characters significantly different with sorghum and traits examined, number of 1.43 and millet.904. For the two tillers per plant, number of seeds years pearl millet seemed more stable per plant and length of grain filling with the regression coefficient duration were most significantly consistenty near 1.0. correlated with grain yield and,

47 .. y.S.R., SNE FKRISUNA, as level of crop production-. therefore, suggest their inclusion rinpoutn.0204 to S.NH of selection millet criteria in an effort Influence of increase ain productioand NG, K.C. 1982.

0202 GAUTAM, 1982. Pearl millet systems of planting pearl millet micro-climate.Annals AgronomV through' half a decade (bajra) on crop - of Ari6 Zone 21(3): 171-179. 3 ref. (1 -81).Presented at the All India 9 7 7 pearl Improvement planting dryland Millets systems of iadu, India. 15 pp. influence of Coordinated Coimbatore, Tamii An experiment on the 26-28 April 1982, triple Project WorkshoP, paired and in uniform, was millet micro-climate rows, on crop It of the research (India). an account conducted at Jodhpur in Presents agronomic crop canopy on various revealed that the work done during was row systems pearl millet and paired aspects of of the triple times more Discusses some 3.6 and 2.0 1977-81 in India. viz. absorbed research findings than the importantimportan research fidigsvi. radiant energy, respectively, of planting, direct of planting. The optimum time the uniform system canopy remained transplanting, optimum of the crop seeding vs. weed albedo throughout flowering intercropping, almost the same plant population,moisture use efficiency management, stages, and grain formation pearl millet, response to the systems of in rainfed irrespective of values of vapour time of N application$ planting. Lower N application, and and canopy in plant nutrition, deficit (VPD) of NPK ratio millet pressure during most effect on pearl tempertures, obtained and Azospirillum in the triple the day period yield. planting, and row systems of G.N. paired led to J.P., and GUPTA, ratio of Rn(G)/RN(T), 0203 GUPTA, lower crop of post emergence demand and improved 1982. Effect lower Et 15.0%. growth, nutrient of 7.7 to 'n weed yields of the order cultivntion of pearl and yield 1982. Phenotypic uptake 0205 MARCHIS, L. millets of Arid Zone 21(4): diversity of cultivated pearl millet.Annals 241-247. 7 ref. Agronomie 3nd Mali.(Fr). in Senegal 7 ref. conducted during 37(1): 68-80. Field trails were out Tropicale to 1979 to find the years 1977 (Summary:En). post emergence effect of complete the nutrient 1974 very on weed growth, Since millet cultivation of pearl millet of pearl and production collections been uptake The results americanum) have western Rajasthan. (Pennisetum de Ia in emergence by the office that one post made up both showed done after et technique of 5 cm depth Recherche Scientifique and cultivation emergence FAO in Mali of seedling dlOutre-Mer and whole 20 days weed a great many reduced Senegal. In them of substantially density and a dozen soil bulk were collected population, lowered and heads were root growth biometric characters and increased an their results were This led to These proliferation. of described. results of in production together with the average increase q/ha analyzed The analysis 3.4 to 11.8 BONO study in 1966. pearl millet from of nutrients. In with higher uptake in country coaluating one post consisted within each absence of weeds also differentiation between the the was found and measuring distances emergence cultivationraising the average The factor analysis useful in 11.8 qlha. regions studied. production from 9.5 to and numerical were not of correspondence More cultivations, however, used to estiate the classification were found useful in further raising

48 Above regionalization and Nei's method to the limited water resources. measure distances between regions,. 400 m cowpea is very useful as a Mali pearl millets, stable in the catch crop. It remains to be seen aggregate since 1966, appeared to be over a sufficient number of years quite different from Senegalese whether it is better to make use of millets and more polymorphic than the the water reserves for immediate crop latter. Regionalization was more production or save them in marked in Mali than in Senegal. anticipation of possible drought. Millets from West MAli are not Some sort of balance between the two intermediary link between the two possibilities would probably be best groups (Senegal and Mali). at the farm level. This results Contrarily, they are the most distant obtained by IRAT in collaboration forms from Senegalese millets. with the national research institutes on methods of cultivation in cowpea 0206 NARANG, R.S., MAHAL, S.S., and the introduction of this crop WALIA, A.S., and BRAR, H.S. 1982. into cropping systems in dry tropical Performance of pearl milet under areas has confirmed the great value late-planted situations and its of this plant in areas with very low nitrogen and post-monsoon irrigation rainfall. The results obtained for requirements.Journal of Research phosphopotassic fertilization seem to Punjab Agricultural University 19(4): be satisfactory for the majority of 283-286. 8 ref. soils. In areas with moderate rainfall of 50L to 700 mm, a catch Possibility of growing a very late crop is of greater interest than an crop of Pennisetum typhoides to meet associated crop. the contingency of providing an alternative to rice in the event of 0208 OKCNKWO, J.C., and VANDERLIP, failure of early rains or limitation R.L. 1982. Effect of crop management of irrigation, was explored and its on seed quality and subsequent nitrogen and post-monsoon irrigation performance of pearl millet.Agronomy requirements worked out. Results of Abstracts. p. 48. two years' experimentation. showed that pearl millet cv. PHB-14 could be The effect of tiller removal, grown successfully even if it were spikelet removal, nitrogen sown as late as second or third week fertilization, hill planting and head of August. Such a crop matured by selection on seed density, seed end of November. Yields of 15-19 protein, seed size and seed weight q/ha of grain were obtained with a was studied. Tillers were removed fertilizer dose of 120 kg N/ha and weekly until plants reached one post-monsoon supplemental physiological maturity. To allow irrigation, supplied at net more space for the developing seeds, cumulative pan evaporation of 75 mm spikelets were shaved 1.5 centimeters at about 7 weeks after the cessation from top to base of each millet of monsoon rains. panicle as the panicle emerged from the flag lebr. Ammonium nitrate was 0207 NICOU, R., and DANCETTE, C. split applied at five leaf and boot 1982. Water requirements and stages. Hill planted plots have cultivation methods in cowpea (Vigna four plants per hill. The heads were unguiculata) in dry tropical selected on the basis of seed size. Africa.IRAT, 18 pp. In subsequent experiments, seed produced from each treatment was The recent results show that below tested for vigor, field establishment 400 m it is better to grow cowpea a3 and grain yield. Head selection and a monoculture or in alternation with spikelet removal consistently millet, which makes excellent use of affected seed size, seed weight,

49 wa uelator and grain yield, lntr proittilich percentage emergence of the late was affected in only lower profitability butone seedof densitytwo trials. Nitrogen compared to the former inputs, fertilization improved seed protein resource constraints of the farmers and risk of losses under uncertain and the subsequent early seedling effect on moisture conditions. vigor, but showed little 0211 RAO, C.R., and RAO, U.14.B. grain yield. maturity of pearl 1982. physiological PAIDA, V.J., and Journal 0209 PARMAR, M.T., millet.Andhra Agricultural 1982. Note on response SADARIA, S.G. row 29(4): 311. millet HB-3 to different of pearl farming of 12 under dry An experiment consisting spacings Agricultural the crop conditions.Gujarat treatments, i.e., harvesting Journal 8(1): from University Research day starting 70thon every to alternate92nd Gay of seeding was 35-36. There during rainy season. 75, conducted grain spacings (30, 45, 60, increase in Five row the was significant used to study 74th day after sowing. and 90 cm) were of yield upto row spacing on the yield also no significant effect of There was 76th HB-3, under rainfed in fodder yield after pearl millet (India) reduction no increase at Jamkhambhalia thereby indicating conditions Data showed day, Hence, it during 1973 to 1976. dry matter production. 60 cm gave in reached the row spacing of that crop that of 12.53 appeared at 76th day highest grain yield maturity the the lowest physiological that Grain yield was seeding. it is suggested q/ha. was from 76th day when the row spacing can be harvested at (10.22 q/ha) yield the crop (90 cm) and this with the physiological the maximum with the coinciding statistically at par was under row maturity. grain yield obtained 0212 REID, M.G. 1982. Crops spacing of 30 cm. to the Sebungwe Improved appropriate Journal RANGASWAMY, P. 1982. Agricultural 0210 grains: some region.Zimbabwe technology for coarse 79(5): 159-160. Journal of constraints.Indian Describes the 3 main crop Agricultural Economics 37(3): 364-371. the Oebungwe production Lones in of improved crops growa, and The profitability and region, different its adoption rates patterns adopted. technology, high the cropping as (i.e. use of millets are grown constraints, and Sorghum and the varieties, fertilizers farming crops in yielding was subsistence Kanba, cultural practices) parallel to lake improved millet large strip Kariba in sorghum, pearl much of Binga and evaluated and comprising zone. at Hisar (Haryana) in the festse fly and chickpea was districts the (Tamil Nadu). It the need to increase Kovilpatti were Emphasizes in that adoption rates range of production o served for quantity and where pearl millet than areas higher for the food deficient Hisar. At Kovilpatti and deficiency diseases chickpea at for malnutrition rates were much 'higher adoption were are common. than for millet. These sorghum the higher U.L. 1982. in accordance with SHRIVASTAVA, of the 0213 hybrids to relative profitability Response of pearl millet for millet at under rainfed package of practices dates of sowing Kovilpatti. The of Agronomy Hisar and sorghum at conditions.indian Journal HYVs and weeding adoption rates for 27(2): 137-139. 2 ref. fertilizers and were higher than

50 research in India 1971-80. Effect of sowing dates was studied Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India:All on pearl millet hybrids in an India Coordinated Research Project experiment conducted at Kanpur for Dryland Agriculture. (India) during kharif 1970 and 1971. The crop sown in last week of July The most suitable tillage and resulted in higher grain yield than seeding practices to obtain higher both earlier or later sowings. Stover grain yields in drylands of India are yield, height of the plant and number described. Deep tillage practice was of effective tillers per plant were found useful in increasing the crop also affected by sowing dates almost yields and proved superior to shallow in the same manner. Hybrids HB-3 and tillage. Deep tillage HB-4 places P outyielded D-356 and HB- in fertilizer into seeding zone and respective years. reduces weed infestation. Its efficiency could be further improved 0214 SINGH, M., and MATHUR, P.N. by mulching. Data on effect of deep 1982. Technological gap in bajra tillage on yield of caster, pearl technology:a critical study.Indian millet, pigeonpea, foxtail millet Journal of Extension Education etc are presented. Recommended 18(3-4): 51-56. 9 ref. seed rate, line sowing with proper inter - and intra-row spacing, and Since the partial adoption of placement of fertilizer while seeding package of practices resulted into gave good response. low yield of pearl millet, an attempt Seed-cum-fertilizers drills have been was made to study the extent to which recommended for seeding operations. practices of pearl millet -. ltivation Ridge and furrow seeding, semi deep were adopted, and to identify the furrow seeding and dry seeding are adoption gap in specific component of also recommended for drylands. Data cultivation. The findings revealed on the effect of seed rate on pearl that seed rate was one item of millet yield, performance of various technology which was adopted by most seeders for rice, effect of dry of the farmers irrespective of their seeding of pearl millet yield etc are size of holdings. Depth of sowing presented. and spacing were influenced by size of holding. The adoption level of N 0216 UMRANI, N.K., PATIL, C.B., and fertilizers by marginal farmers was CHAVAN, K.B. 1982. Effect of improved the highest while levels of adoption dry farming components on pearl of P and K fertilizers were the millet.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 4. lowest. This suggests that every component of pearl millet technology Grain and fodder yield was should be considered separately while significantly affected by use of educating farmers. The findings also improved variety and application of revealed that in most of the package fertilizer. Improved seed BJ 104 gave of practices, the gap ranged from 0 200% increase in grain yield but 56% to 100, indicating that some farmers less fodder yield than local Sajguri. have not at all adopted the specific Low fodder yield in BJ 104 may be component of technology,hence it attributed to its short height. demands immediate attention of Application of fertilizer to local extension workers. seed increased grain yield by 250% and fodder yield by 97%. In improved 0215 SRIRAM, C., YADAVA, G.C., seed, application of fertilizer GUPTA, P.D., and ATWAL, J.S. 1982. yielded increase in 58% grain and 79% Tillage and seeding practices fodder, than no fertilizer. Improved relevant to drylands.Pages 140-152 In management yielded 38% and 43% A decade of dryland agricultural increase in grain and fodder yield

51 rewarding in that efforts have been coarse grains (sorghum, pearl millet respectively in local seed. 0217 UHRANI, N.K., PATIL, OB., and etc.) but not with oilseeds and To improve the yield of CHAVAN, K•B. 1982. E zt of pulses. nitrogen, plant density and row oilseeds and pulses: use of quality under dryland seeds, moderate levels of fertilizers spacing in pearl millet control of pests and 1: 4. and timely condition.MILWAI Newsletter diseases are suggested. density, Three levels of plant 0219 VENKATESWARLo, J., and SINGen , three levels of row spacing auxd three 1982. Crop management to levels of nitrogen were tried. S moisture stress.Pages 48-60 Difference in grain yield of pearl mitigate of dryland agricultural millet was observed to be non In A decade significant due to various plant research in India 1971-80. Andhra Pradesh, IndiaAll Project but fodder yield showed Hyderabad, Research densities various India Coordinated difference due to Agriculture. significant plant for Dryland densities. Higher plant plants/ha developed density of 225 thousand Among the important means more yield. Project significantly by the All India Coordinated recorded non significant to mitigate Row spacings showed Dryland Agriculture as well as for i) development differences in grains moisture stress are pearl millet. including pearl fodder yield of of alternate crops in grain as well with the Significant increase millet and minor millets pearl millet was (ii) choice of as fodder yield of progress of monsoon, of 50 kg suit a given observed due to application crops and varieties to Further increase midseason N/ha than control. environment, (iii) 100 kg/ha had no of ratooning in the nitrogen to correction by way effect on grain and thinning additional beneficial cereals in rainy season yield of pearl (iv) crop life as well as fodder in post-rainy season, of 60 cm with situ water millet. Wider spacing saving through in and 50 kg N/ha use of 150 thousand plants/ha harvesting, runoff recycling, recorded crops, under dryland conditions, for post-rainy q/ha) and mulches post-rainy highest grain yield (15.28 vertical mulch in Deccan fodder yield (20.42 q/ha). f black soils with low infiltration, and tillage in alfisols Dryland off-season J. 1982. as a general insurance 0218 VENKATESWARLU, and fertilisers agriculture:problems stress. A decade of against prospects.Pages 7-14 In research in 1982. Effect of dryland agricultural 0220 YUSUF, M. Hyderabad, Andhra bulk density India 1971-80. tillage systems on soil India Coordinated of bajra.Indian Pradesh, India:All and root development for Dryland 27(1): 80-81. 5 Research Project Journal of Agronomy Agriculture.Agricuture.ref. the improved agronomic tillage systems, Describes India Three pre-plantiug by the All tillage, reduced tillage practices evolved for viz. zero Research Project tillage, were Coordinated one and conventional on Agriculture over last to study their effect Dryland conducted on evaluated and root decade. Demonstrations soil bulk density in large plot of pearl millet farmers' fields and distribution patterns research farms The data demonstrations at at Jodhpur (India). increase in than 88% roots revealed that 3.00% indicated that more if these top soil. production could be achieved concentrated in the in full. The were of practices are adopted higher proportions 1978 revealed Comparatively average yield data for

52 roots was observed in the top layer cultivar x fertility interactions for in conventional tillage whereas grain yield and efficiency of grain lesser proportion of roots was production per unit of N uptake observed in top layer in zero-tilled indicated that response to fertility soil. Thus, the plants under is a matter of responsiveness in zero-tilled soil were expected to grain production efficiency. survive for longer period during Genotypic variation in the efficiency drought by extracting moisture from of N utilization rather than in lower layers. uptake was responsible for variation in growth and grain yield. The usefulness of such genotypic variation in crop improvement is Fertilizers and Plant Nutrients discussed. 0223 BAGCHI, D.K. 1982. Nitrogen 0221 AL'SHEVSKII, N.G. 1982. Effect nutrition and extracted leaf protein of calcium, magnesium and boron on yieio& of four crops in Gangetic the biological activity of soil and alluvium soils.Pages 497-505 In the utilisation of mineral nutrient Frontiers oi research in agriculture elements by millet.Pvysh Plodorodiya (ed. S.K. Roy). Calcutta, West Pochv 7-10. Bengal, India:Indian Statistical Institute. 11 ref. Describes field and pot experiments. The three nutrients Effect of nitrogen on dry yield, increased N, P, and Mg content of nitrogen concentration, nitrogen millet especially when they were uptake and extracted leaf protein applied together. Mg and B increased yields of radish, turnip, beetroot the Ca content of the grain and and a fodder variety of pearl millet decreased that of straw and B (Pennisetum typhoideum) were increased the uptake of Mg. investigated. Application of nitrogen significantly increased the 0222 ALAGARSWAMY, G., and BIDINGER, dry yield, nitrogen concentration F.R. 1982. Nitrogen uptake and and total uptake, but the percentage utilization by pearl millet extractability of protein nitrogen (Pennisetum americanum (L.) was only marginally enhanced. As Leeke).Pages 12-16 In Plant nutrition regards dry yield, response to 1982: proceedings of the Ninth nitrogen was mostly linear. From the International Plant Nutrition equations, nitrogen rates producing Colloquium, 22-27 August 1982, highest leaf protein yields were Warwick University, UK (ed. A. worked out. Application of nitrogen Scaife). Farnham Royal, Slough, increased the protein content of the UK:Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. leaf protein concentrates obtained 10 ref. from the three root crops.

Twenty pearl millet cultivars grown 0224 BAJAJ, J.C. 1982. Evaluation of during two rainy seasons over two various methods of making fertilizer fertility levels were examined for recommendations for cereal crops in dry matter production, grain yield the cultivators' fields.Page 110 In and nitrogen related physiological Managing soil resources to meet the traits. Differences between the two challenges to mankind: Twelfth fertility levels were substantial International Congress of Soil for all characters studied. Cultivars Science, 8-16 February 1982, New did not differ c4gnificantly in their Delhi, India. v. 6. New Delhi, nitrogen uptake but did differ in India:Indian Society of Soil Science. their ability to use nitrogen. The (Abstract).

53 days the increased but after 40 product was Al-P. When the of making fertilizer ultimate recommendationsFive methods to wheat, Pennisetum source of phosphate was Al-P, the typhoides and rice in different final fractions of added phosphate villages representing major soil were Fe-P and Ca-P that were formed series of Delhi (India) were at the expense of saloid bound P and when iron phosphate compared. Application of the AI-P; however, forms of P area was added, the stabilised standard fertilizer dose of the in the presence of the were Al-P and Ca-P a higher net profit than pearl millet. gave of growing crop of actual practice was worked out farmers' of Regression equation fertilizer application. Methods P (Y) and different which took between available fertilizer recommendations P. nutrients fractions of into account the soil the fertilizer X status along with BRASKAR, S. 1982. Genotype superior to those 0226 pearl nutrients were nitrogen interactions in hybrid application was made (L.) where fertilizer millet (Pennisetum americanum basis. The method using on an ad hoc Leeke) under rainfed conditions.M.Sc. approcah was Research multiple regression thesis, Indian Agricultural to the one presently being superior Institute, New Delhi, India. by the soil testing adopted The laboratories in the country. was conducted in evolved An experiment fertilizer recommendations to determine the concept kharif, 1980 through the targetted yield pearl millet ensured response of promising were most effective, as these BJ-10 4 , MBH-II0, fertilizers, genotypes (HS-1, the economical use of and CM-46) to nitrogen levels and suitability GHB-27 The higher profitability (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha). varying investment millet under farmers' study revealed that pearl growth ability, genotypes differed in their flowering, charactcrs days to 50% M.L., CHAUDHARY, M.L., yield 0225 BATRA, susceptibility to smut, U.C. 1982. Transformation and grain and SHUKLA, contributing characters applied phosphorus from Nitrogen of native and yield and stover yield. in the soil as marked different sources application brought about moisture regimes characters, affected by two improvement in growth pearl millet.Haryana and stover under 1000-grain weight, grain University Journal of content Agricultural yields, N uptake and protein 605-612. 9 ref. significant Research 12(4): in grain and stover. A in case of grain yield was of two moisture response On an The influence obtained upto 60 kg N/ha. at cumulative pan evaporation millet required 53.7 regimes under average, pearl ratio of 0.5 and 1.0 the optimum grain (CPE) of kg N/ha to produce pearl millet on the transformation q/ha. and its yield of 15.97 native and applied P in soils was and availability to pearl millet R.S., DUHAN, B.S., on a low P 0227 CRARAL, of studied at Ambala (India) J.P. 1982. Effect radioactive SINGH, soil (inceptisols) using fertilizers of varying revealed that phosphatic yitid P32. The results solubilities on the crop ratio of 1.0) water of higher moisture (CPE physicochemical properties amount of and of could maintain a greater of Indian Society bound and soils.Journal added P in the saloid 30(3): 279-284. 12 ref. for the Soil Science Olsen's available P forms to the lower fixed site crop as compared A field experiment at of 0.5). With to moisture (CPE ratio for three years phosphate, was conducted of the addition of diammonium the comparative efficiency immediately study saloid bound P and Al-P

54 a decrease in pH while WG different phosphatic fertilizers on resulted in Legume millet (GrB) Typic Camborthids sandy loam soil of and Grb in CaCO3. caused pH 8.5. Application of 60 kg P205/ha in all the absorbed systems in Zn fractions. through diammonium phosphate (DAP), the maximum decrease triple superphosphate (TSP), and nitrophosphate (NP) of 80% water 0229 COALDRAKE, P.D., and PEARSON, soluble phosphorus (WSP) increased C.J. 1982. Floral initiation and pearl the grain yield of pearl millet and inflorescence development in wheat significantly. Statistically, millet.Pages 10-11 In Research NP (80% WSP) was at par with DAP and report, Department of Agronomy and TSP, but NP of 50% and 30% WSP were Horticultural Science 1981-82. inferior. Continued application of Sydney, Australia:University of phosphatic fertilizers caused a Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture. decrease in soil pH and increase in (Research Report, 10). organic carbon content. Available P status of soil decreased in control An experiment was conducted at the plots but increased from 8.0 to 26.2 Agronomy Research Unit, Camden, kg P/ha in plots receiving 60 kg (Australia), in the summer of 1981-82 P205/ba. Fixation of added P was to examine the effects of 4 levels of related to its solubility. nitrogen fertilizer (0, 100 and 200 kg N/ha at sowing and 200 kg N/ha 0228 CHANDI, K.S., and TAKKAR, P.N. split in weekly applications) on 1982. Effects of agricultural floral initiation and plant cropping systems on micronutrients morphology in pearl millet transformation. I. Zinc.Plant and (Pennisetum americanum). No-nitrogen Soil 69: 423-436. 17 ref. at sowing resulted in a slight delay in time to floral initiation and had The effect of cropping systems of no effect on duration of spikelet wheat-maize (WM), wheat-rice (WR), production compared with the plus wheat-groundnut (WG), gram-bajra nitrogen treatments. The no-nitrogen (GrB), potato-guara (PGu), and treatment caused the rate of spikelet raya-mash (RaMa) in combination with production to be slower than observed treatments of dummy (uncultivated when nitrogen was applied. Further area) and applied Zn 0.0, 2.8, 5.6, experiments are in progress. 11.2 kg/ha was studied on the transformation of labile Zn 0230 DHILLON, N.S., BRAR, J.S., and fractions:exchangeable (Exch.), SIDHU, A.S. 1982. Potassium absorbed (TAd), [weakly (WAd), iequirements of crops based on soil moderately (MAd), strongly (SAd)], tests.Indian Journal of Ecology 9(2): and orgauic matter (OM) in different 338-339. 2 ref. layers of sandy loam soil. About 70% of the total labile Zn (PAy) remained Field experiments were conducted in the WAd-and OM-Zn, that is, 33 and with Pennisetum americanum and eight 39% in 0-15 cm layer, and 33-39% and other crops to recommend fertilizer K 31-36% in 16-150 cm layer. All the for specific yield levels of crops Zn fractions in 0-15 cm layer, and keeping in view the contribution of only of WAd in 16-30 cm layer, applied and native K. The K significantly increased with rates of requirement was comparatively higher than Zn addition. Diverse effects of for raya, pearl millet and mash cropping systems of soil properties, for other crops. Paddy and pearl residual Zn, and labile Zn fractions millet were the most efficient crops were found. Uptake of Zn b,r crops for mining soil K. Fertilizer doses markedly and successively increased of K for one specific yield target with increasing rates of Zn for a particular soil testing were application. The WR, WM, and GrB worked out. For 30 q/ha yield of

55 88 pp. a dose of 49 kg K2O/ha Cacu pearl millet revealed that with 0.48 Calcium was recommended onavalabl the soil kg/h K.Results carbonate treatment decreased dry kg/ha available K. P concentration and M.N., and matter yield, 0231 HAIPAIAH, R., SINHA, but increased Zn Tracer studies on uptake, RAO, R.K. 1982. and uptake. The of phosphorus by crop concentration utilization dry - application of FYh increased plant in cereal - cereal and legume Pconcentration and cereal rotations.Journal of Nuclear matter yield, of FYM was very and Biology 11(2): 76-79. uptake. The effect Agriculture increase wide at POZnO where manifold dry matter yield was recorded. 8 ref. in P increased the Increasing levels of using 32P revealed concentration and Tracer studies dry matter yield, P from fertilizer was that P derived Zinc concentration the uptake. upto 200 markedly upto by P application increased in both decreased and of 60 kg P205/ha due to dilution effect application due to ppm P also fodder and grain crops Application of Zn kharif of antagonism. and Zn direct effect the dry matter yield cumulative uptake increased P uptake phosphorus. Fertilizer-P uptake but did not decrease P fertilization soil. Iron resulting from varied except in CaC03 treated crop determined the at higher to the previous chlorosis was observed P derived from in presence of efficiency of levels of P and 'n the subsequent crop the dry matter fertilizer by CaC03 which decreased higher at lower and uptake of P which was generally yield, concentration to the previous of P "nd Zn level of P appliction and Zn. Application of bajra, cowpea and i soil, crop. The effect increased their availability fodder or gain was availability of soybean grown for but decreased the in respect of P treatment more or less similar others. Calcium carbonate fertilizer by the of P and derived from decreased the availability which received a increased their following wheat crop Zn, whereas FYM P205/ha in all and presence basal dose of 60 kg availabilityCaCO3. in absence the teatmntsof the treatments. M. B.R.V., NAIK, C.S.K., and PAL, 0232 IYENGAR, 0234 KAUSHIK, S.K., 1982. Transformation pearl millet and BAKRE, S.G. 1982. Response of of phosphorus levels under and availability hybrids to nitrogen coffee.Journal Journal applied to soil under irrigated conditions.Indian of Soil Science 6 ref. of Indian Society of Agronomy 27(4): 435-436. ref. 30(3): 285-290. 17 fertilization brought on Nitrogen of P applied increase in pearl Residual effect about sign ;cant was seen in pot It produced ground rock phosphate millet productivity. with coffee with 200 kg/ha culture experiments 36.99 q/ha of grains maize and bajra of nitrogen followed by of N. The application Significant however did not (Pennisetum typhoides). beyond 160 kg/ha on dry matter increase in effect was observed advantageous. The prove and dry fodder yield due to production andagrain P uptake. was mainly levels of nitrogen the 1982. Effect of an increase in 0233 KACHROO, A. attributed to their availability bearing tillers and added P and Zn on plant growth, ear of pearl millet HB-3 produced uptake and growth 1000-grain weight. Burm. F).M.Sc. grain yield over typhoides significantly higher (Pennisetum Agricultural were at par thesis, Haryana J 934. Both the hybrids Haryana, India. fodder yield. University, Hisar, with respect to dry

56 the total K from non-exchangeabl. 0235 KLAN, I.A., RAWAL, D.R., and When wheat and bajra crops BHATIA, S.K. 1982. Effect of sources. grown in this soil with economising nitrogeneous fertilizers were levels of applied K through application of organic different and 321 mg K/2 kg soil), manures in a bajra - wheat - moong (0,107,214 and bajr utilized crop sequence.Indian Journal of at KO level wheat of the total Agronomy 27(3): 207-210. 86 and 95 per cent requirement from the non-exchangeable level, A field experiment was conducted source respectively. At KI cent and for three consecutive years 1974-75, wheat utilized only 19 per was a 1975-76 and 1976-77 at Agricultural at higher levels of K there of soil. In Research Sub-station, Hanumangarh build-up of K status 59, 13 (India) to study the possibility of bajra, at KI, K2 and K3 levels were nitrogen economy through use of and 22 per cent of total uptake farmyard manure (FYM) in comparison contributed by non-exchangeable with fertilizer combination of N, P forms. The total K uptake by bajra and K in a crop sequence bajra, was more than twice that of wheat. wheat, moong. Results revealed that Plant analysis showed that 83 per under desert tract like Hanumangarh cent of the total K in wheat was there was no possibility of contained in the shoot portion and economising nitrogen through use of the z 3t in the roots. The FYM due to high temperatures corresponding figures for bajra were prevailing during summer months. 94 and 6 per cent. There was non-significant effects of different main plot treatmnts for 0237 MESHCHERINA, V.A., and wheat crop in all the three years. YAROVOI, N.V. 1982. Effect of trace However use of chemical fertilizers, elements on the growth and proved significantly superior over development of millet.Donskoi S-kh applications of FYM + N in the form Inst (Sb, Nauchn. Tr) 23-26. of urea during 1975-76 and 1976-77. There was significant residual effect When seeds were treated with 0.05% of FYM in moong crop. only during solutions of Mn, Zn, Cu, or Co 1974-75. sulfates, the germination of the seed and the seedling growth decreased in 0236 KRISHNA KUMARI, M., KHERA, Cu and Co and somewhat increased in M.S., and GOSH, A.B. 1982. Studies Mn and Zn treatments. Zn had the on potassium release in an alluvial best effect on seedling growth, soil (Holambi series) at the minimum Further experiments with Zn in the level of exchangeable potassium.Pages field showed that Zn applied at 3 65-66 In Managing soil resources to kg/ha increased the millet yield meet the challenges to most. The data suggest that millet mankind:Twelfth International is a zincophilic plant. Congress of Soil Science, 8-16 February 1982, New Delhi, India. v. 0238 NAGRE, K.T. 1982. Soil and 6. New Delhi, India:Indian Society foliar application of nitrogen to of Soil Science. (Abstract). rainfed jowar and bajra.Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities Ammonium acetate extractable K in 7(3): 235-236. 3 ref. the soil reached a minimum value of 6.8 mg/100 g soil after growing 14 The results obtained from the field crops of wheat and bajra, without trial conducted at Akola (India) applying any K fertilizer. At this indicated that sorghum produced level of ammonium acetate extractable significantly more grain yield K, both wheat and bajra crops (59.3%) than pearl millet. Grain utilized more than 900 per cent of yield of pearl millet increased

57 Potasse no 4. 12 pp. application of significantly with the either applied 30 and 60 kg N/ha An application of 50 kg/ha KCil soil or half through in yield whole through produces a 20% increase year is through foliage. Both of whether the soil and half and irrespective 2250 were equally better Yields of around these methods good or bad. straw Nitrogen use efficiency kg/ha if the millet effective. more kg/ha (2500 may kg/kg N) was reincorporated into the soil) of sorghum (41.7 (21.0 kg/kg N) at is than pearl millet which are stable thus be obtained N) atve. from one year to another (variation than30 kg pkgN/ha level. more around 5%) and coefficient of application and KHERA, M.S. stable than with a single 0239 PATRA, D.P., of seven years' 1982. Effect (V.C. around 12%); of NP fertilizer nitrogen and millet productior fertilization with rainfall in the on step K and constant highly unpredictable. phosphorus area is always and of an inceptisol of mineral balance rate K status of Calculation Indian Society studies show that soil.Journal of soil evolution 82-84. 5 ref. reserves in Soil Scie .!e 30(1): maintenance of potassium only if the sandy soils is possible this study, into samples for straw is reincorporated Soil 15-30, millet Research 3 depths (0-15, after harvesting. representing the the soil were collected from of a balanced 30-45 cm) into the achievement out 'Management to be carried field plots of experiment supply, needs in a wheat of the crop nitrogen and phosphorus the context of conducted within each being rather than for - bajra sequence" sequence, the New Delhi. In This is because since 1969-70 at IARI, individual crop. all the 3 depths the soil potassium the samples for millet exhausts and phosphorus extent in the without nitrogen reserves to a greater K release due K fertilizer treatment (No Ponopo) presence of heavy 1N HNO3 attained to extraction with applications. 6 extraction constant rate after with 120 kg and DAS, S.K. whereas in the samples 0241 RAO, A.C.S., P205/ha treatments management and N/ha and 60 kg 1982. Soil fertility became constant crops.Pages (N2P2n2P2) K release fertilizer use in dryland The total step-K of dryland after 5 extraction. 120-139 In A decade of 45 cm was in India the -oil depth research upto 0 g soil in agricultural Pradesh, by 0.51 m.e. K/10 2 Hyderabad, Andhra greater N2P2n2P 1977-80. Research plot than that of India Coordinated NoPonopo of step-K India:All 5 maximum lowering for Dryland Agricul-.:e. plot. The the Project 15.30 cm depth in was observed in ref. 2 2 treatment plot, caae of N2P2n P to larger removal from the which was ascribed The data available depth by deep the Dryland soil K from this centres of of millet. reset7ch widespread crop of pearl indicated rooted these Projec'. dryland between step-K of of N and P in Difference kg K/ha deficiencies limited found to be 446 of K was plots was that areas. Deficiency soils. m.e. K/100g. Concludes light textured i.e. 0.51 systems to during term cropping results obtained under long of Experimental the as a better index one decade across step-K may prove in the last of the K supply role characterising the useful the FYMcentres and indicated legumes in boosting micaceous soils. Pearl millet at dryland crop yields. C. 1982. Potash significantly to 0240 PIERI, Jodhpur responded at (Pennisetum) finger millet in millet applied FYM and fertilization of a significant effects on the fertility showed and its de la Bangalore sandy soil in Senegal.Revue

58 advantage to incorporated sunhemp 0243 SALCEDO, I.H., SAMPAIO, prior to sowing. Crop residues did E.V.S.B., and ANDRADE, A. 1982. not hold much promise for drylands. Comparison between P and K as The utility of bacterial cultures in fertilizers sources for pearl millet drylands is yet to be established, grown in a red-yellow podzolic Crops have responded extremely well soil.(Pt). Revista Brasileira de to the applied inorganic N and P. Ciencia do Solo 6(3): 215-219. 17 Response of crops with respect to ref. (Summary:En). K.S, lime, Zn has been restricted to specified zones while no advantage All sources increased yields due to other micronutrients was significantly, except slow-release noticed. Nutritional sprays to fertilizer (CRF) as K source. A mitigate the effects of moisture combined rate of 200 kg/ha P205 and stress did not show significant K20 from the soluble sources yielded advantage. 14 g dry matter/pot (Y). The same rate of P205 added as rock phosphate 0242 RURAL, D.S., and SINGH, M. (combined with 200 kg/ha of K20 as 1982. Effect of long-term KC1) and as CRF, produced 5.1% and applications of farm yard manure and 21.4% of that yield respectively. A nitrogen. 1. Crop yields and rate of 200 kg/ha K20 added as accumulation of organic biotite and as CRF (both combined carbon.Haryana Agricultural with 200 kg/ha P205 as Na2HPO4) University Journal of Research 12(2): yielded 32.4 and 19.3%, respectively, 272-281. 16 ref. of Y. The fusion of the rock phosphate with the biotite increased A long-term experiment was the availability of phosphorus and conducted on the use of FYM and decreased that of potassium relative nitrogen on crop yields and to the P and K availability of the accumulation of organic carbon in untreated minerals. pearl millet wheat sequence. Under maximum application of FYM (740 0244 SINGH, B.P., and SINGH, M. tons) through 45 tons/ha twice a 1982. Response of graded dose of N year during 1976-77, 23.55 tons of and Zinc in hybrid pearl millet organic carbon was retained which was (Pennisetum airicanrm).Indian about 3.18% of the added organic Journal of Agricultural Research carbon. When low amount of organic 16(3): 173-177. 10 ref. matter (15 tons FYM/ha) was added higher percentage (upto 7.10%) was One hundred and seventeen field retained as organic carbon in the experiments were conducted on soil. Winter application under all cultivators' fields in Sonepet and doses left more organic carbon in the Rohtak districts of Haryana (India) soil than summer application. Yield to study the responses of graded dose of wheat and pearl millet increased of N and zinc in hybrid pearl millet with increasing doses of FYM and HB-3 with 60 kg each of P205 and K20. nitrogen. Pearl millet response to There was considerable response to FYM at 15 tons/ha was highest (30.8 applied N upto 80 kg/ha in pearl kg grain/ton FYM) without nitrogen millet. Application of 25 kg which decreased to 13.5 kg at 45 ZnSO4/ha also responded and the tons/ha FYM and with 120 kg N/ha, the magnitude of response was higher in responses further decreased to 14.7 soils having slightly higher soluble and 5.9 kg grain/ton FYM at 15 and 45 salts. tons FYM/ha, respectively. The best combination was 15 tons FYM and 120 0245 SINGH, B.P., SINGH, M., and kg N/ha. CHAHAL, R.S. 1982. Response of N, P and K fertilization under optimum and

59 the crops. K60 + Zn) applied to both conditions in bajra too, balanced constraint doses At low fertilizer level crop sequence.Haryana (N60 P30 K30 + Zn) wheat of dose of nutrients University Journal superior to all the nutrients AgriculturalResearch 12(4): 577-582. 8 ref. proved combinations comprising 120 kg per hectare. conducted on nutrients Fertilizer trials were fields to study the SINGR, N. 1982. cultivators' 0247 SINGH, M., and economics of pearl of wheat responses and Comparative response crop sequence to applied pearl millet millet wheat (Triticum aestivum) and fertilization under to zinc N, P and K (Pennisetum typhoides) The grain yield 90 In irrigated conditions. fertilizers on two soils.Page wheat increased meet the of pearl millet and soil resources to doses and Managing Twelfth with increasing fertilizer challenges to mankind: of pearl millet (24.13 of Soil highest yield International Congress (51.94 q/ha) was 1982, New q/ha) and wheat Science, 8-16 February K60 treatment 6 Delhi, with N120 P60 India, v. . New obtained millet Delhi, to each crop. Pearl Society of Soil Science. applied to N India:Indian crop responded economically crop gave (Abstract). only, whereas wheat P both. and response for N and response of wheat economic any Comparative was not observed in sulfate, zinc Response to K pearl milet to zinc Under fertilizer zinc ammonium of the crop. phosphate, zinc oxide, kg N/ha to pearl superphosphate constraints 60 phosphate and zincated N alongwith 30 kg sand and millet and 60 kg studied in Balsamand for wheat was was Balsamand each of P205 and K20/ha fine loam soils. In among the Ladwa most remunerative Zn fertilizers increased found The sand all treatments tested. and straw yield fertilizer P wheat grain of response to applied over control. Zinc magnitude in significantly higher when applied and zincated was many folds ammonium phosphate The response to the highest rabi than kharif. superphosphate gave of P was higher results were direct applicaton response. Similar response. millet. Zinc than the residual obtained with pearl inferior source sulphate proved an M., CRAHAL, In Ladwa fine 0246 SINGH, B.P., SINGH, for the two crops. SETHI, B.C. 1982. significantly B.S., and loam all fertilizers hybrid pearl millet yield of wheat Responses of increased the grain L. K. Schum) at par among (Pennisetum americanum over control, but were aestivum L.) to except and wheat (Triticum In pearl millet, at themselves. sources balanced fertilization oxide, other zinc fields.Haryana zinc in cultivators' in nearly equal increase Journal of resulted in Agricultural University yield. Zinc concentration 10 ref. grain Balsamand Research 12(3): 427-432. grain harvested from wheat by zinc sand increased significantly experiments with zinc uptake Seventy seven fertilization, although millet (Pennisetum the soils. hybrid pearl increased from both 96 experimedts with was observed americanum) and Highest uptake of zinc conducted at applied wheat crop were zincated superphosphate district, from millet fields in Jind fine loam. In pearl cultivators impact to Ladwa affect (India) to study the sources did not Haryana, under various zinc of balanced fertilization concentration but significantly The highest zinc conditions. the zinc uptake. irrigated (26.12 modified yield of pearl millet grain was and of wheat (53.52 q/ha) M., SINGH, A.P., q/ha) and and 0248 SINGH, of with the highest S.B. 1982. Effect obtained (N120 P60 MITTAL, balanced dose of nutrients

60 long-term fertilization and cropping of this continuous cropping sequence on the potassium supplying capacity on the soil is also discussed. of soils.Plant and Soil 65: 375-382. 15 ref. 0250 SONI, P.N., and MUKHERJEE, A.K. 1982. Phosphorus fertilisation Soil samples from a long term field in a crop sequence.Fertiliser Ne-:s experiment, to study the K depletion 27(3): 41-43. 1 ref. pattern, under pearl millet wheat rotation, were analysed for K. The The long term experiments were values of supply parameters pK- I/2p conducted under the All India (Ca+Mg) and free energy were Coordinated Agronomic Experiments calculated using the data on water Scheme, to study direct, residual and soluble and exchangeable cations. cumulative effects of P, K and FYM on Correlation coefficient values the yield of HYV of cereals under a betweev pK-l/2p (Ca+Mg) vs. total K fixed two crop sequence. Data for removed, K removal by pearl millet in these experiments were analysed for 1980 and soil available potassium five research centres including were positive and statistically Bichpuri (Uttar Pradesh) and Hissar significant. This indicated that (Haryana) for pearl millet - wheat these soils have reached the stage sequence. The results favour where they would start responding to phosphate application to only one potassium application. Also, crop in sequence in view of economic negative but significant correlation considerations, that too, to wheat of free energy with pK - 1/2p (Ca+Mg) crop. and available K, were found. Free energy values were positive indicating the affinity of such soils for K and the values, for K Farming Systems fertilized plots were lower in comparison to plots where no K was applied. pK - 1/2p (Ca+Mg) parameter 0251 ANJENEYULU, V.R., SINGH, S.P., was found to be a better measure of K and PAL, M. 1982. Effect of availability over free energy due to competition free period and technique either fixation of K or greater and pattern of pearl millet planting contribution of non-exchangeable K on growth and yield of mung bean and fraction towards plants utilized K. total productivity in solid pearl millet and pearl millet/mung bean 0249 SINGH, R.K., and DE, R. 1982. intercropping system.Indian Journal Long-term effect of N and P of Agronomy 27(3): 219-226. 7 ref. fertilization on a pearl millet wheat cropping system.Fertilizer Research Field experiments consisting of 3(2): 127-139. 14 ref. eight treatment combinations of time, technique and pattern of pearl The results of an eight year study millet, planting in sole pearl millet on long term effect of N and P and pearl millet+mung bean systems application in a pearl millet - wheat were conducted in dryland in 1976 and sequence in India are reported. 1977. The results on grocth and yield There was little or no residual of mung bean and total productivity effect of N on any of the crops. postulated that mung bean yield was Pearl millet needed 70-80 kg N/ha and increased by 31 and 41 per cent by 14 wheat required 120 kg N/ha every year days competition free period (CFP) for optimum grain yield. While 13 and 63 per cent by 28 days CFP in the and 19 kg P/ha every year was two years compared with no CFP. considered optimum for pearl millet Nodulation was maximum in no CFP and and wheat respectively. The effect declerated with increase in CFP

61 amount and duration of rainfall in a duration. The yield of mung bean was region. The efficient crops and depressed by 32 per cent in 1976 and varieties imparting yield stability, 23 per cent in 1977 due to and crop management practices like transplanting of pearl millet optimal sowing time, plant population compared with its direct seeding. etc. have been identified. Most Treble-row planting of pearl millet productive intercropping and sequence enhanced mung bean yield by 13 and 16 cropping systems have been found out per cent in 1976 and 1977 over paired for various regions, where feasible, row planting. Time and technique of increase the cropping intensity. millet planting influenced to pearl Based on a decade's research on total productivity but planting dryland crop production, the suitable pattern had no marked cifect. crops and cropping systems are recommended for the entire dryland ANJENEYULU, V.R., SINGH, S.P., 0252 of the country. For raising M. 1982. Effect of time, regions and PAL, plateau of crops, advanced and pattern of pearl millet yield technique breeding materials of cereals, planting on its growth and yield in pulses, oilseeds, fibre and other sole and intercropping system.Indian crops are evaluated under rainfed Journal of Agronomy 27(3): 211-218. conditions by the cooperating centres. 5 ref. G., consisting of 8 0254 BORSE, R.H., HARINARAYANA, Field experiments K.K. 1982. Effect of combinations of time, and JADHAV, treatment row arrangement on yield of and pattern of Pennisetum spatial technique millet and intercrop.MILWAI sowing in sole and pearl typhoides Newsletter 1: 3-4. intercropping with mung bean systems were conducted at New Delhi (India) The pearl millet grain yield was dryland conditions in 1976 and under significantly influenced by any Cropping systems did not not 1977. row proportion of main or growth ai'd yield. Maximum spatial influence However, grain yield of of 30.1 and 24.0 q/ha were intercrops. yields intercrops were significantly in 1976 and 1977 with first all obtained by different spatial row decreased by 57 and influenced sowing date which 3:3, 3:2, 1:2 and 43 kg/ha/day due to arrangements. 36, and 140 of pearl millet and delay in sowing in the proportions 14 and 28 days produced significantly On second date, green gram two years. yield of green gram than enhanced yield by 31 higher grain transplanting rest of the proportions. 3:2, 2:3, and 29 per cent, compared with direct 3:3 and 1:3 were the best in case of seeding. Planting patterns did not pearl millet, cowpea (grain) and show marked influence on growth and green gram cowpea fodder respectively yield of pearl millet. were as far as grain yieldi; concerned. 3:2, 2:2, a-ad 1:2 0253 BALASUBRAMANIAN, V., RAO, D.G., proportions gave more LER. In case RAO, C.H. 1982. Crops and and soild plantings pearl millet systems for drylands.Pages of cropping produced significantly the highest 26-47 In A decade of dryland grain yield than cowpea. agricultursl research in India * yderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 1971-80. BORSE, R.H., HARINARAYANA, G., India Coordinated Research 0255 India:All JADHAV, K.K. 1982. Intercropping for Dryland Agriculture. 5 and Project cum planting system with pearl ref. millet.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 3. The duration of crops and varieties patterns and crop The effect of planting have been matched with the of pearl the intercropping on the yield growing season as determined by

62 millet and red gram, and research in Iniia 1971-80. compatibility of pearl millet and red Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India:All gram genotypes in intercropping were India Coordinated Research Project studied. The grain yield of MBH 118 for Dryland Agriculture. 1 ref. was significantly (17.30 q/ha) more than that of ICMS 7705 (11.72 q/ha). Research efforts in the seventies Similarly paired row planting (16.2 towards bridging the gap of green and q/ha) significantly gave more grain iry fodder production and requirement yield than alternate row planting have been reviewed. The production (12.75 q/ha). Exactly reverse potentials under different habitat results i.e. alternate row planting with respect to cultivated legumes (9.98 q/ha) significantly produced and cereal fodder crops viz., more grain yield over paired row sorghum, pearl millet and maize along planting (7.01 q/ha) in red gram. BD with pasture species have been 11 red gram variety was significantly highlighted. The studies on superior (11.07 q/ha) over T-21 (5.92 intercropping of grain as well as q/ha). The studies revealed that MBH pasture legumes in association with 118 grown in alternate rows with red sorghum and pearl millet has revealed gram BDN-l seems to be the best productive pasture mixtures and crop combination to maximise the combination suitable for different production. habitats. The role of pasture legumes for higher cereal grain and fodder 0256 BOTSWANA:MINISTRY OF yields he. been demonstrated with a AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL new farming system on dryland. RESEARCH. 1982. Cropping on witchweed infested land.Pages 136-146 In 0258 DESAI, S.N., and BHOI, P.G. Evaluation of Farming Systems and 1982. Assessment of production Agricutlural Implements Project potential of food and forage under report, 6:1981-82. Gaborone, agro-forestry system.Journal of Botswana:Ministry of Agriculture. 6 Maharashtra Agricultural Universities ref. 7(1): 33-36. 33 ref.

Four six row wide plots were An experiment to evaluate planted to millet and four to sorgium production potential of food and following which three interrow spaces forage in one-system was conducted of each plot were planted with a during the year 1978 and 1979. The legume on farmers' fields with a results indicate a possibility of known history of infestation by producing both food and forage Striga asiatica and Alec:ra vogelii. profitably in an integrated system From the data recorded, it was using Dashrath at wider row spacing apparent that farmers gained a of 2.0 meter and double considerable advantage from planting inter-cropping with Bajra-wheat for striga infested pcrtions of their grain production. This systmu lands to millet rather than sorghum. produced maximum monetary returns. With the legumes under test the situation was not clear, further 0259 GREGORY, P.J., and REDDY, M.S. season trials were needed to examine 1982. Root growth in an intercrop of the response of various legumes under pearl millet/groundnut.Field Crops infested conditions during a more Research 5: 241-252. 18 ref. favourable rainfall pattern. Monocropped millet produced a 0257 DAS, R.B., and REDDY, N.y. longer root length per unit ground 1982. Forages and pasture research in area than monocropped groundnut (3500 dryland agriculture.Pages 61-73 In A sq mm compared with 2500 sq mm) and decade of dryland agricultural also rooted deeper (90 cm compared

63 132 pp. root India:ICRISAT The distributuio of two with 70 cm). differed for the length also 63 projects and molocrops while the intercrop Describes experiments scheduled for 1982-83 by appeared intermediate both in total Research Progrf. the Farming Systems pearl mi.le and in its distribution. experiments on length trenches The of asde in crop micro climatolog'/ Observations the include row greater length of pearl millet moe.eling confirmed the the pearl millet, system compared with nutriert/weed millet root experiments, and that roots in alfisol, growth groundnut and indicated interaction in and groundnut in pearl millet/ adjacent rows of millet resource use study were mixing mid-way interccopping, in the intercrop pigeonpea/ groundnut season. This efficiency of N through the growing and fate and root interaction a millet/groundnut suggests that fertilizer in may occur during between crops intercrop on an alfisol. is unlikely, intercropping; it was a major factor 1982. Farming however, that this 0262 ICRISAT. increased yields In Annual contributing to the systems.Pages 217-284 Patancheru, Andhra measured in this experiment. report 1981. Pradesh, India:ICRISAT. and GOSSEYL, P. 0260 HULET, H., 1981 agronomic 1981 Results from the the work done duing 1982. cowpeas Describes Research residual effects of Farming Systems studies: on the at the is sinensis (L.) Savi) ICRISAT. Information (Vigna millet Program, soil cultivation of agroclimatology, subsequent given under and (Burm.) Staff chemistry, land (Pennisetum typhoides fertility and of different farm power and and Hubbard): effects water management, interplanted systems, weed of cowpeas equipment, cropping proportions Bamako, collaborative with millet.(Fr). science, and on-farm Livestock Centre relating to Mali:International research. The studies Semi-arid Zones response of for Africa, Arid and pearl millet include 66 pp. (Programme to moisture stress, Programme. pearl millet in Nr. kZ 71). (Summary:En). of millet Document fertilization plant millet/groundnut intercropping, out in 1981 millet/groundnut The experiments carried populations in proportions of and genotype relating to different to intercropping, and 45 per cent) and cowpea (0, 15, 30 evaluation for millet/groundnut are described, hills of millet sorghum/millet intercropping. association were Different types of pure stands, Intercropping tried including JONES, V.L. 1982. sown on the 0263 at various and cowpea millet and soybeans inter-cropping experiments pearl rates, and as millet. The spacings, seeding same hill order to row thesis, for 3 years in patterns.Ph.D, will continue and cropping at the advantages of Illinois establish University i1l of different densities Illinois, USA. disadvantages Residual Urbani-Champaign, and types of association. fixation will PP. effects of nitrogen 3.s Methodology C.L., and MRETA, also be studied. 0264 KESWANI, phenological and of intercropping described and R.A.D. 1982. Effect and analyses are mildew on quantitative results of powdry In ongreen the severitygram.Pages 110-114 provided. the proceedings of Intercropping: in 1982. Farming Systems on Intercropping 0261 ICRISAT. and Second Symposium 1980, Program: projects Areas, 4-7 August Research plans Semi-Arid (eds. C.L. experimental Morogoro, Tanzania Andhra Pradesh, 1982-83.Patancheru,

64 Kesvei and B.J. Ndunguru). Ottawa, as the irrigated crops. Canada:International Development Research Centre. 24 ref. 0267 MALLA, M.L., and SAYRE, K.D. 1982. Cropping pattern testing in Experiments were conducted to Nepal.College, Laguna, investigte the severity of powddry Philippines:International Rice mildew on green gram when Research Institute. 33 pp. 5 ref. intercropped with sorghum or bulrush millet compared with green gram in 0268 MAY, K.W. 1982. Effect of monoculture. The investigations planting schedule and intercropping showed that the severity of powdry systems on the production of green mildew on green gram was gram (Phaseolus aureus Roxb) and significantly higher under bulrush millet (Pennisetum americanum monocultrre than when green gram was (L.) Leeke).Pages 66-67 In intercropped with sorghum or bulrush Intercropping: proceedings of the millet. Second Symposium on Intercropping in Semi-Arid Areas, 4-7 August 1980, 0265 MAKENA, M.M., and DOTO, A.L. Morogoro, Tanzania (eds. C.L. Keswani 1982. Soybean-cereal intercropping and B.J. Ndunguru). Ottawa, and its implications in soybean Canada:International Development breeding.Pages 84-90 In Research Centre. (Abstract). Intercropping: proceedings of the Second Symposium on Intercropping in A 2-year (1977 and 1978) experiment Semi-Arid Areas, 4-7 August 1980, at Morogoro (Tanzania) compared Morogoro, Tanzania (eds. C.L. Keswani mixtures of PennisetuT americanum and and B.J. Ndunguru). Ottawa, green gram in additive and Canada:International Development replacement intercropping systems as Research Centre. 7 ref. well as under four planting schedules. Results showed that green To understand the nature and gram planted 1-2 weeks before bulrush magnitude of variety x cropping millet in either intercropping system system (V X C) interaction in increased the proportion of legume soybeans, data from a series of grain in the harvest and provided a experiments on four cropping systems complementary protein energy balance (monoculture, intercropped with for a cereal legume diet. The maize, bulrush millet and sorghum) relative yield total of the grain were analysed, and are presented and harvest was sensitive to the discussed in relation to soybean different intercropping systems breeding. (additive=l.02 and replacement=l.44), but not to the different planting 0266 MALIK, D.S. 1982. Recent schedules. Green gram plants were research yields arid zone more competitive than bulrush millet promise.Intensive Agriculture 20(4): plants at the seedling stage, but 8-12. were over-powered in later growth stages. Replacement intercropping The data from three centres of All with green-gram planted 1-2 weeks India Coordinated Research Project before the cereal combined a yield for Dryland Agriculture located dt advantage over the monoculture with Hisar (Haryana), Jodhpur (Rajasthan) the desired nutritional balance. and Dantiwada (Gujarat) representing the driest regions of the country, 0269 MAY, K.W. 1982. Effects of are presented to illustrate the fact planting schedule and intercropping that dryland soils and crops raised on green gram (Phaseolus aur2us) and on them with improved technology can bulrush millet (Pennisetum be as productive and as remunerative americanum) in Tanzania.Experimental

65 Research Centre. 11 ref. Agriculture 18: 149-156. 13 ref. The experiment was conducted at Experiments in Tanzania have shown Morogoro (Tanzania) with maize cv. that green gram planted one week 17, a MAS, bulrus millet cv Serere before bulrush millet produced sorghum cv 9D X 99 soybean cv 11/192 complimentary protein energy balance to find diet. and green gram local variety optimal for a cereal-legume cereal legume due to out the best Grain yields were increased effectively and combinations that evolved additive intercropping (by 13%) showed (27%). smother weeds. The results replacement intercropping was superior to plants were more that intercropping Green gram in terms of smothering than bulrush millet monocropping competitive weeds. Bulrush millet (Pennisetum at the seedling stage but were plants americanum) under monoculture or when overpowered in later growth stages. the intercropped with legumes was best crop for supressing weed growth MAY, K.W., and MISANGU, F. 0270 and miinimizing grain yield reduction Genotype evaluations and 1982. due to weed competition. implications for adapting plant for intercropping.Pages vistas material 0272 MURTHY, K.K. 1982. New 79-83 In Intercropping: proceedings on in dryland fnrming.Intensive of the Second Symposium 4-7 Agriculture 20(5): 5-1i. Intercropping in Semi-Arid Areas, Morogoro, Tanzania August 1980, the major findings of Keswani and B.J. Reports (eds. C.L. India Coordinated Research Ottawa, Canada: the All Ndunguru). for Dryland Agriculture. Development Research Project International Presents information on soil and Centre. 7 ref. moisture conservation, compartment scooping, contour 20 sesame and 9 bunding and Twenty green-gram, and interculivation, were grown in 4 tillage, sowing sunflower genotypes and bedding systems, (monoculture and ridge and furrow cropping systems and development, crops with maize, bulrush land levelling intercropped management practices, during 1977 in and crop millet and sorghum) intensity, water showed the cropping Tanzania. Results recycling, and the cropping harvesting, differences among Suggests the cropping among the genotypes of watersheds. systems and for aberrant weather and evaluated. The strategies each crop needed to derive full benefit among the genotypes steps differences a normal season. Eleusine intercropping system did from within each Pennisetum americanum and any specific genotype coracana, not indicate italics are reported to be suited to a particular Setaria which was more suited crops to this that separate breeding better environment, agroclimatic conditions. programmes for each intercropping environment were warranted. WILLEY, 0273 NATARAJAN, M., and R.W. 1982. Effects of moisture MUGABE, N.R., SINJE,M.E., and. and 0271 availability on intercropping K.P. 1982. A study of In SIBUGA, yield advantages.Pages 71-72 competition in of the crop/weed Intercropping: proceedings 96-101 In in intercropping.Pages second Symposium on intercropping proceedings of the 1980, Intercropping: Semi-Arid Areas, 4-7 August on Intercropping in C.L. Second Symposium Morogoro, Tanzania (eds. Areas, 4-7 August 1980, Seui-Arids Keswani and B.J. Ndunguru). Ottawa, Tanzania (eds. C.L. Keswani Morogore, Canada: International Development B.J. Ndunguru). Ottawa, and Research Centre. (Abstract). Canada:International Development

66 gave higher yields than planting Three experiments involving soybean at the same time as the groundnut, millet and sorghum were cereal. The earlier planting carried out on alfisols with a water schedule resulted in the highest holding capacity of 100,-m in the 90 yield of soybean. The highest grain cm profile. Results of these yields for experiments millet and maize were showed that intercropping achieved by gives planting soybean one week relative advantages under later. For the conditions of moisture 3 crops considered, stress but the highest economic returns little or none under were no-stress achieved by intercropping maize with conditions. It was also evident that soybean, particularly when the the effects of moisture stress are soybean was very complex sown 2 weeks before the and vary with crop maize. Similar results combination and were obtained row arrangement in the case of millet/soybean within a combination. intercrops. 0274 NIGERIA:INSTITUTE FOR 0276 NWASIKE, C., BAKER, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH. E.F.I., 1982. Cropping and EGHAREVBA, P.N. 1982. Systems Progra me.Pages The 49-53 In potential for improving millet Annual report of the Institute for (Penrisetum typhoides (Burm.) Agricultural Research Stapf 1980/81. and Hubb) in farming systems of the Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello semi-arid areas University. 8 ref. of Nigeria.Agriculture and Environment 7: 15-21. 17 ref. The work done by Cropping Systems Programme of Institute for The importance uf milet to small Agricultural Research (Nigeria) farmers of the semi-arid areas of during 1980/81 is described. Nigeria is described. The Information is presented on particular farming system of these fertilizer use in crop mixtures, farmers, desiring very early grain relay cropping of maize and cowpea, harvest and long-stemmed varieties crop geometry, the Gicci system of for building material, which has intercropping, weed control, and developed a methodology of water use rotations of crops. Millet was for early, erratic rainfall is also studied as a companion crop. described. This farming system is such as to 0275 NNKO, E.N., and preclude yield improvement DOTO, A.L. by standard agronomic techniques. 1982. Intercropping maize or millet Attention is drawn to the essential with soybean with particular need for understanding such farming reference to planning schedule.Pages systems before undertaking 33-36 In Intercropping: research. proceedings An alternative approach to improving of the second Symposium on millet by breeding for pest and Intercropping in Semi-Arid Areas, disease resistance, reduced plant 4-7 August 1980, Morogoro, Tanzania bulk, and improved grain protein (eds. C.L. Keswani and B.J. quality, such that the varieties Ndunguru). Ottawa, so Canada: produced can be easily absorbed into International Development Research the farming system, is proposed. Centre. 11 ref. 0277 NYAMBO, An experiment was conducted D.B., MATIMATI, T., at KOMBA, A.L., and JANA, R.K. 1982. Morogoro (Tanzania) to study the Influence of plant combinations and effect of varying soybean planting planting configurations on schedule on soybean, three maize and cereals (maize, sorghum, millet) millet, and total intercrop yields. intercropped with two legumes Planting soybean before the cereal (soybean, green gram).Pages 56-62 In

67 of of Moldavia the method proceedings of the of the Intercropping:second Symposium on Intercropping in agricultural evaluation and the 4-7 August 1980, climate, theof possibilityobtainment the second Morogoro,Semi-Arid Areas,Tanzania (eds. C.L. efficiency yield of millet grain, buck wheat, and Keswani and B.J. Ndunguru). Ottawa, maturing soya varieties Development early Vestnik Canada: International corn.(Ru). 7 ref. 5: 68-76. Research Centre. Sel'skokhozyajstvennoj nauki effect of combining and VERMA, B.S. To study the 0280 RAJPUT, O.P., in different components of various crops 1982. Yield and yield or configurations on as arrangements summer mung bean vigna-radiata cereal (maize, seeding dates and yield, each affected by sultivars growth was intercropped phosphate sorghum, millet) and rates of legumes (green gram, 5(l): with each of the fertilization.Legume Research different spacings. soybean) at 8-12. revealed that intercropping Results with an 4 was superior to monocropping field experiment, comprising of 5%-61%. A 22 and increase in productivity of seeding (April 8, 15, led to yield dates S-8 and Though intercropping 3 varieties (Type 1. for both crops 29), reductions per hectare Baisakhi) and 3 phosphorus and 7-37% for Puss was (33%-82% for legumes (0, 25 and 50 kg P205/ha) combined yiels levels seasons of cereals) but the conducted during summer yields except 1977 in exceeded the monocrop 1975, 1976 and yields in both maize cropping in the cereal Wheat-mungbean-pearl millet the green gram Baisakhi associations and system. The variety Pusa sorghum and millet more than combinations of yielded 6 and 25 per cent in alternate rows of (pooled when planted S-8 and Type 1, respectively and in paired rows Seed yield cereal and legume over three years). on April 15, in legumes. recorded with crop sown and 42.3 was on an average 7.6, 15.4 Estimated mean performed 0278 PIERI, C. 1982. cent more over sowings minerals in a per loss of water and April 22, 8 and 29, respectively. sequence (1979 on mungbean millet groundnut crop economic returns, the to the For 30 kg to 1981).Report of mission be fertilized with 16 pp. crop may to Bambey, Senegal. 26 + However, with regard P205/ha. may rate of fertilization groundnut varieties, Type 1981 when millet and and 43 kg P205/ha for In the same be 18, 30 grown side by side in and Pusa Baisekhi, were losses 1, S-8 field on the Bambey station, N = 0.3 and respectively. due to lixiviation were 0.8 and 54.1 kg/ha. REDDY, Y.V.R., 25.1 kg/ha, CaO = 0281 RASTOGI, B.K., behaviour of these Economic The complementary and ANNAMALAI, V. 1982. with regard to the of dry farming two crops the dimensions of resources from 181-198 In A decade utilization that the technology.Pages in physical environment implies agricultural research groundnut of dryland Andhra of millet and 1971-80. Hyderabad, alternation leguminous India (or other comparable India:AII India Coordinated (rotation) Pradesh, Dryland species) not only in time Project for in space Research but also possibly is of extreme Agriculture. (associated crop) gaps between The existence of large research levels obtained at 1982. The yield and at 0279 POGREBNYAK, A.P. in demonstration plots grain yield farms, of obtention of the second fields is an indication in the Sough farmers' on the irrigated lands

68 unrealised production potential of conditions of moisture the newly stress but the developed farm technology improved efficiency for drylands. Exploitation of light use of such could make an important contribution production potential by adopting new to yield under nitrogen stress. technology depends on both bio-physical and economic factors. 0283 REDDY, N.V., atd Among the latter, the relative HIAMPAIAH, R. 1982. Alternate land use in dryland profitability of new technology is agriculture.Pages 74-89 In A decade the decisive factor for of dryland agricultural research in recommendation and adoption. The new India 1971-80. Hyderabad, Andhra technology raises the cost outlay on Pradesh, India:All India Coordinated an average by Rs.330/- per hectare. Research Project for Dryland The corresponding additional prof;;. Agriculture. 8 ref. per hectare is Rs.585/-. In spite of attractive profit margin, the Marginal lands not suitable for adoption of technology has not been crop production are being brought impressive owing to the inability of under cultivation and consequently the farmers to meet the additional animal feed and fuel wood are capital requirements and the risk becoming deficit. For utilising the factor. As a result, those land, based on land use capability, components of new technology pasture production, agroforestry and requiring less cash outlay, such as farm forestry systems are suggested the use of improved seeds, are more on economic and environnental widely adopted than the components considerations. The pasture, demanding higher cash outlay. silvi-pastoral and agro-forestry systems were found to 0282 REDDY, M.S., and WILLEY, R.W. be more economical than growing field crops 1982. The relative importance of alone. Pearl millet grown after stylo above - and below ground resource use pastures gave significantly higher in determining yield advantages in grain yield. The yields of pearl pearl millet/groundnut millet, castor and sorghum also intercropping.Pages 70-71 In increased in association with Intercropping: proceedings of the Leucaena tree. Suitable tree, Second Symposium on Intercropping in grass/legume (forage) species and Semi-Arid Areas, 4-7 August 1980, crops for different regions of India Morogoro, Tanzania (eds. C.L. are listed. Keswani and B.J. Ndunguru). Ottawa, Canada: International Development 0284 SINGH, J.P. 1982. Residual Research Centre. (Summary). effect of bajra with varying sowing dates, plant Experiments were carried population and nitrogen out at doses on succeeding wheat.Indian ICRISAT from 1978-80 to study the Journal of Agricultural Research growth patterns and rtsource use of 16(2): 71-74. 5 ref. pearl millet/groundnut combination to gain an understanding of the factors Sowing of pearl millet on 15th July that enable intercropping to achieve and 18th August gave 20.6% and 37.2% yield advantages over monocropping. higher wheat yield and 21.7% and All treatments were grown in 30 cm 38.9% increase in straw yield over rows in 1 millet row: 3 groundnut that sown on 30th June. The maximum rows arrangement. It was observed plant population of pearl millet crop that improved efficiency of light use gave the lowest yield of wheat and it occured in this combination and it increased with decrease in plant could be an important determinant of population of pearl millet. An the yield advantage. The light increase in grain yield of wheat was factor was less involved under noticed with increased nitrogen

69 is prsenateon roflfan application to pearl millet. Wheat Information grain yield increased by 13.1%, 29.2% moisture conservation, run-off and 42.2% with 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha reduction, selection of suitable over control. imilarly, an increase crop, cropping systems, deep tillage, organic matter which was crop management, in straw yield was recorded over recycling, response to fertilizers, 16.9%, 38.9% and 58.7% higher and water harvesting and recycling. control. Nitrogen uptake by wheat southern by Eleusine coracana for was maximum when it was preceded italicas and With Karnataka and Setaria RayalaSeema pearl millet sown on August 1. pearl Pennisetum americanum for decrease in plant population of and Telangana regions are suggested millet, N uptake by wheat increased, with as more remunerative crops. Similarly, uptake of N increased p ied ii sarin upte of nt r en a VAN STAVEREN, 0287 STOOP, W.A., and in doses of nitrogen appli j.P. 1982. Effect of cowpeas toncreasing pearl millet. on subsequent crop cereal rotations in Farming systems semiarid conditions SINGH, R. 1982. yields under In 0285 and on-farm 653-657fixta.Pages components Upper fixation IndiaICRISAT. 18 pp. Andhra4 ref. Pradesh, Biological nitrogen research.Patancheru, tropical agriculture: technology for 9-13 at a workshop, papers presented of on-farm Colombia (eds. The need and relevance March 1981, Cali, for bringing S.C. Harris). Cali, research was recognised P.H. Graham and de the research Internacional refinements in Colombia:Centro and to identify Tropical. requirements of Agricultura in the adoption constraints improved is grown on components of Faso millet different of In Burkina upper on the' results dry plateau and technology. Based the relatively and conducted during sorghum research slope soils, whereas the on-farm Aurepally wetter lower in 3 villages viz. are planted on the 1978-82 Shirapur maize rotated and lanzara and Cowpeas are (A.P.), was slopes. When India, it with each cereal. (Maharashtra), were intercropped the farmers without fertilization concluded that sorghum 225, the critical inputs yields were convinced about followed cowpea, upper, high yielding kg/ha more on technology i.e. 410, and 330 of and fertiliser lower slopes, varieties of crops middle, and bed and furrow than when sorghum use. Since broad respectively, in the shallow Yields of millet did not work followed millet. system soil the cultivar of of soils, an alternative affected by both group needs to were and its management system used in the rotation and water of cowpea of plowing Data on the effect density. Time be developed. planting prior of improved the benefits from different components also affected of sorghum, cowpea. technology on yields cropping with are tabulated. millet and maize B.R. R.K., and iEGDE, 0286 SINGH, for the Weed Control 1982. New cropping patterns eeds and soils.Intensive semi-arid red Agriculture 20(6): 7-11. D.N. R.P., and SEN, 0288 BANSAL, weed are suggested for of arid zone Cropping patterns 1982. Effect of Rayalaseema on growth semi-arid areas Trichodesma sedgwickianum the Pradesh) and bajra and till Telangana (Andhra and yield of and where red of Botany 50): Karnataka (India) crops.Indian Journal southern extensively. soilB are found 45-49. 18 ref.

70 This paper reports the effects of and other crops are also discussed. association and buried dry biomass I. of a rainy season weed, Trichodesma 0291 HUSSAIN, F., and ILAHI, study on sedgwickianum on the selected 1982. Some preliminary by growth parameters of two crops, interference exhibited A. Pennisetum typhoideum and Sesamum Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) 14: indicum. Association with the weed Camus.Pakistan Journal of Botany had harmful effects on the two crops. 16. (Abstract). A decrease of 29 arid 42% in yield of Pennisetum typhoideum and S. indicum Pot and field studies showed that of respectively was noted. The effect B. pertusa inhibited the growth of buried biomass was also toxic and associated species. Root exudates, crop yield was reduced by 8 and 46% leachates and extracts inhibited respectively, germination and growth of Pennisetum americanum, Setaria italica, Brassica 0289 BENSON, J.M. 1982. Weeds in campestris and Cenchrus ciliaris. tropical crops:review of abstracts on Aqueous extracts, rain and fog drips constraints in production caused by and litter were also phytotoxic. weeds in maize, rice, sorghum-millet, Aboveground parts were more toxic groundnuts and cassava 1952-80.Rome, than roots. Italy:FAO. 68 pp. (FAO Plant Production and Protection Papers, 32 0292 HUSSAIN, F., NAQVI, H.H., and suppl.1). ILAHI, I. 1982. Interference exhibited by Cenchrus ciliaris L. and This review deals with: (a) yield Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. loss (and consequently, loss of Camus.Bulletin of the Torrey revenue); (b) additional production Botanical Club 109(4): 513-523. 32 costs made necessary by weeds ref. (resulting in loss of profit); (c) reduction in quality. Detailed Cenchrus ciliaris and Bothriochloa attention is paid to: duration of pertusa individually grown with competition; plant density and Chrysopogon aucheri, Hyparrhenia competition; competition for rufa, Bothriochloa pertusa, Cenchrus nutrients, moisture and light; ciliaris, Panicum antidotale, Setaria plasticity of yield components and italica and Pennisetum americanum in crop morphology; allelopathy; and various combinations, mutually comparison of weed control methods. suppressed each other's growth in root mixed treatments. Both the 0290 FRIESEN, G.H., and KORWAR, grasses exhibited auto-interference. G.R. 1982. Weed management for The growth and number of various wild dryland crops.Pages 153-167 In A species appearing simultaneously or decade of dryland agricultural subsequently in pots and field plots research in India 1971-80. which previously either had and/or Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India:All were still under Cenchrus ciliaris were India Coordinated Research Project and Bothriochloa pertusa cover, for Dryland Agriculture. 10 ref. both significantly decreased. The growth was inhibited through roots had The significant developments and since shoot separated treatments findings of the comprehensive weed no effect on growth of associated research program within the All India species. The observed suppressed Co-ordinated Research Project for growth and density of the species Dryland Agriculture over the past one under similar physical environments decade are discussed. The results of suggested the presence of a research on the chemical control of bio-chemical inhibition mechanism weeds ii pearl millet, finger millet which probably is assisted by

71 showed higher mineral for the physical factors introduction competition contents than the crop plants. The the environment, of root exudates from the young weed decreased dry weight of the W.B. 1982. Evaluation of plants 0293 NDAHI, crop plants more than that from the glyphosate and paraquat as mature weed plants. substitutes for seedbed preparation by tillage in a hoe farming and 0295 PANWAR, R.S., MALIK, R.K., system.Tropical Pest Management BHAN, V.m. 1982. Studies on the 10-13. 4 ref. 28(1): competitive value of kharif crops.Page 20 In Abstracts of papers, Test were made in sorghum and Annual Conference of Indian Society fields in northern Nigeria to millet of Weed Science, 1982. evaluate glyphosate and paraquat as for seedbed preparation substitutes Grain yield of pearl millet with 1 tillage. These chemicals were by hand weeding at 30 days after sowing applied at rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 was 41.5 to 49.4% higher than without kg a.i./ha, in the period betwieen weed control during a 2 year study. weed and cror emergence. All except 0.5 kg a.i./ha of treatments 0296 SHARMA, K.D., SIDANA, K.L., paraquat gave acceptable yields. and SINGHVI, N.R. 1982. Allelochemic Glyphosate applied at a rate of 0.5 effect of Peganum harmala Linn. on a.i./ha of paraquat at 1.0 or 2.0 L. kg Pennisetum typhoideum kg a.i./ha, gave rise to similar crop (Bajra).Indian Journal )f Botany yields. Sorghum grain yield after 59(2): 115-119. treatment with 1.0 kg a.i./ha of glyphosate was not significantly Peganum harmala exhibit relatively different from that obtained in bare area around the plant. The hoe-tilled fields. The addition of aqueous extract of air dried root, 0.5 kg a.i./ha of atrazine to some stem, leaves and seeds of fresh plant treatments did not result in improved as well as of one year old plant yield or weed control. crop tested on germination and growth of Pennisetum typhoideum indicated the 0294 PANDYA, S.M., and VYAS, K.G. presence of active allelochemic 1982. Competition between Celosia substances in al the parts. argentea L. and pearl millet.Journal Chromatographic study conducted Indian Botanical Society 61: of revealed that the nature of the 161-168. 26 ref. allelochemics changes with the time elapsed. Chemical analysis revealed Interspecific competition between that possibly the allelochemic the weed-Celosia argentea and pearl substance may be alkaloid in nature. milet - Pennisetum typhoides was the weed into studied by introducing A.N., RATHI, K.S., and simultaneously, early 0297 TIWARI, the crop plots 1982. Investigation on crop sowing. Effect SINGH, D.P. and late of the through chemicals and from the weed plants weed management of root exudates in bajra (Pennisetum ages on seedlings of the intercropping 31 of different typhoides) grown for fodder.Page plants was also studied. The crop In Abstracts of papers, Annual and yield of the crop plants biomass Conference on Indian Society of Weed were decreased by the weed plants. Science, 1982. The weed plants that were introduced early showed depressing effect on the in late Reports a field investigation crop growth, while the summer, 1982. were sandy loam soil during introduced weed plants satisfactory The The results indicated suppressed by the crop plants. control of Trianthema monogyna Linn. weed plants under the three types of

72 rotundus L. by 2,4-D and Cyperus Harvesting and Equipment resulting in an increase of 100 q/ha over weedy or 39% in fodder yield application of check. Pre-emergence BANSAL, R.K., and THIERSTEIN, controlled weeds, except 0299 atrazine 1982. Design and development of rotundus and gave fodder G.E. Cyperus - cum fertilizer drill for to that obtained under a planter yields similar crops.Presented at the XIX treatment. Inclusion of dryland 2,4-D Annual Convention of Indian Society Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Agricultural Engineers, 15-17 weed smothering crop in of as a February 1982, University of Udaipur, intercropping resulted in weed Rajasthan, India. 19 pp. suppression and also showed Udaipur, 17 ref. beneficial effect on fodder yield of Bajra to the extent of 51 q/ha or 20% Describes the design of a 4-row over unweeded check alongwith 40 q/ha drawn planter-cum-fertilizer yield of cowpea fodder. animal bonus attachment to an animal drawn Preplanting treatment of Basalin drill tool carrier developed at the an alternative to one hand wheeled appeared The planter is based on an weeding. ICRISAT. inclined plate metering mechanism and is designed for sowing a large range 0298 UMRANI, N.K., and BHOI, P.G. sizes, plant population and 1982. Studies on weed control in of seed dryland row to row spacings. The planter bajra under extensively of Maharashtra metering mechanism was conditions.Journal and was given Universities 7(2): tested on a test bench Agricultural field testing in sowing 145-147. 7 ref. limited maize, pearl millet, pigeonpea, chickpea, mung, castor and Weed control studies with chemicals sorghum, The fertilizer drill was like 2,4-D and atrazine in Pennisetum groundnut. used for two years for americanum were conducted under successfully di-ammonium phosphate, conditions at Solapur (India) applying dryland phosphate and urea. during 1975 and 1976. There was ammonium normal rainfall in 1976 and high BOTSWANA:MINISTRY OF rainfall in 1975. It was observed 0300 DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL that atrazine controlled weeds, as AGRICULTURE, 1982. Agricultural from the weed count and dry RESEARCH. revealed 22-45 In Evaluation matter, to nearly 90%. 2,4-D, engineering.Pages Farming Systems and Agricultural however, controlled the weeds to the of Project report, 6:1981-82. extent of 36 to 76%. On an average, Implements Botswana:Ministry of weed control due to hand weeding and Gaborone, atrazine spray increased the yield Agriculture. Whereas, 2,4-D more than double. 1981-82 in yield by nearly The progress made during application increased engineering at 1.0 kg a.i./ha the field of agricultural 40%. Atrazine machinery had adverse effect on particularly agricultural concentration is described. and fodder production during and implements grain were field tested using the wet year of rainfall. In Implements fertilizers and seeds of general, atrazine at 0.5 kg a.i./ha different millet, peanuts, level was equally effective to that sorghum, pearl r, cowpeas etc. of hand weeding. sunflow 0301 BOTSWANA:MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH. 1982. Countrywide testing of Sebele planters.Pages 46-56 In

73 fo so valuation of Farming Systems and retgions gricultural Implements Project Pennisetum typhoides was Gaborone, investigated. The number of fungal eport, 6:1981-82. lower in species wa6 generally in standing Botswana:Ministry of Agriculture. harvested plants than population plants whereas the fungal developed under the trend. The The planters exhibited the reverse to farmers cellulose, project were distributed amino acids, sugars, of the country for compoT.ents in various parts hemicellulose and lignin crops planted using vertical testing. The of the roots in different maize, millet, and a planters were sorghum, were assessed achieved by regions between and legumes. Mean yields was established recorded. correlation by region were factors and fungal crop and the the above modification of sets of plants. Suggestions for succession in the 2 planter and plough decomposed Sebele standard all the depths Roots in the set where aerial are made. earlier than planter and no were left intact parts the were detected in phytotoxins standing harvested set against the Pathology acid and one where vanillic acids were 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic General during March and chromatographed content The pH and moisture April. with exhibited poor correlation B.C. 1982. Green 302 GOVINDU, succession. Deuteromycetes on plant fungal isolated in its impact and few Phycomycetes were Irevolution: special reference to aud diseases with the beginning, Deuteromycetes and millets.Indian 2nd phase and cereals few Ascomycetes in the 35(30): 363-375. 40 with Mycelia Phytopathology Deuteromycetes along ref. sterilia in the 3rd phase. some aspects of the VERMA, O.P., Deals with 0304 YATARIA, P.K., of high yielding Management of important diseases and PATHAK, V.N. 1982. wheat, maize, chemical varieties of rice, millet smut with and finger pearl and sorghum, pearl millet, Journal of Mycology on pearl sprays.Indian 118. millet. In the section Pathology 12): (Claviceps Plant it describes ergot millet mildew (Abstract). fusiformis), downy and smut at (Sclerospora graminicola) Of 18 chemicals appliedtwice penicillariae) stages viz., (Tolyposporium each of the three growth Blast (Pyricularia ear stage diseases. boot stage, fully emerged lelminthosporiose, lowest smut setariae), and stigma bifed stage, wilt (Sclerotium were recorded foot-rot or incidence and severity (Melanopsichium sprayed rolfsii), smut Baytan (0.2 per cent) as important in grain eleusinis) are described plots which also gave maximum of finger millet. strong diseases There was a yield. of between stage on interaction R.S. 1982. Studies for disease 0303 KANAUJIA, application and chemical of root surface well as grain certain aspects incidence, severity as Effect of that the fungi. III. yield which indicates Mycologica 18(1): behaviour harvesting.Acta had differential whenchemicals applied at different growth 45-60. 41 ref. of stages. The effect of harvesting the succession survey of aboveground parts on MEHMOOD, T. 1982. A and distal 0305 of fungi on crown, middle

74 hosts of this plurivoroU fungi. fungal diseases of pearl millet bajra rainfed (Pennisetum typhoides) in SUNDARAM, N.V. 1982. Pathology conditions.Pakistan Journal of Botany 0309 report 1981: ICRISAT/UNDP 14(spl. issue): 24. research West Africa Cooperative Programme Nigeria.Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, 0306 REDDY, M.A., and LAKSHMI, India:ICRISAT. 34 pp. K.V.J. 1982. Disinestation of and Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn. fifth and last report of Pennisetum typhoides (Burma. F) Stapf This programme at Samaru and Hubb. seeds by hot water pathology is divided into 3 major treatment.Geobios 9(5/6): 277-278. 4 (Nigeria) pearl millet, general ref. parts viz. disease evaluation, and sorghum. downy Hot water treatment (15 min at 50 Results of international and ergot nurseries deg C) largely controlled seedborne mildew, smut, the year are fungi of Eleusine coracana without conducted during reducing seed germination but at 60 described. deg germiration was greatly reduced. MATHUR, S.B., The treatment was less effective on 0310 TBAKUR, D.P., of P. typhoides. and KANDHARI, J. 1982. Evaluation improved local cultivars of pearl in Haryana 0307 SHETTY, H.S., MATHUR, S.B., millet for major diseases Farms 8(4): 25-26. NEERGAARD, P., and SAFEEULLA, K.M. and Delhi.Seeds and 1982. Drechslera setariae in Indian to pearl millet seeds, its seed-borne Studies were undertaken of nature, transmission and determine the genetic potentiality to significance.Transactions of British local cultivars and their reaction diseases Mycological Society 78(1): 170-173. downy mildew, ergot and smut in the 5 ref. alongwith rust appearance pearl millet area of Haryana and None of Observations made in the fields of adjoining villages of Delhi. was Mysore (India) after sowing heavily the improved local varieties diseases. infected seed samples of HB-3, NHB-3, found free from any of the of downy 23A, local Kalu Kombu, and HB-4, and However, the overall extent less on less infected seed samples of many mildew incidence was far Mainpuri cultivars showed that pearl millet Mahalgaon, Tolaja and commercial seeds and seedlings were damaged varieties than on NHB 3 or Tolaja extensively by Drechslera setariae hybrid BJ-104. Mainpuri ard than during humid and cool weather (24 deg contracted less ergot incidence of rust C average day temperature). Symptoms NHB-3 or BJ-104. Incidence to be appeared in the form of seed rot, in all local varieties seemed NBH-3. It is damping-off, seedling blight and leaf comparable to BJ-104 or of spots. suggested that cultivation selected local; like Mahalgaon, should 0308 SIVANESAN, A., and HOLLIDAY, Mainpuri, Takali and Tolaja against P. 1982. Cochliobolus geniculatis.CMI be encouraged as safeguard Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and major disease. Bacteria 73: 727. 0311 VUONG, H.H. 1982. Millet and Presents a brief description of sorghum phytopathology.Bamako, pathogenic fungi, Cochliobolus Mali:Ministere de l'Agriculture, np. geniculatus, its hosts, disease Institut Economie Rurale. 22 caused, physiologic specialization varietal and transmission. Pearl millet had Trial results for (Sclerospora also been reported as one of the resistance to mildew

75 WILLIAMS, R.J., SING, S.D., raminicol) in millet (ennseum typhoideula) showed that the attack and TRAnUR, R.P. 192. Sou pro was less severe, and the varieties disease resistance in pearl the All India 210 and OMM 297 were millet.Presented at 0MM0imune. 119, Variety0MM OMM 225 was more Coordinated Millets Improvement 26-28 April 1982, variety Project Workshop, susceptible than the control India. 34 504 Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 3/4 M9 (which only produced 10 ref. 6 varieties pp. kg/ha). Four of the 297 and OMIMi tested viz., 0MM 305, OMM 119 showed iMunity to Tolyposporium Principles of resistance acreening, penicillariae- All the varieties definitions of resistance and of susceptibility) and summaries tested were attacked by Claviceps with downy 297 was several years trials microcephala. Variety 0MM mildew, ergot, smut, and rust are more suscetible than the 3/4 M9 number and 0MM 225 was shown presented. The greatest conttol. Variety most effective sources of resistance to be igh-yielding, smut-resistant found in African germplasm and moderately susceptible to mildew were the central region sorghum particularly from and ergot. Trial results for are presented that of West Africa. Results grain disinfection showed the feasibility of + 25% thiram) indicating thioral (25% heptachlor levels of resistance benlate + 10% building-uP in and Granox (10% gave good through recurrent selection captafol + 20% carbofuran) initially susceptible populations. emergence and satisfactory yield, the most to ergot has been Resistance develop but lines are L., and difficult to 0312 VUONG, H.H., TIGANA, high level of in now available with a TRAORE, M. 1982. Some diseases resistance in India, combined millet and sorghum during the 1981-82 ergot geason.Page 3 In Commission technique with resistance to downy mildew and smut. vivrieres et R.K.S., and AGNIHOTRI, des prodcutions de 0314 YADAV, Mali:MiflistereDefense des cleagineuses.Cultures. Bamako, Cellule Variation in growth and Institut Economie 3J.p. 1982. lAgriculture, in five strains of ur e Isporulation r Pyricularia penniseti on different Rurale. p and similar culture media, The presence of bacterium Journal of and a tempeoatures.ndian to Pseudomonas rubrilineans Pathology 12(1): genus, Mycology and Plant bacterium from the Xanthomonas X. 1-5. 14 ref. relatively similar to was observed in the Fvricunafia annamalaiensis, Five strhins of r ieasid isolatings of Pennisetum typhoides. from diseased by a penniseti collected Zoned leaf spot disease caused showed material of pearl millet growth was also obselved, by marked differences in their media. GloeocercosporaLeaf bacterial disease was caused and sporulation on different Xanthomonas holicicola in sorghum. on Maximum growth was observed Pseudomonas andropogoni, responsible a Ramakrishnans medium but it proved for bacterial streak disease was very poor source for sporulation. identified in an unnamed variety of Maximum sporulation was supported by sorghum. Fungal infections that vitamin medium in glucose asparagine Strains, though remained benign included Ramulispora and all the strains. the best being sorghi, Gloeocercospora sorghi Sever Jiffered in pH optima; Relminthosporium turcicum. (5.5-6.4). smut in acidic medium attack of elongate sorghum allowing was also Temperature range Tolyposporium enerbergii was much narrower than osre wsporulation the range for growth. The optium observed.

76 for different strains varied from 25-28 deg c. Downy mildew

0317 ANDREWS, D.J., and KUMAR, A. Rust 1982. Induction of downy mildew resistance in pearl millet male-sterile Tift 23d2.Mutation 0315 HANNA, W.W., WELLS, H.D., and Breeding Newsletter 20: 1-3. 1 ref. BURTON, G.W. 1982. Transfer of disease immunity from a wild Dry seed of Tift 23d2B was treated subspecies to pearl millet.Agronomy with an acute dose of 30 kR Abstracts. p. 69. gamma-rays. Treated and selfed seeds of Ml generation were planted Iunnunity to rust, Puccinia "head-to-row" in the M2 generation in oubstriata and Piricularia grisea, a the downy mildew (DM) screening leaf spot, was discovered in a wild nursery of ICRISAT, India. Disease grassy Aacession of Pennisetum free plants were selfed and crossed americanur subspecies monodii from with single plants of Tift 23d2A. Senegal. Hybrids between this Backcrossing and pedigree selection accession and susceptible 'Tift 23DB' was continued in those pairs where pearl millet, P. americanum, were the male-fertile B line was vigorous immune to both diseases. Genetic and DM free. From the sixth studies indicate that rust immunity backcross generation, 3 pairs were is conditioned by one major dominant selected for multiplication in gene and that Piricularia immunity is isolation plots. The best of these conditioned by 2 oT 3 dominant genes. was named ICMmsBIA and the Six backcrosses to 'Tift 23DB' corresponding maintainer as ICMmsSIB eliminated most of the undesirable which showed a high level of characteristics of the wild P. mondii. resistance to DM in contrast to the parent line. 0316 MUTHUSAMY, S., and RAGUPATHI, N. 1982. Control of pearl millet rust 0318 BONDE, M.R. 1982. Epidemiology with fungicides.Pesticides 16(11): of downy mildew diseases of maize, 35-36. 2 ref. sorghum and pearl millet.Tropical Pest Management 28(1): 49-60. 94 ref. A field experiment was conducted to find out the efficacy of vitavax in The downy mildews of maize, sorghum different modes of applications in and pearl millet are among the most the control of pearl millet rust destructive diseases in the tropics along with standard fungicides. and subtropics. The pathogens Spraying of wettable sulphur twice causing the diseases are (800gm/acre) had recorded the lowest Peronosclerospora sorghi, P. rust incidence. The treatments heteropogoni, P. philippinensis, P. presoaking of seeds in vitavax sacchari, P. maydis and Sclerospora solution (8gm/acre) for 15 minutes graminicola. In spite of an increase before sowing and spraying vitavax in research on graminaceous downy (100gm/acre) once at 30th day were mildews during the last decade, broad found promising in the control of gaps in information still exist which pearl millet rust. prevent their adequate control. Information on seed transmission, collateral hosts as sources of inoculum and effects of environment on the conidial and oospore phases of these diseases is reviewed, and some

77 are millet. of the irmportant information gaps discussed. 0321 DANG, J.K., AHUJA, R.L., and D.P. 1982. Seed borne nature S.S., and VIRK,D.S. THAKUR, 0319 CHAHAL, downy mildew of pearl for downy mildew of 1982. Stability Journal of Mycology and milet.Indian millet.Indian reaction in pearl 105. Plant Plant Pathology 12(1): Journal of Mycology and downy mildew Pathology 12(1): 102. (Abstract). Association of graminicola) pearl pathogen (Sclerospora Twenty-five genotypes of of with the seed to serve as a source millet were tested for their reaction primary infection was established. downy mildew (Sclerospora to Seeds collected from partially graminicola) disease at ten locations were found sick infected ear heads over two years, in downy mildew Such contaminated with oospores. plot under artificial epiphytotic seeds gave rise to about 5% infected to identify gen~types conditions, when sown in sterilised soil. resistance against plants, possessing stable embryo extraction mildew With the help of this disease. The downy for technique and histopathological incidence scores were analysed sections of infected seeds, mycelium environmental interactions genotype x pathogen was observed in based on the of the and stability pericarp and scutlelum regression analysis. endosperm, multilocational No mycelium was observed in possessing a un*t layer. The genotypes Such seeds when sown ixi low deviations and embryo. regression with gave rise to some identified sterilised soil, low incidence score were symptoms. the plants with downy mildew and their exploitation in breeding programme will be discussed. Down 0322 HARINARAYANA, G. 1982. bajra.Indian D.P. with downy mildew of 0320 DANG, J.K., and THAKUR, downy Farming 32(1): 25-26. 1982. Chemical control of by mildew of pearl millet cau';ed of downy sick Describes the severity Sclerospora graminicola in of and mildew (Sclerospora graminicola) plot.Indian Journal of Mycology pearl millet. Discusses the control Plant Pathology 12(1): 12P. measures under varietal management, and disease viz., input management, Among four fungicides that complete propamocarb management. Concludes metalaxyl, phosetyl-Al, be possible but against elimination may not and curzate testod ini vitro mildew it will pay to keep the downy germination inhibition of the sporangial of pearl millet low through graminicola, curzate was and Sclerospora adoption of resistant hybrids the most inhibitory. When found to be rotation of cultivars tested in sick varieties, these fungicides were in time roguing, foilar mixtures, seeding plot, as seed treatment or miniimum and thining, and transplanting, spray only metalaxyl-25 fertilization and the use of systemic metalaxyl-35 were found effective, also fungicides. Metalaxyl seed treatment over check. improved the yield 1982. Breeding once 0323 LOUVEL, D. Metplaxyl-25 foliar spray used for disease 38 days millet (Pennisetum) at 20 days or twice at 20 and Senegal:Centre in least resistance.Bambey, of plant growth, resulted Agronomiques. Seed National de Recherches disease at harvest time. or two 10 pp. treatment followed by one was sprays of metalaxyl (25 g a.e./l) is not in The present review found to be most effective a critical pearl exhaustive but rather controlling downy mildew of

78 examination and revolves around four reproduction. The isolates were used major themes: 1) Inoculation - singly and in all paired combinations Propagation of the disease, 2) Scale to inoculate seedlings of a highly of assessment, 3) Genetic structure downy mildew (DM) susceptible pearl of the S. graminicola population, 4) millet Screening for resistance, cultivar. Mature oospores were observed in seedlings inoculated with certain specific pairs 0324 MAYEE, C.D., and SIRASKAR, of isolates. Inoculation with single R.D. 1982. Relationship between downy isolates usually mildew did not result in evaluation parameter and pearl oospore production. millet productivity.Current The abundance of Science oospores varied, but large numbers 51(20): 992-993. 5 ref. of oospores were found in seedlings that Downy mildew susceptible had shown little or no asexual hybrid, sporulation, nor extensive chlorosis. HB-3 was grown in 12 blocks with 2000 The six isolates were subc.-cux suspects per block. Oospcric individually for four asexual material was Incorporated into eich generations, and no oospores were plot at the i e of 10 co 25 g/100 detected in any of the sq.m. Protect.- rows of maize plants were infected with five of the isolates. planted around the plots to obstruct These results demonstrate movement of sporangia the and to raise existence of heterothallism the humidity in S. within the plots. The graminicola. The parameters quantified consequences of were percentage heterothallism to incidence 30 days after pathogenic planting and variability and to breeding percentage infection for index calculated resistance are discussed. from severity ratings. Disease incidence in various blocks ranged 0326 RAMESH, C.R., and from 24.4 to 98.1% SAFEEULIA, while the K.M. 1982. Viability and infectivity intnsity varied from 18.1 to 75.1%. of zoospores of Sclerospora Near perfect negative correlation graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet in existed between incidence the and grain soil.Proceedings of the yield,and intensity and grain Indian yield. Academy of Science (Plant Science) While high positive correlation 91(4): 303-308. 16 ref. occurred between incidence and straw yield, and intensity and grain yield. An attempt was made to study It was clear from the analysis the that fate of sporangia of Sclerospora with every 10% increase of disease graminicola deposited in incidence, the the soil. A grain yield loss was technique was 1.07 q/ha while standardised to with every 10% demonstrate the germination increase in intensity, of grain yield sporangia and the viability reduced by 1.48 q/ha. and infectivity of zoospores in the soil under laboratory 0325 MICHELMO0E, R.W., PAWAR, M.N., conditions. It was observed that, the sporangia can and WILLIAMS, R.J. 1982. germinate in the soil and liberate Heterothallism in Sclerospora zoospores. graminicola.Phytopathology The zoospores can move 72: against gravity, remain 1368-1372. 25 ref. viable and infective for 5 hrs in the soil. Six isolates Survival of zoospores in the soil of Sclerospora indicated that, they may graminicola were established serve as a and potential secondary source of maintained in plants of a susceptible inoculum through soil under field pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) conditions. cultivar. Sporangia were originally collected from field grown plants 0327 SHETTY, H.S., and SAFEEULIA, that showed no evidence of sexual K.M. 1982. Effect of metalaxyl seed

79 the adaxial side than on treatment on seedling emergence and deposited on of the leaves. downy mildew incidence in pearl the abaxial side was more at millet.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 3. Deposition of sporangia the tip irrespective of the surface analysed. Water Seed treatment at 1 and 2 gm or of the leaf being the whorls of the ml/kg with the three new formulations collected from plants contained of metalaxyl namely Aron 350 FW-A-64, apparently healthy they were infective. Ridomil plus 48 WP-A6336 A, Rodomil sporangia and plant may spark an 1Z 72 WP-A 6430 A did not affect A single diseased plants are in a seedling emergence. But seed epidemic if the and the environment treatment at higher rates i.e. 4, 6 susceptible stage and disease spreads and 8 g or ml/kg adversely affected is favourable direction of the the seedl;'3 emergence and was mainly in the significantly less than in check as prevailing wind. seed treatment at 1 and 2 well as in S.L. The three new 0329 WALLER, J.M., and BALL, g or ml/kg. between pear] formulations were effective in 1982. Interactions and Sclerospora controlling the downy mildew millet varieties isolates.Pages 433-437 In incidence with no significant graminicola in crops (eds. F. differences in different rates of Durable resistance Waller and N.A. van application. Seed treatment alone Lamberti, J.M. York, USA:Plenum will not control downy mildew der Graaf). New (NATO Advanced Study incidence as the main shoot and nodal Press. 7 ref. Series A, Life tillers showed some systemic Institute Series, infection after 30 days. This needs Scienes, 55). further attention as the oospore of Sclerospora inoculum produced on these plants Five isolates tested on eight will become dangerous. graminicola were potentially differential cultivars of determine whether 0328 SUBRAMANYA, S., SAFEEULLA, pearl millet to and Asia showed K.M., SHETTY, U.S., an- KUMAR, R.U. isolates from Africa difference 1982. Importance of spc a in the significant There were significant epidemiology of dowL mildew of pathogenicity. isolates and millet.Proceedings of the differences between pearl and slight Indian National Science Academy Part between cultivars rank order of the B 48(6): 824-833. 25 ref. difference in cultivars with different inoct-um only were there Soil-borne oospores of Sclerospora sources. Not in pathogenicity between graminicola can induce systemic downy differences African isolates, but mildew disease in pearl millet plants the Indian and differences occurred as early as 9th day after sowing. substantial from the same area Sporangia produced from these plants between isolates host sourceL. Two initiate secondary infection in the but from different reaction to infection field. Average daily mean types of host (i) much leaf concentration of sporangia during the was observed stunting and chiorosis season was 22.66/sq cm. On rainy distortion, little sporulation, days, more snorangia were trapped and with relatively effect on leaf morphology the concentration varied directly (ii) little sporulation. with the amount of rainfall. As the but heavy crop matured, sporangial density in the air and the disease incidence in the field reduced. Sporangia were Ergot deposited more on the leaves of 20-days-old than 40-days-old plants. ET Higher number of sporangia was 0330 FRANCE:GROUPE DE RECHERCHES

80 DIECHANGES TECHNOLOGIQUES . 1982. only a 1.38% dry matter loss in the Separating ergot (Claviceps whole grain during the 78-day Iicrocephala) from bajra (Pennisetum incubation period. The population typhoides) in India: technical data increased significantly more in the sheets.(Fr). Data Sheet 657: 3. cracked treatment than in the whole and 10% cracked grain, while large Two types of separators are numbers were produced in the millet proposed: one with a belt and the flour. other with an oscillating table. (Ergot of millet is not a problem in 0333 SHARMA, O.P., and CHAUHAN, Africa). K.S. 1982. Phenomena of infection in ergot disease of pearl millet.Current 0331 KAZI, S.K., and VENKATARAMAN, Science 51(20): 994-995. 9 ref. S. 1982. Influence of weather conditions on the incidence of ergot The sclerotia of Claviceps of bajra in Gujarat: a preliminary fusiformis wau scattered on the soil study.Mausam 33(2): 255-258. 3 ref. surface of a pearl millet field (Summary:Hindi). immediately after harvest. During the next season two plots of 5 X 3 ft, The meteorological conditions well isolated from each other were predisposing for an outbreak of the sown with HB3 variety of pearl 'Ergot disedse of bajra' are millet. At flowering stage waxed examined. Heavy precipitation with slides were attached with the stem of afternoon relative humidity about 80 plants at 18, 36, 52 and 72 inches per cent followed by a clearing of from ground level. Slides were weather favours the initiation and removed after 12, 24, and 36 hours. full expression of the disease. The slides picked up after different intervals were found to have trapped 0332 MEAGHER, R.L. JR., REED, C., conidia of C. fusiformis alongwith and MILLS, R.B. 1982. Development of other pathogenic and non-pathogenic Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium forms of fungi. No other infection castaneum in whole, cracked, and was traceable even in adjacent ground pearl millet.Journal of the fields. This observation suggests Kansas Entomological Society 55(1): that conidia play an equally 91-94. 5 ref. important role in the incitation of primary infection alongwith the rare Rates of population growth of sclerotia which orn germination Sitophilus zeamaiz and Tribolium produce oospores. castaneum on whole and processed forms of pearl millet, and loss 0334 SHARMA, R.K., VERMA, O.P., and in dry weight of the millet were PATHAK, V.N. 1982. Management of determined. The forms were whole pearl millet ergot with fungicides grain; 10% ciac .ed, 90% whole grain; and insecticides.Indian Journal of cracked grain; and millet flour. The Mycology and Plant Pathology 12(1): population of S. zeamais increased 109. (Abstract). rapidly in the whole and 10% cracked grain treatments, causing a mean loss All the 31 fungicides sprayed at in dry weight of 8.2 and 7.2%, the time of inoculation, and 12 hours respectively, in 76 days. Few after inoculation caused significant progeny were produced in the cracked reduction in ergot severity. treatment, and in millet flour all Aureofungin (50 ppm) was effective adult weevils died within 2-3 weeks. when applied only at the first stage. The population of T. castaneum Cuman L (1500 ppm), and ridomil (500 increased slowly in the whole and ppm) were most effective in reducing cracked grain treatments, causing ergot severity. All the 18

81 sverit tore ing a m r go (each at 0u0 PPs) a n.. n insecticides stages caused screening techlqu sprayed at both had a mean ergot severity sjgnif2cant reduction to disease population applicationseverity irrespective of stage of of less than 20%, but when individual except endrin and nuvan inflorescencen that bad little or no which were effective when applied ergot were selected at each selfed seed for only at the first stage. Dimecron, generstion to provide ekalu, chlorodane, malathion, the next generation, resistance levels increased steadily. At F6, 27 diazinon and parathion were most no more than 1% mean in reducing ergot severity of 98 lines had 29 F6 ergot severity, an additional eerities of r o had e emean i ~ ergot sev tie 0335 TRAYKUR,in rR.P., d c n RAO,r V.P., and lines effective susceptible WILLIAIUS, R.J. 1982. Report of the between 2 and I0%, and This 1981 International Pearl Millet ergot checks showed 76-95% severity.factors is Nursery (IP 4EN).Patancherear Andhra assembly of resistance indicatie of the rich genetic Pradesh, india:ICRISAT. 27 PP. diverity in the pearl millet (ICRISAT Pearl Millet Pathology gerplam collection and ofcthe Progress Report, 67). potential for selecting increased characters by The 29 entry 1982 International levels of certain and selection (IPMEN) appropriate screening Pearl Millet Ergot Nursery was tested at i0 locations in India techniques and 2 locations in Nigeria. Although CHAT ) RCEAHA, . no entry as ergot free at all 0337 VIRK, D.S., M. SING, N.B., and SRIVASTAVA, five entrieB developed at to locations, 1982. Inheritance of resistance Centre (ICMPF F7 lines, ICRISAT ergot of pearl millet.MILWA 134-6-11, 134-6-41, 134-6-34 134-6-9, Newsletter 1: 3. 134-6-25) were highly resistant andat all Indian locations with an average damage of not more than 2%. All eossib.re one way F1 crosses Another 8 lines showed average 10% aong eight inbred lines were studied earheads for ergot averity. The compared to 41% on the trial and scored for ergot damagecheck ICR 220. In Nigeria, only one were bagged There was significance ceck ICMPE 34-1-10 had average ergot severityinoculation. under artifa <20% at two locations severitiescompared to of 50% on the trial check of additive genetic variance for which could be exploitee ICr 220. It was concluded that resistance resistance identified at ICRISAT by electing for general combining Center could be effective at other abilitY. The significant difference! Indian locations but not so effective for specific combining ability wer mainly attrib"itable to unidirectiona at n and Sauaru in Nigeria. non-additive effects. It follow procedures vii 0336 ThAKUF, R.P., WILLIAMS, R.J., that simple breeding and RAO, V.P. 1982. WeIelopmnt of be ineffective for incorporatir ergot controll to ergot in pearl resistance against resistance by polygenes, rislet.PhytptholegY 72: 406-408.

10 ref. Twenty pearl millet cultivars, Virus Diseases identified from more than 4,000 F' . germplasm accessions as relatively D0IA V. to ergot, were IEE. less susceptible 038 0Rd Of end KRYLOV, A.V. 1982. Host pla these crossesandwerethe screened progeniesfor ergot interi~~~~ad of cereal mos from F2 ad the morphologY resistance at each generation 8'1, virue.(Ru). Biologicheskie Nauki 80 ref. (Summaries:En, Es). 22-29. (Moscow) 2: Gives an account of research on biological control in Sudan Sahelian Africa and Madagascar by the member Nematode Diseases Institutes of GERDAT. The importance of basic research and the technology required to make even a limited 0339 RITTER, M. 1982. Importance of experimental action of biological cereal cyst nematodes.(Fr). EPPO control operational is highlited. Bulletin 12(4): 307-316. 116 ref. Operations at GERDAT and (Summaries:En, Ru). possibilities, and choices in the field of biological control are The main species involved is described. Heterodera avenae, which is found more and more widely in all countries 0342 FAO. 1982. Report of the in which ecceals have been grown for Eleventh Session of the FAO/UNEP long periods. The species is Panel of Experts on Integrated Pest extremely polymorphic. Damage is Control,5-10 Mhrch 1982, Kuala very variable, according to region, Lampur, Malaysia. Rome, Italy:FAO. but can reach 50% in serious cases. 34 pp. Wheat and barely are most affected. Maize is attacked very irregularly This report of integrated pest according to the country concerned, control in agriculture includes Damage may be enhanced by reviews of integrated pest control simultaneous fungal infections. A tactics for rice (including pest number of other Heterodera species surveillance, plant resistance and have been isolated in the last ten biological, cultural and chemical years, of which H. mani seems to have control) and a cooperative global no economic importance but H. programme for the development and hordecalis in Northern Europe and H. application of integrated pest latipons in the Mediterranean zone control in cotton, rice and sorghum should not be overlooked since they and millet. The recommendatio,'s can replace H. avenae on resistant included in the report are summarised. cereals. Several other Heterodera spp. attack rice and millet in Africa. 0343 GAHUKAR, R.T. 1982. Entomology programme of cereals and leguminous plants: Laboratory Nioro-du-Rip (Senegal).(Fr). Bambey, Entomology Senegal:Centro National de Recherches Agronomiques. 9 pp. General 0344 JOTWANI, M.G., and KISHORE, P. 1982. Insect pest problems on 0340 APPERT, J., and DEUSE, J. millets: progress and strategies for 1982. Pests of food crops in tropical eighties.Seeds and Farms 8(1-2): areas.(Fr). Paris, France:Agence de 15-19. 1 ref. Cooperation Culturelle et Technique. 420 pp. (Technique Agricoles et Describes the work accompolished on Productions Tropicales, 31). insect pest under the All India Coordinated Millets Improvement 0341 BRENIERE, J. 1982. Biological Project. The important pests of control at GERDAT. Results millets recorded at various locations Orientation Sahelian problems.(Fr). in India, are mentioned. Future Agronomie Tropicale 37(2): 176-184. strategies are outlined with the

83 H. armigera on the eareads. pest feeding earheads on integrated in a severe from on emphasis complete appeared 1980. techniques. A sown on June 24, management their of the crop insect pests with list of the SIARRMA, R.C., and DAVIES, J.C. • inIdi sgie.0347 scientific names, recorded on millets 1982. Studies on pearl millet in India is given. work report of DHAMDHERE, insects: Pradesh, KAPOOR, K.N., and Andhra 0345 on pearl 19 80-82.Patancheru, (ICRISAT 1982. Annual report 82 pp. s.V. 1981-82. India:ICRISAT. Report, entomology Entomology Progress millet College of Sorghum Department of Entomology, 7). Krishi Vishwa Agriculture, J.N. Gwalior.Presented of the Vidyalaya Campus, Presents an account Coordinated Millets Center to at the All India observations at ICRISAT Workshop, 26-28 pests of pearl Improvement Project identify important Tamil Nadu, 1980-82. Information April 1982, Coimbatore, during a 1millet is presented on insect pest India. 12 pp. to date of incidence, its relation of 4 research behaviour of a Presents an account biology and 1981-82. sowing, pests, and conducted during important insect experiments and few to insect include (a) ixtidence susceptibility These by insect genetic of damage caused in pearl millet. extent screening pests to pearl millet (b) pests yield J.C., bajra lines in advanced SHARMA, H.C., DAVIES, of .'ue to 0348 of for relative damage J. 1982. Bibliography trials (c) and ARORA, pests of insect pests, and non-insect animal major millet insect Andhra of pearl 1914-80.Patancheru, susceptibililty and millets and to Trogoderma granaria, India:ICRISAT, Sorghum varieties formulations Pradesh, 54 pp. efficacy of dust Information Center. (d) infesting Millets against rice grasshopper 406 ref. pearl millet.

K.N., DHAMDHERE, S.V., 0346 KAPOOR, Borers SINGH, O.P., and MISRA, U.S. 1982. of insect pests Population dynamics northern Madhya of pearl mil]ez in Journal of Plant S.M. 1982. Chilo Pradesh.Indian 0349 BONZI, 9 ref. J. de Joannis Protection 9(l): 69-73. diffusilineus a stem borer (Lepidoptera Pyralidae): feeding on pearl rainfed cereals The insect pests of irrigated and during kharif, Agronomie millet were monitored crops in Upper Volta.(Fr). Grey weevil 207-209. 6 ref. 1980 at Gwalior. Tropicale 37(2): undecimpustulatus (Myllocerus beetle (Summary:En). Desb.), flea maculosus and which belgaumensis Fabr.) stem borer of grasses, (Longitarsus banian The Joannis (Hieroglyphus described by J. de grasshopper the was first Diatraea found feeding on and then called Fabr.) were in 1922 Chilo of the crop before and now tender leaves diffusilinea for and stem borer been often and emergence diffusilineus has earhead damaged the with C. partellus Swin.) long time confused (Chilo a borer of pod borer (Heliothis the main stem stem. Gram bug zacconius, Hub), gandhi West Africa. Prospections armigera rice in Burkina Fabr.), since 1978 in (Leptocorisa varicornis carried out varE4color that this lepidopter flower beetle (Oxycetonia Faso showed bug kLygus attacked rice but Fabr) and lygaeid Pyralidae crambinae were observed militarius Fabr.)

84 also sorghum, Pennisetum millet and the 352 varieties exhibited between 0 maize, which are the staple food in and 5% attack and Ningali (Cmm 159) this country. Although C. was the least attacked. During the diffusilineus is not a major pest, it second year, 12 of the 24 varieties can be seen from the data collected and 3 experimental varieties from that it is not a major pest, it can ICRISAT, Senegal, were tested under be seen from the data collected that the same conditions as in the it is not an occassional pest and preceding year. The results must now be listed as a lepidopterous confirmed the tolerance of Ningali stem borer of cereal crops in Burkina (Cmm 159) to Acigona ignefusalis. Faso. 0352 LIU, Y., and CHENG, H. 1982. 0350 BURTON, R.L., STARKS, K.J., The geographical distribution and and WEBSTER, J.A. 1982. Corn, sorghum control of millet borer, Chilo and millet as hosts for the infuscatella (Snellen) in Luliang southwestern corn borer.Southwestern mountainous region.(Ch). Acta Entomologist 7(0): 1-3. 5 ref. Phytophylacica Sinica 9(3): 199-203. 3 ref. (Summary:En). When corn, sorghum, and pearl millet were infested with The altitude of the Luliang southwestern corn borers, Diatraea mountainous region ranges from 700 to grandiosella (Dyar), in the more than 1400m. It was found that greenhouse, the larvae survived best damage done to the millet by the on corn. Larvae established poorly millet borer, Chilo infuscatella, on millet and intermediately on changed with the altitude, being sorghum. The weights of larvae grown severest in the range from 1100 to on sorghum were greater than those on 1300 m. Above 1500m, no incidence millet, but significantly less than was observed. There was only one those on corn. There was no generation of the borer annually. difference between field collected Winter is passed almost exclusively larvae from sorghum and millet, but in the millet stubble as mature those from corn were significantly larvae in cocoons. If there is dry larger. In the field, the larvae June, the overwintering larvae cannot established poorly on both sorghum readily pupate and incidence will be and millet. less severe. When the precipitation reached 20 mm in mid-June (which is 0351 DOUMBIA, Y.O., and SCHLEURING, quite unusual), the larvae would J.F. 1982. Assessment of small millet pupate promptly and injury to millet varieties (Pennisetum typhoides) would be severe that very year. resistant to stem borer (Acigona Based on the estimated loss and ignefusalis (Lepidopt. Pyral). economic threshold, it would not take (Fr).Pages 1-9 In Commission much pain to decide if a millet field technique des productions vivrieres needs chemical contrcl. et oleagineuses. Cellule Defense des Cultures. Bamako, Mali:Ministere de 0353 SINGH, O.P., DHAMDHERE, S.V., l'Agriculture, Institut Economie KAPOOR, K.N., MISRA, U.S., and Rurale. DEOLE, J.Y. 1982. Note on pearl millet as new host for Helioghis A study of varietal resistance was armigera Hubner in Madhya carried out for 2 years in pearl Pradesh.Indian Journal of millet in Sirakorola. 352 varieties Agricultural Sciences 52(5): 346-347. in the Malian (Cm) millet collection were initially subjected to natural The study was undertaken to assess infestation by the stem borer Acigona the nature and extent of damage ignefusalis (Lepidopt. Pyral.). 24 of caused by Heliothis armigera to

85 losses when lanted earlier. at heavier had Penisetumsown 4ale sterile sorghum (no Pollen) different periods and to find ut the relationship between the amount a higher percentage of tunnelled of damage and number of larvae plants and slightly longer tunnels, fewer heads tunnelled when feeding on the panicles. Sixty but healthy panicles of same size at compared with male fertile sorghum. milky stage were marked and in each 0355 YGFU, L., and ULLING, panicle 0,1,2,3,4,5, second-instar The geographical distribution d allowed to 1982. larvae were04 introduced feed till crop maturity- The average and control of millet borer, Chilo larval number/25 panicles and the infuscatella (Snellen) in Luliang region.(Ch). Act ranged from mountainous infestation of panicles Sinica 9(3): 199-203. and 2% to 46% in Phytophylacica 0.50% to 12.50% ref. (SummaryEn). and 0.25% to 0.75% 3 early sown crop in the late sownf and 0.1% to 20.5% damagewithdone the to panicle It was found thatcnes crop respectively- The and iusaea) (Chilo rin at the millet by borer flowering, didmilky not differ being severest infestation stage, but larval altitude of mountains, hard-grainpopulation differed significantly at in the range from 1100 to 1300 m was different stages. The number of Above 1500 m, no incidencespent winter per observed. The borer grains and weight of grains in the millet stubble as at i-5 larval densities exclusively panicale ranged between 875 to 2172 grains and mature larvae in cocoons. In dry 4.27 to 17.18 g respectively compared June, the overwintering larvae could with 2867 grains and 20.67 g/paicle not readily pupate and incidence was less severe, but the injury to millet severe when precipitation reached having no larva. was Based on 0354 STARKS, K.J., BURTON, R.L., 20 mm in mid-June. 05LS4N, R.L., and DAVIS, F.M. 1982. estimated loss and economic Southwestern corn borer: influence of threshold, chemical control is planting dates and times of recommended* pearl infestation on damage to corn, of sorghum.Journal millet, and Head Caterpillars Economic Entomology 75(1): 57-60. ref. 1982. Importance plots of corn, pearl millet, tImpr Field 0356 DOU BIA, Y.O,- 1982. were hand infested with and sorghum of head infestation by caterpillars masses of Diatraea grandiosella (Pennisetum spp, egg intyphoideum) seno duringmillet 1981 (Raghuva to study the effectsdate. ofCorn infestation had the 10-14 In time and planting had Masalia spp.)- (Fr).Pages greatest amount of damage, millet des productions an Commission technique least, and sorghum had oleagineuses. Cellule the infested vivrieres et interediate amount. Plants des cultures. Bamako, had the least defense 2 weeks after anthesis e e lAgriculture, but the earliest Mali:Miistere stalk tunnelling, Economie Rurale. time had fewer ears ofof Institut infestation Late plantings corn tunnelled- the sites v isited damage sorghum had In all corn and male fertile during the initial ten plantings. first appeared more damage than earlier September. The first of millet days of The intermediate planting always occur on wily tunnelling. infestations had the least which flowers early the least. millet (chibra) Late-planted corn yielded fields. The had and may cover 32% of the Conversely, millet and sorghum

86 degree of infestation vRries from one Angewandte Entomologie 93(5): locality to another and above all 446-452. 14 ref. (Summary:De). from one field to another. The highest level was between 35 and 45%. Tribolium castaeneum larvae were bred on millet grains in equilibrium 0357 VERCAMBRE, B. 1982. with 10,30 and 70% relative humidity Inflorescence caterpillars (Raghuva (RH) at 25,38 and 38 deg C. The app. Masalia nubila lmps. Lepid. fastest development took place at Notctuidae): major millet pests in 35-38 deg C and 70% R.H. and was the Sahelian zone.(Fr). Ph.D. similar to developmental periods thesis, Universite Paris - Sud, found with wheat feed as food. The Centre d'Orsay, France. 164 pp. 176 maximum temperature at which complete ref. development took place was 38 deg C at 70% or 30% R.H. At 30% R.H. Millet inflorescence caterpillars however, mortality was high and constitute a group of species developmental periods were belonging to two genuses: Raghuva considerably prolonged. At 35 deg C (90% of the populations; 5 species and 10% R.H. no larva reached the two of which are dominant: R. bordati adult stage. Pupal weights decreased Lap. and R. albipunctella de Joan.) at low R.H., the more so at high and Masalia (10% of the populations, temperature. At 28 deg C, low R.H. 1 species: M. nubila Hmps). The decreased adult longevity and egg different parts of the study are as production consideraily. Newly follows: (i) Millet (Pennisetum emerged larvae were able to develop typhoides) and its environment. (2) on visibly undamaged grains. At 28 The systematic position, relative deg C and 10% R.H. a larva caused a importance and recognition of mean dry weight loss to the grains of inflorescence caterpillars. 12.3 mg, at 70% R.H. this loss was (3)Bio-ecological studies of 7.9 mg. The germo of the grains were inflorescence caterpillars (4) especially attached. The results of Preliminary study of the Raghuva Opp. the experiments are discussed in diapause. (5) Economic consequences. relation to the storage of millet in Study of control methods. (6) General the Sahelian zone. conclusions. Outbreaks are rare. They are sudden and severe, followed 0359 SEIFELNASR, Y.E., HOPKINS, by an equally rapid subsidence. They T.L., and MILLS, R.B. 1982. can be explained by the concurrence Olfactory responses of adult of three factors: an unexpected Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), to drought, large areas of medium cycle volatiles of wheat and millet millet plants, and soil particularly kernels, milled fractions, and suited to the survival of chrysalises extracts.Journal of Chemical Ecology in the hypogeal phase. 8(12): 1463-1472. 14 ref.

Olfactory responses of 72- to 96 hr-old, 24-hr starved adult male, Beetles female, or mixed-sex groups of Tribolium castaneum to volatiles from wheat and millet kernels, certain 0358 ROORDA, F.A., SCHULTEN, G.G.M., milled fractions, and solvent and ANDRIESSEN, E.A.M. 1982. extracts were record.- by using a Laboratory observations on the light-sensitive apparatus. Whole development of Tribolium castaneum millet flour or fermented millet Herbst (Col., Tenebrionidae) on flour volatiles were more attractive millet at different temperatures and than those from whole millet kernels relative humidities.Zeitschrift fur or millet starch. Beetles reached

87 grains/products are A.sollers, maximum responsiveness to grain malaccensis and volatiles by 72-96 hr after adult Cheyletus species. Wheat in Groups of virgin female Glycyphagus found to harbour ar many ecdysis. generallY were more storage was beetles three as nine species from all responsive than male or mixed-seed categories of mites. groups of volatiles of substances 0362 MERTENS, A. 1982. Contribution tested. of study of on-farm storage to the in food stuffs in Burundi:changes Pests amounts of food stored and Other Insect some variability over time of for three socio-economic parameters agro ecological areas.(Fr). DEMANGE, J.M. 1982. des 0360 to the knowledge of the Bujumbura, Burundi:lnstitut Contribution du Burundi. myriapods of Senegal: Diplopoa Sciences Agronomiques and 274 pp. injurious to :rops du Museum chilopoda.(Fr). Bulle,in Based on measurements taken at 2 National d'Histoire Naturelle Section week intervals during siX growing Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie trends in the preservation A 445-453. seasons, (maize, Animales 4(3-4): of nine food products millet, peas, (Summary:En). sorghum, rice, wheat, beans) and in groundnuts, soyabeans, study of three parameters were Describes the related so, ioeconomic Se egal especiallly agro-ecological collections from studied in three eastern Senegal. purpose of the from Casamance and zones of Burundi. The mentioned are a basis for Most of the deplopoda study is to provide groundnut but policies aimed pests of potato and regional agricultural as sorghum, millet pests. other crops such at controlling storage also damaged. and cotton are etiennei which caused B.C., BRATNAGAR, V.S., Prionopetalum is 0363 SHARMA, to AJtato Studies on important damage J.C. 1982. and DAVIES, separata at ICRISAT: described. Mythimna report 1980-81.Patancheru, MATHUR, S. progress 44 MATHUR, R.B., and Pradesh, India:ICRISAT. 0361 with stored Andhra Sorghum 1982. Mites associated pp. 41 ref. (ICRISAT in Raryana, 6). grains/products Progress Report, of Acarology Entomology India.Indian Journal The biology and population 7(2): 44-52. 33 ref. of Mythimna separata was of stored grains dynamics to A limited survey and efforts were made which studied sorghum their products in Haryana, pearl millet and and millets, screen to this included some cereals, genotypes for resistance and other food presents the pulses, oilseeds pest. This report 13 species of mites sttdies carried out products yielded 4 results of these 8 families. Of these, for several years. belonging to 7 at ICRISAT Center are granivorous, species 2 are A.J., and STARKS, K.J., CASADY, predatory/parasitic Acaropsis 0364 D. saprobes. Except MERKLE, O.G., and BOOZAYA-ANGOON, scavenger 12 species of in pearl sollers, the remaining 1982. Chinch bug resistance for the first time Entomology mites are reported millet.Journal of Economic whereas 5 are new 7 ref. from Haryana, most 75(2): 337-339. from India. The records associated studies were abundant species found Field and greenhouse range of stored with the wildest

88 JALN, U., SAXENA, Y., and NAG designed to study sources of chinch 0367 Laboratory evaluation of bug resistance and to investigate the J.P. 1982. a new anticoagulant inheritance of resistance in pearl brodifacoum: Rattus millet. Based on damage ratings, 38 rodenticide against 7 ref. of 200 entries from experimental rattus.Pestology 6(3): 21-22. population MXPI(S)C2 had relatively pearl high levels of resistance. The Rattus rattus preferred wheat, barley and mechanism was probably tolerance, rillet food to food since chinch bug numbers on entries sorghum. Consumption of of poisoning. did not differ significantly. Small declined after 48 hours the type F2 populations segregated for a Time to death varied with more single dominant gene. The same gene of food offered. Females were for resistance was probably present susceptible than males. in the resistant lines, but the origin of the source is unknown since 0368 SARWAR, H.A.K , and MURTY, the original stock that was used to K.N. 1982. Destruction of pearl develop the population could not be millet nursery by sparrows Passer tested. domesticus (Linnaeus) and its avoidance.Journal of Bombay Natural 0365 VAN RENSBURG, G.D.J. 1982. History Society 79(1): 200-201. 2 Laboratory observations on the ref. biology of Cicadulina mbila (Naude) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), a vector It was observed that sparrows of maize streak disease. 2. The visited the field in small or large effect of selected host congregations and fed on the seed plants.Phytophylactica 14: 109-111. grains. They exposed with their 12 ref. (Summary:Af). beaks pre-germinated and germinated seeds and pulled out the just Cicadulina mbila females iaid sprouted seedlings before they significantly more eggs on pearl established and fed on the individual millet than on oats, maize, wheat and ripening grains. Damage to .he whole grain sorghum. More eggs are laid on nursery was enormous and rapid. the leaf-blades of host plants than Application of 10% BIIC - dust @ 12.5 on the leaf-sheaths. The maize kg/ha applied in a line along the leafhopper completed its life-cycle pearl millet rows in combinations significantly quicker on grain with careful watch and scaring with sorghum and pearl millet than on sounds made by the beating of empty wheat, maize and oats. C. mbila drums immediately after sowing prefers to feed on wheat to all the provided significant protection other host plants tested. Pearl against sparrows. millet is apparently more favourable for the developnent of C. mbila z'ian any of the other host plants, Chemical Composition Birds, Rodents and Other Noxious Animals 0369 ABDUL-HUSSAIN, S., and VARRIANO-MARSTON, E. 1982. Amylolysis of pearl millet starch and its 0366 ADVANI, R. 1982. Rodent fractions by pearl millet infestation patterns in the cereal alpha-amylase.Cereal Chemistry 59(5): crops in the Indian 351-355. 26 ref. desert.Saeuget~ierk un Dliche Mitteilungen 36(4): 302-306, Alpha-amylase was isolated from germinated pearl millet and purified

89 of to 33.16 per cent 33.51the total and 30.7protein respectively giona o rresulted s eciicomplexi.) in byformation. by glycogenamylae Germinatio in specific 120-fold increase S., 0371 DHINDSA, K.S., DHILLON, activity of the enzyme over that of and SOOD, D.R. 1982. Nutritional alpha-amylase from mature grain, Newsletter Amylolysis of millet starch and its quality of millets.MILWA 1: 2. purified alpha-amylase fractions by bajra was studied by gel filtration. Raw Grain samples of seven a millet starch was resistant to attack varieties were evaluated for quality by alpha-amylase from germinated The protein (13.50%) and millet. Only limiteed degradation traits. flour) was reducing sugars (64.0 mg/l0g (26%) occurred after starch to rest of for 24 hr of CJ 104 were superior incubated with the enzyme and was the varieties. Prolamie at 35 deg C. Millet amylose major millet glutelin were found to be readily hydrolyzed by purified protein fractions. The fatty acid a~pha-amylase- During a 10-min composition of oil of these varieties reaction period at 35 deg C, 36% of to markedly differed and CJ 104 shotd the molecule was degraded highest value (84.11%) for totan molecular weights of 40,000-10,000. fatty acids. oleic and some portions of millet unsaturated tle Conversely, slowly by linolic acids were found to be amylopectii were hydrolyzed fatty acids. F've major unsaturated hundred germplasm collections of alpha-amylase. protein and and kangani were scieened for 0370 DIIILLON, S., POPL, S., minerals. Protein varied from 6.68 DHINDSA, K.S. 1982. Chemical of to 15.03% and mineral matter from composition and protein fractions to 4.81% whereas the mean some high yielding varieties of bajra 2.06 observed was i.52 and 2.80% (Pennisetum typhoideum).Bulletin of also, Grain Technology 20(3): 155-159. 18 respectively. During 1981-82 831 samples of kangani were screened for protein and minerals and they ref. Protein showed wide variability. varieties of to 14.87% whereas high yielding 0 ranged from 4.24 Seven BK-56 , BM-46, pearl millet, viz ash varied from 2.10 to 3.60%. HS-1, HHB-37, HHB-38 and total Jakhrana, Average values were 11.14% for CJ-104 were analysed for moisture for mineral matter. ether protein and 2.72% content, crude protein, V.P., and extract, ash, calcium, phosphorous, SINGH, P., GUPTA, and reducing, 0372 1982. Fatty acid crude fibre, NFE SUKHWIJA, P.S. and total sugars. in pearl millet.MILWAI non-reducing such as composition protein fractions 1: 2-3. Different and Newsletter globulin, prolamine albumin, crosses were also determined. inbred lines and their glutelin fat, crude Six have been Moisture, ash, protein, in a diallel fashion ranged from fatty acid and NFE contents evaluated for the fibre 2.06, 10.20 to have revealed 88.0 to 10.10, 1.92 to composition. Studies 1.18 to 1.44 and saturated fatty 13.5, 5.9 to 8.2, that amongst the per cent and stearic acid 64.98 to 71.30 acids palmitic acid non-reducing amount and Reducing, are present in significant respectively. ranged from of variatiol. and total sugar contents exhibit wide range 188 to 239 from 10.50-28.0% 50 to 64 mg maltose/lOg, Palmitic acid ranged 273 to 308 mg acid ranged from mg sucrose/lOg and while 3tearic respectively. the unsaturated maltose/lOg flour 0.75-9.9;"" Amongst and prolamine and the oleic, lionoleic Albumin, globulin, fatty acids be ranged from 10.09 were found to glutelin fractions linolenic acid 13.98, 30.71 to to 19.19, 10.0 to

90 present in significant amount. Their value of fodder crops was higher. stage as compared to' percentages ranged from 14.0-40.0, during live 20.5-52.5, and 0.3-6.0 respectively, dried stored hay. Besides, traces of decanoic, lauric, myristic and archidic acids, which all are saturated, have also been found to be present in almost all the Postharvest Operations lines.

0373 SMIRNOVA, L.V., KHACHATUROVA, 0375 DE FRANCISCO, A., SHEPHERD, L.V., NEKRASOVA, L.V., and A.D., HOSENEY, R.C., and GRIGORYEVA, M.P. 1982. Vitamin VARRIANO-MARSTON, E. 1982. content in groats and different Decorticating pearl millet and grain cereals.(Ru). Voprosy Pitaniya 2: sorghum in a laboratory abrasive 62-63. (Summary:En). mill.Cereal Chemistry 59(1): 1-5. 18 ref. Study into the content of vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin and niacin) in The decortication behaviour of whole buckwheat, millet, rice, random mating populations of pearl semolina and in viscous and friable millet and cultivars of grain sorghum cereals cooked from them showed that was studied with Shepherd's vitamin losses due to cooking largely modification of the Udy cyclone mill. depend on the type of culinary Sorghum bran was removed in large treatment. The main factor that flakes during decort icat ion, and determined vitamin losses during pearl millet bran was removed in cereal cooking was the duration of smaller flakes. Neither sorghum nor heat treatment. millet was degermed during decortication. Millets grown in 0374 TANDON, J.P., JOSHI, H.C., and Sudan required less time to MELKANIA, N.P. 1982. Nutritive decorticate than Kansas-grown evaluation of some fodder crops and millets. Fractionation of the grasses.Forage Research 8(2): decorticate and the decorticated 163-165. 3 ref. grain, using screens and a seed blower, indicated that differences in The chemical composition of some decortication rate were largely crop-residues and grasses was related to endosperm softness. determined by A.O.A.C. methods for their nutritive value. Among the 0376 DE FRANCISCO, A., green fodder crops, isture conte:-t VARRIANG-MARSTON, E., and HOSENEY, ranged from 62% to 82.25% and dry R.C. 1982. Hardness of pearl millet matter content varied from 17.75% to and grain sorghum.Cereal Chemistry 38%. Pearl millet had markedly higher 59(l): 5-8. 11 ref. crude protein, ash, phosphorus and potassium contents as compared to The hardness of various populations other fodder crops and grasses. It of pearl millet and cultivars of was observed that the crude protein grain sorghum was determined by content increased with reduction in particle size analysis after the crude fibre content. Among grains were milled oa attrition and indi -nous grasses, the maximum crude roller mills. Millets grown in Sudan protein was recorded in Echinochloa were, in general, softer than crus galli. Though the stovers in Kansas-grown ones. However, kernel general, had poor nutritive value, vitreousness did not parallel grain but the stovers of Eleusine .;oracana hardness as determined by particle and Echinochloa frumentacea were size analysis. Furthermore, superior than others. The nutritive tempering either millet or sorghum

91 during seed viability loss rates shifted the particle Science and Technology beforedistributionmillingto larger sizes compared storage.Seed 10: 283-300. 35 ref. (Summaries:De, with those of nontempered samples.

0377 JAMES A.dV. 1982. Sorghum andg Mathematical methods for evaluating and millet.Rome, rates of seed germination and of f sorghum55rpp.mdeterioration, are reviewed with Italy:FAO. 55 pp. emphasis on bioassay approach to analysing quantal responses. Probit This report examines the milling using full maximumto and processing qualities of sorghum analysis curve fitting is used studies the likelihood survival and millets, and obtain P50 (median seed PRL/RIIC Dehuller for comparing performance of from the period), a parameter which was obtained rates of seed lots in International Development Research deterioration that the probit of Cnteretanada Dstorage. Assuming seed survival proportions is a Centre, Canada. of polynomial function Technology first-order and STEWART, B.A. 1982. storage time, with 5, alpha 0378 of a millet seed of 50% and development: the case the probit Zinder, beta, representing factory in and slope respectively, processing Studies intercept is: Niger.Journal of African of storage time then P50 in terms Fortran IV P50=(5_alpha)/-beta. A outputs P50, computer program which new technology 2 d.f., The introduction of of P50, r , X2 sorghum in variance slope, processing millet and intercept and for Niger is probit-time Province of Zinder, with their respective the processing together to The millet errors, was adapted evaluated. flour, standard was built to make survival data. Pearl factory locally analyse seed seeds and noodles from millet (Pennisetum americanum) biscuits and sorghum grain. produced millet temperature and relative stored at form combinations ranging humidity 90% to 32.2 deg C and 50% to 10,0 deg provide for 141 weeks were used to Seeds and Seed Production use of the data to illustrate the of non-normal program and the problem frequency distributions. 1982. Technical 0379 CHOPRA, K.R. and millet seed harvest guideline for sorghum PATIL, T.T. 1982. Post 110 pp. 0381 certified seed production.Rome, Italy:FAO. techniques of handling bajra for (AGP/SIDP/82/2). of hybrid jowar and quality.Seed Tech News for sorghum maintaining The technical guideline has been 12(1): 14. and millet seed production the running of for proper prepared to assist in Provides guidelines compaigns and the and sorghum national seed handling of pearl millet of training courses. after harvesting to organization seed hybrid seeds the principles of Suggests initial Though all maintain quality. are valid for prior to sealing production the field level scalping of conditions but by preliminary testing production on Indian followed helps guideline draws mainly before processing. This needs to be seeds germinability, experience and therefore in determining under other conditions. content of the modified viability and moisture useful in the maintoring E.E. seeds and is F.D., and ROOS, and upgrading 0380 MOORE, in of storage, processing 1982. Determining differences

92 and 134 of seed lots. three cutting dates (68, 81 days of vegetative growth), and three (0, 20% of 0382 PATIL, T.T. 1982. Quality bajra levels of the additives seed production.Presented at the All sugar cane and 6% of molasses). The yields were, India Coordinated Millets Improvement dry and fresh material Project Workshop, 26-28 April 1982, 6.7-55.3; 10.8-76.0 and 21.9-81.0 Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 6 pp. ton/ha, at 68,81 and 134 days respectively. Crude protein, ether Describes the improved methods for extract and ash content decreased quality seed production in two with age from 13.40 to 5.52%, 2.47 to prominent pearl millet hybrids, 1.32% and 11.05 to 5.91% BJ-104, and BK-560 in the state of respectively. Crude fiber increased Maharashtra (India). Information is from 33.54 to 36.64% at 68 days and presented on land requirement, 134 days respectively. Best silage isolation, fertilizer requirements, was obtained when the forage was time of sowing, methods of sowing, harvested with 134 days. When irrigation, diseases and their additives were used the quality of control, and postharvest precautions. the silage was improved considering the low level of the butiric acid and 0383 POKHRIYAL, S.C. 1982. Quality the high lactic acid content of the seed production techniques for bajra silage. It was concluded that hybrids.Seeds and Farms 8(6): 23-28. Pennisetum americanum does not present any advantage as dry matter Defines quality seed and describes composition over cther tropical the major components of any good seed grasses. production programme. The breeder seed, basic or foundation seed and 0385 ANDRADE, J.B. DE, and ANDRADE, certified seed are mentioned as P.DE. 1982. In vivo digestibility of various stages of seed silage of pearl millet (Pennisetum multiplication. A detailed method of americanum (L) K. Schum).(Pt). production of foundation and Bolentin de Industria Animal, Nova certified seed is described. Odessa, SP 39(1): 67-73. 6 ref. (Summary:En). An assay was carried out at Escola Utilization de Medicina Veterinaria e Agronomia de Jaboticabal from October 1973 to Feeds March 1974 to study the digestibility of the silage Pennisetum americanum with and without additives. An 0384 ANDRADE, J.B. DE, and ANDRADE, experiment in randomized blocks with P. DE. 1982. Silage production of two replications was designed to pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum study silage production with three (L.) K. Schum).(Pt). Boletim de additives levels (0, 20% of sugar Industria Animal, Novo Odessa, SP cane and 6% of molasses). The 39(2): 155-165. 18 ref. results suggest that there is no (Summary:En). advantage in adding sugar cane or molasses to get better silages. The The dry matter yield, composition, digestible nutrients and digestible and the silage quality were evaluated protein were not affected when sugar by pH, lactic, acetic and butiric cane or molasses were added. acid contents. Two additives (sugar cane and molasses), for the forage 0386 GONZALEZ PADILLA, H. 1982. conservation were also compared. The Millet grains in feeding swine treatments were, the combination of (Pennisetum typhoides).(Es). Revista

93 from pasture (eds. K.L. Argentina de Orientacion Porcina production and V.K. Tanfa). 22(60): 30-31. Macmillan Hamilton, New Zealand: New Zealand of Animal Production. 43 ref. 0387 KARUNAJEEWA, H. 1982. The Society effect of polypeepers and diet production from composition on the productivity of Increased clover pastures by white leghorn hens.Nutrition Reports ryegrass/white pasture cultivar and International 26(5): 849-856. 7 ref. improving including Poa species and Dallis establishment of special laying performance and some grass, The for summer/autumn organ weights of White Leghorn birds purpose pastures including Bromus catharticus or without polypeepers and given growth with Mauta, tall fescue and mash diets with 15% of either cultivar Kikuyu grass, regular inputs of barley, millet or paddy rice or a and irrigation in the whole wheat plus protein concentrate fertilizer evaluated as management were measured. Diets with summer are diet optimizing animal barley, millet or paddy rice practices for either from pasture. Maintenance had no significant effects on laying production swards, production of performance or organ weights. of pasture summer forage crops such as lucerne, sorghum, maize and millet and 0388 LEUSHIN, S.G.., FEDORINOVA, of hay or silage are M.F:., and LEVAKHIN, V.I. 1982. supplements as methods of providing lipids involved in rations of discussed Millet feed. young fattening cattle.(Ru). Pages summer/autumn In Lipids metabolism and 99-102 J.P., GANGULY, T.K., lipids nutrition of farm animals. 0391 SINGH, RELWANI, L.L. 1982. Different Borovsk, USSR. 5 ref. (Summary:En). and bajra strains for fodder yield and Journal of Dairy MONTGOMERY, C.R., ALLEN, M., quality.Indian 0389 107-112. 13 ref. and MASON, L. 1982. Nutritional and Science 35(2): agronomic comparisons of cowpeas, were conducted in the millet and sorghum.Bulletin Louisiana Experiments 1973, 1974 and 1975 taking 21, Agricultral Experiment Station, 735. year 24 bajra strains respectively 12 pp. 8 ref. 22 and to study forage yield and quality. results indicated that in the One cowpea variety, Big boy was The year HB4 (F2) produced compared with a millet, Millex 23, first green and dry matter and a sorghum, NK 300 on a field highest The next best varieties scale basis for 3 years. The data yields. and K677 showed that Millex 23 and NK 300 K622, D1941 reveal and D1941 yielded superior to that of Big promising yields yields were crude protein in the boy. While all three crops were high maximum year. Entries like S530, in quality, the nutrient production second F848 and A296 also produced crude per acre of the cowpea (Big boy) was at higher range. In the inferior to millet (Millex 23) and protein year PHB 14, PHB 12 and sorghum (NK 300). The use of cowpeas third performed well. With in a forage program with the aim of Composite-D regard to quality, K 249 recorded minimizing nutrient production cost EE and TF 23A x R91 showed acre while maintaining economical 2.72% per 30.5% ADF, the values which were in forage yield level would be favourable order. Lowest cellulose questionable. and (33.1%) was observed with K674, crosses with 23A parent contained 0390 O'CONNOR, M.B. 1982. The oxalic acid. HB 3 (F2) provision of summer/autumn feed for minimum yielded high ash, and the value the dairy herd.Pages 367-374 In Dairy

94 was 15.4%. Calcium, obtained is a ccmponent of the magnesium and phosphorus content Millet bran in the area of highest within normal range in all the diet varied cancer incidence in strains, and highest digestible oesophageal China. Millet bran was cellulose was observed in case of S northern contain up to 20% by weight 530 (68.8%). found to of silica. These types of silica in millet bran are the most likely source of an unusual contamination Food Products with fragments of silica found in the oesophageal mucosa surrounding tumours in patients in northern group of mucosal samples 0392 ANONYMOUS. 1982. A beginner's China. A 5000 guide to sprouts .Vegetarian Times 64: analysed together contained over modal diameter was 26-30. particles/g. The 10 micro m (1-70 micro m). The the body of the Contains guidelines for sprouting particles were in surface grain including millets, and recipes mucosa and were not simply a If such fragments enter for using sprouted grains. contaminant. the mucosa, they must cause some may also EMEROLE, G.O., UWAIFO, A.O., degree of trauma, and they 0393 by THABREW, X.I., and BABABUNMI, E.A. be able to stimulate proliferation These findings 1982. The presence of aflatoxin and providing anchorage. silica some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons suggest the possibility that be involved in the in human foods.Cancer Letters 15(2): particles might 123-129. 32 ref. aetiology of oesophageal cancer. I.A., Total aflatoxi- content, measured 0396 OLATUNJI, 0., AKINRELE, O.A. spectrophotometrically, of crops and EDWARDS, C.C., and KOLEOSO, and millet processing spices grown locally was 1.6 + 0.5 1982. Sorghum Foods mg/kg for manihot flour, 0.4 + 0.1 and uses in Nigeria.Cereal 16 ref. for yam flour, 0.7+0.15 for red World 27(6): 277-280. pepper, 1.4+0.4 for millet, 0.4+0.1 for soybeans, 1.2+0.5 for maize, In an experimental study, sorghum to 0.5+0.15 for black eye beans, and millet grains were fermented 0.04+0.01 for rice and 1.7+0.4 for make ogi or polished on laboratory and dry groundnuts. Results are discussed in and pilot plant equipment The relation to the relatively high milled to make flour and grits. blends with incidence of cancer in tropical flour was test-baked in Africa. wheat and soy flours. Satisfactory bread was made from wheat flour sorghum or 0394 MONDOT-BERNARD, J. 1982. diluted with 10% of either Bibliography on utilization of local millet flour. Blends consisting of sorghum or cereals: millets and sorghum.(Fr). as much as 45% of either Paris and Ouagadougou: Club du Sahel, millet made acceptable biscuits. OCDE, CILSS. 16 pp. 32 ref. 0397 PUSHPAMMA, P., GEERVANI, P., 1982. Losses 0395 O'NEILL, C., CLARKE, G., and KRISHNA KUMARI, K. HODGES, G., JORDAN, P., NEWMAN, R., of some nutrients in cereal, millet commonly consumed PAN, Q.Q., LIU, F.S., GE, M., CHANG, and legume recipes of Y.M., and TOULSON, E. 1982. Silica in Andhra Pradesh.Indian Journal 19: 342-349. fragments from millet bran in mucosa Nutrition and Dietetics surrounding oesophageal tumours in 16 ref. patients in northern China.Lancet of thiamine, 1(8283): 1202-1206. 16 ref. The coooking loss

95 glossary-Patancheru, Andhra Pradeas riboflavin, niacin (vitamins-B), 1967 ref. threonine and India:ICRISAT. 225 PP. lysine, methionine, Program Progres studied (ICRISAT Economics tryptophan (amino acids) was Eleusine Report, 30). in rice, wheat, sorghum, coracana, Pennisetum americanum, Setaria italica, red gram, green 0402 HARRISS, B. 1982. The marketing in the West African gram, balck grar-, and bengal gram of foodgrais states: at recipes frequently consumed in Andhra Sudnoahelian review of the Pradesh (India). In many of the interpretive literature.Patancheru, Andhra recipes the loss of thiamine and 107 pp. 211 more compared to Pradesh, India:ICRISAT- riboflavin was ref. (ICRISAT Economics Program loss of the nutrients niacln. The Progress Report, 31). deep fat frying analysed was more in by boiling and on the method followed Reviews the literature The mean loss of of millet, shallow frying. economics of marketing less in legume beans and vitamins-B was sorghum, dry legumes, while that of amino tropics of preparations groundnut in the semi-arid cereal recipes. review is acids was less in West Africa. The Niger, Burkina restricted to Nigeria, Faso, Mali, and Senegal. M., and PETERSSON, E. Industrial uses 0403 LUNDAHL, correlation and 1982. Price series some further market integration: 1982. Fermentation Journal of 0398 ANONYMOUS. evidence.Indian millet malt liquor in 37(2): attempts using Agricultural Economics Monatsschrift fur Nigeria.(De). 184-190. 24 ref. Brauerei 35(9): 275. an economy Uses price data from K.F. 1982. The integrated 0399 KRETSCRMER, where, an efficiently of the South African agricultural dietitic value marketing system for Monatsschrift fur to exist millet beer.(De). products is believed monthly Brauerei 35(12): 368-369. to calculate (Haiti), in the correlation coefficients 1982. The making of out by 0400 TAO, C. same manner as carried wine.Brygmesteren data, and to China's oldest Blyn, with Cummings' 236-242. of (Denmark) 39(6): show that coefficients same size approximately the the various processes pattern Describes emerge, that a seasonal of China's oldest, found by involved in making resembles the one is made which tc yellow wine present and, finally, yellow wine. in ous rice Blyn is ma3 from glutinous or non-glut discuss what these patterns or millet during winter. to th( indicate with respect network structure of the marketing grain millet Price data for rice, are presented to corn, red beans etc Economics and Marketing illustrate the study. 1982. On foo 0404 MAINA, S. B. 1982. Agricultural Republic: a 0401 HARRISS, security in Niger semi-arid tropics of of millet ar marketing in the economic analysis a partially annotated and acrea2 West Africa: sorghum yield and list of Michigan Stat and indexed bibliography response.M.Sc. thesis, addresses and a common abbreviations, East Lansing, Michigai technical University, French, English

96 USA. 124 pp. The ztudy atempts to provide a

0405 NEPAL:AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS summary of principal producer grain SERVICE CENTRE. 1982. Nepal: transact ions and to discuss in foodgrain marketing and price policy detail millet marketing in rural study.Kathmandu, Nepal: Agricultural Senegal. The first section Projects Service Centre. 3 v. provides some background information on Senegalese agriculture, followed The report examines the existing by a summary of producer price and market structure of transactions. The third section foodgrains including millets, and presents an analysis of the millet provides recommendations on policies marketing process, while the last to be adopted in the future. These section indicates some policy policies are aimed at providing price implicaticns. The conclusions show incentives to producers, increasing that policy makers should first test the efficiency of marketing channels, the assumption of non-competitive ensuring food security, and gearing behaviour before assuming that up public distribution of subsidized intervention will provide greater foodgrains to low income groups in efficiency. food deficit areas. 0409 SENEGAL:BANQUE CENTRALE DES 0406 NIRMAN, K.P.S., SINGH, S., and ETATS DE L'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST. 1982. RAUT, K.C. i982. Estimation of crop Ivory Coast: the main crops in 1979 residues using grain to straw and 1980.(Fr). Pages 14-15 In Notes ratios.Agricultural Situation in d'information et statistiques no. India 37(3): 149-151. 302. Dakar, Senegal: Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. To estimate the dry fodder production in the country, 0410 SENEGAL:BANQUE CENTRALE DES straw-to-grain ratios of rice, wheat, ETATS DE L'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST. 1982. sorghum, and pearl millet, were Senegal: the main crops in 1979-80 worked out utilising the data and 1980-81.(Fr). Pages 14-15 In collected by the Indian Agricultural Notes d'information et statistiques Statistics Research Institute. The no. 301. Dakar, Senegal: Banque straw-to-grain ratios and production Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de figures of these crops in 1977-78 l'Ouest. were used to estimate dry fodder production from these crops. It was The production data for 1979-80 and observed that of the total biological 1980-81 are presented for main crops yield of millet in the country, 81% including millet, sorghum in Senegal. was straw and 19% grain from high yielding varities. 0411 SENEGAL:BANQUE CENTRALE DES ETATS DE L'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST. 1982. 0407 RAJU, V.T., and VON OPPEN, M. Togo: the main crops in 1979-80 and 1982. Marketing efficiency for 1980-81.(Fr). Pages 14-15 In Notes selected crops in semi-arid tropical d'information et statistique no. 301. India.Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, Dakar, Senegal: Banque Centrale des India:ICRISAT. 50 p.. 22 ref. Etats de l'Afrique de l'Quest. (ICRISAT Economics Program Progress Report, 32). The production figures for main crops including millet, sorghum in 0408 ROSS, C.G. 1982. A village Togo are presented for 1979-80 and level study of produced grain 1980-81. transactions in rural Senegal.African Studies Review 25(4): 65-84. 8 ref. 0412 SENEGAL:BANQUE CENTRALE DES

97 ETATS DE L'AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST. 1982. 0415 VINCENT, J.F. 1982. Power and Upper Volta: the main crops in control of millet:individual and among the 1979-80 and 1980-81.(Fr). Page 13 In collective grain stores Notes d'information et statistiques Mofu mountain people (Sahelian no. 302. Dakar, Senegal: Banque Africa) (Cameroon).Journal Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de d'Agriculture Traditionale et l'Ouest. Botanique Applique 29(3-4): 294-306. 13 ref. Production data for millets and other crops for 1979-80 and 1980-81 in Burkina Faso are presented. MINOR AND OTHER MILLETS

0413 SINGH, D.V. 1982. Economics of bajra cultivation in western General Rajasthan.Agricultural Situation in India 37(8): 505-509. 7 ref. 0416 INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL Presents facts in respect of RESEARCH. 1982. Minor millets costs and returns in pearl millet improvement: third progress report, production in an arid district of January - December 1981.New Delhi, western Rajasthan (India), from data India: Indian Council of Agricultural collected for the farm structure Research. 159 pp. study for three crop years i.e., 1977-78, 1978-79, and 1979-80. Presents an account of the research Data revealed that value of total done on Paspalum scrobiculatum, output did not always cover the Setaria italica, Panicum miliare, total cost of cultivation. But Panicum miliaceum and Echinochloa farmers still continued to cultivate frumentacea. Summarises the work pearl millet as long as the value of done during previous two years on output was more than the cos' in cash minor millets and describes germplaem and kind excluding the cost ot labour collection and its status. Research which they and their family put. on minor millets at the Pune and After meeting this cost farmers on an other coordinating centres is average earned Rs. 269/ha farm highlighted. business income from pearl millet crop which was as high as Rs. 424/ha 0417 INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL in 1977-78 and as low as Rs. 105/ha RESEARCH. 1982. Minor millets.Pages in 1978-79. 1-10 In Minor milleta improvement: third progress report, January - 0414 SMITH, V.E., WHELAN, W., and December 1981. New Delhi, India: SCHMIDT, P. 1982. Food consumption Indian Council of Agricultural behaviour in three villages of Research. northern Nigeria.East Lansing, Michigan, USA: Michigan State Presents a summary of the work on University, Department of Paspalum scrobicu-atum, Setaria Agricultural Economics. 89 pp. italics, Panicum miliare, P. (Rural Development Series Working milincium, and Echinochloa Paper, 22). frumentacea during first (1979) and second (1980) year of the project. Average annual household consumption of sorghum (900 kg) and 0418 KAZIM, M. 1982. Collection of minor millet (100 kg) were found in 2 genetic resources of samples of semi-subsistence millet.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 5-6. households in a year-long survey. An exhaustive survey and crop

98 returns as compared to pure crop of specific collection programme to tap Eleusine, and Paspalum the prevalent diversity was initiated Panicum, Panicum, Paspalum and in 1980 in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh respectively. with soybean were and Bihar (India). In Karnataka 432, Eleusine mixed more remunerative than Andhra Pradesh 204, and Bihar 173 significantly sowing of all collections were made. their sole crops. Line crops were more remunerative than Only soybean + 0419 MURALIKRISHNA, G., PARAMAHANS, their broadcasting. s.V., and THARANATHAN, R.N. 1982. Panicum mixtures were more Carbohydrate make-up of minor remunerative in broadcasting. millets.Starch/Starke 34(12): 1982. 397-401. 23 ref. (Summary:De). 0421 SEETHARAM, A. Conservation of minor millets Starchy and non-starchy germplasm in India.MILWAI Newsletter carbohydrates of samai, (Panicum 1: 4-5. miliare), sanwa (Echinochloa crus-galli) and panivargu (Paspalum The Germplasm Unit at Bangalore scrobiculatum) millets were isolated (India) has presently 8379 and characterized. Starch isolated collections, 4184 in finger millet, exhibited single stage swelling, 1731 in foxtail millet, 690 in moderate solubility in water, but a barnyard millet, 496 in common very high solubility in DMSO, and millet, 357 in little millet and 921 non-ionic character similar to in kodc millet. The collections are several starches from leguminoseae. "eld presently by frequent Treatment with mild alkali resulted rejuvination of accessions atleast in the separation of big-hexagonal, once in 2-3 years. '25 accessions and small-spherical granules. in little millet, 1300 in foxtail Considerable retrogradation of the millet and about 2500 in finger linear amylose fraction was observed, millet have been evaluated for a Hemicellulose A was shown to be large uumber of traits. 1300 non-cellulosic glucan, whereas accessions of foxtail millet have hemicellulose B was composed of been studied for quality characters hexoses, pentoses and uronic acids in namely protein, minerals, and lipids. varying proportions. The The data collected after evaluation alkali-insoluble residues were of genetic resources are being exclusively composed of glucose and compiled. Two such compilations are constituted the fibre fraction. available for use. A few accessions have been identified as sources of 0420 RAGHU, J.S., and CHOUBEY, S.D. useful genes in ragi, little millet 1982. Performance of pure and mixed ana foxtail millet. crops of smaller millets with soybean.JNKVV Research Journal 16(2): 0422 SEETHARAM, A. 1982. Genetic 184-185. mines of minor millets.Presented at the All India Coordinated Millets An experiment was conducted at Improvement Project Workshop, 26-28 Jabalpur (India) to study the April 1982, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, economics of pure and mixed cropping India. 2 pp. of smaller millets (Paspalum scrobiculatum, Eleusine coracana, and The Germplasm Unit at Bangalore Panicum miliare) with soybean under (India) stores 3301 accessions of broadcasting and line sowing. The Eleusine coracana, 1626 of Setaria data indicated that soybean pure crop italica, 574 of Echinochloa gave 43%, 105%, and 743% in line crus-galli, 413 of Panicum miliaceum, sowing and 36%, 49%, and 476% in 317 of Panicum miliare, and 684 of broadcasting sowing more monetary Paspalum scrobiculatum, representing

99 reasonably diverse material. So far The patterns of Euchlaena mexicana 225, 1300, and 2500 accession of P. types, Sorghum spp. and Coix miliare, S. italics, and E. coracana lachryma-jobi were characterized by respectively have been evaluated for the complete absence of any morphological, agronomical, and detectable bands in regions III and quality attributes. The accessions IV. Sorghum spp. showed some IE-882, IE-1012, U-6, U-10 and U-45 similarities to E. mexicana types. of E. coracana were found to possess Close similarities were observed moderate to high level of tolerance between maize and E. mexicana and to blast disease. also between maize and C. lachryma-job i. Coix lachryma-Jobi 0425 SAPRE, A.B., and BARVE, S.S. (Job's Tears) 1982. Cytological studies in a spontaneous autotriploid of Coix and Biochemistry aquat ica Roxb.Science and Culture Physiology a48(2): 67-69. 12 ref.

0423 SAKA, H., and CHISAKA, H. A wild population of Coix aquatica 1982. On the photosynthesis of higher from Mhaismal (India) was screened plants measured by the oxygen chromosomally, and from the seed electrode. 1. Changes in population grown in the botanical photosynthesis during the growth and garden a spontaneous triploid plant aging of plant leaf discs.(Ja). was isolated and studied Report of the Tokai Branch of Crop cytologically. The chromosomal Science Society of Japan 93: 41-44. configurations during meiosis 11 ref. resembled to a typical autotriploid. It was concluded that the triploid Photosynthesis rate measured with was originated by fertilizaLion of a the oxygen electrode in discs of diploid egg from an unreduced embryo leaves of rice, Echinochloa sac as a result of diplospory. The oryzicola, Chenopodium album, high frequency of trivalents also soyabean and Coix lacryma-jobi showed supports its autoploid nature. that in rice photosynthetic rate increased during the 1st day then 0426 SELIM, A.K.A., ABD-EL-TAWAB, decreased while in E. oryzicola, the F.M., and RASHED, M.A. 1982. rate decreased over 3 days and in Phylogenetic relationships in the soybean the rate decreased slowly, genus Zea and related genera. I. The chlorophyll contents of discs Serological affinities.Egyptian were also measured. Journal of Genetics and Cytology 11(2): 255-264. 27 ref.

The evolutionary relationships of Genetics and Breeding ten types of maize, three types of Euchlaena mexicana, three species of Sorghum and one type of Coix 0424 ABD-EL-TAWAB, F.M., SELIM, lachryma-jobi with popcorn maize, E. A.K.A., HUSSEIN, K.R.F., and RASHED, mexicana, and C. lachryma-jobi were M.A. 1982. Phylogenetic relationships studied according to their in genus Zea and related genera. II. serological affinities. C. Electrophoretic patterns and lachryma-jobi antiserum gave strong molecular weight of protein.Egyptian reaction with most of the maize Journal of Genetics and Cytology antigens but gave a completely 11(2): 265-273. 17 ref. negative reaction with antigens of E. mexicana.

100 death rjints.(Ja). Annual Report of the Society of Plant Protection of North Japan 33: 60-62. 4 ref. Pathology (Summary:zu).

The spores of Ustilago coicis Bref. 0427 HONKURA, R., OIKAWA, T., and germinated at temperature of 10 deg C INOUE, T. 1982. Studies on diseases to 35 deg C, and optimum at 30 to 35 of job's tears. I. Influence of deg C. The spores excellently cultivation method on occurrence of germinated on both potato sucrose job's tears leaf blight.(Ja). Annual agar medium and 2% crude agar medium, Report of the Society of Plant also under both total darkness and Protection of North Japan 33: 53-54. illuminated condition. The spores 3 ref. lost their germinability when treated at 54 deg C for 10 minutes in hot 0428 INOUE, T., OIKAWA, T., and water; and they lost it when treated HONKURA, R. 1982. Studies on diseases at 75 deg C for 6 days, at 80 deg C of job's tears. II. Infection for 3 days, at 85 deg C for 2 days source of leaf blight.(Ja). Annual and 90 deg C for one day in an oven. Report of the Society of Plant Protection of North Japan. 33: 0431 OIKAWA, T., HONKURA, R., and 55-57. 2 ref. INOUE, T. 1982. Studies on diseases of job's tears. III. Effect of 0429 KUWATA, H., SHIMADA, K., and disinfection of job's tears seed on SATOH, N. 1982. Control of smut job's tears leaf blight and head disease of job's tears by seed smut.(Ja). Annual Report of the treatment with several fungicides and Society of Plant Protection of North the effects of the fungicides to the Japan 33: 58-59. 2 ref. spore germination. (Ja). Annual Report of the Society of Plant Protection of North Japan 33: 63-64. 4 ref. (Summary:En). Utilization

Smut disease of i-,b's tears caused by Ustilago coicis Bref., was 0432 KUMAI, S., FUKUMI, R., and effectively controlled when infected TAJI, K. 1982. Some experiments in seeds were dipped intu the suspension the job's tear millet (Coix Lacryma of benomyl at 500 ppm a.i. for 3 jobi L. var. frumentacea) on the days, and coated with thiuram-benomyl quality of fresh stover silage and or thiuram-thiophanate methyl at 0.5% nutritive values of sun-cured stover per weight of seed, each before and fresh stover silage.(Ja). seeding. Germination of the fungal Memoirs of the College of spore was completely inhibited on the Agriculture, Ehime University 27(3): media containing thiuram-benomyl or 171-179. 25 ref. (Summary:En). thiuram-thiophanate methyl. Benomyl did not inhibit the germination Moisture content and 1§ value of (promycelial elongation), but fresh stover silage were 67.4% and inhibited the production of sporidia 3.90-3.91 respectively. The ratio of on the promycelia. lactic acid to the total organic acids was so high that butyric acid 0430 KUWATA, H., SHIMADA, K., SATOH, content was not recognized. The N., and OHSAKA, N. 1982. Spore ratio of VBN to the total nitrogen germination of smut fungus of job's was 4.0-4.1% and FLIEG's score was 95 tears, Ustilago coisis Bref., with point. Therefore, the silage special reference to its thermal qualities were ranked "excellent

101 grade". The contents and digestibilities of crude protein, crude fat, NFE, ani crude fiber of sun-cured stover were 5.1, 1.5, 46.9, and 37.2%, 38.1% and 16.5, 44.0, 34.2 and Morphology respectively. The similar values for Anatomy fresh stover silage were 5.4, 2.1, 42.2, 51.3, 38.8, 44.7, 38.7%, and and KANEKO, M. Fresh stover 0435 KATAOKA, K., 54.6% respectively. morphological the TDN 1982. Variation of silage had higher value of of Enzymic characters in natural populations than sun-cured stover. (Echinochloa proportion barnyard millet analysis showed that the var. celluler crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. of digestible organic Bulletin of the organic a in organic crus-galli).(Ja). contents plus Agriculture, Tamagawa higher in rice than Faculty of matter was 22: 27-35. 8 ref. of job's tears millet. University silages (Summary:En). of E. crus-galli Natural populations Echinochloa crus-galli in the Nasu-Kogen region (Barnyard Millet) of Japan (300-810 m alt.) were studied in 1979-81. Length of culm General and inflorescence, length and width of flag leaf, number and length of and intervein length INDIA COORDINATED stomata 0433 INDIA:ALL increasing altitude of PROJECT . 1982. increased with MILIETS IMPROVEMENT even when plants were millet - Echinochloa origin Barnyard to an experimental acea.Pages 62-65 In Report, transplanted frument in Tokyo. Number and length New Delhi, India:Indian garden 1965-81. of stomata and intervein length were Council of Agricultural Research. less variable than the other characters. Presents an account of research work carried out in India during 1965 to 1981 on breeding, agronomy, and physiology pathology, entomology, and Biochemistry of Echinochloa frumentacea. Physiology OF AGRICULTURAL 0434 INDIAN COUNCIL Nonionic millet - 0436 HURTT, W. 1982. RESEARCH. 1982. Barnyard weed seed (Rove) surfactant effects on Echinochloa frumentacea Northeastern Link.Pages 91-105 In Minor millets germination.Proceedings Weed Science Society 36: 102. improvement: third progress report, (Abstract). January - December 1981. New Delhi, of Agricultural India:Indian Council after-ripened Research.Accelerated barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) seeds were used to Reports the work done at examine the effects of Tween 20 and Echinochloa Improvement Centre, Tween 80 on germination. All levels Almora (Uttar Pradesh, India) during of both Tweens (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% the period under report. Presents stimulated resources, v/v) significantly the information on genetic and of germination at both temperatures varietal improvement, management Germination pest light regimes. inputs, disease management, and enhancement by both surfactants was management. light greater in the dark than in the

102 and greater at 25/15 C than at 30/20 both oryzicola and rice when grown C. Another source of barnyardgrass anaerobically. The importance of both seeds that had after-ripened at room to possible alternate electron temperature (25-30 deg C) also acceptors to oxygen durig anaerobic responded to Tween 20 and Tween 80. ge..:zination will be discussed.

0437 JORDAN, J.L., JORDAN, L.S., 0439 KENNEDY, R.A., and RUMPHO, and JORDAN, C.M. 1982. Low M.E. 1982. Germination physiology of temperature (-196 deg C) effects on rice and rice weeds.Plant Fhysiology weed seed germination.Proceedings of 69(4, suppl): 2. (Abstract). the Western Society of Weed Science 35: 96-100. 9 ref. Comparative studies of the germination physiology of rice, Ultra-cooling to -196 deg C and Echinochloa crus-galli var. subsequent thawing of Echinochloa crus-galli and E. crus-galli var. crus-galli and Setaria glauca seeds oryzicola have been made. Although altered their germination. The both Echinochloa varieties readily germinability of E. crus-galli germinate under anaerobiosis and are increased with repeated common within the California rice ultra-cooling. The germinability of agro-ecosystem, only oryzicola is a S. glauca increased with the first rice-field weed. Unlike rice, ultra-cooling but decreased with however, oryzicola appears to lack a subsequent ultra-coolings. Scanning CN and azide insensitive alternate electron micrographs showed no oxidase. In air, rice germination is fissures or cracks in the seed coats unaffected by 2 mM KCN 4r azide; of either species. whereas oryzicola germination is arrested by both inhibitors. On the 0438 KENNEDY, R.A., and RUMPHO, other hand, carbon monoxide fails to M.E. 1982. Anaerobic metabolism and inhibit germination of either plant. response to metabolic inhibitors in Nitrate, which is present in rice and rice weeds.Agronomy oryzicola seeds, largely disappears Abstracts. p. 101. during early germination and is being investigated as a possible alternate Comparative studies of the electron acceptor. Well-developed germination physiology of rice, mitochondria exist in the primary Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus leaves of both oryzicola and rice galli (barnyard grass) and E. when grown anaerobically. Finally, crus-galli var. oryzicola (water the distribution of crus-galli and grass) have been made. Although both oryzicola within the rice field Echinochloa varieties readily system will be compared with their germinate under anaerobiosis and are ability to germinate at various redox common within the California rice potentials and in the presence of agro-ecosystem, only oryzicola is a ferric versus ferrous iron. rice-field weed. Unlike rice, however, oryzicola appears to lack a 0440 MATSUMOTO, H., and ISHIZUKA, CN- and azide-insensitive alternate K. 1982. Effects of simetryne on the oxidase. In air, rice gerwination was photochemical reactions of isolated unaffected by 2mM KCN or azide; chloroplasts of rice and whereas oryzicola germination was barnyardgrars plants .Weed Research arrested by both inhibitors. On the (Japan)27(2): 91-97. 15 ref. other hand, carbon monox'1 . failed to (Summary:Ja). inhibit germination of either plant. Well-developed mitochondria and The effects of simetryne on the extensive lipid accumulations were photosynthetic electron transport and observed in the primary leaves of photophosphorylation activities in

103 r a. e rice expan- irti -iE . .. chloroplasts isolated from individual leaveU. u ant (tolats and barnyardgrass Plant (tolerant) an were tillered more than E. utilis. in(estigated) Simetryne severely development was retarded at low inhibited the electron transport of temperatures but was not as ihotosYstem II in both the responsive to tempehatl~re as dry and leaf area. The different chloroplasts as measured by 02 weight of two evolution. No inhibition of responses to temperature the

described in equations dependent electron speies were photosystem I for inclusion in predictive was observed upto 0.1 m guitable transport growth models• simetryne. Non-cyclic by WHEELER and photophosphoryltion was inhibited MYLDOON, •.K.,19 ELR Got an at the same concentration 0442 simetryne C.J. 1982. Growth and of photosystm and PEARSON, and as in inhibition quality of maize, sorghum II. Cyclic photophosphorylation different also inhibited, but not as barnyard millets at was Research reaction. reperatures.Page 19 In severely as in non-cyclic and herbicidal action of report, Department of Agronomy The primary to be inhibition of Horticultural Science 1981-82.of T nseems and Sydney, Australia: University photosystem II Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture. No differences 10). photophospborylation. of (Research Report, observed in the degree Echinochloa were chloroplasts inhibition between The barnyard millets maizeha isolated from rice and barnyardgrass maize and utiliS and E. frumentacea, x photochemical reactions a sorghum hybrid (Sorghum bicolor among all it cannot therefore be tested. grown as spaced of S. sudanense) were considered that the selectivity temperature regmes from is caused by the difference plants at simetryleinsens t of the chloroplasts. 15/10 deg C o 33/23 s eg C inesitivity (day/night). Leaf and stem dry C.J., weight, area, and numbers were 0441 NULDOON, D.K., pEARSON, and the dry 1982. The effect of recorded fortnightly and WHEELER, J.L. analysed for nitrogen, on growth and development matter and in vitro temperature of sulphur, sodium of Echinochl oa millets .Annals Tolerance to low 2o 11 ref.digestibility. maize otaEhiny 50: chl temperatures was in the order 11 ref. > sorghum > E. Accumulation5-672. of dry weight and leaf > E. utilis in leaf frumentacea. Differences were measured in accountedleaf sizefor plus stem area was mainlyfor whichresponsible, individual utilis and E. fmeacfrumentacea.e iarea,a Echinochloalus t i a wen Ech t o mainl y respons regimes from was to grown at temperature of the dry weight response 33/28 deg C most 15/10 deg C to temperature, although AR responses Tillering and height were(day/night) recorded in addition to leaf were also apparent. Dry matter decreased with time used as digestibility number which was subsequently Of s te rioreti In both because stems, except in a developmental index. increased digestibility of highest in E. species shoot dry weight deg C; sorghum. Sodium was with temperature up to 33/28 and increased with rate utilis stems the increase in relative growth in contrast to sorghum. above 27/22 deg temperature teRGR) was negli ible that more attention of E. It was concluded C. Below 27/22 deg C the RGR as a at should be given to E. utilis frumeltacea decreased sharply and climates. effective forage for cool 15/10 deg C it made no Anaerobic the RGR growth. At low temperatures M.E. 1982. Anaerdbi0 lower than that 0443 RmtiPIIO, of E. frumentaces was seeds area metabolism in germinating of E. utilis due to slow leaf

104 synthesis was provided by the PPP as Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola of evidenced by the intermediates (barnyardgrass) .Ph.D. thesis, metabolism of 1-and 6-14C labeled Washington State University, Pullman, 6 and activity of glucose- -P USA. 148 pp. glucose Washington, dehydrogenase. Additional support for this hypothesis came from sucrose The characteristics of anaerobic labeling experiments which showed metabolism in Echinochloa crus-galli radioactivity in PPP and were studied. Ethanol increased var oryzicola intermediates under levels and alcohol dehydrogenase glycolytic nitrogen. activity increased in oryzicola under N2. Ethanol was the major SCHRODER, J., and BAART, metabolite, with 85% found in the 0445 E.A.D. 1982. Does liquid manure external solution. Oryzicola also to the dispersal of appeared tolerant to ethanol and contribute Echinochloa crus-galli?(Nl). converted 14C-ethanol into lipids van de Faculteit and organic acids. Possible Mededelingen Rijksuniv. alternate end products, lactate and Landbouwwetenschappen 27-35. 26 ref. malate, did not accumulate Gent 47(0): appreciably relative to ethanol. (Summary:En). Enzymes for malate synthesis, is still phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and Echinochloa crus-galli arable fields on sandy malate dehydrogenase were present at extending in clay soils. lower levels in N2 than air. Malic soils and from sandy-to to this spreading an enzyme increased under N2 and its Parallel the long distance activity was equal to air/dark increase in of liquid manure has levels. Fixation of HC03 and transport the Netherlands. To turnover of malate also occurred when started in more information about a seedlings were labeled with NaHl4CO3. acquire between these The major labeled compounds were TCA possible relation a study was made to examine cycle intermediates. It was concluded trends, and germinal force of that oryzicola is able to germinate the viability seeds during harvest and silage and grow without oxygen by the its digestion in cattle and maintaining an active alcoholic of maize, to liquid manure. Except fermentative metabolism, its exposure for the silage none of these steps loss of viability 0444 RUMPHO, M.E., and KENNEDY, warrants a complete force. If seeds were R.A. 1982. Metabolic adaptations to or germinal in a well-preserved silage anaerobiosis in Echinochloa present the viability was crus-galli (barnyard grass) during 4-8 weeks, results indicate that seedlings.Plant Physiology 69(4, lost. The conditions liquid manure suppl): 2. (Abstract). under these cannot be considered as a mechanism of Echinochloa Echinochloa crus-galli var. for the dispersal oryzicola was able to germinate and crus-galli. grow for long period without oxygen 1.J., and WEBER, J.B. by maintaining active alcoholic 0446 STREK, Adsorption, mobility, and fermentation and operation of the 1982. between alachlor pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and activity comparisons and metolachlor partial TCA cycle activity. Electron (Lasso) Southern Weed micrographs and products of ethanol (Dual).Proceedings 35: 332-338. 10 ref. metabolism showed an extensive Science Society accumulation of lipids, especially in studies were seedlings of oryzicola under Disappearance in a greenhouse to anaerobic conditions. The reducing conducted relative mobility of power (NADPH) required for lipid determine the

105 maintain their integrity and metolachlor from glass not only alachlor anaerobic germination but also and straw surfaces. Both herbicides during show developmental changes involving were applied at 3kg/ha. Significantly increase in internal membrane more herbicide disappeared from glass an complexity, although to a lesser than straw, and significantly more than in etiolated shoots. alachlor disappeared than extent metolachlor. T n these studies, the A.F., CRUTCHFIELD, D.A., form of disappearance was 0448 WIESE, major J.J. 1982. Effect of to volatilization. Washoff and GREEN attributed conditions on weed studies using herbicide-treated straw climatic growth.Proceedings Southern Weed and conducted in the greenhouse Society 35: 314. (Abstract). showed that metolachlor was more Science readily and significantly washed off consistent correlation was by simulated rainfall. Soil No the growth rate of studies showed a evident between adsorption crus-galli, Xanthium effect of soil organic Echinochloa significant Kochia scoparia and content on adsorption of both pensylvanicum, matter Helianthus annuus and climate herbicides, and that the adsorption conditions. The climatic conditions of alachlor by soil was significantly giving the best linear regressions greater than for metolachlor. are a for height of these species Desorption studies show recorded. significantly lesser removal of adsorbed alachlor by water. A bioactivity study was conducted on in the greenhouse using three soils Agroclimatology Echinochloa crus-galli. From prediction equations the rate at which 50% inhibition occurred was O'TOOLE, J.C., and TOMAR, V.S. calculated. 0449 1982. Transpiration, leaf temperature and water potential of rice and 0447 VANDER ZEE, D., and KENNEDY, barnyard grass in flooded R.A. 1982. Plastid development in fields.Agricultural Meteorology 26: seedlings of Echinochloa crus-galli 285-296. 17 ref, var. oryzicola under anoxic germination conditions .Planta 155: Transpiration, leaf water 1-7. 32 ref. potential, leaf diffusive resistance leaf temperature of rice and development in the primary and Plastid grass (Echinochloa of Echinochloa crus-galli was barnyard leaf during the dry season 5 d of anoxic crus-galli), followed during were measured. growth. Plastids in the Philippines germination and were made of from simple Concurrent measurements developed slowly water vapor proplastids into larger solar radiation, spheroidal deficit and wind speed. plastids with several pressure pleomorphic rate, leaf water membranes and many peripheral Transpiration stromal and leaf temperature of vesicles. A small potential, membrane responded to diurnal body was present at 96 h both species prolamellar in the meteorological perforated (pro)thylakoids trends with Transpiration rate, into the stroma. Changes variables. extending the course of the day was more grains and plastoglobuli during in starch vapor pressure deficit carbohydrate and lipid responsive to evidenced speed than solar radiation. Plastid division was and wind metabolism. rate of four rice by dumbbell plastid Transpiration indicated cultivars averaged 7.2 mm/d, while profiles after 4 d of anoxia. These barnyard grass was 2.8 mm/d. During results demonstrated that plastids

106 much of the diurnal period, leaf 1982, Nevada. water potential, leaf diffusive of phenyl-substituted resistance and leaf temperature of A series of the recently patented rice were lower than barnyard grass. analogues pyridine-l- Although the leaf area index of 2-(phenylmethylsulphonyl) were selected to barnyard grass was less than that of oxide herbicides rice, other characteristics of the determine structure-activity two plant groups (C3 and C4) provide relationships in Panicum virgatum, partial explanation for the Echinochloa crus-galli and Setaria were chosen diffe-ences observed. viridis. The analogues to provide a close approach to orthogonality in a multi-dimensional space representing six parameters and Cultivation used to characterize the bubstituents Agronomy on the phenylmethyl moiety. Using regression analysis the most 0450 CHIBA, Y., OHNO, Y., MIYASHITA, significant parameters associated K., SUGAWARA, A., and SASAKI, T. with bio-activity were the oil-water 1982. Cultivation method of barnyard partition coefficient, the molar millet in ill-drained paddy field. refractivity for ortho and meta/para 3. On farmyard manure application to substituents and an indicator cultivate fresh barnyard millet.(Ja). variable denoting the presence of an Tohoku Agricultural Research 31: alpha methyl group. The regression 203-204. equations were found to explain 78-80% of the data for the three weed 0451 HASHIMOTO, T., MITSUHASHI, K., species. and NAKAJIMA, M. 1982. Cultivation of green barnyard millet in ill-drained 0454 MINOTTI, P.L. 1982. Field paddy field and its utilization. 2. studies on the effective activity Characteristics of growth, technics period for selected thiocarbamates of storage and feed value.(Ja). (with and without extenders) and Tohoku Agricultural Research 31: acetanilides.Proceedings Northeastern 201-202. Weed Science Society 36: 87-88. Echinochloa crus-galli was sown 12, 21, 34, 45 and 61 days after Barnyard Millet as Weed incorporating EPTC+ and dinoseb, separately or as a mixture, and various other herbicides on a 0452 AESCHLIMANN, J. 1982. Five gravelly loam soil with pH 6, heavily years of experience with liquid infested with Cyperus esculentus. primagram in the control of millet in All treatments, except dinoseb alone, maize.(De). Mitteilungen fur die controlled E. crus-galli sown up to Schweizerische Landwirtschaft 30(12): 21-days after incorporation. EPTC+ 61-62. controlled weeds sown 34 days after treatments only if an extender was 0453 DOWEYKO, A.M., MINATELLI, J.A., added to the compound. Butylate+ RELYEA, D.I., and BELL, A.R. 1982. persisted longer than EPTC+ at Quantitative structure activity comparable rates. Metolachlor and UBI relationships for 2-(phenyl methyl S-734 were the only compounds showing sulfonyl) pyridine-l-oxide considerable activity against E. herbicides.Page 15 In Abstracts of crus-galli sow 61 days after papers, 183rd ACS National Meeting, application.

107 NkVALE, P.A., and HARINARAYANA, G. 1982. Natural incidence of grain smut Pathology in sawa.Current Science 51(9): 480. 2 ref.

0455 GAIKWAD, D.G., PAWAR, C.P., One hundred and eightyseven and HARINARAYANA, G. 1982. Screening accessions of Echinochloa frumentaces of Echinochloa germplasm for smut were evaluated at Pune (India) during resistance.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 7. kharif 1980. Natural intensity of grain smut (Ustilago parodoxa) ranged Two hundred and eighty one from 0-75% at maturity. Most of the germplasm lines were screened under lines ;cre free from grain smut. A artificial inoculation done by mixing large number of them were moderately Ustilago paradoxo spores in the seeds resistant with less than 4% disease before sowing. Four entries were intensity. Lines with low and completely free from the disease higher intensity of grain smut were while 13 entries showed less than 5 poor yielders compared to lines with percent. Fifty five entries recorded moderate disease intensity. 6 to 10%, 75 entries 11 to 20%, 60 Concludes that a compromise should be entries 21 to 30%, 48 entries 31 to made between disease resistance and 40%, 14 entries 41 to 50% and 12 grain yield to evolve high yielding entries above 50% smut. varieties.

0456 PANGTEY, Y.P.S., KALAKOTI, B.S., and RAWAT, G.S. 1982. Fungi associated with stored seeds of Entomology Echinochloa frumentacea Link.Seeds and Farms 8(3): 17-20. 19 ref. 0458 SHAH, N.K., and GARG, D.K. Ten seed samples were collected 1982. Insect pests of barnyard from different localities of Kumaun millet.Presented at the All India hills (India) to investigate the Coordinated. Millets Improvement associated mycoflora of stored seeds Project Workshop, 26-28 April 1982, of Echinochloa frumentacea and their Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 7 pp. effect on seed germination and 4 ref. seedling mortalities by employing moist blotter technique and agar The insect pests found to cause plate method. In all 20 fungal economic loss to Echinochloa isolates were recorded showing marked frumentacea are listed alongwith variations in the percentages of their nature and extent of seeds infected by them. However, in infestation. Most of the insects agar-plate method only 14 fungal belong to Coleoptera, Dermaptera, isolates were recorded. Fungi like Diptera, Heteroptera, Fomoptera, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera orders. cinerea, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum. F. semitectun, F. solani, 0459 SHAH, N.K., GARG, D.K., and Phoma sorghiana, and Penicillium TANDON, J.P. 1982. Insect-pests of crustosum proved to be very severe barnyard millet.lndian Farming 32(7): seed-borne pathogens causing 63% 36-37. 89% of seedrot. The seed germination was reduced highest (92%) and highest The major insect pests found to to Echinochloa percentage (90%) of seedlings cause economic loss mortality was caused by mixed fungi. frumentacea in hills (India) are described with respect to their 0457 PAWAR, C.P., RATHOD, R.K., nature and extent of infestation.

108 (P<0.01. with the content of whitegrubs, BHC correlation For the control fiber. There was a 10% dust at 125 kg/ha was found quite of crude correlation between IVD effective. Aldrin 5% dust and significant of the fraction and its feed heptachlor 5% dust at 80-100 kg/ha it ions. was also effective. It was compos these recommended to apply insecticides at the time of last ploughing. For the control of Eleusine coracana stemborer and shootfly, endosulfan 35 (Finger Millet) EC and carbaryl 50 WP at 0.1% found effective. concentration were General Number of sprays could be 1-3 depending on time of appearance and 1982. Integrated severity. 0461 BHATT, M.D. Hill Development Project report on summer crops 1981.Pages 171-175 In Maize and finger millet: Ninth Summer Utilization Crops Workshop 1981, 25-29 January 1982, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal: National 0460 CHUN, W.B., and RYU, N.H. Maize Development Program. 1982. Changes in dry matter, feed the composition and digestibility of Describes the objectives of the problems. Japanese millet (Echinochloa project and mentions crus-galli var. frumentacea (Roxb. Dincusses various trials conducted maize variety Wight) during the period of during the year viz., trials, vegetation.(Ko). Korean Journal of trials, finger millet variety intercropping Animal Sciences 24(4): 320-325. 7 farmers field trial, intercropping ref. (Summary:En). maize with soybean, and trial on maize. Results of a done on finger The content of crude protein was systematic survey season are highest at 45 days after seedling, millet during the and decreased rapidly afterwards. presente2d. The content of crude fiber increased J.R., SINGE, greatly from 52 to 59 days after 0462 BIMB, K.K., GREEN, 1982. Summer seeding, and that of NFE did not R.K., and THAPA, H.B. at change through the period of crops trial and extension work Center during vegetation. However, the in vitro Pakhribas Agriculture and dry-matter digestibility (IVD) was 1981.Pages 176-182 In Maize Summer Crops high in the early growing stage, and finger millet:Ninth decreased gradually with ageing. The Workshop 1981, 25-29 January 1982, Nepal. Rampur, rate of increase of the total Parwanipur, Bara, Maize digestible dry matter per 10a was Chitwan, Nepal:National highest at 66th and 73rd day after Development Program. seeding. The content of crude done on protein in the blade fractioi. Extension and research work is described. increased as compared with that of maize and finger millet the Center crude protein in the sheath-stem The extension work at multiplication and fraction in the early growing stage, include seed and but that of crude fiber decreased. collection, seed distribution, Research was There was a significant positive farmers training. various correlation (P<0.01) between IVD of carried out by conducting millet trial was the whole sample by two-stage method trials. Finger and the content of crude protein, and conducted to select a higher yielding and to was a significant negative and earlier maturing variety,

109 test the farmer's response to the Development Program. different types of millet. 0467 SARKAR, S.N. 1982. Summer crops 0463 INDIA:ALL INDIA COORDINATED report for the central development MILLETS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT . 1982. region.Pages 155-161 In Maize and Finger millet - Eleusine finger millet: Ninth Summer Crops coracana.Pages 38-47 In Report Workshop 1981, 25-29 January 1982, 1965-81. New Delhi, India:Indian Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. Rampur, Council of Agricultural Research. Chitwan, Nepal:National Maize Development Program. The research work carried out in India during 1965-81 on finger millet Presents an account on the is reported. The information is importance and performance of summer presented on breeding, agronomy, cereal crops n the Central pathology, entomology and physiology. Development Region. Data on finger millet productivity trend during 0464 INDIA:ALL INDIA COORDINATED 1975/76 to 1980/81 are presented. MILLETS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT . 1982. Progress report on finger millet 0468 SEETHARAM, A. 1982. Finger 1981-82.New Delhi, India:Indian millet improvement.Indian Farming Council of Agricultural Research. 152 32(3): 3-6. PP. Describes the work done on Eleusine The work carried out during 1981-82 coracana under All India Coordinated in different disciplines at various Millets Improvement Project. A finger millet improvement centres large number of high yielding, early, under the All India Coordinated moderate, and late maturing varieties Millets Improvement Project is were identified as promising for described, different regions of the country. Variety PR-203 (Godavari) being the 0465 NEPAL:NATIONAL MAIZE top yielder with wider adaptability. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. 1982. Maize and The identification of varieties and finger millet :Ninth Summer Crops production techno'Logy suitable for Workshop 1981, 25-29 January 1982, rainfed farming, and incorporation of Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. Rampur, resistance to blast and other Chitwan, Nepal: National Maize .diseases need to be further Development Program. 244 pp. investigated.

0466 RAJBHANDARY, G.R. 1982. 0469 SINHA, B.P. 1982. Report of Coordinator's report 1981.Pages 7-14 eastern development region.Pages In Maize and finger millet: Ninth 132-137 In Maize and finger millet: Summer Crops Workshop 1981, 25-29 Ninth Summer Crops Workshop 1981, January 1982, Parwanipur, Bara, 25-29 January 1982, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal: Nepal:National Maize Development National Maize Development Program. Program. Describes the climate, special The report discusses breeding, crops, irrigation projects and varietal improvement and genetic developmental projects of the region. utilization, agronomy and soil, pests Presents data on total area and and diseases, on farm research and coverage under improved practices extension, and seed multiplication under maize ard finger millet. activities of National Maize

110 pyrophosphatase was unaltered in mung bean seedlings. These findings Physiology and Biochemistry indicate a possible correlation among the changes in soluble protein content, acid phosphatase activity 0470 GANESHAIAH, K.N., and and the ability of a plant species to UxASHANKER, R. 1982. Evaluation of withstand water stress. reproductive behaviour in the genus Eleusine.Euphytica 31: 397-404. 12 0472 KANDPAL, R.P., and RAO, N.A. ref. 1982. Water stress induced alterations in the properties of The paper traces shifts in the ornithine aminotransferase from ragi reproductive behaviour as influenced (Eleusine coracana) by the selective pressures of crop leaves.Biochemistry International domestication, in the genus Eleusine, 5(2): 297-302. 9 ref. from the wild species, E. africana to its domesticated form E. coracana. The kinetics of ornithine Among other changes temporal features aminotransferase from normal and of flowering, nature of anthesis and water-stressed ragi (Eleusine dehiscence, the stigma to lemma coracana) leaves was studied in length ratio determining the extent partially purified preparations. of stigma protrusion and the pollen The enzyme from normal leaves grain to ovule ratio as important in exhibited apparent negative changing the breeding behaviours were cooperativity in its interactions viewed as evolutionary responses of with alpha-keto-glutarate and simple plants to their respective ecological hyperbolic saturation pattern with niches. orinithine. However, the enzyme from polyethyleneglycol-treated ragi 0471 KANDPAL, R.P., and RAO, N.A. leaves exhibited apparent negative 1982. Alterations in the amount of cooperativity with both the soluble proteins and activities of subtrates. The enzyme from acid phosphatase and nucleotide water-stressed leaves had a different pyrophosphatabe in ragi (Eleusine temperature activity profile and Ea coracana) and mung bean (Vigna value of 11.5 Kcal as compared to the radiata) seedlings subjected to water Ea value of 9.08 Kcal for the normal stress.Indian Journal of Experimental enzyme. The altered properties of Biology 20: 856-858. 20 ref. ornithine aminotransferase may partly be responsible for the accumulation An appreciable increase in soluble of proline during water stress. proteins during water stress created by polyethylene glycol treatment was 0473 KHANDURI, S.K., CHANDRA, P., observed in ragi (E. coracana). The and PUROHIT, A.N. 1982. Allelopathic increase in soluble proteins was effects of Berberis fruit pulp accompanied by a concomittant leachate on germination of some crop increase in the activities of acid plants.Proceedings of Indian National phosphatase, acid nucleotide Science Academy Part B 48(5): pyrophosphatase and alkaline 694-698. 13 ref. nucleot ide pyrophosphatase. However a converse situation, viz. a decrease Germination and seedling growth of in soluble proteins and decrease in Hordeum vulgare, Eleusine coracana the activities of acid phosphatase and Dolichos biflorus were inhibited and alkaline nucleotide by the fruit pulp extract of pyrophosphatase, was observed in the Berberis. The effect increased with case of water stressed mung bean. increasing concentrat on of the The activity of acid nucleotide leachate and was more marked on root

ill indolebutyric acid (IBA), gibberellic growth. The inhibition of seed and maleic hydrazide (MH) germination was found to be acid (GA3) the activity of peroxidase and associated with inhibition of amylase on oxidase was studied in and acid-phosphatase activity in polyphenol excised leaves of 7-day-old ragi seeds. The acidic fruit pulp lechate general there was a rise contained two phenolic acids one plants. In in peroxidase activity during anthocyanin and one flavonol. senescence which was more in light to dark, and all the growth 0474 KURAR, V.B., and KHAN, P.A. compared further increase in 1982. Effect of insecticides, regulators caused enzyme activity. The point of oxydementon - methyl and dimethoate the in enzyme activity on chlorophyll retention and hydrogen decline to a complete loss of peroxide utilization in ragi corresponded in both light and dark (Eleusine coracana Gaertn. cv PR 202) chlorophyll controls. Catalase and peroxidase leaves during senescence.Indian opposite trends in their Journal of Experimental Biology 20: exhibited activities during senescence. 889-893. 25 ref. Polyphenol oxidase was relatively and insensitive to all Both the insecticides delayed stable senescence in excised leaves at lower treatments. concentrations (10, 20 and 50 mg/l) K.K. 1982. A note on the but caused toxic effects at higher 0476 KUMAR, energy utilized (100, 250, 500, 750 fraction of radiant concentrations 9(3): and 1000 mg/I). However, in intact in evapotranspiration.Geobios 3 ref. leaves lower concentrations of the 135-137. insecticides had no effect on the found that under moist course of senescence but higher It was surface conditions and in the absence concentrations delayed senescence, the ratio between None of the concentrations caused of advection, heat flux and the algebric sum phytotoxicity in intact leaves. The latent radiation and soil heat flux concentrations of the insecticides of net not constant during daytime and capable of retaining chlorophyll had was heat flux was far from no effect on activity of catalase the convective negligible. The experiments were and peroxidase in both excised and in a field of Eleusine intact leaves indicating conducted AKP-2 crop. non-involvement of hydrogen peroxide coracana, turnover in insecticide induced K.K. 1982. Latent and senescence retardation. Protein 0477 KUMAR, heat fluxes in a crop field breakdown was however shifted by the sensible a tropical semi-arid insecticides in excised leaves and at station.Journal of Arid Environment hence the involvement of the 16 ref. insecticides with protein metabolism 5: 255-259. is considered as one of the possible of a study of latcnt and ways by which insecticides may Results sensible heat fluxes in finger millet regulate senescence. field at a semi-arid station are presented. Diurnal and seasonal 0475 KUMAR, K.B., and KHAN, P.A. variations of latent and sensible 1982. Peroxidase and polyphenol heat fluxes are discussed and oxidase in excised ragi (Eleusine during magnitudes of the fluxes during coracana cv PR 202) leaves between of different weekly periods senescence.Indian Journal transplantation and harvest are Experimental Biology 20: 412-416. 21 ref. reported. NATARAJU, S.P. 1982. Effect of Effect of benzyladenine (BA), 0478

112 low light intensity and nitrate increased the seedling emergence in availability on nitrate reductase all the four genotypes of ragi under activity in finger millet (Eleusine field conditions. Surface crust coracana L.) genotypes.M.Sc. thesis, hindered the emergence of seedlings University of Agricultural Sciences, in all the four genotypes. Bangalore, Karnataka, India. 121 pp. Nonetheless, hardening treatment enhanced the seedling emergence even The in vivo leaf nitrate reductase under crust. Pre-sowing seed (NR) activity in ragi genotypes HR treatment induced better growth and 374, PR 202 and PR 1044 was high development in early stages of crop. during early stages of growth. Mean NR activity for entire growth period 0480 SHIMIZU, N., OHSUGI, R., and was high in PR 1044 and HR 374, but MURATA, T. 1982. Varietal during later stages of growth PR 1044 differentiation of early growth in and KM 1 had high NR activity, finger millet (Eleusine coracana) in Nitrate flux showed positive relation to the geographical correlation with NR. When plants distribution.(Ja). Bulletin of the were transferred to low light, both National Grassland Research Institute leaf NR activity and reducing sugar 22: 44-51. 9 ref. (Summary:En). content decreased. Additional supply of nitrate to soil and supply of N03 The varietal differentiation of to excised leaves increased the leaf early growth following emergence was NR activity. Genotypic response, in studied in 55 finger millet cultivars increasing the NR activity due to N originated from Japan, Indian supply, was same whether N was sub-continent and Africa. There was supplied to pots or the excised no correlation between number of leaves. When higher N was supplied, leaves and plant height. Leaf area, genotypes which showed higher stem weight, leaf weight and plant increase in NR activity also top weight were highly and positively accumulated higher DM. Hence correlated with each other. assessment of NR activity may help in Specific leaf drea (SLA) and leaf screening the genotypes for nitrogen weight ratio were scarcely response. correlated with other characters. Principal component analysis based on 0479 PUTTASWAMY, H.C. 1982. Effect correlation matrix was applied to 7 of seed hardening on germination, characters excluding leaf weight initial vigour and seedling emergence ratio which showed small range of of finger millet (Eleusine coracana variation. The scatter diagrams Gaertn) vari.eties.M.Sc. thesis, clearly demonstrated that the University of Agricultural Sciences, cultivars tested can be grouped into Bangalore, Karnataka, India. 84 pp. four types corresponding to such geographical areas as Japan, Indian Seed hardening was found to sub-continent and Africa, and also to increase the germination percentage the pedigree. Seed weight and of all the genotypes of ragi under maturity were scarcely correlated study. Among four varieties, two with the scores of each principal viz., Indaf-6 and Indaf-10 which were component above-mentioned, indicating low in germination and vigour, that the varietal differentiation of responded better for hardening early growth strongly depends on the compared to other two varieties viz., origin and pedigree. PR 202 and local The seedlings of hardened seeds developed longer root 0481 SHIVARAJ, B., RAO, B.N., and and shoot. Pre-sowing treatment also PATTABIRAMAN, T.N. 1982. Natural increased the rate of development of plant enzyme inhibitors. Isolation of root as well as shoot. Hardening a trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitor and

113 it is shown that Eleusine a chymotrypsin/trypsin inhibitor from species contains three basic chromosome ragi (Eleusine coracana) grains by 10. From various affinity chromatography and study of numbers 8,9 and evidences it is suggested their properties.Journal of the lines of original base Science of Food and Agriculture 33: that 9 is the number in the genus. 1080-1091. 21 ref. chromosome 1982. Augmentation Both the inhibitors were capable of 0483 MANN, S.K. ragi germplasm and its inhibiting the caseinolytic and of 1: 5. amidolytic activities of bovine performance.MILWAI Newsletter trypsin whereas the esterolytic the various activity of the enzyme was only Describes of large number of weakly affected. While characteristics collections made Trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitor (TAI) Eleusine coracana growing districts of had no action on chymotrypsin, the from ragi (India). Chymotrypsin/trypsin inhibitor (CTI) Himachal Pradesh exerted an inhibitory effect on the 1982. SINHARDI-a new caseinolytic activities of bovine 0484 RAO, V.R. for the north coastal districts alpha-, beta-, gamma- and ragi Pradesh.MILWAI Newsletter delta-chymotrypsins. Both the of Andhra inhibitors could inactivate the 1: 5. proteolytic actions of bovine as well recorded on an as human crude pancreatic The new variety 3862 kg/ha of grain, a 25% preparatiou,%. TAI showed inhibitory average the current strain act -ity against human pancreatic, increase over released in 1958. SINHARDI porcine panc.reatic and human salivary VZN-2 in rabi season amylase in the ratio of 6.5:5:1. The performs best under irrigation and possible prectical application of (November-March) It is highly TAI for the purification of good management. responsive. It grows upto alpha-amylases by affinity fertilizer 94 cm, tillers better, chromatography is indicated based on a height of number of fingers per head, the demonstration of the dissociation has more are also bigger than VZN-2. of porcine pancreatic amylase from a ear-heads duration is 106 days. Its trypsin-TAI-amylase trimer complex in Its total on an average was 5545 the presence of maltose. The straw yield an increase of 12% over VZN-2. antichymotryptic activity of CTI was kg/ha, notably VR 481 for less stable than its antitryptic Some more cultures and VR 539 and VR 550 activity at high temperature, acidic early kharif kharif under rainfed pH and on treatment with pepsin, for late conditions have proved their superiority over existing strains and are undergoing minikit trial. Genetics and Breeding 0485 RAVEENDRAN, T.S., MEENAKSHI, K., and APPADURAI, R. 1982. Induced mutation in ragi (Eleusine 0482 HIREMATH, S.C., and polygenic Gaertn).Madras CHENNAVEERAIAR, M.S. 1982. coracana (L.) Agricultural Journal 69(10): 637-643. Cytological studies in wild and cultivated species of Eleusine 8 ref. (Gramineae).Caryologia 35(1): 57-69. Two ragi genotypes, MS 2698 (Bihar) 35 ref. were and Sarada (Andhra Pradesh) with N-methy-N-nitroso Eleusine is a small genus currently treated The mean, containing 9 species. From N'-nitroguanidine. variance, heritability and cytological analyses of all nine genetic

114 genetic advance were estimated in the breeding procedure involving for quantitative M2 and M3 generation of these treated hybridization genotypes for seven metrical triats. traits, the progeny of these crosses In genral, the mean values of most of have been utilized to work out the treatments in M2 and M3 did not heritability and gene interaction substantially deviate from the for yield and yield components. control. There was, an increase in Three generations and the parents in the genetic variance both in the M2 each cross were analysed for genetics and M3. The M3 variance of plant of yield and yield components by height was higher than that of M2. adopting generation mean analysis For all the other characters studied, (Hayman, 1958). The results the M3 variance was less than the M2 indicated that the characters number variance. The heritability and of fingers, grain yield, plant height genetic advance values were higher in and days to maturity showed high the treatments than in the control. heritability. Plant height, days to Short duration mutants in Sarada and 50% flowering, days to maturity, bold-seeded mutants in MS 2698 were number of productive tillers, ear obtained as a result of these weight, straw weight and grain yield investigations, were controlled by more than one kind of gene effects except the finger 0486 SARVAIYA, R.B., DESAI, K.B., number and finger length which were and KUKADIA, M.U. 1982. Genetic controlled by additive and dominance variability in ragi.Gujarat alone respectively. The grain Agricultural University Research yield/plant was found to be due to Journal 7(2):113-117. 13 ref. epistatic gene interaction, additive X additive (1) and dominance X To study the extent of variability dominance (1). in the genetic stock of Eleusine coracana maintained at Hill Millet 0488 SINGH, K.M., and MALLA, M.L. Research Station, Waghai (india), 40 1982. Report on finger millet entries were raised. Among the 12 1981.Pages 229-231 In Maize and characters studied, maximum finger millet: Ninth Summer Crops variability was observed for plant workshop 1981, 25-29 January 1982, height (73.53 to 127.07 cm) followed Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. Rampur, by days to flowering (68 to 113), Chitwan, Nepal: National Maize straw weight per plant (7.66 to 43.33 Development Program. gm) and weight of total earheads (9.49 to 33.06 gin). Variance Presents a summary of various components for different characters trials conducted in 1981. These revealed that the genotypic variation include, advanced variety trial, was higher for all the characters and preliminary evaluation trial, farmers environmental component contributed field trial, sowing method trial, smaller share to total variation, relay cropping on different dates of transplanting trial, and minikit 0487 SHANKAR, T.D. 1982. Genetics of trial. It was concluded that yield and yield components in finger recommended varieties Dalle-l and millet following generation mean Okhale-I were high yielding. The analysis.M.Sc. thesis, University of entry NE 6401-26 was also high Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, yielding and to be released for Karnataka, India. 79 pp. general cultivation in mid-hill regions (Nepal). Established lines PES 172, HR 344, HR 23A and MR 5-6 were utilized to 0489 TAMANG, D.B. 1982. Finger develop early productive lines. To millet advanced varietal trial stress and to plan a meaningful 1981.Pages 225-228 In Maize and

115 finger millet: Ninth Summer Crops Workshop 1981, 25-29 January 1982, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal: National Maize 1982. Critical level of magnesium in Development Program. 5 ref. soils.Madras Agricultural Journal 69(9): 567-579. 8 ref. An advanced varietal trial comprising seven entries was Experiments conducted according to conducted to determine the the method of Cate and Nelson (1965) suitability and adaptability of high revealed that 2.3 me/100 g of soil of yielding varieties and strains for I N ammonium acetate (pH- 7.0) summer season. The Rampur local extractable magnesium may be variety was the highest yielding. considered as the critical level in Its open variety had 7-9 fingers Nilgiris soils. Among the soils while closed type variety produced 6 tested under this experiments, fingers. The individual finger of response to applied magnesium could its spike was also quite longer to be expected from localities other yield more. It was highly resistant than Dhavani, Kavaratty and to blast and blight diseases. Kuruthukuli. Eleusine coracana var. Dalle-1 was at par to produce higher C07 was the test crop. grain yield but had lodging tendency and were susceptible to diseases. 0492 MOORTHY, K.K.K., and KOTHANDARAMAN, G.V. 1982. Organic 0490 TAMANG, D.B. 1982. Finger manuring and green manuring in millet initial evaluation trial tropical soils: Indian 1981.Pages 222-224 In Maize and experience.Pages 179-188 In Managing finger millet: Ninth Summer Crops soil resources to meet the challenges Workshop 1981, 25-29 January 1982, to mankind:Twelfth International Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. Rampur, Congress of Soil Science, 8-16 Chitwan, Nepal: National Maize February 1982, New Delhi, India. v. Development Program. 4 ref. 2. New Delhi, India:indian Society of Soil Science. 44 ref. This paper presents the results of an initial evaluation trial for the The importance of organic manuring second year (1981) with fifteen and green manuring for increasing the promising liens. Lines NE 7303-34, NE crop production in tropical soils is 1304-43, NE 1305-40, NE 1304-1 and NE reviewed in this paper, which also 6401-26 were highly susceptible to considers the potential sources of blast, leaf blight and stem rot right different organic manures and their from vegetative growth to flowering nutrient values for crop production. and stage and their yield performance was The influence of organic manures very poor. Rampur local was not only green manures alone and in resistant to such diseases but was combination with inorganic the highest yielder (3967 kg/ha). fertilisers on the yield of various Irrespective of its moderate crops-rice, sorghum, finger millet, susceptibility to leaf blight and wheat, sugarcane, groundnut, pulses, The stem rot, Dalle-I was second highest potato and cotton- is analysed. yielder (3356 kg/ha). results of field experiments conducted on the use of organic manures for these crops indicated that a judicious combination of Soil Science organic manures with inorganic fertilisers increases the yield of many crops in tropical soils. The in improving 0491 MATHAN, K.K.,. and RAO, K.C. role of organic manures

116 the soil physical properties and soil pathogen Helminthosporium 35: fertility is brought out and future nodulosum.Indian Phytopathology lines of research on organic matter 388-392. 7 ref. suggested. In the presence or absence of the 0493 MUNGARE, T.S., and SHINGTE, pathogen, ammonium sulphate and 2,4-D A.K. 1982. Influence of the sprays significantly increased the vegetative cover on run-off and soil actinomycete and fungal population losses in lateritic soils of but completely suppressed the Ratnagiri district.Journal of Azotobac.er population in the Maharashtra Agricultural Universities rhizo~phere. Ammonium sulphate and 7(3): 256-257. 2 ref. 2,4-D sprays encouraged the establishment and multiplication of The cultivation of Cymbopogon H. nodulosum in the rhizosphere while citratus and Dichanthium annulatum on aureofungin, benlate and disodium slopes of lateritic soils markedly hydrogen phosphate sprays suppressed reduced runoff and soil losses and them. A positive correlation between gave 4-yr average herbage yields of stimulation of actinomycetes 2.85 and 1.5 t/ha, respectively, antagonistic to H. nodulosum and Cultivation of Iseilema prostrodum suppression of this pathogen in the was not effective. Groundnut was rhizosphere was recorded. superior to Eleusine coracana and their mixture was superior to both 0496 KRISHNA, K.R., BALAKRISHNA, crops in reducing runoff and soil A.N., and BAGYARAJ, D.J. 1982. lostes; data on their yields are Interaction between a given, yes icular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and Streptomyces cinnamomeous 0494 MUTHUVEL, P., and MOORTHY, and their effects on finger K.K.K. 1982. Influence of soil millet.New Phytologist 92: 401-405. moisture regimes and N levels on N 18 ref. availability.Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 30(4): Growth and phosphorus nutrition of 555-557. 4 ref. finger millet (Eleusine coracana) on a sterile, phosphorus deficient soil Three field and pot experiments was improved by inoculation with were conducted with Eleusine coracana either the vesicular-arbuscular during 1974-75 at Coimbatore (India). mycorrhizal fungus Glomus Soil moisture regime had little fasciculatus or with the effect on the available N status. Streptomyces cinnamomeous. These The available N status, however, micro-organisms interacted increased with the dose of N applied, antagonistically when added The available N level in soil was simultaneuosly or with one 2 the highest at pre-planting stage and weeks after the ether: Streptomyces decreased with crop growth. reduced spore production and development of infection by Glomus, while Glomus reduced the multiplication of Streptomyces. Soil Microbiology Because of this antagonism, dual incoulations stimulated plant growth less than individual inoculations. 0495 BAGYARAJ, D.J., and RANGASWAMI, G. 1982. "izosphere 0497 POWELL, C.L., and BAGYARAJ, microflora of Eleusine ana as D.J. 1982. VA mycorrhizal inoculation influenced by foliar chemicaL sprays of field crops.Proceedings, Annual in the presence and absence of the Conference, Agronomy Society of New

117 irrigation at 50% ASM it Zealand 12: 85-88. 11 ref. whereas with was 23.63 per cent. The highest water (WUE) was observed The agricultural relevance of use efficiency in alternate furrows previously reported V field crop with irrigation (135.7q ks/ha/cm). trials is assessed ..- recent VAM field crop trials in New Zealand and RAJU, K.V., REDDY, India are described. In field 0499 REDDY, G.V., and REDDY, P.M. 1982. Effect trials in southern India, VAM S.R., frequency and nitrogen inoculation in the nursery bed of irrigation on finger millet .Andhra increased the yield of the levels 29(4): 241-246. transplanted crops, finger millet and Agricultural Journal chilli, by more than 50%, equivalent 7 ref. to, or greater than, the response to were conducted in rabi 19 and 75 kg P/ha respectively,. Experiments and 1979 on sandy loam soils at Maize grain yields were increased 15% 1978 (India) to determine optimum by drilling VAM at 400 kg/ha. Tirupati irrigation frequency and nitrogen level of Kalyani finger millet (Eleusine coracana). Four irrigation of irrigation Water Management frequencies (quantity water equal to cumulative evaporation from USWB Class A pan once in 4, 6, and live levels of JAYARAM, Y.N. 1982. Evaluation 8 and 10 days) 0498 (0, 30, 6'), 90 and 120 of different methods of surface nitrogen were rested in split plot irrigation and moisture regimes in kg/ha) the total quantity millet (Eleusine coracana design. Keeping finger water almost constant Gaertn).M.Sc. thesis, Unive '.ty of of irrigation (535-553 mm) high frequency Agricultural Sciences, B.,. ,alore, gave maximum grain yield Karnatal.a, India. 123 pp. irrigation (3,521 kg/ha). Grriu yeild increased with increase in Two moisture regimes (25% and 50% consistently level upto 120 kg/ha. available soil moisture (ASM)) and nitrogen of highest irrigation methods of surface irrigation Combination five and highest level of were tried. The grain yield with frequency resulted in maximum grain irrigation at 50% ASM was 52.51 q/ha nitrogen 4,909 'kg/hao Water-use and it was significantly supericr to yield of highest (6.39 kg/ha at 25% AIr (46.83 q/ha). efficiency was irrigation irrigation frequency. The grain yield in treatments mm) with highest receiving irrigation in flat beds S.R., REDDY, N.R., RAO, (51.61 q/ha) and every furrows (50.29 0500 REDDY, D.S.K., and REDDY, D.S. 1982. q/ha) was significantly higher than on methods of scheduling providing irrigation in broad furrows Studies on moisture extraction in paired row (49.23 q/ha), in irrigation consumptive use in finger alternate furrows alternated at each pattern and Agricultural Journal irrigation (48.73 q/ha) millet.Andhra successive 5 ref. and irrigation in alternate furrows 29(4): 268-271. q/ha). Maximum per cent of (48.52 experiments were conducted water saved with irrigation in Field two rabi seasons (1978 and 197') alternate furrows and alternate for soils of Tirupati furrows alternated a% each successive on sandy loam to study the effect of (41.35 and 40.82 per cent, (India) irrigation scheduling irrigation on respectively). However, these methods of moisture extraction patterns treatments slightly reduced the consumptive use and yield of Eleusine yield. Water was saved with coracana. There was not much irrigation at 25% ASM was 25.09%

118 eifference in moisture extraction weight and grain yield showed a p,)t-ern due to methods of scheduling linear decrease with salinity. irrigation. Consumptive use, Multiple regression equations showed water-use efficiency and grain yield the importance of high population and were relatively high when irrigations low sterility in improving yields. were scheduled based on soil moisture With saline irrigation water, optimum depletion. Simple method of yields could be obtained by scheduling irrigation based on pan increasing population, application of evaporation can be recommended to higher levels of N and P fertilizer, farmers. frequent but light irrigations and using tolerant varieties. 0501 SARMA, D.A., RAJU, K.V., RAMAYYA, B., and SASTRY, P.G. 1982. Influence of saline water irrigation at different growth stages on the Agronomy and Cultivation yield of finger millet .Andhra Agricultural Journal 29(2-3): General 128-131. 2 ref.

Critical stage of saline water 0503 CHAKRAVORTY, S.K. 1982. The new (upto 8 mS/cm) has been studied by trends in the millet cultivation subjecting in the Eleusine coracana crop Orissa.Indian Journal of Agricultural to saline water irrigation at four Economics 37(3): 414-415. growth stages (transplantation to panicle initiation; panicle States that while area and initiation to flowering; flowering to production of finger millet in Orissa harvest and throughout the crop (India) has increased by 224% and growth). Application of saline water 285% respectively since 1950-51, irrigation the throughout the crop growth productivity (yield per unit of period was most harmful. Saline water cropped area) has not improved during irrigation during initial stage of the period. The important reasons transplanting to panicle initiation for such stagnation in productivity was harmful (35 per cent decrease of are discussed. grain yield at 8mS/cm) than saline water irrigation either from panicle 0504 CHAUGALE, D.S., BIRARI, S.P., initiation to flowering or flowering and JAMDAGNI, B.M. 1982. Harvest to maturity, index, biological yield and other characters in ragi.Journal of 0502 SARMA, D.A., RAJU, K.V., RAO, Maharashtra Agricultural Universities D.M.V.P., SASTRY, P.G., and REDDY, 7(3): 237-238. 4 ref. D.R. '982. Improving ragi yields under saline water irrigation.Andhra The studies on sixteen varieties of Agricultural Journal 29(1): 59-62. 8 ragi (Eleusine coracana) revealed a ref. positive correlation of grain yield with harvest index as well as Studies were carried out with biological yield. No significant Eleusine coracana using microplot correlation was observed between technique on light soils of Bapatla biological yield and harvest index. (India) using water of different These three characters exhibited a salinity levels (upto 16 mmhos/cm). considerably high magnitude Establishment of and population of the coefficient of heritability and thus transplanted crop decreased with indicated that selections based on increasing salinity levels. Plant grain yield, harvest index and height, tiller counts, 1000-grain biological yield may be useful in yield improvement programme of ragi.

119 4 ref. 0505 KOGURE, K. 1982. An examination of the relationship between the time of first cutting and the growth and An assessment of phenotypic for yield of early-maturing chemical components of finger millet stability as a summer forage crop.(Ja). varieties of Eleusine coracana made trials Technical Bulletin of Faculty of in the All India Coordinated Agriculture, Kagawa University 33(2): over 19 locations in India revealed and Dibyasinha 81-88. 23 ref. (Suotary:En). that T 25-1 developed in Orissa PES 172 and in Uttar Pradesh The experiments were conducted PES 176 developed under 4 seeding rates of 60, 250, and Co 8 and EC 4847 developed in stable across 500, and 1000 gram per are and 3 Tamil Nadu were times of first cutting (30, 40 and 50 environments tested with moderate coupled with days after sowing time) following mean performance minimum regrowth cutting frequency of 5, 4 regression around unity and of Orissa, PPR and 3, respectively. The high deviation. T 36-B Pradesh density induced the elongation of 1791 and PR 202 of Andhra of Karnataka were plant height and retardation of and HR 374 increase in leaf number and dry better suited to superior Uttar Pradesh varities weight of individual plant. The environments. to enlarged differences of growth VL 204 and VL 7 were suited increment within plant community moderate environments. resulted in the severe decrease in Comparative plant number after 50 days, 0508 NAGARAJU. 1982. of different especially in those of dense seeding study of the performance rate. The forage yield at the time crops during summer in Visvesvaraya tract.M.Sc. thesis, University of first cutting increased Canal Bangalore, accompanying with the growth of Agricultural Sciences, pp. progressed and with increasing Karnataka, India. 111 seeding rates. The carbohydrate at the contents were very low and nitrogen An experiment was conducted summer 1980 to and nitrate contents were very high Mandya (India) during based on at 30 days after sowing time. These find out a suitable crop, and net return. The phenomena were clearly removed at 50 water-use was days sowing time and in the plants of highest yield (52.78 q/ha) followed by ragi regrwoth. The diurnal changes of obtained in paddy of these three contents showed violently (44.21 q/ha). Water requirement (1,430.45 mm) in a day, especially the nitrate paddy was highest (446.2 nitrogen contents concerning the followed by groundnut, ragi and greengram. photosynthesis of plants. mm) cowpea, blackgram, The water saved by growing blackgram, cowpea, ragi 0506 KOGURE, K., and NAGAO, S. greengram, of paddy was 1982. Effects of soil moisture on the and groundnut inplace 69 and 61 per cent, growth and yields of dry matter and 78, 76, 74, efficiency chemical components of finger respectively. Water-use mm) in paddy. millet.(Ja). Report of the Shikoku was lower (3.69 kg/ha (162.54 Branch of the Crop Science Society of Paddy required highest labour by ragi (154.83 Japan 19: 1-6. man days) followed man days) and other crops. The cost cultivation of paddy was Rs, 0507 MALIANNA, K.N., of was Rs. MALLIKARJUNARADHYA, K., GOWDA, 2,648.48/ha, whereas it 2,210.79, 1,921.64, M.V.C., and UMASHANKER, R. 1982. 2,332.50, in Phenotypic stability for yield in 1,909.02 and 1,817.57/ha ragi, blackgram, cowpea finger millet.Indian Journal of groundnut, respectively. Agricultural Sciences 52(3): 151-153. and greengram,

120 considering all the factors An attempt was made to study the particularly water saving and higher effect of light intensity and quality net income obtained, groundnut, using artificial shading technique at greengram and ragi hold promise in Tirupati (India). Maximum grain visvesvaraya Canal area of Mandya and yield of 102.94 g/plot was recorded Mysore districts during summer under in control with no shading. Grain irrigated conditions. yield decreased with increase in shade. When the light reduction was 0509 PATHMANABHAN, G. 1982. Effect 25%, 50%, and 75% the yield decreased of paper mill effluent on growth and 97.1%, 90.7%, and 62.3% of the productivity in groundnut (Arachis control respectively. Shading with hypogea L) and finger millet blue and red colour cloth drastically (Eleusine coracana Gaertn) reduced grain yield. genotypes.Ph.D. thesis, Univeristy of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 0511 SASTRY, K.S.K., KUMAR, M.U., Karnataka, India. 272 pp. and VISWANATH, H.R. 1982. Desirable plant characteristics in genotypes of In sand culture experiments, finger millet (Eleusine coracana irrigation with effluent decreased Gaertn.) foi rainfed the growth and yield considerably in conditions.Proceedings of the Indian all the varieties of both crops. National Science Academy Part B Photosynthetic rate, carboxylating 48(2): 264-270. 10 ref. enzyme activities and nitrate reducatse activity decreased in Varieties of finger millet were plants irrigated with effluent. The grown for the two seasons under effluent contained 45.3 mg/l phenolic rainfed conditions and for one season compounds. Removal of phenolic (Summer) under imposed intermittent substances reduced the inhibitory stress. Growth and yield analysis effects of effluent. In the field revealed that in all the seasons and experiments conducted to assess the when grouped according to duration, a varietal response to effluent significant positive correlation was irrigation, growth and yield in both obtained between shoot dry weight and the species reduced drastically. in yield. Even under intermittent stress finger millet, the total dry matter a similar relationship was observed. was reduced by 35.07% and gram weight Average ear weight per unit area was by 34.59%, when irrigated with significantly correlated with yield effluent. The varieties differed in but not ear number. Under stress the their response to effluent number of late formed tillers irrigation. In finger millet, enhanced but their contribution to Indaf-7 and PR 202X927/5-4-4 were yield was less. It is suggested that tolerant and susceptible, high dry matter production, lesser respectively. Application of higher leaf area coupled with higher doses of potassium, and application photosynthetic efficiency and larger of Fe, Zn and seed hardening average ear weight are desirable treatments as ameliorative measures, features in finger millet genotypes enhanced the growth and productivity suited to rainfed conditions. under effluent irrigated conditions.

0510 REDDY, G.S., REDDI, G.H.S., REDDY, M.N, and LOHIDAS, T. 1982. Fertilizers and Plant Nutrients Effect of light intensity and quality on grain yield of finger millet.Andhra Agricultural Journal 0512 GAUTAM, R.C., and KAUSHIK, 29(4): 314-315. 1 ref. S.K. 1982. Fertilizer nitrogen requirement of finger millet.Indian

121 different soils. Uptake was Journal of Agronomy 27(3): 263-266. inversely proportional to the 3 ref. the amount of truog phosphate in soils and was higher on clay An experiment was conducted at New than sandy loam soil. Uptake was Delhi (India) during kharif seasons greatest when fertilizer was placed of 1978 and 1980 to determine the the surface of the soil and fertilizer nitrogen requirement of near when placed on he subsoil. millet (Eleusine coracana) least finger soil truog phosphate ieached 50 north-Indian conditions. The When under 100 g soil, P205 fertilizers did comprized 4 levels of mg/ treatments not affect crop P uptake. nitrogen and 3 varieties. 'PES-8' to and 'BR-407' were found superior 0515 MATHAN, K.K., and RAO, K.C. 'PES-176' with regard to grain 1982. Influence of magnesium production. However, variation in application in combination with stover yield were not well m i!:kd potassium and lime on the yield of the varieties tried. ' .cer among ragi (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) in millet responded significantly .Lo acid soils.Madras Agricultural 60 kg N/ha under rainfed cond-' ons. Journal 69(3): 159-170. 19 ref. The mean economic optimum leve" )f N worked out to be 75 kg N/ was A pot culture study with sixteen (combination of two levels R.C., GOWDA j.K.L., treatments 0513 GAUTAM, two levels of K20 and four 3 .. 1982. of lime, PATIL, R.R., and KAUSHIK, was conducted millet levels of magnesium) Nitrogen requirement of finger Coracana agro-climatic with CO 7 ragi (Eleusine at different as t,_2 test crop. The Journal of Agronomy Gaertn.) centres.Indian results indicated that application of 27(4): 344-346. 3 ref. magnesium at the rate 50 kg Mg/ha was the optimum in increasing the yield. The results of the multi-locational 15.14 per period Ragi yield was increased by trials conducted during the both the the cent. However quadratic in 1974-75 to 1980-81 showed that soils liming depressed the yield. nitrogen requirement of rainfed in the kg Under high calcium content finger millet ranged between 37-70 soil, lower availability of magnesium N/ha with a response to per kg N and phosphorus was observed. between 6-23 Kg grain/ha and net Potassium did not influence the ragi return on rupee investment on N being yield. Top/root ratio indicated that Rs. 0.55-4.77. The research centres root was affected more intensely by around Bangalore in Karnataka and Soil be magnesium than the tops. union territory of Delhi appear to variations in their response to for growing rainfed finger and suitable application of magnesium, lime millet. potassium were significant. Titukkal soil. M., soil was better than Doddabetta 0514 KITAMURA, H., IMAIZUMI, IMURA, I. 1982. Effect of and OK MATHAN, l(.K., and RAO, K.C. phosphate applied to 0516 fertilizer The content and uptake of crops on phosphate 1982. upland field (Eleusine coracana I. Uptake of magnesium by ragi accumulated soils. by soil type in the early Gaertn.) as influenced fertilizer phosphate of magnesium, crops.(Ja). Research and application grcwth stage of and lime.Madras of the Aichi-ken potassium Bulletin A-ricultural Jouranl 69(4): 234-242. Agricultural Research Center 14: 9 ref. 271-277. 15 ref. (Summary:En). uptake of by Magnesium content and Phosphace fertilizer uptake positively on root and shoot were finger millet was studied

122 correlated with their corresponding wast close association between hill, fingers root and shoot yield. At MgO level productive tillers per liming increased Mg uptake by the per ear, ear weight and grain yield. crop while at other levels liming decreased Mg uptake. Likewise at KO 0519 REDDY, M.G.R., RAO, P.G., RAO, level Mg increased the Mg uptake Y.H., REDDY, P.R., and RAO, M.A. while at K1 level Mg application 1982. Effect of nitrogen on finger decreased Mg uptake. What may be millet on sandy soils of called a one-way competition with the Baptla.Andhra Agricultural Journal uptake of Mg (magnesium being reduced 29(4): 309-310. 3 ref. by an increase in nutrient K whereas D absorption was hardly affected by An experiment was conducted on low the presence of nutrient Mg) was also fertility and low water holding noticed in the present study. capacity sandy soils of Baptla (India) to study the response of 0517 RANGAMANNAR, K.T.V., and RAO, Eleusine coracana to five levels of R.S. 1982. Performance of finger nitrogen (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 millet under different levels of kg/ha). The results indicated that nitrogen and spacings.Andhra grain yield increased by 541, 856, Agricultural Journal 29(4): 292-292. 1095 and 1179 kg/ha with 20, 40, 60, 5 ref. 80 kg N/ha respectively as compared to control. Performance of three finger millet varieties was tested at three levels 0520 REDDY, S.N. 1982. Influence of of nitrogen and three spacings in graded levels of fertilizers on kharif. Highest grain yield of 4011 moisture use efficiency of ragi and kg/ha was obtained with C07. Nitrogen maize under rainfed conditions.M.Sc. at 68 kg/ha was optimum (4160 kg/ha). thesis, University of Agricultural Closer spacing of 10 x 10 cm Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, resulted in highest grain yield. India. 103 pp.

0518 RAO, Y.H., REDDY, T.B., REDDY, An experiment was conducted during T.Y., and REDDI, G.H.S. 1982. Effect the kharif, 1980 at Hebbal, of different levels of nitrogen, Bangalore, India, to find out the phosphorus and potassium on growth influence of different doses of N and and yield of finger millet.Andhra P on moisture use efficiency, uptake Agricultural Journal 29(1): 37-41. 6 of nutrients and yield of ragi and ref. maize crops under dryland conditions. Application of N and P Studies conducted, to find out enhanced the yield and it was maximum optimum requirement of nitrogen, at 75 kg/ha N and 90 kg/ha P phosphorus and potassium for kalyani application in the case of ragi. ragi on sandy loam soils during 1973 Uptake of N, P and K nutrients by rabi and 1974 kharif revealed that ragi and maize from soil followed the increase in nitrogen level resulted increasing trend. P enhanced the in progressive increase in plant uptake of nutrients, but height, productive tillers per hill, statistically insignificant, whereas fingers per ear, ear weight, grain treatments significantly influenced and straw yields. Phosphorus, the uptake. The uptake of these two potassium and their interactions had nutrients was ,aximum in case of no effect either on growth and yield grain followed by straw and root in attributes studied or on grain and both ragi and maize. In case of K, straw yields. Grain and straw yields uptake was maximum by straw followed were high during rabi due to higher by grain and root. Ragi crop weekly mean sunshine hours. There utilized the available N and K to the

123 maximum extent contrary to P which three years at Almora (India). was not utilized in proportion to Inclusion of legumes in the sequences that of N and K. Moisture use enhanced the availability of plant efficiency in ragi was maximum at 75 nutrients. Soybean - wheat sequence kg/ha N and 90 kg/ha P. showed an increase of 260 kg N/ha over ragi - wheat sequence while the 0521 SUBBIAH, S., RAMANATHAN, K.M., angularis - wheat and gahat - wheat FRANCIS, H.J., KUMAR, R.S., and sequences recorded an increase of 254 KOTHANDARAMAN, G.V. 1982. Influence kg and 250 kg N/ha over ragi - wheat of nitrogenous fertilizers with and sequence respectively. without neem cake blending on the yield of finger millet (Eleusine 0523 TRUTHAYARAJ, M.R., and coracana Gaertn).Journal of the KUNASEKARAN, V. 1982. Fertilisation Indian Society of Soil Science 30(1): in cotton based crop 37-43. 12 ref. rotation.Agricultural Science Digest 2(0): 17-20. 4 ref. In a field experiment neem cake treated ammonium sulphate and urea In a sorghum/finger millet treatments significantly increased (Eleusine coracana)/cotton crop the grain and straw yield of finger sequence, application of N at 67.5 millet over untr.!ered ones. The kg/ha (75% of the recommended rate) uptake by N and P were higher ir the to sorghum, 90 kg/ha (100%) to finger neem cake treated plots. Potaosium millet and 30 kg/ha (50%) to cotton uptake decreased with increase in gave the highest yields. the levels of N applied. Among the different levels tried, higher grain 0524 PRASAD, M.G. 1982. and straw yield of finger millet were Intercropping in finger millet recorded when N was applied @ 90 kg (Eleusine coracana Gaertn) with N/ha with or without neem cake. The soybean and lucerne.M.Sc. thesis, net profit also .ncreased with neem University of Agricultural Sciences, cake blended anmtonium sulphate and Bangalore, Karnataka, India. urea application. An experiment was conducted at Bangalore (India) during kharif 1980 to study the compatibility of soybean Farming Systems and lucerne with different planting patterns (alternate and skip row planting) and the effect of 0522 BHRIGUVANSHI, S.R., TANDON, additional phosphorus fertilizer to J.P., and PRASAD, K. 1982. Nitrogen the intercrops @ 30 kg P205/ha on the economy in wheat grown after growth and yield of main and different legumes as compared to ragi intercrops. Pure crop of finger (Eleusine coracana) under rainfed millet sown at 45 cm gave condition.Page 42 In Abstracts, significantly higher yield 1,944 Forty-seventh Annual Convention kg/ha) which was at par with finger Indian Society of Soil Science, 2-4 millet intercropped with soybean in October 1982, Nagpur, Maharashtra, skipped rows but without additional P India. Nagpur, Maharashtra, (1,918 kg/ha). The straw yield was India:Indian Society of Soil Science. also practically equal (3,805 and 3,718 kg/ha, respectively). However, Nitrogen economy in wheat grown soybean yield was low (102 kg/ha). after different legumes as compared The maximum yield of both grain and to ragi (Eleusine coracana) was straw of finger millet was obtained studied in a field experiment when lucerne was intercropped in conducted under rainfed condition for skipped rows of finger millet with

124 Ninth Summer Crops additional P to the intercrop (1,555 finger millet: 25-29 January 1982, and 3,039 kg/ha, respectively). The Workshop 1981, total N, P and K uptake was higher Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. Rampur, Nepal:National Maize with intercropping of soybean in Chitwan, skipped rows. Development Program. 11 ref. two years work 0525 PRASAD, M.V.S. 1982. An The result of of analysis of farming systems with revealed that the local method coracana) reference to cropping pattern, maize and millet (Eleusine profitability and behavioural intercropping is the best planting characteristics of farmers of the arrangement (of this combination) as southern dry zone of Karnataka.M.Sc. compared to that of different row of maize thesis, University of Agricultural arrangements. Local method Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, and millet intercroppping gave the India. 204 pp. highest yield advantage (LER - 1.52 in 1980 and 1.60 in 1981) and and 0526 RAO, M.V., JHA, K.P., MOORTHY, monetary advantage (Ro. 4867.20 B.T.S., and MANDAL, B.K. 1982. Rs. 3484.59 in 1980 and 1981 Intercropping greengram and groundnut respectively). The experiment also with rice and finger millet in the revealed that intercropping disease rainy season and the feasibility of a environment minimizes the second crop in winter on rainfed occurance in millet. The combined gave uplands of coastal Orissa.Indian yield of different intercrops Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5-25% higher yield returns and 52(10): 657-664. 7 ref. involved less risk than cultivating a monocrop. The result also revealed Studies on intercropping legumes, that millet transplanted according to i.e., greengram and groundnut, with local method gave 10% higher yield rice and finger millet (Eleusine over line planted millet as line sown coracana) were conducted in the rainy millet was found susceptible to seasons of 1975 to 1979 at Cuttack lodging and diseases. (India) on a typical upland rainfed soil. There was an increase in total grain yield, land-equivalent ratio and monetary return by intercropping Weeds and Weed Control greengram and groundnut in rice and finger millet compared with sole cropping of rice in normal 0528 GAUR, R.D., NAUTIYAL, S., and years. Even in a drought year (1979), CHANDRA, P. 1982. Studies on weeds of intercropping legumes with finger Eleusine fields in relation to soil millets or sole cropping of finger nature.Indian Forester 108(01): millet was distinctly advantageous, 708-711. 6 ref. (Summary:Hi). whereas sole cropping of rice virtually failed. For monetary Total 50 species of angiosperms of returns per hectare, performance of constituted the weed flora the winter-season crops grown on Eleusine crop in the present study. residual moisture was in the order: Weeds were causing mineral and salt safflower, blackgram, lentil, Indian deficiency as the carbon phosphorous in mustard and niger. potassium level were below normal most of the investigated soil their 0527 SEN, C.K., and STHAPIT, B.R. samples. This also indicated 1982. Study on the intercropping of efficient absorption of nutrient from finger millet under maize crop in the the soil declining productivity to western hills of Nepal the soil to the crop and probably to (1980-81).Pages 119-131 In Maize and representing greater adaptation

125 the weed plants in deficient nature no deleterious effect on transplanted was significantly of the soil. ragi seedlings and superior to 2 hand weedings in grain yields. MSMA at 0529 LALL, M., and YADAV, L.N.S. increasing were 1982. Crucial time of weed removal in 2.24 kg and MCPA at 1.5 kg/ha finger millet.Indian Journal of Weed less effective. Science 14(2): 85-88. 4 ref. 0532 PRAKASH, V., SINGH, S.P., and 1982. Critical period of Experiments conducted to identify TANDON, J.P. in ragi the critical period of crop-weed crop-weed competition coracana G) and barnyard competition in finger millet revealed (Eleusine that the period from 25 to 45 days millet (Echinochloa frumentacea Abstracts of papers, after sowing was most crucial to Linn).Page 19 In Society provide weed free condition to the Annual Conference of Indian 1982. crop and delay in weed removal beyond of Weed Science, 45 days after sowing resulted in and barnyard dacreased grain yields. Weeding Trials with ragi conducted during the operations done earlier than 25 days millet were seasons of 1979-81 after sowing affected the crop yields kharif (monsoon) the critical period for adversely and the weed free to determine Reductions in conditions extended beyond 45 days crop-weed competition. grain yields without weed after sowing did not give any average 30, 45, 60 or 75 additional advantage. Instead control for the 1st sowing or throughout the repeated weedings done to provide days after 59, 67, 74 and weed free conditions for the longer growth period were 24, and 23, 67, 81, 98 and duration caused adverse effect on 77% in ragi respectively. grain yield. 98% in barnyard millet, When weed-free conditions were 30, 45, H.V., and LOSMANI, maintained only for the lst 0530 NANJAPPA, sowing, the M.M. 1982. Chemical weed control in 60 or 75 days after yields were 41, 23, 17 finger millet.Indian Journal of Weed reductions in 25, 14 and Science 14(2): 127-130. 4 ref. and 16% in ragi and 41, 6% in barnyard millet, respectively. le-,els showed a Neburon at 1 kg a.i./ha The production with increasing pre-emergence or 2,4-D Na at 1 kg progressive decline and also the losses a.i./ha post-emergence, each in delay in weeding weedings were combination with 2 hand weedings, were greater when the However, the most gave effective control of weeds in stopped early. occurred within the finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and severe reduction after sowing which is resulted in grain yield of 2.07 and Ist 30-45 days crop-weed 1.73 t/ha, respectively, compared the critical period of these crops. with 2.56 t on weed-free plots and competition in 1.53 t without weed control. 0533 REDDY, G.B., REDDY, C.N., S.M., and MURTHY, Y.V.N. 0531 PATRO, G.K., and TOSH, G.C. KONDAP, weed control in Herbicidal - cum - cultural 1982. Chemical 1982. millet.Indian on weed control in ragi transplanted finger approach Science 14(2): (Eleusine coracana Gaertn).Page 29 In Journal of Weed 6 ref. Abstracts of papers, Annual 121-123. Conference of Indian Society of Weed at 0.25 kg Science, 1982. Application of simazine a.i. or alachlor at 2 kg a.i./ha 2 before transplanting Eleusine Propanil at 2.24 kg./ha days or 2,4-D Na at post-emergence was very effective coracana seedlings kg a.i./ha 20 days after against all dominant weeds, caused 0.5-1

126 transplanting gave effective weed sporulation of Pyricrlaria oryzae and control and resulted in grain P. grisea on heat treated ragi yields of 2.13, 2.31 and 2.47-2.54 leaves.Annals of the t/ha, respectively compared with 2.47 Phytopathological Society of Japan t on weed free plots and 0.72 t 48(5): 578-584. 13 ref. without weed control. (Summary:Ja). When leaves of Eleusine coracana were treated for 10 or 15 sec. at 55 Pathology deg C in water before inoculation, Pyricularia oryzae and P. grisea General exhibited the pathogenicity. The induced-susceptibility was manifested by the presence of sporulating 0534 MANN, S.K., and SHARMA, A. lesions on leaves treated at the 1982. Impact of yellow leaf spot higher heat dosage and by the disease on the physiomorphology and increased size of necrotic lesions. yield of Eleusine coracana (L.) rhenomena associated with Gaertn.Pages 265-270 In Improvement heat-induced susceptibility, lesion of forest biomass (ed. P.K. Khosla). formation and sporulation on lesions Solan, India: Indian Society of Tree disappeared within 24 to 48 hr after Scientists. heat treatment.

0535 PANDEY, K.N. 1982. Antifungal 0537 RANGANATHIAH, K.G., and RAO, activity of some medicinal plants on A.N.S. 1982. Seed treatment of finger stored seeds of Eleusine millet against Helminthosporiose and coracana.Indian Phytopathology 35: blast disease.Indian Journal of 499-501. 5 ref. Mycology and Plant Pathology 12(3): 319-320. 3 ref. The antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Datura alba and Cannabis Eleusine coracana seeds of sativa on the seed mycoflora of varieties Indaf-i and Indaf-3 were Eleusine coracana was studied using collected and treated with seeds stored for one year. In all, 25 Panoctine-R at 2 ml/kg of seed at 10 fungal species were found associated. locations in Bangalore (India). The Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and results indicated that Panoctine-R Drechslera rostrata were dominant seed treatment increased the yield species. Leaf extracts of both the in 9 out of 10 locations with an plants efficiently reduced the seed average increase of 5.57%. mycoflora and their population at Panoctine-R was suggested as good each concentration. Apart from alternatives seed fungicide for the controlling the seed mycoflora, a mercurials which have hazarduous higher seed germination was also effects. recorded after the treatments. A 100% seed germination was recorded in 0538 RAO, A.N.S. 1982. Estimation of seeds treated with 20% leaf extracts crop loss in finger millet (Eleusine of D. alba. coracana (L) Gaertn) due to blast disease (Pyricularia grisea Sacc).Ph.D. thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Blast Karnataka, India.

Crop loss estimates were made by 0536 ARASE, S., NITTA, H., and different techniques. The ITOI, S. 1982. Lesion development and relationship between disease

127 control of finger millet at different intensity chemical incidence Journal of Mycology and levels and the yield were also blast.Indian Plant Pathology 12(3): 317-318. 5 studied. By single (main) tillers, a loss of 54% in grain yield and 21% ref. resulted in a total in processing were conducted at effective loss of 64 per cent. And Field experiments Hebbal (India) in the kharif season by using pairs of tillers, a linear and 1978 to find out the relationship between yield and of 1977 of different fungicides at different levels was performance infection control of Pyricularia established graphically. Per cent for the grisea. The fungicides included losses in the different yield copper oxychloride and components in the five categories of edifenphos, It wAs found that finger infection were obtained. An captafol. 0.2% was relatively avoidable crop loss of 29.51% was captafol effective in the control of the found by paired-plot technique and and increased the yield. An from the regression values obtained disease increase of 9.47% in yield it was hypothetically concluded that average control was obtained in adaptive 1.11% neck infection and 1.53% finger over trials treated with captafol. infection would together cause a field loss of 5% in the yield. A SAKSENA, H.K., SINGH, M., loss of 32% with disease incidence in 0541 SINGH, R.P., TRIPATHI, R.C., and neck and finger in the protected and T.N. 1982. Chemical control unprotected plots varying from 0.45 SHUKIA, of blast disease of mandua (ragi) to 3.37 per cent and 1.27 to 10.20 by Pyricularia setariae.Indian per cent, respectively was observed caused of Mycology and Plant a regulated incidence level Journal in, 12(2): 230-231. 2 ref. experiment- Pathology control trials were RAO, A.N.S., and HEGDE, R.K. Chemical 0539 at Kanpur (India) for 3 1982. Estimation of avoidable crop conducted evaluate the efficacy of in finger millet (Eleusine years to loss fungicides. A highly coracana) due to blast (Pyricularia different susceptible variety of Eleusine grisea).Indian Journal of Mycology T-36 B was the test crop. and Plant Pathology 12(1): 99-100. coracana, All the fungicides were superior in (Abstract). reducing disease intensity. Maximum control was obtained with To estimate avoidable crop loss in disease followed by Kitazin and Eleusine coracana due to blast, crop Hinosawi Dithane M-45. Ziram was found to be was sown in a plot fully protected effective among all fungicides. with a fungicide (mancozeb) and in a least Hinosan (0.1%) 3-4 sprayings at 15 non-protected plot. The mean yields intervals was recommended to the of protected and non-protected plots days cultivators for the control of were 3844.98 kg/ha and 2705.34 kg/ha respectively indicating an avoidable disease. crop loss of 29.51%. The relationship for the reduction in the crop yield with disease incidence was Diseases linear. The cost-benefit analysis Nematode also showed that observed crop loss was greater than the percent yield NARAYANASWAMY, B.C., GOWDA, loss necessary to pay for the cost of 0542 D.N., and SETTY, K.G.H. 1982. disease control. Heterodera gambiensis (Nematoda: a new cyst farming A.N.S., CHENNAMMA, K.A.L., Heteroderidae): 0540 RAO, on finger millet from and REDDY, l.R. 1982. Progress in nematode

128 Karnataka, India.Journal of Soil and Cacoecia sp. were also recorded Biology and Ecology 2(2): 90-91. 3 feeding on developing grains and ref. causing damage.

Heterodera gambiensis was observed on Eleusine coracana in Karnataka, India. This is the first record of Chemical Composition this species from India.

0543 PRASAD, K.S.K., and 0545 NATH, M., and SANWAL, G.G. KRISHNAPPA, K. 1982. Occurrence of 1982. Ciemical composition of kotu Heterodera gambiensis Merney and and maduwa flour.Indian Journal of Netscher, 1976 from India.Indian Agricultural Chemistry 15(1): 85-89. Journal of Nematology 12(2): 405. 1 17 ref. ref. Kotu. (Fagopyrum esculentum) and Heterodera gambiensis is reported maduwa (Eleusine coracana) flours from Eleusine coracana and were analysed for carbohydrate, Dactyloctenium aegyptiount from protein, lipid and nitrogen Karnataka, India. components. Carbohydrate constituted 55.3% and 78.9% respectively in kotu and maduwa flour. The protein content was 13.5% and 5.9% while Entomology lipid was 8.0 and 6.0% respectively in kotu and maduwa. Crude fiber constituted 2.5% and moisture was 0544 NAGESHCHANDRA, B.K. 1982. around 1.0% in both kotu and maduwa Insects in ragi production.Presented flour. Ash value was 7.5 and 5.0% at the All India Coordinated Millets respectively in kotu and maduwa Improvement Project Workshop, 26-28 flour. Chlorophyll was 0.1% in kotu April 1982, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, while it was absent in maduwa. The India. 2 pp. DNA to RNA ratio was 1:6 in kotu flour. The total phosphate in kotu The important insect pests of ragi flour constituted 0.84% while (Eleusine coracana) observed in inorganic phosphate was 0.44%. Karnataka (India) are described. Among six species of leafhoppers 0546 WANKHEDE, D.B., and DEVI, S.U. recorded on this crop, two species 1982. Preparation and some viz. Cicadulina bipunctella physicochemical properties of bipunctella and C. chinai were found pyrodextrins of ragi, wheat, jowar to be vectors of ragi mottle streak. and rice starches.Starch/Starke Empoascanara indica was also found in 34(5): 162-165. 18 ref. abundence on the seedlings. The ragi (Summary:De). aphid, Hysteroneura setaria was found occurring on both nursery and main Eleusine coracana, wheat, sorghum crop, infesting the leaves, stem and and rice starches (moisture content shoots. Four dust formulations viz. 8% + 2%) were dextrinized in the carbaryl 5% endosulfan 4%, phenthoate absence of any added catalyst at 200 4%, and phosalone 4% (at 15 kg/ha) deg C + 5 deg C. The changes in the and 3 EC formulations viz. physicochemical properties of phosphomedon, dimethoate and dextrins during pyrodextrinization monocrotophos (at 0.03 a.i.) were process were investigated. The highly significant in controlling the results of the present aphids over control. Two earhead investigation revealed that the catterpillars, Heliothis armigera progressive increase in the

129 The study revealed that severity Of solubility, reducing power and alkali acidos is increased with the increase ability values while considerable in the level of ragi feeding decrease in beta-amyIolysis limit and during 40 g and 60 g dose iodine affinity values of except feeding where many parameters showed pyrodextrins could be correlated to changes. The overall the initial hydrolysis, increase in similar changes observed were decrease in the degree of branching during pH, decrease to absence of transglycosidation and elaboration of rumen rumen protozoa, reduction in urine thermal degraded products during the haemoconcentration and pyrodextrinization of starches. pH, lacticacidaemia, decrease in alkali reserve, hypochloraemia, hypokalaemia and hyponitrae ia. The common Utilization clinical signs exhibited were dullness, depression and anorexia, watery diarrhoea Feeds whitish to blackish and polypnoea. The observed ruminal acidosis was reversible in all the group II where R.D., three groups except in 0547 BHUTIA, P.N., KATIYAR, one calf died at about 40 h after and PAL, R.N. 1982. Note on the feeding. However, there were no growth response on White Yorkshire depths in 60 g/kg level. The calves pigs fed on chhang (local brewery became completely normal by 24-72 hrs. waste of Eleusine coracana) in the hills of Sikkim.Indian Journal of S., and SHURPALEKAR, Animal Sciences 52(6): 470-472. 4 0549 KANCHANA, K.S. 1982. Influence of ragi ref. (Eleusine coracana) husk on the growth and body composition of albino The maximum monetary profit of rats.Nutrition Reports International 76.17% was obtained when the pigs 25(): 205-212. 9 ref. were reared on 40 parts concentrate mixture and 60 parts of chhang (local Effect of incorporation of 8% ragi brewery waste of Eleusine coracana) husk in diets containing 9 ur 18% waste, but the excellent meat protein on nitrogen utilization, quality was obtained when 40 parts of growth and body composition of albino chhangs mixed with 60 parts of rats was studied. Though at both the concentrate were fed. It was of protein presence of ragi that chhang waste can be levels concluded better growth, the fed to pigs upto 60 parts husk promoted profitably in weight was Lesser growth difference in the gain of the total ration. only when chhang waste statistically significant rate was recorded when protein. in the diets contained 9% incorporated ration was fed N-retention was higher though comparison to the standard ration Percent not statistically significant on 9% without chhang. protein diets containing ragi hush than on the corresponding control. 0548 HANUMANTHAIAH, K. 1982. Protein content of the carcass of Experimental rumen acidosis in rats fed diets containing ragi husk buffalo calves.M.Sc. thesis, was higher than the control group at University of Agricultural Sciences, both the protein levels. The results Bangalore, Karnataka, India. 94 pp. indicate that ragi husk at 8% level in the diet does not affect adversely The effect of 3 levels of ragi the growth rate and the carcass N feeding (20, 40 and 60 g/kg body content of albino rats. weight) on ruminal fluid, blood composition and urine was studied.

130 gibberlic acid and kilning temperature on the activity of Food products important brewing enzymes and (c) an appraisal of the brewing potential of the worts obtained. FI, SA and SI 0550 MALLESHI, N.G., and malts were considered unsuitable as DESIKACHAR, H.S.R. 1982. Formulation barley malt extenders for of a weaning food with low hot-paste conventional lager beers, but FI and viscosity based on malted ragi possibly SI malts would be suitable (Eleusine coracana) and green gram for tropical lager beer manufacture. (Phaseolus radiatus).Journal of Food Science and Technology 19: 193-197. 0552 SAONO, J.K.D., HOSONO, A., 22 ref. TOMOMATSU, A., KATOH, K., and MATSUYMA, A. 1982. Ragi and its Ragi (Eleusine coracana) and green utilization for manufacture of gram (Phaseolus radiatus) were fermented foods in Indonesia.(Ja). steeped in water for 16 hr, and Journal of Japanese Society of Food germinated for 48 and 24 hours Science and Technology 29(11): respectively, dried and powdered 685-692. 26 ref. after removal of the vegetative portion and bran. Refined ragi flour was mixed with green gram flour in Panicum milieceum the ratio of 70:30 to produce a malted weaning food (MWF). (Common Millet, Proso Millet) Significant increase in amylase activity and decrease in paste General viscosity occurred with progressive germination of ragi and green gram. 0553 ANONYMOUS. 1982. Witchgrass Ragi showed higher enzymic and (Panicum miliaceum).(Es). Bolsa de viscosity changes than green gram. Cereales. Numero Estadistico Hot paste viscosity of MWF was much (Argentina). pp. 176-189. lower than that of several proprietary brands of weaning food 0554 INDIA:ALL INDIA COORDINATED manufactured in India. Reduction of MILLETS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. 1982. the paste viscosity of weaning foods Proso millet - Panicum marketed in India can be effected by miliaceum.Pages 59-61 In Report the use of barley malt flour. 1965-81. New Delhi, India:Indian Council of Agricultural Research. 0551 gOUT, M.J.R., and DAVIES, B.J. 1982. Malting characteristics of Presents a summary of the research finger millet, sorghum and vork done on this crop during barley.Journal of the Institute of 1965-81. The main areas covered Brewing 88(3): 157-163. 36 ref. include varietal development, sowing time, sowing dates in relation to The malting characteristics of the plant population, response to NPK, finger millet variety Imele (FI), screening for resistance, oeed sorghum varieties Andivo (SA) and dressing, effect of micronutrients, Ingumba (SI) and the barley variety seed microflora, epidemiological Research (BR) were compared in studies, screening for shootfly and relation to the brewing of fungicidal control of shootfly. traditional African opaque beer as well as conventional lager beer. The 0555 INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL investigations include (a) the effect RESEARCH. 1982. Proso or common of steeping and germination millet - Panicum miliaceum L.Pages conditions, (b) the influence of 77-90 In Minor millets improvement:

131 third progress report and by 2-amino-4-methoxy-3-butenoic first inhibitor January-December 1981. New Delhi, acid. The India:Indian Council of Agricultural reacted with pyridoxal 5-phosphate, could be reversed Research. and its inhibition by the exchange of the modified binds Presents information on genetic coenzyme. The second inhibitor resources, varietal improvement, not only to the coenzyme pyridoxal also to the management of inputs, disease 5-phosphate, but management and pest management in apoprotein. The results of the and reconstitution Panicum miliaceum. dissociation experiments were in agreement with the kinetic data, showing that the Taxonomy and Geographic mode of inactivation was different for 2-amino-oxyacetic acid and Distribution 2-amino-4-methoxy-3-buteno ic acid. S.C. 1982. 0556 HANELT, P., HAMER, K., 0558 DU, S.H., and FANG, SCHULTZE-MCTEL, J., and KULPA, W. Uptake of elemental mercury vapor by and 1982. Catalogue of indigenous taxa C3 and C4 species.Environmental 437-443. of cultivated plants collected 1978 Experimental Botany 22(4): in the PR Poland.(De). Kulturpflanze 13 ref. 30: 215-244. 28 ref. (Summary:En). Increase in Hg vapour increased temperature The material of cultivated plants concentration, increase collected during a mission to and illumination showed an of Hg vapour by southern regions of PR Poland in 1978 in the uptake Panicum is described botanically. It is Digitaria sanguinalis and inverse correlation represented mainly by land-races and miliaceum. An of old varieties. Morphologically very exists between the logarithm and vapour variable populations of land races mesophyll resistance in were observed especially in Triticum uptake. Vapour uptake was higher plants under similar aestivum, Panicum miliaceum and C3 than C4 Phoseolus vulgaris. conditions.

0559 FOSTER, J.G., and EDWARDS, G.E. 1982. Polypeptide composition of isolated from Physiology and Biochemistry envelope membranes chloroplasts of C3, C4 and CAM plants.Plant Physiology 69(4, suppl): 0557 BALKOW, C., and WILDNER, G.F. 133. (Abstract). 1982. Aspartate aminotransferases of were Panicum miliaceum L. and Panicum Chloroplast envelopes (C3) Panicum antidotale Retz: inactivation ind isolated from spinach C4), reconstitution.Planta 154: 477-484. miliaceum (NAD-malic enzyme (NADP-malic 25 ref. Digitaria sanguinalis enzyme C4), Kalanchoe daigremontiana CAM), and from L-Aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate (constitutive crystallinum transaminase was isolated and Mesembryanthemum CAM) operating in either partially purified from leaves of (inducible Analysis of the Panicum miliaceum and Panicum the C3 or CAM mode. on SDS polyacrylamide gels antidotale. In each preparation two envelopes possessed isoenzymes with different kinetic revealed that all species 29 AD polypeptide identified as the properties could be characterized, a spinach. The enzyme activity was irreversibly phosphate translocator in of envelopes from inhibited by 2-amiao-oxyacetic acid Comparisons

132 mesophyll and bundle sheath from chloroplasts from leaf tissue of revealed P. miliaceum miliaceum, Panicum simiar polypeptide a non-malic enzyme type C4 compositions. Plant.Plant In this Physiology 69(4, suppl.): species, 88. however, a 34 kD (Abstract). most intense band,polypeptide was the and most of the silver-positive A mesophyll fraction concentrated material was was obtained in the 34 from leaves of kD and 29 kD P. miliaceum by a brief mechanical treatment bands. with a polytron. 0560 GARDESTROM, fraction The bundle sheath P., and EDWARDS, was obtained by grinding (BS) G. 1982. Different strands with BS pathways of a mortar and pestle. electron transport Purity oi the oxidation during malate fractions was by mitochondria determined using marker of the enzymes of mesophyll cells and respective cells bundle sheath cell types. of the C4 plant Mitochondria were isolated miliaceum.Plant Panicum two fractions from the Physiology by a differential 69(4, centrifugation. suppl): 50. The respiratory (Abstract). was In control about ratio Panicum miliaceum, with2 NADH for as mitochondria the mitochondria mesophyll substrace of bundle sheath, and about 1.5 cells have (BS) mitochondria. for BS high levels of 'NAD-malic Both types enzyme. The mitochondria of mitochondria isolated gave ADP/0 ratios from BS less than of cells showed no respiratory 1 with NADH as substrate. control during The respiratory malate oxiation. rate was higher with Addition of ADP nalate as compared gave a continuing with NADH as slow increase substrate in in oxygen consumption both types of rate with no mitochondria. rate. The subsequent oxidation wasdecrease inhibit.d in only 10-20Z 0562 HEYSER, J.W., by I mM KCN, whereas and NABORS, M.W. SHAM gave 80-90% I mM 1982. Regeneration inhibition. NAD of proso millet stimulated the from embryogenic rate of malate cail i derived from oxidation various Dlant in the BS mitochondria, pares.Crop Science especially 22(5): 1070-1074. concentration. at low 18 ref. In mitochondriamalate isolated from Long term mesophyll tissue, totipotent tissue malate was oxidized cultures of with a proso millet (Panicum respiratory control miliaceum L.) ratio of 2-3 and which readily an ADP/O ratio regenerated normal of 1.2-1.5. The fertile plants respiration was were sought. Calli inhibited 60-80% by were initiated ImM KCN, with the residual from immature embryos, totally rate being mesocotyls, mature seeds, inhibited by and leaf Addition ImM SHAM. segments and stem of NAD had little cultured on effect. Skoog Linsmaier and It was concluded medium (L and S), that malate is 4% sucrose, oxidized via the alternate 1% agar, and variable BS pathway in 2 levels of 2,4-D mitochondria and or ,4,5-T. For seeds, cytochrome via the was most callus pathway in mesophyll initiated on 1 mg/l mitochondria. cell Less 2,4,5-T. The results callus was initiated discussed with are dark-cultured by respect to regulation seeds than by of activity grown seeds light of the two respiratory on 2,4-D. Only pathways and the dark-grown seeds implications for and immature embryos C4 -photosynthesjs produced embryogenic callus on the first (initiation) passage. 0561 GARDESTROM, In light P., and EDWARDS, grown secondary G. 1982. and nonembryogenic callus, embryogenic Isolation of mitochondria calli had similar growth during a 6 week culture

133 thickness of exine. period. After 24 weeks in culture, diameter, and millet are 32% of embryogenic calli formed Some varieties of Georgian pores (var, alba shoots as compared with 2% of characterized by two Kasp; non-embryogenic calli cultured on no Tschch, var. dissects Dek. et Men et Er.). The auxin. var bifurcata number of two-pore pollen kernels in small. 0563 HEYSER, J.W., and NABORS, M.W. the preparation is 1982. Response of cereal tissue and cultures to salt and drought.Plant 0565 NAKAMOTO, H., KU, M.S.B., of C4 Physiology 69 (4, suppl.): 32. EDWARDS, G.E. 1982. Inhibition (Abstract). photosynthesis by (Benzamidooxy) acetic acid.Plant Physiology 69 (4, Long term embryogenic cultures suppl.): 50. (Abstract). needed for selection of salt and drought tolerant mutants have been In Panicum miliaceum the activities and obtained for proso millet (Panicum of alanine aminotransferase and miliaceum), rice and oats. Mutant aspartate aminotransferase evoluation were selection and regeneration of fertile HC03-dependent 02 with plants are reported here. Seeds of inhibited in leaves treated of both 'Abarr' proso millet were germinated benzadox. The inhibition dependent. on L & S medium, 0.5 mg/l 2,4,5-T, aminotransferases was time enzyme studies, and 0, 17, or 86 mM NaCl. Callus Consistent with the of the initiation was 85% of control of 17 the pool size of metabolites also altered: aspartate mM and 42% on 86 mM for embryogenic C4 cycle was fold while callus. On second passage callus level was increased by two such as was 90% on 17 mM, 72% on 86 mM levels of other metabolites growth and and 50% by callus shifted to 138 mM pyruvate, alanine, oxalacetate in the NaCl. Embryogenic callus formation malate were decreased was equivalent on 0 and 17 mM (21%) benzadox-treated leaves. Kinetic purified and half (11%) on 86 mM. Embryogenic studies with partially that callus can grow and remain alanine aminotransferase showed inhibitor in the presence of 137 mM benzadox is a competitive embryogenic a NcCl. Further experiments with with respect to alanine and inhibitor with millet and wheat will determine the non-competetive frequency of regeneration on NaCl, respect to 2-oxoglutarate. the structure and PEG and dextran. Comparisons between inhibitory action of benzadox and the latter a potent 0564 MAISAIA, I.I., and amino-oxyacetate, GOGICHAISHVILI, L.K. 1982. Pollen inhibitor of amino-transferases, benzadox may morphology of some representatives of suggest that in vivo the tribe Paniceae R. Br.(Ge). exert its effect through metabolism Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences to amino-oxyacetate. of the Georgian SSR 105(3): 577-580. M.SbB., and (Summary:En). 0566 NAKAMOTO, H., KU, EDWARDS, G.E. 1982. Inhibition of C4 (benzamidooxy) The pollen morphology of some photosynthesis by Research representatives of the tribe Paniceae acetic acid.Photosynthesis 8 ref. was studied. The pollen kernels are 3(4): 293-305. morphologically homogeneous, the form (common spheroidal, in some cases oval; Benzamidooxy acetic acid was evaluated as a single-pore pollen has a thin name benzadox) photosynthesis two-layer exine, the pattern of the potential inhibitor of plants. Among nnzymes of the surface is poorly expressed; the in C4 it was a relatively contour is smooth. They are C4 pathway, inhibitor of alanine distinguished by pollen size, pore strong

134 aminotransferase in in vitro growth-cell division and elongation experiments at concentrations of 5 in apical cone. It is suggested that mM. In benzadox treated leaves of the effect of low positive Panicum miliaceum there was strong temperature on heat-loving plants is inhibition of both alanine and stronger and longer with respect to aspartate avinotransferase and of growth processes, but it is less photosynthetic 02 evolution within suppressing to photosynthesis. one hour. Consistent with the inhibition of these enzymes of C4 0569 ZAURALOV, O.A., and ZHIDKIN, cycle, the pool sizes of metabolites V.I. 1982. Effect of cooling on the of the cycle was altered; the content of auxins and abscisic acid aspartate level was increased two in millet plants.(Ru). Soviet Plant fold, while the levels of other Physiology(Fiziologiya Rastenii) metabolites such as pyruvate, 29(3): 605-607. 12 ref. alanine, oxalacetate and malate were decreased. Kinetic studies with Exposing Panicum miliaceum at partially purified alanine different growth stages to 2 deg C aminotransferase showed that benzadox for 16 h and to room temperature for is a competitive inhibitor with 8 hours during 3 days decreased the respect to alanine and noncompetitive IAA content and markedly increased inhibitor with respect to the ABA content, compared with plants 2-oxoglutarate. grown at room temperature.

0567 TIKHOMIROVA, E.V. 1982. The effect of heating on nitrogen metabolism in oats and proso plants Genetics and Breeding differing in drought resistance.(Ru). Sel ' skokhozaistvennaya Bio logiya 17(2): 185-188. 10 ref. 0570 LINNIK, V.M., and KOSTANTINOV, (Summary:En). S.I. 1982. Development and use of valuable proso mutants in The protein content in Panicum breeding.(Ru). Selektsiia i miliaceum grown from drought hardened Semenovodstvo 50: 15-19. and nonhardened seeds was similar when exposed to 42 deg C. Ammonia and 0571 MANOHARAN, V., and amide N contents decreased in plants SIVASUBRAMANIAN, V. 1982. Variability from the hardened seeds, studies in proso mil'. (Panicum miliaceum L.).Madras Agricultural 0568 ZAURALOV, O.A., and ZHIDKIN, Journal 69(5): 343-348. 9 ref. V.I. 1982. After effect of cooling on growth and photosynthesis of millet An investigation was carried out plants.Soviet Plant Physiology with 50 genotypes of proso millet to (Fiziologiya Rastenii) 29(1): 83-88. find out the genetic variability i3 ref. present among them for nine economic traits. The genotypic The effect of plant cooling at the coefficient was high for panicle phase of 2-4 leaves on subsequent number anid weight, and yield of growth, photosynthetic rate and sugar grain and straw. As these content was investigated. The characters have high heritability cooling slightly affected visual values coupled with high genetic growth of leaves, but it strongly advance, phenotypic selection for suppressed photosynthesis, the latter the impro,;ement of these characters being considerably restored in will be effective. several days. The strongest effect of cooling was observed on stem cell 0572 NELSON, L.A. 1982. Proso

135 variety trials 1981 .Extension Bihar (India). The data revealed Circular, Nebraska Cooperative that variety BR-7 with its grain Extension Service, no 82-107. 7 pp. yield of 15.4 q/ha outyielded all other varieties. This variety also Six proso variety trials were recorded significantly higher conducted in 1981 containing 22 productivity of 24.03 kg/ha per day entries of which 7 were used as check followed by Shyam Cheena 17.33 kg/ha varieties. The other 15 entries were per day). selections and crosses from the proso breeding program at the Panhaudle station (USA). A description is provided for 7 check varieties. Agroclimatology Information on locations and conditions, five year average yield of check varieties, characteristics 0575 ABRAMOV, V.K., KOBAL'CHUK, of varieties and lines, yield in G.N., YUDINA, E.V., and KUMARI, I.M. cwt/A of all entries at each 1982. Influence of agrometeorological location, and headind date, height, conditions on yield formation in test weight and seed weight is grain and small grain crops grown in tabulated. the non-chernozem zone of the RSFSR.(Ru). Trudy po Prikladnoi 0573 SOLDATOV, A.F. 1982. Evaluation Botanike, Genetike i Selektsii 72(2): of millet (proso) specimens under the 115-120. 8 ref. severe arid conditions of western Kazakhstan for breeding.(Ru). Agrometeorological conditions Biulleten - Vsesoiuznyi Institut involved in yield formation in winter Rastenievodstva 124: 59-62. 5 ref. wheat, winter rye, spring wheat, (Summary:En). oats, barley, proso (Panicum miliaceum), buckwheat and maize for The paper presents the results of silage are analysed with most many-year studies (1978-1980) of 300 attention given to year of bad specimens of the world millet harvest. The reasons for bad harvests collection of different geographical during 1978-80 are discussed. Some groups under the severe arid agrotechnical, breeding and other conditions of western Kazakhstan. methods of improving the level and The promising specimens for breeding stability of grain yields are for productivity and resistance to suggested. drought, namely k-2964 (Ul'yanovsk district); k-7079, 2752, 2753 and 0576 YUDINA, E.V. 1982. Agroclimatic 2784 (Kuibyshev district); k-2857 and conditions of millet (proso) 2728 (Saratov district); k-3321 cultivation in the non-chernozem zone (Eastern Kazakhstan district); of the RSFSR.(Ru). Ural'skoe tonkoplenchatoe (k-9465) Biulleten-Vsesoiuznyi Institut and others have been singled out. Rastenievodstva 116: 13-16. 5 ref. (Summary:En). 0574 VERMA, U.N., SHARMA, N.N., and PRASAD, A.K. 1982. Performance of The evaluation of the thermal different genotypes of cheena under resources of the non-chernozem zone North Bihar conditions.Indian Journal of the RSFSR, USSR is given in the the of Agronomy 27(2): 184. paper. The northern border of potential cultivation of early and is A field experiment was conducted to middle millet varieties study the performance of six Panicum established. In the zone of the miliaceum varieties under the potential cultivation of the millet agroclimatic conditions of North the region unfavourable for this crop

136 production is determined, in which Panicum miliaceum from 1977 to 1980 only early varietiey may ripen and and gave higher yield than all other the yields of the millet are low. The varieties. regions, A package of practices favourable and optimal for for growing BR-7 is outlined. millet production, where some expansion of the areas under this 0579 CHAUDHARI, L.B., and RAI, B. crop is possible, have been singled out. 1982. Production technology for proso-millet.Indian Farming 32(1): 13-15.

Describes the salient features Agronomy and Cultivation of improved technology which could be profitably utilized in General growing Panicum miliaceum. Information is presented on package of practices, 0577 AGAFONOV, N.P., irrigation, disease and and LUZINA, pest management, and harvesting and Z.P. 1982. Main factors determining yield. the height of millet (proso) plants and the interrelation between plant 0580 SAPRYKIN, V.S. 1982. Effect height of and product ivity.(Ru). mineral fertilizers Biulleten - Vsesoiuznyi on seed Institut production of fodder Rastenievodstva proso 124: 52-56. 7 ref. millet.(Ru). Sibirskii (Summary :En). Vestnik Sel'skokhozyaistvennoi Nauki 1: Presents the results of the 31-34. 9 ref. (Summary:En). study of millet specimens The average grain yield of Panicum belonging to different miliaceum grown on a leached eco-geographical groups under the chernozem soil in 1975-77 were conditions of North Kazakhstan. It increased from 2.08 t/ha has been established by 5-14% that the plant with 30-120 kg N, 40-120 kg height of early P205 and and middle ripening 30-90 kg K20/ha applied specimens is directly correlated in 7 with combinations. The residual the mean daily air temperature fertilizers increased yields (r=from + 0.62 by to 0.76) and 11-23% from 1.59 t/ha. Higher indirectly with rates the sum of of N, P and K were more effective. precipitations (r=from -0.56 to -0.61). In late forms these 0581 YUDINA, E.V. 1982. Cultivating relations are not reliable. The the millet for green fodder under relation between the plant the height to conditions of the Leningrad the specimens of all types of region.(Ru). Biulleten - Vsesoiuznyi ripeness and grain yield is not Institut Rastenievodstva 116: reliable 21-24. either that is supposedly 10 ref. (Summary:En). explained by the strong variability (v=16.4-28.3%) of the latter The investigations character, have been conducted under the field conditions of the Pushkin 0578 CHAUDHARI, laboratories of VIR L.B., and RAI, B. with the aim to compare 1982. BR-7 scores over other millet cheena specimens by their productivity and selections in Bihar.Indian Farming to check the yields with 31(10): 17, 19. those of other fodder crops. As a result it has been established Describes the that the millet varietal is a productive fodder crop which characteristics of BR-7, is which was not inferior to wheat, oat and barley evaluated with 23 other selection of in the yield of green mass and its

137 increase during one day of conditions.Indian Journal of Agronomy vegetation. The specimens of millet 27(1): 92-94. 2 ref. promising for green mass production have been singled out. The Field experiments were conducted at relationship between growth in height Tirupati (India) in rabi seasons of and the mass of one plant has been 1977 and 1978 to study the effect of drawn, which helps to calculate the different levels of N,P, and K on mass of one plant by the height of sequence crop of Panicum 'miliaceum growth. after a first crop of groundnut. The data indicated that maximum grain yield was obtained with N, P, and K schedules of 40-18-34 kg/ha in both Farming Systems the years which was almost at par with 40-9-17 kg/ha. The increase in the grain yield in both the 0582 GUMANIUC, L., KELLNER, E., treatments was 109% and 135% in 1977 rANCIU, T., MACESAN, D., and TIRU, and 182% and 209% in 1978 over the I. 1982. Millet varieties for control. The highest net returns of cultivation in rotations.(Ru). Rs. 647/- and Rs. 743/- were obtained Productia Vegetal Cereale si Plante in treatment with 40-18-34 kg Tehnice 34(6): 13-17. 4 ref. N,P,K/ha in 1977 and 1978 respectively aud it proved to be an The most promising of 60 varieties economic dose. of Panicum miliaceum tested at Fundulea were also compared at four sites in 1980 and 1981, following a barley crop. Data on grain colour, Proso Millet as Weed growth period, height, 1000-grain weight, disease and lodging resistance, and grain and straw 0585 ANDERSON, R.N. 1982. yields are tabulated. Straw yield Comparisons of four herbicides was generally low, and showed a applied postemergence for grass negative association with grain control.Pages 80-82 In Proceedings, yield. Mironovka 51 surpassed the North Central Weed Control standard variety Raduga (Rainbow) in Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, USA: grain yield at all sites, but North Central Weed Control Conference outyielded by Mironovka 94 at 3 Inc. locations. Both these varieties were from three to five days earlier than Dowco 453, CGA 82725 (chlorazifop), Raduga and were recommended for this PP 009 (fluazifop-butyl) and crop succession in southern Romania. sethoxydim were compared in 3 trials for control of giant millet (Setaria 0583 NETIS, I.T., and MAKAROV, faberi), white proso millet (to L.KH. 1982. Levels and time of stimulate Panicum miliaceum) and fertilizer application in proso hybrid maize. cultivation after harvesting winter wheat for grain in the same 0586 BROWN, E.A., and BLAISE, E.A. season.(Uk). Visnyk 1982. Control of wild proso millet in sil's'Kohospodars'koi Nauki 7: 17-18. soybeans with chloramben.Pages 87-91 In Proceedings, North Central Weed 0584 REDDY, K.R., REDDY, T.Y., Control Conference, 1982. RAJAN, M.S.S., REDDY, P.M., and Indianapolis, USA: North Central Weed REDDI, G.H.S. 1982. Effect of Control Conference Inc. 5 ref. fertility levels on sequence crop of common millet under rainfed 0587 FRANCE :ASSOCIATION DE

138 COORDINATION TECHNIQUE AGRICOLE. 1982. Weed control of maize, sorghum, 0594 RENNER, K.A., and HARVEY, R.G. sunflower, soybean. Control of false 1982. Postemergence grass herbicide millet cockspur grass.(Fr). Page 71 tank-mix, timing and rate studies on In Experimentation 1980-81 (eds. R. giant foxtail and wild proso millet Bailly and J.F. Bassino). Paris, in soybeans.Pages 31-32 In France:Association de Coordination Proceedings, North Central Weed Technique Agricole. Control Conference, 1982. Indiana21is, USA: North Central Weed 0588 HARVEY, R.G. 1982. Wild proso Control Conference Inc. millet control in field and sweet corn.Pages 29-30 In Proceedings, 0595 SMEDA, R.J., and PUTNAM, A.R. North Central Weed Control 1982. Postemergence grass control Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, with fluazifop-butyl in several USA:North Central Weed Control horticultural systems.Page 98 In Conference Inc. Proceedings, North Central Weed Control Conference, 1982. 0589 LUELLEN, W.R. 1982. Wild proso Indianapolis, USA: North Central Weed millet: will you recognize it before Control Conference Inc. it is too late.Crops and Soils Magazine 34(7): 9-11. Reports tests on tolerance of sorghum, Panicum miliaceum and Describes the severity of the weed Setaria viridis to fluazifop-butyl. and discusses some of chemical and cultural methods of control. 0596 SZALAI, S. 1982. Weed control of maize against Panicum miliaceum 0590 MC NEVIN, G.R. 1982. Wild proso L.(Hu). Novenyvedelem (Hungary) 18: millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) control 31-33. in field and sweet corn (Zea mays L.).Ph.D. thesis, University of 0597 WARNES, D.D., and BEHRENS, R. Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. 1982. Reduced weed control (Panicum 150 pp. miliaceum) from repeated annual applications 0591 of EPT 4 + and EPTC+ MC NEVIN, G.R., and HARVEY, R-33865.Page 59 In P:oceedings, North R.G. 1982. Wild proso millet (Panicum Central Weed Control Conference, miliaceum) control in processing peas 1982. Indianapolis, USA: North (Pisum sativum) and soybeans (Glycine Central Weed Control Conference Inc. max).Weed Science 30(4): 365-368. 13 ref.

0592 MC NEVIN, G.R., and HARVEY, Pathology and Entomology R.G. 1982. Wild proso millet control in sod planted and no-til corn.Page 33 In Proceedings, North Central Weed 0598 FEDOSIMOV, O.F. 1982. Control Conference, 1982. Protection of cereals from pests, Indianapolis, USA: North Central Weed diseases and weeds in northern Control Conference Inc. Kazakhstan.(Ru). Alma-Ata, USSR:Vaskhnil. 155 pp. 0593 PORTER, D.J., and HARVEY, R.G. 1982. Postemergence herbicides for Contains contribution on the role wild proso millet control in of microelements in controlling soybeans.Page 87 In Proceedings, Sphacelotheca panici-miliacei (S. North Central Weed Control destruens) on Panicum miliaceum. Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, USA: North Central Weed Control Conference. 0599 MURTI, T.K., SHIROLE, S.M.,

139 and HARINARAYANA, G. 1982. Screening Two new species of eriophyid mites, of Panicum for shoot fly transmitting a serious plant virus incidence.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 7. disease on wheat and proso millet when planted together, are described. Ninety lines of Panicum miliaceum germplasm were screened against shoot 0603 YAZDANI, S.S. 1982. Insect fly. Entry 2906-7 suffered least pests of cheena and their damage (6.66%). Five entries showed control.Presented at the All India 100% damage due to shoot fly. Under Coordinated Millets Improvement such a high infestation of shoot fly, Project Workshop, 26-28 April 1982, 12 entries indicating upto 60% dead Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 10 pp. hearts were selected as promising resistance sources. Presents a brief account of the damage caused to Panicum miliaceum by 0600 NIKITINA, E.V., and KURTSEVA, termites and field crickets alongwith A.F. 1982. Aetiology, distribution their control measures. A detailed and harmfulness of Helminthosporium account of shootfly damage and its disease of millet.(Ru). Byulleten control is also presented describing Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'sko- the experiments conducted on its go Instituta Rastenievodstva imeni biology, screening of germplasm, N.I. Vavilova 124: 56-59. 13 ref. effects of different dates of sowing on incidence of shootfly, varietal H. panici-miliacei attacks response of different cultivars, and reproductive organs of Panicum comparative efficacies of different miliaceum at flowering to grain granualar insecticides against it. formation. On inoculation of embryos the fungus causes blackening and brittleness of grains. From the inflorescence it may spread to cause Chemical Composition leaf spot.

0601 PADHI, N.N., and DAS, S.M. 0604 LORENZ, K., and KULP, K. 1982. 1982. Host range of the spiral Cereal- and root starch modification nematode, Helicotylenchus by heat - moisture treatment. II. abunaami.Ind.an Journal of Nematology Functional properties and baking 12(1): 53-59. 6 ref. potential.Starch/Starke 34(3): 76-81. 8 ref. (Summary:De). Out of the 61 plant types belonging to 21 families tested in replicated Functional baking properties of pot culture experiments as possible heat-moisturt2 treated starches of hosts of Helicotylenchus abunaamai, barley, triticale, red proso millet, 38 botanical species were found to be arrowroot, and cassava are given. susceptible and favourable hosts in The bread and cake baking potential consideration of significant of cereal starches was adversely multiplication of the initial level affected by the treatment. Although of nematode inoculum. The highest the quality of breads and cakes nematode population was recorded on failed to match that of untreated Panicum miliaceum followed by rice. wheat starch, the treatment improved tuber starches, suggesting that the 0602 XIN, J.L., and DONG, H.Q. molecular order of starches is an 1982. Two new species of the genus important factor in otarch baking Aceria (Acarina: Eriophyoidea) in the quality. Thickening properties People's Rupublic of China.A.carologia tested with pie fillings demonstrated 23(2): 159-164. 3 ref. (S;.-sary:Fr). adverse effects of the treatment OU this starch property.

140 0605 LORENZ, K., and KULP, K. 1982. Cereal- and root starch modification by heat-moisture treatment. I. Utilization Physicochemical properties .Starch/Sta rke 34(2): 50-54. 12 ref. 0607 LUIS, E.S., SULLIVAN, Effects T.W., of heat-moisture treatment and NELSON, L.A. 1982. Nutrient of varied severity on physico compooition and feeding value of chemical paramaters of three cereals proso millets, sorghum grains and (barley, triticale and red proso corn in broiler diets.Poultry Science millet) and two tuber starches 61: 311-320. 35 ref. (arrowroot, cassava) were studied. The treatment produced restriction in Seven cultivars of proso milet swelling powers of all tested contained higher amounts of protein starches; solubilities of cereal and ash than sorghum grains or corn. starches increased while those of the These millets were similar or tuber starches were reduced at 96 deg slightly higher in fat than corn, C, indicating different types of much higher in fat than sorghum reorganization of the starch polymers (milo), and similar to sorghum in in the two types of granules; enzyme calcium and phosphorus contents. On susceptibilities and water-binding the average, proso millets contained capacities were augmented by the more fiber and gross energy (GE), treatment. X-ray diffraction studies were similar to sorghum and lower showed decreases in degree of than corn in true metabolizable crystallinity of cereal starches and energy (THE) and lower gross energy changes of C-pattern to A-pattern of metabolized (THE/GE) than corn and tuber starches by the treatment, sorghum. When the millets, Effects sorghum on pasting properties are grains, and corn were fed at nearly also given, the same level in broiler diets which contained suboptimal protein 0606 (15%) , TULLOCH, A.P. 1982. the millet and BR-65 sorghum diets Epicuticular waxes of Panicum with no amino acid supplementation miliaceum, Panicum texanum and significantly depressed body weight Setaria italica.Phytochemistry 21(9): gain and feed efficiency at 4 weeks 2251-2255. 20 ref. of age. Methionine and lysine supplementation of these diets Leaf waxes from Panicum miliaceum, resulted in significant improvements P. texanum and Setaria italica were in body weight gain and feed analysed. The principal components efficiency. were hydrocarbons, esters, aldehydes and alcohols. The esters were 0608 LUIS, E.S., SULLIVAN, T.W., composed partly of esters of and NELSON, L.A. 1982. Nutritional triterpene alcohols. The major free value of proso millet in layer alcohol was dotriacontanol. Free diets.Poultry Science 61: 1176-1182. triterpene alcohols were also 17 ref. present, particularly in wax from P. miliaceum. A mixture of unusual Two experiments were conducted triacylglycerols, with involving 144, 13-month-old 3 hens and 1, -ditetradecanoyl-2-hexanoylglycero- 72, 7-month-old pullets 1 as principal housed in component, was a minor cages and continuing for 10 to 12 component (5%) of wax from P. texanum. weeks, respectively. In each experiment, proso millet was compared with corn and commercial milo on an equal weight basis, either ground or

141 Research Council unground (whole), and on a protein meet National Poults fed the millet equivalent basis. Alfalfa meal was requirements. were significantly heavier than either added or omitted in these diets fed corn or sorghum diets at diets. All millet diets except one poults of age. that contained dehydrated alfalfa 28 days supported equivalent egg meal and SINGH, G.S. egg weight, feed 0610 PRASAD, R., production, composition and and feed efficiency in 1982. Chemical consumption, value of cheena both experiments, as compared to the nutritive Journal of Dairy Science corn and milo diets. Supplementation grain.Indian 96-98. 10 ref. of the millet diet with 2.5% alfalfa 35(1): meal significantly depressed (P<.05) adult rams were given cheena egg weight in hens and egg weight and Eight miliaceum) to meet their efficiency in pullets. Hens (Panicum feed protein requirement, with and pullets fed the whole millet estimated chopped green sorghum and wheat diets showed slight depresions in egg 250 g to appetite, for 21 days production but tended to lay larger bran by a 10-day metabolic trial. eggs. Pullets fed millet diets had followed cheena grain contained 15% crude body weight gains similar to those The and 73% nitrogen-free fed the corn diet, but greater than protein was palatable, and by pullets fed the milo diet. extract, difference had digestibilities of 86.3 and 65.5% for DM, crude 0609 LUIS, E.S., SULLIVAN, T.W., 85.2, and ether extract NELSON, L.A. 1982. Nutritional protein and Daily nitrogen, value of proso millets, sorghum respectively. and phosphorus balances were grains and corn in turkey starter calcium 0.22 and 1.72 g/head. diets.Poultry Science 61: 321-326. 8 3.91, ref.

One cultivar of proso millet (Dawn) sorghum (Little Millet) 1.-d three cultivars of grain Panicum miliare (commercial milo, RS 626, and high lysine) were compared on a protein General equivalent basis with or without supplementation in turkey metbionine INDIA COORDINATED diets containing a suboptimal 0611 INDIA:ALL starter IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. 1982. protein level (18%). Poults fed MILLETS millet - Panicum miliare.Pages millet D with no methionine Little In Report 1965-81. New Delhi, supplementation showed significant 57-58 Council of Agricultural depressions in body weight gain but India:Indian not in feed efficiency. When millet D Research. compared to corn or commercial was work done on Panicum an equal weight or a protein Reports the milo on 1965-81 under the All basis in turkey starter miliare during equivalent Millets Improvement containing optimal protein India Coordinated diets It covers agronomy, (28%) and with adequate supplemental Project. entomology and pathology methionine, there were no significant breeding, aspects. Presents information on differences among grains relative to varietal improvement, time of sowing, body weight gain and feed efficiency. population, response to P & K, Two proso millet cultivars, (Cerise plant intercropping, blast disease and and Dawn), four sorghum cultivars, and yellow corn were compared in shootfly. starter diets containing turkey COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAl protein (28%) with 0612 INLIAN adequate 1982. Little millet - supplemental methionine and lysine to RESEARCH.

142 Panicum miliare Lam.Pages 69-76 In finally suppressed by the stress Minor millets improvement: tLird conditions, magnitude of reduction progress report, January-December being related to the kind and level 1981. New Delhi, India:Indian of stress as well as to the species. Council of Agricultural Research. While Sorghum halepense showed a strinkingly superior Four breeding trials, 3 agronomical stress-resistance, Panicum miliare trials and 3 entomological trials did not appear to be suited to were conducted during 1981 at the establishment through seeds. Little Millet Improvement Centre Diplachne fusca, on the other hand, (Orissa). The performance of early was found to be remarkably ac.,ted to varieties was better than late alkalinity. varieties. Early plantings with the onset of monsoon gave higher yields. Inter row spacing of 10-20 cm and intra row spacing of 5-10 cm had Entomology given maximum grain yield. Intercropping with pigeonpea was not as profitable as pure cropping. Very 0614 MAITI, B.K. 1982. Pests of early and very late plantings had little millet.Presented at the All similar shootfly incidence. Methyl India Coordinated Millets Improvement demeton 0.05%, a.i/ha reduced the Project Workshop, 26-28 April 1982, incidence of shootfly and increased Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. the grain yield. Reports the results of a survey made on the occurrence of different insect pests during the cropping Physiology and Biochemistry season at Dindori and other centres (India). The stage of infection, durations and peaks of occurrence are 0613 SINHA, A., and GUPTA, S.R. also mentioned. 1982. Effect of osmotic tension and salt stress on germination of three 0615 SHIROLE, S.M., MURTI, T.K., grass species.Plant and Soil 69: and HARINARAYANA, G. 1982. Shoot fly 13-19. 12 ref. incidence and its control in Panicum miliare.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 6-7. Effect of osmotic tension, salinity and alkalinity were studied on seed 0616 SHIROLE, S.M., RATHOD, R.K., germination of Sorghum halepense, NAVALE, P.A., and HARINARAYANA, G. Panicum miliare and Diplachne fusco 1982. Natural incidence of shootfly in Karnal-Kurukshetra (India) region Ga little millet.Journal of to evaluate their capacity to Maharasht.a Agricultural Universities establish through seeds in saline and Journal 7(2): 194-195. 4 ref. alkaline environments. Experiments were conducted under controlled Three hundred and twenty nine conditions in petri dishes lined with accessions of Panicum miliare were blotting papers that were wetted with evaluated to identify shootfly non-ionic osmotic solutions of (Atherigona miliacene) resistant mannitol, salinized solutions of varieties in the germplasm collected Nacl, Na2S04, MgC12, and CaS04, at Coordinating Unit, Pune (India). alkaline solutions of Na2CO3 and also The infestation ranged from 0 to in dishes filled with alkali soil 86.7% with a large number of grades of the same pH range. Seed accessions showing less than 10% dead germination of all the three grasses hearts and silver shoots. Only ore was observed to be delayed and late flowering accession was found

143 free from damage at tillering and Agronomy and Cultivation flowering stages. The entry PR353 was free from the attack, while entries PR356 AP, PR 359 AP and 0619 SRIVASTAVA, D.P., and RAIDER, PR437 were affected upto 3% only. Z.A. 1982. Two promising strains of Accessions with low degree of gundli for plateau region of infestation gave significantly higher Bihar.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 6. grain yield. Recently two varieties of Panicum miliare, namely V 15 and V 17 have Paspalum scrobiculatum been evsived that have outyielded the Millet) existing short duration varieties. (Kodo Line sowing with seed rate of 5-6 are useful. General kg/ha 0620 VAPMA, S.N.P., SINGH, 0., and 0617 INDIA:ALL INDIA COORDINATED MISHRA, D.K. 1982. RPS 76, an MILLETS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. 1982. extra-early high yielding variety of Kodo millet - Paspalum kodo millet.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 7. scrobiculatum.Pages 48-51 In Report 1965-81. New Delhi, India:Indian RPS-76 selected from the locally Council of Agricultural Research. collected material of Madhya Pradesh (India) performed well in all the The progress made during 1965-81 in three research centres of Madhya breeding, agronomy, pathology and Pradesh (Rewa, Jabalpur and Dhindori) entomology of Paspalum scrobiculatum and gave an average yield of 1836 is described. It covers the topics kg/ha during the last three years. like pure line selections protogeny The variety attains a height of 70 cm in Paspalum, sowing, plant in 85 days and has 4 to 5 tillers per population, mineral and bacterial plant with low shoot fly incidence. fertilization, mixed cropping, The seeds are brown and with no smut screening for smut and fungicidal incidence. This variety is most control, field screening for pests, suitable to areas of low rain fall varietal response and chemical and slopy hill where moisture control of shootfly. repletes fast and also in areas where rains stop in the first week of 0618 INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL September. It has given the highest RESUARCH. 1982. Kodo millet - yield of 24 q/ha during 1979-80 Paspalum scrobiculatum L.Pages 11-23 partial drought period when all the In Minor millets improvement:third other late varieties failed progress report, January-December completely. 1981. New Delhi, India:Indian Council of Agricultural Research. 0621 VERMA, S.N.P., and SINGH, R.P. 1982. Association analysis in three Highlights the research work done maturing groups of Kodo-millet.Indian on this crop covering the areas of Journal of Agricultural Sciences genetic resources, varietal 52(8): 488-491. 5 ref. improvement, management of inputs and pest management. Correlation coefficients, path analysis and multiple regression equations were computed among 52 extra-early lines, 41 early lines and 27 medium-maturity lines in kodo-millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum). In the early and medium maturity

144 groups, plant height was positively A field experiment was laid out associated with grain yield. In the with Paspalum scrobiculatum variety early group, plant height was JNK 364 during kharif 1981 at positively associated with panicle Jabalpur (India), to asses the loss length but negatively witn 1,000 caused by Atherigona simplex. One set grain weight. Path coefficient of plots was treated 3 times at analysis revealed that only plant 10-day intervals starting at 10 days height had high positive direct after germination, with phosphamidon effect in all the maturity groups. 0.03% in first spray and 0.05Z in the However, panicle length indirectly second and third sprays. The other contributed to yield via plant height set of plots w#as left untreated. The in early and medium groups. Multiple observed plants in the untreated regression equation involving panicle plots showed 48.01% to 67.08% length and 1,000-grain weight infested tillers compared to no accounted for substantial variability infestation in the treated plots. in grain yield in all the maturity The loss in grain yield in the groups. untreated plots was 40.31% (12.69 q/ha) which was attributed to shootfly damage as no other pest infested the crop. Pathology and Entomology

0622 GUPTA, S.P., NARAIN, U., SINCH, Chemical Composition M., and SHUKLA, T.N. 1982. A new leaf blight of Kondon (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) from India.National 0625 PARAMARANS, S.V., and Academy Science Letters 5(2): 41. THARANATHAN, R.N. 1982. Screening electron microscopy of enzyme Leaf blight of Paspalum digested varagu starch scrobiculatum caused by Alternaria granules.Starch/Starke 34(3): 73-76. alternata (Fr.) Keissler has been 18 ref. (Summary:De). reported as a new disease. Amylolytic susceptibility of a 0623 KATIYAR, O.P. 1982. Insect native varagu (Paspalum pests on kodo millet.Presented at the scrobiculatum) starch granule was All India Coordinated Millets followed chemically and Improvement Project Workshop, 26-28 microscopically. Scannilig electron April 1982, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, microscopy revealed that attack by India. 5 pp. 5 ref. salivary alpha-amylase resulted in a gradual erosion of the surface The work done on important pests of followed by granule penetration at Paspalum scrobiculatum viz., shootfly certain locations. Attack by (Atherigona simplex), leaf fodder glucoamylase, on the other hand, was (Marasmia trapezalis), call fly more uniform, and resulted in pitting (Orscolia op.), and pink stemborer and depressions all over the surface. (Sesamia inferans) is described.

0624 PATEL, H.K., and RAWAT, R.R. 1982. Note on the estimation of loss Setaria italica (Foxtail Millet) in yield of kodo-millet caused by the attack of shoot fly.Indian Journal of General Agricultural Sciences 52(12): 880. 1 ref. 0626 INDIA:ALL INDIA COORDINATED

145 type. MILLETS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. 1982. italica was of the NADP-ME Foxtail millet Setaria italica.Pages 52-56 In Report 0629 PARVAThY, K., and SADASIVAM, 1965-81. New Delhi, India:Indian S. 1982. Comparison of amylase in Council of Agricultural Research. activity and carbohydrate profile germinating seeds of Setaria italics, and Panicum Presents an account of the research Echinochlea frumentacea, 59(6): werk done during 1965-81 on this crop miliaceum.Cereal Chemistry under All India Coordinated Millets 543-544. 16 ref. Improvement Project. The areas covered include breeding, agronomy, In all 3 millets, the alpha-amylase pathology, entomology and physiology, activity was very low at the initial stages of germination and increased Maximal 0627 INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL steeply after the lag period. RESEARCH. 1982. Foxtail millet - alpha-amylase activity was shown by Setaria italica Beauv.Pages 24-68 In Echinochloa frumentacea and Panicum Minor millets improvement: third miliaceum on the 5th day of Sotaria progres report, January-December germination. The activity of 1981. New Delhi, India:Indian italica was maximal on 4th day. The in all 3 Council of Agricultural Research. beta-emylase activity milleLs increased gradually until 6th The results of research done on day of germination, reached maximum Setaria italica at Setaria levels on 7th day and thereafter Starch Improvement Centre, Nandyal (A.P.) showed a decreasing trend. are described. The areas covered content decreased progressively while increased. include genetic resources, varietal level of reducing sugars improvement, management of inputs, The total carbohydrate also decreased 3 millets. Amylose content pest management, and disease in all of management. increased during earlier stages germination, then gradually decreased. Changes in protein content were insignificant. Physiology and Biochemistry 0630 SU, D.Y., HE, S.M., and YUAN, J.P. 1982. A study on the pathway of 0628 LU, C.E., XU, S.R., PU, S.S., photosynthetic and JIAO, G.L. 1982. A study on the millet.(Ch). Shanxi Agricultural pathway of phctosynthetic carbon Science 3: 6-8. assimilation in Setaria itelica as a C4 plant.(Ch). Plant Physiology In a comparative study of the C4 wheat Communications (Zhiwu Shanglixue crop sorghum and the C3 crops Tongxun) 6: 17-18. 5 ref. and millet (Setaria italics) vein cross sections of main functional of development Pathways of photosyrthetic C leaves in all phases a.;similation in Setaria italics is of millet and sorghum showed typical structure in compared with that of maize. Results Krantz structure. The indicate that the activity of NADP millet was similar to that of sorghum that of wheat. The malic enzyme in S. italica rather than to millet approximated that in maize. space between leaf veins of than Concludes that in view of the was 86-107 micro m, 20% less centrifugal- formed arrangements of that of sorghum and greatly different micro m). chloroplasts in leaf bundle sheath from that of wheat (217-288 leaf veins at various stages and fewer grans in The narrow space between plants chloroplasts, the pathway of was also a characteristic of The net photosynthetic C assimilation in S. with Krantz structure.

146 points. photosynthetic rate of sorghum, activity and C02 compensation millet and wheat was. 18.7-32.7, The RuBP Carboxylase activities in 11.9-24.2 and 12.0-21.4 and the C02 primary and senescent leaves were compensation point was 1.3-7.0 62% and 23% respectively, that in p.p.m., 2.7-14.5 p.p.m. and 53.9-69.5 mature tissue; but in the PEP p.p.m., respectively. Carboxylase activity the corresponding figures were only 43Z 0631 VELOVITCH, J.J, and SLIFE, and 1%. In primary and senescent F.W. 1982. Uptake, translocation and leaves the C02 compensation points metabolism of fluazifop-butyl in were 4.0 times those in the mature graminaceous and dicotyledonous leaves. The structure of the plants.Pages 58-59 In Proceedings, primary and mature leaves was found North Central Weed Control to be some what different in certain Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, USA: respects. All these phenomena North Central Weed Control Conference indicate that there may be changes in Inc. the photosynthetic characteristics during plant growth. Rapid translocation of 14C fluazifop-butyl into the aerial meristems and roots of Setaria italica and Xanthium pensylvanicum Genetics and Breeding indicated the excellent hloem mobility of the chemical. 80% of the chemical was absorbed 12 h after 0633 BRABANT, P. 1982. A study of treatment in both spp. In S. the millet (Setaria italica (L.) italica, fluazifop-butyl appeared to P.B.) for genetic improvement.(Fr). move basipetally in the phloem, and Thesis, Institut National Agronomique remained mainly in the treated leaf. Paris-Grignon, Paris, France. 163 pp. In both plants the concentration of fluazifop increased as the n-butyl 0634 KAWASE, H., and SAKAMOTO, S. ester was cleaved to yield the parent 1982. Geographical distribution and acid. The rate of breakdown to genetic analysis of phenol color fluazifop was more rapid in Setaria reaction in foxtail millet, Sataria italica. These results are discussed italica (L.) P. Beauv.Theoreticel and in terms of differences in Applied Genetics 63: 117-119. 8 ref. selectivity between broadleaved and graminacious plants. Phenol color reaction was examined in a total of 376 strains of foxtail 0632 WU, G.Y., DENG, Y.F., LU, C.E,,, millet, Setaria italica collected PU, Z.S., and XU, S.R. 1982. On the from different areas throughout change of photosynthetic Eurasia. Positive and negative characteristics in Setaria phenotypes, 4ad no intermediate type italica.(Ch). Acta Phytophysiologia could be recognized by the phenol Sinica 8(2): 111-116. 12 ref. color reactiun. Of 376 strains (Sumnmary:En). examined, 50 were positive, 319 were negative, five were mixtures of both Setaria italica was identified as phenotypes, and the coloration in two the C4 plant. But the activities of strains with blackish lenmmata and PEP Carboxylase and RuBP Carboxylase paleae could not be distinguished. and the compensation points of C02 in The strains that showed the positive leaves were found to vary according phenotype of phenol color reaction to their age and position. Primary were found in rather limited regions, and senescent leaves did not show the while those with the negative typical feature of a C4 plant, with a phenotype occurred in almost all the higher level of RuBP Carboxylase regions. The positive phenotype

147 Among material for breeding. frequently in the lower by the occurred more varietal diversity of sorghum regions of Asia. Genetic characters latitudinal complex of breeding the Fl and F2 generations hegari) Analysis of Sorghum caudatum (feterita, two phenotypes showed origin were between the and a group of hybrid color reaction is study of that the phenol singled out. A comparative a single gene, and that millet controlled by miliary crops showed African phenotype is dominant. and the positive to be the most productive among them. It is not K.M., piomising crop M4AHILSHI, D.M., ARADHYA, in grain yield, 0635 B.T.S. inferior to sorghum A., and GOWDA, matter and is ahead SEETHARAM, for green and silage Efficacy of contact method in grain protein 1982. foxtail of the latter hybridization in 1: 6. content. millet.MILWAI Newsletter millet Two varieties of foxtail in showing purple pigmentation Soil Science internode and basal part coleoptile, stage of the stem at the seedling as male parents. They FRYE, W.W. were selected 0637 KITUR, B.K., and with six non-pigmented, on soil were crossed 1982. Effects of heating desirable cultivars and agronomically chemical properties and growth method. Cf the 12 corn and following contact nutrient composition of attempted 11 were successful. Society of crosses from millets.Soil Science The frequency of true hybrids 47: 91-94. 22 ref. different America Journal each contact varied among The mean and cross combinations. The effects of heating Alfisol 1.5 per cent. In view on their frequency was Mollisol soil materials and reliability, the early of the simplicity chemical properties and on method could be followed in of the above grow'..h and nutrient composition programme of italica) the hybridization corn and millets (Setaria was studied. Setaria crop. grown in the greenhouse deg C Heating the soils to 110 S.G. 1982. Results increased 063b VARADINOV, decreased pH, but the pH the sorghum and miliary to 200 or of a study of when the soils were heated specimens in the lower matter and forage crop 250 deg C. Organic lower Volga river while Povolzh'e (the extractable Mg decreased Bulletin of Applied Mn and area).(Ru). extractable NH4+ and and Plant Breeding (EC) Botany, Genetics electrical conductivity 7 ref. (Summary:En) heating. 74(1): 129-133. increased greatly with NH4+ and Mn, Increases in extractable data on a study of from both In this paper EC, and pH probably came of ther miliary crops organic sorghum and the destruction of soil chumiza, Italian inorganic (African millet, matter and release from (Japanese millet) under Heating millet, paiza compounds in the soils. the Lower Povolzh'e are in conditions of soils to 110 deg C resulted had been studied on corn and adduced. Sorghum greater growth of both 1965-1971, and under of 200 dryland since millet, but heat treatments since 1972-1980. Miliary suppressed growth. irrigation under and 250 deg C crops had been studied work in NH4+ shows tht study had Extensive irrigation for 4 years. A of this form of N may and 700 certain levels made of 1650 sorghum plants. Heating of soil been Of all be toxic to of miliary crops. both beneficial and specimens best was shown to be the crops and specimens to the growth of plants. as initial deterimental specimens were singled out

148 Soil Microbiology Agronomy and Cultivation

0638 CKON, Y. 1982. Field General inoculation of grasses with Azospirillum.Pages 459-467 In Biological nitrogen fixation 0640 VENKATESHAPPA, K.M., and technology for tropical agriculture: SEETHARAM, A. 1982. Stability of seed papers presented at a workshop, 9-13 yield and its components In foxtail March 1981, Cali, Colombia (eds. millet.MILWAI Newsletter 1: 6. P.H. Graham and S.C. Harris). Cali Colombia: Centro Internacional de Twenty elite cultivars were grown Agricultura Tropical. 22 ref. in seven environments. Genotypic and environmental variances were found Inoculation with Azospirillum significant for days to 50% clearly benefited the growth and flowering, plant height, main ear commercial yield of Zea mays, Sorghum length, number of productive tillers, bicolor, Setaria italica, Panicum test weight, seed density and yield. miliaceum and Triticum spp., grown None of the characters except seed under different environmental and protein content exhibited genotype x soil conditions, at different levels environment interaction and high mean of combined nitrogen (N), and in square deviations. The linear irrigated and unirrigated plots of component of genotype x environment commercial size. In one trial maize interaction was found significant for plants grown on inoculatad ploLs yield and yield attributes. The contained upto 77.1 kg/ha more N cultivars SIA-326, CO-3, ISe-377, than plants that were not inoculated. ISe-288 (A) and Arjuna which exhibited stability for yield also 0639 OKON, Y. 1982. Recent progress showed stability and average in research on biological nitrogen responses for yield components. fixation with nonleguminous Genotypes-SIA-67, SIA-1062, SIA-242 crops.Phosphorus in Agriculture and 410-B indicated their suitability 36(82): 3-10. 8 ref. to high yielding environments.

Describes the important areas of 0641 XU, H.G., and ZHANG, X.W. biological nitrogen fixation that can 1982. Physiology and ecology of be exploited for the benefit of dryland high yield millet and its agriculture, viz. rhizobia-legume cultural techniques.(Ch). Shanxi symbiosis, ac..nomycetes - wood tree Agricultural Science 5: 9-11. symbiosis, symbiosis of blue-green algae with water ferns and the In field trials with Setaria association between roots of grasses italica cv. Jingu 2 in 1979 in Huguan (including Setaria italica and Country, Shanxi a yield of 1174 Panicum miliaceum) and Azospirillum. jin/mu was obtained. Factors Data on effect of inoculation with contributing to the high yield were Azospirillum brasilense on dry weight the use of 270 000-280 000 plants/mu and total nitrogen content of grasses with an effective spike number of 240 grown in greenhouse, and on yield in 000-250 000/mu, 23-25 g grain/spike, commercial fields of Israel are a 1000-seed wt. of 2.8-2.9 g. LAI presented. A list of economically of 5.0, photosynthetic intensity important micro-organisms involved in of 30 mg/dm2h, and a total biomass biological nitrogen fixation is also yield of 12-15 kg/mu daily. given. Ecological conditions were a mellow

149 loamy soil with a plough layer 8 cun of biomass and retention deep, of nitrogen ON content of 2.69%, N and P and ash elements in different contents of 0.11-0.13 and 0.12-0.16%, cultivars of millet.(Ch). Acta respectively, hydrolytic N conc. of Agronomica Sinica 8(2): 103-112. 3 87-120 p.p.m., available K and P of ref. (Summary:En). 60 and 9-18 p.p.m. respectively, soil m.c. of 21-22% at sowing, well In 7 Setaria italica cv., uptake of distributed rainfall over the whole N and other elements varied with cv. growing period and an effective Retention of elemerts was in the accumulated temperature of 2155.3 deg order Si > N > K > Mg > Ca > P. C. Split applications of 66.5 jin N/mu with the ratio of 0644 FATTAH, Q.A., HUQ, S., and organic:inorganic fertilizers of 2:1 RAHMAN, M.A. 1982. Yield responses were made. Alternate of row spacings of italian millet (Setaria italica (L.) 9 X 2.5 and 11 X 2.5 cun were adopted Beauv.) cv. Kaon shibnagar (1 jin to = 0.5 kg, 1 mu = 0.067 ha, 1 potassium nephthenate cun = 3.3 cm). application.Bangladesh Journal of Botany 11(2): 176-178. 7 ref. 0642 ZHENG, Y.S. 1982. Studies on the physiological indiceE and culture The results revealed that the techinque of high yielding common weight of the plants, flag millet.(Ch). leaf and Scientia Agricultura flag leaf sheath area increased Sinica 6: 59-66. 6 ref. significantly following (Summary:En). 500 mg/l treatment and in combined treatment (maximum increases of 19%, High-yield 28% and experiments on common 33% respectively). Grain yield per millet (Setaria italica) were plant increased significantly due to conducted on the experimental farm 500 mg/l and combined treatment, from 1975 to 1981. A yield of 1, maximum increase being 52% due to 107.7 jin per mu was obtained in a later. The results suggest that plot of 1.29 mu. The leaf area index spraying of potassium naphthenate 500 (LAI) rapidly reached 1.5-1.6 during mg/l can lead to a significant the jointing stage and 3.5-4.0 during increase in growth and yield of the boot stage with the maximum LAI Setaria italica. of 5.0-5.5 at the flowering stage, and then decreased slowly to about 4 0645 LAZZARI, M.A. 1982. during the soft dough stage. The Distribution of 15N fertilizer in productior nf dry matter during the field-lysimeters sown with garlic whole growing period was about (Allium sativum) and foxtail 2,000-2,100 millet jin per mu, about 50% of (Setaria itaiica).Plant and Soil 67: it was accumulated before flowering 187-191. 14 ref. (Summary:Es). stage. The coefficient of economic yield was about 0.5. The number of The distribution of residual 151 plants per mu was about 28,000-30000, and its uptake by a foxtail millet the number of grains per plant crop grown in field lysimeters 5,500-6,000 and the 1,000 seed weight following a previous garlic crop 3.3-3.6 g. fertilized with either 15N-urea or 15N-ammonium sulphate was examined. Garlic apparently removed more N from the lysimeters treated with urea-N Fertilizers and Plant Nutrients than from those treated with (NH4)2SO4. Fertilizer-N in the lysimeters was similar 0643 CHEN, following Z.Z., JIN, S.Z., and millet harvest. About 16 per cent of CUI, X.F. 1982. A comparative study both fertilizers in the lysimeters

150 were removed by the millet. (i.e., 30:30:0 and 60:60:0 kg NPK/ha) and two weeding managements (i.e., 0646 UMRANI, N.K., and BHOI, P.G. weeding once and 1982. Response of no weeding). Setaria italica to Intercropped Setaria italica with N and P under two rainfall soybean gave 3 times more gross situations.Indian Journal of Agronomy return over pure crop, while no 27(1): 61-63. 2 ref. significant difference in returns were recorded from Under the late intercropped sown conditions of soybean grown at a spacing of 40 cm kharif season in the drought prone or 60 cm. Application of highest area of Maharashtra (India), Setaria fertility doses italica was found produced to do better. significantly hiher returns as Agronomic investigation under the compared to lower level of fertility. rainfed conditions revealed that under the moisture sufficiency a linear response was noticed to nitrogen application. As high as 17 Pathology and Entomology kg grain/kg N responiie was noticed. Under the moisture scarce situation response to nitrogen was quadratic 0649 GAIKRWD, A.P., and D'SOUZA, with significant response upto 25 kg T.F. 1982. Age of susceptibility N/ha level. Further of increase in italian millet to blast.Science and nitrogen produced small and not Culture 48(12): 439-441. 4 ref. significant response. Under both the situations of rainfall (high and low) In inoculation tests 100% infection no response was noticed for phosphate was achieved by spraying application. Setaria italica seedlings with spore and mycelial suspensions of Pyricularia setariae while seed inoculation and soil infestations resulted in Farming only Systems 5.71 and 1.74% infection respectively. Seedlings were highly susceptible up to 35 days 0647 old but JANARDHANAN, K.V. 1982. thereafter resistance increased Inteicropping and in cotton .Cotton plants of more than 77 days were Development 12(1/2): 29-32. 5 ref. highly resistant. Intercropping of 3 rows of black 0650 ISAWA, K. 1982. Deterioration gram or Setaria italica in the in the chemical composition interspace between and pairs of cotton nutritive value of forage crops by rows slightly increased the foliar diseases. I. Chemical seed-cotton yield, compared with composition and nutritive value of cotton in pure stands, and gave forage crops infected additional seed/grain with rust yields. fungi.(Ja). Bulletin of the National Grassland Research Institute 21: 0648 SINGH, U.B., and SINGH, U.R. 30-53. 74 ref. 1982. Production of soybean as intercrop in Setaria as affected by The investigation was carried fertility out and weeding on the influence of five rust management.Indian Journal of Agronomy diseases, namely, crwon rust of 27(1): 78-79. 4 raf. italian ryegrass, stem rust of orchardgrass, rust Five crops of white clover, and crop mixtures of common maize rust and rust (Uromyces Setaria italica and soybean were Setariae-italica Yoshino) of foxtail tried with two levels of fertility millet (Setaria italica). The rust of

151 foxtail millet had comparativly small India Coordinated Millets Improvement influence on the chemical composition Project Workshop, 26-28 April 1982, of diseased leaves. Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 4 pp.

0651 PALL, B.S., and KHARE, M.N. The germplasm comprising of 3895 1982. Efficacy of fungicides in collections were sown in 4m long rows controlling seed-borne infection in to study and identify the different Setaria.Indian Phytopathology 35: pests associated with Setaria italica 351-352. 2 ref. and the nature of damage caused by them. The import-nt pests recorded Out of nine fungicides tested, were beetles (Chaotocnema op), leaf Panoctine-450 and Demosan were found miner (Cecidomyidae, and Cynipidae), most effective for the control of stemborer (Chilo sp.), leaf roller seed-borne infection due to (Marasmia sp.) army work (Mythimna Curvularia lunata and C. pallescence separata), and ants (Sima sp.). Out resulting in 5% and 6% association of all the pests, army worm was the respectively followed by Ceresan dry severe pest. (12%), Difolatan (13%) and copper carbonate (14%) as compared to 25% in 0654 TORIYAMA, S. 1982. Cocksfoot control. Bavistin proved superior mottle virus in Japan.(Ja). Annals over other fungicides for the control of the Phytopathological Society of of seed-borne Phoma sp. with 24% Japan 48(4): 514-520. 17 ref. association followed by MBC (46%) and (Summary:En). Captain (47%) as compared to 89% in control. In soil in pots, Dithane Cocksfoot mosaic disease is M-45 was found most effective over prevalent in old cocksfoot pastures other fungicides resulting in 64.66% in northern and central districts of stand. Japan. By mechanical inoculation the virus disease transmitted readily to 0652 PANDEY, K.N., PANDE, B.C., SAH, cocksfoot and wheat. Barley, oat and M., and GUPTA, R.C. 1982. Effect of rye were also infected, but with fuuga! metabolites on germination and difficulty. Setaria italica, S. sprouting of seeds of Setaria italica viridis, bromegrass, fescue, grown in Almora hills.Indian rye-grass, thimothy and maize were Phytopathology 35: 136-138. 16 ref. not susceptible to the virus. The virus particle was spherical and Seed samples of Setaria italica about 28 nm in diameter. The virus were collected from several places contained an RNA species having a and mixed together to screen the molecular weight of approximately seed mycoflora. Out of 19 seed-borne 1.4x10(6) and a coat protein of fungi isolated, the culture filtrates 29,000 in molecular weight. Thermal of six dominant fungal species viz., inactivation point was 80-85 deg C. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Two isolates of the virus, CL and M Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium reacted strongly with the antiserum cladosporioides, Epicoccum of cocksfoot mottle virus but not purpurascens and Penicillium with either the antiserum of granulatum were employed. The fungal cocksfoot mild mosaic virus or the metabolites reduced the seed antiserum of phleum mottle virus. On germination. E. purpurascens the other hand, the antisera of produced maximum inhibition (63.16%) isolates CL and M reacted positively of seed germination. with cockafoot mottle virus, but with neither cocksfoot mild mosaic virus 0653 PAUL, M.D. 1982. Pests of nor phleum mottle virus. Thus the foxtail millet.Presented at the All virus of cocksfoot mosaic disease was identified as cocksfoot mottle virus.

152 0657 HODSON, N.J., and PARRY, D.W. Chemical Composition 1982. The ultrastructure and analytical microscopy of silicon deposition in the aleurone layer of 0655 COLEMAN, W.H., and ROBERTS, the caryopsis of Setaria italica (L.) W.K. 1982. Inhibitions of animal Beauv.Annals of Botany 50: 221-228. cell-free protein synthesis from 26 ref. grains.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 696 (3): 239-244. 15 ref. Silicon deposition in the caryopsis of foxtail millet (S-taria Eleven italica) grains and three other seeds from Lin Xian, Firthern China was were examined for the presence of investigated using transmission tritin-like proteins. In addition to electron microscopy wheat and energy species, barley, oats, rye, dispersive X-ray analysis. The triticale and corn were found to be highest silicon count sources rates were of inhibitor, no inhibitor obtained from the pericarp nd outer could be detected in rice, millet, aleurone cell walls, sesame and particularly alfalfa, mung bean or common from a granualr electron-opaque layer bean seeds, external to the outer alaurone cell wall. Silicon was not detected in 0656 HARAGOPAL, D. 1982. In vitro tissues interior to the aleurone. enzymatic A hydrolysis of the storage possible mechanism for silicon proteins of italian millet (Setaria deposition in the caryopsis italica is (L.) Beauv.).M.Sc. thesis, suggested, and the results are University of Agricultural Sciences, discussed with respect Bangalore, to the high Karnataka, India. 70 pp. incidence of oesophageal cancer in Lin Xian, Northern China. Estimation of the protein content of italian millet showed that the 0658 HODSON, M.J., SANGSTER, A.G., protein levels of the millet compare and PARRY, D.W. 1982. Silicon well with other cereals and millets. deposition in the inflorescence Average crude protein content of the bristles and macrohairs of varieties Setaria studied ranged from 10.22 italica (L.) Beauv.Annals of Botany to 14.64%. Protein concentrates 50: 843-850. 21 ref. prepared from isopropanal extracts of three varieties of Italian millet Silicon deposits in the contained 48.37 to 76.90% protein. inflorescence bristles subtending Amino acid composition of the protein each spikelet, and in the macrohairs concentrates of the three varieties of foxtail millet (Setaria was italica) similar. Lysine was found to be were investigated using scanning highly deficient in the concentrates electron microscopy and and glutamic acid and proline was electron-probe microanalysis. High found to be in higher proportion concentrations of silicon compared were to whole seed flour. Amino detected in the prickle hairs which acid scores of the proetin covered the bristles. In the concentrates compared favourably with unicellular macrohairs covering the the FAO pattern. However, the inflorescence axis and its branches, essential amino acid composition was silicon was deposited along the whole not well balanced. In vitro protein length of the hairs. The mechanisms digestibility with pepsin and papai-a by which silicification may have was about 90%, while it was low witn taken place, and the possibility trypsin. that Preliminary acid treatment the bristles and macrohairs are enhanced the digestibility with involved in the aetiology of trypsin. oesophageal cancer in N. China are

153 discussed. followed by tryptophan and the sulphur containing amino acids, 0659 MONTEIRO, P.V. 1982. Nonstarchy methionine and cystine. The lysine polysaccharides of italian content of the grain decreased with millet.Journal of Food Science 'and increase in protein content. The Technology 19: 208-209. 14 ref. total protein had a rather high content of leucine. Nonstarchy polysaccharides (NSP) SDS-polyacrylamide gel content in 14 varieties of italian electrophoresis of the protein millet ranged from 1.22 to 2.23% of fractions indicated similarities in the dehulled grain. Water-soluble the prolamin fraction and differences and alkali-soluble NSPs of the 2 in the albumin-globulin and glutelin varieties of the millet were isolated fractions of the different varieties. and partially characterized. The yield of alkali-soluble NSP is 0661 PARRY, D.W., and HODSON, M.J. approximately 6 times the 1982. Silica distribution in the water-soluble NSP. All the NSP caryoptis and inflorescene bracts of preparations contained glucose, foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) galactose, arabinose and xylose. The Beauv.) and its possible significance total carbohydrates in the two in carcinogenesis .Annals of Botany varieties were 68 and 82.5% 49: 531-540. 24 ref. respectively. The ratio of pentoses to hexoses in the NSP preparations Silicon deposits in the caryopsis was nearly unity, and inflorescence bracts of foxtail millet (Setaria itaiica) were 0660 MONTEIRO, P.V., VIRUPAKSUA, investigated using light microscopy, T.K., and RAO, D.R. 1982. Proteins scanning electrn microscopy and of italian millet: amino acid electron probe microanalysis. Tb composition, solubility, samples were obtained from Lin Xian, fractionation and electrophoresis of Henan province, northern China and protein fractions.Journal of the CSIRO, Australia. High Science of Food and Agriculture 33: concentrations of silicon were 1072-1079. 21 ref. observed in the papillae on the external surfaces of the Determination of the protein inflorescence bracts, and in the contenLs of 14 varieties of italian epidermal cells. In the caryopsis millet revealed considerable varietal silicon was deposited in the aleurone differences. The total protein of layer. Silicification was heavier in the 14 varieties was fractioned into the Lin Xian samples. The heavy albumin-globulin, prolamin and accumulation of silica in the foxtail glutelin fractions. The prolamin millet and the possibility that fraction constituted the major fragments of plant silica may be of storage protein of the grain. There implicated in the setiology was a positive correlation between oesophageal cancer ' the Lin Xian protein content and the prolamin region are discussed. levels of the seeds and the increase in proetin content is largely due to 0662 TAKANO, K., MATSUMOTO, S., an increase in the prolamin content. KAMOI, I., and OBARA, T. 1982. The amino acid composition of each of Studies on lipids of the glutinous 14 varieties of the millet and the italian millet.(Ja). Journal of individual protein fractions from Agricultural Science (Japan) 27(2): three varieties were determined. The 141-144. 11 ref. (Summary:En). limiting amino acids were lysine

154 nitrogen balance. Hay as the only source of energy and protein provided Utilization about half of animal's requirement for maintenance. It was concluded that further pasture evaluation and 0663 BAGHEL, R.P.S., and NETKE, improvement studies should be S.P. 1982. Studies on the andertaken to ensure increased animal incorporation of Kangni (Setaria production in Nigeria. italics) in starter chick diets.Indian Journal of Animal 0665 ANDREWS, A.C. 1982. Vegetative Sciences 52(6): 411-417. 9 ref. propagation of grasses in the highlands of northern Thailand.Thai In the diets of 1-14 days old male Journal of Agricultural Science chickens, Setaria italica replaced 15(3): 199-205. 7 ref. maize in a control diet of maize by 61%, groundnut oil meal 30.2% and Planting sprigs of fodder grasses fish meal 50%. Efficiency of feed into 2-year old swards of Desmodium conversion was adversely affected intortum and Trifolium semipilosum at when S. italica comprised more than 50 X 50 cm spacing yielded better 30% of the diet. In another 2 results than oversowing for the trials, use of S. italica in place of grasses Setaria anceps and Brachiaria maize in diets containing either decumbens. soyabean meal or solvent-extracted soyabeans as protein source, 0666 ANNING, P. 1982. Evaluation of significantly improved the weight introduced grass species for pastures gains. A diet of S. italica and in the dry tropics of North groundnut oilmeal, without fish meal, Queensland.Tropical Grasslands 16(3): gave better results than one of maize 136-145. 28 ref. and groundnut oilmeal. A range of introduced grasses was tested under cutting and grazing at five sites in the 1970's with WILD RELATIVES fertilizer applied at sowing only. In sward experiments with 12 lines, the General most persistent and productive were Brachiaria decumbens and Paspalum plicatulum. Nitrogen levels in mature 0664 ADU, I.F., and ADAMU, A.M. whole tops were below 1% in both sown 1982. The nutritive value and and native grasses and ranged from utilization of three tropical grass 1.1 to 2.2% in associated legume. In hays by sheep.Tropical Grasslands row experiments using 86 lines under 16(1): 29-33. 15 ref. uncontrolled grazing, best spread occurred in the high yielding Trials were carried out in Shika, Andropogon gayanus and Hyparrhenia Nigeria on Brachiaria decumbens, rufa (by seedlings) and the moderate Panicum maximum and Chenchrus yielding Bothrichloa insculpta, ciliaris hays using rams to determine Brachiaria humidicola and Chloris their nutritive value. The crude gayana (by stolons). Most of the protein content of the hays ranged persistent perennial grasses were between 3 and 5%. Although dry matter readily accepted and stock and intakes of 46 to 58g per 0.75kg W retained some greeness in the dry were considered adequate to meet season when native grasses were maintenance requirements, nutrient dormant. Sparse establishment of sown digestion coefficients were generally grasses occurred in these experiments low. All hays gave a negative and in commercial sowings. It is

155 suggested that the ability of a sown 8(4): 8-11. grass to spread is most important in the dry tropics particularly if sown Pennisetum purpureum, P. B. grasses are to be used in relatively clandestinum, Brachiaria mutica, low input pasture systems. decumbens, Digitaria decumbens, Panicum maximum, Chloris gayana and been 0667 ARIOVICH, D., and CRESSWELL, Paspalum diltatum have C.F. 1982. Mitochondrial structure recommended for growing in forage and frequency in different grass leaf Philippines to provide types.South African Journal of Botany throughout the year, thereby of rural 1(3): 78. (Abstract). preventing the overgrazing areas. Profile areas of bundle sheath cell mitochondria and chloroplasts of 0670 BENIGNO, D.R.A., and REYES, on the Digitaria eriantha, Panicum maximum T.T. 1982. Investigation and Eragrostis pallens were measured viruses of weeds.NRCP Research in electron micrographs using a Bulletin 37(1): 207-251. 23 ref. plainmeter. The ratio of mitochondrial ares Thloroplast area Viruses were isolated from a number indicated the mitochondrial of Philippine weed species including compartment in the photsynthetic Digitaria sanguinalis, Paspalum metabolism of the 3 C4 subgroups. conjugatum, and Echinochloa colonum. The results obtained agree with The transmission and host ranges of was Hatch's suggestion of high the viruses on economic plants mitochondrial frequency in the NAD-ME also studied. type. 0671 BLANCO, H.G., ROZANSKI, A., L. 1982. 0668 ATWATER, M.L., and BAUMAN, and LEIDERMAN, in T.T. 1982. Postemergent control of Experimentation with herbicides cepa annual grasses in soybeans.Pages the cultivation of onion (Allium of 16 67-68 In Proceedings, North Central L.) to evaluate the efficiency pre-emergence to Weed Control Conference, 1982. herbicides applied Indianapolis, USA: North Central Weed weeds (Eleusine indica, Digitaria Biologico Control Conference Inc. sanguinalis).(Pt). (Brazil) 48(5): 113-134. 11 ref. Herbicides were tested for control (Summry:En). of Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria EBERSOHN, faberi, Digitarii sanguinalis, 0672 BRUCE, R.C., and in two Sorghum bicolor, Setaria viridis and J.P. 1982. Litter measurements Setaria pumila in soyabeans. Sprays grazed pastures in Southeast Grasslands 16(4): at different rates were applied when Queensland.Tropical the grasses were 5-12 cm or 22-40 cm 180-185. 18 ref. high. Assessments 20-21 days after grass, spraying showed that on most species The pastures were pangola which was herbicides gave better kill from the (Digitaria dectaabens) early spray. Rates required for good meuium-heavily dnd continuously tropical species control overall were 0.22 kg, 0.09 grazed and Setaria kg, 0.17 kg and 0.11 kg/ha for CGA (Panicum maximum, intortum and 82725, Dowco 453, HOE 33171 and sphacelata, Desmodium which sethodyxim, respectively. Macroptilium atropurpureum) were lightly and intermittently The amount of litter 0669 BACONGUIS, S.R., PAMERON, F.P., grazed. from 81 to and NAVARRO, R.V. 1982. Grassland under pangola varied m. Under mixed tropical overgrazing degrades environment and 209 g/sq rural life I.Canopy International species it varied from 284 to

156 902 g/sq m being highest in Holdrege silt loam at North Platte, spring and lowest in early autumn. Nebraska. The more difficult to For pangola, litter accumulation control weed species included during a 28-day period ranged from 59 Panicum dichotomiflorum and Digitaria to 76 g/sq m per 28 d, or, assuming sanguinalis. uniform accumulation rates, 3 to 6 mg/g per d relative to the 0675 BURSON, B.L. 1982. amount of standing crop. For Hybridization of broad based tropical species accumulation germplasms for development of forage varied from 66 to 452 g/sq m per cultivars.Agronomy Abstracts. p. 147. 28 d with the highest amounts in spring. Pangola litter disappeared In the warm-season grasses, at rates from 9 to 54 g/sq m per 28 d interspecific hybridization programs or 3 to 10 mg/g per d relative to are or recently were underway litter on the ground, if a uniform utilizing species of the following disappearance rate is assumed over 28 genera:Bothriochloa - Dichanthium, days. For tropical species the Cenchrus, Cynodon, Eragrostis, corresponding figures were 12 to 422 Paspalum, and Pennisetum. Hybrids g/sq m per 28 d and 1 to 20 mg/g per with increased dry matter production, d. higher IVDMD, drought resistance, and other improved characteristics have 0673 BURDICK, B., HUTCHINS, A., and been recovered and are at various KINSELLA, J. 1982. Primary and escape stages of evaluation. Because annual grass control in soybeans with sterility is the major sethoxydim.Page limiting 72 In Proceedings, factor, Fl hybrids which are North Central Weed Control propagated vegetatively have Conference, been 1982. Indianapolis, USA: the most successful. The North Central Weed Control Conference manipulation of apomixis and Inc. production of apomictic Fl hybrids have also served In as a means of 24 trials, 0.1-0.3 lb/ac of escaping sterility. This has been sethoxydim gave 95-98% control of accomplished in the Bothriochloa Setaria faberi, S. viridis, S. dichanthium complex, Cenchrus and pumila, Echinochloa crus-galli, Eragrostis genera, and is underway in Digitaria sanguinalis, Eriochloa Paspalum and Pennisetum hybrids. villosa, Panicum dichotomiflorum, shattercane and volunteer maize. 0676 CHEW, W.Y., RAMLI, K., and Spray 32 days after sowing were MAJID, A.B.A. 1982. Nitrogen slightly better than those after 39 fertilization of guinea and napier days. Grass control at the end of grass (Panicum maximum and Pennisetum season was 99% from 0.2 lb/ac of purpureum) in Malaysian oligotrophic sethoxydim in another 125 trials, peat.Experimental Agriculture 18: 73-78. 5 ref. 0674 BURNSIDE, O.C., and WICKS, G.A. 1982. Weed control in corn Two field experiments studied the planted into untilled winter wheat nitrogen fertilizer requirements of stubble.Agronomy Journal 74(3): guinea and napier grass on peat. 521-526. 12 ref. Plants in the control plots though optimally limed and fertilized with This research dealt with finding other nutrients, absorbed only selective 1.7 weed control methods for and 2.4% of total peat N in a year corn in an eco-farming system and N fertilization improved DM consisting of a winter wheat yield, with an optimum at 900 corn-fallow rotation on a Sharpsburg kg/ha/yr. Further positive response silty clay loam at Lincoln and a was not observed, probably because

157 of a reduced ratio of N to other nutrients. Optimum N uptake, and N 0680 FALVEY, J.L., and ANDREWS, concentration in the DM, were A.C. 1982. Studies on improved achieved at 600 kg/ha/yr N but N pastures in the northern Thai recovery decreased linearly with highlands.Tropical Grasslands 16(2): increasing fertilizer N at the rate 83-86. 5 ref. of about 2-4% per 100 kg/ha/yr N. Improved pastures comprised of 0677 COOK, S.J. 1982. Yield and axillare, greenleaf desmodium, botanical composition of pastures Brachiaria decumbens, Setaria and established by owersowing.Pages 95-96 Paspalum dilatatum in the Thai In Annual report, Commonwealth Highlands were grazed at the pressure Scientific and Industrial Research of 210 and 420 kg liveweight/ba. Organization, Division of Tropical Half of the cattle at each grazing Crops and Pastures 1981-82. Brisbane, pressure received a monthly drench Australia: Commonwealth Scientific with an anthelmintic. Ingested and Industrial Research Organization. herbage quality and quantity were estimated from oesophageal fistula The effect of three methods of samples which indicated that low feed pasture establishment viz., int kes may limit productivity more broadcasting of seed, broadcasting than low feed quality. Liveweight after the pasture was killed with gains of cattle receiving herbicide, and sod-seeding, on anthelmintic treatment and grazing at population dynamics, botanical the low grazing pressure were composition and yield of the pasture significantly higher than those of was studied. Herbicide treatment was other cattle during the wet season. found necessary for establishment of Panicum maximum and Brachiaria 0681 FERRES T.,P. 1982. Evaluacion decumbens. primaria de gramineas forrajeras por el metodo de la transeccion 0678 CRESSWELL, C.F., FERRAR, P., foliar.(Es). Revista Tecnica, GRUNOW, J.0., GROSSMAN, D., Facultade de Agronomia, Universidad RUTHERFORD, M.C., and VAN WYK, de la Republica Uruguay 52: 77-102. J.J.P. 1982. Phytomass, seasonal 25 ref. (Summary:En). phenology and photosyntbetic studipes.Piges 476-497 In Ecology of The relation between the forage tropical savannas (eds. B.J. Huntley quality and the anatomical structure and B.F. Walker). Berlin, Germany: of their leaves, was investigated in Springr-,r - Verlag. 21 ref. grasses including warm season grass (Ecological Studies, 42). species of Eragrostis, Panicum, Paspalum and Pennisetum. The method Photosynthetic characteristics of used was the drawing of leaf the savanna species including transverse section; the measuring of Digitaria eriantha and Panicum the area of such tissue, and the maximum are discussed. calculation of their proportion in the total area of the transverse 0679 CRUZ, L.S.P., and SAITO, S.Y. section. In cool season species 1982. Application of napropamide for there was a clear relation between the control of weeds (Eleusine anatomical structure of leaves and indica, Digitaria sanguinalis) in an forage quality. On the contrary, in industrial tomato crop.(Pt). warm season grasses, this relation Proceedings of the Tropical Region, was not so clear, due to a greater American Society for Horticultural uniformity of the tissues porportion Science 25: 439-444. 18 ref. in the different species, and the (Summary:En). variance proportion of parenchyma

158 colorless cells in the midrib of the Dry matter yield was increased by P blade in some species. application.

0682 GARDENER, C.J., MC IVOR, J.G., 0685 GONCALVES, C.A., OLIVEIRA, JR. and JANSEN, A. 1982. Survival of DA C., and MEDEIROS, J. DA C. 1982. seeds in the digestive tract and Mixtures of forage grasses and faeces of cattle.Pages 105-106 In legumes in Rondonia.(Pt). Comunicado Annual report, Commonwealth Tecnico, Unidade de Execucao de Scientific and Industrial Research Pesquisa de Ambito Estadual de Porto Organization, Division of Tropical Velho, No. 16. 5 pp. Crops and Pastures 1981-82. Brisbane, Australia: Commonwealth Deals with the mixed cropping of ScienLific and Industrial Research forage grasses including Brachiaria Organization. humidicola, Paspalum plicatulum, Panicum maximum and Setaria Seeds of ten introduced legumes and sphacelata with legumes at Ji-Parana seven introduced grasses were placed and Porto Velho (Rondonia). Results in the rumen of fistulated steers and are discussed in relation to dry sequential samples of both seed matter yield, botanical composition output and viability in the faeces and crude protein content. were taken. Very large differences in seed survival were found between the 0686 HACKER, J.B. 1982. grass species. The percentage of Establishment of tropical grasses seedling survival was 50.8 for when sown into native pasture.Page 28 Pennisetum clandestinum, 4.5 for In Annual report, Commonwealth Brachiaria decumbens and 0.8 for Scientific and Industrial Research Panicum maximum. Organization, Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures 1981-82. 0683 GERARDO, J., and OLIVA, 0. Brisbane, Australia: Commonwealth 1982. Zone evaluation of pastures Scientific and In.4ustrial Research introduced in Cuba. X. With cutting Organization. irrigation and fertilizing.(Es). Pastos y Forrajes 5(3): 265-278. 32 Forty accessiones in various ref. (Summary:En). species of the genera Digitaria, Cenchrus, Brachiaria and Panicum were 0684 GONCALVES, C.A., MEDEIROS, J. sown in 10 cm diameter disturbed DA C., and OLIVEIRA, J.R. DA C. sites in a mown native spear grass 1982. Introduction and evaluation of pasture. All grass species were forage grasses and legumes in fertilised with superphosphate and Rondonia.(Pt). Boletim de Pesquisa, seedlings were assessed for height Unidade de Excucao de Pesquisa de and tiller number. The survival of Ambito Estadual de Porto Velhi, no. Digitaria and Brachiaria was markedly 1. 35 pp. 19 ref. (Summary:En). superior to that of Canchrus and Panicun. The superiority of From May 1977 to December 1980, 15 DigitAria was associated with early grasses and 15 legumes were evaluated tiilering. to determine their adaptation to local climatic and soil conditions. 0687 HACKER, J.B., SHAW, N.H., and The most promising grass species were MANNETJE, L. 1982. More beef from Brachiaria humidicola and Axonopus spear grass country. Pasture species in Ji-Parana and Porto Velho, research at Rodd's Bay, Central Panicum maximum and Setaria Queensland, 1945-77.St. Lucia, sphacelata in Porto Velho and Queensland, Australia: Commonwealth Paspalum plicatulum in Ji-Parana. Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. 41 pp. 24 ref.

159 Reviews 30 years of research on than 2 grass plants per linear foot spear grass dominated pastures of of crop row. central Queensland. Native pastures were shown to be of low quality and 0690 HAUSER, V.L. 1982. Punch poorly utilized by cattle. Many planting to establish grass.Journal grasses and legumes were evaluated of Range Management 35(3): 294-297. as potential species for sowing in 13 ref. the pasture. Chloris gayana, Paspalum plicatulum and Panicum Punch planting was investigated to species were found to be well adapted avoid the problem of soil drying to Rodd's Bay. around grass seeds, viz., Eragrostis curvula, and Panicum coloratum. 0688 HANDLEY, J.V., HA"V.OND, L.E., Punch planting is defined as the and SAUNDERS, E.S. 1982. Annual grass placement of seeds in open, control with tridiphane (Dowco 356) small-diameter holes, punches in the combinations as affected by spray soil to a much greater depth than coverage, grass species and grass conventional planting. Under drying size.Pages 38-40 In Proceedings, conditions, punch planting produced North Central Weed Control satisfactory stands for 5 grasses, Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, USA: but conventional planting produced North Central Weed Control Conference failures. Where the soil was kept Inc. wet, both methods produced satisfactory grass stands. Optimum Tridiphane + strazine mixtures gave depth of punch planting was related 92, 80, 77, 66 and 59% control of to seed size and seedling vigor. Setaria faberi, Echinochloa Small-diameter holes (0.6 cm) crus-galli, S. lutescens, Digitaria produced best plant emergence, sp., and S. virid~s respectively, because soil at the bottom of these Level ot control was better with holes dried slower than at the bottom early than with late post-emergence of large 1oles. sprays. 0691 HINNANT, R.T., and KOTRMANN, 0689 HARRIS, T.C., and RITTER, R.L. M.M. 1982. Potassium content of three 1982. Fall panicum and giant green grass species during winter.Journal foxtail interference in of Range Management 35(2): 211-213. soybeans.Proceedings Northeastern 17 ref. Weed Science Society 36: 7. (Abstract). The potassium content of little bluestem, kleingrass (Panicum A field experiment was conducted in coloratum), and brownseed paspalum 1981 at Queenstown (Maryland) to (Paspalum plicatulum) declined investigate the competitive effects following plant senescence and frost. of Panicum dichotomilflorum and The potassium content of herbage of Setaria viridis in soyabean. little bluestem and brounseed Natural grass infestation for the paspalum reached levels below the first 8 weeks did not decrease requirements of cattle by February soybean yield or soybean biomass. during two winters. KleiAgrass From 10th week onwards natural grass leaves retained green tissue the interference : esulted in biomass and first winter yielding higher yield loss. Yields from weed free potassium levels. Little bluestem plots were greater than the yield had reached senescence and had low from infested plots. The competitive levels of potassium by November. threshold for a fall panicum and Herbage of the three species was also giant green foxtail mixture (3:1) was subjected to soaking treatments to unknown but appeared to be greater simulate frost damage and quantify

160 losses due to leaching. Potassium (Sumary:Ja). levels declined with soaking in freeze, damaged herbage as time of The dry matter yield/year increased exposure increased. Soaking for napier grass and guinea grass treatments did not significantly with longer cutting intervals but affect the potassium content of fresh decreased for rhodes grass at a three live herbage. month interval. The leaf/stem ratio, affecting the digestible dry matter 0692 HOPKINSON, J.M., and ENGLISH, yield, decreased with longer B.H. 1982. Harvest efficiency in seed intervals in the three grass species crops of gatton panic (Panicum as well as the in vitro dry matter maximum) and signal grass (Brachiaria digestibility. The latter was lower decumbens).Tropical Grasslands 16(4): in warm and higher in cooler seasons, 201-205. 5 ref. tending Co be higher in leaf than in stem. In napier grass the digestible Header harvest efficiency was dry matter yield/year was the highest monitored in seven seed crops of with longer cutting intervals, Panicum maximum and six of Brachiaria tending to have no effect or to decumbens grown on the Atherton decrease in guinea grass. In rhodes Tableland, Queensland, between 1976 grass a two month interval yielded and 1979. On average, direct heading the highest. It concluded that for recovered a little over half the pure the highest digestible dry matter seed of gatton panic standing in the yield/year napier grass should be cut crop, gathering and separation losses with longer intervals and rhodes each being about 25%. The operaton grass with shorter while guinea grass did not selectively recover mature seems not to be affected. seed, and the characteristics of standing and harvested pure seed were 0694 KITAMURA, Y., ABE, J., and alike. Gathering losses in signal HORIBATA, T. 1982. A cropping system grass were estimated at about 66% of for tropical forage grasses in the the total pool of seed, which South-western islands of Japan. I. included detached seed caught in the Dry matter yields of rhodes grass, mat of leaf. Separation losses amount guinea grass and napier grass as to 16%. Separation was selective for affected by growth season and mature seed, and the pure seed clipping interval.Journal of Japanese discharged over the straw wzlkers was Society of Grassland Science 28(l): predominantly immature. Gathering 33-40. 14 ref. (Summary:Ja). losses in both species arose largely from seed being over-ridden by the The effect of cutting interval on cutter bar. Separation losses were dry matter production of three grass due predominantly to inefficient species was correlated with threshing. meteorological data. The highest yield/year was obtained with napier 0693 KITAMURA, Y., ABE, J., and grass with a cutting interval of HORIBATA, T. 1982. A cropping system three months followed by rhodes and for tropical forage grasses in the guinea grass with two. The monthly South-western islands of Japan. 2. yields showed a clear seasonal In vitro dry matter digestibility and variation being generally higheet in digestible dry matter yields of the April-September months and lowest rhodes grass guinea grass and napier in the September-March period. The grass as affected by growth season moisture percentages were higher in and clipping interval.Journal of napier grass than in the other two Japanese Society of Grassland and showed a seas-nal pattern being Science 28(1): 41-47. 13 ref. higher from July to October and lower from November to May.

161 0695 KRETSCHMER, A.E., JR., and boron content and SNYDER, G.H. 1982. Comparison P. maximum the of lowest. An increase in mixtures of seven tropical the gypsum legumes level decreased the boron and six tropical grasses in content of South the soil which in turn decre3sed Florida.Proceedings of the Soil the and boron content of all the grasses. Crop Science Society of Florida 41: 67-72. 10 ref. 0697 LUDLOW, M.M., STOBB, T.H., DAVIS, R., and Seven tropical legumes were CHARLES-EDWARDS, D.A. grown 1982. Effect of sward structure in mixtures with each of 6 tropical oi two tropical grasses with contrastir.g grasses in field trials. Desmodium canopies on light distribution, heterocarpon gave the lowest net photosynthesis and size of b".te establishment yield while Stylosanthes harvested by grazing guianensis gave the cattle.Australian highest Journal of of 7 legumes. All 6 grass Agricultural species Research 33: 187-251. including Echinochloa 35 ref. polystachya, and bahia similar grass yielded amounts (1.4-1.7 t/ha). The During growth regulators the production phase (2-chloroethyl) significant yield trimethylammonium differences among chloride (CCC) legumes and and gibberillic acid among grasses occurred (GA) were for all harvest dates, used to alter the leaf area but a grass X density of legume Setaria sphacelata and interaction occurred in the Digitaria July harvests. decumbens. GA increased plant height, the length of stem 0696 KUMAR, A., internodes, and the size of and ABROL, I.P. harvested by bite 1982. Note on the cattle. On the other effect of gypsum hand, CCC decreased levels on the canopy height, boron content of soil and increased and its uptake leaf area density and by five forage grasses bite bize. in a highly The variation of leaf leaf sodic soil.Indian Journal area of Agricultural density, investigated Sciences 52(9): experimentally 615-617. 8 ref. by using growth regulators (5-25/M) and theoretically by simulation A field experiment was conducted modelling (5-40/M), during had no significant effect on either 1973 and 1974 in a highly leaf sodic or canopy photosynthetic soil to study ,he effect of 5 characteristics. There would be levels of gypsum (0, 3.12, 6.25, 9.37 a negligible reduction in yield of md 12.50 t/ha) on changes in boron content these tropical grasses if their leaf and its uptake by hybrid area densities were increased up to a Pennisetum purpureum x P. typhoides, value of 40/M, which exceeds Brachiaria mutica, those of Setaria temperate pastures. sphacelata, Panicum Cynodon maximum, and dactylon. Application of 0698 MARTIN, P.C. 1982. gypsum significantly decreased the boron contents Relationships between nutrient at all the soil content depths. digestibility and energy Gypsum at 12.50 t/ha was concentration more effective in reducing in tropical the boron grasses.Cuban Tournal content of soil. of Agricultural In 1973 there Science 16(2): was progressive 155-160. 13 ref. decrease in the (Summary:Ru). boron content of grasses upto the highest gypsum level. C. dactylon Data from 67 in vivo digestibility contained the highest amount of boron tests of 21 pastures and followed by S. sphacelata, and tropical P. forage grasses including Brachiaria maximum. In 1974 hybrid P. purpureum sp., Digitaria sp., Paspalum op., and x P. typhoides showed the highest Pennisetum sp. were employed for

162 establishing the relationships cutting height and frequency.Tropical between chemical composition, Grasslands 16(3): 112-117. 13 ref. digestibility and their energy concentration, when crude fibre (CF) A clipping experiment was carried varied from 14 to 44% and the crude out (1973-75) in protein (CP) between a high rainfall, 3 and 16%. humid environment at South Johnstone Results show that the correlations in north-eastern Queensland. between CF and CP content The and the grasses examined were common and digestibility of CF are not makueni guinea (Panicum maximum), significant. The CF content setaria (Setaria sphacelata), significantly affected DM digestibility, basilisk signal grass (Brachiaria concentration of decumbens) and pangola grass metabolizatle energy (ME) and fat net (Digitaria decumbens). energy (FNE). The content Cutting of net frequencies were 3, 6 and 12 weeks free energy (NFE) was significantly with cutting heights of 5, 10 and correlated to the digestibility 15 of cm (stoloniferous grasses) and 10, 20 NFE. The use of DM digestibility for and 30 cm (tufted grasses) in predicting ME concentration 1973-74 due to and 5, 10 and 20 cm for all grasses high correlation coefficient (R=0,96) in 1974-75. Increasing between these the cutting variables is frequency decreased yield recommended. but increased the nitrogen concentration. Cutting height 0699 MC had no effect on the IVOR, J.G., WILLIAMS, W.T., nitrogen concentration ,, ANNING, P., CLEM, grasses and R.L., and FINLAY, only a small effect ;,&:dry matter M.C. 1982. The performance of yield. In 1973-74 the yield of introduced grasses tufted in seasonally dry grasses cut at the 12-week frequency tropical environments in northern declined Australia.Australian with increasing cutting Journal of height. However, in 1974-75 Experimental the Agriculture and Animal inclusion of 5 cm cutting Husbandry 22(118-119): reduced the 373-381. 12 yield of setaria, common guinea and ref. signal relative to 20 cm cutting. The yield performance Fifty two introduced of makueni grass guinea and S. sphacelata var. accessions from forty species were splendida confirm their potential as grown at 14 sites in northern useful grasses in wet tropics. Australia for five years to assess their d?,Iree of adaptation. 0701 MOIR, K.W. 1982. Digestible Measureme a.i of plant persistance, cell wall and undigested cellular growth during the wet season, and contents of two grasses of low spread net were combined to develop an energy value adaptation for growing index. This varied in cattle.Journal of Agricultural value from 0-100 and a value of 50 or Science (Cambridge) 99: 207-208. more was taken to indicate an adapted grass. According to this In two grasses (Digitaria decumbens criterion, Brachiaria decumbens, B. and Setaria sphacelata) of humidicola, Digitaria low net milanjiana, D. e-iergy value for growth and fattening smutsil, and Paspalum plicatulum were of cattle, digestible found to be adapted cell-wall to atleast one values were close to 40% of forage site. The accessions were placed in organic matter (OM), sivilar to the performance groups on the basis of expected value for grass. A value of their growth at the different sites. 14% of forage OM for apparently undigested 0700 cellular contents in both MIDDLETON, C.H. 1982. Dry grasses was just outside matter and nitrogen the range of changes in five values for grass. The data supported tropical grasses as influenced by previous evidence that total cell

163 wall is the only value that can be of forage and crude protein yields used at present to define grass in followed by, guinea grass. Mixing terms of its digestible dry matter. cowpea with perennial grasses (hybrid napier and guinea grass) does not 0702 MOOSO, G.D., JOLLEY, V.D., appear to be compatible at the normal ROBISON, L.R., and NELSON, S.D. spacing of the grasses. Cowpea mixes 1982. Sulfur-coated urea versus well with maize and sorghum but the ammonium nitrate on the production of yields of these crops and crop four warm-season grasses.Agronomy combinations are comparatively low. Abstracts. p. 277. 0704 NELSON, S.D., MOOSO, G.D., A fertility study comparing JOLLEY, V.D., and ROBISON, L.R. sulfur-coated urea and ammonium 1982. Fritted micronutrient and NPK nitrate on warm-season grass effects on the production and production was conducted on the composition of three warm-season Deseret Ranches in Central Florida. grasses.Agronomy Abstracts. p. 216. Four warm-season grasses, pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) bigalta Paspalum notatum, bigalta limpograss, pangola digitgrass limpograss and Digitaria decumbens (Digitaria decumbens), and callie were treated with six fertilizer bermudagrass were treated with six treatments at two levels of frit levels of amnonium nitrate and sulfur application in May 1980. The six - coated urea. Phosphorus and treatments were: 1) control, 2) 180 potassium were applied in conjunction kg N/ha, 3) 20 kg P/ha, 4) 75 kg with the nitrogen sources in a 9:1:4 K/ha, 5) 11 kg Zn/ha, and 6) a ratio of N-P-K. Treatments were combination of treatments 2, 3, 4, applied in June 1981 and plots were and 5 . Each treatment was split and harvested three times du:ring the one-half received no frit and the growing season. Treatment level other received 84 kg/ha fritted significantly affected the total micronutrients (3% B, 3% Cu, 18% Fe, annual dry matter production for each 7.5% Mn, 0.2% Mo, and 7% Zn). Dry of the grasses. Pangola digitgrass matter yield and nutrient composition and pensacola bahiagrass treated with were determined on four cuttings of sulf-ir-coated urea produced each grass. No significant yield significantly less dry matter than response occurred from the when treated with ammonium nitrate. application of fritted No significant differences between micronutrients. Yield increases were fertilizer sources were observed with significant for all grasses and most bigalta limpograss or callie cuttings from the nitrogen and bermudagrass. complete fertilizer treatments. Nutrient composition was )703 NAIR, R.V., NAIR, M.S., and significantly affected by several ABDUL SALAM, M. 1982. Comparison of fertilizer treatments. forage cropping systems in the oxisol of Kerala.Madras Agricultural Jourual 0705 NICOL, D.C., BISSET, W.J., and 69(10): 653-659. MARLOWE, G.W.C. 1982. A study of cattle grazing improved and native An experiment conducted to compare pastures in Southeast Queensland and the productivity of a few forage some dynamics of siratro-based cropping systems and to study the pastures.Tropical Grasslands 16(2): feasibility of mixing cowpea with 55-62. 18 ref. annual cereals and perennial grasses, in the laterite soils of Kerala In an unreplicated experiment, mean revealed that among the grasses, liveweight gains per animal and per hybrid napier was superior in terms hectare were 67 and 305% greater,

164 respectively, from steers grazing of Grassland Science 28(2): 170-175. fertilized Siratro-green couch grass 14 ref. (Summary:En). pastures at 1.5 beasts/ha than from steers grazing unfertilized native When sown on the same date, tillers pastures of mainly speargrass at 0.62 of green panic developed before the beasts/ha over a 4-year period. 9-leaf stage of the main stem and Rhode grass and Setaria sphacelata inflorescences differentiated at the proved to be vigorous and persistent 10-leaf stage, while tillers of companions for Siratro in this Setaria anceps developed before the environment. Panicum maximum and 15-leaf stage and inflores-nces at Paspalum plicatulum were unsuccessful, the 15-leaf stage of the main stem. When the main stem reached in 0706 NISHIHIRA, T., and NISHIMURA, ripening stage, most heading tillers S. 1982. Studies on the seed of green panic had almost reached production of tropical grasses. 4. flowering whereas inflorescence Judging the seed harvesting time of developed in S. anceps varied greatly green panic and Kazungula setaria in between tillers. The period from relation to the characters of heads inflorescence initiation to the borne on the tillars developed at expansion of the flag leaf was 12 and different times.(Ja). Jonrnal of 15 days respectively. Japanese Society of Grassland Science 28(1): 27-32. 9 ref. (Summary:En). 0708 NISHIHIRA, T., and NISHIMURA, S. 1982. Studies on the seed Heading time, head length, seed production of tropical grasses. 6. yield, and number of full and viable The effects of temperature on the seeds of tillers developed at development of inflorescence, heading different times were investigated, and seed yield in green panic and The heads in both spp. emerged Kazungula setaria.(Ja). Journal of irregularly over a long period of Japanese Society of Grassland Science time even from the tiller developed 28(2): 176-181. 12 ref. nearly at the same time. For Panicum (Summary:En). maximum head length and seed weight/head were more affected by In phytotron studies, green panic heading time than by time of and Setaria anceps were grown tillering, being superior in the at 20, 25 or 30 deg C. Inflorescnece e-:ly emerged heads. In Setaria development of green panic was a. ceps both time of tillering and fastest at 25 deg and heading rate heading were of influence, head was similar in all tillers, while in length and seed weight being far Setaria anceps flowering rate was not superior in early emerging heads and affected by temperature but there was early developed tillers. The number wide variation between tillers, of full and viable seeds/head was for especially at 30 deg. Total number P. maximum the highest in the heads of heading tillers was maximum at 25 developed at the peak of heading, deg for both species as was seed while for S. anceps this was during weight/head. Seed weight/head was three days before and at the peak of lowest at 30 deg C in green panic and heading. at 20 deg C in Setaria anceps.

0707 NISHIHIRA, T., and NISHIMURA, 0709 OUEDRAOGO, P.M. 1982. S. 1982. Studies on the seed Contribution to the study of moist production of tropical grasses. 5. conservation method in perennial Development of the inflorescence on graminaceous forages (Panicum the tillers developed at different maximum, Pennisetum purpureum).(Fr). times in green panic and Kazungula Theses, Universite d'Ouagadougou, setaria.Journal of Japanese Society Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. 72 pp.

165 31 ref. mechanically, mechanically/chemically or chemically. With sorghum and 0710 PEREZ INFANTE, F. 1982. Effects wheat herbicide-treated seedbeds gave of different pasture components on poor seedling growth. Weed control the consumption and milk production was excellent in all soyabean plots, of cows grazing in five different regardless of cropping system or pastures.Cuban Journal of seedbed preparation method. Wee Agricultural Science 16(2): 141-147. control was adequate in all the 10 ref. (Summary:Ru). sorghum plots, except the chemically prepared seedbed in monoculture, Pasture samples were taken during 4 where large crabgrass (Digitaria years from grasslands of guinea grass sanguinalis) and fall panicum (Panicum maximum), pangola grass (Panicum dichtomiflorum) developed. (Digitaria decumbens), pangola Coastal bermuda grass sown in 0712 PINEDO RUIZ, W. 1982. alternate rows, pangola-Coastal Utilization of four grass forage bermuda grasses sown each in half of species (Brachiaria mutica, the area and para grass (Brachiaria Pennisetum purpureum, Axonopus mutica) for determining their dry scoparius, Echinochloa polystachya), matter (DM), crude protein (CP), in rabbit feeding in the tropic.(Es). crude fiber (CF) and ashes under Thesis, Universidad Nacional Agraria grazing conditions and to relate them de la Selva, Tingo Maria, Peru. 67 to pasture consumption and milk pp. 25 ref. production. Data were processed using a regression analysis and a 0713 PITMAN, W.D., and HOLT, E.C. linear correlation between the lnS2. Environmental relationships variables consumption (Y) and milk with forage quality of warm-season production (Y) and pasture components perennial grasses.Crop Science 22(5): (X). CF was the only pasture 1012-1016. 15 ref. component which affected both variables. This component presented Studies the patterns of significant regressions for digestibility of kleingrass (Setaria consumption iin the pasture of macrostachya) in relation to pangola, those of pangola bermuda temperature, rainfall, relative sown in alternat:e rows, and sown each humidity, and day length under field in half of the area. In uilk conditions. From analyses with all production, CF has a negative effect four grasses combined, leaf and stem on the bermuda-pangola grasses sown in vitro digestible organic matter in alternate rows and on para grass. (IVDOM) was negatively correlated CP appears uot to be significantly with temperature and daylength and related to consumption or milk was positively correlated with production. measures of moisture conditions. Concludes that the overall trends in 0711 PETERSON, D.E., and RUSS, O.G. digestibility can be anticipated from 1982. Conservation tillage in several knowledge of environmental factors, crop production systems.Page 11 In but forage digestibility cannot be Proceedings, North Central Weed accurately predicted from Control Conference, 1982. macroenvironmental factors. Indianapolis, USA:North Central Weed Control Conference Inc. (Abstract). 0714 QUEIROZ FILHO, J.L. DE, SAIBRO, J.C. DE, and RIBOLDI, J. 1982, Sorghum, soyabeans and wheat were Effect of nitrogen and cutting regime grown in monoculture and in a on nitrate accumulation in the summer soyabean/sorghum and a soyabean/wheat production of perennial forage rotation with seedbeds prepared grasses.(Pt). Revista da Sociedade

166 Brasileira de Zootecnia 11(4): were compared with those for grass 734-745. (Summary:En). alone receiving five levels of N (0, 56, 112, 224 and 448 kg N/ha per Brachiaria decumbens, B. radicans, year). Mean DM production was B. ruziziensis, B. humidicola, buffel significantly higher with exotic grass, Paspalum saurae, dallis grass, legume-grass mixtures. Crude protein P. guenoarum, guinea grass and and amount of N fixed were also Setaria sphacelata were given 200 or higher with exotic legume-grass 400 kg N/ha in a greenhouse. mixtures but differences were not Increasing N increased nitrate-N significant. Apparent N fixation for content significantly. B. the legumes ranged from 31 to 136 ruziziensis (1818 p.p.m.) and B. kg/ha per year with tall guinea and radicans (1609 p.p.m.) had the trom 83 to 182 kg/ha per year with highest nitrate-N contents in dried corigrass. Apparent N transfer from forage from swards given 400 kg N and legume to associated grass ranged S. sphacelata had the lowest content from 5 to 23 kg/ha per year with tall under both treatments, 428 and 500 guinea and from 13 to 42 kg/ha per p.p.m., respectively. In a 2nd year with corigrass. Although experiment, B. radicans was given exotic legumes fixed more N, 0-400 kg N/ha and cut 3 times at significantly higher percentages were 21-day intervals after 42 days transferred by local legumes. followed by 2 cuts at 21-day intervals or after 63 days and 21 0717 SANDANAM, S., SOMARATNE, A., days. Nitrate-N increased with and AMARASEKERA, A.R. 1982. An increasing N but was reduced by assessment of the suitability of five delaying the Ist cut. The highest graminaceous species for soil nitrate-N content (1626 p.p.m.) was reconditioning before replanting obtained with 400 kg N and cut 3 tea. 2. Effect of species on some times at 21-day intervals, soil physical and chemical properties.Tea Quarterly (Sri Lanka) 0715 RELWANI, L.L., NAKAT, R.V., 51(3): 108-117. 2 ref. and KHANDALE, D.Y. 1982. Intercropping of four Leucaena The effect of soil reconditioning cultivars with three grasses before planting tea with guatemala (Pennisetum purpureum X P. grass, mana grass, guinea grass, americanum, Panicum maximum, Chloris sugar-cane and Eragrostis was gayana).Leucaena Research Reports 3: evaluated. Infiltration rate varied 41. with location and species used for soil reconditioning. In general all 0716 REYNOLDS, S.G. 1982. the species tested increased Contributions to yield, nitrogen infiltration rate compared to that fixation and transfer by local and under old seedling tea. Organic exotic legumes in tropical carbon status alone did not reflect grass-legume mixtures in western the addition of top and root Samoa.Tropical Grasslands 16(2): residues. In two experiments where 76-80. 20 ref. water retention at 0.1 bar and 15 bar were evaluated, guatemala grass Four exotic legumes and 3 appeared to increase it. Particle indigenous legumes were compared for size distribution was affected in one dry matter (DM) and crude protein experiment probably due to soil (CP) production, nitrogen fixation erosion following uprooting tea. and nitrogen transfer when grown Nutrient status determined at the end separately with Panicum maximum (tall of the reconditioning period in one guinea grass) and Brachiaria experiment did not show any marked miliiformis (corigrass). Results change due to treatments.

167 of cutting height on the dry weight of Brachiaria decumbens and 718 SANDANAM, S., SOMARATNE, A., yield splendida.(In). Ilmu dan and AMARASEKERA, A.R. 1982. An Setaria 1(0): 22-24. assessment of the suitability of five Peternakan graminaceous species for soil A.G., and GLOSER, J. reconditioning before replanting tea. 0721 SUAREZ, course of foliar 1. Effect of species on enrichment of 1982. Time water in Panicum and matter status by top and root absorption of organic Plantarum 24(3): residues.Tea Quarterly (Sri Lanka) Paspalum.Biologia 7 ref. 51(3):99-107. 15 ref. 226-230. of Panicum maximum and Organic matter addition to the soil The leaves recovered from water in the form of loppings (dry weight) Paspalum notatum 1 to 3 H after varied with the location between 10 deficit within No substantial and 44 t/ha with guatemala grass, surface wetting. were found in absorption 27-58 t/ha with mana grass, 18-45 differences of abaxial and adaxial leaf t/ha with guinea grass, 11-29 t/ha activity apical and basal with sugar-cane and 36 t/ha with epidermis between a leaf blade, or between Eragrostis. The correspondng in situ parts of age. addition of root residues in the leaves of different 75 cm of soil for these species first R., ASAKAWA, averaged 12.9, 6.4, 11.5, 4.8 and 0722 SYLVESTER-BRADLEY, S. LA, MAGALHAES, 4.55 t/ha, respectively. Taking into N., TORRACA, L.A., and PEREIRA, these organic matter F.M.M., OLIVEIRA, account survey of at the end of the R.M. 1982. A quantitative additions bacteria of reconditioning period it is concluded phosphate solubilizing of Amazonia forage that guatemala grass and guinea grass the rhizosphere legumes.(Pt). Acta are more suited than sugar-cane or grasses and (Brazil) 12(0): 15-22. 20 Eragrostis. Amazonica ref. (Summary:En). 0719 SANDOVAL, C.R., MACHADO, J.O., ohoosing a selective ROSA, F.V., and BARBOSA, J.C. 1982. After suitable for most of microorganisms able to enrichment medium Density solubilizing solubilize dicalcium phosphate in the phosphate a quantitative survey rhizosphere of four tropical forage microorganisms, was made in the rhizosphere grass species.(Pt). Cientifica of these Brachiaria decumbens, B. 10(1): 25-33. 12 ref. (Summary:En). of: humidicola, Paspalum plicatum, and other grasses and The density of microorganisms Panicum maximum with and without capable of solubilizing dicalcium legumes The largest numbers of phosphate was measured at depths of fertilizers. solubilizing bacteria 5, 10, 20 and 30 cm beneath phosphate in the rhizosphere of the field-grown guinea grass, jaragua occurred species grasses without grass, Brachiaria decumbens and leguminous except Hyparrhenia rufa bermuda grass at weekly intervals for fertilisers, The total number of 140 days. Microbial density varied and P. maximum. was greater in the from 1000 to 1 million cells/g dried microorganisms without fertiliser in all soil. The greatest density occurring treatments beneath jaragua grass. The greaLest grasses analysed. density occurred at a depth of 5 cm TOLEDO, J.M., and SERRAO, for all spp. and was not dependent on 0723 1982. Pasture and animal temperature or moisture content. E.A.S. production in Amazonia.Pages 281-309 In Amazonia: agriculture and land use 0720 SIREGAR, N.E., HARYANTO, B., (ed. S.B. Hecht). Cali, and HERAWATI, T. 1982. The influence research

168 Colombia: Centro Internacional de Pflanzenphysiologie 105(4): 289-296. Agricultura Tropical. 64 ref. 26 ref.

Soil. characteristics of the Amazon Activities of the nitrate reducing region and nutrient recycling in enzymes were high enough to account tropical forest and legume/grass for a high nitrate assimilatory pasture ecosystems are described potential in Pennisetum purpureum, indicating probable trends in soil Brachiaria mutica, Chloris gayana, fertility and organic matter after and Panicum maximum. Th major changing from forest to pasture. proportion of the enzyme Persistance of native species complement was found in the including guinea grass, Brachiaria mesophyll fraction, corresponding decumbens and B. humidicola is to the site of malate or aspartate outlined and improved forage grasses synthesis. Nitrate reductase and and legumes introduced into the NADH glutamate dehydrogenase were region are listed. Effects of localized in the cytoplasm while various pasture species used for nitrite reductase, NADPH A]utamate grazing or hay on cattle and buffalo dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase production are discussed. were predominantly chloroplast-localized. Occurrence of 0724 TOTHILL, J.C. 1982. Improving glutamine synthetase in appreciable the grass component of native quantities indicated the operation of pastures.Pages 92-93 In Annual the GS/GOGAT pathway in addition to report, Commonwealth Scientific and the NAD(P)H glutamate dehydrogenase Industrial Research Organization, route of ammonia assimilation in the Division of Tropical Crops and C4 grasses studied. Pastures 1981-82. Brisbane, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific 0726 WATT, L.A. 1982. Germination and Industrial Research Organization. characteristics of several grass species as affected by limiting water A study was conducted to potentials imposed through a cracking investigate if genetic enrichment of black clay soil.Australian Journal of pastures was posssible through Agricultural Research 33: 223-231. introduction and self regeneration 24 ref. process of suitable genotypes. The results showed that the frequency and The effects of limiting water density of five grasses sown in a 0.1 potentials on the germination ha block continued increasing in the characteristics of 12 grasses order of Urochloa mosambicensis > including Panicum decompositum, P. Digitaria smutsii > Panicum maximum > coloratum, Setaria porphyrantha, and Bothriochloa insculpta > Brachiaria Pennisetum clandestinum were studied. decumbens. The first two species Germination was prevented in were showing to be very aggressive all species at water potentials with respect to the native species well short of wetting point and and to Siratro. The amount of different species had their green panic in a paddock of less germination prevented at different than 3.4 ha also increased in 1982 to potentials. Generally the native the extent that it became an grasses required wetter conditions to important pasture component. germinate than the exotic grasses, although there were some exceptions. 0725 VENKATARAMANA, S., and DAS, A partial germination condition, V.S.R. 1982. Distribution of nitrogen caused by limited water availability, assimilating enzymes in relation to occurred to differing degrees amongst photosynthesis in certain C4 the species. Some species retained grasses.Zeitschrift fur their viability when desiccated in

169 the partially germinated condition, during the spring at the Inverelll but other species lost their Research Centre. The two species viability. The partial germination with the highest rating for phenomenon appears important to the establishment, Dichanthium sericeum germination ecology of some species and Bothriochloa macra, gave good but not to others. seedling emergence with only 3 days of seedbed watering, had early and 0727 WATT, L.A., and WHALLEY, rapid seed germination, germinated R.D.B. 1982. Effect of sowing depth well over a wide range of and seedling morphology on temperatures and had fast root and establishment of grass seedlings on shoot extension rates. The fast root cracking black earths.Australian and shoot growth rate of Panicum Rangeland Journal 4(2): 52-60. 33 decompositum compensated for slow ref. speed of germination and gave good establishment rating. Panicum decompositum, and Setaria porphyrantha showed good 0729 WHITNEY, A.S. 1982. The role of establishment capacity. In an legumes in mixed pastures.Pages investigation of sowing depths of 10, 361-367 In Biological nitrogen 20, 30 or 50 mm, P. decompositum was fixation technology for tropical least affected and showed 80% agriculture: papers presented at a emergence at 50 mm; Panicum workshop, 9-13 March 1.981, Cali, coloratum and S. porphyrantha were Colombia (eds. P.H. Graham and S.C. the next least affected with 74.5 and Harris). Cali, Colombia: Centro 67.5% emergence, respectively, at 50 Internacional de Agricultura Tropical. mm. Good establishment ability was associated with a well developed Reviews three aspects of primary root system and a low post-establishment management of shoot-root ratio. grass-legume pastures viz. maximising N2 fixation, transfer of 0728 WATT, L.A., and WHALLEY, N from grass to legume, and R.D.B. 1982. Establishment of mineralization of N. The grasses small-seeded perennial grasses on studied in association with legumes black clay soils in North-western New include Pennisetum clandestinum, South Wales.Australian Journal of Digitaria decumbens, and Chloris Botany 30: 611-623. 34 ref. guyana.

A range of native and exotic perennial grasses including Panicum decompositum, P. coloratum, Setaria Pennisetum Species porphyrantha, and Pennisetum clandestinum was examined for relationships between seed and 0730 ALY, S.A. 1982. Biological and seedling features and establishment economical evaluation of response of success of cracking black clay soils elephant plants (Pennisetum of the north-western slopes of New purpureum) to some levels of South Wales. The features examined fertilizers.(Ar). Ph.D. thesis, included the effect of temperature on Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. the speed of germination and 167 pp. cumulative total germination, the effect of the duration of water 0731 AMARASINGHE, L., and PEMADASA, availability in the seedbed on M.A. 1982. The ecology of a montane seedling emergence and the rates of grassland in Sri Lanka. II. The seedling extension. Seedbed pattern of four major species.Journal temperatures were also monitored of Ecology 70(1): 17-23. 23 ref.

170 potassium. nitrogen, phosphorus and pattern were Several scales of ANCUSE, M.Y.M.A. practices 1982. Effect on The 20-40 cm scale of 0733 some cultural present. nardus, of purpureum pattern of Cymbopogon elephant grass (Pennisetum and Thermeds thesis, Azhar Pennisetum polystachyon .M.Sc. to their Schum) 140 pp. tremula was attributed University, Cairo, Egypt. and that of Eulalia tussock-size, seeds dispersal of its A., and MOLINA trispicata to 0734 ARENAS HOLGUIN, 80-cm scale of digestibility as aggregates. The LINCE, B. 1982. In vivo nardus and elephant grass pattern of Cymbopogon and consumption of was related to at various Eulalia trispicata (Pennisetum purpureum) compactness. In lambs.(Es). variation in soil cutting ages in African communities, Nacional de the two more-disturbed Thesis, Universidad weed Pennisetum 50 pp. the aggressive Colombia, Medellin, Colombia. occurred more in polystachyon excluded 23 ref. from which it hollows, the nardus. Thus, E.O., and OLUBAJO, Cymbopogon 0735 AWOLUMATE, of C. nardus is value of habitat-reversal F.O. 1982. The nutritive modification of the of citrus caused by human silages made from mixtures of natural species. elephant grass micro-distribution processing wastes and Review of as feed for ruminants.World L., and PEMADASA, 15-20. 16 0732 AMARASINGHE, Production 18(4): of a montane Animal M.A. 1982. The ecology Lanka. IV. ref. grassland in Sri of four major 0, 10, 25 Vegetative growth The orange pulp replaced of Ecology 70(3): in the grasses.Journal elephant grass or 50% of theThe silages were fed to 721-730. 18 ref. mixtures. rams. Silage West African dwarf soil moisture and increase in The effects of intake increased with and of plant density content. All nutrient regimes orange pulp Cymbopogon nardus, were in on the growth of experimental animals Pennisetum data on ME Eulalia trispicata, positive N balance but Themeda tremula from utilization of polystachyon and indicated very poor in Sri Lanka were due to a montane grassland dietary energy. Also, using therefore investigated in pot experiments DM and four species insufficient the natural soils. All energy intake during soil moisture inadequate rams withstood considerable trial period, all experimental required high soil were allowed stress, but lost weight. If animals satisfactory growth. 10 or moisture for to consume rations containing in pots lacking a longer period, Growth was decreased 15% orange pulp for phosphate or Orange added nitrate, started to gain weight. given water they high potassium, and in those was of sufficiently with those pulp to 50% in comparions value to replace up only, nutrient nutritive receiving a complete ensiled elephant grass. effect of of the solution; the combined was greater than AUTREY, K.M., these three elements 0736 BATISTA, H.A.M., effects. High I.M.E.V. 1982. their individual and VON TIESENHAUSEN, substantial reduction digestibility of density caused Comparative in vitro and reproductive zebu and of size, fertility, forages by 1-uffalo, Eulalia trispifata, of Dairy capacity of holestein cattle.Journal and Themeda ref. Pennisetum polystachyon 65(5): 746-748. 12 that the low Science tremula. It is concluded grassland is matter and productivity of the Digestibility of organic by soil moisture was studied largely caused crude fiber in forage shortages of limitations and

171 with nonparous females of water digestible crude protein and T.D.N. buffalo, Zebu cattle, and Holstein was observed for 40 and 50 days cattle. Forages studied were low cutting intervals, respectively. quality hay of molasses grass and Thus, in order to obtain maximum silage of elephant grass (Pennisetum yield of green fodder, crude protein purpureum). At time of ensiling, and total digestible nutrients, the ground corn was added to the elephant hybrid napier grass should be cut at grass at 10%, wet basis. The in an interval of 50 days. vitro method of Tilley and Terry was used to measure digestibility with 0738 BRYSON, R.W. 1982. Ki~uyu rumen fluid of experimental animals. poisoning and the army worm.Journal When animals were cor ming the hay of the South African Veterinary ration, digestibility of crude fiber Association 53(3): 161-165. by buffalo (40.0%) was greater than by Zebu (31.7%) or Holstein (29.1%). Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum When they were consuming silage, clandestinum) poisoning occurred buffalo and Zebu digested the during 1981 in widely separated fiber equally well and were coastal areas of South Africa. superior to the Holstein Although the causal agent was digestibilities 46.4, 46.4 and identified, precautions can be taken 40.0%. Similarly digestibility of to contain mortality. Existing organic matter was greatest by knowledge of the disease is buffalo when animals consumed the hay documented. ration; and when they were fed silage, digestibilities for buffalo 0739 CAMPBELL, C.M., TAMIMI, Y.N., and Zebu were similar and greater HO-A, E.B., MATSUYAMA, D.T., NOLAN, than for Holstein. J.C., CARPENTER, J.R., and REIMER, D. 1982. Performance of cattle on 0737 BtATTAD, G.S. 1982. Nutritional kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) evaluation of hybrid napier with and without legume and grass.M.Sc, thesis, Panjabrao krishi subsequent feedlot results.Journal of Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, Animal Sdience 55(suppl.l): 307. India. 63 pp. (Abstract).

The cutting intervals of 40, 50 0740 CARVALHO, L. DE A., MARTINS, and 60 days were tested for M.S., and SALDANHA, E.M. 1982. outturn of digestible components Bibliography of Pennisetum purpureum and total digestible nutrients. Schumach.(Pt). Brasilia, DF, Brazil: The maximum grass forage yield Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa (2120.04 q/ha) and dry matter yield Agropecuaria. 380 pp. (523.55 q/ha) was recorded from 50 and 60 days cutting intervals, 0741 CHAMBLEE, D.S., and TIMOTHY, respectively, while maximum protein D.H. 1982. Establishment and yield of 33.63 q/ha was found from 50 management of two perennial days cutting interval. The maximum Pennisetums.Agronomy Abstracts. p. feed intake of 24.90 kg/day was 147. noted when the grass was cut at 40 days interval. The grass having Pennisetum flaccidum and P. cutting interval of 40 days had orientale were evaluated under the higher digestibility coefficients for following variables: date, depth, dry matter, organic matter, crude method (vertical vs. horizontal) and protein and T.D.N., while reverse density of planting for several results were noted for these years. The majority of sprigs of P. components from 60 days cutting flaccidum used were 5 to 7.6 cm in interval. The maximum yield of length, averaged .56 cm in diameter

172 with 6.1 vodes/plant. The in the establishment and production differences in establishment between of King grass Pennisetum purpureum depths x (3.8 and 7.6 cm) were usually P. typhoides.(Es). Pastos y Forrajes small and slightly in favor of the 5(2): 171-180. 14 ref. (Summary:En). more shallow depth. Planting nondormant sprigs _n June 0744 DOMINGUEZ, C.H., HARDY, C., horizontally to a depth of 5 cm and AYALA, J.R. 1982. Effects of resulted in only .12 tillers/m of row cutting age and final molasses levels 3 weeks after planting compared with on the quality of king grass silage 5.9/m from a vertical planting. (P. purpureum x P. typhoides).Cuban Average (2 trials) first season dry Journal of Agricultural Science matter yields from P. flaccidum of 16(0): 91-96. 23 ref. (Summary:Ru). 5090 kg/ha were produced from Date 1 plantings (3rd week of March-dormant) An experiment in laboratory soils compared with 742 kg/ha from Date 2 was carried out to evaluate the (3rd week of April-nondormant). In influence of two cutting ages (45 and the lower Piedmont P. flaccidum after 60 days for all the treatments) and 3 years of cutting from about 38 cm three levels of final molasses on the back to 7.5 cm (38-7.5) compared with fermentative characteristics of king the (38-15) system showed a 68 and 7% grass silage. A completely randomized ground cover of crabgrass (Digitaria factorial arrangement ( 2 X 3) was sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), respectively used and the treatments were the in late summer for the two systems. following: A) pasture alone (control); B) pasture 0742 CHATTERJI, + 1% final A.K., and SAHU, N. molasses and C) pastures + 2% final 1982. Biotypic differences in the molasses. Protein did not differ karyology of Pennisetum pedicellatum between cutting ages or final Trin.Biologia Plantarum 24(1): 13-19. molasses levels. Lactic acid was not 22 ref. significant between cutting ages (P<0,001) but between final molasses Detailed karyological analyses have levels (0,96; 1,04 and 1,45% in been DM made of the five biotypes of for 0; 1 and 2% molasses, Pennisetum pedicellatum. These respectively). Total VFA And N-NH3 biotypes not only differ in some differed significantly (P<0,001) morphological triats but also in between cutting ages but no effect their chromosomal characteristics, was found for molasses levels. Biotype-B pH with 2n = 48 chromosomes showed a significant interaction shows constancy, while in the other between the factors studied. It is four 2n = 36 and 54 are found to be concluded that the maximum cutting floating. Other numerical age improved the fermentative variations include 2n = 42 and 18 parameters and reduced ammonium chromosomes. N Minute karyological losses of king grass silage. Thus, differences are not only noted it is not recommende6 to add final amongst the biotypes, but also there molasses to king grass silage when are variations in the complements harvesting is at 45 or 60 days of within a biotype. Such variations regrowth. are presumed to be buffered through the apomictic mode of reproduction. 0745 GJAERUM, H.B., and DENNIS, From the morphological and R.W.G. 1982. Phakospora apoda cytological studies, the possibility (Uredinales) from ascension of separation of biotype-B from the island.Transactions of the British complex in future has been envisaged. Mycological Society 78(l): 190. 1 ref. 0743 CORBEA, L.A., and MARTINEZ, L.H. 1982. Influence of plant density Pennisetum clandestinum is a

173 widespread weed on green mountain in potato, banana and napier gras Ascension. Describes the features of foliages by Indonesian sheep and rust, Phakopsora apoda which was goats.Page 279 In Proceedings of the collected from Pennisetum third International Conference on clandestinum in Ascension island. Goat Production and Disease, 10-15 January, 1982, Tucson, Arizona, 0746 GONCALEZ, D.A., USA. and MENEVES, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA: Daizy Goat G.M. DE. 1982. Elephant grass Journal Publishing Company. (Pennisetum purpureum).(Pt). (Abstract). Zootecnia 20(4): 229-259. 84 ref. (Summary:En). Dry matter (DM) intake over 14 days was 218 g/0.75 kg by Describes the sheep and 95 g variations among by goats for napier grass. ecotypes and cultivars of P. Supplementation with 200 g purpureum and among hybrids between concentrates/day increased sheep this and other Pennisetum species. total DM intake from 1052 to 1164 g The widespread cultivstion of P. but reduced goat intake from 1064 to purpureum as a mowing grass within 1039 g. the tropicz is explained. 0749 ICHIKI, H., ISHIHARA, A., 0747 HARRADINE, A.R. and 1982. Effect of HAKOISHI, T. 1982. Soil management in salinity on germination and growth of the subtropical region.Pages 387-405 Pennisetum macrourum in southern In International Symposium on Tasmania.Journal of Applied Ecology Distribution, Characteristics, and 19: 273-382. 22 ref. utilization of Problem Soils, 19-26 October 1981, Yatabe, Ibaraki, Japan The salinity tolerance of the grass (ed. K. Hayashi). Yatabe, Ibaraki, Pennisetum macrourum was determined Japan: TropiLal Agriculture Research to define its potential habitats Center. 1 ref. (Tropical in the Derwent River estuary of Agriculture Research Series, 15). southern Tasmania. Nacl and PEG 6000 reduced seed germination of P. The studies were promoted to macrcurum to a greater extent than improve soil fertility through soil that of Lolium perenne and Agropyron management chiefly with organic elongatum. Reduction of vegetative matter, utilization of legume reproduction by Nacl and PEG 6000 was plants, and fertilization of upland greater in P. macrourum than in soils through locally available Phragmites australis. In nutrient materials. Napier grass, (Pennisetum culture, increasing NaCl purpureum) was evaluated as a source concentration reduced growth of test of organic matter and a rotation plants in the order. P. macrourum system containing napier grass along (seedling) (greatest reduction), A. with the other main crops of Okinawa elongatum, P. macrourum (vegetatively was proposed for its high reproduced), L. perenne, P. australis productivity of organic matter. (least reduction). These results,, together with conductivity 0750 INAMUDDIN, M., and FARUQI, measurements on water and soil S.A. 1982. Studies in Libyan grasses samples from the Derwent River VIII. Apomixis in Pennisetum divisum estuary, indicate that P. macrourum sensu lato and P. setaceum (Forssk.) is unlikely to spread downstream from Chiov.Pakistan Journal of Botany present infestation. 14(1): 69-74. 20 ref. 0748 HARYANTO, B., JOHNSON, W.L., The Libyan material of Pennisetum and THOMAS, N. 1982. Intake diviFum sensu lato and P. setaceum preferences for cassava, sweet (Forssk.) Chiov was studied

174 embryologically. Both the species neutral detergent fiber, demonstrated facultativ' apomixis. hemicellulose and lignin affected the The frequency of apomictic and digestibility by 53% and the multiple embryo-sacs in P. divisum digestible energy by 66%. was found to he much higher than in P. setaceum. However, polyembryony 0753 LIANG, J.C. 1982. Effect of pig was observed in P. setaceum only. unit effluent and irrigation with water on napier grass and soil.(Ch). 0751 JOHNSON, W.L., BARROS, N., DE Journal of the Taiwan Livestock OLIVEIRA, E.R., and HARYANTO, B. Research 15(2): 61-68. 17 ref. 19L'. Relative acceptability of (Summary:En). napier grass and maize crop residues by Brazilian SRD goats.Page 512 In Napier grass was given 2,700,000 Proceeditgs of the third 1 pig unit effluent/ha each year International Conference on Goat or 200 kg N + 72 kg P205 + 60 kg Production and Disease, 10-15 January K20/ha annually either with or 1982, Tucson, Arizona, USA. without 2,700,000 1 irrigation Scottsdale, Arizona, USA: Dairy Goat water/ha. Total yields from Journal Publishing Company. November 1977 to October 1980 (Abstract). were 153.75 t DM/ha with effluent, 110.89 t with chemical fertilizer + 0752 LAREDO C., M.A., and MENDOZA irrigation and 75.05 t with chemical M., P.E. 1982. Nutritive value of fertilizer alone. There was no kikuyu grass (Pennisetum effect on the chemical composition of clandestinum, Hochst) in wet and dry forage but the pH and Cu, OM, total seasons.(Es). Revista Instituto N, available P and exchangeable K Colombiano Agropecuario 17(4): contents in soil were increased by 157-167. 30 ref. (Summary:En). effulent.

The true dry matter digestibility 0754 LIANG, J.C. 1982. The response was good (70.93% and 73.06%) in both, of napier grass (Pennisetum wet and dry seasons. The crude purpureum) to animal manure and protein and the digestible energy chemical fertilizer. 1. Effects on levels in the kikuyu grass can dry matter yield and quality.(Ch). afford the requirements of cows Journal of Agricultural Association with a production of 16 kg of of China 119: 64-74. 23 ref. milk with 3.5% of fat. However, (Summary:En). the real production was less than 12 kg per day, possibly due to 0755 LWOGA, A.B., and WHITNEY, A.S. a rapid rate of passage of the 1982. Transplanting effect on N feed through the digestive tract. recycling in kikuyugrass/green leaf The mean values of the cell wall Desmodium pasture.Agronomy Abstracts. constituents were different between p. 150. seasons, but these values can not possibly affect the dry matter intake An experiment in a Pennisetum or the forage quality. The cellulose clandestinum/Desmodium intortum content (25.78%) and the lignin pasture consisted of 2 treatments: content (3.38%) were considered low grazing only (between 2 boards of an to have any effect on consumption of exclosure) and grazing plus trampling the grass by the animals under (3-7 M from the exclosure). Fallen grazing conditions. The simple legume leaf was sampled initially and regression coefficients were not regularly thereafter. Leaves of D. significant with the digestibility intortum in mesh packets were also and digestible energy. The multiple placed in contact with the soil. regression equations showed that the There was an average of 23 kg N/ha in

175 of the legume leaf litter at the start. rainfall. As a high yielding grass in After 5 weeks the cumulative addition a short duration it fits in well two of N was significantly higher in the the small period left inbetween trampled area. At the end of the arable crops. It has low digestible is a experiment there was 2X as much crude protein, whereas it is cumulative N, 40 Vs 20 KG (P 0.001). profuse seeder. Usually, one cut and Also the trampled leaves were taken after 80-90 days of sowing seed higher in N hence would have higher then the crop is left for responds mineralization rates. Leaves in the production. Deenanath grass and mesh pockets approached the N well to nitrogen fertilization concentration found initially within gives optimum yield (133 q/ha) dry 4 weeks. It was estimated that the matter) at 145 kg N/ha. It grows well leaf litter originally present would under mixed cropping with cowpea or have contributed about 5.5 kg N/ha in ricebean and thus, provides quality 14 weeks. forage for dairy cattle.

0756 MAHATAB, S.N., ALl, A., and 0759 MURTAGH, G.J. 1982. Responses ASADUZZAMAN, A.H.M. 1982. Study on to nitrogen fertilizer during the nutritive quality of bajra-napier autumn.Page 21 In Biennial research (hybrid) grass.Livestock Adviser report 1980-82, Agricultural Research 7(3): 13-16. 6 ref. Centre, Wollongbar. Wollongbar, Australia: New South Wales Department Three metabolic trials were of Agriculture. conducted with cattle to determine the nutritive value and digestibility The use of N fertilizer to increase of bajra napier (hybrid) grass. The the carrying capacity of Pennisetum intake of both DCP and TDN was clandestinum in the North Coastal adequate for maintenance. The region of N.S.Wales was considered. average DCP and ME of the fodder are The optimum area for topdressing found to be 4.52% on dry basis and with 100 kg N/ha during late summer 8.24 MJ/kg DM respectively. The was calculated with reference to animals were in positive nitrogen available farm area, stocking rate balance which indicates that the and rainfall. hybrid grass provide a aintanoice ration. 0760 MURTAGH, G.J. 1982. Water stress in controlled environment 0757 MUKHERJEE, A.K., MANDAL, B.B., experiments.Pages 20-21 In Biennial and BANDOPADHYAY, S.K. 1982. research report 1980-82, Agricultural Deenanath grass (Pennisetum Research Centre, Wollongbar. pedicellatum) for West Bengal.Indian Wollongbar, Australia: New South Farming 32(7): 27-28. Wales Department of Agriculture.

0758 MUKHERJEE, A.K., ROQUIB, M.A., Stress symptoms occurred in BANDOPADHYAY, S.K., and MANDAL, B.B. Pennisetum clandestinum and Panicum and 1982. Review of research on deenanath maximum despLte frequent watering grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum a low water vapour pressure deficit. Trin.).Forage Research 8(): 11-17. Night transpiration and pot isolation 45 ref. further increased water loss.

Deenanath grass (Pennisetum 0761 PEARSON, C.J. 1982. Pennisetum cv. pedicel]r-cum) is a high yielding, clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov, report, quick growing, luscious, leafy and Crofts.Page 17 In Research Agronomy and thin-stemmed grass and grows well Depar-ment of 1981-82. even on a poor, eroded soils in areas Horticultural Science of receiving 500-1500 mm annual Sydney, Australia: University

176 Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture. investigated in experimental (Research Report, 10). monocultures and 2 species mixtures of Cymbopogan nardus, Eulalia Crofts outyielded other kikuyus trispicata, Pennisetum polystachyon especially on the NSW south coast. and Themeda tremula from a montane The peak growth rate recorded for grassland in Sri Lanka. Increasing crofts was 170 kg per ha per day over density considerably reduced six weeks in January-February. It vegetative size and reproductive was susceptible to kikuyu grass potential of the 4 species. In yellows. Results suggest crofts is mixtures, P. polystachyon suppressed, well suited to relatively cool and E. trispicata was suppressed by mid-latitude locations, every companion species; T. tremula depressed the growth of C. .rup 0762 PEDREIRA, J.V.S., and MATT0S, The competitive ability of the more H.B. DE. 19' . Seasonal growth -f aggressive species was accentuated by elephant r'ss cultivars.(Pt). clipping, while that of the less Boletim de Industria Animal aggressive species was reduced. The 39(l):29-41. 23 ref. (Summary:En). time of establishment modified the competitive advantages of species; 0763 PEMADASA, M.A., and early-sown plants severely suppressed AMARASINGHE, L. 1982. The ecology of the late sown-plants regaradless of a montane grassland in Sri Lanka. the potential vigor, aggressiveness III. Germination of three major and competitive ability. The results grasses.Journal of Ecology 70(2): are discussed with special reference 483-490. 17 ref. to the importance of human impact on the dynamics of these species in the The factors controlling germination grassland. of Eulalia trispicata, Pennisetum polystachyon, and Themr'a were 0765 PRASAD, L.K., MISHRA, H.R., investigated under field and and MUKERJI, S.K. 1982. Deenanath laboratory conditions. The grass for Bihar.Indian Farming germination of all three species is 31(11): 20-21. influenced by light, temperature, soil moisture concentration, soil The perennial varieties of surface heterogeneity and the depth Pennisetum pedicellatum (Agros 4, and of Burial. The light and temperature Agros 17) were compared with annual effects decreased as the seed aged. variety (T 15) for their herbage The timing of natural germination is yield under identical conditions. determined by innate and enforced The yield obtained in rainy season dormancy mechanisms and is and autumn from perennial and annual synchronous with the monsoonal rains, varieties was almost at par. But new The ecological implications of the varieties put a fresh growth when the results are considered. temperature began to raise in spring and gave good yield in the month of 0764 PEMADASA, M.A., and April. Three new varieties showed AMARASINGHE, L. 1982. The ecology of good scope for the utilization of a montane grassland in Sri Lanka. V. waste uncultivated lands in the hilly Interference in populations of four areas of Bihar and adjoining states. major grasses.Journal of Ecology 70(3): 731-744. 19 ref. 0766 RAKES, A.H., TIMOTHY, D.H., and BURNS, J.C. 1982. The effects of The effects of density, time of using tropical grass (Pennisetum sp.) clipping and time of establishment on hay as the solE roughage source for interference between individuals were lactating dairy cows.Journal of Dairy Science 65(supp. 1): 215. (Abstract).

177 0767 RAKKIYAPPAN, P., and MOORTHY, with increasing density. Some K.K.K. 1982. Evaluation of hybrid decrease in ash content was observed napier (NB-21) for its forage quality in the second year compared with the by cell wall component first year, this reduction being analysis.Madras Agricultural Journal higher at lower plant density. 69(8): 523-528. 12 ref. 0769 RELWANI, L.L., NAKAT, R.V., The fresh yield, dry matter content and KHANDALE, D.Y. 1982. Effect of and dry matter yield increased, plant populations, stubble heights whereas, leaf-to-stem ratio and and cutting management on the seed crude protein content decreased with fodder and weed production of subabul crop maturity. The cell-wall (Leucaena leucocephala), interplanted components namely neutral-detergent with hybrid napier.Seeds and Farms fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber 8(6): 51-56. (ADF), acid-det-rgent lignin (ADL) and silica increased with crop An experiment was conducted to maturity. The cell-wall components determine the economics of growing were more in stem than in leaf except subabul for seed, wood and forage in silica where it was just reverse, a mixed stand with hybrid napier. Leaf registered more digestible dry The highest net profit of Rs. matter per cent (DDM%) than stem and 28575/ha in 18 months was obtained the DDN% decreased with crop growth. from planting subabul at a spacing of The annual DDM yield was maximum when 2M X iM (5000 plants/ha), taking 2 the crop was cut at 50 days interval, cuttings for fodder at a stubble height of 120 cm before leaving for 0768 RAMMAH, A., ALl, F.M., and seed production. When only one HATHOUT, M.K. 1982. Yield and cutting was taken, the net profit of composition of napier grass Rs. 23848/- was obtained. Thicker cultivated in delta area as effected populations of 20,000 at a spcaing of by plant density and stubble 2.OM X 0.25M resulted in poor seed height.Research Bulletin, Faculty of yields of subabul and fodder yields Agriculture, Ain Shams University no. of hybrid napier. 1860. 16 pp. 13 ref. (Suur v:kr). 0770 SARROCA, J., PARETAS, J.J., Elephant grass was pi=nted in and HERRERA, J. 1982. Effect of the 1977-79 in 4 densities, i.e., 40,000, age at the first cutting on the 28,500, 15,500 and 10,000 establishment of king grass plants/ha, and cut at 3 stubble (Pennisetum purpureum x P. heights, i.e., 6, 12 and 18 cm. Fresh typhoides).(Es). Ciencia y Tecnica and dry fodder and chemical en la Agricultura. Serie Pastos y components were estimated over 14 Forrajes 5(1): 39-43. 4 ref. cuts. The population of 28 500 (Summary:En). plants/ha produced fresh and dry fodder significantly outyielding the 0771 SINGH, K., and NEELAKANTAN, S. other 3 densities. Stubble height had 1982. Note on the effect of inoculum no significant effect on fresh and and additive on hybrid napier grass dry yields. The interaction between (Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum density and stubble height had a americanum) silage.Indian Journal of significant effect on the total Animal Sciences 52(8): 685-687. 9 yields; a population of 28 500 ref. plants/ha produced the highest yield when cut at 12 cm. Percentage of The effect of inoculum, addition of total digestible nutrients was not molasses, formalin and formic acid affected either by density or stubble sterilants on hybrid napier grass height. Crude protein % decreased silage was investigated. The initial

178 pH of the fresh herbage was decreased matter showed a negative direct from 6.3 to 3.5-4.0 with molasses effect of DMD on total digestible dry addition and incoulation. With 9% matter, whereas the direct effect of formalin and 6% formalin + 1.5% the number of leaves and dry matter formic acid, the pH was 5.75 and 4.95 yi=d was high and positive. It was respectively as compared to low pH in concluded that breeding for longer other treatments. Inoculation and internodes, higher number of leaves molasses-treated herbage tended to and thinner stem may be followed in cause more rapid production of lactic napier-bajra hybrids. acid than in control samples. The acetic acid content of the treated 0774 TRUJILLO GARCIA, R., and silages rauged from 3.4 to 5.8% but CACERES, 0. 1982. Nutritional value butyric arid content ranged from 0.8 of tropical forage. I. King grass to 2.9%. The total nitrogen in the (Pennisetun purpureum X P. fresh herbage was 1.70% which varied typhoides).(Es). Pastos y Forrajes from 1.67 to 1.69% in different 5(3): 343-358. (Summary:En). treated silages. 0775 VILELA, D., CRUZ, G.M. DA, and 0772 SOLANO, R., RODRIGUEZ, A., and CARVALHO, J.L.H. DE. 1982. Effect of GONZALEZ, H7, 1982. Evaluation of some additives on the quality and three plantixig systems, three cutting nutritive value of elephant grass frequencies and three nitrogen levels silage.(Pt). Circular Tecnica, in napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado Schumack).(Es). Ciencia y Tecnologia de Leite, no. 15. 15 pp. Agropecuaria 1(1): 67-84. 8 ref. 0776 WANG, D.Y., and VASIL, I.K. 0773 SOOD, M.P., and SINGH, L.P. i982. Somatic embryogenesis and plant 1982. Correlaticn and regeneration from inflorescence path-coefficient analysis in napier seg~ients of Pennisetum purpureum bajra hybrids.Forage Research 8(0): Schum (napier or elephant 37-42. 7 ref. grass).Plant Science Letters 25(2): 147-154. 22 ref. Dry matter yield per plant had a strong and positive genotypic A white and compact embryogenic association with average iDternode tissue was obtained from young length, the number of leaves per inflorescence segments of Pennisetum plant, leaf-stem ratio, in vitro dry purpureum cultured on Murashige and matter digestibility (IVDMD) and Skoog's (MS) and N6 medium containing total digestible dry matter. The various concentrations and total digestible dry matter had a combinations of strong positive association with the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid number of tillera, the number of (2,4-D), naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) leaves, dry matter yield and IVDMD. and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Both dry matter and total digestible Somatic embryogenesis was observed in dry matter were negatively correlated more than 70% of the cultures on with diameter of main tiller and media containing 2,4-D. The crude protein percentage. embryogenic nature of the callus was Path-coefficient analysis showed a maintained for more than a year positive and high direct effect of through 18-20 subcultures. dry matter digestibility (DmD), Regenerated plants were shown to have leaf-stem ratio and average internode the normal tetraploid chromosome length on dry matter yield, whereas number of 2n = 4x = 28. the direct effect of the number of leaves was negative and high. Path 0777 WILVERT, C. 1982. African grass analysis for total digestible dry (Pennisetum clandestinum) invades

179 27pp. 9 coastal California.Rangelands 4(2): Pesquisa Agropecuaria no. 5. 67. 4 ref. ref. 0782 GOBBE, J., LONGLY, B., and LOUANT, B.P. 1982. Calendar of Brachiaria Species sporogenesis and female gametogenesis in diploid and induced tetraploids forms of Brachiaria ruziziensis Canadian Journal 0778 ANONYMOUS. 1982. Register of (Gramineae).(Fr). 8 ref. Australian herbage plant cultivars. of Botany 60: 2032-2036 A. Grasses. 16. Brachiaria. B. (Summary:En). Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) leading to the Schweick (Koronivia grass) cv. Tully The processes gametes are (reg. no. A-16b-1).Journal of the formation of the forms of Australian Institute of Agricultural described in two sexual This Science 48(2): 117-118. 11 ref. Brachiaria ruziziensis. description comes within the interspecific 0779 ALMEIDA, S.A., ARAGAO, W.M., framework of an in the genus and PEDREIRA, P.A.S. 1982. Effect of hybridization program transfer of stocking rate on the production of Brachiaria ziming at the for apomixis beef cattle on Brachiaria decumbens the genes responsible to diploid pastures, with or without phosphate from polyploid apomictic "reproductive fertilizer.(Pt). Pesquisa em sexual species. A where Andamento, UEPAE de Aracaju, no. 10. calendar" is eatablished and 5 pp. microsporogenesis microgametogenesis are used as concimitant 0780 ECHEVERRIA, L.C., COSTA, F.P., reference scales for the and and GARDNER, A.L. 1982. Fertilizer events of megasporogenesis the two forms. application to cultivated grasslands: megagametogenesis of compared with estimation of optimum economic rates The calendar will be have to be of phosphorus.(Pt). Pages 50-58 In similar ones which Stapf. Seminario sobre nutricao de plantas established for B. decumbens (Hochst) Stapf., forrageiras em solos tropicais and B. brizantha apomicts. acidos (eds. A. Boock and A.L. natural tetraploid between the Gardner). Brasilia, Brazil: Differences were noticed the induced Departamento de Informaces e original diploid and Documentacao, EMBRAPA. 4 ref. tetraploid form. LEON, L.A. Brachiaria decumbens was given 0, 3 0783 HAMMOND, L.L., and of 7 phosphorus or 4.5 t lime and 0, 38, 153 or 613 1982. Effectiveness following kg P/ha. DM production was assessed sources during the 5 years acid Colombian 40 and 12 months after establishment, application to an p. 44. DM production was increased from 7.8 oxisol.Agronomy Abstracts. to 45.9 t/ha by application of experiment to highest rates o P. Economic A replicated field agronomic analysis of P use shuwed that optimum evaluate the relative of 6 finely ground rate of application to B. decumbens effectiveness (PR) and triple pasture in the area was 240 kg phosphate rocks for production P205/ha. superphosphate (TSP) of Brachiaria decumbens on an acid Colombia was 0781 GALVAO, F.E., and LIMA, A.F. Carimagua oxisol in May 1976. The PRs 1982. Kikuyugrass of Amazonia established in and Huila (Brachiaria humidicola) and its included samples from Pesca fosbayovar (Peru), Gafsa prospects in the State of Goias.(Pt). (Colombia), Central Florida and Circular Teenica, Empresa Goiana de (Tunisia),

180 Tennessee (USA) to provide a wide and period 2 of 28 weeks) stocked range in citrate solubility. All with Kedah-Kelantan and Droughtmaster sources were incorporated at 4 rates cattle, respectively. The total DH of application prior to planting. yields in period 1 were 17.7 and Only TSP treatments were duplicated 12.1 t/ha with daily live weight to allow for annual applications. gains of 335 and 305 g, while in Residual effectiveness of all sources period 2, they were 9.4 and 7.6 t/ha was high during 20 cuttings over a with daily gains of 652 and 318 g. 5-year period. Dry-matter production No mimisine toxicity was noted. was significantly higher with TSP than with the PRs only during the 1st 0787 KUMAR, A. 1982. Reclaim alkali year and the effectivenss of the PRs soils by growing grasses.Indian was positively correlated to the Farming 32(7): 25-26. citrate solubility only during establishment. During the 2nd and Two field trials with karnal grass 3rd years, difference between PR (Diplachnefusca) and para grass sources diminished and the PR was (Brachiaria mutica) on a highly generally more effective than TSP. alkali soil at farmers' field at No significant differences were Kachhwa village near Dehradun (India) observed between P sources during the revealed that growing of these 4th and 5th years. grasses in alkali soils even without gypsum application was quite 0784 HARYANTO, B., SIREGAR, M.E., effective in reclaiming alkali soils and HERAWATI, T. 1982. Composition and getting reasonably good yield of variation of Brachiaria decumbens vs grains. It was therefore suggested Imperata cylindric& under cutting and that instead of leaving alkali soils heavy nitrogen fertilization.(In). uncultivated, the above grasses Ilmu dan Peternakan 1: 29-31. could be grown for reclaiming the soils as well as getting forage for 0785 HOPKINSON, J.M., and ENGLISH, the cattle without purchasing costly B.H. 1982. Seed production of signal gypsum for reclaiming alkali lands. grass.Queensland Agricultural Journal 108(6): 317-322. 0788 LEON, L.A., FENSTER, W.E., and HAMOND, L.L. 1982. Alternatives for Describes z-ime of the important phosphorus fertilizer management in aspects of seed production of establishing improved forage grasses Brachiaria decumbens in Queensland on acid Colombian soils.Agronomy (Australia). Information is provided Abstracts. p. 47. on conditions for seed production, the seed crop in the farming system, Experiments with Brachiaria seed crop husbandry, crop management, decumbens were conducted on ultisol harvesting, post-harvest handling, to study the effectiveness of basal and seed testing and quality, applications of Colombian Pesca phosphate rock (PR) with or without 0786 IZHAM, A., ENG, P.K., and additional applicationo of triple AJIT, S.S. 1982. Grazing assessment superphosphate (TSP) (banded, of Leucaena grown with Brachiaria topdressed or incorporated) on grass decumbens and native pasture.MARDI establishment of this pasture can be Eesearch Bulletin 10(3): 409-417. obt.ined by using a soluble (Summary:My). Phosphorus (P) source such as TSP. This advantage however, is not long Reports the productivity of lasting and equal accumulative Leucaena/Brachiaria decumbens and production from a pasture over a Leucaena native pastures in two period of one or more years can be periods (period I of 40 weeks expected using finely ground PR

181 alone. In another experiment, grass (Brachiaria decumbens). Plants Florida PR and partially acidulated were harvested from the fourth up to PR were evaluated to determine their the tenth week after the onset of the potential for cash crop production blooming period. It was shown that rice peanut followed by establishment best results were obtained with of Panicum maximum on the remaining harvesting between the 4th and 6th residual P. Results indicate that weeks after the onset of blooming. forages can be established following a cash crop system, but that 0792 SEIFFERT, N.F. 1982. Nitrogen establishment will be considerably availability in a Brachiaria reduced as the number of crops decumbens pasture under continuing increase. grazing.Pages 387-393 In Biological nitrogen fixation technology for 0789 LIYANAGE, L.V.K. 1982. tropical agriculture: papers Utilization of stored carbon products presented at a workshop, 9-13 March in sprouting of stem cuttings of 1981, Cali, Colombia (eds. P.H. Brachiaria mutica (Forsk) Graham ai,.d S.C. Harris). Cali, Stapf.Journal of the National Colombia:Centro Internacional de Agricultural Society of Ceylon 19: Agricultura Tropical. 12 ref. 33-38. 11 ref. A Brachiaria decumbens pasture Pot-grown para grass plants were established in late 1976 under exposed to 14CO2 and stem cuttings good growing conditions, but were taken 48 hours later. After 1 continuously grazed, maintained a month, only 9.8% of the 14 C nitrogen (N) content of about 1% determined at 48 hours (mean vaiie) until the end of the 1979 dry season. was recovered from the plants roin This represented the production of from these cuttings. It is concluced about 158 kg N/ha per year, that the rest was lost via corresponding to 1015 Kg/ha of respiration. Of the labelled C available crude protein. Growing recovered, a mean of 95.1, 2.6 and nelore cattle under these conditions 2.3% was found in the original gained 241 kg liveweight/ha per year. cuttings, shoots and roots, During 1980 production declined respectively suggesting that the stem 16.6% in dry matter and 50% in the cuttings did not supply carbohydrate available N in the pasture. Animal reserves to the shoots and roots. production, represented by average daily gains, dropped 42.6%. 0790 MILLER, I.L., and REDFERN, A.J. 1982. Fertilizat>on of irrigated 0793 SOUZA, H.M.F., MACHADO, R.C.R., para grass (Brachiaria mutica) in the MORENO, M.A., and ALVIM, P. DE T. late dry to early wet season in the 1982. Evaluation of the drought Northern Territory.Technote, tolerance in pasture grasses through Department of Primary Production determination of the water no.23. 4 pp. 4 ref. equilibrium point.(Pt). Revista Theobroma 12(3): 141-147. 12 ref. 0791 OLIVEIRA, P.R.P. DE, and (Summary:En). MASTROCOLA, M.A. 1982. Effect of the harvesting time on the seed yield of The drought resistance of the Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.(Pt). pasture grasses Andropogon gayanus, Boletim de Industria Animal 37(2): Cenchrus ciliaris and Brachiaria 303-309. 8 ref. (Summary:En). humidicola was evaluated by determining the water equilibrium An experiment was conducted with point (WEP). This point was the aim of studying the best taken as the leaf water harvesting time for seed of signal potential at which photosynthesis and

182 respiration were balanced. The dormancy mechanisms. Primary dormancy degree of dehydration was determined was variably expressed in freshly by the leaf water potential and harvested seed and overcome by after relative water content of tillers ripening during storage of up to cultivated in the field and submitted three months. Long term dormancy may to progressive dessication in the be due to mechanical restriction laboratory under constant conditions imposed by the seed coat and to of temperature and humidity. inhibition of oxygen diffusion due to Brachiaria humidicola showed the the closely appressed, hard, shiny greatest susceptibility to water palea and lemma structures enclosing shortage deficit, attaining the the caryopsis. Removal of these highest WEP (-17 bars) in the structures by hand allowed shortest dehydration time (3 hours). germination percentages up to 100 in naked caryopses. Impermeability of 0794 TERGAS, L.E., PALADINES, 0., the seed coat declined with time in and KLEINHEISTER-KEMP, I. 1982. storage up to one year. Germination Animal productivity and pasture of intact stored seed reached 40% to management of Brachiaria decumbens 55%. Further storage at 10 deg C and Stapf. in the Colombian 29% RH up to 4 1/2 years did not Llanos.Tropical Animal Production result in increased germination in 7(4): 246-256. 27 ref. intact caryopses, although viability was maintained at 80% to 90%. The investigation was designed to Scarification in concentrated H2S04 evaluate the animal productivity and for 20 minutes increased germination proper pasture management of of stored seed to 72%. Brachiaria decumbens under continuous grazing with different combinations 0796 YOST, R.S., NADERMAN, G.C., of stocking rates for the dry and wet KAMPRATH, E.J., and LOBATO, E. 1982. seasons, with minimum use of Availability of rock phosphate as fertilizer, and on an infertile acid measured by an acid tolerant pasture soil in the Colombian Llanos. The grass and extractable results indicated that B. decumbens phosphorus.Agronomy Journal 74(3): tolerated wide range of stocking 462-468. 24 ref. rates under continuous grazing with the potential for higher animal Brachiaria decumbens was used to production. The best management for evaluate the initial and residual (3 its economical production with years) availability of P from several minimum inputs seemed to be phosphate materials. A field study continuous grazing with seasonal was conducted on a Typic Haplustox of stocking rates of 1 and 2 steers per the Cerrado of Central Brazil. hectare for the dry anu wet seasons Initial availability of P supplied respectively, with maintenance as normal superphosphate, fertilization with phosphorus, Hyperphosphate, Thermalphosphate, and potassium, magnesium and sulphur North Carolina rock phosphate was every 2-3 years. similar when the soils were not limed (pH = 4.3, Al = 1.4 meq/100g). Where 0795 WHITEMAN, P.C., and MENDRA, K. lime had been added and pH was 1982. Effect of storage and seed increased to 5.4 the P in treatments on germination of Hyperphosphate and N.C. rock Brachiaria decumbens.Seed Science and phosphate was initially less Technology 10: 233-242. 7 ref. available than P added as (Summaries:De, Fr). superphosphate and Thermalphosphate. After 10 months of contact, lime no Germination of Brachiaria decumbens longer significantly depressed P was shown to be controlled by two availability. The P in the other

183 phosphate rock of low citric acid control was obtained from a solubility, (Araxa) was virtually preemergence or postemergence unavailable during the 3 months after application of diclofop made 10 or 16 application. However, within 13 days after a June 2, 1981 seeding and months, maximum forage yields were from a preemergence or postemergence attained where this material had been application made 6 or 12 days after a applied to unlimed soil and at 25 June 18, 1981 seeding. The control months maximum yields were obtained was significantly better when on both limed and unlimed soil. diclofop at 1.1 kg a.i./ha was applied at seeding (preemergence) to about 14 days after seeding, and in the early morning or evening than at Digitaria Species mid-day.

0800 BOULTON, P., and NORTON, B.W. 0797 ANONYMOUS. 1982. Common weed of 1982. Lamb growth on N-fertilized sugarcane.South African Sugar Journal pangola grass and legume based 66(9): 382-383. pastures in Southeast Queensland.Proceedings of the Presents a brief account of Australian Society of Animal Digitaria sanguinalis and its Production 14: 641. 2 ref. distribution in South Africa. Its agricultural significance in general 0801 BRITZ, S.J. 1982. Photosynthate and in the South Africa sugar partitioning in Digitaria decumbens: industry in particular is discussed involvement of circadian rhythms in and chemical control methods are photoperiodic regulation.Plant suggested. Physiology 69(4, suppl): 7. (Abstract). 0798 AHRENS, J.F., and BING, A. 1982. Chemical control of large The proportion of photosynthate crabgrass on railroad retained as starch in the leaf during ballast.Proceedings Northeastern Weed the light period is subject to Science Society 36: 238-240. photoperiodic regulation: short days (= 9h light period) result in Twenty-five herbicide treatments 2-3-fold greater foliar starch were applied in early May on railroad accumulation rates (SAR) than do long ballast that had a high population of days. To test the possible large crabgrass (Digitaria involvement of circadian rhythms, sanguinalis) the previous year. plants grown in light-dark cycles (7h Large crabgrass was emerging at light period) were maintained in treatment. Control of large continuous, dim, cool-white crabgrass in September was fluorescent light at about 35 micro consistently effective with mol/sq m per sec (twice the light treatments containing diuron at 4 compensation point for lb/A or more, alone or in combination photosynthesis) for up to 48h. Fresh with other herbicides. groups of plants were transferred at intervals to bright light at 500 0799 ASHLEY, R.A. 1982. Timing micro mol per sq m per sec and applications of diclofop for control assayed for net photosynthesis and of large crabgrass.Proceedings SAR. A pronounced circadian rhythm Northeastern Weed Science Society 36: in SAR was observed which was not 199-202. correlated with changes in n..t photosynthesis. It appears that a Effective Digitaria sanguinalis rhythm may underlie the effects of daylength of partitioning.

184 0802 BRYAN, W.B., and VELASQUEZ, 1982. Separation, identification and E.R. 1982. Legume establishment in quantification of lignin pangola grass pastures in the humid saponification products extracted tropics.Pages 355-260 In Biological from digit grass and their relation nitrogen fixation technology for to forage quality.Journal of Animal tropical agriculture: papers Science 54: 196-203. 20 ref. presented at a workshop, 9-13 March 1981, Cali, Colombia (eds. P.H. Laboratory analyses were conducted Graham and S.C. Harris). Cali, on four digitgrass (Digitaria Colombia:Centro Internacional de species) hays. The principal Agricultura Tropical. 3 ref. phenolic compounds present in the extract were p-coumaric acid (PCS) An experiment to compare two and ferulic acid (FA). Separation methods for establishing different and quantification of the phenolic forage legumes in a pangolagrass acids were performed with 3% dimethyl (Digitaria decumbens) pasture, was silicone (SE-30) and temperature carried out on a loamy clay soil in programming from 100 to 200 C. the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela. Extraction time, NaOH concentration Fourteen legumes, were hand seeded and particle size did not affect the into clipped pasture that had been yield of PCA and only particle size either disk harrowed or rotovated had an effect (P<.02) on the yield of twice and disk harrowed. All FA. Repeated measurements of PCA and legume/pangolagrass associations FA resulted in .93 and .76 intraclass yielded more DM and CP than grass correlations, respectively. Changes only. All legumes increased the CP in the percentage of FA in neutral content of the associated detergent fiber (NDF) from 2 to 8 pangolagrass. weeks (.27 to .35%) were small compared to changes in PCA during the 0803 CHAPMAN, P.G., and NORTON, same period (.24 to .61%). Organic B.W. 1982. The effect of sample matter (DM) intake and digestibility preparation on the digestion of declined with advancing maturity. OM chopped, masticated and ground digestibility was closely related to siratro and pangola grass in nylon NDF digestibility (r = .98, P<.0001). bags.Proceedings of the Australian A sharp decline in OM digestibility Society of Animal Production 14: from 2 to 4 week was accompanied by 580-583. 13 ref. increases in permanganate lignin, NDF, acid detergeut fiber and PCA. For 5 weeks, 3 sheep were fed dried chopped hay of pangola grass 0805 DERNOEDEN, P.H. 1982. Single (Digitaria decumbens) and siratro. versus repeat application of Samples of feed prepared as fresh preemergence crabgrass herbicides frozen material or dried chopped hay using reduced rates the second were then either masticated or ground year.Proceedings Northeastern Weed and these samples incubated in nylon Science Society 36: 315-319. 2 ref. bags. Sample preparation was shown to affect the estimates of DM Benefin 2.5 G, bensulide 4EC, DCPA degradability rate constants, with 75 WP, oxadiazon and siduron 50 WI values for fresh frozen samples were applied at recommended and significantly greater than for dried reduced rates to plots that had samples, and values for ground received the same herbicide the samples significantly greater than previous year. Benefin (2.2 + 2.2 kg for chopped and masticated samples. a.i./ha), bensulide (8.5 and 4.3 + 4.3 kg a.i./ha) and oxadiazon (4.5, 0804 CHAVES, C.M., MOORE, J.E., 2.2 + 2.2 kg a.i./ha) provided MOYE, H.A., and OCUMPAUGH, W.R. exceptional, season long control of

185 Digitaria ischaemum. Data indicated studies with pangola grass.Page 82 In that no significant residual effect Annual report, Commonwealth was provided by bensulide, DCPA and Scientific and Industrial Research siduron from the previous year. Organization, Division of Tropical Delaying irrigation reduced efficacy Crops and Pastures, 1981-82. of bensulidide more than DCPA or Brisbane, Australia: Commonwealth benefin. Preemergence activity of Scientific and Industrial Research DCPA was markedly improved when Organization. watered in immediately after application. Lignin carbohydrate complexes previously prepared from cellulase 0806 ENN:S, B.G., and ASHLEY, R.A. digested stems of pangola grass 1982. Effectiveness of BAS 9052 OH, were treated with dilute alkali at diclofop and CGA 82725 applied at room temperature. Both delignified various stages of growth of and non-delignified gross tissues crabgrass.Proceedings Northeastern were investigated. Preliminary Weed Science Society 36: 151-153. analysis by gas-liquid chromatography showed there were several structural BAS 9052 OH, diclofop and CGA 82725 differences between the carbohydrates were evaluated for control of before and after delignification, and Digitaria sanguinalis at the between the soluble and insoluble preemergence, spike, 2-3 leaf and 4-5 carbohydrates from the leaf stages. CGA 82725 provided good non-delignified tissuie. Mass to excellent control at each stage of spectrometric analysis will be application. Diclofop exhibited good carried out to identify the control at the preemergence, spike, hydrolysed carbohydrates and to and 2-3 leaf stages. RAS 9052 OH determine their structural provided eicellent control only when significance. applied at the 4-5 leaf si tge. 0809 GOODCHILD, I.K., THURBON, P.N., 0807 ENNIS, B.G., and ASHLEY, R.A. SIBBICK, R., and SHEPHERD, R. 1982. 1982. Evaluation of subsequent Effect of land preparation and preemergence activity following nitrogen fertilizer on yield and postemergence application of RAS 9052 quality of temperate species OH, diclofop and CGA introduced into a tropical grass 82725.Proceedings Northeastern Weed sward during autumn.Australian Science Society 36: 132-134. Journal of Experimental Agricultutre and Animal Husbandry 22(114-115): RAS 9052 OH, diclofop and CGA 82725 88-94. 16 ref. were evaluated for preemergence activity following postemergence Five temperate pasture species were applications on Digitaria compared singly and in combination sanguinalis. CGA 82725 at 0.56 kg/ha for their winter production when and diclofop at 1.1 and 1.7 kg /ha introduced into an existing couch anel exhibited considerable preemergence pangols mixed pasture grown under activity following postemergence irrigation in tropical Queensland. applications. In comparison to a The effects of preparing a cultivated control with an average crabgrass seedbed and applying 50 kg N/ha per population of 4/929 sq cm, CGA 82725 month on dry matter (DM) yield and in at 0.56 kg/ha reduced D. sanguinalis vitro dry matter digestibility population to 1/929 sq cm. Diclofop (IVDMD) were stucued. Nitroger. at 1.1 and 1.7 kg/ha also decreased fertilizer increased the DM yields of population to 2/919 sq cm. all pasture types. It was concluded that clovers, ryegrasses, and clover 0808 FORD, C.W. 1982. Digestibility and ryegrass mixtures could be

186 SMART, G.C. introduced annually into existing 0812 HAROON, S.A., and couch and oangola mixed pasture to JR. 1982. An evaluatic of two decumberis as provide winter forage in a tropical cultivars of Digitaria environment. biological control agents of some endo - and ecto - parasitic 0810 HACKER, J.B. 1982. Digitaria nematodes.Journal of Nematology smutsii breeding.Page 26 In Annual 14(4): 444-445. (Abstract). report, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Pangola and Tranavala digitgrasses Division of Tropical Crops and when inoculated with Trichodorus Pastures, 1981-82. Brisbane, christiei, Xiphinema americanum, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific Hoploaimus galeatus, and and Industrial Research Organization. Tylenchorhynchus martini were hosts of and demaged by each nematode. A breeding program desi.gned to Transvala digitgrasis was antagonistic incorporate the high spring yielding to Belonolaimus longicaudatus and was ability of an almost sterile a poor host for Hemicyliophora accession of D. smutsii (CPI 16778A) species, Helicotylencnus species, and with the fertility of CPI 38869 is pratylenchus brachyurus; Pangola continuing. The F5 population of digitgrass was an excellent host for more than 9000 plants was planted at all four nematodes. Pangola the Narayen Research Station and at digitgrass was antagonistic to the Cooper Laboratory in late 1981 Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, early 1982 and inflorescence samples M. hapla, and M. arenaria; some were collected and assessed for larvae entered the roots, but none fertility. Frost damage was slight developed beyond the late second in the severe 1982 winter and spring stage. The roots of Trausvala yield will he rated in September 1982. digitgrass were entred by larvae of the four Meloidogyne species and some 0811 HCKER, J.B., MC IVOR, J.G., developed to maturity and produced ANDREW, M.H., and MOTT, J.J. 1982. eggs; root galls were small. When Variation in dormancy in Digitaria pots were inoculated with both B. milanjiana.Pages 26-27 In Annual longicaudatus and M. incognita and report, Commonwealth Scientific and interplanted with Pangola and Industrial Research Organization, Transvala digitgrasses, poiulations Division of Tropical Crops and of both nematodes declined. Since Pastures, 1981-82. Brisbane, Pangola dn Transvala digitgrasses are Australia: Commonwealth Scientific used as pasture grasses in Florida, and Industrial Research Oi-anization. it was suggested that the two be interplanted to provide mutual Seeds of four accessions, two from protection. an equatorial climate and two from close to the tropic were tested for 0813 HAROON, S.A., NATION, J.L., germinability and viability at and SMART, G.C. JR. 1982. Isolation monthly or two monthly intervals, of a natural nematicide from pangola CPI 59770 exhibited negligible digitgrass, Digitaria decumbens, that dormancy and germinated in the field affects egg hatch and larval survival on the first rain. CPI 59815 was of Meliodogyne incognita.Journal of dormant at sowing but dormancy broke Nematology 14(4): '44. (Abstract). rapidly. The two tropical ecotypes were highly dormant at sowing and at An aqueous extract of Pangola Lansdown and Katherine were climatic digitgrass roots (20 wk old) killed condizions suitable for breaking many larvae of Meloidogyne incognita dorimncy, prior to hatching and reduced survival of those that did hatch in a

187 both laboratory bioassay. The extract did decraboxylation pathways and, in cells, not move on silica gel thin layer bundle sheath and mesophyll were unique chromatography developed with proteins were found which sheath chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic to each species. Bundle were found acid (75:60:15 V/V); when developed proteins of one C4 species sheath with isopropanol:water (10:3), the to be more like bundle species than active matrial was located about 1 cm proteins of another C4 of the sa , from the origin as measured by kine mesophyll proteins biological activity assays. The species. active material is stable after and PETERS, heating for 48 h at 90 C but not 0815 HIMMELSTEIN, F.J., activity of after heating for 20 minutes at 121 R.A. 1982. Preemergence RO 13-8895 deg C. It is not soluble in nonpolar R&S 9052 OH, CGA-82725 and forage solvents. Active material was on crabgrass and several Northeastern Weed precipitated from concentrated species.Proceedings aqueous extracts by adjusting to pH Science Society 36: 17-21. 10 with dilute NaOH. The dried OH), CGA-82725 precipitate produced about 50% Sethoxydim (BAS 9052 and 0.84 kg/ha mortality of M. incognita larvae in a and RO 13-8895 at 0.28 preemergence laboratory bioassay at a dose of 1.0 were evaluated for crabgrass mg precipitate/ml water. The active activity on large and seven material migrates as one spct in (Digitaria sanguinalis) in a green several paper chromatographic systems perennial forage grasse8 results showed and is detectable with a spray of 1% house experiment. The three herbicides diphenylcarbazone reagent. The that all the preemergence identity of the precipitated material displayed excellent The response of is not yet known. control of crabgrass. perennial forage grasses were however 0814 HARRISON, P.A., and BLACK, variable. C.C. 1982. Two dimensional ELIAS, A., MUNOZ, electrophoretic mapping of proteins 0816 JORDAN, H., 1982. A note of hundle sheath and mesophyll cells E., and CABALLERO, A. development and of the C4 grass, Digitaria on the fetal-maternal holstein cows sanguinalis (L.) calving losses of Journal Scop.(Crabgrass).Plant Physiology 70: consuming pangola grass.Cuban Science 16(2): 1359-1366. 27 ref. of Agricultural 149-153. 11 ref. (Summary:Ru). Two dimensional electrophoresis was Holstein cows performed on proteins of bundle Ten fourth lactation were selected. sheath and mesophyll cells isolated with 500 kg liveweight maintained in from Digitaria sanguinaliru. The animals were decumbens) Two-dimensional maps of theee pangola grass (Digitaria with 400 kg proteins were constructed an4 areas fertilized from the ribulose-1,5biphosphate carboxyla'e N/ha/year and supplemented at a rate of 0.45 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 5th litre of milk and 1 kg of were identified. Of the total number kg of concentrate/litre last two months of of proteins found in both cell types, concentrate in the fetal and maternal 36% were found only in bundle sheath gestation to study during gestation and cells, 17% only in mesophyll cells, weight gains losses as indices to be and 47% in both cell types. By calving in the calculations for comparison, the distributions of 48 included The results enzymes assayed in these cell types gestation requirements. for the three periods were 35%, 21%, and 44% respectively, encountered from the 1st to the 7th Protein patterns were also compared studied: the 7th to the 8th month with C4 plants exhibiting different month, from

188 and from the 8th to the 9th month of kg/ha/year in glycine was detected. gestation for daily gain were The cost of production of one ton of (kg/day): 0.181; 1.003 and -0.244, protein ranged between $82 and $114 respectively. Total percentage in glycine and between $221 and $349 increase or decrease was: 55.8; 44.2 in pangola grass. and -10.7% for each of the stages studied. Calving losses in respect 0819 MISLEVY, P., MOTT, G.O., and to total calf and placenta losses MARTIN, F.G. 1982. Effect of grazing were: 65, 26 and 8.88%, respectively, frequency on forage quality and Further studies with this feeding stolon characteristics of tropical system for dairy cows during their perennial grasses.Proceedings of the last month of gestation are required. Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida 41: 77-83. 7 ref. 0817 KANWAR, R.S., and BAINS, B.S. 1982. Comparative tests of Pots of 13 cv. of Cynodon species, pre-emergence herbicides for weed 2 D:gitaria decumbens cv. and bahia control in spring-planted grauz were grazed to a height on sugarcene.Tropical Pest Management 7.5cm at intervals of 2,3,4,5 or 7 28(3): 317-319. weeks. Average in vitro OM digestibility ranged from 46% in 0818 LOPEZ, M., and PARETAS, J.J. bermuda grass cv. alicia to 61% in C. 1982. Comparative study of dry matter nlemfuensis cv. Puerto Rico and yield and nitrogen of glycine Digitaria decumbens. Reducing the (Neonotonia wightii) and pangola grazing frequency from 2 to 7 weeks grass (Digitaria decumbens Stent) in increased digestibility but gave a red soil.Cuban Journal of 50% decrease in CP levels. Cynodon Agricultural Science 16(3): 293-302. species stolons were longer and 18 ref. (Summary:Ru). denser under cool conditions than those of Digitaria decumbens. The dry matter yield and nitrogen Forage production by Digitaria potential of glycine was compared to decumbens stopped when Soil pangla grass (Digitaria decumbens). temperature was below 10 deg C. The main plots were occupied by glycine %itu or without inoculation 0820 MONZOTE, M., FUNES, F., and and by paugola grass, while the GARCIA, M. 1982. Tropical legumes sub-plots by the basal fertilization associated to pangola grass or not of lime, P205, K20, sodium (Digitaria decumbens Stent.) tetraborate anJ ammonium molibdate establishment.Cuban Journal of (2,000, 200, 200, 20 .-nd 2 Agricultural Science 16(1): 105-114. kg/ha/year, respectively) and the 20 ref. (Summary:Ru). sub-sub-plots by the doses of 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg N/ha/year as urea. The establishment of the legumes Annual dry matter (t/ha) and nitrogen glycine, siratro, centro, desmodium (kg/ha) yields were of 8.8 and 101; and stylo sown after a minimum 11.2 and 127; 14.5 and 182 and 17.8 tillage (double horrowing) on and 205 for NO, N50, N100, and N200 previously established pangola in pangola grass, respectively and 15 grass (Digitaria decumbens) was and 476; 14.8 and 451; 14.7 and 437 evaluated in a random block design and 15 and 424 in glycine, with four replicates. Three cuttings respectively. Under t'he conditions in the establishment year were of this experiment no response to practised. Results show a better inoculation was found. Basal general performance of glycine and fertilization augmenteJ absorption siratro with pangola grass, although and nitrogen fixation some 25%. A the establishment of the remaining nitroen fixation of approximately 350 legumes was achieved. Evaluation

189 under grazing conditions is suggested. locations were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel 0821 NASH, A.S., and DERNOEDEN, electrophoresis and Coomassie blue P.H. 1982. Effectiveness and staining of leaf (Digitaria persistence of oxadiazon as a sanguinalis) extracts and isolated preemergence crabgrass herbicide and cell extracts. The mesophyll subsequent effects on overseeded cells exhibited a greater perennial ryegrass.Proceedings allocation of total cellular proetin Northeastern Weed Science Society 36: into membrane - associated proteins 301-306. 4 ref. relative to soluble proteins. In contrast, the bundle sheath cella 0822 PETERS, R.A., and ZAPRAZALKA, exhibited a higher percentage of J.R. 1982. Post-cutting herbicide total cellular protein in soluble applications on alfalfa for crabgrass proteins. Phosphoenolpyruvate control.Proceedings Northeastern Weed carboxylase was the major soluble Science Society 36: 63-67. protein in the mesophyll cell and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase was Several herbicides were applied the major soluble protein in the within five days after the removal of bundle sheath cell. The majority of first or second cut established in vivo 35S-pulse labeled proteins alialfa for the control of large synthesized by the two crabgras6 cell crabgrass (Digituria sanguinalis). types corresponded in molecular Paraquat was not effective in weight to the proteins present in the controlling crabgrass in the cell types. Both cell types exhibited second cut of alfalfa since most of equivalent in vivo labeling of a the crabgras& germinated after the polypeptide with one-and paraquaL application. Applications two-dimensional electrophoretic of paraquat at .28 kg/ha applied 5 behaviour similar to the major days after the second cut did give aporprotein of the light harvesting crabgrass control without injury to chlorophyll a/b protein. alfalfa in the third cut. Alachlor and metolachlor applied after the 0824 RATCLIFFE, R.H., and OAKES, first cut controlled crabgrass in A.J. 1982. Yellow sugarcane aphid both the second and third alfalfa cut resistance in selected Digitaria without injury to the alfalfa. germplasm.Journal of Economic Hexazinone, glyphosate and HOE 00661 Entomology 75(2): 308-314. 9 ref. caused unacceptable injury to alfalfa. Sethoxydim, CGA-82725, and Five Digitaria accessions, Ro 13-8895 controlled crabgrass classified as resistant or without effect on the alfalfa when susceptible to Sipha flave in applied on the stubble of second cut screening trials, were studied in the alfalfa 5 days after mowing the laboratory to determine mechanisms of alfalfa. resistance, effectiveness of resistance against two geographically 0823 POTTER, J.W., and BLACK, C.C. isolated aphid populations, and the JR. 1982. Differential protein value of resistance in reducing yield composition and gene expression in and quality losses in Digitaria leaf mesophyll cells and bundle species attacked by S. flava. Four sheath cells of the C4 plant accessions - P.I. 299610 and 299612, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) scop.Plant D. diversinervis; 364357, D. Physiology 70: 590-597. 29 ref. frieseii, and 364523, D. longiflora exhibited a high level of resistance nymphs. The distribution and molecular to aphid adults and the main weights of cellular proteins in Antibiosis appeared to be based on soluble and membrane-associated mechanism of resistance,

190 studies with P.I. 364357. The fed S+. accessions P.I. 299610, 364357, and 364523 were resistant to aphid 0826 REES, M.C., DAVIS, P., and populations from Louisiana and the HOGAN, J.P. 1982. The effect of Bahamas, whereas P.I. 111110, D. fertilizer and supplementary sulphur decumbens was highly susceptible to on the digestion of Digitaria pentzii both populations. The level of in sheep.Proceedings of the resistance in P.I. 364357 was Australian Society of Animal sufficient to prevent significant Production 14: 681. 3 ref. changes in dry-matter yield, percent dry matter, and per cent protein in Digitaria pentzii was grown on S plants receiving moderate to heavy deficient soil with (S+) or without infestations of the yellow sugarcane (S-) application of 60 kg S/ha. A aphid. seven-week regrowth of each was cut, chopped and dried at 90-100 deg C. 0825 REES, M.C., DAVIS, P., and Five sheeps (group A) each were fed HOGAN, J.P. 1982. Effect of S- ad lib first alone and then with 1 fertilizer and supplementary sulphur g elemental S per day. Another group on the digestion of Digitaria pentzii (B) was fed S- followed by S+ both ad in sheep.Pages 14.4-145 In Annual lib. Both supplementary and report, Commonwealth Scientific and fertilizer S increased intake of Industrial Research Organization, organic matter (OM) but increase Division of Tropical Crops and caused by fertilizer S was Pastures, 1981-82. Brisbane, significant. Both treatments reduced Australia: Commonwealth Scientific the concentration of rumen ammonia and Industrial Research Organization. and increased the quantity of non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN) leaving Digitaria pentzii was grown at two the stomach. Fertilizer S increased levels of S on S deficient soil; the digestibility of NAN and quantity with S at 60 kg/ha (S+) and without of crude protein digested in the S fertilizer (S-). A seven-week intensities. The balance between regrowth of each was cut, chopped and internally digested protein and OM dried at 90 to 100 deg C and fed ad was substantially better for sheep lib. to sheep. Five sheeps were fed fed S+. S- first alone and then with 1 g elemental S per sheep daily and a 0827 SCHANK, S.C., RUELKE, O.C., second group was fed S- followed by OCUMPAUGH, W.R., MOORE, J.E., and S+. Flow and digestion of organic HALL, D.W. 1982. Survenola matter (OM), acid detergent fiber digitgrass: a tropical forage (ADF) and nitrogen in the rumen and grass.Circular, Florida Agricultural intestines were measured. Experiment Stations, no. S-292. 15 Supplementary and fertilizer S pp. 11 ref. increased the intake of OH. Both forms of S reduced the concentration Digitaria valida (male parent) and of rumen ammonia and increased the Digitaria setivalva (female parent) quantity of NAN leaving the rumen. were crossed, to develop a new Fertilizer S increased the hybrid. After 15 years of extensive digestibility of NAN and the quantity testing at the University of Florida of crude protein digested in the (USA) and other diverse locations it intestines. However, S+ did not was released as Digitaria x unfolozi appear to increase digestion of ADF. Hall, 'Survenola'. This document All diets benifited from the gain of describes the origin yield test N in the rumen; the balance between conducted at Florida and other intestinally digested protein and OM cooperative countries, quality of was substantially better for sheep hay, resistance to pangola stunt

191 70 to 80% reductions in leaf virus, production and management, and showed index (LAI) at 90% shading. Dry planting material distribution, area matter production in Digitaria, and Acanthospermum 0828 SCIARAPPA, W.J. JR. 1982. 1981 Dactyloctenium, reduced up to 80% at higher EUP results in the Northeast with was levels. Photosynthetic sethoxydim.Proceedings Northeastern shading flux density (PPFD) Weed Science Society 36: 39-40. photon measurements showed a negative between levels of shading Results are given of the trials in correlation the seed production in these New Jersey and Pennsylvania that led and The study indicated that by the granting of an Experimental weeds. to crop canopies to create Use Permit to sethoxydim for use in manipulating shading, substantial weed soybeans. Sethoxydim at 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 desired could be achieved. and 1 lb/acre applied to soybeans at suppression the 2- to 4-trifoliate leaf stage SHIEH, Y.J., KU, M.S.B., and gave respectively 75, 85, 90 and 100% 0830 C.C. JR. 1982. Photosynthetic control of Agropyron repens which was BLACK, of aspartate in mesophyll 8 to 10 inch tall when treated. No metabolism bundle sheath cells isolated from regrowth occurred throughout the and sanguinalis (L.) Scop., a season. Sethoxydim at 0.2 lb/acre Digitaria + - malic enzyme C4 plant.Plany controlled most annual grasses, NADP 69: 776-780. 28 ref. regardless of growth stage. Large Physiology (Digitaria sanguinalis) and crabgrass and bundle sheath maize required slightly Mesophyll cells volunteer from leaves of rates. The addition of oil at strands isolated higher are capable of of 1.25% v/v improved Digitaria sanguinalis a concentration as a Hill of sethoxydim at 0.1 utilizing aspartate the performance evolution Variations in oxidant. The resulting 02 and 0.2 lb/acre. the did not upon illumination depends on pressure and spray volume is the performance presence of 2-oxoglutarate, significantly affect by of sethoxydim at 0.2 lb/acre. inhibited 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l,1-dimethylur by inethylamine. SHETTY, S.V.R., SIVAKUMAR, ea, and is stimulated 0829 - dependent 02 RAM, S.A. 1982. Effect The rate of aspartate M.V.K., and cells was the growth of some evolution with mesophyll of shading on with of the semi-arid similar to those common weeds or with Journal 74(6): phosphoenolpyruvate + C02 tropics.Agronomy Amino-oxyacetate, 1023-1029. 12 ref. oxalacetate. inhibited the aspartate-dependent 02 Aspartate influence of shading on the evolution. The and NADP+malate growth, leaf area, dry matter aminotransferase are located in the production, and seed production of dehydrogenase chloroplasts. These data some common weeds of the semiarid mesophyll that chloroplasts of tropics was investigated in a field suggest cells and that oxalacetate study at ICRISAT Center, Hyderabad mesophyll reduced to malate, (India) during 1978 and 1979 rainy is subsequently is coupled to the photochemical seasons. Different shade treatments which of 02. The data indicate were achieved by erecting rectangular evolution may be converted to bamboo frames over each plot. Seven that aspartate in both mesophyll and bundle weed species including Digitaria malate sheath cells. In NADP+ malic enzyme ciliaris were studied. At 90% aspartate may exist as a shading plant height was reduced to species, C4-dicarboxylic acid reservoir which 30% of the control with Celosia and can contribute to the C4 cycle Tridax. Digitaria and Dactyloctenium through its conversion to malate.

192 0831 VAN YAHRES, R.D., and and 10.45, JAGSCHITZ, J.A. 8.17 and 13.09, 11.36 and 1982. Pre and 14.55, postemergence 15.62 and 14.34, 15.23 and herbicides for the 15.43, control of and 19.57 and 17.56 t/ha for crabgrass in lawn each areas.Proceedings N rate respectively. CP yield Northeastern Weed for these Science Society was 316 and 489, 453 and 36: 292-297. 8 ref. 664, 755 and 648, 1122 and 930, 987 and 997, The effects of application and 1290 and 1113 kg/ha for rates, each N rate, respectively. split rates, formulation and combinations materials were inve';tigated. 0833 WATSCHKE, Results were based upon T.L., and WELTERLEN, crabgrass M.S. 1982. Preemergence (Digitaria ischaemum) control crabgrass and control in turf.Proceedings injry to turfgrass. In the Northeastern Weed Science preemergence Society 36: test, certain 298-300. formulations and rates following of the herbicides provided 0834 excellent WATSON, C., and NORTON, control (90-100%) without B.W. 1982. The utilization of objectionable turf injury (2.0 pangola or grass hay by sheep greater), they were:benefin, and Angora goats.Proceedings of the Australian brnsulide, DCPA, napropamide, Society of Animal o0.:diazon, prosulfalin, Production 14: siduron and 467-470. 18 ref. AC 92390. Fine granular benefin afforded better control than coarse granulars or sprays. Three napropamide formulations gave Echinochloa Species excellent control at the 2 lb rate. ai/A ComLnations of bensulide with napropamide and siduron with 0835 COBB, B.G., bensulide, DCPA or and KENNEDY, R.A. oxadiazon provided 1982. Distribution excellent of ADH activity in results. In the anaerobic postemergence tolerant and intolerant test, excellent results plants.Agronomy Abstracts. p. 94. were provided by Results SDMA and MSMA. with BAS 9052 OH were Seeds of rice and inconsistent with the potential Echinochloa for oryzicola have the unusual turf injury. DPX-4189 provided ability to poor germinate and control with no grow in an anerobic turf injury, environment. Interestingly under 0832 VARGAS, these conditions L.P.C., and SIEWEDT, is only the coleoptile L. produced . On the other hand, 1982. Effect of increasing doses corn pea seeds do not grow of nitrogen on the yield and in quality an anerobic environment; of pangola grass (Digitaria seeds decumbens either do Stent.) hay.(Pt). not germinate or Revista da produce only a short radical without Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia oxygen. Because of these 11(4): 721-733. 22 ref. (Sumary:En). differences in the ability to germinate without oxygen, Pangola grass established in the distribution of alcohol a dehydrogenase in shoots and humic planosol in Brazil roots of was these seeds was determined. administered ammonium sulphate Seeds in were germinated for 6 days doses of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 in air and or 250 then for 2 days anaerobically. kg N/ha/year. Swards Roots cutting took and shoots place 4 times/year were separated and the except for those levels given of ADH determined in 0 or 50 kg N in 1978-79 and each 0, organ. Approximately 2/3 50 or 100 kg in 1979-80 of the ADH which were activity was found cut 3 times. For these in the shoots of two years, the tolerant plants, the average hay whereas in the production was 6.16 intolerant plants 2/3 of the ADH

193 activity was in the roots. The grarses were determined during winter location of ADH activity within the and summer seasons in monocultures seed may be important in the ability raised in the field at 3 moisture of plants to germinate in the field levels (100, 50 and 25% of field in the presence of excess water. capacity). At each moisture level plants were clipped 3 times at 0836 LE STRANGE, M., and HILL, J.E. moderate and severe levels 1982. The effects of nitrogen on corresponding to 40 and 80% of live competition by barnyardgrass green. Concentration of nutrients, (Echinochloa spp.) in a tall and was characteristic of growth habit of short statured rice variety.Agronomy grasses, e.g., build-up of Abstracts. p. 123. concentration was maximum in leaf of annuals while it was comparable in Barnyardgrass competition at six crown and leaf of Dich~nthium. The N nitrogen rates (20-188 kg/ha) was level was maximum in Polypogon. studied in a tall (S-6) and short Nutrient use efficiency was statured (S-201) rice variety, comparable in the 2 annuals and Although yields of both varieties maximum K and N use were obtained in decreased with increasing Polypogon and Dichanthium, barnyardgrass densities, (0-172 respectively. plants/m2), yield reductions were greater in the short variety. 0838 PANDE., P.N. 1982. Benthiocarb Increasing barnyardgrass densities for weed control in rice nursery.Page significantly delayed heading and 10 In Abstracts of papers, Annual increased lodging, however, Conference of Indian Society of Weed barnyardgrass and rice height, and Science, 1982. rice leaf nitrogen were not significantly influenced. Increasing Reports use of Thiobencarb at 1.5 the nitrogen rate to 121 kg/ha in the kg/ha in EC formulation applied 7 absence of barnyardgrass competition days after sowing for control of significantly increased rice yields. Echinochloa species and annual sedges Further yield increases were not without causing any phytotoxicity to achieved with higher nitrogen rates. rice seedlings. Low densities of barnyard grass reduced the yield response to 0839 SACCOL, A.V., and CAMERON nitrogen additions. At high weed MINOR, H. 1982. Control of barnyard densities all levels of added grass (Echinochloa spp.) in an nitrogen decreased rice yields. The irrigated rice/soybean rotation.(Pt). rate of nitrogen applied Revista do Centro de Ciencias Rurais significantly influenced the ability 12(2/3): 137-148. 30 ref. of rice to compete with barnyardgrass. (Summary:En).

0837 MISRA, G., and SINGH, K.P. 0840 SANTOS, R.P. DOS, SACCOL, A.V., 1982. Effect of soil moisture and SCHNEIDER, F.M., and BURIOL, G.A. clipping stresses on the nutrient (N, 1982. The influence of methods and P and K) concentration, uptake and time of incorporation on efficiency use efficiency in one temperate and of trifluralin in control of barnyard two tropical grasses.Plant and Soil grass (Echinochloa spp.) in soyabean 69: 413-421. 24 ref. (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) grown in hydromorphic soil.(Pt). Revista do Concentration, uptake and nutrient Centro Ae Ciencias Rurais 12(2/3); use efficiency of N, P and K in a C3 129-135. 11 ref. (Summary:En). annual (Polypogon monspeliensis) and 2 C4 (Echinochloa colonum and 0841 SHIMIZU, N. 1982. Preliminary Dichanthium annulatum, a perennial) studies on interspecific and

194 intervarietal differences of chemical control methods are morphological and ecological suggested. characteristics in the genus Echinochloa.(Ja). Bulletin of the 0843 COFFEY, D.L., and MONKS, D.W. National Grassland Research Institute 1982. The effect of formulations and 21: 19-?9. (Summary:En). mode of applications of metribuzin for sweet potatoes.Proceedings Total 31 strains of 6 wild and 2 Southern Weed Science Society 35: 98. cultivated species and varieties of (Abstract). Echinochloa were grown under field conditions and examined for 37 Metribuzin applied immediately characters in relation to plant, after transplanting sweet potatoes panicle and spikelet. Cluster gave better control of Eleusine analysis and principal component indica and Amaranthus retroflexus analysis demonstrated that the than did applications before strains could be classified into five transplanting. Metribuzin gave groups: the cultivated species (E. better control of Eleusine indica utilis and E. frumentacea) group, E. when formulated as 50 and 75% w.p. oryzicola group, E. crus-galli var than as a 4 F formulation, but the formosensis group, E. crus-galli var latter reduced the crop vigour more praticola group including E. colonum, than the w.p. formulations. The e. crus-galli var. vrus-galli group activity of 0.56 kg metribuzin/ha including species introduced from against Eleusine indica was improved Africa and one strain of E. by the addition of 1.7 kg alachlor/ba. crus-galli var formosensis introduced from Taiwan. The 0844 DUSKY, J.A. 1982. Weed control differences between the cultivated in celery grown on organic and the wild species could be clearly soils.Proceedings Southern Weed recognized in diameter of culm, leaf Science Society 35: 135. (Abstract). width, panicle weight, and spikelet shape. E. oryzicola and E. Several preemergence treatments crus-galli var. formosensis were were evaluated in celery sown in distinctly divided from each other; raised beds on organic soils. More the sizes of plant and panicle of E. than 90% control of Eleuine indica crus-galli var formosensis were was provided by 0.14 kg Goal larger than those of E. oryzicola (oxyfluorfen), 1.12 kg Prowl, 2.24 kg while the size of spikelet of E. Sonalan and 4.48 kg bolero crus-galli var formosensis was preemergence and by 0.28-0.56 kg smaller than that of E. oryzicola. Fusilade (fluazifop-butyl), 0.14-0.56 kg Poast (sethoxudim), RO 138895 (trifopsime) and 0.56-1.12 kg Hoelon Eleusine Species (diclofop) postemergence. 0845 GRAPE, S., KLEIFELD, Y., BARGUTTI, A., and GOGENHEIM, Y. 0842 ANONYMOUS. 1982. Common weeds 1982. Control of grasses in alfalfa of sugarcane.South African Sugar fields.Phytoparasitica 10(4): 284-285. Journal 66(12): 517. Infestation of alfalfa fields with Describes some of the features of summer grasses, especially Eleusine Eleusine indica and E. africana, indica, is a serious problem, because their distribution and habitat in heavy infestations reduce the quality South Africa. Their agricultural of the hay and shorten the productive significance in the South African life of the crop. Fluazifop-buty], sugar industry is discussed and diclofop-methyl and sethoxydin (NP55)

195 were selective to alfalfa and daily at 0.5 cm at rates of 0.56, controlled Eleusine post-emergence, 1.12, and 2.24kg/ha. Diclofop at but net grass seedlings emerged after 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha gave good each irrigation. A combined method of control of mature goosegrass grass control was tested in a field (Eleusine indica) in Tifdwarf' turf experiment, whereby soil-active mowed daily at 0.5 cm. but resulted herbicides were applied pre-emergence in inadequate control at 4.48 kg/ha to prevent the appearance of new in common bermudagrass turf mowed seedlings, and foliage-active twice weekly at 1.6 or 2.0 cm. herbicides were applied for post-emergence control. Propyzamide 0848 NICHOLS, R.L., HELLWIG, R.E., and alachlor were active EASTERS, 0., and JOHNSTON, M.C. pre-emergence but their residual 1982. Controlling goosegrass for effect war too short. EPTC, applied bermudagrass establishment.Proceeding through the sprinkler irrigation s Southern Weed Science Society 35: system, failed to prevent grass 77. (Abstract). emergence. An experiment was conducted to 0846 JOHNSON, B.J. 1982. Oxadiazon identify post-emergence herbicide treatments on overseeded treatments which could selectively putting-green turf.Weed Science control mature goosegrass (Eleusine 30(4): 335-338. 7 ref. indica) in forage bermudagrass. All treatments were applied in water at Oxadiazon at 2.2 to 4.4 kg/ha 202 L/ha with 0.5% V/V non-io,ic controlled goosegrass (Eleusine surfactant. Applying the herbicides indica) without injuring without or after mowing did not bermudagrass, but severely injured affect their phytotoxicity to overseeded common ryegrass and goosegrass or bermudagrass. Mowing perennial ryegrass for a 5- to reduced the percent goosegrass in the 6-week period after treatment in the total dry matter yield but did not spring and thus reduced turf quality, reduce the ground cover of The transition was poor because goosegrass. Metribuzin at 1.1 kg ryegrass was killed faster than a.i./ha, asulam 3.4 kg ai/ha, and bermudagrass could initiate new dalapon 1.7 and 3.4 kg ai/ha provided spring growth. The combination of satisfactory control of goosegrass bensulide and oxadiazon applied as a without causing damage to the single treatment at 6.7 + 1.7 kg/hba bermudagrass. controlled goosegrass as effectively as did oxadiazon applied alone at 2.2 0849 PENCOE, N.L., and MARTIN, P.B. kg/ha or higber rates and did not 1982. Fall army worm (Lepidoptera: injure the turf, so the transition Noctuidae) larval development and from cool-season grass to adult fecundity on five grass berlidagrass was uniform. hosts.Environmental Entomology 11: 720-723. 14 ref. 0847 MURDOCH, C.L., and NISHIMOTO, R.K. 1982. Diclofop for goosegrass Fall armyworm, Spodoptera control in bermudagrass putting frugiperda lervae were reared in the greens.Hort Science 17(6): 914-915. laboratory on five host plants and on 10 ref. artificial bean diet. The most suitable hosts for fall armyworm Diclofop caused little to no injury development, as determined by a host to common bermudagrass mowed twice suitability index, were goosegrass, weekly at 1.6-2.0 cm at rates of Eleusine indica, and coastal 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 kg/ha or bermudagrass. The least suitable to 'Tifdwarf" bermudagrass, mowed host was yellow nut-sedge.

196 species Significant differences were noted in Thellungia. B. ovaricola Eragrostis larval duration, consumption, pupal nov. is described from weight, pupul duration, adult inflorescevces. longevity, and fecundity between LUDEKE, K.L. larvae reared on the various host 0852 DAY, A.D., and mine plants. Additionally, pupal duration 1982. Stabilization of copper (five of six treatments) and adult wastes in a semi-arid environment of longevity (one of six treatments) with perennial grasses.Journal 12 ref. were sex dependent. Females reared Arid Environment 5: 285-290. on all diets except artificial diet in oviposited the greatest number of Experiments were conducted of eggs on day 1 of oviposition. Those Arizona (USA) to study the effects reared on artificial diet exhibited four soil materials (desert soil, peak oviposition on day 2. copper overburden, overburden plus copper mine tailings, and tailings) 0850 UMASHANKER, R., and on germination, seedling GANESHAIAH, K.N. 1982. Evolutionary establishment and growth of six significance of economy in the pollen perennial grass species. Perennial grain to ovule ratio in the process ryegrass, crested wheatgrass, of crop domestication.Proceedings of Eragrostis lehmanniana, Eragrostis the Indian National Science Academy curvula, Eragrostis superba, Panicum Part B 48(3): 354-360. 14 ref. antidotale were broadcast planted on each substrate. Plant growth A positive shift in the probability indicated that desert soil had the by of success of pollen grain and ovule highest productivity followed in few species of legumes and overburden, overt'rden plus tailings Eleusine during the process of and tailings, in decreasing order. domestication is traced. The All species produced taller plants, consequent decrease in the pollen more vegetation and more ground cover grain to ovule ratio from the wild to during their second year of growth domesticated crop species is than they did during the first year. discussed in relation to the changes Planting a variety of grasses on in the breeding behaviour. A method copper mine wastes increases the of characterising the wild and chances of obtaining successful domesticated species on the basis of revegetation and helps blend the their pollen grain to ovule ratio and disturbed areas into the surrounding corresponding probability of success environment. of gametes is arrived at. 0853 PHILLIPS, S.M. 1982. A numerical analysis of the Eragrostideae (Gramineae).Kew Eragrostis Species Bulletin 37(1): 133-162.

Generic limits within the tribe with 0851 ALCORN, J.L. 1982. Ovariicolous Eragrostideae are investigated Bipolaris species on Sporobolus and the aid of numerical analysis. A other grasses.Mycotaxon 15: 20-48. brief description and discussion are is 34 ref. given for each genus. Brachychloa described as a new genus. The Bipolaris ravenelii, B. australis following new names and combinations sp.nov, B. cylindria species nov., are proposed: Acrachne henrardiana, B. and B. crustacea comb. nov. are A. perrieri, Brachychloa fragilis, recognized as ovary parasites of schiemanniana, Coelachyrum yemenicum, Sporobolus. B. australis is also Cladoraphis cyperiodes, C. spinosa, E. recorded on Eragrostis and Eragrostis advena, E. conrathii,

197 production, and less tincla and E. vatovae. in forage persistant, than iron-efficient same soils or SPIES, J.J. 1982. Stomatal area strains grown on the 0854 grown on a non as an anatomical criterion for the inefficient strains In tests conducted determination of chromosome number 'n calcareous soil. the vigor of Eragrostis curvula on calcareous soils the selections was complex.Bothalia 14(1): 119-122. 7 iron-inefficient that of iron inefficient ref. (Summary:Af). better than strains, suggesting that this could be of economic Twenty stomatal areas of each of 55 characteristic be considered in Eragrostis curvula plants were benefit and should new weeping lovegrass. determined. An increase in selecting the polyploid level is shown to be moderately correlated with an increase in stomatal area. However, the extent of overlap in stomatal Panicum Species areas between different polyploid levels is too great to use this J.A., ADEPOJU, A., character for the determination of 0856 ADEPETU, A. 1982. Response of the polyploid level above the diploid and ADEGBOLA, maximum) to level. All diploid E. curvula plants guinea grass (Panicum fertilization in have an area of less than 280 sq phosphorus and zinc of southwestern micro, whereas the tetraploid plants grassland soils zur Tropischen have areas greater than 320 sq micro. Nigeria.Beitrage Veterinarmedizin It is therefore possible to identify Landwirtschaft und 19 ref. diplopid E. curvula plants on the 20(4): 371-378. Fr, Ru). basis of their stomatal area. (Summaries:De, Es, of 75 kg P/ha 0855 VOIGT, P.W., DEWALD, C.L., The application guinea grass MATOCHA, J.E., and FOY, C.D. 1982. significantly increased soils with less Adaptation of iron-efficient and dry matter yield on g available P. This -inefficient lovegrass strains to than 20 micro suggested as the calcareous soils.Crop Science 22(3): level of soil P is cultivation of 672-676. 10 ref. critical value for guinea grass in Southwest Nigeria. seemed to Eragrostis curvula strains found to Low soil Zn contents be iron efficient in greenhouse were increase the P requirement. studied whether they were better J. 1982. adapted to calcareous soils in the 0857 ASCENCIO, in plants field and if genetic differences in Photosynthetic mechanisms inLermediate C3-C4 iron efficiency were of sufficient with and in aquatic importance to consider improving iron photosynthesis de la Facultad efficiency as a worthwhile breeding plants.(Es). Revista Universidad Central de objective. Iron-efficient and de Agronomia, 267-282. 20 ref. iron-inefficient strains were grown Venezuela 12(3/4): on a calcareous soil at Beeville, (Summary:En). Tex., and a slightly acid soil of photosynthetic C (control treatment), a calcareous Several aspects in the C3/C4 intermediate soil, and the same calcareous with metabolism milioides and the submersed all plants foliar sprayed with Panicum macrophyte are examined ferrous sulfate at Woodward, Okla. aquatic leaf anatomy, C02 Selections rated as iron inefficient including points, oxygen in the greenhouse when grown on compensation of photosynthesis, calcareous soils in the field were, inhibition and C02 fixation on the average, more chlorotic, lower photorespiration

198 enzymes* atrazine + NPK, and 2,4-D + NPK areas than on fertilizer-only areas. 0858 BADE, D.H. 1982. The effect of Tallgrass prairie treated with high growth temperature alone and in atrazine and fertilizer or 2,4-D and combination with water stress on fertilizer was preferred by beef cows forage yield and quality of two as winter forage over untreated tropical grasses.Ph.D. thesis, Texas herbage. There was a 15% increase in A & M University, College Station, herbage utilization for every 1% Texas, USA. 126 pp. increase in crude protein in the herbage in December. In pot trials it was observed that high growth temperature on Bermuda 0860 BALATOVA-TULACKOVA, E., and grass and Panicum coloratum increased CAPOTE, R.P. 1982. A new savanna DM yield, leaf area, weight/tiller like community of the Sierra del and plant height. Water stress Rosario mountains, Cuba.Folia reduced DM yield by c. 38% mainly by Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 17(2): reducing tiller number/plant. In 137-148. 13 ref. vitro DM digestibility decreased significantly with increase in A new association, Bletio temperature. If the temperature purpurae-Andropogonetum gracilis, a regimes was further raised to 40/30 grass and sedge dcminated savanna deg; the mean digestibility values from the Sierra del Rosario for 30/20 deg and 40/30 deg regimes mountains, Cuba is described. Other were not significantly different. grasses typical of the savanna included Panicum aciculare, Erigeron 0859 BAKER, R.L., and POWELL, J. cuneifolius, Andropogon bicornis, 1982. Effect of atrazine, fertilizer, Aristida vilfifolia, Panicum tenerum and 2,4-D on winter grazing and Arundinella confinis. preferences of beef cows on Northcentral Oklahoma tallgrass 0861 BARRETT, M. 1982. Postemergence prairie.Journal of Range Management annual and perennial grass (Panicum 35(4): 505-507. 17 ref. dichotomiflorum) control in corn.Pages 34-35 In Proceedings, A good condition, tallgrass prairie North Central Weed Control experimental area was treated with Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, USA: selected combinations of atrazine, North Central Weed Control Conference 2,4-D, and NPK fertilizer in spring Inc. 1975 and 1976. The major plants in the study area included Schizachyrium 0862 BAUMLEY, J.J., and ILNICKI, scoparium, Sorghastrum nutans, R.D. 1982. Fall panicum competition Panicum virgatum, P. scribherianum in corn.Proceedings Northeastern Weed etc. Crude protein contents in Science Society 36: 6. Novertiber herbage ranged from 3.4% to 6.3% in treated samples. Untreated Three planting dates (May 15, 21, herbage contained 5.0% crude protein and 28) and four weed infestation Nonlactating beef cows were levels were e-. iuated in a study allowed to graze freely on the area involving fall panicum grown alone during December 1976. Utilization of and in combination with corn. Corn herbage ranged from 43% to 87%. silage yields showed a greater Utilization was greatest on NPK areas response in the third planting date (82%), 3.4 kg atrazine + NP areas with alachlor at 0.5 lb/A. Increased (85%), and 3.4 kg atrazine + NPK rates of herbicide gave excellent areas (87%). Decreaser species control of fall panicum. It was comprised a larger percentage of the observed that corn was in a better total production on atrazine + NP, competitive advantage over fall

199 panicum when planted at a later after cutting is good. planting date. 0866 CATCHPOOLE, V.R. 1982. Long )863 BELCHER, C.R., SHARP, W.C., term fertility of a brigalow clay DUELL, R.W., and WEBB, F.H. 1982. soil.Pages 61-62 In Annual report, Registration of atlantic coastal Commonwealth Scientific and panic grass (Reg. no. 82).Crop Industrial Research Organization, Science 22(6): 1262-1263. 3 ref. Division of Tropical and Pastures, 1981-82. Brisbane, Australia: Atlantic coastal panic grass Commonwealth Scientific and (Panicum amarum) was developed by the Industrial Research Organization. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) USDA and was released in 1981 in The effects of five different crops cooperation with the New Jersey on the metabolism of nitrogen (N) in Agricultural Experiment Station. the soil-plant system were studied in This paper presents a descriptive a long term experiment on brigalow account of this grass. clay soil at the Narayen Research Station (Australia). The crops were )864 BESTE, C.E., and BAGLEY, P.C. grain sorghum, mungbeans, oats, 1982. Thiocarbamate extenders and lucerne and green panic (Panicum fall panicum control in sweet maximum). The crops were grown as corn.Proceedings Northeastern Weed monocultures to emphasise the Science Society 36: 112. differences between the plant-soil systems under study. Large amounts Eaiy fall panicum (Panicum uf available N, up to 400 kg/ha were dihotomiflorum) control appeared to found accumulated since 1976 below b, reduced by R-33865 with normal the root zone of sorghum and preplant incorporation (ppi) of mungbeans, but now below oats or butylate 2 and 3 lb/A plus R-25788 lucerne and green panic. Indeed the and with EPTC 3, 4 and 6 lb/A plus latter two took up available N from R-25788. R-33865 did not improve all soil layers down to 1.5 m. The early fall panicum control with ability of lucerne and green panic to shallow ppi. Late season fall panicum extract available N from deep layers control of early seeded fall panicum of soil suggests that available N was not enhanced by R-33865 and EPTC. lost below the roots of the summer Replanting fall panicum at weekly crops could be retrieved by lucerne intervals showed that R-33865, or green panic. generally improved control with normal ppi EPTC plus R-25788, however 0867 COOK, S.J. 1982. Band the improvement was greater with establishment of pastures.Pages 94-95 shallow ppi. In Annual report, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research )865 BRAZIL:INSTITUTO AGRONOMICO, Organization, Division of Tropical COMPINAS. 1982. New Cultivars: Crops and Pastures, 1981-82. Panicum maximum.(Pt). Agronomico 34: Brisbane, Australia: Commonwealth 7. Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. Tobiata, derived from K187, has an average height of 200 cm, 40-45 An experiment was conducted on tillers, long panicles (65-70 cm), herbicide banding as a means of and a growth period of 180 days. establishing pasture species (Panicum Green yields in 2-year trials were maximum) in native speargrass 130-140 t/ha annually over 6 cuts. pastures. The results showed that Protein content is 8-9% and in vitro herbicide bands of atleast 25 cm wide digestibility is 65-70%. Regrowth were necessary to provide adequate

200 competition control to allow pastures of 0.25-0.5 lb. aijacre applied to establish. The use of herbicide postemergence provided excellent banding in conjunction with row control of 3-16 inches tall plants. spr.cings of more than lm Postemergence control during dry fignificantly reduced herbicide coots weather was enhanced with the a'd could reduce the fertilizer and addition of an oil concentrate, but seed costs in pasture improvement, not with the addition of a surfactant. Spray volume and boom 0868 DAVISON, T.M., MARSCP1.E, R.J., pressure had very little effect on and BROWN, G.W. 1982. Milh yields postemergence grass cotnrol. from feeding maize silagc and Preemergence applications of meat-and-bone meal to friesian cows CGA-82725 at 0.5 lb ai/acre provided grazing a tropical grass and legume excellent residual control. parture.Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal 0870 EDWARDS, G.E., KU, M.S.B., and Husbandry 22(116): 147-154. 27 ref. HATCH, M.D. 1982. Photosynthesis in Panicum milioides, a species with Cows grazed Panicum maximum and reduced photorespiration.Plant and glycine mixed pastures at 2.5 Cell Physiology 23(7): 1185-1195. 26 cows/ha. Milk yields averaged 14.7 ref. and 16.0 kg/cow per day for the low and high silage levels, and 15.8 and The capacity for C4 photosynthesis 14.8 kg/cow day with and without in Panicum milioides was investigated meat-and-bone meal. There was a by examining the activity of certain residual effect of 1.2 kg milk/cow key enzymes of the C4 pathway and by per day for eight weeks after the pulse-chase experinents with 14C02. experimental period from feeding The ATP+Pl dependent activity of silage at the high level. Feeding pyruvate, P1 dikinase in the species meat-and-bone meal reduced milk fat was extremely low. The antibody to percentage from 3.61 to 3.30%. pyruvate, P1 dikinase caused about Protein yield and the short-chain 70% inhibition of the ATP+P! fatty acid content of milk fat were dependent activity of the enzyme in increased by increasing the level of P. milioides. The activity of intake of silage, while feeding NAD-malic enzyme and NADP-malic meat-and-bone meal increased protein enzyme in P. milioides was equally yield, but decreased the short-chain low. Photosynthetic pulse-chase fatty acid content of milk fat. Cows experiment under atmospheric lost an average of 15.2 kg conditions showed a typical C3-like liveweight at the low silage level pattern of carbon assimilation and gained 5.7 kg at the high silage including the labelling of glycine level over eight weeks. and serine as expccted during photorespiration. During the pulse 0869 DILL, T.R., and DUMFORD, S.W. with 14C02 only about 1% of the 1982. Texas Panicum control in labelled products appeared in malate broadleaf crops with and 2-3% in aspartate. During a CGA-82725.Proceedings Southern Weed chase in atmospheric levels of C02 Science Society 35: 28. (Abstract). for up to 6 min there was a slight increase in the C4 acids. The amount Natural stands of Panicum texanum of label in carbon 4 of aspartate did were used to evaluate the selective not change during the chase use of CGA-82725, in soyabeans, indicating little or no turnover of peanuts, and cotton. Rates of the C4 acid via decarboxylation. 0.12-0.25 lb. ai/acre applied postemergence provided excellent 0871 EDWARDS, G.E., KU, S.B., and control of 1-3 inches tall and rates HATCH, M.D. 1982. Photosynthesis in

201 the C3-C4 intermediate species production. Panicum milioides.Plant Total production during Physiology the two years 69(4, suppl.): showed that 100 kg/ha 50. (Abstract). of N applied in fractions every 20 days after The capacity for C4 photosynthesis the April and September cuttings yielded 150 kg/ha in Panicum milioides was investigated of pure seeds. Production cost in this by examining the activity of key treatment was ony $l,36/kg of enzymes of C4 pathway and pure by seeds produced. It is recomnended pulse-chase experiments with 14C02. to apply 100 kg/ha of N/year every The activity of pyruvate, Pi dikinase 20 days after the April and September was extremely low and was only 2-5% cuttings to reach economic of that found in C4 plants. The productions of guinea grass seed. activity of NAD+ malic enzyme and NADP+ malic enzyme was equally low 0873 CUTERRES, E.P., similar to that of C3 and GOMES, plants D.B. 1982. Effect of (including C3 Panicums). lime and nitrogen fertilizer on Photosynthetic pulse-chase Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. experiments under Gatton.(Pt). atmospheric Anuaria Tenico Instituto conditione show a typical de Pesquisa C3-like Zootecnicas Francisco pattern of carbon Osorio 9: assimilation. 285-301. 24 ref. After (Summary:En). 35 sec of exposure to 14C02 in the light only 1% label appeared in In a field experiment malate and 2-3% in effects of 0 aspartate. During and 2.5 tons a chase in atmospheric lime/ha and 0, 100, 200 levels of C02 and 400 for up to kg N/ha on dry matter 6 min there was a slight production increase in labelling and CP content and yield in the C4 of guinea grass acids. The results cultivar Gatton was indicated that studied. Results under atmospheric showed that lime conditions P. had no milioides assimilates effect on dry matter carbon directly production or through the C3 pathway. CP content or yield but affected soil pH. Without lime 0872 CP content increased FEBLES, G., PEREZ, J., and from 8 to 11.9% as N increased from 0 to 400 PADILLA, C. 1982. Effect of nitrogern kg/ha; with lime, CP increased from 7.8 levels and time of application to on 12.7%. Without lime, Common guinea grass (Panicum maximum) total CP production increased from 175 to 1247 g-ed production.Cuban Journal of kg/ha and with lime from 183 to Agricultural Science 16(3): 323-337. 1402 kg as N increased from 0 to 400 kg/ha. 4 ref. (Summry:Ru). There were no differencs 0874 HALL, K.E., GEORGE, between RIEDL, R.R. 1982. J.R., and the 50 kg/ha and Herbage dry matter 100 kg/ha doses yields of switchgrass, applied at 40 days big bluestem, after cutting and Indiangrass compared to the control treatment, with N fertilization.Agronomy Journal Total seed production 74(1): was better when 47-51. 21 ref. 100 kg N/ha divided every after 20 days cutting were applied. A Applications of ammonium nitrate similar tendency was observed for (34-0-0) were made on 21 May 1974 pure seed. In the second year the and 13 May 1975 at 0, 75, and 150 kg product3n of panicles was N/ha greater levels. Levels of 0, 75, with 200 kg N/ha in August and 150 kg and were applied in 1976 as urea October. Total seed production showed (45-0-0) on 22 May and again on 3 July after a better perrformance in October (150 the first harvest. Two of the kg/ha) than in August (100 kg/ha) four replications received 50 kg P/ha as with the highest fertilizer doses, triple superphosphate (0-46-0) and The same occurred for pure seed 100 kg K/ha as K2S04. MgS04 (0-0-22)

202 on 7 May 1976. The K source included (average about 600). It was 60 kg Mg/ha and 118 kg S/ha. concluded that manipulation of switchgrass, big bluestem, and rates of emergence and maximum indiangrass produced herbage dry densities of heads was the only matter (DM) yields of 6.14, 6.29, and present available route through 5.59 metric tons/ha, respectively, which potential yield could be when averaged over N levels and increased. Neither the duration of years. All species genrally anthesis within heads nor percentage responded positively to N through 75, seed set were Important as variables. and often through 150 kg N/ha. Spikelet numbers per head and spikelet retention characteristics 0875 'ARTWIG, N.L., and HOFFMAN. greatly affected potential yield, but 198:. Weed control with butylate were uncontrollable. impregnated on fertilizer in corn.Proceedings Northeastern Weed 0877 HORNG, L.C., and ILNICKI, R.D. Science Society 36: 52-54. 1982. Combinations of several grass and broadleaf herbicides for The control of yellow nutsedge and postemergence weed control in fall panicum with butylate applied soybeans.Proceedings Northeastern after impregnation on fertilizer was Weed Science Society 36: 16. equal to butylate applied in 20 gal/A of water. There was also no The broadleaf herbicides difference in corn stand, height or acifluorfen, bentazon, and MO 70077 yield between the two methods of were applied postemergence to application. Delay in incorporation soybeans in combination with the of butylate up to 24 hours did not grass herbicides sethoxydim, CGA result in any loss in weed control or 82725, RO 138895, fluazifop-butyl, have any effect on corn stand, height and diclofop-methyl. These or yield. Type of minimum tillage combination treatments were applied technique used, whether a chisel together and sequentially. plow, tandem disk with incorporation Sequential applications were by a tandem disk or a heavy offset separated in time by 2 hours and one disk with incroporation by an offset week. Weeds in the experimental area disk set at about four inches did not included lambsquarters, redroot affect the weed control or corn pigweed, velvetleaf and fall panicum stand, height, and yields. (Panicum dichotomiflorum). A broader spectrum of weed control was obtained 0876 HOPKINSON, J.M., and ENGLISH, with the various combinations of B.H. 1982. Spikelet population broadleaf and grass herbicides. dynamics in seed crops of Panicum Average control of fall panicum for maximum Gatton.Seed Science and all application times was 97, 90, 94, Technology 10: 379-403. 34 ref. 98.and 98% for sethoxydim, RO 138895, (Summaries:De, Fr). CGA 82725, fluazifop-butyl and diclofop-methyl, respectively. Spikelet population characteristics were reconstructed from sequential 0878 KASSEL, P.C., FAWCETT, J.A., sampling of standing and fallen seed MYERS, G.E., and NELSON, J.E,, 1982. in a conventionally managed seed crop Herbicides ior switchgrass of Panicum maximum. Emerged head establishment.Page 99 In Proceedings, densities tended to increase North Central Weed Control linearly with time, rate and Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, USA: duration of emergence varying greatly North Central Weed Control between crops, Spikelet numbers per Conference, Inc. emerging head also varied between crops, but little within them Reports use of atrazine and

203 cyanazine for Setaria control in November, previously unclipped forage Panicum virgatum. contained 4.3% CP and 0.12% P, while that clipped twice contained 5.5% CP 0879 KERRIDGE, P.C., and RATCLIFF, and 0.15% P. Maximum production was D. 1982. Comparative growth of four obtained with 116.5 cm of water use tropical pasture legumes and guinea but maximum water use efficiency was grass with different phosphorus obtained with about 85.5 cm of water sources.Tropical Grasslands 16(1): use. The switchgrasses are adapted 33-40. 15 ref. for use both without irrigation and when varying amounts of irrigation A pot culture study was made of the water are available. G-300 yielded comparative response of Centrosema more and produced earlier and later pubescens (Centro), Desmodium than the other two strains thus it heterophyllum (hetro), Pueraria may be the best choice for use for phaseoloides (puero), Stylosanthes range improvement or for irrigated guinanensis (stylo) and Panicum pastures. maximum (guinea grass) to superphosphate and Christmas Island 0881 KUMAR, A., and ABROL, I.P. "A" grade and calcined "C" grade rock 1982. Relative performance of some phosphate dusts on a highly acid forage grasses in relation to soil pH soil. Hetero, pureo, stylo and and sodicity.Forage Research 8(2): guinea grass had the same 127-131. 11 ref. requirements for phosphorus and their utilization of rockphosphate, In a green house experiment relative to superphosphate, was conducted during 1979 and 1980, the similar. Guinea grass utilized the effect of increasing soil sodicity on "C" grade as effectively es the "A" the performance of Panicum grade rockphosphate. Plant analysis laevifolium, blue panic (Panicum for phosphorus and nitrogen confirmed antidotale) guinea grass (Panicum the differences in response between maximum), coastal bermuda and klein sources were due to the supply of grass (Panicum coloratum) was phosphorus. studied. During 1979, the yield of grasses, on an average, was not 0880 KOSHI, P.T., STUBBENDIECK, J., affected upto pH 9.0. Guinea grass ECK, H.V., and MC CULLY, W.G. 1982. registered the highest green matter Switchgrass: forage yield, forage yield during both the years Klein quality and water-use grass produced the lowest green yield efficiency.Journal of Range during 1979. During 1979, Panicum Management 35(5): 623-627. 14 ref. laevifolium and blue panic showed 79.2 and 67.2% yield reductions, Three strains of 9witchgrass respectively at pH 10.2 while coastal (Panicum virgatum) under 3 water and bermuda and guinea grass showed 35.0 3 harvest regimes were evaluated, and 46.7% yield reductions, Dry matter yields, under natural respectively. The relative tolerance rainfall and full irrigation, of the grasses to high sodicity and averaged 2.0 and 6.7 tons/ha, pH was of the order of coastal respectively. Productivity of the 3 bermuda>guinea grass>blue panic=klein strains ranked G grass = Panicum laevifolium. Guinea 300>HV-341>Blackwell. Yields of grass also gave the highest dry HV-341 and Blackwell were similar matter yield. under 1, 2, or 3 harvests per year but those of G-300 were reduced by 2 0882 KUMAR, A., ABROL, I.P., and or 3 harvests. Switchgrass forage DARGAN, K.S. 1982. Performance of contained about 10.8% crude protein five perennial forage grass-species (CP) and 0.23% P in late June. In as influenced by gypsum levels in a

204 highly sodic soil.Page 177 In 2,4-D. In callus cultures derived Managing soil resources to meet the from immature embryos and young challenges to mankind: Twelfth inflorescence segments, plantlets International Congress of Soil were produced via somatic Science, 8-16 February 1982, New embryogenesis after 3-5 weeks. Young Delhi, India, v.6. New Delhi, India: plants were successfully transplanted Indian Society of Soil Science. to pots and grown in the greenhouse. (Abstract). Plant development in callus obtained from mature embryos took place A field study was conducted to through the organization of shout evaluate the performance of 5 meristems. Regenerated plants were grasses, rhodes grass, blue panic shown to have the normal tetraploid (Panicum antidotale), Panicum chromosome number of 2n = 4x = 32. laevifolium, karnal grass and coastal bermuda in a highly sodic soil. The 0884 MACHADO, H., and MUNOZ, D. soil of the experimental field 1982. Investigation of guinea grass had high exchangeable sodium varieties for the Triangulo 1 stock percentage (94 in 0-15 cm) and high farm in Camaguey.(Es). Ciencia y pH (10.6 in 0-15 cm) throughout the Tecnica en la Agricultura Serie profile. Three levels of gypsum 0, Pastos y Forrajes 5(3): 297-311. 11 5.2 and 10.4 t/ha were appfied to ref. (Summary:En). each of the grass. Two years yield data showed no reduction in the yield In a two-year trial of 12 varieties of karnal grass and rhodes grass in of Panicum maximum, there were no the control plots (no gypsum) significant differences between compared to their yields in normal varieties in first-year yield but in soil, although the two panicunms the second year Likoni, Makueni, yielded only 15 to 20 per cent in Pubescente Mediano and Gigante Azul control plots as compared to their outyielded the rest and were notably yields in normal soils. Soil aggressive and persistent. improvement as shown by change in ESP and infiltration rate following 0885 MACKENZIE, J., MAYER, R., and growth of grass was maximum in karnal BISSET, W.J. 1982. Productivity of grass and coastal bermuda grass five subtropical grasses on a black plots. The results show that te earth of the eastern darling downs of relative tolerance of grasses was in Queensland.Tropical Grasslands 16(4): the order karnal grass>rhodes 170-180. 9 ref. grass>coastal bermuda > blue panic > Panicum laevifolium. Four subtropical perennial grass species including Panicum coloratum 0883 LU, C.L., and VASIL, I.K. and a perennial forage sorghum were 1982. Somatic embryogenesis and plant compared for dry matter production regeneration in tissue cultures of and herbage nitrogen concentration at Panicum maximum Jacq.American Journal three levels of nitrogen fertilizer of Botany 69(1): 77-81. 23 ref. in a cutting trial on a cracking clay soil of the eastern Darling Downs. Callus tissue cultures were initiated from immature embryos, 0886 MC MURPHY, W.E., and WOJICK, mature embryos and young T.S. 1982. Native grasses: potential inflorescences of guinea grass for fertility and management on yield (Panicum maximum) on Murashige and and quality improvement.Agronomy Skoog's medium supplemented with Abstracts. p.151. 2.5-10 mg/l of 2,4-D. Calluses were transferred onto the same nutrient Compares Panicum virgatum with medium with 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D or without three other prairie grasses in the

205 USA for yield response to N more than 6 at each cutting on the fertilizers, plots both of 60 and 90 kg. 0887 MIDDLETON, C.H., and MELLOR, 0889 MIYAGI, E. 1982. Studies on the W. 1982. Grazing assessment of the productivity and feeding value of tropical legume Calopogonium tropical grasses. II. The effect of caeruleum.Tropical Grasslands 16(4): nitrogen fertilizer on the nutritive 213-216. 9 ref. value of green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichogtume).(Ja). Calopgonium Science caeruleum grown with Bulletin of the College of common guinea grass (Panicum Agriculture, University of the maximum), was evaluated under Ryukyus, Okinawa (Japan). 29: continuous grazing at ca 2.5 199-207. 18 ref. (Summary:En). beasts/ha over three years at Utchee Creek in the wet tropics of The content of crude protein Queensland. C. caeruleum was rarely increased significantly in accordance eaten and by the third year the with the amounts of nitrogen applied, guinea grass was selectively grazed but the nitrogen free extract and out and C. caeruleum dominated the crude fiber contents of the leaves pasture. The average daily and stems with sheath decreased. liveweight gain declined from ca 0.5 There were significant difference in kg/beast in the first two years to the crude fat contents of the leaves less than 0.2 kg/beast in the third but no significant difference in year. those of the stems with sheath among nitrogen treatments. The crude ash 0888 MIYAGI, E. 1982. Studies on the contents of the leaves and stems with productivity and feeding value of sheath were not affected tropical grasses. I. The effect of significantly by nitrogen treatment. nitrogen fertilizer on yields of Nitrogen applications induced a green panic (Panicum maximum var. significant decrease in trichogtume).(Ja). Science Bulletin digestibility, cellulose, lignin and of the College of Agriculture, silica contents of the leaves but an University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa increase in the hemicellulose (Japan) 29: 193-198. 11 ref. contents. The dry matter (Summary:En). digestibility (DMD) of both the leaves and stems with sheath Increase in the yield with increased as the applied nitrogen increasing rate of nitrogen up to 60 increased. kg in either year was observed. Little difference was observed 0890 NAVARRO, G., and MC KERSIE, between the two levels of nitrogen, B.D. 1982. Growth and development of 60 and 90 kg. Fresh and dry yield of common guinea grass under centrolled the grass receiving more than 60 kg environment.Canadian Journal of Plant nitrogen per year were more than 22.5 Science 62: 257-258. (Abstract). and 4.3 tons respectively. The application of different rates of Panicum maximum was studied in (1) nitrogen improved the number of a growth room with a daylength of 16 tillers and heading tillers and the h, day/night temperatures 25/15 deg weight per tiller. The grass length C, and a light intensity of 300 micro and the number of leaves per tiller E per sec sq m and (2) a growth increased at a rise in nitrogen while cabinet at the same daylength and the leaf weight ratio decreased day/night temperatures, but with a against the amount of nitrogen. With light intensity of 175 micro E per increasing rate of nitrogen the leaf sec sq m. Crop growth rate (CGR) was erea index increased. The value was lower at the higher light intensity.

206 At the lower light intensity the post-illumination C02 burst (PB) and plantshad a 10% larger leaf area activity of three C4-acid index, a 25% larger specific leaf decarboxylating enzymes were area and a 43% lower leaf/stem ratio. investigated with the leaves of five In addition, plant height, leaf species of the genus Panicum. All length, and leaf width were species had mestome sheaths, significantly greater at the lower exhibited the sharp pattern of PIB in light intensity. Tillering was less than 30 sec of darkness and were slightly depressed under low light, classified as NAD-malic enzyme but individual tiller weight species biochemically. P. coloratum, increased 5%. Senescence of fully P. 1lnipes and P. stapfianum had expanded leaves was more rapid in the centripetal chloroplasts, whereas P. low light intensity environment. laevifolium and P. longijubatum had Quality measurements indicated that centrifugal chloroplasts. In P. leaf material harvested from the low coloratum, strain PI 364948 and light intensity environment had strain 73-294 had centripetal higher protein, cellulose and lignin chloroplasts, whereas c. kabulabula and lower in vitro digestibility than and cultivar Solai had centrifugal that from the high light environment. chloroplasts. The results indicate that the Dichotomiflora group had the 0891 OBI, M.E. 1982. Runoff and soil two leaf anatomical variations of loss from an oxisol in southeastern NAD-m-.lic enzyme species. The Nigeria under various management ultrastructural features of leaves of practices.Agricultural Water Panicum dichotomiflorum, were also Management 5(3): 193-203. 17 ref. investigated. Chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells (BSC) had well-developed Investigations were carried out grana, and numerous large under six management practices viz. mitochondria with extensively (1) bare fallow, (2) maize on flat developed internal membrane structure cultivated soil, mulched across the were restricted to the area between slope, (3) maize, unmulched, (4) the chloroplasts and the vacuole in sweet potatoes, (5) legume, (6) BSC. Panicum maximum. The infiltration rates ranged from 235 mm/h to 947 0893 OKADA, T. 1982. Studies on mm/h. Annual runoff and soil loss of establishing a standard for up to 204 mm and 55 t/ha, cultivation of green panic (Panicum respectively, were recorded in the maximum var. trichoglume Eyles) for bare fallow plots, whereas in the green fodder. VI. Seedling growth mulched maize plots the values were immediately after germination.(Ja). as low as 12 mm and 0.9 t/ha, Bulletin of-the National Grassland respectively. No runoff or soil loss Research Institute 22: 52-68. 20 was recorded in legume, Panicum ref. (Summary:En). maximum and sweet potatoes plots. Surface crusting was noted to be the Results revealed that Panicum major cause of the runoff and soil maximum germinated earlier elongated loss. faster than those germinated later. Average shoot length of seedlings 0892 OHSUGI, R., MURATA, T., and from heavy weight seeds was almost CHONAN, N. 1982. C4 syndrome of the the same as that from light seeds. species in the Dichotomiflora group Shoots elongated faster and longer at of the genus Panicum 28 deg C or 25 deg C, while seminal (Gramineae).Botanical Magazine roots elongated longer at 20 deg C. (Japan) 95(1040): 339-347. 20 ref. Seedling growth was found inhibited in the solution of about 1 me/l Leaf anatomy, pattern of annonium nitrogen. Root elongation

207 was inhibited more severely than temperature of 35 deg C showed higher shoot. Potassium improved markedly emergence percentage and faster shoot elongation in solution upto 50 emergence. Seed treatment, soaking me/i. Magnesium inhibited severely seeds of 1.5 months after harvest in seminal root elongation. Application running water for 96 hours and then of large amount of phosphate and some drying, fastened emergence. amount of potassium improved Emergence percentage of heavy seeds considerably seedling growth. The was higher than that of light seeds, best seedling growth was obtained and light seeds were affected more when soil moisture was about field severely by low moisture. Emergence capacit., with specific conductivity percentage was lower at high of the soil solution 6-10 mmho/cm. temperature (25 deg C) than at low temperature (20 deg C) in soils with 0894 OKADA, T. 1982. Studies on low moisture. green panic seed. VII. Relation between time of heating at 0896 OKADA, T. 1982. Studies on temperature of 30 deg C and green panic seed. VI. Effects of seed improvement of germination.(Ja). treatments on inhibition of Journal of Japanese Society of germination in solutions with Grassland Science 28(3): 279-283. 7 different concentrations of potassium ref. (Summary:En). chloride.(Ja). Journal of Japanese Society of Grassland Science 27(4): Results of the studies indicate 347-351. 7 ref. (Summary:En). that heating of seeds, one month after seed harvest adversely affected Panicum maximum seeds soaked in germination. Treatment during 2-9 running water, stored at temperature months after seed harvest was more of 35 deg C, and differing in harvest effective. Gibberllin treatment date and volume weight were examined together with heating treatments for their germination ability on increased germination by 20-30%, 9 filter paper moistened with water, months after seed harvest and by KCI 0.03M and KCl 0.06M solutions. 80-90% after 20 months of seed Seeds stored at 35 deg C for 1.5 harvest, months after harvest to 8 months after harvest obtained the highest 0895 OKADA, T. 1982. Studies on germination percentage in each green panic seed. V. Effects of seed solution. Improvement in germination treatments on emerging ability in ability of seeds in KCI 0.06M soils with different moibture.(Ja). solution at 35 deg C was considerable. Journal of Japanese Society of Grassland Science 27(4): 341-346. 15 0897 OSMAN, A.E., and ABU DIEK, ref. (Summary:En). A.A. 1982. Effects of defoliation on yield Fnd forage quality of some Panicum maximum seeds treated with tropical grasses, legumes and their soaking in running water, stored at mixtur,s.Experimental Agriculture 18: temperature of 35 deg C and differing 157-166. 16 ref. in harvest date and volume weight were examined for their emerging The performance of three tropical ability in soils with constant soil grasses and three legumes (buffel moisture of 70%, 55%, 40% and varying grass, rhodes grass, green panic, soil moisture of 35-60% respectively, butterfly pea, phillipesara and Emergence percentage was low in alfalfa), grown in pure stand and in seeds 7 months after harvest and legume-grass mixtures, was evaluated increased in seeds a year after over two seasons when cut monthly at harvest in soils with 70% and 55% 0, 7 or 14 cm high. Harvesting at 7 moisture. Seeds stored at cm favoured total dry matter and

208 crude protein production in all 0899 PIKE, C.S. 1982. Membrane lipid cases, with highest yields from physical properties in annuals grown butterfly pea grown alone. Buffel under contrasting thermU! grass was the best dry matter regimes.Plant Physiology 70: producer among grasses in pure stand, 1764-1766. 17 ref. while rhodes grass-butterfly pea mixture was the best legume-grass Trans-parinaric acid was used to mixture. Forage of these low-protein determine the order/disorder tropical grasses could be transition temperatures of significantly improved by growing phospholipids extracted from leaves them in mixture with legumes. of warm-and cool-season annuals including four species of panicum 0898 PADILLA, C., SARROCA, J., (Panicum miliaceum, Panicum maximum, FEBLES, G., and GOMIEZ, J. 1982. The Panicum bisculatum, Panicum effect of the time for seed spreading milioides) grown under contrasting and fire on the establishment of thermal regimes. All species were common guinea grass (Panicum maximum capable of adjusting this property, Jacq.) in marginal areas.Cuban although there was considerable Journal of Agricultural Science variation in the extent of the 16(2): 211-218. 18 ref. adjustment. (Summary:Ru). 0900 PRECHEUR, R.J. 1982. In a random block design with 4 Post-emergent weed control (Panicum replicates, the spreading time of dichotomiflorum) in guinea grass (Panicum maximum) seeds onions.Proceedings Northeastern Weed in respect to burning for achieving Science Society 36: 117-123. its establishment in a marginal area was studied. The time for seed 0901 PUENTE, J.N., and GUZMAN, R.B. spreading was: a) in February, two 1982. Control of graminaceous weed3 months prior to burning; b) in March, (Panicum maximum) in gauva one month prior to burning; c) seed plantations with dalapon and asulam spreading in April immediately after on clay soils.(Es). Agrotecnica burning and e) control (burning (Cuba) 14(1): 43-50. 3 ref. without seed spreading). There was (Summary:En). a larger population in the treatments when seeds were scattered 0902 QUENCEZ, P., and DUFOUR, F. two months before burning or 1982. Chemical control of weeds immediately afterwards, although (Panicum maximum) in the palm grove. these did not differ significantly. Il. Commonly used active herbicide However, the highest yield was ingredients in palm growing and achieved in the treatment where seeds treatment techniques.(En, Es, Fr). were broadcasted two months before Oleagineux 37(3): 107-113. burning differing significantly (P<0.05) from the remaiuing 0903 QUENCEZ, P., and DUFOUR, F. treatments. On the other hand, the 1982. Chemical control of weeds lowest yield was obtained when (Panicum maximum) in the palm grove. burning took place immediately after III. Preparation of solutions, seed spreading. Soil N, K and OM organisation of work sites and contents were not affected by fire, application of treatment.(En, Es, but P, Ca, Mg and pH contents were Fr). Oleagineux 37(4): 169-175. increased (P<0.05). It is recommended that the seed spreading 0904 READ, J.C. 1982. Response of of guinea grass should take place two kleingrass, switchgrass and plains months prior to burning. bluestem to nitrogen fertility.Agronomy Abstracts. p. 127.

209 grasses. Kleingrass-75 (Panicum coloratum), plains bluestem and alamo switchgrass 0907 SAVIDAN, Y. 1982. Nature and (Panicum virgatum) were fertilized heridity of apomixis in Panicum with variable nitrogen rates and two maximum.(Fr). Travaux et Documents N sources for two years. The de 1' ORSfOM,no. 153. 159 pp. fertility treatments were no N, 45 kg N/ha at green up and 34 .g N/ha after Studies were made on the biology of each harvest using ammonium nitrate Panicum maximum, the heredity of and urea and 90 kg N/ha at green up apomixis in higher plants, methods of and 68 kg N/ha after each harvest, hybridization and repioduction in P. There were two harvests in 1980 and maximum, the nature of apomixis in P. three harvests in 1981. The average maximum, and the use of apomixis in dry matter production for the three plant breeding. grasses was 2.0, 3.7 and 4.7 Mg/ha in 1980 and 4.7 Mg/ha in 1980 and 4.7, 0908 SAVIDAN, Y.H. 1982. 11.9 and 15.1 Mg/ha in 1981 for the Embryological analysis of facultative low, medium and high fertility apoiixis in Panicum maximum Jacq.Crop levels, respectively. The percent Science 22(3): 467-469. 17 ref. protein was highly significantly different (.01) for species, level of Eighty apomictic accessions of fertility and date of harvest and was Panicum maximum collected mainly in only significantly different (0.5) East Africa, and 80 apomictic hybrids for source of N. from sexual x apomictic crosses, were studied to determine to what extent 0905 RENVOIZE, S.A. 1982. A new sexuality in facultative apomixis can genus and several new species of be modified following hybridization. grasses from Bahia (Brazil).Kew Apomictic accessions with a high Bulletin 37(2): 323-333. percentage sexual reproduction were observed among biotypes from South A new genus, Plagiantha, one new Africa and the Antilles. Three of species of Chloris and seven new the hybrids also exhibited a high species of Panicum viz P. assurgens, percentage of sexuality, while almost P. belmonte, P. caatingense, P. all the oLhers appeared to be congestum, P. noterophilum, P. obligate or nearly obligate apomicts. stipiflorum, P. cumbucana, are The average percentage sexual described from Bahia (Brazil). reproduction, observed in apomictic hybrids was 5.6 compared to 8.1 in 0906 RILEY, R.D., and VOGEL, K.P. apomictic accessions. Thus 1982. Chromosome numbers of released hybridization did not increase cultivars of switchgrass, sexuality in apomictic of P. maximum. Indiangrass, big bluestem, and sand Embryological analyses appeared to bluestem.Crop Science 22(5): be especially efficient and a rapid 1082-1083. 10 ref. means for determining the mode of reproduction in P. maximum. Progeny Chromosome numbers of switchgrass tests were also equally reliable in (Panicum virgatum), indiangrass and this species. It was evident that the tall bluestem complex of big apomixis, although facultative, could bluestem were determined. Switchgrass be easily manipulated in Panicum cultivars 'Pathfinder', 'Blackwell', maximum. and 'Nebraska 28' were hexaploids (2n = 54), while 'Summer' and Kanlow" 0909 SCHULTZ, R.D. 1982. Net primary were tetraploids (2n = 36). Meiosis production and seasonal herbaceous was normal with bivalent pairing for dynamico following brush most plants examined from all three management.Ph.D. thesis, Texas A & 4

210 University, College Station, Texas, Inc. USA. 179 pp. Reports experiments 0912 STOUGAARD, B., and to determine 1982. KAPUSTA, G yields of Panicum Early preplant herbicidc coloratum in the applications Rolling for no-till corn weec plains of Texas in treated control.Page 31 In Proceedings, and untreated plots using 2,4,5-T Norri picloram. and Central Weed Control 1982. Conference, Indianapolis, USA: Nortb 0910 SHARP, Central W.C., VAN DER GRINTEN, Weed Control Conference Inc. M., DAYTON, R.S., and BELCHER, C.R. The 1982. Effect of use of cyanazine, atrazine, production location metolachlor on seed yield and alachlor and quality of four controlling in switchgrasses.Agronotny giant foxtail (Setaria Abstracts. p. faberi) 136. and fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) weeds in no till corn is reported. Panicum virgatum strains were selected from Northeast ecotypes with 0913 better forage TAYLOR, R.W., and ALLINSON, yield, quality and D.W. stand longevity 1982. Response of three and poor seedling warm-season vigor and seed grasses to varying yield compared to fertility Midwest cultivars. To determine levels on five if soils.Canadian Journal production location influenced of Plant these Science 62: factors, 2 northeast 657-665. 7 ref. and 2 midwest (Summary:Fr). ecotypes were and grown at 3 northeast 2 midwest locations. Seed quantity, quality A greenhouse study was conducted and seedling vigor examine to were measured from the growth and quality of big 2 years' harvest. bluestem, Those requiring indiangrass and Panicum the longest growing virgatum season in five acid, infertile produced the most pure live seed (PLS) soils as well as fertilizer-amended at the location with the shortest growing soils. The soils were fertilized season. The ecotype limestone with requiring the shortest (L), limestone plus growing season nitrogen produced the most PLS (LN), limestone, nitrogen at the location plus phosphorus with the longest growing (LNP), and limestone, season, nitrogen, phosphorus When considering all ecotypes, plus potassium the NY (LNPK). Fertilizer location produced the was applied at most PLS. In rates of field, greenhouse 45 kg/ha, 117 kg/ha and Ill and growth chamber kg/ha studies, 'Blackwell' of N,P,and K, respectively. consistently First germinated more harvest yields were greatest quickly and grew more for rapidly than the switchgrass and big bluestem, other ecotypes. indiangrass but While the results show produced significantly locations to greater yields have a significant effect than either of the on seed other grasses quantity, quality and in the second harvest. production, the In both greatest differences harvests, the yields of all exist between grasses ecotypes, irrespective were greatest under the LNP of their and production location, LNPK fertility regimes. Nitrogen, without P, did not significantly 0911 increase SOTERES, J.K. 1982. Fall yields above the control panicum treatment in the first harvest. control in continuous no-till Yield responses of P fertilization corn.Pages 46-47 In Proceedings, varied North with soils. Although P Central Weed Control appeared to Conference, 1982. be limiting factor insofar as Indianapolis, USA: was growth North Central Weed concerned, the yield response Control Conference from P fertilization would probably be limited without N fertilization.

211 0914 TAYLOR, R.W., and MECHE, G.A. Previous work demonstrated that at 1982. Response of caucasian bluestem, 14 days post emergence, Wilman switchgrass, (Panicum virgatum), lovegrass seedlings were indiangrass, and big bluestem to substantially larger than phosphorvs fertilization.Pages corresponding seedlings of kleingrass 410-414 In 74th Annual progress (Panicum coloratum), despite the report, Rice Experiment Station, fact that both species have similar Crowley, Louisiana, 1982. Crowley, seed masses. Dry seed of both 0.4 Louisiana, USA: Rice Experiment species contained approximately Station. mg starch. At 3 days post planting, percent starch remaining in the seed and 0915 TIMOTHY, D.H., BURNS, J.C., was 30 and 15 foi kleingrass MOCHRIE, R.D., RAWLINGS, J.O., and Wilman, respectively. Total seed TALBERT, L.E. 1982. Genetic mass of excised caryposes followed a variability and potential of similar trend. At 3 days post switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L) and emergence, less than 5% starch its relatives.Agronomy Abstracts. p. remained in caryopses of either 154. species, although Wilman shoot mass (9.2 mg) was 60% greater than that of From a broad-based collection, an kleingrass. Both species could index of dry weight x in vitro dry effectively reduce nitrate at this that matter disappearance (IVDMD) was used stage. The data suggested for selecting parents for a Wilman mobilized seed reserves more population of 33 half-sib families, rapidly than kleingrass, allowing In the population of half-sib faster shoot growth at emergence, families, estimates of genetic which led ultimately to higher shoot parameters were obtained 1Qr dry weight at 14 days post emergence. weight, IVDMD, and percent N. Dry weight and IVDMD were not correlated, 0917 USBERT], R. 1982. Accelerated while the correlation between dry aging test on Panicum maximum Jacq. de weight and percent N was highly seeds.(Pt). Revista Brasileira negative. Estimated genetic Sementes 4(1): 23-30. 10 ref. parameters were used to form several (Summary:En). selection indices involving dry weight, TVDMD and percent N. Accelerated aging tests were Predicted gains reflected the carried out on eighteen Panicum estimates of heritabilities and maximum submitted seed samples, for correlations. Selections among aiming at test standardization used maritime accessions of P. virgatum, the species. All seed samples and P. amarum were made for plant had presented statistically similar values. height, IVDMD, and morphology, initial germination 36 and Animal preference was determined by Acclerated aging for 12, 14, and 100 percent grazing and feeding trials. Limited 48 hours at 43 deg C were the grazing trials showed that average relative humidity daily gain on P. virgatum was better treatments used. Statistically than that from the tall different vigor data were recorded after the fescue-Coastal bermudagrass standard. among seed samples accelerated aging treatments used. treatment 0916 TISCHLER, C.R., and VOIGT, However, the 48 hour-period seeds, P.W. 1982. Depletion of seed reserves showed to be hazardous to the marked decrease in and early seedling growth in a high- causing a values. The 12 and a low-seedling vigor forage germination percentage treatments grass.Plant Physiology 69(4, suppl.): and 24 hour-period contrasting results. On 2. (Abstract). presented the other hand, the 36 hour-treatment

212 was able to detect vigor differences guinea £13093, £13092, and £1291* among seed samples quite effectively outyielded var. common and al and is recommended here to be used in buffell grasses. Panicum maximum. 0920 VILELA, H., NASCIMENTO JUNIOR 0918 VALVERDE S.,C., and BANDY, D. DO, TEIXEIRA FILHO, A.G., &LO D.E. 1982. Production of annual food M.T., and CARNEIRO, M. 1982. Effect crops in the Amazon.Pages 243-280 In of pasture with legumes and o Amazonia: agriculture and land use pasture with fertilizer nitrogen or research (ed. S.B. Hecht). Cali, live weight gain of steers.(Pt), Colombia: Centro Internacional de Arquivos da Escola de Veterinaria Ic Agricultura Tropical. 35 ref. Universidade Federal de Minas Geraig 34(1): 167-173. 9 ref. (Summary:En). Effects of forest clearing on yield of upland rice, maize, soyabeans, Reports trials to find weight gii cassava and guinea grass in Peru are in steers fed on guinea grass witi: outlined and adoptation of these legumes and guinea grass fertilized crops, groundnuts and cowpea by the with N. use of intercropping, relay or sequential systems is reviewed. 0921 WALLACE, L.L., MC NAUGH1TO1 S.J., and COUGHENOUR, M.B. 1982. Tltt 0919 VELEZ-SANTIAGO, J., effects of clipping and fertilization SOTOMAYOR-RIOS, A., TORRES-RIVERA, on nitrogen nutrition and allc~atio S., and MENDEZ-CRUZ, A.V. 1982. by mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizai Performance of six Cenchrus and four Panicum coloratum L., a .. panicum forage grasses under cutting grass.Oecologia 54(1): 68-71. 26 ref. management in the Lajasvalley, Puerto Rico.Journal of Agriculture of the Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal University of Puerto Rico 66(4): plants of Panicum coloratum were 268-277. 9 ref. (Summary:Es). grown in a factorial treatment design under two nitrogen levels and Common guinea grass and new two clipping heights with 21 accessions of panicum and cenchrus unclipped control. The nitrogen grasses were evaluated in a cutting concentration in different plant experiment in the semi-arid Lajas components was determined follving ' Valley over three periods: 126 days weeks of growth under experimental of cool weather and short days; 378 conditions. Mycorrhizal infection days; and nearly 2 years (672 days). increased green leaf and cheatb The grasses were fertilized with nitrogen concentration by a 3,360 kg/ha of a 15-15-10 fertilizer, relatively small, but significant divided in eight equal applications, percentage and had no effect oi The grasses were irrigated. The nitrogen allocation to the various; grasses were harvested every 42 days. plant components. Clipping increased In the 126-day period of short cool leaf nitrogen concentration but days, buffel 13084 and guinea 12917 inhibited growth to the extent that, were the highest dry forage yielders, when compared with the unclipped with 11,371 and 11,061 kg/ha, controls, less nitrogen remained in respectively. In the 378-day period, residual plant biomass. PlantE guinea £13093, £12917 and £13092 receiving the higher nitrogen produced statistically similar dry fertilization had higher tissue forage yields, which were higher than concentration of N and more N those of the other grasses. Among the allocated to above-ground living panicum grasses, guinea 13093 was the tissues. Mycorrhizal infection highest dry forage yielder (45,574 interacted with clipping height and kg.N-1). In the 672-day period, also with N availability

213 significantly. Influence of anatomy on digestibility.Pages 77-78 In Annual 0922 WILSON, J.R. 1982. Anatomical report, Conmonwealth Scientific and studies of Panicum species.Pages Industrial Research Organization, 76-77 In Annual report, Commonwealth Division of Tropical Crops and Scientific and Industrial Research Pastures 1981-82. Brisbane, Organization, Division of Tropical Australia: Commonwealth Scientific Crops and Pastures 1981-82. and Industrial Research Organization. Brisbane, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific snd Industrial Research Eighteen C4, seven C3 and three Organization. C3/C4 species of Panicum were grown during cumrier in pots in a Studies of this genus showed glasshouse. Transverse sections of unusual variations in the leaves were prepared by plastic photosynthetic pathway and associated embedding and the proportion of leaf anatomy exhibited by constituent tissue type such as mesophyll and species. There were C3, C4 and vascular, estimated using a intermediate C3/C4 Panicum species, computer-linked digitizer. Leaves all tropical in distribution and were also analysed for in vitro closely related taxonomically. digestibility and cell wall content. Results showed that the mean 0923 WILSON, J.R., and WONG, C.C. digestibility of C4 species was lower 1982. Effects of shade on some and cell wall content higher than factors influencing nutritive quality that of the C3 species. of green panic and siratro Digestibility was positively pestures.Australian Journal of correlated with the proportion of Agricultura] Research 33: 937-949. mesophyll tissue and negatively with 28 ref. the proportion of parenchyma bundle sheath. Within the C4 group, the The effect of illumination at 100, digestion of the parenchyma bundle 60 and 40% sunlight over 4 months on sheath differed considerably between herbage quality was studied in species. Macroptilium atropurpureum and Panicum maximum, grown in small field 0925 WINTER, K., HOLTUM, J.A.M., plots in pure and 50:50 mixture EDWARDS, G.E., and O-LEARY, M.H. swards defoliated every 4 (D4) or 8 1982. Effect of low relative humidity (D8) weeks. Laminae and stems of on delta 13 C value in two C3 defined ages were harvested grasses and in Panicum mili.oides, a periodically from the D8 treatment, C3-C4 intermediate species.Journal of and after 8 and 16 weeks the D4 and Experimental Botany 33(132): 88-91. D8 canopies were sampled in 10 cm 18 ref. starta for analysis of dry matter digestibility (DMD). Shading to 60 When grown under conditions of low and 40% decreased the DMD of the relative humidity, the C3-C4 grass and the mixed swards by up to intermdiate Panicum milioides, as 10-12% in the D8 treatment. The well as the C3 grasses Triticum shade effect on DMD :as smaller in aestivum and Poa pratense, exhibited the D4 treatment. Shading increased delta 13C values which were upto 2.72 leaf bulk density in the upper strata less negative than the delta 13C of the grass and mixed swards. The values of the corresponding plants effect on sward DMD and the lower DMD grown at high relative humidity. At of the green panic are explained, both humidity levels, there was no evidence of a substantial 0924 WILSON, J.R., BROWN, R.H., contribution of phosphoenolpyruvate AKIN, D.E., Rnd WINDHAM, W.R. 1982. carboxylase to carbon gain in Panicum

214 miljoides. Several specific plant-bacteria associations have been identified and both partners WRIGHT, S.F., and WFVER, R.W. interactions of 0926 Examples 1982. Inoculation of forage grasses indicate mutual benefits. Azotobacter with N2-fixing are the Paspalum notatum which is enterobacteriaceae.Plant and Soil 65: paspali association, of P. 415-419. 17 ref. specific for one ecotype notatum the associations of certain Inoculation experiments were wheat lines with Bacillus species conducted usiug 18 isolates of the association of wetland rice with of Klebsiella and Enterobacter to Achromobacter and that with determine if a N2-fixing association certain sea grasses could be established between the Campylobacter species and finally, bacteria and the grasses Cynodon the well-known Azospirillum dactylon and Panicum coloratum. associations. Two Azospirillum Plants were grown in soil for species differing in plant approximately 5 months in a green specificity, have been described. house and were measured periodically Plants with the C4 photosynthetic for dry matter, nitrogen accumulation pathway are predominantly infected by and acetylene reduction activity. A. lipoferum and the C3 cereals by A. Results of the investigation brasilense. In Israel and Brazil indicated that 25% of the plant-soil plant nitrogen yield increases in the systems were active in acetylene field due to inoculation indicate the the reduction. However, plant systems possibility that up to 40% of extrapolated to fix >8 kg N/ha plant nitrogen may come from contained less nitrogen and biological fixation. accumulated less dry matter than plants less active in acetylene 0928 BRISKE, D.D., and STUTH, J.W. reduction. Inocula could not be 1982. Tiller defoliation in a re-isolated from healthy grass roots moderate and heavy grazing indicating that the N2-fixing regime.Journal of Range Management activity may not have been closely 35(4): 511-514. 17 ref. associated with plant roots. An investigation defining the intensity and frequency of tiller defoliation in Paspalum plicatulum Paspalum Species was conducted with yearling steers in moderate and heavy grazing regime. Tiller height was reduced 50% within 0927 BODDEY, R.M., and DOBEREINER, 7 days in the heavy grazing regime. J. 1982. Association of Azospirillum The percentage of leaves defoliated 82 and other diazotrophs with tropical per tiller was 63, 78 and of gramineae.Pages 28-47 In Managing following 4, 7, and 11 days in soil resources to meet the challenges grazing, respectively. Tillers to mankird: Twelfth International the heavy grazing regime were 3 Congress of Soil Science, 8-16 uniformly regrazed at approximately February 1982, New Delhi, India. v. to 4 day intervals. A significant did not 2. New Delhi, India: Indian Society reduction in tiller height of Soil Science. 117 ref. occur in the moderate grazing regime until after 18 days of grazing and at Monoculture systems of rice, tiller height was reduced only 46% sugarcane and pastures are the most the end of the 33-day grazing trial. defoliated convincing examples of the utility of The percentage of leaves biological nitrogen fixation to the per tiller was 5, 9 and 26 following grazing, soil plant system in the tropics. 11, 21, and 33 days of

215 respectively. By the end of moderate Fl clones differing in reproductive grown for 3 years at Sr-zing trial 82% of the tillers were method were grazed aL leaot once, 31% at least Tifton, Ga and Blairsvillr, Ga. Seed twice and 10% at I t three times. matiir'ng from midsummer until after The nonuniform fL__.ency of tiller frost from both locations gave rise defoliation and wide range of tiller to progenies (uniform from apomicts heights at the end of the moderate and variable from sexuals), grazing trial resulted in an indicating that such environmental inefficient harvest of available variables during this period had no tillers. effect on the mode of reproduction in the clones studied. Variations in 0929 BURSON, B.L., and QUARIN, C.L. daylength from 10 to 16 hours failed 1982. Cytology of Paspalum virgatum to make the apomictic clone, T4, and its relationships with P. sexual. Neither severe drought nor intermedium and P. jurgensi.Canadian very low fertility caused apomictic Journal of Genetics and Cytology 24: bahiagrass clones to become sexual. 219-226. 14 ref. (Sunmiry:Fr). It appears, therefore, that environments generally experienced by A cytological study revealed that bahiagrass during seed production are Paspalum virgatum was sexual, not likely to cause a buperior meictically stable, and had 2n - 4x apomictic variety to deteriorate 40 chromosomes. Paspalum virgatum because it has become sexual. was crossed with P.intzrmedium and P. jurgensii both had 2n - 2x - 20 0931 BURTON, G.R. 1982. Improved chromosomes. Six P.intermedium x recurrent restricted phenotypic P.virgatum, 2n = 3x = 30, hybrids selection increases bahiagrass forage were studied cytologically. Meiosis yields.Crop Science 22(5): 1058-1061. was irregular with a mean chromosome 7 ref. pairing of 11.68 univalents, 9.09 bivalents, 0.03 trivalents, and 0.002 This paler describes the quadrivalents per cell at metaphase restriction that make improved 1. This indicates that the two recurrent restricted phenotypic species have a homologous genome with selection (RRPS) more efficient than some minute structural differences mass selection for increasing because some of the bivalents were Pensacola bahiagrass forage yields. not tightly synapsed. One hybrid, 2n Eight cycles of RRPS have given a space-plant = 3x = 30, was recovered from the consistent first-year P.jurgensii x P.virgatum cross, forage yield increase of 16.4% per Meioais was irregular with a mean cycle. Cycle 6, compared with pairing of 18.72 univalents, 5.70 commercial Pensacola bahiagrass as bivalents, and 0.05 trivalents. the control, yielded 91% more in the These findings suggest that spaced-plant-progress test and 84% P.jurgensii and P.virgatum have a more in a seeded small-plot test. partially homologous genome. Because Cycle 4 yielded 16% more liveweight P.intertedium and P.jurgensii have gain than the control in a 3-year the genome formulas II and JJ, replicated grazing trial which was respectively, the formula II J2J2 is expected based on forage yields from proposed for P. virgatum. a small plot clipping test. In a seeded test, cycle 6 yielded 2 x 3 0930 BURTON, G.7. 1982. Effect of two-thirds as much as Fl hybrid almost as much environment of apomixis in in the first year and dry bahiagrass.Crop Science 22(1): as the hybrid in the unusually vitro dry matter 109-111. 4 ref. second year. In digestibility of the forage was not of RRPS. Nine highly heterozygous tetraploid reduced by six cycles

216 one cycle per Imprcv'd RRPS allows PASTURES 0935 COMMONWEALTH BUREAU OF is four times more efficient year and AND FIELD CROPS. 1982. Paspalum than ordinary mass selection in conjugatum.Hurley, Maidenhead, UK: increasing bahiagrass yields. Commonwealth Bureau of Pastures and Field Crops. 13 pp. 41 ref. 0932 CABALA-ROSAND, P., and WILD, (Annotated Bibliography, G467A). A. 1982. Direct use of low grade as phosphate rock from Brazil 0936 ELKINS, C.B., and COOPER, A.E. fertilizer. II. Effects of 1982. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum mycorrhizal inoculation and nitrogen Flugge) root characteristics source.Plant and Soil 65: 363-373. affecting root growth in compacted 11 ref. soil.Agronomy Abstracts. p. 119. The response of plant dry matter to The objectives of this study were addition of a low grade Brazilian to identify root characteristics (Patos) phosphate rock was increased favoring penetration of compacted by mycorrhizal inoculation (strain soils, and to determine if variation E3) of Stylosanthes guianensis and in the characteristics warranted a Desmodium intortum, but less so by program of improvement through inoculation of Cenchrus ciliaris and selection and breeding. Greenhouse Paspalum plicatulum. The effect was experiments were conducted to related partly to the extent of root characterize root system of 13 lines development. In the presence of a of a bahiagrass breeding program. nitrification inhibitor the Plants were grown in soil in utilisation of Patos rock phosphate transparent acrylic cylinders for by Paspalum was higher with NH4+ -N observation and measurement of root than with N03-N. This effect was development. Roots were washed free attributed to acidification which in of soil for measurement of nodal root turn was related to the organic anion number, diameter, length, and dry content of the plants. The results weight. Wide variation was found. indicate the potential for improving Limited field testing indicated that the utilization of the low grade large diameter, large number, and phosphate rock on an acid oxisol by long length of nodal roots were mycorrhizal incoulation of herbage positively associated with the legumes and by soil acidification ability of bahiagrass roots to when growing grasses. penetrate compacted soil. B-eeding for specific characteristics should 0933 CHIKURA, S., OKUMA, M., YANO, enhance root system performance. M., and NAKAMURA, M. 1982. Ecology and conorol of subspecies of Paspalum 0937 EVERS, G.W. 1982. Clover vs distichum L. Chikugo - suzumenohie nitrogen on pensacola bahiagrass in creeks in the paddy area on the (Paspalum notatum Flugge).Agronomy lower reaches of the Chikugo river in Abstracts. pp. 119-120. Kyushu. 1. Distribution in relation to environmental conditions of An established 'Pensacola' creeks.(Ja). Weed Research (Japan) bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) sod was 27(4): 283-287. 7 ref. (Summary:En). overseeded with 'Yuchi' arrowleaf or 'Mt. Barker' subterranean clovers or 0934 CICARDINI, E.E., and were fertilized with 0, 84, 168, 252 IRAZOUQU1, J.M. 1982. Growth and or 336 kg N/ha. Nitrogen rates were forage quality curves in eight split in three equal applications and ecotypes of Paspalum dilatatum.(Es). applied about April 1, June 1, and Thesis, Universidad Nacional de Mar August 1. In 1979 there was a del Plata, Argentina. 125 pp. 55 significant increase in forage ref.

217 yield ot IU,4UU kg/ha. Due to low wei'nt (TDW), top 1Nand plant N. AR rainfall in 1980, there was no was inconsistant with inoc,,lation and significant yield increase above 168 ranged from 30 to 4420 nmol/(cylinder kg N with a maximum yield of 6300 h). An overall significant response kg/ha. Fifty to 75% of the total (P-0.09) to inoculation was observed forage production occurred by early for 15N dilution. Inoculated and June. By early April when bahiagrass control plant-soil systems (PSS) resumed growth, Yuchi arrowleaf had accumulated 0.096 and 0.092 g N, produced 500 to 1000 kg/ha and mt. respectively, of which 81% was in the Barker subterranean clover produced soil and 76% of this portion was about 2000 kg/a. Total forage organic. Recovery of 15N fertilizer production of the clover bahiagrass for PSS and plant was 57% and 40%, mixtures were equal to bahiagrass respectively. receiving 168 to 255 kg N/ha. The Mt. Barker-bahiagrass mixture 0940 HENDERSON, M.S., and ROBINSON, produced the most protein (1250 D.L. 1982. Environmental influences kg/ha), followed by the on fiber component concentrations cf Yuchi-bahiagrass mixture and then the warm-season perennial N fertilizer rates in descending grasses.Agronomy Journal 74(3): order. 573-579. 21 ref.

0938 FOSTER, R.C. 1982. The fine Coastal and common bermudagrass, structure of epidermal cell mucilages Paspalum notatum, and Paspalum of roots.New Phytologist 91: 727-740. dilatatum were grown in an artificial 46 ref. medium under 4 day/night temperatures, 4 photon Transmission flux densities electron microscope and two soil moisture levels. studies of epidermal cell mucilages Grasses were harvested at 14 and 21 of roots of various species including days and analyzed for that of Paspalum show that the nature neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), of mucilage and the boundaries acid-detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose between the cell wall and the soil (CEL), hemicellulose (HEM), depend on the age of epidermal cells permanganate lignin (LIG), and silica concerned and the degree of bacterial (SIL) concentrations. Concentration lysis experienced, of NDF increased in the Cynodon species and decreased 0939 in the Paspalum GREEN, R.L., SMITH, R.L., species as temperature (T) increased. LITTELL, R.C., and SCHANK, S.C. In all grasses, predicted .1982. Evaluation of N2-fixation in concentration of ADF, CEL, LIG, and bahiagrass by 15N-isotope dilution SIL increased with increasing T at and other techniques.Agronomy both soil moisture levels, while HEM Abstracts. p. 142. concentrations decreased. In all grasses, L effects consistently The potential for N2-fixation in 21 influenced ADF, LIG, and SIL genotypes of bahiagrass, Paspalum concentrations at both soil moisture notatum was investigated in a levels and CEL concentrations at the greenhouse study. Nitrogen fixation low moisture level. Concentrations and the response due to inoculation of ADF, CEL, and SIL decreased with a mixture of seven diazotrophs slightly, while LIG concentrations was estimated by several increased with increasing L. techniques: yield, acetylene reduction (AR) nitrogen accumulation 0941 HENDERSON, M.S., and ROBINSON, and dilution of 15N. An overall D.L. 1982. Environmental influences significant response (P-0.01) to on yield and in vitro true

218 digestibility of warm-season practices on mite populations in a perennial grasses and the citrus grove.Proceedings of relationships the to fiber Florida State Horticultural Society components.Agronomy Journal 74(6): 95: 47-50. 5 ref. 943-946. 14 ref. Paspalum notatum Coastal and was one of the common bermudagrass, weed species present within the Pensacola bahiagress (Paspalum citrus grove in central Floridc notatum), and bahiagrass (P. (USA). This grove was used to study dilatatum) were grown in an the effects of different irrigation artificial growth medium at 4 and weed management practices on mite day/night temperatures (T) four populations. photon flux densities (L) and two soil moisture levels in growth 0944 LEIBHOLZ, J., and KELLAWAY, cabinets. The study clearly showed R.C. 1982. Effects of energy that dry matter yield (DMY) of all supplements on the intake and grasses increased with increasing T utilization of low quality roughages and L. The imposed moisture stress (Paspalum dilatatum)Proceedings sharply of reduced DMY of dallisgrass the Australian Society of Animal but not of the other grasses. In all Production 14: 65-67. grasses in vitro true digestibility (IVD) consistently decreased as T 0945 LEONARD, M.K., and YOUNGNER, increased, resulting in maximum IVD V.B. 1982. Salt tolerance of the at the lowest T. The effect of L on urfgrass Paspalum Naginatum Swartz IVD ranged from positive to negative, var. Adalayd.Agronomy Abstract. p. depending on the grass and T. 103. Maximum IVD values occurred at the high soil moisture (HM) level after Paspalum vaginatum cultivar (known 14 days regrowth. At the HM level as adalaydgrass) was studied to maximum IVD .-f Coastal bermudegrass examine itG limits and mechanisms of common bermudagrass, and Pensacola salinity tolerance. Plants grown in bahiagrass respectively was 5.7, 4.9 solution culture were exposed to and 3.6 percentage units higher after osmotic pressures of .04, .34, .65, 14 than after 21 days regrowth. The .95, and 1.25 MPa, produced by paspalum species averaged about 7% addition of isoequivalent amounts of units higher in IVD than the Cynodon NaCl and CaCl2. Clipping dry weights species. decreased only 35% at the highest salt level, indicating 0942 excellent HILL, G.M., HARPEL, R.A., tolerance. Tissue analysis indicates HALLMARK, W.B., CORMIER, R.J., and that increasing Na+ concentration in DAVIS, J.H. 1982. Alicia, dallisgrass solution is not antagonistic to K+ compared for summer grazing.Louisiana uptake, but it may be antagonistic to Agriculture 25(4): 10-12. Mg++ uptake. Na+ and Cl concentration increase Reports 2 in all tissue a -year study that showed as salts increase. Increased plant no gain in weight by cows during the succulence and salt glands, possible first year, but increase in weight by mechanisms for regulation of internal 64 and 44 lbs for cattle fed on ion concentrations, were not evident. Alicia and Paspalum dilatatum Adalaygrass shows great promise for respectively, use on salt-affected soils or with low quality irrigation water. 0943 KNAPP, J.L., FASULO, T.R., TUCKER, D.P.H., and PARSONS, L.R. 0946 LEWIS, W.F. 1982. Relating 1982. The effects of different irrigation, soils and fertilizer to irrigation and weed management turf-grass growing problems.Agronomy

219 1.5% decrease in CP during Abstracts. p.8. additional the second four week period. decreased an average of An experiment was conducted to Digestibility five, two and eight percentage evaluate physical quality difference nine, one, two, four, and eight weeks with the usage of soil water and units after a freeze. However, significant fertilization in turf grass growing. among entries did exist Twenty-eight turf plots were used, differences both variables, with the UF 5 with three warm season grasses for e -r5 decreasing the least (Cynodon dactylon tifgreen bermuda; stargrass digestibility eight weeks after a Paspalum notatum pensacola bahia in freeze. flugge; Stenotaphrum secundatum St Five soils (Loamy sand, Augustine). W.G., BURTON, G.W., loam, loam, silty clay loam and 0948 MONSON, sandy and MC CORMICK, W.C. soil ph ranged from UTLEY, P.R., peat). The of improved and the rainfall was 24 1982. Evaluation 5.2-6.9 bahiagrass (Paspalum inches for the 180 day test. The pensacola var saurae Parodi).Agronomy fertilizer was 1-1-1 and was applied notatum p.152 . weekly with application from one half Abstracts. pound to 4 pounds of N per week on dry matter yields of pensacola each 1,000 square feet. Test plots The have been consistently were rated from 1-10. While the bahiagrass through repeated cycles of bahia grass did well with only increased restricted phenotypic rainfall, St. Augustine and bermuda recurrent and the production of F1 needed to be supplemented with selection Evaluation of forage in irrigation. Fertilization has hybrids. digestibility for individual generally resulted in wore stable vit.o and small plots has shown that visual rating and clipping weight for plants increases have been achieved each plot proves that fertilized had yield maintaining or improving better root system and weight as while An improved pensacola applied, quality. bahiagrass when compared to pensacola 18% more dry matter and when 0947 NISLEVY, P. 1982. Changes in yielded gave 16 and 12% increases in forage quality of tropical grasses grazed daily gain and liveweight with time following a freeze.Agronomy average respectively. Current tests Abstracts. p.151. gain/ha, indicate further progress has been in the improvement of pensacola The purpose of this experiment was made to monitor forage quality of 12 bahiagrass. entries and one Paspalu' Cynodon FELER, Z., and one, two, four ,i (1949 OREN, Y., prior to a freeze, control with a freeze. Re,:- RUBIN, D. 1982. Weed eight weeks after dosages and that all Cynodon en, il various glyphosate indicate volumes in citrus be more sensiti-. o reduced spray appear to 10(4): 273. freezing temperatures than the orchards.Phytoparasitica Paspalum entry. However the Cynodons (Abstract). produce much more forage up to the control of annual winter weeds point of freezing temperatures than The perennial weeds (Cynodon and the Paspalum entry. However the and Paspalum dilatatum) using reduced Cynodons produce much more forage up spray volumes was tested in four to the point of freezing temperatures trials. For this purpose, various than the Paspalum. Generally, all nozzle types were compared. The entries except the Paspalum decreased results showed that conic nozzles about four percentage units in crude were prefereble to fan nozzles, protein (CP) over the four week the weed an giving better coverage of period following the freeze and

220 foliage and enabling control of in diploid and tetraploid annual winter weeds at rates Paspalum of 360 species: embryo sac development, grams glyphosate in a spray volume of chromosome behaviour, and 100 lIha. Paspalum dilatatum fertility was in P. cromyorrhizon, P. laxum, controlled efficiently using and P. a Micron proliferum.Journal of Heredity Herbi sprayer or X 73: 3 nozzles. Lower 254-256. 11 ref. rates of glyphosate did not give satisfactory results. Microsporogenesis, reproductive 0950 PALM, behaviour, pollen fertility, and seed N.R., and NABINGER, C. set were 1982. studied in P.laxmum (2n = Comparison between two forms of 60), Paspalum P.proliferum (2n = 40), and guenoarum Arech.(Pt). 20-and 4 Agronomia 0-chromosome accessions of Sulriograndense 18(2): P.cromyorrhizon. 103-114. (Summary:En). Meiotic chromosome behaviour suggests that P. laxum is an allohexaploid Reports field trials species and P. to compare dry proliferum an matter yields, autotetraploid. An digestibility and occasional quadrivalent, protein content of 2 secondary cultivars of associations of bivalents Paspalum guenoarum. 2 in the 0-chromosome accession of P. cromyorrhizon, 0951 PERCIVAL, N.S., and hexavalents and and MC octovalents in the 4 CLINTOCK, M.B. 1982. Role 0-chromosome of grazing accession tend to management in support other manipulating the reports that indicate balance of ryegrass and x = 5 may be paspalum in the primitive basic number pastures.New Zealand from which Journal of species of Paspalum Experimental Agriculture with x - 6 and x 10(4): 110 were derived. Observations 365-370. 16 ref. on megasporogenesis and embryo sac The development indicated that effects of 2 spring and 4 reproduces P.laxu sumer sexually, and P. grazing managements on the proliferum productivity is a highly apomictic and composition of a species ryegrass-paspalum but with some potential for pasture are sexuality. described. Tetraploid P. Lax spring grazing cromyorrhizon decreased paspalum is a facultative content and apomict, whereas increased that the diploid is of ryegrass, whereas primarily sexual, hard spring grazing but appears to have had the opposite some potential effect. for apomictic Very hard summer grazing reproduction. increased tillering of paspalum, but had no effect on its contribution to 0953 SCIFRES, C.J., and DUNCAN, yield. Very lax summer grazing K.W. 1982. Brownseed paspalum maximised content of paspalum. response to season of Management iT.duced differences burning.Journal in of Range Management 35(2): paspalum 251-253. content of mixed pasture had 8 ref. no effect on pasture yield. This was contrary to the pattern of previous Season of burning New Zealand as related to studies, and may be plant phenology, related to moisture maximum temperatures availability of achieved, and soil the soil water content type on which the trial was rather located. The than duration of heat exposure role of paspalum in, New (5, 15 Zealand or 30 seconds) apparently pastures is discussed, and regulated reasons fire-induced mortality of are advanced to explain its brownseed decreasing abundance. paspalum (Paspalum plicatulum). Burning or top removal 0952 QUARIN, C.L., by clipping to ground line during HANNA, W.W., and summer caused greatest Lhe FERNANDEZ, A. 1982. Genetic studies mortality of brownseed paspalum and reduced

221 herbage volume of surviving plants, whereas burning in early or 0956 SMITH, A.E. 1982. Chemical mid-spring resulted in favorable control of smutgrass (Sporobolus growth responses. Fall burning was poiretii).Weed Science 30(3): less damaging than summer burning but 231-234. 13 ref. caused greater mortality of brownseed paspalum than did burning in the The influence of herbicide spring. Regrowth of brownseed formulation and time of herbicide paspalum after spring burning was application on smutgrass control and equivalent to that following top phytotoxicity to the major perennial removal by clipping during the same forage-grass species were determined. season. However, responses to summer Dalapon applied at rates of 4.8 or fall burning indicated that kgiha and higher gave excellent heat-induced damage occured in control regardless of time of addition to the effects of simple top application. However, 4.8 kg/ha removal. dalapon applied to Paspalum notatum and bermudagrass in the spring, and 0954 SIMON, P.J.M. 1982. A to tall fescue in the fall and comparative study of aspects of the spring, was phytotoxic. Aplications physiology and growth of Paspalum of tebuthiuron 80W (80% wettable dilatatum Pcii and Dactylis glomerata powder) formulation at 2.4 kg/ha, or L. under cool temperate fertilizer coated with tebuthiuron at conditions.Ph.D. thesis, University 2.4 kg/ha, gave excellent smutgrass of Leeds, Leeds, UK. control. The pelleted formulation of tebuthiuron was less phytotoxic to 0955 SISTACHS, M., FERNANDEZ, L., the forage species than the other and LEON, J.J. 1982. Susceptibility formulations. of razorgrass seed (Paspalum virgatum L.) to different herbicides.Cuban 0957 SMITH, R.L., SCHANK, S.C., Journal of Agricultural Science MILAM, J.R., and LITTELL, R.C. 1982. 16(1): 115-119. 13 ref. Statewide search for highly active (Summary:Ru). associative N2-fixation systems.Proceedings of the Soil and An eiperiment to determine the Crop Science Society of Florida 41: effect of diuron, TCA, atrazine, 122-126. 19 ref. trifluralin, dalapon and ioxinil on razorgrass (Paspalum virgatum) seeds A search was conducted in 57 of sown in pots under glasshouse Florida s 67 counties for highly conditions was carried out. Atrazine active, associative N2-fixing sites. exerted total control of the plants Two hundred sixty-four soil-grass on sprouting. Trifluralin followed cores were aaalyzed for nitrogenase atrazine in effectiveness with 93% activity by the acetylene reduction control and inhibited 87% of the method (AR). Four sites had cores razorgrass seed germination. Plants which evolved over 1000m reached their maximum height with ethylene/core per hour. Nineteen ioxinil and no significant sites had cores with over 500 nM/core differences were found between the per hour and 34 cores had over 300 nM control, dalapon, diuron, and TCA per core/hour. Paspalum notatum waS herbicides. It was recommended to the most prevalent grass species, in study the applications of atrazine the highly active cores, and Cynodon for the control of razorgrass seed dactylon was the next most prevalent. under field conditions. To determine Soil moisture and zinc content were the toxicity and the residual effects positively correlated and calcium of these herbicides, further studies content was negatively correlated are recommended. with AR activity.

222 lignified and had the lowest digestibility. Proportions STOCKDALE, C.R., and KING, potential 0958 dry matter from botanical K.R. 1982. Nitrogen fertiliser for of digested at 12 h were poorly irrigated dairy pastures.Pages fractions with lignin content of dry 379-380 In Dairy production from correlated but at 72 h were negatively pasture (eds. K.L. Macmillan and matter with lignin content of dry V.K. Tanfa). Hamilton, New Zealand: correlated and with proportions of New Zealand Society of Animal matter tissue in the respective Production. 3 ref. lignified botanical fractions. Proportions of digested was conducted on cellulose and hemicellulose An experiment correelated dominant, irrigated at 72 h were strongly Paspalum of cell walls. pasture in which two with lignin content perennial tissues were treatments were superimposed Proportions of lignified nitrogen with all on a range of dairy cow stocking less closely correlated digestibility than for two years. It was possible measurements of rates of lignin in cel) to grow more pasture with the use of were proportions chemically. nitrogen fertilizer but the greatest walls determined increase in animal growth occurred on P., MC CLUNG, C.R., farms with low stocking rates. The 0961 VAN BERKUM, C. 1982. Some pertinent extra pasture grown, increased the and SLOGER, associated with the hay yields rather than individual on N2 fixation 513-525 In animal performance. roots of grasses.Pages Biological nitrogen fixation for tropical agriculture: 0959 TAYLOR, R.W., GRIFFIN, J.L., technology a workshop, 9-13 and MECHE, G.A. 1982. Evaluation of papers presented at Cali, Colombia (eds. warm-season perennial grasses March 1981, S.C. Harris). Cali, (Bermuda grass, dallis grass and P.H. Graham and Internacional de bahia grass) for forage production in Colombia: Centro 28 ref. Southwest Lousiana.Pages 404-409 In Agricultura Tropical. 74th Annual progress report, Rice measurements of Experiment Station, Crowley, The indirect activity using Louisiana, 1982. Crowley, Louisiana, nitrogenase (N2-ase) evidence that N2 USA: Rice Experiment Station. C2H2 is popular, but fixation is associated with grasses short-term assays 0960 THIAGO, L.R.L. DE S., and should be based on sampling. Delaying KELLAWAY, R.C. 1982. Botanical immediately after C2H2 reduction composition and extent of the measurement of rates of N2-ase lignification affecting digestibility over estimates erroneously identify of wheat and oat straw and Paspalum activity and may situ. If N2 fixation hay.Animal Feed Science and N2 fixation in grasses in situ, C2H2 Technology 7: 71-81. 22 ref. is occurring in reduction with excised roots should delay and with Samples of 1 kg of wheat straw, be detectable without rates of C2H4 oat straw and paspalum hay were immediately linear under the appropriate separated into botanical fractions, accumulation Root-associated and the three largest fractions of assay conditions. in aquatic grasses is each forage were analysed. In N2-ase activity but inactivation is paspalum hay the proportions of sensitive to 02, nonlinear rates of lignified tissue in the three main temporary, causing C2H2 reduction. botanical fractions were similar but immediate of KNO3 to 0. sativa and potential digestibility of leaf blade Applications of Paspalum notatum was higher than other two field plots N2-ase activity, fractions. Within forages stem was reduced therateof NRA, and improved the largest fraction, the most increased leaf

223 Pesquisa plant growth. At the present time cutting heights.(Pt). 17(9): associative N2 fixation does not seem Agropecuaria Brasileira to be applicable to agriculture but 1349-1359. 20 ref. (Summary:En). may be of significance in maintaining stand and the soil fertility. Alfalfa in pure mixture alfalfa-Paspalum dilatatum, and alfalfa 0962 WALKER, T.J., and DONG, N. alfalfa-P. guenoarum at two stubble 1982. Mole crickets and pasture Pensacola were cut effect damage by Scapteriscus heights (4cm and 8cm) and the grasses: crude vicinus, but not by S. acletus on dry matter productions, compocition, (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae).Florida protein and botanical was evaluated Entomologist 65(3): 300-306. 12 ref. under field conditions, 1976, (Summary:Es). from December 1974 to September at Guaiba, (Brazil). Alfalfa in pure and Scapteriscus vicinus and S. acletus stand, alfalfa - P. dilatatum, had similar dry juveniles and adults were held in alfalfa - Pensacola were superior to outdoor cages planted with plugs of matter yields, but mixture. Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum. the alfalfa - P. guenoarum showed higher notatum) and coastal bermudagrass. Alfalfa in pure stand than alfalfa - Densities were 11 or 22 per sq m of crude protein yields - Pensacola, soil surface and 308 or 616 per sq m P. dilatatum and alfalfa more than of grasses; alternative food was but these mixtures yielded The 4 cm provided in half the cages. S. alfalfa - P. guenoarum. dry matter vicinus significantly reduced forage stubble resulted in higher in the yield and stand of both grasses, but and crude protein yields pure stand alfalfa damage to bahiagrass was much greater alfalfa was a than to simultaneously available Pensacola mixture. There to bermudagrass. Sacpteriscus acletus tendency for the 8 cm stubble grasses adults and juveniles had little if increase the percentage of the any effect on either grass. while for the 4 cm stubble tendency was to increase alfalfa and 0963 WALKER, T.J., LITTELL, R.C., weeds in the mixtures. and DONG, N. 1982. Which mole crickets damage bahiagrass pastures?Florida Entomologist 65(0): 110-116. 13 ref. (Summary:Es). Setaria Species

Scapteriscus vicinus, and S. rate of acletus cause severe damage to 0965 ALBY, T. 1982. Optimal giant bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) sethoxydim for controlling in carrot pastureE, yet no direct evidence foxtail (Setaria faberi) conclusively implicated either plantings.Page 96 In Proceedings, Weed Control species. The effects of the 2 North Central USA: species was assayed by augmenting Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, Control Conference populations at sites in 3 pastures. North Central Weed Releasing ca. 16,000 vicinus or ca. Inc. 9,000 acletus adults at the centers F.G., and SLIFE, of circular plots had little, if any, 0966 BURROUGHS, Comparison of three effect on bahiagrass stand during the F.W. 1982. for use with Dowco 356 and next 7 months. adjuvants atrazine to control giant foxtail faberi) postemergence in 0964 ZIMMER, A.H., JACQUES, A.V.A., (Setaria 33 In Proceedings, North and MARKUS, R. 1982. Warm season corn.Page Weed Control Conference, forage grasses in mixture with Central Indianapolis, USA: North alfalfa cv. crioula, at two different 1982.

224 Central Weed Control Conference Inc Control Conference Inc.

0967 EVERITT, J.H., and ALANIZ, Deals with the control of Setaria M.A. 1982. Nutrient content of faberi in no-till soyabeans using grasses growing on four range sites pre- and post- sowing sprays of in South Texas.Agricultural Research herbicides. Results, Southern Series (USA) no. USDA-ARR-S-11. 24pp. 22 ref. 0970 FREED, B.E., HARVEY, R.G., and OPLINGER, E.S. 1982. Weed control Grasses including Setaria texana (Setaria faberi) in narrow no-till from 4 range sites in southern Texas soybeans.Page 30 In Proceedings, were analysed for crude protein, P, North Central Weed Control Ca, Mg, K and Na contents during Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, USA: growing seasons of 1976-1977. Crude North Central Weed Control Conference protein, P and K were generally Inc. highest after periods of higher rainfall in late spring, summer and 0971 GRAFSTROM, L.D., JR., and early fall, Ca, Mg and Na remained NALEWAJA, J.D. 1982. Foxtail generally stable and showed little competition in navy beans.Pages 98-99 relationship to rainfall. Crude In Proceedings, North Central Weed protein, Ca, Mg and K levels were Control Conference, 1982. generally adequate for cattle Indianapolis, USA: North Central Weed requirements throughout the growing Control Conference Inc. season on all 4 sites. P contents of grasses were probably adequate for 0972 HACKER, J.B. 1982. Seed dry cows throughout the growing production in frost-tolerant season on all sites but were Setaria.Pages 28-29 In Annual report, generally below requirements of Commonwealth Scientific and lactating cows. Na levels were Industrial Research Organization, generally below minimum requirement Division of Tropical Crops and for beef cattle. Pastures, 1981-82. Brisbane, Australia: Commonwealth Scientific 0968 FAWCETT, J.A., FAWCETT, R.S., and Industrial Research Organization. BRENNEMAN, L.G., and CRESWELL, J.L. 1982. Early preplant vs planting time In summer 1982, an experiment was herbicides for no-till corn across planted at the Samford Research Iowa.Pages 40-43 In Proceedings, Station to compare the seed North Central Weed Control production of Narok (frost resistant Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, USA: cultivar of Setaria) to that of the North Central Weed Control Conference two synthetics under two levels of Inc. nitrogen fertilizer. The results are yet to be studied. Deals with the control of Setaria faberi, S. viridis and S. pumila in 0973 HANSON, C.L., and WILLIAMS, no-till corn using pre- and J.L. 1982. Pcstemergence weed control post-sowing sprays of herbicides. (Setaria faberi) in corn with tridiphane and atrazine.Page 34 In 0969 FAWCETT, R.S., BRENNEMAN, L.G., Proceedings, North Central Weed CRESWELL, J.L., and VINCENT, G.B. Control Conference, 1982. 1982. Early preplant vs planting time Indianapolis, USA: North Central Weed herbicides for no-till soybeans Control Conference Inc. across Iowa.Pages 69-71 In Proceedings, North Central Weed 0974 HENDRICK, L.W., VEENSTRA, M.A., Control Conference, 1982. and VESECKY, J.F. 1982. Grass Indianapolis, USA: North Central Weed control (Setaria species) in alfalfa

225 in the production with set hoxydim.Page 100 In without any setback of Greenleaf. Proceedings, North Central Weed of legume component Control Conference, 1982. and ARNOLD, W.E. Indianapolis, USA: North Central Weed 0978 LAUBE, B.C., rainfall treatment Control Conference Inc. 1982. Simulated influence on postemergence grass CGA 82725, 0975 INDONESIA:BALAI INFORMASI control with and Dowco.Pages PERTANIAN. 1982. Rumput gajah fluazifop-butyl, North Central (Setaria splendida).(In). 73-74 In Proceedings, Conference, 1982. Baujarbaru, Indonesia: Balai Weed Control North Central Weed Informasi Pertanian. 5 pp. Indianapolis, USA: Control Conference Inc. 0976 JORDAN, J.l.., JORDAN, L.S., rainfall after and JORDAN, C.14. 1982. Effect of The effect of CGA 82725, freezing to -196 deg C and thawing on application of Dowco-453 to Setaria lutescens seeds.Cryobiology fluazifop-butyl or control of yellow 19(4): 435-442. 17 ref. soybean crop on the foxtail (Setaria pumila) weed was The effects of single and repeated simulated. freezing and thawing of Setaria D.R., and NALEWAJA, lutescens seeds in liquid nitrogen 0979 MANTHEY, stress effects on were investigated. One freeze to J.D. 1982. Moisture 52-53 -196 deg C followed by a slow thaw, foxtail seed germination.Pages North Central Weed increased seed germination from 40 to In Proceedings, 1982. 70%, but additional freeze-thaw Control Conference, North Central Weed cycles reduced germination to 30%. Indianapolis, USA: Inc. Using a scanning electron microscope, Control Conference evidence was produced that seed coat viridis germinated cracking did not cause either initial Seed of Setaria a wider range increased, or subsequent reduced more rapidly and over levels than S. germination. Observations with a of moisture stress transmission electron microscope lutescens seed. revealed that disruption of the J.L., TAYLOR, S.E., integrity of lipid bodies accompanied 0980 MICRAEL, 1982. Effects of increased damage from repeated and FAWCETT, R.S. on the growth of freezing at -196 deg C and thawing. soil temperature and velvetleaf.Pages Repeated freezing and thawing of giant foxtail North Central seeds stored in liquid nitrogen 51-52 In Proceedings, Conference, 1982. should be done with care to avoid Weed Control USA: North Central Weed loss of germplasm. Indianapolis, Control Conference Inc. 0977 KITAMURA, Y. 1982. Use of stage of growth was starter nitrogen for establishing The 8-leaf the same time by seedlings tropical legume-grass pasture.JARQ reached in faberi), 15(4): 253-260. 15 ref. of giant foxtail (Setaria green foxtail (S. viridis) and yellow pumila) during warm, dry, Experiments were conducted to show foxtail (S. in a cool, damp season. The the beneficial effect of starter N as of the weeds was poor when application on Desmodium intortum growth were kept at a constant cultivar Greenleaf and a Setaria they deg C. sphacelata cultivar Kazungula and S. temperature of 10 anceps. Starter N applied at less MILLER, S.D., and NALEWAJA, than 80 kg/ha as basal dressing 0981 J.D. 1982. Fall preplant incorporated increased the dry matter production trifluralin in wheat.Pages 27-29 In of Greenleaf - Kazungula mixture

226 were applied to North Central Weed Herbicides Proceedings, sunflower, sugarbeet, control Conference, 1982. soybeans, oats and Setaria lutescens to Indianapoliv, USA: North Central Weed wheat, phytotoxicity of the grass Control Conference Inc. study control herbicides alone and in with broadleaved control Deals with the control of Setaria mixture In a separate trial, the lutescens in wheat crop using herbicides. was added to the latter trifluralin granules. oil additive herbicides for the same purpose. 0982 NADA, Y., and JONES, R.M. P.A., CHOW, P.N.P., 1982. Yield and quality of annual 0984 0 SULLIVAN, and KIRKLA,.), K.J. grasses and of perennial HUNTER, J.H., forage of green foxtail in in the year of sowing in 1982. Control grasses AC 206, 784, alone and in southeastern Queensland.Journal of cereal with triallate for wild Japanese Society of Grassland Science mixtures with Journal of Plant 28(1): 48-58. (Summary:Ja). oats.Canadian Science 62: 995-1001. 12 ref. Eleven annuals and 9 perennial (Summary:Fr). grass accessions were evaluated as viridis with AC 206,784 was annual summer growing forages in Setaria at four locations in subtropical Australia. Harvested evaluated Canada. With soil material was separated into leaf, western control was good at stem and reproductive heads. In applications, 1978 but poor at Lacombe vitro digestibility was measured on Lacombe in during 1979. Control was the separated components. The two and Regina Brandon and Scott in 1979. perennial grasses (Chloris gayana and good at locations in 1979, soil Setaria sphacelata X S. splendida At two applictions were less hybrid) yielded an average of 11,000 surface (PE) for control of green kg/ha iith 5 cuts and 15,000 kg/ha effective than preplant-incorporated with 4. The leaf yield was unchanged foxtail PPI treatments to at about 6,000 kg/ha. Thus less (PPI) treatments. of 5 cm were more effective frequent cutting increased yield of a depth cm. Treating the soil much more than yield of leaf. than PPI to 10 stem the merging The higher stem yields were zone containing of green foxtail and associated with a depression of 5% in coleoptiles more injury than stem digestibility. Digestibility of wheat caused root zone. Application both leaf and stem was highest at the treating the as a tank-mixture with beginning and at the end of the of AC 206,784 affect its activity growing period. Measurements of triallate did not foxtail or influence plant and tiller density were made on green on wild oats. In after each harvest and were related triallate activity greenhouse experiments, to changes in yield over the season. field and green foxtail with AC 206, The advantages and disadvantages of control of at the two-leaf stage was using either annuals or perennials as 784 applied the four-leaf stage it annual fodder crops are discussed. variable; at was poor. 0983 NALEWAJA, J.D., MILLER, S.D., P., and KANODIA, K.C. and DEXTER, A.G. 1982. Postemergence 0985 RAI, for an ideal legu, e for grass and broadleaf herbicide 1982. Search pasture.Forage Re. earch combinations.Pages 77-80 In Setaria mixed 9 ref. Proceedings, North Central Weed 8(2): 145-149. Control Conference, 1982. were carried out during a Indianapolis, USA: North Central Weed Studies of three years with seven Control Conference Inc. period range legumes to know their

227 suitability for intercropping in pasture of Setaria anceps in the Setaria sphacelata under rainfed State of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil). conditions. The maximum green and After ten days, 45 of these cows dry forage yield of the grass was showed cliuical signs of oxalate obtained when intercropped with poisoning characterized by Stylosanthes guianensis. Amongst the staggering, tetany, diarrhea, and legumes, the maximum green and dry nasal discharge, sometimes bloody, forage yields were recorded in case and nine of them died. Studies of Macroptilium lathyroides. Data on revealed that the plasma calcium grass-legume mixture showed that the concentration in animals suspected maximum mixed green and dry forage of poisoning was lower than normal. yields were obtained with Clitoris Levels of oxalates in new plant ternatea (277.6 q/ha) and S. growth were very high (average 6.2%). guianensis (73.51 q/ha). Data on Soils in the area coutained 140 ppm crude protein yield also indicated of potassium, which could account that it was maximum when Setaria for the high levels of oxalate in the sphacelata was intercropped with S. grass. The most evident guianensis. histopathological finding was the presence of a great number of oxalate 0986 REYNOLDS, D.A., and DEXTER, crystals in the renal tubules, in the A.G. 1982. Diethatly performance in one cow on which post-mortem sugarbeets in the Red River examination was done. Blood valley.Pages 110-111 In Proceedings, hypocalcemia and plant levels of North Central Weed Control oxalate associated with Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, USA: histopathological findings strongly North Central Weed Control Conference suggest oxalate poisoning as the Inc. cause of the outbreak studied. Management practices to prevent Diethatyl + EPTC or TCA gave better oxalate poisoning are suggested. yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila) and green foxtai] (S. viridis) control 0989 SCHROLL, R.E., and SCHREIBER, than diethatyl alone and were M.M. 1982. Foxtail interference of slightly better than ethofumesate + soybean growth.Pages 55-56 In EPTC or TCA. Proceedings, North Central Weed Control Conference, 1982. 0987 RICK, S.K., and SLIFE, F.W. Indianapolis, USA: North Central Weed 1982. Postemergence and residual Control Conference Inc. grass control (Setaria faberi) in soyabeans.Page 66 In Proceedings, 0990 SEMALI, A., and NANURUNG, T. North Central Weed Control 1982. Effects of various leguminous Conference, 1982. Indianapolis, USA: plants on the production and quality North Central Weed Control Conference of Setaria grass.(In), Pages 321-326 Inc. In Proceedings, Seminar Penelitian Peternakan, 1982. Cisarua, Indonesia. 0988 SCHENK, M.A.M., FARIA FILHO, T.T. DE, PIMENTEL, D.M., and THIAGO, 0991 TAYLORSON, R.B. 1982. L.R.L. DE S. 1982. Oxalate poisoning Anesthetic effects on secondary in of lactating cows in pasture of dormancy and phytochrome responses Setaria.(Pt). Pesquisa Agropecuaria Setaria faberi seeds.Plant Physiology Brasileira 17(9): 1403-1407. 24 ref. 70: 882-886. 24 ref. (Summary :En). Seeds ot giant foxtail (Setaria dormancy A herd of 85 Nelore cows with faberi) entered secondary at 35 deg two-months old calves and in poor after pretreatment in H20 0.1 M ethanol, or conditions were transferred to a C. Pretreatment in

228 of response to red substances With induction several other is caused by 0.5 M properties, prevented irradiation, anesthetic ethanol and some closely related secondary dormancy induction. substances. The anesthetic effect is Pretreatment in 0.5 M ethanol accomplished within the first 8 hours inhibited germination in darkness, of inhibition while the phytochrome but germination could be stimulated induction effect required treatment by a red irradiation. Germination for more than 24 hours. Both initially insensitive to light, was responses were lost if the 35 deg C Two separate responses are indicated, imbibition began in H20. Involvement The first, affected by a variety of of cell membranes is suggested in the substances and low (0.1 M or less) prevention of secondary dormancy of concentrations of ethanol, is related anesthetics. to anesthetic effects and prevention of secondary dormancy. The second,

229 Author Index

- ABD-EL-TAWAB, F.M. 0424 ANDREWS, D.J. 0071 BANDOPADHYAY, S.K. 07571 0426 0097 0137 0317 0758 ABDUL SAAM, H. 0703 ANDRIESSEN, E.A.M. 0358 BANDY, D.E. 0918 ABDUL-HUSSAIN, S. 0369 ANJENEYULU, ABE, J. V.R. 0251 BANERJEE, S.K. 0029 0693 0252 0694 BANSAL, R.K. 0299 ANNAMALAI, V. 0281 BANSAL, R.P. ABRAMOV, V.K. 0288 0575 ANNING, p. 0666 BANUETT-BOURRILLON, ABROL, I.P. 0696 0699 F. 0077 0881 0882 ANOUSE, M.Y.M.A. 0733 BARBOSA, J.C 0719 ABU DIEK, A.A. 0897 APPADURAI, R. 0072 BARGUTTI, A. 0845 ABUELGASIM, E.H.H. 0069 0485 BARRETT, M. 0861 ADAMU, A.M. 0664 APPERT, J. 0340 BARROS, N. 0751 ADEGBOIA, A. 0856 ARADHYA, K.M. 0635 BARVE, S.S. C425 ADEPETU, J.A. 0856 ARAGAO, W.M. 0779 BATISTA, H.A.M. 0736 ADEPOJU, A. 0856 ARASE, S. 0536 BATRA, M.L. 0225 ADU, I.F. 0664 ARENAS HOLGUIN, A. 0734 BAUMAN, T.T. 0658 ADVANI, R. 0366 ARIOVICH, D. 0667 BAUMLEY, J.J. 0862 AESCLIMANN, . 0452 ARIYANAYAGAM, R.P. 0073 BEHRENS, R. 0597 AGAFONOV, N.P. 0577 ARNOLD, W.E. 0978 BELCHER, C.R. 0863 AGARWAL, M.C. 0191 ARORA, J. 0348 0910 AGNIHOTRI, J.p. 0314 ARUNACHALAM, V. 0074 BELL, A.R. 0453 AGRAWAL, K.K. 0196 ARUNDHATI, K. 0075 BENIGNO, D.R.A. AGRAWAL, R.K. 0129 ASADUZZAMAN, 0670 A.H.M. 0756 BENSON, J.M. 0289 AHRENS, J.F. 0798 ASAKAWA, N. 0722 RESTE, C.E. 0864 AHUJA, R.L. 0321 ASCENCIO, J. 0857 BHAN, V.M. 0295 AJIT, S.S. 0786 ASHLEY, R.A. 0799 BHASKAR, S. AKENOVA, M.E. 0070 0226 0806 0807 BHATIA, S.K. AKIN, D.E. 0235 0924 ATWAL, J.S. 0215 BHATNAGAR, V.S. AKINRELE, l.A. 0396 ATWATER, M.L. P363 0668 BIATT, M.D. 0461 AL'SHEVSKII, N.G. 0221 AUSTIN, R.B. 0027 BHATTAD, G.S. 0737 AL-ANI, A. 0026 AUTREY, K.M. 0736 HIDE, V.P. 01728 ALAGARSWAMY, G. 0030 AWOLUMATE, E.O. 073' BHOI, P.G. 0258 0048 0049 0050 0130 0163 AYALA, J.R. 0744 0298 0646 0222 BAART, E.A.D. ALANIZ, M.A. 0445 BHOWAL, J.G. 0155 0967 BABABUNMI, E.A. 0393 BHRIGUVANSHI, ALBY, T. S.R. 0522 0965 BABREKAR, P.G. 0172 BHUTIA, P.N. ALCORN, J.L. 0547 0851 BABU, P. 0137 BIDINGER, ALl, A. F.R. 0030 0756 BACONGUIS, S.R. 0669 ALl, F.M. 0048 0049 0050 0053 0222 0768 BADE, D.H. 0858 BIB, K.K. ALLEN, M. 0462 0389 BAGCHI, D.K. 0223 BING, A. ALLINSON, D.W. 0913 0798 BAGHEL, R.P.S. 0663 BIRARI, S.P. ALMEIDA, S.A. 0504 0779 BAGLEY, P.C. 0864 BISMUTH, ALVIM, P. DE T. E. 0083 0793 BAGYARAJ, D.J. 0495 BISSET, W.J. ALY, S.A. 0730 0705 0496 0497 0885 AMARASEKERA, A.R. 0717 BAINS, B.S 0817 BLACK, C.C. 0814 0718 BAJAJ, J.C. 0224 BLACK, C.C. AMARASINGHE, L. 0731 BAJAJ, R.K. JR. 0823 0076 0830 0732 0763 0764 BAKER, E.F.I. 0276 BLAISE, E.A. AMARGER, N. 0055 BAKER, R.L. 0586 0859 BLANCO, H.G. 0671 ANDERSEN, S. 0132 BAKRE, S.G. 0232 BOCHAROV, V.V. ANDERSON, R.N. 0585 0177 BAL, A.R. 0039 BODDEY, R.M. ANDRADE, A. C)27 0243 BALAKRISHNA, A.N. 0496 BONDE, M.R. ANDRADE, J.B. DE 0384 BAIASUBRAMANIAN, 0318 V. 0253 BONZI, S.M. 0349 0385 BAIATOVA-TULACKOVA, E. 0860 BOOZAYA-ANGOON, D. ANDRADE, P. DE 0384 BALKOW, C. 0364 0557 BORODINA, E.E. 0338 0385 BALL, ANDREW, M.H. S.L. 0329 BORSE, R.H. 0811 BALYAN, R.S. 0028 0254 ANDREWS, A.C. 0255 0665 0054 0197 0200 BOTSWANA:MINISTRY 0680 BANCIU, T. 0582 OF AGRICULTURE 0256

VPage 233 0300 0301 CHAMBLEE, D.S. 0741 COOPER, A.E. BOULTON, P. 0936 0800 CHAMPIGNY, M.L. 0055 CORBEA, L.A. 0743 BOUTON, J.H. 0175 0083 CORMIER, R.J. 0942 BRABANT, P. 0633 CHAND, H. 0084 COSTA, F.P. 0780 BRAR, D.S. 0079 CHANDI, K.S. 0228 COUGHENOUR, M.B. 0921 0128 CIANDRA, P. 0473 CRESSWELL, C.F. 0667 BRAR, H.S. 0206 0528 C678 BRAR, J.S. 0230 CHANDRA, S. 0116 CRESWELL, J.L. 0968 BRAZIL:INSTITUTO AGR- 0117 0969 ONOMICO, COMPINAS. 0865 CHANDRASEKHAR, G. 0035 CROSTON, R.P. 0086 BRAZIL:UNIV. FED. 0036 CRUTCHFIELD, D.A. PERNAMBUCO. 0448 0001 CHANG, Y.M. 0395 CRUZ, G.M. DA 0775 BRENIERE, J. 0341 CHAPMAN, P.G. 0803 CRUZ, L.S.P. BRENNEMAN, L.G. 0679 0968 CHARLES-EDWARDS, D.A. 0697 CUI, X.F. 0643 0969 CHATTERJI, A.K. 0742 D'SOUZA, T.F. BRISKE, D.D. 0649 0928 CHAUDHARI, L.B. 0578 DAHIYA, B.N. 0110 BRITZ, S.J. 0801 0579 0149 BROOKS, C.O. 0175 CHAUDHARY, M.L. 0225 DANCETTE, C. 0207 BROWN, E.A. 0586 CHAUDHURI, U.N. 0198 DANG, J.K. BROWN, G.W. 0320 0868 CHAUGALE, D.S. 0504 0321 BROWN, R.H. 0924 CHAUHAN, K.S. 0333 DARGAN, K.S. 0882 BRUCE, R.C. 0672 CHAVAN, K.B. 0216 DART, P.J. 0176 BRYAN, W.B. 0802 0217 0179 0187 0188 0189 BRYSON, R.W. 0738 CHAVES, C.M. 0804 DAS, R.B. 0257 BUI DANG HA, D. 0031 CHAWLA, H.S. 0037 DAS, S.K. 0241 BUI DANG, D. 0032 0085 DAS, S.M. 0601 BURDICK, B. 0673 CHEN, Y.M. 0034 DAS, V.S.R. 0725 BURIOL, G.A. 0840 CHEN, Z.Z. 0643 DASS, S. 0087 BURNS, J.C. 0766 CHENG, H. 0352 0116 0117 0118 0915 CHENNAMMA, K.A.L. 0540 DAVIES, B.J. 0551 BURNSIDE, O.C. 0674 CHENNAVEERAIAH, M.S. 0482 DAVIES, J.C. BURROUGHS, F.G. 0347 0966 CHEW, W.Y. 0676 0348 0363 BURSON, B.L. 0675 CHHINA, B.S. 0038 DAVIS, F.M. 0354 0929 CHIBA, Y. 0450 DAVIS, J.H. 0942 BURTON, G.W. 0080 CHIKANOVA, V.M. 0177 DAVIS, P. 0825 0081 0082 0315 0930 0931 CHIKURA, S. 0933 0826 0948 CHISAKA, H. 0423 DAVIS, R. BURTON, R.L. 0697 0350 CHONAN, N. 0892 DAVISON, T.M. 0868 0354 CHOPRA, K.R. 0379 DAY, A.D. BYKOV, O.D. 0852 0033 CHOUBEY, R.N. 0100 DAYTON, R.S. 0910 CABALA-ROSAND, P. 0932 CHOUBEY, S.D. 0420 DE BUSK, A.G. 0112 CABALLERO, A. 0816 CHOW, P.N.P. 0984 DE FRANCISCO, A. 0375 CACERES, 0. 0774 CHRISTENSEN, N.B. 0199 0376 CAMARA, P.A. 0019 CHUN, W.B. 0460 DE OLIVEIRA, E.R. 0751 CAMERON MINOR, H. 0839 CICARDINI, E.E. 0934 DE, R. 0249 CAMPBELL, C.M. 0739 CLARKE, G. 0395 DEMANGE, J.M. 0360 CAPOTE, R.P. 0860 CLEGG, M.T. 0061 DENG, Y.F. 0632 CARNEIRO, M. 0920 CLEM, R.L. 0699 DENNIS, R.W.G. 0745 CARPENTER, J.R. 0739 COALDRAKE, P.D. 0135 DEOLE, J.Y. CARVALHO, J.L.H. 0353 DE 0775 0229 DEORE, D.D. 0088 CARVALHO, L. DE A. 0740 COBB, B.G. 0835 DERNOEDEN, P.H. CASADY, A.J. 0805 0364 COFFEY, D.L. 0843 0821 CATCHPOOLE, V.R. 0866 COLEMAN, W.H. 0655 DESAI, K.B. 0486 CEGLARZ, E. 0034 COLY, B.D. 0019 DESAI, S.N. 0258 CHAHAL, R.S. 0227 COMMONWEALTH BUREAU DESIKACHAR, H.S.R. 0550 0245 0246 OF PASTURES AND FIELD DEUSE, J. 0340 CHAHAL, S.S. 0025 CROPS. 0935 DEVI, 'r.U. 0089 0319 0337 COOK, S.J. 0677 DEVI, S.U. 0546 CHAKRAVORTY, S.K. 0503 0867 DEWALD, C.L. 0855

234 DEXTER, A.G. 0983 EVERITT, J.H. 0967 GARG, D.K. 0458 0986 EVERS, G.W. 0937 0459 DHAMDHERE, S.V. 0345 FALVEY, J.L. 0680 GAUR, R.D. 0528 0346 0353 FANG, S.C. 0558 GAUTAM, R.C. 0185 DHANKAR, R.S. 0197 FAO 0002 0202 0512 0513 0200 0003 0342 GE, M. 0395 DHILLON, N.S. 0230 FARIA FILHO, T.T. DE 0988 GEERVANI, P. 0397 DHILLON, S. 0370 FARUQI, S.A. 0750 GENKEL, P.A. 0043 0371 FASULO, T.R. 0943 GEORGE, J.R. 0874 DHINDSA, K.S. 0146 FATTAH, Q.A. 0644 GERARDO, J. 0683 0370 0371 FAWCETT, J.A. 0878 GHOSH, A.B. 0172 DILL, T.R. 0869 0968 0236 DIOP, F. 0019 FAWCETT, R.S. 0968 GILL, P.S. 0130 DOBEREINER, J. 0927 0969 0980 GJAERUM, H.B. 0745 DOMINGUEZ, G.H. 0744 FEBLES, G. 0872 GLOSER, J. 0721 DONG, H.Q. 0602 0898 GOBBE, J. 0782 DONG, N. 0962 FEDORINOVA, M.K. 0388 GODARD, M. 0132 0963 FEDOSIMOV, O.F. 0598 GOGENIREIM, Y. 0845 DOSHI, S.P. 0151 FEDOTINA, V.L. 0338 GOGICHAISHVILI, L.K. 0554 DOTO, A.L. 0265 FELER, Z. 0949 GOLLAKOTA, K.G. 0182 0275 FENSTER, W.E. 0788 GOMES, D.B. 0873 DOUMBIA, Y.O. 0351 FERNANDEZ, A. 0952 GOMEZ, J. 0898 0356 FERNANDEZ, L. 0955 GONCALEZ, D.A. 0746 DOWEYKO, A.M. 0453 FERRAR, P. 0678 GONCALVES, C.A. 0684 DU, D. 0190 FERRES T.,P. 0681 0685 DU, S.H. 0558 FINCK, A. 0168 GONZALEZ PADILLA, H. 0386 DUA, R.P. 0090 FINIAY, M.C. 0699 GONZALEZ, H. 0772 DUELL, R.W. 0863 FLOYD, C. 0179 GOODCHILD, I.K. 0809 DUFOUR, F. 0902 FORD, C.W. 0808 GOSSEYE, P. 0260 0903 FOSTER, J.G. 0559 GOVIL, J.N. 0092 DUHAN, B.S. 0227 FOSTER, R.C. 0938 0093 DUJARDIN, M. 0091 FOY, C.D. 0855 GOVINDU, H.C. 0302 0104 FRANCE:ASSOS. DE COORD. GOWDA, B.K.L. 0513 DUMFORD, S.W. 0869 TECH. AGRICOLE 0587 GOWDA, B.T.S, 0635 DUNCAN, K.W. 0953 FRANCE:GROUP. RECH. GOWDA, D.N. 0542 DUSKY, J.A. 0844 ET ECH. TECHNOL 0330 GOWDA, M.V.C. 0507 DWIVEDI, R.S. 0039 FRANCE:IRAT 0004 GRACE, J.R. 0113 EASTERS, 0. 0848 FRANCIS, C.A. 0040 GRAFSTROM, L.D., JR. 0971 EASTIN, J.D. 0040 FRANCIS, H.J. 0521 GRAPH, S. 0845 EBERSOHN, J.P. 0672 FREED, B.E. 0970 GREEN J.J. 0448 ECHEVERRIA, L.C. 0780 FRIESEN, G.H. 0290 GREEN, J.R. 0462 ECK, H.V. 0880 FRYE, W.W. 0637 GREEN, R.L. 0959 EDWARDS, C.C. 0396 FUKUMI, R. 0432 GREGORY, P.J. 0044 EDWARDS, G. 0560 FUNES, F. 0820 0259 0561 GAHUKAR, R.T. 0343 GRIFFIN, J.L. 0959 EDWARDS, G.E. 0559 GAIKWAD, A.P. 0649 GRIGORYEVA, M.P. 0373 0565 0566 0870 0871 0925 GAIKWAD, D.G. 0455 GROSSMAN, D. 0678 EGHAREVaA, P.N. 0201 GALIBA, M. 0019 GROVER, R.K. 0084 0276 GALVAO, F.E. 0781 GRUNOW, J.0. 0678 EL AHMADI, A.B. 0086 GANESHAIAH, K.N. 0470 GUERRA, M. 0169 0109 0850 GUMANIUC, L. 0582 ELIAS, A. 0816 GANGULY, T.K. 0391 GUNASEKHARA, B.C.G. 0194 ELKINS, C.B. 0936 GARCIA, M. 0820 GUPTA, G.N. 0170 EMEROLE, G.O. 0393 GARCIA-HUIDOBRO, J. 0041 0203 ENG, P.K. 0786 0042 GUPTA, J.P. 0170 ENGLISH, B.H. 0692 GARDENER, C.J. 0682 0203 0785 0876 GARDESTROM, P. 0560 GUPTA, P. 0045 ENNIS, B.G. 0806 0561 GUPTA, P.D. 0215 0807 GARDNER, A.L. 0780 GUPTA, R.C. 0652

235 GUPTA, R.K. 0171 HELLWIG, R.E. 0848 RATIVE PROGRAM 0007 GUPTA, S.C. 0094 HENDERSON, M.S. 0940 ICRiSAT, PEARL MILLET 0095 0096 0097 0941 IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 0105 GUPTA, S.K. 0098 HENDRICK, L.W. 0974 ICRISAT, SENEGAL COO 0099 0100 HENSON, I.E. 0027 PERATIVE PROGRAM 0106 GUPTA, S.P. 0622 0046 0047 0048 0049 0050 ICRISAT:SMIC 0008 GUPTA, S.R. 0613 0059 0136 ILAHI, 1. 0291 GUPTA, V.P. 0037 HERAWATI, T. 0720 0292 0085 0101 0372 0784 ILNICKI, R.D. 0862 GUPTA, V.S. 0102 HERRERA, J. 0770 0877 GUTERRES, E.P. 0873 HESLOP-HARRISON, J. 0051 IMAIZUMI, M. 0514 GUZMAN, R.B. 0901 HESLOP-HARRISON, Y. 0051 INAMUDDIN, M. 0750 HACKER, J.B. 0686 HEYSER, J.W. 0562 INDIA:ALL INDIA COORD. 0687 0810 0811 0972 0563 MIL. IMP. PROJ. 0013 HAIDER, Z.A. 0619 HILL, G.M. 0942 0014 0015 0433 0463 0464 HAKOISHI, T. 0749 HILL, J.E. 0836 0554 0611 0617 0626 HALL, D.W. 0827 HIMMELSTEIN, F.J. 0815 INDIAN COUNCIL OF HALL, K.E. 0874 HINNANT, R.T. 0691 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 0416 HALLMARK, W.B. 0942 HIREMATH, S.C. 0482 0417 0434 0555 0612 0618 HAMMER, K. 0556 HO-A, E.B. 0739 0627 HAMMOND, L.E. 0688 HODGES, G. 0395 INDONESIA:BAIAI INFO- HAMMOND, L.L. 0783 HODSON, M.J. 0657 RMASI PERTANIAN. 0975 0788 0658 0661 INDOO 0101 HAMPAIAE, R. 0231 HOFFMAN 0875 INOUE, T. 0427 0283 HOGAN, J.P. 0825 0428 0431 HANDLEY, J.V. 0688 0826 IRAZOUQUI, J.M. 0934 HANELT, P. 0556 HOLLIDAY, P. 0308 IRUTHAYARAJ, M.P. 0523 HANNA, W.W. 0082 HOLT, E.C. 0713 ISAWA, K. 0650 0091 0103 0104 0315 0952 HOLTUM, J.A.M. 0925 ISHIHARA, A. 0749 HANSON, C.L. 0973 HONKURA, R. 0427 ISHIZUKA, K. 0440 HANUMANTHAIAH, K. 0548 0428 0431 ITOI, S. 0536 HARAGOPAL, D. 0656 HOPKINS, T.L. 0359 IYENGAR, B.R.V. 0232 HARDY, C. 0744 HOPKINSON, J.M. 0692 IZHAM, A. 0786 HARINARAYANA, G. 0005 0785 0876 JACQUES, A.V.A. 0964 0130 0254 0255 0322 0455 HORIBATA, T. 0693 JADHAV, K.K. 0254 0457 0599 0615 0616 0694 0255 HAROON, S.A. 0812 HORNG, L.C. 0877 JAGSCHITZ, J.A. 0831 0813 HOSENEY, R.C. 0375 JAIN, R.P. 0109 HARPEL, R.A. 0942 0376 JAIN, S.K. 0029 HARRADINE, A.R. 0747 HOSMANI, M.M. 0530 JAIN, U. 0367 HARRIS, T.C. 0689 HOSONO, A. 0552 JAMDAGNI, B.M. 0504 HARRISON, P.A. 0814 HUDA, A.K.S. 0163 JAMES, A.W. 0377 HARRISS, B. 0401 HULLING, C. 0355 JAMES, J. 0144 0402 HULET, H. 0260 JANA, R.K. 0277 HARSH, C. 0192 HUNTER, J.H. 0984 JANARDHANAN, K.V. 0647 HARTWIG, N.L. 0875 HUQ, S. 0644 JANSEN, A. 0682 HARVEY, R.G. 0588 HURTT, W. 0436 JATASRA, D.S. 0087 0591 0592 0593 0594 0970 HUSSAIN, F. 0291 0118 HARYANTO, B. 0720 0292 JAYARAM, Y.N. 0498 0748 0751 0784 HUSSEII,, K.R.F. 0424 JHA, K.P. 0526 HASHIMOTO, T. 0451 HUTCHINS, A. 0673 JIAO, G.L. 0628 HATCH, M.D. 0870 IBRAHIM, A.A. 0201 JIN, S.Z. 0643 0871 ICHTKI, H. 0749 JOHNSON, B.J. 0846 HATHOUT, M.K. 0768 ICRISAT 0009 JOHNSON, W.L. 0748 HAUSER, V.L. 0690 0010 0011 0012 0107 0108 0751 HE, S.M. 0630 0164 0261 0262 JOHNSTON, M.C. 0848 HE, Y. 0190 ICRISAT, BURKINA FASO JOLLEY, V.D. 0702 HEGDE, B.R. 0286 COOPERATIVE PROGRAM 0006 0704 HEGDE, R.K. 0539 ICRISAT, NIGER COOPE- JONES, R.M. 0982

236 JONES, V.L. 0263 KHAN, K.M. 0111 0475 JORDAN, C.M. 0437 KHAN, P.A. 0474 KUMAR, K.K. 0476 0976 0475 0477 JORDAN, H. 0816 KHANDALE, D.Y. 0715 KUMAR, M.U. 0511 JORDAN, J.L. 0437 0769 KUMAR, P. 0087 0976 KHANDURI, S.K. 0473 0116 0117 0118 JORDAN, L.S. 0437 KHARE, M.N. 0651 KUMAR, R.S. 0i19 0976 KHERA, M.S. 0236 0120 0152 0521 JORDAN, P. 0395 0239 KUMAR, R.U. 0328 JOSHI, H.C. 0374 KHOSLA, B.K. 0171 KUMAR, U. 0130 JOSHI, N.L. 0052 KHOTYANOVICH, A.V. 0177 KUMARI, I.M. 0575 JOSHI,Y.D. 0039 KIM, B.D. 0112 KUNASEKARAN, V. 0523 JOTWANI, M.G. 0344 KING, D.H. 0135 KURTSEVA, A.F. 0600 KACHROO, A. 0233 KING, K.R. 0958 KUWATA, H. 0429 KALAKOTI, B.S. 0456 KINSELLA, J. 0673 0430 KAMOI, 1. 0662 KIRKLAND, K.J. 0984 LAKSHMI, K.V. 0114 KAMPRAT11, E.J. 0796 KISHORE, P. 0344 0121 KANAUJIA, R.S. 0303 KITAMURA, H. 0514 LAKSHMI, K.V.J. 0306 KANCHANA, S. 0549 KITAMURA, Y. 0693 LAKSHMI, N. 0159 KANLHARI, J. 0310 0694 0977 LAL, S. 0154 KANDPAL, R.P. 0471 KITUR, B.K. 0637 LALL, M. 0529 0472 KLEIFELD, Y. 0845 LAREDO C., M.A. 0752 KANEKO, M. 0435 KLEINHEISTER-KEMP, I. 0794 LAUBE, B.C. 0978 KANEMASU, E.T. 0198 KNAPP, J.L. 0943 LAXMI, V. 0122 KANODIA, K.C. 0985 KOBAL'CHUK, G.N. 0575 IAZZARI, M.A. 0645 KANWAR, R.S. 0817 KODURU, P.R.K. 0113 LE STRANGE, M. 0836 KAPOOR, K.N. 0345 0114 0121 LEBLANC, J.M. 0026 0346 0353 KOGURE, K. 0505 LEE, K.J. 0112 KAPOOR, R.L. 0087 0506 LEIBHOLZ, J. 0944 0090 0110 0116 0117 0118 KOLEOSO, O.A. 0396 LEIDERMAN, L. 0671 0149 KOMBA, A.L. 0277 LENG, E.R. 0017 KAPUSTA, G. 0912 KONDAP, S.M. 0533 LEON, J.J. 0955 KARUNAJEEWA, H. 0387 KORWAR, G.R. 0290 LEON, L.A. 0783 KARWASRA, R.R. 0154 KOSHI, P.T. 0880 0788 KASSEL, P.C. 0878 KOSTANTINOV, S.I. 0570 LEONARD, M.K. 0945 KATAOKA, K. 0435 KOTHANDARAMAN, G.V. 0492 LEUJSHIN, S.G.. 0388 KATARIA, P.K. 0304 0521 LEVAKHIN, V.I. 0388 KATIYAR, O.P. 0623 KOTHMANN, M.M. 0691 LEWIS, W.F. 0946 KATIYAR, R.D. 0547 KRETSCHMER, A.E., JR. 0695 LIANG, J.C. 0753 KATIYAR, R.K. 0074 KRETSCHMER, K.F. 0399 0754 KATOH, K. 0552 KRISHNA KUMARI, K. 0397 LIMA, A.F. 0781 KAUSHIK, S.K. 0234 KRISHNA KUMARI, M. 0236 LIN, C.Y. 0034 0512 0513 KRISHNA, K.R. 0496 LINNIK, V.M. 0570 KAWASE, M. 0634 KRISHNA, Y.S.R. 0166 LITTELL, R.C. 0939 KAZI, S.K. 0331 0204 0957 0963 KAZIM, M. 0418 KRISHNAPPA, K. 0543 LIU, F.S. 0395 KELLAWAY, R.C. 0944 KRYLOV, A.V. 0338 LIU, Y. 0352 0960 KU, M.S.B. 0565 LIYANAGE, L.V.K. 0789 KELLNER, E. 0582 0566 0830 0870 LOBATO, E. 0796 KENNEDY, R.A. 0438 KU, S.B. 0871 LOHIDAS, T. 0510 0439 0444 0447 0835 KUKADIA, M.U. 0115 LONGLY, B. 0782 KENYA:MINISTRY OF 0486 LOPEZ, M. 0818 AGRICULTURE 0016 KULP, K. 0604 LORENZ, K. 0604 KERRIDGE, P.C. 0879 0605 0605 KESWANI, C.L. 0264 KULPA, W. 0556 LOUANT, B.P. 0782 KEY, J.L. 0034 KUMAI, S. 0432 LOUVEL, D. 0323 KHACHATUROVA, L.V. 0373 KUMAR, A. 0317 LU, C.E. 0628 KHAIRWAL, I.S. 0110 0696 0787 0881 0882 0632 KHAN, I.A. 0235 KUMAR, K.B. 0474 LU, C.L. 0883

237 LUDEKE, K.L. 0852 MASHINGAIDZE, K. 0123 MILLER, S.D. 0981 LUDLOW, M.M. 0697 MASON, L. 0389 0983 LUELLEN, W.R. 0589 MASTROCOLA, M.A. 0791 MILLS, R.B. 0332 LUIS, E.S. 0607 MATHAN, K.K. 0491 0359 0608 0609 0515 0516 MINATELLI, J.A. 0453 LUNDAHL, M. 0403 MATHUR, P.N. 0214 MINOCHA, J.L. 0079 LUZINA, Z.P. 0577 MATHUR, R.B. 0361 0128 LWOGA, A.B. 0755 MATHUR, S. 0361 MINOTTI, P.L. 0454 MACESAN, D. 0582 MATHUR, S.B. 0307 MISANGU, R. 0270 MACHADO, H. 0884 0310 MISHRA, D.K. 0620 MACHADO, J.O. 0719 MATIMATI, T. 0277 MISHRA, H.R. 0765 MACHADO, R.C.R. 0793 MATOCHA, J.E. 0855 MISLEVY, P. 0819 MACKENZIE, J. 0885 MATSUIOTO, H. 0440 0947 MAGALHAES, F.M.M. 0722 MATSUMOTO, S. 0662 MISRA, G. 0837 MAHAL, S.S. 0206 MATSUYAMA, A. 0552 MISRA, U.S. 0346 MAHALAKSHMI, V. 0030 MATSUYA,., D.T. 0739 0353 0048 0049 0050 0053 MATTOS, ll.B. DE 0762 MITSUHASHI, K. 0451 MAHATAB, S.N. 0756 MAY, K.W. 0268 MITTAL, S.B. 0248 MAHILSHI, D.M. 0635 0269 0270 MIYAGI, E. 0888 MAINA, S. 0404 MAYEE, C.D. 0324 0889 MAISAIA, 1.1. 0564 MAYER, R. 0885 MIYASHITA, K. 0450 HAITI, B.K. 0614 MC CLINTOCK, M.B. 0951 MO, H. 0190 MAJID, A.B.A. 0676 MC CLUNG, C.R. 0961 MOCHRIE, R.D. 0915 MAKAROV, L.KH. 0583 MC CORMICK, W.C. 0948 MOHANKUMAR, K.C. 0182 MAKENA, M.M. 0265 MC CULLY, W.G. 0880 MOIR, K.W. 0701 MALI :MINISTERE DE MC IVOR, J.G. 0682 MOLINA LINCE, B. 0734 L'AGRICULTURE 0018 0699 0811 MONDOT-BERNARD, J. 0394 MALIK, D.S. 0028 MC KERSIE, B.D. 0890 MONKS, D.W. 0843 0197 0200 0266 MC MURPHY, W.E. 0886 MONSON, W.G. 0948 MALIK, R.K. 0054 MC NWUGHTON, S.J. 0921 MONTEIRO, P.V. 0659 0295 MC NEVIN, G.R. 0590 0660 MALIWAL, G.L. 0193 0591 0592 MONTEITH, J.L. 0041 MALLA, M.L. 0267 MEAGHER, R.L. JR. 0332 0042 0488 MECHE, G.A. 0914 MONTGOMERY, C.R. 0389 MALLANNA, K.N. 0507 0959 MONZOTE, M. 0820 MALLESHI, N.G. 0550 MEDEIROS, J. DA C. 0684 MOORE, F.D. 0380 MALLIKARJUNAIAH, R.R. 0178 0685 MOORE, J.E. 0804 MALLIKARJUNARADHYA, K. 0507 MEENAKSHI, K. 0485 0827 MANDAL, B.B. 0757 MEHMOOD, T. 0305 MOORTHY, B.T.S. 0526 0758 MEHRA, K.L. 0124 MOORTHx, K.K.K. 0492 MANDAL, B.K. 0526 MEHTA, R.K. 0021 0494 0767 MANGA, V. 0139 MELKANIA, N.P. 0374 MOOSO, G.D. 0702 MANN, S.K. 0483 MELLOR, W. 0887 0704 0534 MELO, M.T. 0920 MORENO, M.A. 0793 MANNETJE, L. 0687 MENDEZ-CRUZ, A.V. 0919 MOTT, G.O. 0819 HANOHARAN, V. 0571 MENDOZA M., P.E. 0752 MOTT, J.J. 0811 MANTHEY, D.R. 0979 MENDRA, K. 0795 MOYE, H.A. 0804 MANURUNG, T. 0990 MENEZES, G.M. DE 0746 MOYSE, A. 0055 MARCHAIS, L. 0205 MENGESHA, M.H. 0125 MRETA, R.A.D. 0264 MARIOTTI, A. 0055 0126 0127 0142 MUCHENA, S.C. 0123 MARIOTTI, F. 0055 MERKLE, O.G. 0364 MUGABE, N.R. 0271 MARKUS, R. 0964 MERTENS, A. 0362 MUKERJI, S.K. 0765 MARLOWE, G.W.C. 0705 MESHCHERINA, V.A. 0237 MUKHERJEE, A.K. 0250 MARSCHKE, R.J. 0868 MICHAEL, J.L. 0980 0757 0758 MARTIN, F.G. 0819 MICHELMORE, R.W. 0325 MUKHERJEE, D. 0045 MARTIN, P.B. 0849 MIDDLETON, C.H. 0700 MUKHERJI, P. 0129 MARTIN, P.C. 0698 0887 MULDOON, D.K. 0135 MARTINEZ, L.H. 0743 MILAM, J.R. 0957 0441 0442 MARTINS, M.S. 0740 MILLER, I.L. 0790 MULTANI, D.S. 0128

238 MUNGARE, T.S. 0493 NATH, M. HUNGSE, 0545 O'TOOLE, J.C. H.B. 0130 NATION, J.L. 0449 MUNOZ, D. 0884 0813 OAKES, A.J. NAUTIYAL, S. 0528 (824 MUNOZ, E. OBARA, T. 0662 0816 NAVAlE, P.A. 0457 MHRALIKRISHNA, G. 0419 OBI, M.E. 0891 0616 OCUMPAUCH, MURATA, T. 0480 W.R. 0804 NAVARRO, G. 0890 0892 NAVARRO, R.V. 0827 MURDOCH, C.L. 0847 0669 OHNO, Y. NDAHI, W.B. 0293 0450 MURTAGH, G.J. 0759 OHSAKA, N. 0430 NDOYE, A. 0019 OHSUGI, 0760 R. 0480 NDOYE, A.T. 0097 MURTHY, K.K. 0272 0892 0131 OIKAWA, MURTHY, T.G.K. 0114 T. 0427 NDOYE, M.B. 0019 0428 0431 0121 NEELAKANTAN, S. 0771 MURTHY, Y.V.N. 0533 NEERGAARD, OKADA, T. 0893 MURTI, p. 0307 T.K. 0599 NEGI, H.C.S. 0894 0895 0896 0029 OKIMURA, I. 0615 NEKRASOVA, 0514 MURTY, B.R. L.V. 0373 OKIROR, S.O. 0092 NELSON, J.E. 0878 0133 0093 OKOLO, A.A. 0201 0151 NELSON, L.A. 0572 MURTY, J.V.V.S.N. 0139 OKON, Y. 0180 MURTY, 0607 0608 0609 K.N. 0368 NELSON, S.D. 0638 0639 MUTHUSAMY, S. 0316 0702 OKONKWO, J.C. 0208 MUTHUVEL, 0704 OKUMA, M. P. 0494 NEPAL:AGRICULTURAL 0933 OLATUNJI, MYERS, G.E. 0878 PROJECTS 0. 0396 SERVICE OLIVA, 0. NABINGER, C. 0950 CENTRE 0683 NABORS, M.W. 0405 OLIVEIRA, J.R. DA C. 0562 NEPAL:NATIONAL MAIZE 0684 0563 DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 0685 NADA, Y. 0982 0465 OLIVEIRA, L.A. 0722 NETIS, I.T. 0583 OLIVEIRA, NADERMAN, G.C. 0796 P.R.P. DE 0791 NETKE, S.P. 0663 NAG, J.P. 0367 NEUFFER, M.G. OLUBAJO, F.O. 0735 NAGAO, 0132 OPLINGER, E.S. 0970 5. 0506 NEWMAN, R. NAGARAJAN, C. 0395 OREN, Y. 0949 0072 NICHOLS, R.L. 0848 NAGARAJU 0508 OSMAN, A.E. 0897 NICOL, D.C. 0705 OUEDRAOGO, AGESHCR NDRA, B.K. 0544 NICOU, P.M. 0709 R. 0207 OZIAS-AKINS, NAGRE, K.T. 0238 NIGERIA:INSTITUTE P. 0181 NAIDU, PADVL, N.N. EV. 0150 FOR AGRICULTURAL 0601 AIK, C.S.K. PADILLA, C. 0872 0232 RESEARCH 0020 NAIR, M.S. 0703 0898 NAIR, R.V. 0274 PAIDA, V.J. 0209 0703 NIKITINA, E.V. 0600 NAKAJIMA, M. 0451 PAIM, N.R. 0950 NIRMAN, X.P.S. 0406 PAL, NAKAMOTO, H. 0565 M. 0234 NISHIHIRA, T. 0706 0566 0251 0252 NAKAMURA, 0707 0708 M. 0933 NISHIMOTO, PAL, R.N. 0547 NAKAT, R.K. 0847 PALADINES, R.V. 0715 NISHIMURA, 0. 0794 S. 0706 PALL, B.S. 0769 0651 NALEWAJA, 0707 0708 J.D. 0971 NITSCH, C. PAMERON, F.P. 0669 0132 PAN, Q.Q. 0979 0981 0983 NITTA, 0395 NAMBIAR, P.T.C. H. 0536 PANCHAKSHARAPPA, 0179 NNKO, E.N. 0275 M.G. 0056 NANJAPPA, H.V. 0530 NOLAN, 0062 AQVI, J.C. 0739 PANDE, B.C. H.H. 0292 NORMAN, M.J.T. 0652 NARAIN, U. 0135 PANDE, P.N. 0838 0622 NORTON, B.W. 0800 NARANG, R.S. 0206 PANDEY, K.N. 0535 NARASIMHAM, 0803 0834 R.L. 0060 NOUT, M.J.R. 0652 NARAYANASWAMY, 0551 PANDYA, B.C. 054.2 NOVICK, S.M. 0294 N.J. 0181 PANGTEY, NARKHEDE, P.L. 0165 NWASIKE, Y.P.S. 0456 NASCIMENTO C. 0276 PANTULU, J.V. JUNIOR, NYAMBO, D.B. 0075 D. DO 0277 0920 O'CONNOR, M.B. 0134 0141 NASH, 0390 PANWAR, R.S. A.S. 0821 O'LEARY, 0295 M.H. 0925 PARAMAHANS, NATARAJAN, M. 0273 O'NEILL, S.V. 0419 NATARAJU, C. 0395 S.P. 0478 O'SULLIVAN, P.A. 0625 0984 PARETAS, J.J. 0770

239 0818 POPLI, S. 0370 RAMMAH, A. 0768 0517 PARMAR, M.T. 0209 PORTER, D.J. 0593 RANGAMANNAR, K.T.V. K.G. 0537 PARODA, R.S. 0153 POTTER, J.W. 0823 RANGANATHIAH, 0495 PARRY, D.W. 0657 POWELL, C.L. 0497 RANGASWAMI, G. 0658 0661 POWELL, J. 0859 RANGASWAMY, P. 0210 0102 PARSONS, L.R. 0943 PRABHU, M.S.C. 0058 RANJEKAR, P.K. 0138 PARVATHI, K. 0183 PRADET, A. 0026 0241 PARVATHY, K. 0629 PRAKASH, V. 0532 RAO, A.C.S. 0537 PATEL, J.R. 0193 PRASAD, A.K. 0574 RAO, A.N.S. PATEL, R.K. 0624 PRASAD, B.L. 0057 0538 0539 0540 0060 PATEL, R.R. 0193 0058 RAO, A.S. 0183 PATEL, U.G. 0115 PRASAD, K. 0522 0172 0166 PATHAK, V.N. 0304 PRASAD, K.S.K. 0543 RAO, B.V.R. 0334 PRASAD, L.K. 0765 RAO, C.H. 0211 0253 PATHMANABHAN, G. 0509 PRASAD, M.G. 0524 0253 PATIL, C.B. 0165 PRASAD, M.V.S. 0525 RAO, D.G. 0216 0217 PRASAD, R. 0610 RAO, D.M.V.P. 0502 0660 PATIL, R.R. 0513 PRECHEUR, R.J. 0900 RAO, D.R. 0500 PATIL, T.T. 0381 PREMACHANDRAN, M.N. 0100 RAO, D.S.K. 0382 PRITCHARD, K. 0135 RAO, G.G.S.N. 0166 0481 PATRA, D.P. 0239 PU, S.S. 0628 RAO, H.N. PATRO, G.K. 0531 PU, Z.S. 0632 RAO, K.C. 0491 0515 0516 PATTABIRAMAN, T.N. 0035 PUENTE, J.N. 0901 0036 0481 PUROHIT, A.N. 0473 RAO, K.E.P. 0127 PAUL, M.D. 0653 PUSHPAMMA, P. 0397 RAO, M.A. 0519 PAWAR, C.P. 0455 PUTNAM, A.R. 0595 RAO, M.K. 0113 0457 PUTTASWAMY, H.C. 0479 0114 0121 0134 PAWAR, M.N. 0325 QADAR, A. 0039 RAO, M.R. 0179 0526 PAWAR, V.S. 0088 QUARIN, C.L. 0929 RAO, M.V. PEARSON, C.J. 0065 0952 RAO, M.V.S. 0139 0471 0135 0229 0441 0442 0761 QUARRIE, S.A. 0027 RAO, N.A. 0472 PEDREIRA, J.V.S. 0762 0059 0136 0184 PEDREIRA, P.A.S. 0779 QUEIROZ FILHO, J.L. DE 0714 RAO, N.S.S. PEMADASA, M.A. 0731 QUENCEZ, P. 0902 0185 0732 0763 0764 0903 RAO, P.G. 0519 0140 PENCE, V.C. 0181 RADHAKRISHNA, P. 0182 RAO, P.J. 0075 PENCOE, N.L. 0849 RAGHU, J.S. 0420 RAO, P.S.R.L.N. PERCIVAL, N.S. 0951 RAGUPATHI, N. 0316 0141 0231 PEREIRA, R.M. 0722 RAHMAN, M.A. 0644 RAO, R.K. PEREZ INFANTE, F. 0710 RAI, B. 0578 RAO, R.S. 0517 0187 PEREZ, J. 0872 0579 RAO, R.V.S. 0125 PERNES, J. 0031 RAl, K.N. 0071 RAO, S.A. 0032 0137 0126 0127 0142 0211 PETERS, R.A. 0815 RAl, P. 0985 RAO, U.M.B. 0822 RAJAN, M.S.S. 0584 RAO, V.K. 0173 D.E. 0711 RAJBHANDARY, G.R. 0466 RAO, V.P. 0335 PETERSON, 0336 E. 0403 RAJPUT, M.A. 0111 PETERSSON, 0484 PHILLIPS, S.M. 0853 RAJPUT, O.P. 0280 RAO, V.R 0518 PHUL, P.S. 0038 RAJU, D.S.P. 0036 RAO, Y.H. 0519 0076 0098 0099 RAJU, K.V. 0499 M.A. 0424 PIERI, C. 0240 0501 0502 RASHED, 0278 RAJU, V.T. 0407 0426 B.K. 0281 PIKE, C.S. 0899 RAKES, A.H. 0766 RASTOGI, D. 0879 PIMENTEL, D.M. 0988 RAKKIYAPPAN, P. 0767 RATCLIFF, RATCLIFFE, R.H. 0824 PINEDO RUIZ, W. 0712 RAM, S.A. 0829 0713 RAMANATHAN, K.M. 0521 RATHI, K.S. 0297 PITMAN, W.D. 0457 A.P. 0279 RAMAYYA, B. 0501 RATHOD, R.K. POGREBNYAK, 0616 POKHRIYAL, S.C. 0093 RAMESH, C.R. 0326 K.C. 0406 0151 0383 RAMLI, K. 0676 RAUT,

240 0502 RAVEENDRAN, T.S. 0072 RITTER, M. 0339 0485 RITTER, R.L. 0689 SARR, A. 0063 0655 SARROCA, J. 0770 RAWAL, D.R. 0235 ROBERTS, W.K. 0940 0898 G.S. 0456 ROBINSON, D.L. RAWAT, 0941 SARVAIYA, R.B. 0486 RAWAT, R.R. 0624 0702 SARWAR, H.A.K. 0368 RAWLINGS, J.. 0915 ROBISON, L.R. SASAKI, T. 0450 RAWSON, J.R.Y. 0061 0704 0068 RODRIGUEZ, A. 0772 SASTRI, A.S.R.A.S. 0166 0358 SASTRY, K.K. 0130 RAYMOND, P. 0026 ROORDA, F.A. 0380 SASTRY, K.S.K. 0511 READ, J.C. 0904 ROOS, E.E. SASTRY, P.G. 0501 REDDI, G.H.S. 0510 ROQUIB, M.A. 0758 0518 0584 ROSA, F.V. 0719 0502 0429 0140 ROSS, C.G. 0408 SATOH, N. REDDI, V. 0430 C.N. 0533 ROZANSKI, A., 0671 REDDY, E.S. 0688 REDDY, D.R. 0502 RUBIN, D. 0949 SAUNDERS, SAVIDAN, Y. 0907 REDDY, D.S. 0500 RUDRAMUNIYAPPA, C.K. 0056 SAVIDAN, Y.H. 0908 REDDY, G.B. 0533 0062 SAXENA, Y. 0367 REDDY, G.S. 0510 RUELKE, O.C. 0827 0267 REDDY, G.V. 0499 RUHAL, D.S. 0242 SAYRE, K.D. S.C. 0827 REDDY, H.R. 0540 RUMPHO, M.E. 0438 SCHANK, 0939 0957 REDDY, K.R. 0584 0439 0443 0444 M.A.M. 0988 REDDY, M.A. 0306 RUSS, O.G. 0711 SCHENK, J.F. 0351 REDDY, M.G.R. 0519 RUTHERFORD, M.C. 0678 SCHLEURING, P. 0414 REDDY, M.N 0510 RUWALI, K.N. 0145 SCHMIDT, 0840 REDDY, M.S. 0179 RYU, N.H. 0460 SCHNEIDER, F.M. 0259 0282 SACCOL, A.V. 0839 SCHOFFL, F. 0034 M.M. 0989 REDDY, N.R. 0500 0840 SCHREIBER, 0445 REDDY, N.S. 0143 SACHDEVA, A.K. 0146 SCHRODER, J. 0135 REDDY, N.V. 0257 SADARIA, S.G. 0209 SCHROEDER, G. 0283 SADASIVAM, S. 0629 SCHROLL, R.E. 0989 REDDY, P.M. 0499 SAFEEULIA, K.M. 0307 SCHULTEN, G.G.M. 0358 0584 0326 0327 0328 SCHULTZ, R.D. 0909 0556 REDDY, P.R. 0519 SAGAR, P. 0147 SCHULTZE-MOTEL, J. 0828 REDDY, S.N. 0520 SAH, M. 0652 SCIARAPPA, W.J. JR. 0953 REDDY, S.R. 0499 SAHU, N. 0742 SCIFRES, C.J. 0500 SAIBRO, J.C. DE 0714 SEETHARAM, A. 0421 REDDY, T.B. 0518 SAINI, R.S. 0021 0422 0468 0635 0640 0359 REDDY, T.Y. 0518 0128 SEIFELNASR, Y.E. 0584 SAITO, S.Y. 0679 SEIFFERT, N.F. 0792 0424 REDDY, Y.V.R. 0281 SAKA, H. 0423 SELIM, A.K.A. REDFERN, A.J. 0790 SAKAMOTO, S. 0634 0426 REED, C. 0332 SAKSENA, H.K. 0541 SEMALI, A. 0990 REES, M.C. 0825 SALCEDO, I.H. 0243 SEN, C.K. 0527 0826 SALDANHA, E.M. 0740 SEN, D.N. 0288 REGER, B.J. 0144 SALUNKE, S.S. 0165 SENEGAL:BANQ. CENTR. OUEST 0409 REID, M.G. 0212 SAMPAIO, E.V.S.B. 0243 ETATS AFRIQUE 0412 REIMER, D. 0739 SANDANAM, S. 0717 0410 0411 RELWANI, L.L. 0391 0718 SENEGAL:SOC. MISE 0715 0769 SANDOVAL, C.R. 0719 VAL. AGRICOLE CASAM- 0022 RELYEA, D.I. 0453 SANGSTER, A.G. 0658 ANCE 0723 RENNER, K.A. 0594 SANTOS, R.P. DOS 0840 SERRAO, E.A.S. 0246 RENVOIZE, S.A. 0905 SANWAL, G.G. 0545 SETHI, B.C. 0542 REYES, T.T. 0670 SAONO, J.K.D. 0552 SETTY, K.G.H. REYNOLDS, D.A. 0986 SAPRE, A.B. 0425 SHAH, C.B. 0193 0458 REYNOLDS, S.G. 0716 SAPRYKIN, V.S. 0580 SHAH, N.K. 0459 RIBOLDI, J. 0714 SARDA, C. 0083 0487 RICK, S.K. 0987 SAREEN, P.K. 0084 SHANKAR, T.D. 0057 RIEDL, R.R. 0874 SARKAR, S.N. 0467 SHANTHAMMA, C. 0058 RILEY, R.D. 0906 SARMA, D.A. 0501

241 0772 SHARMA, A. 0534 SINGH, L.P. 0773 SOLANO, R. 0573 SHARMA, H.C. 0347 SINGH, M. 0214 SOLDATOV, A.F. 0348 0363 0242 0244 0245 0246 0247 SOMARATNE, A. 0717 0718 SHARMA, K.D. 0296 0248 0541 0622 0250 SHARMA, N.N. 0574 SINGH, N. 0247 SONI, P.N. 0371 SHARMA, O.P. 0333 SINGH, N.B. 0158 SOCd, D.R. 0773 SHARMA, R.K. 0143 0337 SOOD, M.P. 0334 SINGH, 0. 0620 SOTERES, J.K. 0911 SHARMA, S. 0173 SINGH, O.P. 0346 SOTOMAYOR-RIOS, A. 0919 SHARP, W.C. 0863 0353 SOUTH AFRICA:DEPARTM- 0910 SINGH, P. 0071 ENT OF AGRICULTURE 0023 SHAW, N.H. 0687 0110 0194 0372 SOUZA, H.M.F. 0793 0854 SHEPHERD, A.D. 0375 SINGH, R. 0191 SPIES, J.J. SHEPHERD, R. 0809 0285 SQUIRE, G.R. 0041 0042 SHERIDAN, W.F. 0132 SINGH, R.B 0119 SHETTY, B.S. 0307 0120 0152 SRIRAM, C. 0215 0327 0328 SINGH, R.K. 0249 SRIVASTAVA, D.P. 0619 SHETTY, S.V.R. 0829 0286 0462 SRIVASTAVA, M. 0158 SHIEH, Y.J. 0830 SINGH, R.M. 0119 0337 SHIMADA, K. 0429 0120 0129 0152 STARKS, K.J. 0350 0430 SINGH, R.P. 0195 0354 0364 SHIMIZU, N. 0480 0204 0541 0621 STEWART, B.A. 0378 0841 SINGH, S. 0194 STHAPIT, B.R. 0527 SHINGTE, A.K. 0493 0406 STOBB, T.H. 0697 SHIROLE, S.M. 0599 SINGH, S.D. 0313 STOCKDALE, C.R. 0958 0615 0616 SINGH, S.N. 0219 STOOP, W.A. 0287 0912 SHIVARAJ, B. 0481 SINGH, S.P. 0251 STOUGAARD, B. SHRIVASTAVA, U.L. 0213 0252 0532 STREX, H.J. 0446 0880 SHUKLA, T.N. 0541 SINGH, U.B. 0648 STUBBENDIECK, J. 0622 SINGH, U.P. 0119 STUTH, J.W. 028 0630 SHUKLA, U.C. 0225 0120 0152 SU, D.Y. SHURPALEKAR, K.S. 0549 SINGH, U.R. 0648 SU, Q. 0190 0721 SIBBICK, R. 0809 SINGH, U.S. 0064 SUAREZ, A.G. SIBUGA, K.P. 0271 SINGHVI, N.R. 0296 SUBBIAH, B.V. 0067 0521 SIDANA, K.L. 0296 SINHA, A. 0613 SUBBIAH, S. 0142 SIDHU, A.S. 0230 SINHA, B.P. 0469 SUBRAMANIAN, V. 0328 SIDHU, J.S. 0128 SINHA, M.N. 0231 SUBRAMANYA, S. 0450 SIEBERT, J.D. 0148 SINJE,M.E. 0271 SUGAWARA, A. 0139 SIEWEDT, L. 0832 SIRASKAR, R.D. 0324 SUKHADEV, P. 0372 SIMON, P.J.M. 0954 SIREGAR, M.E. 0720 SUKHIJA, P.S C.Y. 0040 SINGH, A.P. 0248 0784 SULLIVAN, 0607 SINGH, B.P. 0244 SIROHI, G.S. 0145 SULLIVAN, T.W. 0245 0246 SISTACHS, M. 0955 0608 0609 0309 SINGH, C.S. 0184 SIVAKUMAR, M.V.K. 0163 SUNDARAM, N.V. 0185 0167 0829 SURVE, D.P. 0088 0174 SINGH, D.P. 0297 SIVANESAN, A. 0308 SWINDALE, L.D. R. 0722 SINGH, D.V. 0413 SIVASUBRAMANIAN, V. 0571 SYLVESTER-BRADLEY, 059 SINGH, F. 0146 SLIFE, F.W. 0631 SZALAI, S. 0432 0149 0966 0987 TAJI, K. K. 0662 SINGH, G. 0150 SLOGER, C. 0961 TAKANO, TAKKAR, P.N. 0228 SINGH, G.S. 0610 SMART, G.C. JR. 0812 L.E. 0915 SINGH, J.N. 0151 0813 TALBERT, B.S. 0030 J.P. 0227 SMEDA, R.J. 0595 TALUKDAR, SINGH, 0489 0284 0391 SMIRNOVA, L.V. 0373 TAMANG, D.P. 0490 0191 SMilh, A.E. 0956 SINGH, K. 0739 0771 SMITH, R.L. 0939 TAMIMI, Y.N. 0957 TANDON, J.P. 0374 SINGH, K.C. 0204 0459 0522 0532 SINGH, K.M. 0488 SMITH, V.E. 0414 TAO, C. 0400 SINGH, K.P. 0837 SNYDER, G.H. 0695

242 TAYLOR, R.W. 0913 UTLEY, P.R. 0948 VON OPPEN, H. 0407 0914 0959 UWAIFO, A.O. 0393 VON TIESENHAUSEN, TAYLOR, S.E. 0980 VALVERDE S.,C. 0918 I.M.E.V. 0736 TAYLORSON, R.B. 0991 VAN BERKUM, P. 0961 VUONG, H.H. TEIXEIRA FILHO, A.G. 0920 VAN DER 0311 GRTNTEN, M. 0910 0312 TERGAS, L.E. 0794 1AN RENSBURG, G.D.J. 0365 VYAS, K.G. 0294 THABRFW, M.I. 0393 VAN STAVEREN, J.P. 0287 WALIA, A.S. 0206 THAKUR, D.P. 0310 VAN WYK, J.J.P. 0678 WALKER, T.J. 0962 0320 0321 VAN YAHRES, R.D. 0831 THAKUR, R.P. 0963 0313 VANDER ZEE, D. 0447 WALLACE, 0335 0336 VANDERLIP, L.L. 0921 R.L. 0199 WALLER, J.M. 0329 THAPA, H.B. 0462 0208 WANG, D.Y. 0776 THARANATHAN, R.N. 0419 VARADINOV, S.G. 0636 WANG, Y. 0190 0625 VARGAS, L.P.C. 0832 WANI, S.P. 0176 THEODORIDES, T.N. 0065 VARI, A.K. 0155 0186 0187 0188 0189 THIAGO, L.R.L. DE S. 0960 VARMA, S.K. 0191 WANKHEDE, D.B. 0546 0988 VARMA, S.N.P. 0620 WARNES, D.D. THIERSTEIN, G.E. 0597 0299 VARRIANO-MARSTON, E. 0162 WATSCHKE, THOMAS, K. T.L. 0833 0061 0369 0375 0376 WATSON, C. THOMAS, N. 0834 0748 VASIL, I.K. 0156 WATT, THURBON, L.A. 0726 P.N. 0809 0157 0181 0776 0883 TIGANA, L. 0727 0728 0312 VASIL, V. 0156 WEALE, C. TIKHOMIROVA, E.V. 0567 0135 0157 WEAVER, R.W. 0926 TILAK, K.V.B.R. 0184 VEENSTRA, M.A. 0974 WEBB, F.H. 0863 0185 VELASQUEZ, E.R. 0802 WEBER, J.B. 0446 TIMOTHY, D.H. 0741 VELEZ-SANTIAGO, J. 0919 WEBSTER, J.A. 0350 0766 0915 VELOVITCH, J.J 6631 WELLS, H.D. 0315 TINGEY, S.V. 0068 VENKATARAMAN, S. 0331 WELTERLEN, M.S. TIRU, I. 0582 VENKATARAMANA, 0833 S. 0725 WHALLEY, R.D.B. 0727 TISCHLER, C.R. 0916 VENKATESHAPPA, K.M. TIWARI, 0640 0728 A.N. 0297 VENKATESWARLU, J. 0168 TOLEDO, WHEELER, J.L. 0441 J.M. 0723 0218 0219 TOMAR, O.P.S. 0442 0145 VERCAMBRE, B. 0357 WHELAN, W. TOMAR, V.S. 0449 0414 VERMA, B.S. 0280 WHITEMAN, P.C. TONER, P.S. 0197 VERMA, 0795 O.P. 0304 WHITNEY, A.S. 0729 0200 0334 TOMOMATSU, A. 0552 VERMA, S.N.P. 0755 0621 WICKS, G.A. 0674 TORIYAMA, S. 0654 VERMA, U.N. 0574 WIESE, A.F. 0448 TORRACA, S. LA 0722 VESECKY, J.F. 0?74 WILD, A. 0932 TORRES-RIVERA, S. 0919 VIETOR, D.M. 0066 WILDNER, G.F. 0557 TOSH, G.C. 0531 VIJAYALAKSHMI, K. 0173 WILKERSON, C.G. 0068 TOTHILL, J.C. 0724 0195 WILLEY, R.W. 0179 TOULSON, E. 0395 VILELA, D. 0775 0273 TOURE, A. 0024 VILELA, 0282 H. 0920 WILLIAMS, J.L. 0973 TRAORE, M. 0312 VINCENT, G.B. TRIPATHI, 0969 WILLIAMS, R.J. 0313 R.C. 0541 VINCENT, J.F. 0415 TRIPATHI, 0325 0335 0336 R.K. 0064 VIRK, D.S. 0025 WILLIAMS, TRUJILLO GARCIA, W.T. 0699 R. 0774 0130 0158 0319 0337 WILSON, TUCKER, J.R. 0922 D.P.H. 0943 VIRMANI, S.M. 0163 TULLOCH, A.P. 0606 0923 0924 0167 WILSON, R.L. 0354 TYAGI, C.S. 0153 VIRUPAKSHA, T.K. 0660 WILVERT, C. 0777 0154 VISHNUVARDHAN, Z. 0159 WINDHAM, UMASHANKER, R. 0470 VISWANATH, W.R. 0924 H.R. 0511 WINTER, K. 0925 0507 0850 VITTAL, K.P.R. 0067 WOJICK, T.S. UMRANI, N.K. 0216 0886 0195 WONG, C.C. 0923 0217 0298 0646 VOGEL, V.p. 0906 WRIGHT, S.F. UPADHYAYA, M.N. 0188 VOHRA, R.R. 0926 0160 WU, G.Y. 0632 0189 VOIGT, P.W. 0855 XIN, J.L. 0602 USBERTI, R. 0917 0916 XU, H.G. 0641

243 XU, S.R. 0628 YONGFU, L. 0355 0569 0632 YOST, R.S. 0796 ZAVERI, P.P. 0161 YADAV, H.P. 0110 YOUNGNER, V.B. 0945 ZELENSKII, M.I. 0033 YADAV, L.N.S. 0529 YUAN, C. 0190 ZELEZNAK, K. 0162 YADAV, M.S. 0052 YUAN, J.P. 0630 ZHANG, X.W. 0641 YADAV, R.K.S. 0314 YUDINA, E.V. 0575 ZHENG, Y.S. 0642 YADAVA, G.C. 0215 0576 0581 ZHIDKIN, V.I. 0568 YANO, M. 0933 YUSUF, M. 0220 0569 YAROVOI, N.V. 0237 ZAPRAZALKA, J.R. 0822 ZHOU, H. 0190 YAZDANI, S.S. 0603 ZAURALOV, O.A. 0568 ZHOU, P. 0190 ZIMMER, A.H. 0964

244 Subject Index (to)climatic factors,Aultralia 0699 2-4-D, Brachiaria decumbens, India/Hahcrashtra;Pennisetum amer- 0298 (to)Climatic facturo,Australia; icanumWeed control, 0699 Brachiaria humidicola, 2-4-D; (to)Climatic factors,Australia; Pennisetum americanum,Cyperus rot- 0699 0297 Digitaria milanjiana, undus,Control, (to)Climatic factors,Australia; Pennisetum americanum,Triantbema 0699 0297 Digitaria smu'.sii, monogyna,Control, (to)Climatic factors,Australia.; 2-4-D:Neburon; 0530 Paspalum plicatulum, leusine coracana,Weed control, Adaptation, 4-D:Simazine:Alacblor; 2 0533 Trials;Penuisetum americanum,Vari Eleusine coracana,Weed control, 0105 eties, ABA, Additives, Measurement;PennisetUM 4mLricanum, americaum, 0059 Effect,Brazil;Pennisetum Leaves/Sap, 0385 americanum,Genoty- Silage,Digestibility, Role;Pennisetum Effect,Brazil;Pennisetum americanum, resistance. 0027 0364 pes,Drought Silage quality, ABA:IAA, purpureum, milia- Effect,Brazil;Pennisetum Cooling,Effect,USSR;Panicum value, 0775 0569 Silage quality:Nutritiva ceum, purpureum x Pen ion, Effect;Pennisetum ABA/Accumulat nisetum americanum,Hybrids,Silage, variation:Water strese, 0771 Diurnal Chemical composition, Effect;Pennisetum americanumLea- 0049 Adjuncts see, yes, &dditives Svaluation;Pennisetum awericanum, Adsorption, HybridR, 0046 Isotherm.(for)Potassium;Pennisetum americanum, 0136 0060 Inheritance;Pennisetum americanumRoots, AC 206-784; 0984 Advisory services see, Setaria viridisControl, Extension acid see, Abscisic Aflatoxins, 0393 ABA ContentAnalysis;Millets, Absorpti:on, Africa, Compaw:ison;EchinochloA crus-galli, 0734 0446 Theses;Pennisetumrption: Diges tib iIi purpureumConsuty.Lamb s. Ac erAlachlor:MetolacblCr,ia, Africa; miliaceum, 0602 0003 China;Panicum Millets,Flours,Uses, Acetonps, Millets,Training, 0002 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Seed 0003 emergence, 0029 0339 germination:Seedling Pennisetum americanum,Heterodera, reduction, Acetylene Pennisetum americanum,Nematode (by)Bacteria,Variations,Evaluation; infections, 033w Pennisetum americanum, 0175 Africa(Sabelian zone) see, Acid phosphatase:Proteins:Pyrophosp- Sahel hatasesy Africa see also, Water stressEffect;Eletsine cora- 0471 Burundi canaSeedlings, Cameroon soils; Acid Egypt Eleusine coracanaYieldsLiming: Sahel Magnesium fertilizers:Potassium Southern Africa fertilizers,Effect, 0515 West Africa Acidosis/Rumen, Aging of seeds see, (in)Buffalo calf;Eleusine coracana, 0548 Seed aging Feeds, Agricultural engineering, ignefusalis/Resistance, 0300 Acigona Botswana;Peunisetum americanum, EvaluationMali;Pennisetum americ- 0351 Agiicultural systems see, anum,Varieties, Farming systems Adaptability, (to)Calcareous soils;Eragrostis 0855 curvuli,

SPage B Agroclimatic regions, Alanine aminotransferase:Aspartate USSR;Panicum miliaceum,Cultivation, 0576 aminotransferase, Agroclimatology, Benzadox,Effect;Panicum miliaceum, Semiarid zones;Pennisetum america- Leaves, 0565 num, 0164 0566 Agroforestry system; Albino rat see, Pennisetum americanum,Yields, 0258 Rat Agronomic characteristics, Alcohol dehydrogenase, Combining ability,Analysis;Pennis- Activity;Echinochloa oryzicola, etum americanum,Hybrids, 0149 Seeds, 0835 Comparison;Pennisetum americanum, Activity;Pennisetum americanum, Populations:Progeny, 0092 Phenotypes, 0078 Genetic analysis;Pennisetum ameri- Alcohol dehydrogenase/Mobility, canum, 0146 Structural genes,Effect;Pennisetum India;Eleusine coracana,Genetic americanum, 077 variation, 0486 Alcoholic beverages; Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect;Penni- Millets,Halt,Fermentation, 0398 setum americanum,Genotypes, 0146 Alcoholic beverages see also, Agronomic characteristics; Beers Panicum miliaceum,Genotypes,Genetic Wines variation, 0571 Aleurone layer, Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Gene Silicon/Deposition,Analysis,China; interaction, 0149 Setaria italica,Seeds, 0657 Agronomic characteristics:Grain yield, Alfisols, Relationship;Pennisetum americanum, 0201 Semiarid zones,India;Eleuvine cor Agronomic characteristics:Yields, acana,Cropping systems, 0286 Correlation analysis;Pennisetum Semiarid zones,India;Pennisetum americanum,Inbred lines, 0129 americanum,Cropping systems, 0286 Seed size:Seedling vigour,Effect; Semiarid zones,India;Setaria ital Pennisetum americanum, 0038 icaCropping systems, 0286 Agronomic characteristics see also, Alfisols:Vertisols; Plant height Pennisetum americanum,Root distri Seed weight bution:Soil profiles:Water balance, Agronomic practices, Relationship, 0194 (under)Dry farming,India;Millets, Alkali soils see, Yield increases, 0218 Alkaline soils Agronomic practices; Sodic soils Millets,Water stress,Control, 0219 Alkaline soils, Pennisetum americanum,Yields, 0216 India/Uttar Pradesh;Brachiaria Agronomy, mutica,(for)Reclamation, 0787 Resecrch,India;Pennisetum america- Alkalinity:Salinity, num, 0202 Effect,India/Haryana;Panicum mili Air moisture see also, are,Germination, 0613 Relative humidity Allelopathy, Air temperature:Precipitation, Pakistan;Pauicum ant'dotale:Bothr Effect,USSR;Panicum miliaceum,Plant iochloa pervusa, 0292 height, 0577 Pakistan;Panicum antidotale:Cench Alachlor; rus ciliaris, 0292 Panicum maximum,Control, 0862 Pakistan;Pennisetum americanum: Alachlor:2, Bothriochloa pertusa, 0292 4-D:Simazine;Eleusine coracana, Pakistan;Pennisetum americanum: Weed control, 0533 Cenchrus ciliaris, 0292 Alachlor:Metolachlor, Pakistan;Setaria italica:Bothrioc Abs&rption,Comparison;Echinochloa hloa pertusa, 0292 crus-galli, 0446 Pakistan;Setaria italica:Cenchrus Mobility,Compari.son;Echinochloa ciliaris, 0292 crus-galli, 0446 Allelopathy; Phytotoxicity,Comparison;Echinoch- Eleusine coracana:Berberis, 0473 los crus-galli, 0446 Pennisetum americanum:Bothriochloa

248 pertusa, 0291 Dichloromethane Pennisetum americanum:Celr la arg- Ether entea, 0294 Anatomy; Pennisetum americanum:Peganum har- Panicum,Leaves, 0892 mala, 0296 Panicum,Species, 0922 Pennisetum americanum:Trichodesma Anatomy:Forage/Quality, sedgwickianum, 0288 Relationship;Eragrostis retinens, Setaria italica:Bothriochloa pert- Leaves, 0681 usa, 0291 Relationship;Panicum,Species,Leaves, 0681 Alluvial soils; Relationship;Paspalum,Species,Lea- Pennisetum americanum,Potassium yes, 0681 uptake, 0236 Relationship;Pennisetum clandesti Alpha-amylase; num,Leaves, 0681 Penniseturi americanum,Starch,Size AndrogevDsis; determination, 0369 Pennisetum americanum, 0031 Alternaria alternata, Pennisetum americanum,Haploids, India;Paspalum scrobiculatum, 0622 Production, 0132 Amino acids:Vitamin B, lwetiploids; Losses,(due to)Cooking,India/Andhra Pennisetum americanum, 0155 Pradesh;Eleusine coracana,Food Aneuploidy; products, 0397 Pennisetum americanum,Tetraploids/ Losses,(due to)Cooking,India/Andhra Progeny, 0075 Pradesh;Pennisetum americanum, Aneuploidy see also, Food products, 0397 Trisomy Losses,(due to)Cooking,India/Andhra Animal feeding, Pradesh;Setaria italica,Food pro- Australia;Panicum,Species,Yastures, 0687 ducts, 0397 Australia;Paspalum plicatulum,Pas Ammonium nitrate:Sulphur coated urea, tures, 0687 Effect;Digitaria decumbens,Dry Brazil;Brachiaria decumbens,Forage, matter,Yields, 0702 Nitrogen content, 0792 Effect;Paspalum notatum,Dry matter, Animal feeding; Yields, 0702 Brachiaria decumbens,Pastures, 0723 Amylases, Brachiaria humidicola,Pastures, 0723 Microscopy;Paspalum scrobiculatum, Panicum maximum,Pastures, 0723 Starch,Digestion, 0625 Animal manures:Fertilizers, Amylases/Activity, Effect;Pennisetum purpureum,Dry Comparison;Echinochloa frumentacea: matter,Yields, 0754 Panicum miliaceum:Setaria italica, Animal manures see also, Seed germination, 0629 Farmyard manure Amylases see also, Animal production, Alpha-amylasc Colombia;Brachiaria decumbens,Pas- Amylolysis; ture management, 0794 Pennisetum americanum, 0369 Anthers, Anaerobiosis; Histochemistry;Pennisetum america Echinochloa crus-galli,Germination, 0443 num, 0062 Echinochloa crus-galli,Seedlings, Histochemistry;Setaria italica, 0062 Metabolism, 0444 Tissues,Nucleic acids:Proteins, Echinochloa crus-galli,Seedlings, Localization;Pennisetum americanum, 0062 Plastids,Development, 0447 Tissuces,Nucleic acids:Proteins, Echinochloa crus-galli,Seeds,Meta- Localization;Setaria italica, 0062 bolism, 0443 Anthers see also, Echinochloa crus-galli,Varieties, Pollpn Germination, 0438 Anthesis see, 0439 Flowering Anaesthetics, Apomixis, Effect;Setaria faberi,Dormancy, 0991 Environmental factors,Effect;Pasp Effect;Setaria faberi,Seeds,Phyto- alum notatum, 0930 chromes, 0991 Heredity;Panicum maximuw, 0907 Anaesthetics see also,

249 Apomixis; Panicum miliaceum, 0599 Panicum maximum, 0908 Panicum miliare, 0615 Pennisetum divisum, 0750 Atberigona miliaceae/Infestation, Pennisetum setaceum, 0750 India;Panicum miliare, 0616 Application date, Atherigona miliaceae/Resistance, Effect;Panicum maximum,Seed produ- India;Panicum miliare,Variety tri ctionNitrogen fertilizers, 0872 als, 0616 Application equipment see also, Atherigona simplex, Fertilizer distributors Control,Phosphamidon,India/Madhya Application methods, Pradesh;Paspalum scrobiculatum, 0624 Effect,(in)Wetlands;Echinochloa India/Madhya Pradesh;Pospalum scr frumentaceaYields,Farmyard manure, 0450 obiculatumYield losses, 0624 Application methods; Atrazine, Eleusine indica,Contro!,Metribuzin, 0843 India/Maharasbtra;Pennisetum amer Application methods see also, icanumWeed control, 0298 Foliar application Atrazine; Irrigation systems Paspalum virgatum,Control, 0955 Soil injection Pennisetum americanum,Cyperus rot Starter dressings undus,Control, 0297 Argentina; Pennisetum americanum,Trianthema Panicum miliaceum,Cultivation, 0553 monogyna,Control, 0297 Arid regions, Atrazine:Cyanazine:Tridiphane; India;Millets,Cropping systems, 0253 Panicum dichotomiflorum,Control, 0861 India;Pennisetum americanum,Yields, i Atrazine:Tridiphane; Drought,Effect, 0166 Digitaria,Species,Control, 0C88 USSR;Panicum miliaceum,Variety Echinochloa crus-galliControl, 0688 trials, 0573 Setaria faberi,Control, 0688 Arid regions see also, 0973 Africa Setaria viridis,Control, 0688 Deserts Aureofungin; Sahel Pennisetum americanum,Claviceps Ash content, fusiformis.Control, 0334 Comparison;Setaria italica,Cultiv- Australia; ars, 0643 Brachiaria,Species,Grass establis Aspartate, hment, 0686 Metabolism;Digitaria sanguinalis, Brachiaria decumbens,Adaptability, Leaves,Bundle sheath:Mesophyll, 0830 (to)Climatic factors, 0699 Aspartate aminotransferase, Brachiaria decumbens,Dry matter: Reconstitution;Panicum miliaceum, 0557 Nitrogen content,Cutting frequency: Aspartate aminotransferase:Alanine Cutting beight,Effect, 0700 aminotransferase, Brachiaria decumbens,Pastures, 0666 Benzadox,Effect;Panicum miliaceum, Brachiaria decumbens,Seed product Leaves, 0565 ion, 0785 0566 Brachiaria humidicola,Adaptability, Assays; (to)Climatic factors, 0699 Pennisetum americanum,Nitrogenase Brachiaria humidicola,Deois incom activity,Estimation, 0187 pleta/Resistance, 0778 0188 0189 Brachiaria mutica,Dry matter,Yields, Asulam:Dalapon; Fertilizers,Effect,(under)Irriga Panicum maximum,Control, 0901 ted conditions, 0790 Asynapsis, Digitaria,Species,Grass establish Induction;Pennisetum americanum, ment, 0686 Hybrids, 0122 Digitaria decumbens,Dry matter: Asyndesis see, Nitrogen content,Cutting frequency: Asynapsis Cutting height,Effect, 0700 Atherigona miliaceae, Digitaria decumbens,Pastures,Feed Control,Insecticides;Panicum mili- ing,Lambs, 0800 are, 0615 Digitaria decumbens,Pastures,Litter/ Atherigona miliaceae/Incidence; Measurement, 0672

250 Digitaria milanjiana,Adaptability, Setaria porpbyrantha,Germination, (to)Climatic factors, 0699 Temperatures,Effect, 0728 eme Digitaria milanjiana,Seed dormancy, Setaria porphyrantha,Seedling 07213 Genetic variation. 0811 rgence,Water availability,Effect, Digitaria pentzii,I .ds,Digestibi- Setaria sphLcelata,Dry matter:Nit lity,Sulphur,Effect,Sheep, 0825 rogen content,Cutting frequency: 0826 Cutting height,Effect, 0700 Digitaria smutsii,Adaptability, Setaria sphacelata,Feed supplements, (to)Climatic factors, 0699 Cattle, 0705 Digitaria smutsii,Breeding, 0810 Setaria spbacelata,Pastures,Litter/ Panicum,Species,Grass establishment, 0686 Measurement, 0672 Panicum,Species,Pastures,Animal Setaria sphacelata x Setaria sple feeding, 0687 ndida,Hybrids,Digestibility, 0982 Panicum coloratum,Germination,Soil Setaria sphacelata x Setaria sple water potential,Effect, 0726 ndida,Hybrids,Yields, 0982 Panicum coloratum,Germination,Teya- Autumn; peratures,Effect, 0728 Pennisetum clandestinum,Yields, Panicum coloratum,Seedling emerge- Nitrogen fe-ltilizers,Effect, 0759 nce,Water availability,Effect, 0728 Azospirillum, Panicum coloratum,Yields, 0885 Inoculation,Effect;Panicum miliac Panicum decompositum,Germination, euin,Forage,Yields, 063e Soil water potential,Effect, 0726 Inoculation,Effect;Panicum miliac Panicum decompositum,Germination, eum,Yields, 0180 Temperatures,Effect, 0728 Inoculation,Effect;Pennisetum ame Panicum maximum,Dry matter:Nitrogen ricanum,Yields, 0180 content,Cutting frequency:Cutting Inoculation,Effect;Setaria italics, height,Effect, 0700 Forage,Yields, 0638 Panicum maximum,Feed supplements, Inoculation,Effect;Setaria italica, Cattle, 0705 Yields, 0180 Panicum maximum,Nitrogen metabolism, 0866 Nitrogen fixation;Brachiaria decu Panicum maximum,Pastures,Litter/ mbens,Rhizosphere, 0182 Measurement, 0672 Nitrogen fixation;Digitaria,Rhizo Panicum maximum,Soil fertility, sphere, 0182 Brigalow soils, 0866 Nitrogen fixation;Panicum,Rhizosp Paspalum plicatulumAdaptability, hexe, 0182 (to)Climatic factors, 0699 Nitrogen fixation;Pennisetum amer Paspalum plicatulum,Feed suppleme- icanum,Rhizosphere, 0182 nts,Cattle, 0705 Nitrogen fixation;Setaria tomentosa, Paspalum plicatulum,Pastures, 0666 Rhizosphere, 0182 Paspalum plicatulum,Pastures,Animal Azospirillum; feeding, 0687 Panicum miliaceum,Nitrogen fixation, 0638 Pennisetum americanum,Flowering, Paspalum notatum,Nitrogen fixation, 0927 Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, 0229 Setaria italica,Nitrogen fixation, 0638 Pennisetum americanum,Genotypes, Azospirillum brasilense, Performance testing, 0135 India;Pennisetum americanum,Nitro Pennisetum clandestinum,Cultivation, 0761 gen fixation, 0185 Pennisetum clandestinum,Germination, Inoculation,Effect,India;Pennisetum Soil water potential,Effect, 0726 americanum,Grain yield, 0184 Pennisetum clandestinum,Germination, 0185 Temperatures,Effect, 0728 Inoculation,Effect,Israel;Panicum Pennisetum clandestinum,Seedling miliaceum,Yields, 0639 emergence,Water availability,Eff- Inoculation,Effect,Israel;Setaria ect, 0728 italica,Yields, 0639 Pennisetum macrourum,Germination, Nitrogenase activity;Panicum maxi Salinity,Effect, 0747 mum,Cells,(as)Growing media, 0181 Setaria(Frost resistant),Seed pro- Nitrogenase activity;Pennisetum duction, 0972 americanum,Cells,(as)Growing media, 0181 Setaria porlhyrantha,Germination, Soil water potential,Effect, 0726

251 Azospirillum see also, Millets,Uses, 0394 Azospirillum brasilense Paspalum conjugatum, 0935 Azotobacter, Pennisetum americanum,Marketing, Inoculation,Effect;Pennisetum ame- Semiarid zones,West Africa, 0401 ricanum,Seed germination, 0178 Pennisetum purpureum, 0740 Azotobacter; Biochemical genetics; Pennisetum americanum,Nitrogen Pennisetum americanum,Phenotypic fixation, 0178 stability, 0101 BHC see, Biological activity in soil, BCH Boron:Calcium:Magnesium,Effect; Bacteria, Millets, 0221 Variations,Evaluation;Pennisetum Biological control, americanum,Acetylene reduction, 0175 Sahel,Research,(at)GERDAT;Pennise Bacteria; tum americanum,Insect pests, 0341 Brachiaria decumbens,Rhizosphere, 0722 Biomass accumul3tion, Brachiaria humidicola,Rhizosphere, 0722 Comparison;Setaria italica,Cultiv Panicum maximum,Rhizosphere, 0722 ars, 0643 Paspalum plicatulum,Rhizosphere, 0722 Biotypes, Bacteria see also, Karyology;Peii6.*4um pedicellatum, 0742 Enterobacter cloaceae Biotypes see also, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Ecotypes Bahia grass see, Bipolaris see, Paspalum notatum Cochliobolus Bajra see, Bird control, Pennisetum americanum HCH,India;Pennisetum americanum, 0368 Baking quality see, Bivalents, Milling and baking quality Formation,Analysis;Pennisetum ame- Barnyard grass see, ricanum,Mutants, 0139 Echinochloa crus-galli Blissus leucopterus/Resistance, Barnyard millet see, Inheritance,USA;Pennisetum americ Echinochloa frumentacea anum, 0364 Beers, Boglands see, Manufacture;Elousine coracana,Malt, 0551 Wet lands Nutritive value,South Africa;Mill- Boron:Calcium:Magnesium, ets, 0399 Effect;Millets,Biological activity Bensulide:Oxadiazon; in soil, 0221 Eleusine indica,Control, 0846 Effect;Millets,Growth:Yields, 0221 Benzadox, Effect;Millets,Mineral nutrition, 0221 Effect;Panicum miliaceum,Leaves, Boron uptake, Alanine aminotransferase:Aspartate Gypsum,Effect,(in)Sodic soils;Bra aminotransferase, 0565 chiaria mutica, 0696 0566 Gypsum,Effect,(in)Sodic soils;Pan Benzadox; icum maximum, 0696 Panicum miliaceum,Photosynthesis, Gypsum,Effect,(in)Sodic soils;Pen inhibition, 0565 nisetum purpureum x Pennisetum 0566 americanum,Hybrids, 0696 Benzene hexachloride see, Gypsum,Effect,(in)Sodic soils;Set HCH aria sphacelata, 0696 Berberis:Eleusine coracana, Bos taurus see, Allelopathy 0473 Cattle Berberis/Fruit pulp, Botanical .:omposition:Yields, Effect;Eleusine coracana,Germinat- Sowing methods,Effect;Brachiaria ion, 0473 decumbens,Pastures, 0677 Beverages crops see, Sowing metnods,Effect;Panicum max Alcoholic beverages imum,Pastures, 0677 Beverages see also, Bothriochloa pertusa:Panicum antido Alcoholic beverages tale, Bibliographies; Allelopathy,Pakistan 0292 Millets,Pests, 0348

252 Bothriochloa pertusa:Pennisetum ame- Effect 0779 ric anum, Phosphorus,(in)Rock phosphate,Brazil 0796 Allelopathy,Pakistan 0292 Rhizosphere,Azospirillum,Nitrogen Allelopathy 0291 fixation 0182 Bothriochloa pertusa:Setaria italica, Rhizospbere,Bacteria 0722 AllelopathyPakistan 0292 Rhizosphere,Microorganisms,(for) Allelopathy 0291 Dicalcium phosphate,Solubility 0719 Botswana; Seed longevity,(in)Rumen,Steers 0682 Millets,Planters, 0301 Seed production,Australia 0785 MilletsYields,Striga,Infestation, Seed production,Harvest date,Effect 0791 Effect, 0256 Seed production,Harvesting losses, Pennisetum americanum,Agricultural Evaluation 0692 engineering, 0300 Yields,Phosphorus fertilizers,Eff Brachiaria, ect,(on)Oxisols,Colombia 0783 Pastures,Cuba 0683 Brachiaria humidicola, Species,Grass establishment,Austr- Adaptability,(to)Climatic factors, alia 0686 Australia 0699 Brachiaria decumbens, Cultivation,Brazil 0781 Adaptability,(to)Climatic factors, Deois incompleta/Resistance,Austr Australia 0699 alia 0778 Chemical composition,Cutting:Nitr- Drought tolerance,Evaluation 0793 ogen fertilizers,Effect 0784 Forage,Nitrates/Accumulation,Cutt Dry matter,Yields,Cutting height, ing frequency:Nitrogen fertilizers, Effect 0720 Effect 0714 Dry matter,Yields,Phosphorus fert- Forage,Performance testing,Brazil 0684 ilizers,Effect 0780 Pastures,Animal feeding 0723 Dry matter:Nitrogen content,Cutting Rhizosphere,Bacteria 0722 frequency:Cutting height,Effect, Brachiaria humidicola:Legumes, Australia 0700 Chemical composition,(under)Mixed Forage,Chemical composition:Diges- cropping,Brazil 0685 tibility:Energy content,Relation- Yields,(under)Mixed cropping,Brazil 0685 ship 0698 Brachiaria miliiformis:Legumes, Forage,Nitrates/Accumulation,Cutt- Nitrogen fixation:Nitrogen transfer, ing frequency:Nitrogen fertilizers, (under)Intercropping 0716 Effect 0714 Yields,(under)Intercropping 0716 Forage,Nitrogen content,Animal Brachiaria mutica, feeding,Brazil 0792 (for)Reclamation,Alkaline soils, Forage,Yields,Phosphorus fertiliz- India/Uttar Pradesh 0787 ers,Effect,Brazil 0796 Boron uptake,Gypsum,Effect,(in) Forage,Yields 0724 Sodic soils 0696 Germination,Seed storage:Seed tre- Dry matter,Yields,Fertilizers,Eff atment,Effect 0795 ect,(under)Irrigated conditions, Grass establishment,Phosphorus Australia 0790 fertilizers,Alternative,Colombia 0788 Forage,Chemical composition:Diges Grass establishment,Thailand 0665 tibility:Energy content,Relation Hay,Nutritive value,Sheep,Nigeria 0664 ship 0698 Pasture management,Animal product- Forage,Rabbit feeding,Tropics 0712 ion,Colombia 0794 Nitrogen assimilation,Enzymes 0725 Pastures,Animal feeding 0723 Pasture composition,(effect on) Pastures,Australia 0666 Feed intake,Cattle 0710 Pastures,Botanical composition: Pasture management,Philippines 0669 Yields,Sowing methods,Effect 0677 Salt tolerance 0039 Pastures,Feeda,Cattle 0779 Sprouts,Carbon,Stems/Cutting,Effect 0789 Pastures,Grazing,Cattle,Thailand 0680 Brachiaria purpurascens see, Pastures,Grazing,Malaysia 0786 Brachiaria mutica Pastures,Grazing intensity,Cattle, Brachiaria radicans, Colombia 0794 Forage,Nitrates/Accumulation,Cutt Pastures,Nitrogen content,Brazil 0792 ing frequency:Nitrogen fertilizers, Pastures,Phosphorus fertilizers, Effect 0714

253 Brachiaria ruziziensis, pping, 0685 Forage,Nitrates/Accumulation,Cutt- Paspalum plicatulum:Legumes,Yields, ing frequency:Nitrogen fertilizers: (under)Mixed cropping, 0685 Effect 0714 Pennisetum americanum,Silage,Chem Gametogenesis 0782 ical composition, 0384 Brachiaria see also, Pennisetum americanum,Silage,Dige Brachiaria decumbens stibility,Additives,Effect, 0385 Brachiaria humidicola Pennisetum americanum,Silage,Yields, 0384 Brachiaria miliiformis Pennisetum americanum,Silage qual Brachiaria mutica ity,Additives,Effect, 0384 Brachiaria radicans Pennisetum purpureum,Crop residues, Brachiaria ruziziensis Feeds,Goats, 0751 Brackish water/Irrigation, Pennisetum purpureum,Silage quality: Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Geno- Nutritive value,Additiw-d,Effect, 0775 types,Growth, 0192 Sstaria anceps,Feeds,(Cause of) Effect;Penninetum americanum,Geno- Oxalates/Poisoning,(in)Cattle, 0988 types,Yields, 0192 Setaria sphacelata,Forage,Perform Bran, ance testing, 0684 Silicon content,(effect on)Health, Setaria sphacelata:Legumes,Chemical China;Pennisetum americanum, 0395 composition,(under)Mixed cropping, 0685 Brazil, Setaria sphacelata:Legumes,Yields, Theses;Pennisetum americanum,Cult- (under)Mixed cropping, 0685 ivation methods,Oxisols, 0169 Breeding, Brazil; (for)Iron deficiency,Improvement; Brachiaria decumbens,Forage,Nitro- Eragrostis curvula, 0855 gen content,Animal feeding, 0792 (for)Populations,Improvement,Theses; Brachiaria decumbens,Forage,Yields, Pennisetum americanum, 0161 Phosphorus fertilizersEffect, 0796 Australia;Digitaria smutsii, 0810 Brachiaria decumbens,Pastures,Nit- Claviceps fusiformis/Resistance; rogen content, 0792 Pennisetum americanum, 0337 Brachiaria decumbens,Phosphorus, Mozambique;Pennisetum americanum, 0073 (in)Rock phosphate, 0796 Research,ICRISAT;Pennisetum ameri Brachiaria humidicola,Cultivation, 0781 canum, 0108 Brachiaria humidicola,Forage,Perf- Research,ICRISAT/Nigeria;Pennisetum ormance testing, 0684 americanum, 0133 Brachiaria humidicola:Legumes,Che- Sclerospora graminicola/Resistance, mical composition,(under)Mixed Senegal;Pennisetum americanum, 0323 cropping, 0685 Sclerospora graminicola/Resistance; Brachiaria humidicola:Legumes,Yie- Pennisetum americanum, 0317 lds,(under)Mixed cropping, 0685 Senegal;Millets, 0131 Digitaria decumbens,Chemical comp- Theses;Setaria italica, 0633 osition:Yields,Nitrogen fertiliz- Breeding efficiency, ers,Effect, 0832 USSR;Panicum miliaceum,Hutants, 0570 Digitaria sanguinalis,Control,Her- Breeding methods, bicides, 0671 (for)Protein composition,Improvem Eleusine indica,Control,Herbicides, 0671 ent;Pennisetum americanum, 0090 Millets,Cultivation, 0001 Breeding methods; Panicum,Species,Taxonomy, 0905 Pennisetum americanumComposite Panicum maximum,Forage,Performance varieties, 0074 testing, 0684 Breeding see also, Panicum maximum:Legumes,Chemical Breeding efficiency composition,(under)Mixed cropping, 0685 Diallel crossing Panicum maximum:Legumes,Yields, Hybridization (under)Mixed cropping, 0685 Brewing; Paspalum plicatulum,Yield increases, Eleusine coracana, 0551 (by)Rock phosphate,Mycorrhizas, Brigalow soils, Inoculation,Effect, 0932 Australia;Panicum maximum,Soil Paspalum plicatulum:Legumes,Chemi- fertility, 0866 cal composition,(under)Mixed cro

254 Brodifacoum; Drought tolerance;Panicum miliaceum, 0563 Pennisetum americanum,Rodent cont- Salt tolerance;Panicum miliaceum, 0563 rol, 0367 Callus; Buffalo; Panicum miliaceum,Regeneration, 0562 Pennisetum purpureum,Forage,In Cameroon; vitro digestibility, 0736 Pennisetum americanum,Storage, 0415 Buffalo calf; Cannabis sativa:Datura alba; Eleusine coracana,Feeds,Rumen/Aci- Eleusine coracana,Seedborne fungi, dosis, 0548 Control, 0535 Bulk density, Canopy, Tillage,Effect,India/Rajasthan; Management;Digitaria ciliaris,Con Pennisetum americanum, 0220 trol, 0829 Bullocks see, Canopy/Temperatures, Steers Spacing,Effect;Pennisetum america Bulrush millet see, num, 0204 Pennisetum americanum Captafol:Edifenphos, Bundle sheath:Mesophyll, India/Karnataka;Eleusine coracana, Aspartate,Metabolism;Digitaria Pyricularia grisea,Control, 0540 sanguinalis,Leaves, 0830 Carbendazim; Protein composition,Comparison; Pennisetum americanum,Cells,Chrom Digitaria sanguinalis,Leaves, 0823 osome translocation, 0084 Protein composition,Gene expression; Carbohydrates, Digitaria sanguinalis,Leaves, 0823 Comparison;Echinochloa frumentacea: Burkina Faso, Panicum miliaceum:Setaria italica, Theses;Panicum maximum,Forage,Moi- Seed germination, 0629 sture content,Conservation methods, 0709 Content;Echinochloa crus-galli, 0419 rheses;Pennisetum purpureum,Forage, Content;Panicum miliare, n419 Moisture content,Conservation Content;Paspalum scrobiculatum, '19 methods, 0709 Carbohydrates see also, Burkina Faso; Photosynthates Pennisetum americanum,Chilo diffu- Polysaccharides silineus, 0349 Carbon, Pennisetum americanum,Production, 0412 Stems/Cutting,Effect;Brachiaria Pennisetum americanum:Cowpeas,Yie- mutica,Sprouts, 0789 lda,Rotations,Effect,Semiarid Carbon assimilation pathway see, zones, 0287 Photosynthetic pathway Burkina Faso/ICRISAT; Carbon assimilation see, Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0006 Photosynthesis 0010 Carbon dioxide fixation see, Burundi; Photosynthesis Millets,Stored products pest cont- Carpel see, rol, 0362 Gynoecium Butylate; Caryopsis see, Panicum dichotomiflorum,Control, 0875 Seeds CGA-82725; Catalase:Peroxidasc, Panicum texanum,Control, 0869 Insecticides,EffectEleusine cora Calcareous soils; cana, 0474 Eragrostis curvula,Adaptability, 0855 Catch cropping, Calcium:Magnesium:Boron, Effect,(on)Irrigated soils;Millets, Effect;Millets,Biological activity Yields, 0279 in soil, 0221 Cattle, Effect;Millets,Growth:Yields, 0221 Australia;Panicum maximum,Feed Effect;Millets,Mineral nutrition, 0221 supplements, 0705 Calcium carbonate, Australia;Paspalum plicatulum,Feed Effect,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, supplements, 0705 Phosphorus:Zinc,Uptake, 0233 Australia;Setaria sphacelata,Feed Effect,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, supplements, 0705 Yields, 0233 Brazil;Setaria anceps,Feeds,(cause Callus, of)Oxalates/Poisoning, 0988

255 Colombia;Brachiaria decumbens,Pas- Cell wall components tures,Grazing intensity, 0794 Chloroplasts Thailand;Brachiaria decumbens,Pas- Cytology tures,Grazing, 0680 Cytoplasm Thailand;Paspalum dilatatum,Pastu- Spores res,Grazing, 0680 Celosia argentes, Thailand;Setaria sphacelata,Pastu- Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Yields, 0294 res,Grazing, 0680 Celosia argentea:Pennisetum america USA/Oklahoma;Panicum scribnerianum, num, Grazing behaviour,Fertilizer her- Allelopathy 0294 bicide combinations,Effect, 0859 Cenchrus ciliaris:Panicum antidotale, USA/Oklahoma;Panicum virgatum,Gra- Allelopathy,Pakistan 0292 zing behaviour,Fertilizer herbic- Cenchrus ciliaris:Pennisetum americ ide combinations,Effect, 0859 anum, Cattle; Allelopathy,Pakistan 0292 Brachiaria decumbens,Pastures,Feeds, 0779 Cenchrus ciliariE:Setaria italica, Brachiaria muticaPasture composi- Allelopathy,Pakistan 0292 tion,(effect on)Feed intake, 0710 Cheena see, Digitaria decumbens,Dry matter, Panicum miliaceum Digestibility, 0701 Chemical composition, Digitaria decumbens,Feeds,Nutritive (during)Developmental stages;Penn value, 0816 isetum american,.a, 0101 Digitaria decumbens,Pasture compo- (under)Mixed cropping,Brazil;Brac sition,(effect on)Feed intake, 0710 hiaria humidicola:Legumes, 0685 Millets,Lipids,Feeds, 0388 (under)Mixed cropping,Brazil;Pani Panicum maximum,Feeds, 0868 cum maximum:Legumes, 0685 Panicum maximum,Pasture composition, (under)Mixed cropping,Brazil;Pasp (effect on)Feed intake, 0710 alum plicatulum:Legumes, 0685 Paspalum dilatatum,Feeds, 0942 (under)Mixed cropping,Brazil;Seta 0944 nia sphacelata:Legumes, 0685 Pennisetum clandestinum,Feeds, 0739 Additives,Effect;Pennisetum purpu Pennisetum flaccidum,Hay,(as)Roug- reum x Pennisetum americanam,Hyb hage, 0766 rids,Silage, 0771 Pennisetum orientale,Hay,(as)Roug- Brazil;Pennisetum americanum,Silage, 0384 hage, 0766 Cutting:Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect; Pennisetum purpureum,Forage,ln Brachiaria decumbens, 0784 vitro digestibility, 0736 Inoculum,Effect;Pennisetum purpur Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum eum x Pennisetum americanum,Hybr americanum,Hybrids,Nutritive value, 0756 ids,Silage, 0771 Setaria sphacelata,Dry matter,Dig- Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect;Panicum estibility, 0701 virgatum, 0886 Cattle see also, Seeds/Presoaking,(with)GA,Effect; Steers Pennisetum americanum,Seedlings, 0045 Cell wall components, Soil moisture,Effect;Eleusine cor Maturity,Effect;Pennisetum purpur- acana,Dry matter, 0506 eum X Pennisetum americanum,Hybr- Temperatures,Effect;Echinochloa ids, 0767 crus-galli, 0442 Cells, Temperatures,Effect;Echinochloa (as)Growing media,(for)Azospirillum utilis, 0442 brasilense,Nitrogenase activity; Chemical composition; Panicum maximum, 0181 Eleusine coracana,Flours, 0545 (as)Growing media,(for)Azospirillum Panicum miliaceum,Leaves,Waxes, 0606 brasilenae,Nitrogenase activity; Panicum texanum,Leaves,Waxes, 0606 Pennisetum americanum, 0181 Pennisetum americanum,High yielding Characterization;Pennisetum ameri- varieties, 0370 canum,Inflorescences,Culture media, 0156 Pennisetum americanum,Seedlings, Chromosome translocation,(by)Carb- Roots,Tissues, 0056 endazim;Pennisetum americanum, 0084 Pennisetum americanum,Seedlings, Cells see also, Shoots,Tissues, 0056

256 Setaria italica,Leaves,Waxes, 0606 Burkina Faso;Pennisetum americanum, 0349 Setaria texana, 0967 Chilo infuscatella, Chemical composition:Cutting date: Chemical control,China;Pennisetum Growth, americanum, 0352 Relationship;Eleusine coracana, 0505 Control,China;Pennisetum americanum, 0355 Chemical composition:Digestibility: Geographical distribution,China; Energy content, Pennisetum americanum, 0352 Relationship;Brachiaria decumbens, 0355 Forage, 0698 China; Relationship;Brachiaria mutica, Enterobacter cloaceae,Nitrogen Forage, 0698 fixation,Activity,(in)Culture Relationship;Digitaria decumbens, media, 0190 Forage, 0698 Millets,Wines, 0400 Relationship;Digitaria pentzii, Panicum miliaceum,Aceria, 0602 Forage, 0698 Pennisetum americanum,Bran,Silicon Relationship;Paspalum dilatatum, content,(effect on)Health, 0395 Forage, 0698 Pennisetum americanum,Chilo infus R,"ationship;Pennisetum clandesti- catella,Chemical control, 0352 n ,,Forage, 0698 Pennisetum americanum,Chilo infus- Relationship;Pennisetum purpureum, catella,Control, 0355 Forage, 0698 Pennisetum americanum,Chilo infus Chemical composition:Digestibility: catella,Geographical distribution, 0352 Futritive value, 0355 Changes,(during)Vegetative period; Pennisetum americanum,Nitrogen Echinochloa crus-galli, 0460 fixation,Enterobacter cloaceae, 0190 Chemical composition:Nutritive value, Setaria italica,Inflorescences, Sheep,India;Panicum miliaceum,Feeds, 0610 Silicon/Deposition,Analysis, 0658 Uromyces setariae/Infection,Effect; 0661 Setaria italics, 0650 Setaria italica,Leaf area index, 0642 Chemical composition:Yields, Setaria italica,Seeds,Aleurone Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect,Brazil; layer,Silicon/Deposition,Analysis, 0657 Digitaria decumbens, 0832 Setaria italica,Seeds,Silicon/Dep Plant density,Effect,Egypt;Pennis- osition,Analysis, 0661 etum purpureum, 0768 Setaria italica,Yield factors, 0641 Chemical control, Setaria italica,Yields,Cultivation China;Pennisetum americanum,Chilo methods, 0641 infuscatella, 0352 0642 Chemical control; Chloramben; Panirum miliaceum, 0589 Panicum miliaceum,Control, 0586 Peraisetum americanum,Tolyposporium Chlormequat:GA, penicillariae, 0304 Effect;Digitaria decumbens,Light Chemical properties see, distribution:Photosynthesis:Plant Chemico-physical properties height, 0697 Chemico-physical properties, Effect;Setaria sphacelata,Light Heat treatment,Effect;Panicum mil- distribution:Photosynthesis:Plant iaceum,Starch, 0605 height, 0697 Soil heating,Effect;Soils, 0637 Chlorophyll, Chemico-physical properties; S'.athesis,Environmental factors, Eleusine coracana,Dextrins, 0546 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Mut Chemico-physical properties see also, ants, 0113 Adsorption Chlorophyll/Retention, Alkalinity Insecticides,Effect;Eleusine cora Enzyme activity cana,Leaves, 0474 Heat flow Chloroplasts, Osmotic pressure Physiological functions,Simetryne, Oxidation Effect;Echinochloa crus-galli, 0440 Salinity Polypeptides,Composition;Digitaria Water absorption sanguinalis, 0559 Chilo diffusilineus, Polypeptides,Composition;Panicum

257 miliaceum, 0559 Claviceps fusiformis/Incidence, Structure;Digitaria eriantha,Leaves, 0667 Weather,Effectlndia/Gujarat;Penn 0331 Structure;Eragrostis pallens,Leaves, 0667 isetum americanum, Structure;Panicum maximum,Leaves, 0667 Claviceps fusiformis/Resistance, Chlorosis; Evaluation,India;Pennisetum ameri Eragrostis curvula, 0855 canum, 0335 Chromatography; Evaluation,Nigerip;Pennisetum ame Eleusine coracana,Seeds,Enzyme ricanum, 0335 inhibitors,Isolation, 0481 Screening;Pennisetum americanum, 0336 Chromosome breakage:Chromosome pair- Cultivars, ing, Claviceps fusiformis/Resistance; 0337 Relationship;Pennisetum americanum, Pennisetum americanum,Breeding, Mutants, 0114 Claviceps microcephala, Chromosome number, Seperators,India;Pennisetum ameri 0330 Determination,Stomata;Eragrostis canum, curvula, 0854 Claviceps microcephala/Resistance, Chromosome number; Mali;Pennisetum americanum,Variety 0311 Eleusine,Species, 0482 trials, Panicum virgatum,Cultivars, 0906 Climatic factors, Pennisetum americanum, 0155 Australia;Brachiaris decumbens, 0699 Pennisetum americanumTrisomics, 0119 Adaptability, 0120 0152 Australia;Brachiaria bumidicola, 0699 Chromosome pairing, Adaptability, (during)Meiosis;Pennisetum americ- Australia;Digitaria milanjiana, 0699 anum,Tetraploids, 0141 Adaptability, Chromosome pairing:Chromosome break- Australia;Digitaria smutsii,Adapt age, ability, 0699 Relationship;Pennisetum americanum, Australia;Paspalum plicatulum,Ada 0699 Mutants, 0114 ptability, Chromosome translocation, Effect,USSR;Panicum miliaceum,Yie 05.5 (by)Carbendazim;Pennisetum americ- Ids, anum,Cells, 0084 Effect;Ecbinochloa crus-galli,Gro 0448 Meiosis;Pennisetum americanum,Fl wth, hybrids, 0128 Effect;Pennisetum clandestinum, 0752 Tester set;Pennisetur americanum, 0128 Nutritive value, Chromosome translocation; Climatic factors:Cutting frequency, Pennisetum americanum, 0079 Effect,Japan;Panicum maximum,Dry 0159 matter,In vitro digestibility, 0693 Chromosomes, Effect,Japan;Panicum maximum,Dry 0693 Behaviour;Paspalum,Diploids:Tetra- matter,Yields, 0694 ploids, 0952 Chromosomes see also, Effect,Japan;Pennisetum purpureum, digestibility, 0693 Bivalents Dry matter,In vitro Genomes Effect,Japan;Pennisetum purpureum, 0693 mbila; Dry matter,Yields, Cicadulina 0694 Pennisetum americanum,(as)Hosts, 0365 Circadian rhythm, Climatic factors see also, Effect;Digitaria decumbens,Leaves, Drought Photosynthates/Partitioning, 0801 Meteorological factors Claviceps fusiformis, Clipping:Mycorrhizas:Nitrogen ferti Control,Aureofungin;Pennisetum lizers, 0334 Effect;Panicum coloratum,Nitrogen americanum, 0921 Control,Cuman;Pennisetum americanum, 0334 content, Cochliobolus/Infection; Control,Insecticides;Pennisetum 0851 americanum, 0334 Eragrostis,Species, Control,Ridmil;Pennisetum americ- Cochliobolus geniculatus; americanum, 0308 anum, 0334 Pennisetum Claviceps fusiformis; Pennisetum americanum,Infestation, 0333

258 Cochliobolus see also, Seasons,Effect;Paspalum plicatulum, 095J Cochliobolus geniculatus Combustion:Planting date, Cocksfoot mottle virus/Susceptibility, Effect;Panicum maximuui,Forage,Yie Japan;Setaria italica, 0654 ida, 0898 Japan;Setaria viridis, 0654 Common millet see, Coix aquatica, Panicum miliaceum Triploids,Cytogenetics,India 0425 Compact soil; Coix lachryma-jobi, Paspalum notatum,Roots,Growth,Root Drechslera coicis,Control,Seed systems,Effect, 0936 treatment,Japan 0431 Component analysis; Drechslera coicis/Incidence,Culti- Pennisetum americanum,Heading date: vation methods,Effect,Japan 0427 Maturation period, 0117 Drechslera coicis/Infection,Japan 0428 Composite varieties, Leaves,Photosynthesis,Rate 0423 Breeding methods;Pennisetum ameri Protein composition,Electrophoresis 0424 canum, 0074 Stover,Silage,Nutritive value,Eva- Gene banke:Selection;Pennisetum luation 0432 americanum, 0074 Ustilago coicis,Control,(by)Seed Composition, treatment,(with)Fungicides 0429 India;Echinochloa crus-galli,Feeds, 0374 Ustilago coicis,Control,Seed trei- India;Eleusine coracana,Feeds, 0374 tment,Japan 0431 India;Pennisetum americanum,Feeds, 0374 Ustilago coicis,Spore germination, Composition; Fungicides,Effect 0429 Digitaria sanguinalis,Chloroplasts, Ustilago coisis,Spore germination, Polypeptides, 0559 Temperatures,Effect 0430 Panicum miliaceum,Chloroplasts, Coix lachryma-jobi:aize, Polypeptides, 0559 Phylogenetic relationship 0426 Paspaum dilatatumHay, 0960 Serological affinities 0426 Composition:Yields, Colombia; Trace element fertilizers:NPK fer Brachiaria decumbens,Grass establ- tilizers,Effect;Digitaria decumb ishment,Phosphorus fertilizers, ens, Alternative, 0704 0788 Trace element fertilizers:NPK fer- Brachiaria decumbens,Pasture mana- tilizers,Effect;Paspalum notatum, 0704 gement,Animal production, 0794 Composition see also, Brachiaria decumbens,Pastures,Gra- Ash content zing intensity,Cattle, 0794 Chemical composition Brachiaria decumbens,Yields,Phosp- Dry matter horus fertilizers,Effect,(on)Oxi- Fibre content solS, 0783 Moisture content Combining ability, Nitrogen content (for)Green fodders,Yields;Pennise- Pasture composition tum americanum, 0085 Potassium content (for)Harvest index;Pennisetum ame- Protein composition ricanum, 0110 Conservation, (for)Minerals:Oxalic acid;Pennise- Soil and Water see,Soil and water tum americanum, 0085 conseriation (for)Protein composition;Pennisettim Consumption, americanum, 0153 Nigeria;Millets, 0414 (for)Quantitative tenits;Pennisetum Consumption:Digestibility, americanum,Hybrids, 0151 Lambs,Africa,Theses;Pennisetum (for)Yields;Pennisetun americanum, 0110 purpureum:, 0734 Analysis;Pennisetum americanum, Consumption see also, Heading date:Maturation period, 0117 Feed intake Analysis;Pennisetum americanum, Cooking, Hybrids,Agronomic characteristics, 0149 India/Andhra Pradesh;Eleusine cor Studies,(by)Diallel crossing;Penn- acana,Food products,Amino acids: isetum americanum,Inbred lines, Vitamin B,Losses, 039Y Yields, 0140 India/Andhra Pradesh;Pennisetum Combustion, americanum,Food products,Amino

259 acids:Vitamin B,Losses, 0397 kpeasZincTrans location, 0228 India/Andbra Pradesh;Setaria ital- EvaluationIndia;Pennisetum ameri ica,Food products,Amino acids: canum:Legjmes,Yields, 0257 Vitamin B,Losses, 0397 Evaluation,Nepal;Millets, 0267 Cooking; Interaction;Pennisetum americanum: Millets,Vitamins,Losses, 0373 Soybeant.Varieties, 0265 Cooling, Research,Uigeria;Pennisetum ameri Effect,USSR;Yanicum miliaceum,ABA: canum, 0274 IAA, 0569 Cropping systems; Effect,USSR;Panicum millaceum,Gro- Pennisetum americanum:Mung bean, 0280 wth, 0568 Cropping systems see also, Effect,USSR;Panicum milinceum,Pho- Catch croppiug tosynthesis, 0568 Double cropping Cooling:Thawing, Dry farwing Effect;Echinochloa crus-galli,Ger- Intercropping mination, 0437 Mixed cropping Effect;Setaria glauca,Gexmination, 0437 Rain-fed farming Copper mine wastes, Rotations hffect,(in)Semiarid climate,USA/ Sequential cropping Arizona;Eragrostis curvvla,Yields, 0852 Cuba; 1:ffect,(in)Semiarid climate,USA/ Brachiaria,Pastures, 0683 Arizona;Eragrostis lehnmnniana, Digitaria,Pastures, 0683 Yields, 0852 Panicum,Pastures, 0683 7ffect,(in)S.wiarid climate,USA/ Panicum aciculare,Savannas, 0860 Arizona;Eragrostis superba,Yields, 0852 Panicum teneruiai,Savannas, 0860 Effect,(in)Semiarid climateUSA/ Pennisetu, Pastures, 0683 Arizona;PaDicum antidotale,Yields, 0852 Pennisetum purpureum X Pennisetum Correlation analysis; americanum,Hybrids,Silage quality, Peunisetum americanum,Inbred lines, Molasces,Effect, 0744 Agronomic characteristics:Yields, 0129 Pennisetum purpuieum x Peznisetim Pennisetum nurpureum x Pennisetum americanuillybrids,Silage quality, americar um.,ybiids, 0773 Cutting date,Effect, 0744 0773 Culms see, Cost benefit analysis, Stems !niia/Rajasthan;Pennisetum americ- Cultivars, anum, 0413 Ash content,Comparison;Setaria Crop-wded competition, italica, 0643 Critical period;Echinoch]oa frume- Bionacs accumulation,Comparison; ntacea, 0532 Setaria italica, 0643 Critical period;Eleusine coracana, 0532 Chromosome number ;Panicum virgatum, 0906 Crop--wead competition; Claviceps fusiformis/Resistance, Eleusine coracana, 0528 Screening;Pennisetum americanum, 0336 Crop residues, CoxparisoniPaspalum guenoarum, 0950 Feeds,Goats,Brazil;Pennisetum pur- Description;Panicum maximum, 0865 pureum, 0751 Evaluation,lndia;Eleusine coracana, 0422 Crop rotation see, Forage,USA/Florida;Digitaria, 0827 Rotations Nematode control,(by)Mixed cropping; Cropping systems, Digitaria decumbens, 0812 Alfisols,Semiarid zones,India;Ele- Nitrogen content,Comparison;Setaria 0643 usine coracana, 0286 italica, Alfisols,Semiarid zones,India;Pen- Nutrient uptake,Comparison;Setaria 0643 nisetum americanum, 0286 italica, Alfisois,Semiarid zones,India;Set- Perfox-oance testing,India/Maharas 0088 aria italica, 0286 htra;Pennisetum americanum, 0906 Arid regions,ludia;Millets, 0253 Polyploids;Panicum virgatum, americanum, Seaaonal growth,Comparison;Pennis Effect,India;PenniseLum 0762 Yields, 0251 etum purpureum, 0252 YieldsGenotype environment inter 0640 Effect;Pennisetum americanum:Chic- action;Setaria italics,

260 Cultivated varieties see, Cultivation,CUanSalineCultivar& Cella,Characterization;Pennisetum soilslndia/Haryana; aaricanum,Inflorescences, (eniasalin amaris nu,n China;Enterobacter 0151 gen closceaesNitro Pennisetum amaricau., fixation,Activity, (C der)RotavionsRomania;Panicum 0171 EmbryoidsForyltion;Pennisetum 019( eericanumlufioresCenc Agroclimaticmiliacum,VarietieE, 0156 regions,USSR;Panicum 0582 Embryoids,Ontogeny;Pennictum mtiiace;m. ricanumEmbryos(Imt) ame 015; Argctina;Panicum miliaceum, 0576 Culture media; Australia;Pennisetum 0553 Penniseum clan c tinwa, americanum,OvariesGro_ Brazil;Brchiaria 0761 wth regulators,Effect humidicola, 0057 Brazil;11i1lets, 0781 Pennisetum americanum,SpozesRege_ 0001 Cowpeas,Residual effects,Mal;Pen- nerative ability, 0032 niserum americanum, Penn*3etum purpureumInfloreacences, EffectIndia/Rajasthan;Pennietum 0260 Tissues,(for)Embryogenesi(Somat ic), americanom,Nutrient uptake, 0776 0203 Cuman; EffectlidiniRajasthan;Pennisetum americanumh Yields, 0203 Pennisetumfusiformis,Control, americanum,Claviceps India;Penisetum americanum, 0025 0334 India/Bihar;Panicum miliaceum,Pure Curvularia lunata, lines, Coutrol,Fungicides,India/Madhya 0578 India/Rajasthan;Pennisetum Pradesh;Setaria italica, americ- 0651 anum,Weed control, Curvularia pallescence, India/West 0203 Contro1,Fungicides,india/Madhya Bengal;Pennisetum pedicellatum, Pradesh;Setaria italics, Senegal;Millets, 0757 0651 Cutting:Nitrogen fertilizers, Technoiogy,India;Pennisetum 0024 Effect;Brachiaria ameri- decumbens,Chemi canum, cal composition, Technology;Pennisetum 0784 americanum, 02i4 Cutting/Stems, Yields, Effect;Brachiarie 0216 mutica,Sprouts, Tropics;Pennisetum Carbon, USA/California;Pennisetumpurpureum, 0746 0789 Clandes- Cutting date, EffectCuba;Pennisetum purpureum Zibabve:'Per::raetumtinum, americanum, 0777 x Pennisetum Culivation; 0212 Silage quality,americanum,Hybrids, 0744 Panicum iiliaceum, Effect;Pennisetum purpureum Cultivati 0579 x Pen o n methods, nisetum americanum,HybridsEstab_ China;Setaria italica,Yields, lishment 0641 Cutting date:Growth:Chemical 0770 Eff ;Co ct, xapa l chr compos, EffectJapan;Coix lachryma-jobjma- obi0642 ition, Drechslera Relationship;Eleusine coicis/Incider:-, coracana, 0505 Oxiais,Brazil,Theses;''ennisetum 0427 Cutting frequency, Cultivationamericanum, see also, EffectPueto Rico;Panicum 0190169 Frg~il Forage,Yields, maximum, Agronomic 5 0919 01 Agronompraet practices Cultural s Cutting frequency:Climatic methods Effect,Japan;Panicum factors, Tillage matter,Iv vitro digestibility,miximum,Dry Effect J693 ,Japan;Panicuv maximum,Dry CulturalFinicum control; miliaceum Cultural methods, matterYelds,a t; Y e d ,0 0694 9 purpureum, purpureum, Dry matter,In Cultural 0733 vitro digestibility, methods see also, Effect,Japan;Pennisetum 0693 Intercronping Dry matterYields, purpureum, Shading 0693 Culture (Plant) see, Ctigfrequency:Cutting Cutting 0694 Cultivation height, hih, 09 Culture Effect,Australia;Brachiaria media, decum Effect,Australia;Digitaria bensDry matter:Nitrogen content, decumb 0700

261 ens,Dry matter:Nitrogen content, 0?00 Cytology see also, EffectAustralia;Panicum maximum, Chromosomes Dry matter:Nitrogen content, 0700 Cyti-genetics Effect,Austral.ia;Setaria 3phacelats, Ultrestructure Dry matter:Nitrogen content, 0700 Cytoplasm, Cutting frequency:Nitrogen fertiliz- Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Hybr- ers, id8,Dry matter,Yields, 0103 Effect;Brachiaria decumbens,Forage, Effect;Pennisetum americauum,Hybr Nitrates/Accumulation, 0714 ids,Inflorescences, 0103 Effect;Brachiaria humidicola,Forage, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Hybr NitraLes/ALcumu1ation, 0714 ids,Seed characters, 103 Effect;Brachiari radicans,Forage, Cytoplasm see also, hitrates/Accumulation, 0714 Plastids Ef'ect;Panicum maximum,Forage,Nit- Cytoplasmic male sterility, rates/Accumulation, 0714 Development,(by)Mitomycin:Strepto Effect;Paspalum notatum,Forage, mycin;Pennisetum americanum,Muta Nitrates/Accumulation, 0714 tns, 0082 Effect;Paspalum saurae,Forage,Nit- India;Pennisetum americanum, 0072 rates/Accumulation, 0714 DNA, Effect;Setaria sphacelsta,Forage, Isolation;Pennisetum americanum, 0061 Nitrates/Accumulation, 0714 Organization;Pennisetuv americanum, Cutting frequency:Nitrogen fertiliz- Genomes, 0102 ers:Effect; Structure;Pennisetum americanum, Brachiaria ruziziensis,Foragc,Nit- Mitochondria, 0112 rates/Accumulation, 0714 Synthesis;Pennisetn americanum, 0068 Cutting height, Dalapon:Asulam; Effect;Brachiaria decumbens,Dry Panicum maximum,Control, 0901 matter,Yields, 0720 Dalapon:Glyphosate; Effect;Setaria splendida,Dry matter, Panicum maximum,Control, 0902 Yields, 0720 Dalapon:Tebuthiuron; Cutting height:Cutting frequency, Paspalun notatum,Sporobolus poire Effect,Australia;Brachiaria decum- tii,Control, 0956 bens,Dry matter:Nitrogen content, 0700 Dallis grass see, Effect,Australia;Digitaria decuwb- Paspalum dilatatum ens,Dry matter:Nitrogen content, 0700 Datura alba:Cannabis sativa; Effect,Australia;Panicum maximum, Eleusine coracana,Seedborne fungi, Dry matter:Nitrogen content, 0700 Control, 0535 Effect,Australia;Setaria sphacelata, Daylevgth see, Dry mf~tter:Nitrogen content, 0700 Photoperiod Cyanazine:EPTC, Decortication, Theses;Panicum miliaceum,Control, 0590 Mills;Pennisetum americanum, 0375 Cyanazine:Pendimethalin:Simazine; Deenanath grass see, Panicum miliaceumControl, 0592 Pennisetum pedicellatum Cyanazine:Tridiphane:Atrazine; Defoliation(Tillers), Panicum dichotomiflorum,Control, 0861 Grazing,Effect;Paspalum plicatzilum, 0928 Cyperus rotundus, Deforestation, Control,2,4-D;Pennisetum americanum, 0297 Effect;Panicum maximum,Yield5, 0918 Control,Atrazine;Pennisetum ameri- Deois incompleta/Resistance, canum, 0297 Australia;Brachiaria humidicola, 0778 Cytogenetics, Deoxyribonucleic acid see, India;Coix equgtica,Triploids, 0425 DNA Review articles;Pennisetum americ- Deserts, anum, 0134 India;Mil).ets,Infestation,Rodents, 0366 Cytology; Design; Eleusine,Species, 0482 Pennisctum americanum,Fertilizer Paspalum virgatum, 0929 distributors, 0299 Pennisetum americanum,Trisomics, 0120 Pennisetum americanum,.Seed drills, 0299 0152 Pennisetum americanum,Trisoly, 0119

262 Development:Growth, Light intensityEffect;Panicum Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Seed germination:Seedling maximum, emergence, 0029 Photoperiod,Effect;Panicum 0890 Diclofop; maximum, 0890 Digitaria Temperatures,Effect;Echinocbloa sanguinalis,Control, 0799 Eleusine frumentacea, indica,Control, 0847 Temperatures,Effect;Echinochloa 0441 Digestibility, utilis, Additives,Effect,Brazil;Pennisetum 0441 amer Temperatures,Effect;Panicum icanum,Silage, 0385 maximum, 0890 Trace elements,Effect;Millets, Australia;Setaria sphacelata x 0237 Setaria splendida,Hybrids, Development see also, 0982 Cattle;Digitaria decumbens,Dry Androgenesis Developmental stages matter, Embryogenesis Cattle;Setaria sphacelataDry mat- 0701 ter, Embryonic development 0701 Embryos Environmental factors,Effect;Pani cum Ontogeny coloratum,Forage, 0713 Seedlings Environmental fnctors,Effect;Seta ria macrostachyaForage, Senescence 0713 Intercropping,Effect,Theses;Penni Ti] lering Developmental biology setum americanum:Soybeans,Dry see, matter, Ontogeny 0263 Lignification,Effect;Paspalum dil Developmental stages; atatum,Hay, 0960 Pennisetum composition,americanum,Chemical Mesophyll:Parenchyma,Effect;Panicum, 0101 Species, Pennisetum americanum,Enzyme acti- 0924 vity, Sulphur,Effect,Sheep,Atistralia; 0101 Digitaria pentzii,Feeds, Developmental stages see also, 0825 Dormancy 0826 Emergencg Digestibility; Digitaria decumbens, 0803 HeadingFlowering Digestibility:Consumption, Larvae 0808 00 Lambs,Africa,Theses;Pennisetum Maturation period purpureum, 0734 Maturity s page Digestibility:Dry Rep-o ictive phases matter content; Vegetative period Panicum virgatum,Genetic Digestibility:Energy variation, 0915 Dextrins, content:Chemical Chemico-physical composition, properties;Eleus- Relationship;Brachiaria ine coracana, decumbens, 0546 Forage, Diallel analysis; 0698 Relationship;Brachiaria Pennisetum americanum,Inbred mutica, lines, Forage, Forage,Yields, 0698 0087 Dialle] crossing; Relationship;Digitaria decumbena, Forage, Pennisetum americanum,Inbred lines, 0698 Yields,Combining Relationship;Digitaria pentzii, ability,Studies, 0140 Forage, Diatraea grandiosella, 0698 Relationship;Paspalum Infestation/Timing,Effect;Pennise- dilatatum, -orage, tum americanum,Yield 0698 losses, 0354 Relationship;Pennisetum Planting date,Effect;lpennisetum clandesti num,Forage, americanum,Yield 0698 losses, 0354 Diatraea grandiosella; Relationship;Pennisetum purpureum, Forage, 0698 Pennisetum americanum, Dicalcium phosphate, 0350 Digestibility:Nutritive value:Chemi cal composition, Solubility;Brachiaria decumbens, RhizosaphereMicroorganisms, Changes,(during)Vegetative period; 0719 Echinochlo6 Solubility;Panicum crus-galli, 0460 maximumRhizos- Digestibility phere,Microorganismv, in vitro see, 0719 In vitro digestibility Dichlorornathane,

263 Digestibility see also, Roots,Extracts,(cs)Nematicides 0813 In vitro digestibility Digitaria Pigestion, eriantha, Leaves,Chloroplasts,Structure 0667 (by)Amylases,Microscopy;Paspalum Leave&,MitnchondriaStructure scrobiculatum,Starch, 0667 0625 Pastures,Grazing,South Africa 0023 Digit-ria, Photosynthesis,Savannas Cultivars,Forage,USA/Florida 0678 0827 Digitaria ischaemum, PasturesCuba 0683 Control,Herbicides khiosphere,Azospirillum,Nitrogen 0805 0831 0833 fixation 0182 Control,Primagram Sipha 0452 ficva/Resistauice,Evaluation 0824 Digitaria milanjiana, SpeciesContro1,Atrazine:Tridipiane 0688 Adapthbility,(to)Climatic factors, Species,ControlOxadiazon 0821 Australia Species,Grass establishmentAustr- 0699 Seed dormancy,Genetic variation, alia 0686 Australia Species,Lignin,Separntion 0813 0804 Digitaria pentzii, Species,Phenolic ac'ds:Forage/Qua- Feeds,Digestibility,Sulphur,Effect, lityRelstionbhip 0804 Sheep,Australia Digitaria ciliaris, 0825 Control,(by)Canopy,Management 0826 0829 Forage,Chemical composition:Diges Growth,Shading,Effect,Semiarid tibility:Energy content,Relation zones,ICRISAT 0829 ship Digitaria 0698 decumbens, Digitaris sanguinalis, Chemical composition:Yields,Nitro- (as)Weeds,Soutb Africa 0797 gen fertilizers,Effect,Brazil 0832 Chloroplasts,Polypeptides,Composi Composition:Yields,Trace elemena tion 0559 fertilizers:NPK fertilizers,Effect 0704 Control,Diclofop Cultivars,Nematode control,(by) 9799 Control,Diuron 0798 Mixed cropping 0812 Control,Fluazifop-butyl Digestibility 0595 0803 Control,Herbicides,Brazil 0671 0808 Control,Herbicides,USA/Nebraska Dry matter,Digestibility,Cattle 0674 0701 Control,Herbicides 0668 Dry matter,Nitrogen content 0818 0711 0806 0807 0815 0817 Dry matter,YieldsAmmonium nitrate: 0822 Sulphur coated ures,Effect 0702 Control,Metribuzin:Napropamide: Dry matter:Nitrogen content,Cutting Trifluralin 0679 frequency:Cutting height,Effect, Control,Primagram Australia 0452 0700 Control,Sethoxydim 0673 Establishment,Legumes,Effect 0820 Feeds,Goats 0828 0834 Leaves,Bundle sheath:Mesophyll, Feeda,Nutritive value,Cattle 0816 Aspartate,Mctbolism 0830 Feeds,Sheep 0834 Leaves,Bundle Forage,Chemical sheath:Mesophyll, cow csition:Diges- Protein compositionComparison tibility:Energy 0823 content,Relation- Leaves,Bundle sheath:Mesophyll, shin 0698 Protein composition,Gene expression 0823 Forage,Nitrogen fixation 0729 Leaves,ProteinsElectrophoresis Forage/Quality:Stolons,Grazing 0814 Mercury/Vapour,Uptake 0558 effects 0819 Viruses,Philippines Leaves,Photosynthates/Partitioning, 0670 Digitaria see also, Circadian rhythm,Effect 0801 Digitaria ciliaris Light distribution:Photosynthesis: Digitaria decumbens Plant height,Chlormequat:GA,Effect 0697 Digitaria eriantha Pasture composition,(effect on) Digitaria ischaemum Feed intakeCattle 0710 Digitaria zilanjiana Pastures,Feeding,Lambs,Australia 0800 Digitaria pentzii Pastures,Legumes,Establishment 0802 Digitaria sanguinalis Pastures,Litter/Measurement,Austr- Digitaria smutsii alia 0672 Pastures 0809

264 Digitaria smutaii, Adaptability,(to)Climatic factors, P me,India/Kdrnataka Coracan, "" Australia 053usine 08100699 Drechslera Forage,Yields India/Karnataka;Pennisetumsetarine, 053 0724 anumSeeds,Infestation, Dihydrostreptomycin americ see, 030 Drought, Streptomycin Diploids; Pennisetum Effect,Arid regionsIndia;Pennise-. americanumTetraploids/ tum Dipoge americanum,Yields, Drought resistance, 0160 0075 ABA,Role;Pennisetum americanum, Cbromosomes,Behaviour;Paspalum, Genotypes, 0952 ResearchICRISAT;Pennisetum 0027 Embryonic development;Paspalum, ameri Pollen viability;Paspalum, 0952 0952 canum, Directories; 0053 Pennisetum americanum,Scientists, Screening,Techniques,Theses;Penni 0008 Disease resistance; setum americanum, 0147 Pennisetum americanum, Drought resistance; 0313 Eirun, Millets, Pennisetum americanum, Environmentalalum distichum, factors,Effect;Pasp- 0044 0933 Drought tolerance, Dithane:Hinosan:Kitazin; Effect;Ppnnisetum americanum,Yields, Evaluation;Brachiaria 0040 Eleusine coracana,Pyricularia humidicola, set- 0793 ariae,Control, Drought tolerance; 0541 Diurnal Panicum milincem,Callus, variation:Water stress, 0563 Effecc;Peunisetum americanum,Leaves, Dry farming, ArA/Accu lation, Ildia;Eieueie coracana, Diuron; 0049 india;MilletsYield 0272 increases,Agr Digitaria sanguinalis,Control onomic practices, 0798 0218 India;Pennisetum americanum, Domestication, 0266 Effect;Eleusine.Species,Reproduct_ ive behaviour, India;Pennisetum americanum,Forage Effect;Eleusine 0470 Yields, 0272 coracana,Reproduc- 0257 tive behaviour, India;Pen0isetum americalumLand Domesticatioe; 0470 use, Elesie,Speciesi,0les:Pollen 0283 India;Pennisetum americPnum,Yie~ds, RatioChangee Sowing methods,Effect, Dormancy, 0850 0215 India;Pennisetum americanum,Yields, Anaesthetics,Effect;Setaria TillageEffect, faberi, 0991 0215 Dormancy see also, India;Setaria italics, 0272 Seed dormancy India;Setgria itaiicaYieldsTill- Dosage effect; ageEffect, Panicum maximum,Seed IndiaGuaat;Pennietum 0215 production, americanum, Nitrogen Grain yield,Spacing,Effect, fertilizers, 0209 0872 Technology,lndia;Eleusine Double coracana, Effect,(on)Irrigatedcropping, soils;Millets, Technology,lndia;PennisetumYielda,Improvement, 0281 Yields, ameri 0279 canum,Yields,lmprovement DownycldeSclerospora wor graminicois r o Technology,Iudia;Setaria 0281 Drechslera Yields,Improvement, italica, coicis, 0281 ControlSeed treatmentJapan;Coix Dry farming; lachryma-jobi, Pennisetum aiericanum,YieldsNitr_ 0431 Drechslera coicis/Incidence, ogen fertiizers,Effect, 0217 Cultivation methodB,EffectJapan; Pennisetum americanum,YieldsPlant Coix lachryma-jobi, density,Effect, Drechslera 0427 0217 coicis/Infection, Pennisetum americanum,Yields,Spac- ingEffect, Japan;Coix Drecholera lachryma-jobi, 0217 nodulosa, 0428 Dry matter, Control,(by)Seed Chemical treatment,(with) composition,Soil moisture, Effect;Eleusine coracana, 0506

265 Digestibility,Cattle;))igitaria Paspalum notatum, 0948 decumbens, 0701 Yields;Paspalum:Afalfa Mixel cro Digestibility.Cattle;Setaria qpha- pping, 0964 celata, 070J Dry matter:Nitrogen contcnt, Digestibility,Intercropping.Effect, Cutting frequency:Cutting height, Theses;Penuisetum americanum:Soy- Effect,Australia;Brachiaria decu beans, 0263 mbena, 0700 Growth:YieldsSoil moisture,Effect; Cutting frequency:Cutting height, Eleusine coracana, 0506 Effect,Australia;Digitaria decum In vitro digestibility,Cutting bens, 0700 frequency:Climatic factors,Effect, Cutting frequency:Cutting height, Japan;Panicum maximum, 0693 Effect,Australia;Panicum uaxinmum, 0700 In vitro digestibility,Cutting Cutting frequency:Cutting height, frequency:Climatic factors,Effect, Effect,Australia;Setaria sphacel Japan;Pennisetum purpureum, 0693 ata, 0700 Nitrogen content;Digitaria decumb- Dry matter sccumulation:Nitrogen ens, 0818 assimilation, Yields,Ammonium nitrate:Sulphur Nitrogen-fizing bacteria,Inorulat coated urea,Effect;Digitaria dec- ion,Effect;Panicum coloratum, 0926 umbens, 0702 Dry matter content:Digestibility; Yields,Ammonium nitrate:Sulphur Panicum virgatum,Genetic variation, 0915 coated urea,Effect;Paspalum nota- Dry matter see also, tum, 0702 Dry matter accumulation Yields,Animal manures:Fertilizers, Dry matter content Effect;Pennisetum purpureum, 0754 Dung see, Yiels,Cutting frequency:Climatic Farmyard manure factors,Effect,Japan;Panicum max- Dwarf mutants see, irrm, 0693 Mutants 0691. Dwarfism, Yields,Cutting frequency:Climatic (by) Ethyl methanesulphonate;Penn factors,Effect,Japan;Pennisetum iserum arericanum,Mutants, 0100 purpureum, 0693 Theses;Pennisetum americanum, 0089 0694 EDPP see, Yields ,Cutting height ,Effect ;Brac- Edifenphos hiaria decumben, 0720 EPTC; Yields,Cutting hIeight,Effect;Seta- Panicum miliaceum,Control, 0597 ri.a splendida, 0720 EPTC:Cyanazine, Yields,Cytoplasm,Effect;Pennisetum Theses;Panicum miliaceum,Control, 0590 americanum,Hybrids, 0103 Echinochloa, Yields,Environmental factors,Effect; Species,Control,Herbicides 0839 Paspalur, dilatatum, 0941 Species,Control,Thiobencarb 0e8 Yields ,Eiironmental factors,Effect; Species,Control,Trifluralin 0840 Paspalum notatum, 0941 Species,Weed competition,Nitrogen Yields,Evaluation,TUSA/Louisiana; fertilizers,Effect 0836 Paspalum dilatatum, 0959 Species:VarietiesCharacters 0841 Yieids,Evaluation,USA/Louisiana; Echinochl.oa colonum, Paspalum notatum, 0959 NPK fertilizers,Uptake:Use effici- Yields,Ferti].izers,Effect,(under) ency,Clipping:Soil moisture,Effect 0837 Irrigated cond-tions,Australia; Protease inhibitors 0036 Brachiaria mutica, 0790 Viruses,Philippines 0670 Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect; Echinochloa crus-galli, Panicum, 0904 Alachlor:Metolachlor,Absorption, Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers ,Effect; Comparison 0446 Panicum virgatum, 0874 Alachlor:Metolachlor,Mobility,Com Yieids,Phosphorus fertilizers,Eff- parison 0446 ect;Brachiaria decumbens, 0780 Alachlor:Metolachlor,Phytotoxicity, YieldsPhoophorus residual effect, Comparison 0446 India;Pennisetum americanum, 0232 Carbohydrates,Content 0419 Yields,Recurrent selection,Effect; Chemical composition,Temperatures,

266 Effect 0442 Silage,Storcge Chemical composition:Digestibility: 045 Usti'lago parodoxa/Incidence,India/ Nutritive value,Changes,(during) Haharashtra Vegetative period 045 0460 Ustilago parodoxa/Resistance,Sce ChloroplastsPhysiological functions,Simetryne,Effect ening 0440 045, Control,Atrazine:Tridiphane Yields,Farmyard manure,Application 0688 methods,Effect,(in)Wetlands Control,Fluazifop-butyl 0451 0595 Yields,Weeding/Timing.Effect Control,Herbicides 053 0454 Yields 045 Control,Primagram 0668 Echinochloa frumentacea:Panicum 0452 mil ControlSethoxydim iaceum:Setaria italica, 0673 Seed Feedu,Composition,Indis germination,Amylases/Activity, 0374 Comparison FeedsNutritiv 0625 valuelndia 0374 Germination,Anaerobiosis Seed germination,Carbohydrates, 0443 Comparison Germination,Cooling:ThawingEffect 062S GerminationNonionic 0437 Echinochloa oryzicola, surfactants, Leaves,PhotosynthesisRate Effect 0423 0436 Seeds,Alcohol Germplasm,India dehydrogenase,Activity 0835 Growth,Climatic 0422 Echinochloa poly3tachya, factors,Effect 0448 Forage,Rabbit Growth,TemperaturesEffect feeding,Tropics 0712 0442 Echinochloa Herbicides,Analysis polystachyn:Legumes, 0453 Leaf temperature:Leaf Yields,(under)Mixed cropping,USA/ water poten- Florida tial:Transpiration,Meteorological 0695 Echinochloa see also, factors,Effect,(iu)Flooded land, Philippines Echinochloa colonum 0449 Performance Echinochloa crus-galli testing 0636 Echinochloa Populations,Morphlogy,Japan frumentacea 0435 Echinochloa oryzicola Seed dispersal,Liquid manures,Eff- Echinocbloa ect,Netherlands polystacbya 0445 Echinochloa utilis Seed longevity,Liquid manures,Eff- ect,Netherlands Echinochloa utilis, 0445 Chemical Seedlings,Metabolisa,Anaerobiosis composition,Temperatures, 0444 Effect Seedlings,Plastids,Development, 0442 Development:GrowthTemperatures, Anaerobiosis 0447 Effect Seeds,Metabolis,Anaerobiosis 0443 GrowthTemperaturesEffect 0441 Varieties,Germination.Anaerobiosis 0442 0438 Ecology, 0439 Sri Lanka;Pennisetum Varieties ,GerminationhMetabolic polystachyon, 0731 inhibitors,Effect 0764 0438 Economic evaluation, 0439 Echinochloa crus-galli see also, India/Karnataka,Thesec;Eleusine coracana,Farming systems, Echinochloa frumentacea 0525 Echinochloa frumentacea, India/Orissa;Eleusine coracana: LegumesIntercropping, Crop-weed opetition,Critical 0526 period Economics, 0532 India;Pennisetum Development:Growth,Temperatures, americanum,Grain yield,Fertilizers,Use, Effect 0210 0441 FeedeNutritive India;Pennisetum americanum,Grain value 0451 yieldTechnology/Adoption, Genmplasm,Collections,India 0210 Growth 0421 Ecotypes, 0451 Incect control,1nsecticidesIndia Forage,Yields,Theses;aspalum dil 0459 atatum, Insect pests,India 0934 0458 Seed production,Site factors,Effect; 0459 Panicum Research,India virgatum, 0910 0021 Edifenphos:Captafol, 0416 0417 0433 0434 Seedborne fungi.lndia/Uttar India/Kernataka;Eleusine coracana, Pradesh 0456 Pyricularia grisea,Control, Seedlings,Germination,Seedborne 0540 fungi,Effect 0456

267 Egypt, Flours,Chemical composition Theaes;Pennicetum 0545 purpureum,Cultu- Food products,Amino acids:Vitamin ral metbods,Effect, 0733 B,Losses,(due to)Cooking,lndia/ Theses;Pennisetum purpureum,Respo- Andhra Pradeah 0397 nse,(to)Fertilizers, 0730 Fungal diseases,Rcview Egypt; articles 0302 Gene interaction,Yjield components, Pennisetum purpureum,Chemical com- Theses 0487 position:Uields,Plant density, Genes,Regulation 0138 Effect, 0768 Genetic variation,Agronomic Electrophoreois; chars cteristics,India 0486 Coix lachryma-jobi,Protein compos- Genomes,Organisation 0138 ition, 0424 GenotypesGrowth:Yields,(under) Digitaria sanguinalia,Leaves,Prot- Rain-fed farming C51i ein3, 0814 Genotypes,Growth:Yields,Paper mill Elephant gross see, sludge,Effect,Theses Pennisetum 0509 purpureum Genotypes,Nitrate reductase/Activ Eleusine, ity,Light intensity:Nitrate fert. Species,Chromosome number 0482 ilizers,Effect,Theses 0478 Species,Cytology 0482 Germination,Berberis/Fruit Species,Ovules:Pollen,Ratio,Changes, pulp, Effect 0473 (during)Domestication 0850 Germplasm,Collections,India 0418 Species,Reproductive behaviour, 0421 Domestication,Effect 0470 Germplasm,Collections,India/Himac Eleusine africana see, hal Pradesh 0483 Eleusine indica Germplasm,Collections,Zambia Eleusine coracana, 0124 Germplasm,India 0422 Brewing 0551 Grain yield,lrrigation Catalase:Peroxidase,Insecticides, scheduling: Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect,India/ Effect 0474 Andhra Pradesh 0499 Chemical composition:Cutting date: Grain yield,Irrigation Growth,Relationship scheduling/ 0505 Method,EffectIndia/Andhra Pradesh Crop-weed 0500 competition,Critical Grain yield,Light intensity,Effect, period 0532 India/Andhra Pradesh Crop-weed competition 0510 0528 Grain yield,Nitrogen fertilizers, Cropping systems,Alfivols,Semiarid Effect,(on)Sandy soils,India/And zones,India 0286 hra Pradesh Cultivars,Evaluation,India 0519 0422 Grain yield,Nitrogen fertilizers, Dextrins,Chemico-physical properties 0546 Effect 0517 Drechslera nodulosa,Control,(by) Grain yield,Spacing,Effect Seed 0517 treatment,(with)Panoctine, Growth,Glonvjs fasciculatus:Strept India/Karnataka 0537 omyces cinnamomeous,Interaction, Dry farming,India 0272 Effect 0496 Dry matter,Chemical composition, Growth:Yields,NPK fertilizers,Eifeci. 0518 Soil moisture,Effect 0506 Growth:Yields,Saline water/Irrige Dry mattecGrowth:Yields,Soil moi- tion,Effect 0501 sture,Effect 0506 Helminthosporium Evapotranspiration,adjation nodulosum,Fungic energy 0476 ides,Foliar application,Effect Extension,Nepal 0495 0462 Heterodera gambiensis,Occurrence, Farming systems,Economic evaluation, India 0542 India/Karnataka,Tbeses 0525 Feeds,CompositionIndia 0543 0374 High yielding varieties,Performance Feeds,Nutritive value,India 0374 testing,India/Andhra Pradesh 0484 Feeds,Nutritive value,Pigs 0547 Husks,Feeds,Rat 0549 FeedsRumen/Acidosis,(in)Buffalo Induced mutations,Mutagens,India calf 0485 0548 Insect pests,India/Karnataka 0544 Fermented foods,Manufacture,Indon- Leaves,Chlorophyl1/Retention,Inoe ecia 0552 cticides,Effect FieldsHeat 0474 flow,Variatiou,Semiarid Leaves,O-Diphenol oxidase:Peroxid zones 0477 aee,Growth regulators,Effect,

268 (during)Senescence 0475 LeavesOrnithine-oxo-acid fertilizerz:Soil moisture,Effect, aminotr- India ansferasejrinetitsWater 0494 stress, Surface irrisation,Effect,India, Effect 0472 Theses 0498 Leaves,Pyricularia grisea/Suscept- ibilityTemperatures,gffect Varieties,Emergence:Germination: Leaves,Pyricularia 0536 7igour,Seed hardening,Effect,Theses oryzaeiSuscept- Varieties,Growth,Geographical 0479 ibility,Temperatures,Zffect dis 0536 tribution,Effect Magnesium/Uptake:Liming:Magnesium 0480 Varieties,Rarvest fertilizers:Potassium index:Yields, fertilizers: Relations.hip Soil 0504 types,Effect 0516 Varieties,Performance Malt,(for)Beers,Manufacture tescingNepal 0488 0551 Varieties,Yields,Phenot5,ic alt,WeaningFoods stabi 0550 lity,India Mutants,Genetic variation:Quantit- 0507 Variety trials,Nepal 0489 ative traits,India 0485 Nutrient 0490 uptake:Water use efficie- Water ncy:Yieldku,Nitrogen-phospborus use efficiency,(during)Summer, India/Karnataka,Theses fertilizers,Effect,India,Theses 0508 0520 Water use Nutrient efficiency,lndia,Theses 0498 uptake:Yields,Neem cake Water coated/Nitrogeu use efficiency,Irrigation fertilizers,Effect 0521 scheduling/Method,EffectIlndia/ Performance testing,India/Himachal Andhra Pradesh 0500 Pradesh 0483 Performance Weed control,Alachior:2,4-D:Simazine 0533 testing 0636 Weed control,Neburon:2,4-D Phosphorus 0530 uptake,Phosphorus fert- Weed control,Propanil ilizers,Effect 0531 0514 Weed control,Reserch,India Production cost,(during)Summer, 0290 Yield ccmponents,11eritability,Theseb 0487 India/Karnataka,Theses 0508 Protease Yield losses,(due to)Pyricularia inhibitors 0036 grisea,Theses Pyricularia 0538 grisea,Control,(by) Yield losses,(due Seed treatment,(with)Panoctine, to)Pyricularia grisea India/Karnataka 0539 0537 Yieldn,(during)Summer,India/Karna Pyricularia grisea,Control,Captafol: taka,Theses Edifenphos,India/Karnataka 0508 0540 Yields,Genetics,Theses Pyricularia setariae,ControlDith- 0487 Yields,Green manures:Organic fert ane:Hinosan:Kitazin 0541 Reproductive ilizero,Effect,(in)Tropical soils, behaviour,Domesticat- India ion,Effect 0492 0470 Yields,Improvement,Dry farming, Research,India 0021 TechnologyIndia 0281 0463 0464 Research,Mountain 0468 Yields,India/Orissa areas,Nepal 0461 Yields,Liming:Magn-sium 0503 Research,Nepal fertilizers: 0462 Potassium fertilizers,Effect, 0465 0466 0467 0469 RhizospbereMicroflora,Fungicides, (in)Acid soils 0515 Yields,Magnesium,Effect,India 0491 Foliar application,Effect 0495 Seedborne Yields,Mycorrhizas,Inoculation, fungi,Control,(by)Datura Effect,India alba:Cannabis 0497 sativa 0535 Yields,Nitrogen Seedborne fertilizers,Effect, fungi,'ontrol,Hot water (under)Rain-fed treatment farming,India 0513 0306 Yields,Nitrogen Seedlingo,Acid fertilizers,Effect, phospbatase:Proteins: India Pyrophosphatasea,Water 0512 stress, Yields,Pyricularia Effect grisea/Incidence, 0471 Effect,Theses SeedsEnzyme inhibitors,Isolation, 0538 (by)Chrotaatography Yields,Saline water/Irrigation, 0481 Effect,India/Andhra Senescence,Grouth Pradesh 0502 regulators,Effect 0475 Yields,Soil fertility/Management, SenescenceInsecticidesEffect 0474 Effect,India 0241 Soil deficiencies,Weeds,Effect 0528 Soil Yields,Soil moiature,Effect,India, moisture,Irrigation scheduling/ Theses Method,Effect,India/Andhra 0498 Pradesh 0500 Yields,Weeding/Timing,Effect Soil nitrogen/Availability,Nitrogen 0529 0532

269 Yields,Yellow leaf disease,Effect 0534 Embryos(Immature),Culture media, 0157 Eleusine coracana:Berberis, Embryonic development; Allelopathy PaspalumDiploids:Tetrnploids, 0952 Eleusine coracana:Cotton:Sorghum, Embryonic developmnet(Somatic); Yielda,Nltrogen fertilizers,Effect, Pennisetum americanur.,Tiasue cult (under)Sequential cropping 0523 ure, 0156 Eleusine coracana:Groundnuts, Embryos(Immature), Cover,(for)Runoff control 0493 Culture media,Embryoids,Ontogeny; Eleusine coracana:Legumes, Pennisetum avericanum, 0157 Intercropping,(on)Upla.d soils, Emergence, (in)Wet season,India/Orisam 0526 Seed treatment,Effect;Panicuta max Intercropping,Economic evaluation, imum, 0895 India/Orissa 0526 Seed weight,Effect;Panicum maximum, 0895 Eleusine coracana:Lucerne, Soil moisture,Effect;Panicum ma-i Growth:Yields,Planting methodt;, mum, 0895 Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, lemperatureE,Effect;Panicum maximum, 0895 (under)Intercropping,lndia/Karna- Emergence:Germination:Vigour, takaTheses 0524 Seed hardening,EffectTheses;Eleu Eleusine coracana:Maize, sine coracana,Varieties, 0479 Yields,(under)Intercropping,Mount- Emergence see ilso, ain areas,Nepal 0527 Seedling emergence Eleusine coracana:Soybean, Energy content:Chemical compocition: Growth:Yields,Planting methods: Digestibility, Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, RelaLionship;Brachiaria decumbens, (under)Intercropping,India/Karna- Forage, 0698 taka,Theses 0524 Relationship;Brachiaria nutica, Yields,Sowing methods,Effect,(under) Forage, 0698 Intercropping,Indis/Madhya Pradesh 0420 Relationuhip;Digitaria decumbeus, Eleusine coracana:Wheat, Forage, 0698 Sequential cropping,Nitrogen econ- Relationship;Digitaria pentzii, omy,India/Uttar Pradesh 0522 Forage, 0698 Eleusine indica, Relationship;Paspalum dilatatum, (as)Weeds,South Africa 0842 Forage, 0698 Control,Diclofop 0847 Relationship;Pennisetum clandesti Control,Herbicides,Brazil 0671 num,Forage, 0698 Control,Herbicides 0844 Relationship;Pennisetum purpureum, 0845 0848 Forage, 0698 Control,Metribuzin,Application Enterobacter cloaceae, methods 0843 Cbina;Penisetum americanum,Nitro Control,Metribuzin:Napropamide: gen fixation, 0190 Trifluralin 0679 Nitrogen fixation,Activity,(in) Control,Oxadir.zon:Bensulide 0846 Culture media,China 0190 Hosts,Spodoptera frugiperda 0849 Entomology, Eleusine see alao, Research,Seuegal;Millets, 0343 Eleusine coracana Environmental factors, Eleusine indica Effect,India;Pennisetum americanum, Embryo development see, Genotypes,Growth:Yields, 0130 Embryonic development Effect,Sri Lanke;Pevnisetun polys Embryo growth see, tachyon,Germination, 0763 Eirabyonic development Effect;Ppnicum coloratum,Forage, Einbryogenesio(Somatic), Digestibility, 0713 (in)Culture mediaPennisetum purp- Effect;Paspanlum dilatatum,Dry mat ureum,Inflorescericeos ,Tissues, 0776 ter,Yields, 0941 (in)Tissue culture;Panicum maximum, 0883 Effect;Paspalum dilatatum,Fibre Embryoids, conteut, 0941 Formation;Pennisetum americanum, Effect;Paspalum dilatatum,In vitro Inflorescencez,Culture media, 0156 digestibility, 0941 Ontogeny;Pennisetum americanum, 0157 Effect;Paspalum distichum,Distrib Ontogeny;Pennisetum americanum, ution, 0933

270 Effect;Paspalum notatum,Apomixis, 0930 rovement 0855 Effect;Paspalum notatum,Dry matter, Chlurosic 0855 Yields, 0941 Chromosome numberDetermination, Effect;Paspalum notatum,Fibre con- StoLata 0854 cent, 0941 Punch planting,(for)Grass establi Effect;Paspalum notatum,In vitro shment 0690 digestibility, 0941 Yields,Copper mine wastes,Effect, Effect;Pennisetum emericanum,Muta- (in)Semiarid climate,USA/Arizona 0852 nts,Chlcropbyll,Synthesis, 0113 Eragrostis lehmanniana, Effect;Setaria macrostachya,Forage, Yields,Copper mine wastesEffect, Digestibility, 0713 (in)Semiarid climate,USA/Arizona 0852 Enzyme activity, Eragrostis pallens, (during)Developmental stages;Penn- Leaves,Chloroplasts,Structure 0667 iaetum americanum, 0101 Leaves,Mitochondria,Structure 0667 Enzyme activity; Eragroatic retinens, Panictnm,Leaves, 0892 Leaves,Anatomy:Forage/Quality,Rel Enzyme inhibitors, ationship 0681 Isolation,(by)Chromatography;Eleu- Eragrostis see also, sine coracana,Seeds, 0481 Eragrostis curvule Enzyme inhibitors see also, Eragrostis lebmanniana Protease inhibitors Eragrostis pallens Enzymes, Eragrostis retinens Role;Panicum milioides,Photosynth- Eragrostis superba esis, 0870 Eragrostis superba, Enzymes; Yields,Coppez mine dastesEffect, Brachiaria mutica,Nitrogen assimi- (in)Semiarid cliukite,USA/Arizona 0852 lation, 0725 Erosion:Runoff, Panicum maximumNitrogen assimila- (from)Oxisols,Nigeria;Panicum max tion, 0725 imum, 0891 Pennisetum purpureum,Nitrogen ass- Erysiphae polygoni, imilation, 0725 Severity;Pennisetum americanum: Enzymes see also, Green gram,Intercropping, 0264 Acid phoophatase Establishment, Alanine aminotransferase Cutting date,Effect;Pennisetum Alcohol dehydrogenase purpureum x Pennisetum americanum, Amylases Hybrids, 0770 Aspartate amino transferase Herbicides;Panicum maximum, 0867 Catalase Legumes,Effect;Digitaria decumbens, 0820 Nitrate reductase Establishment:Management; O-Diphenol oxidase Pennisetum flaccidum, 0741 Ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransferase Pennisetum orientale, 0741 Peroxidase Establishment see also, Pyrophosphatases Grass establishment Epidemiology; Ethanol, Pennisetum americanum,Sclerospora Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Seed graminicola, 0318 germination:Seedling emergence, U029 Penuisetum americanum,Sclezospora Ether, graminicola,Sporangia, 0328 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Seed Epidermis, germination:Seedling emergence, 0029 Mucilages,Structure;PaspalumRoots, 0938 Ethiopia/ICRISAT; Eragrostideae, Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0010 Numerical taxonomy 0853 Ethyl alcohol see, Eragrostis, Ethanol Species,Cochliobolus/Infection 0851 Ethyl methanesulphonate; Species,Interspecific hybridization 0675 Pennisetum americanum,Induced mut Eragrostis curvula, ations, 0100 (as)Soil conditioners 0718 Pennisetum americanum,Mutants,Dva Adaptability,(to)Calcareous soils 0855 rfism, 0100 Breeding,(for)Iron deficiency,Imp

271 Evaporative demand see, Water balance eumFoliage, Evapotranspiration Sheep,Indonesia;Penrisetum purpur eumFcliage, Radiation energytEleusine 0748 Exotics/Germplasm, coracana, 0476 Feed supplements, CattleAustralia;Panicum Inbred lines,Development;Pennisetum maximum, Cattle,Australia;Paspalum 0705 americanum, plicatu Extension, 0080 lum, 0705 Nepal;Eleusine Cattle,Australia;Searia coracana, 0462 sphacelata, 0705 Extracts, Eifect;Paspalum dilatatum,Feed intake, (as)Nematicides;Digitaria 0944 Roots, decumbens, Feeding, 0813 Lambs,Australia;Digitaria Flhybrids, Pastures, decumbens, 0800 Chromosome translocation,Meiosis; Feeding see also, Pennisetum americanum, Starch/AccumulationGenetic 0128 Animal feeding analysis;Pennisetum Rabbit feeding americanum x Penn- isetum mollissimnum, Weaning 0083 Farming systems, Feeding stuffs see, Feeds Economic evaluation,lndia/Karnataka, Theses;Eleusine coracana, Feeds, Research,ICRISAT;Pennisetum 0525 (cause of)Oxalates/Poisoning,(in) americanum, Cattle,Brazil;Setaria anceps, 0261 0988 Semiarid zones,Nigeria;Pennisetum Cattle;Brachiaria decumbens,Pastu- americanum, res, 0276 0779 Farming systems see also, Cattle;Millets,Lipids, Cattle;Panicum 0388 maximum, 0868 FarmyardPastures manure, Cattle;Paspalum dilatatum, 0942 Application methods,Effect,(in) 0944 Cattle;Pennisetum clandestinum, 0739 Yields,Wetlands;Echinochloa frumenracea, Chemical Effect,India;Pennisetum 0450 value,Sheep,India;Panicumcomposition:Nutritive americanum, miliac Yields, eum, 0610 Effect,Theses;Penniset~im 0241 Composition,India;Echinochloa americanum, crus Phosphorus:Zinc,Uptake, galli, 0374 Effect,Tbeses;Pennisetum 0233 Composition,,India;Eleusine americanum, coracana, 0374 Yields, Composition,India;Pennisettm amer Farmyard 0233 icanum, manure:NPK fertilizers, 0374 Comparison,(under)Sequential Digestibility,Sulphur,Effect,Sheep, cropping,India/Rajasthan;Pennisetum Australia;Digitaria pentzii, 0825 americanum:Mung bean:Wheat, Farmyard 0235 Goats,Brazil;Pennisetum 0826 manure:Nitrogen fertilizers, purpureum, Effect,(under)Rotations;Pennisetum Crop residues, 0751 americanum:WeatYields, Goats;DigitAria decumbens, 0242 Nutrient 0834 contents:Nutritive value, FattyAnalysis;Pennisetum acids, americanum, 0372 Poultry;Panicum miliaceum, Feed digestibility see, Nutritive value,Cattl'e;Digitaria 0607 Digestibility decumbene, 0816 Nutritive value,India;Echinochloa C a e, crus-galli, Cattle;Brachiariacomposition, mutica,Pasture 0374 0710 Nutritivecoracana, valueIndia;Eleusine Cattle;Digitaria decumbens,Pasture 0374 composit ion, Nutritive value,India;Pennisetum 0710 Cattle;Panicum maximum,Pasture americanum, Nutritive 0374 composition, value,Nitrogei fertiliz- Feed 0710 ers,Effect,New supplements,Effect;Paspalum Zealand;Paspalum, 0958 dilatatum, Nutritive value,Pigs;Eleusine 0944 cor Feed preferences, can,547 Goats,lndonesia;Pennisetum 0Nutritive value,Poultry;Panicum purpur- miliaceum, 0608

272 0609 Fertilizers, iutritivepurpureum valueThess;Pennisetum x Pennisetum americanum, Effect,(under)Intercropping;Setaria Hybrids, italica:Soybean,Yields, 0737 Effect,(under)Irrigated 0648 Nutritive value;Echinochloa conditions, ntacea, frume- Aurtalia;Brachiaria mutica,Dry Nutritive 0451 matc.er,Yields, value;Pennisetum americ- 0790 anum, Effect;Panicum muximum,Seedlings, 0389 Growth, Poultry;PennisetumPigs;Pennisetum 0893 americanum,americanum, 0386 0387 Effect;PanicumYields, virgatum,Forage, Poultry;Setaria italica, Rat;Eleusine 0663 Egypt,Theses;Pennisetum 0913 coracnna,Husks, purpareum, 0549 Response, Rodents;Pennisetu americanum, Rumen/Acidosis,(in)Buffalo 0367 Use,Economics,india;Pennisetum 0730 calf; Eleusine americanum,Grain coracana, yield, 0210 Sheep;Digitaria 0548 Fertilizers;Anmal decumbens, 0834 manures, Sheep;Paspalum dilatatum, Effect;Pennisetum purpureum,Dry Feeds; 0944 matterYieldG Fertilizers:Irrigation:Soils, 0754 Feeds see also, For age 0390 Effect;Paspalum notatum,Grasa eat- Hay ablishment, 0946 SilageHiage Fertilizers:Soil management, Effect Straw yielding-;Penuisetumvarieties,Yields, auericanumHigh Fertilizers 0285 Fermen~at ion, see also, (for)Alcoholic beverages;Milletb Fertilizer -ombinatic=; Wlit, Gypsum Fermentation 0398 Magnesium products see, fer.ilizern Fermented fooda NPR ferti lizers NPK Fermented foods, fertilizers Manufacture,lndonesia;Eleusine Ntrogen fertilizers cor~sna cortait, OrganicNitrogen fertilizer fertilizers Fertility, 0552 Phosphorus Phosphorus fertilizer Hale seMale fertility potassium fertilizers 3 Fertility, Potassium fertizero Pennioetum americanum,Tetraploid Slow release fert*lizers 3 , 0141 Trace Penrisetum americanum,Trisomics, element fertilizers Fertility ee also, 0152 Fibre content Male fertility Environmental factors,Effect;Pasp- Fertilizer application alum dilatatum, Sequential Environmental 0941 cropping;Panicum milia- factors,Effect;Pasp_ ceum, alum notatum, Fertilizer 0583 0941 application see alsc, Light intensity,Effect;Paspalum Starter dilatatum, dressings 0940 Fertilizer combinaLions, Light. intensity,Effect;Paspalum Effect,lndia/Haryana;Penniisetum notatum, americanum,Hybrids,Yields, Soil moisture,Effect;Paspalum 0940 Fertilizer 0246 atatum, dil combinations see also, Fertilizer Soil moisture,Effect;Paspalum 0940 herbicide combinations not- Fertilizer distributors, atum, Design;Pennisetum Temperatures,Effect;Paspalum 0940 americanum, dila 0299 tatum, Fertilizer herbicide combinations, Temperatures,Effect;Paspalum 0940 Effect,Cattle,USA/Oklahoma;Panicum nota scribnerianum,Grazing tum, Effect,Cattle,USA/Oklahoma;Panicumehaviour, 0859 Fields, virgatum,Graziag Heat flow,VariationSemiarid 0940 behaviour, zones; Fertilizer 0859 Eleusine coracana, requirement determination, 0477 Methods ,Eval-ation,India/Delhi; Finger millet see, Eleusine coracana Pennisetuxi americanum, 0224

273 Flooded land, Forage, Philippines;Echinochloa crus-galli, Chemical composition:Digestibility: Leaf temperature:Leaf wa,.er pote- Energy content,Relationship;Brac nt .. al ;Tzanrpirat ion,Meteorological hiaria decumbens, 0698 factorsEffect, 0449 Chemical composition:Digestibility: Flours, Energy content ,Relationship ;Brac Chemical composition;Eleusine cor- hiaria mutica, 0698 acana, 0545 Chemical composition:Digzautibi lity: Food products,ligeria;Pennisetum Energy content,lelstiinhip;Digi aseer icaIum, 0396 taria decumbens, 0698 Infestation,Sitophilus zeamais; Chemical composition:Digestibility: rPfliretum americanuu, 0332 Energy content,Relationship;Digi Infetantion,Tribolim castaneum; taria pentzii, 0698 Penninetum americanum, 0332 Chemical composition),Digestibility: TlJesAfrica;Ni] lets, 0003 Energy cortent,Relationahip;Pasp FIo;ering, alum dilatatum, 0698 Nitrogen fert I izers,Effect,Austr- Chemical crmposition:Digestibility: alitL ;Pennisetum americanum, 0229 Energy content ,Relationship;Penn Fluazifoip-butyl, isetum clandestinum, 0698 M aboism:Translocation:Uptake; Chemical composition:Digestibility: Setaria ita.ico, 0631 Energy content ,Relationship;Penn Fluazifop-butyl; isetum purpureum, 0698 Digitaria sanguinal is,Control, 0595 Digestib li'y,Environmental factors, Echinochloa crus-galli,Control, 0595 Effect;Pavi 'um coloratum, 0713 Ponicum mlliaceui,Control, 0595 Digetiility,Environmental factora, Setaria viridisCoutrol, 0595 Effect-Setaiia mpcrostachya, 0713 Fodder., In vitro digestibility,Buffalo; Green see,Creen fodders Pennisetum purpureum, 0736 Fodders see, In vitro dig,-tibi1ity,Cattle;Pen Peeds nisettim ptrpuretim, 0736 Foliage, Mcie tire contentConservation met Feed preferences,Goats,Indonesia; hodaBurkina Faso.,Theses;Panicum Pennisetum purptireum, 0748 waz irnum, 0709 Feed preferences,Sheep,Indonesia; Moisture cotiment,Conservation met Pennisetum purpureum, 0748 hodF,Burkira Faso Theses ;Pennise Foliar application, tum purpureum, 0709 Effect ;Eleusine coracana,Helminth- Nitrates/Accumulation,Cutting fre osporium nodulosum,Fungicides, 0495 quency:Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect; Effect;Eleusine coracano ,Rhizooph- Brachiaria decumbeDs, 0714 ere,Microflor.,Fungicides, 0495 Nitrates/Accumulation,Cutting fre Fuliar application:Soil iujction, quency:Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect; Effect ;Penni.setum anfricanum,Crain Brachiaria humidicola, 0714 yield,Nitrogen fertilizers, 0238 Nitrates/Accunvlation,Cutting fre Foliar methods see, quer.cy:Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect; Foliar application Brachiaria rodicans, 0714 Food products, Nitrates/Accumulation,Cutting fze Amino acids:Vitamin B,Losses,(due quency:Nitrogen fertilizers,'7ffect; to)Cooking,India/Andhra Pradeah; Panicr.-. wximum, 0714 Eleusine coracana, 0397 Nitra3/:dAccunmlation,Cutting fre Amino acids:Vitamin B,Losses,(due quency:Hitrogen fertilizers,Effect; to)Coohing,ndia/Audhrz Pradesh; Paspalum notatum, 0714 Pennisetum americaum, 0397 Nitrates/AccumulationCutting fre Amino acids:Vitamin B,Losses,(due quency :Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect; to)Cooking,India/v1n.hra Pradesh; Paspalum saurae, 0714 Setaria italica, 0397 Nitrates/Accu-...lation,Cutting fre- Nigeria;Pennisetum americanum,Flo- quency:NiLro.en fertilizers,Effect; urs, 0396 Setaria sphacelnta, 0714 Foods; Nitrates/Accumulation,Cutting fre Eleusine coracana,Malt,Wean ing, 0550 quency:Nitrogen fertilizers:Effect;

274 Brachiaria ruziziensis, 0714 Yields,Legumes,Effect;Setaria,Spe 0990 Nitrogen content,Animal feeding, cies, Brazil;Brachiaria decumbens, 0792 Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, 0958 Nitrogen fixation;Tjigitaria decum- New Zealand;Paspalum, bens, 0729 Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect; Nitrogen fixstion;Pennisetum clan- Paspalum notatum, 0937 degtinum, 0729 Yields,Phosphorus fertilizers,Eff Futritive value;Panicum virgatum, 0880 ect,Drazil;Brachiaria decumbens, 0796 Nutritive value;Pennisetum americ- Yields,Seed treatment,Effect,Theses; anumVarieties, 0391 Pennisetum americanum, 0196 Nutritive value;Pennisetum purpur- Yields,Soil pH,Effect;Panicum, 0881 aum x Pennisetum anericanum,Hybr- Yields,Sowing methods,Effect,Theses; ida, 0774 Pennisetum americanum, 0196 Performance testing,Brazil;Brachi- Yields,Theses;Paspalum dilatatum, aria humidicola, 0684 Ecotypes, 0934 Parformancc testing,Brazil;Panicum Yields,USSR;Panicum miliaceum, 0581 maximum, 0684 Yields;Brachiaria decumbens, 0724 Performance testing,Brazil;Setaria Yields;Digitaria smutsii, 0724 sphacelata, 0684 Yields;Panicum maximum, 0724 Potassium content,Winter,Effect; Yields;Panicum virgatum, 0880 Panicum coloratum, 0691 Yields;Pennisetum americanum, 0389 Potassium content,Winter,Effect; Yields;Pennisetum americanum,Vari Paspalum plicatulum, C691. eties, 0391 Rabbit feeding,Tropics;Brachiaria Yields;Pennisetum purpureum x Pen mutica, 0712 nisetum americanum,Hybrids, 0773 Rabbit feeding,Tropics;Echinochloa Yieldu;Setaria sphacelata:Legumes, po)yntachya, 0712 Intercropping, 0985 RabbiL feeding,Tropics;Pennisetum Forage/Quality, purpureum, 0712 Freezing,Effect;Paspalum,Species, 0947 USA;Panicum amarum, 0863 Harvesting,Effect;Panicum maximum, 0897 USA/Florida;Digitaria,Cultivars, 0827 Haturity,Effect;Pennisetum purpar Water use efficiency;Pauicum virg- eum X Pennisetum americanum,Hybr atum, 0880 ids, 0767 Yield losses,(due to)Scapteriscus Forage/Quality:Anatomy, vicinus,USA/Florida;Paspalum not- Relationship;Eragrostis retinens, atum, 0962 Leaves, 0681 Yields,(under)Dry farming,India; Relationship;Panicum,Species,Leaves, 0681 Pennisetum americanum, 0257 Relationship;Paspalum,Species,Lea Yields,(under)Mixed cropping,lndia/ yes, 0681 Kerala;Panicum maximum, 0703 Relationship;Pennisetum clandesti Yields,(under)Mixed cropping,India/ num,Leaves, 0681 Kerala;Pennisetum purpureum,Hybr- Forage/Quality:Phenolic acids, ide, 0703 Relationship;Digitaria,Species, 0804 Yields,Azospirillum,Inoculation, Forage/Quality:Stolons, Effect;Panicum miliaceum, 0638 Grazing effects;Digitaria decumbens, 0819 Yields,Azospirillum,Inoculation, Forage/Quality:Yields, Effect;Setaria italica, 0638 Temperatures:Water stress,Effect, Yields,CIovers,Effect;Paspalum Theses;Panicum coloratum, 0858 notatum" 0937 Foxtail millet see, Yields,Combustion:Planting date, Setaria italica Effect;Panicum maximum, 0898 Freezing, Yields,Cutting frequency,Effect, Effect;Paspalum,Species,Forage/ Puerto Rico;Panicum maximum, 0919 Quality, 0947 Yields,Diallel analysis;Pennisetum Freezing:Thawing, americanum,Inbred lines, 0087 Effect;Setaria lutescens,Germinat Yielda,Fertilizers,Effect;Panicum ion, 0976 virgatum, 0913 Fruit pulp/Berberis, Yieldo,India/Bihar;Penninetum ped- Effect;Eleusine coracana,Germinat icellatum,Varieties, 0765 ion, 0473

275 Fungal diseases, ica,PhomaSpecies,Control, 0651 Research,ICRISAT/Nigeria;Pennisetum Fungicides; americanum, 0309 Coix lachryma-jobi,Ustilago coicis, Review articles;Eleusine coracana, 0302 Control,(by)Seed Review treatment, 0429 articles;Pennisetum americ- Pennisetum americanum,Sclerospora anum, 0302 graminicola,Control, Survey,Pakistan;Pennisetum 0320 americ- Fungicides see also, anum, 0305 Aureofungin Fungal diseases/Resistance; Captafol Pennisetum americanum,Variety tri- Carbendazim als, 0310 Cuman Fungal diseases see also, Dithane Alternar... alternata Edifenphos Claviceps fusiformis Hinosan Claviceps microcephala Kitazin Cochliobolus Metalaxyl Curvularia hunata Panoct ine Curvularia pallescence Ridomil Drechslera coicis Vitvax Drechslera nodulosa Fym see, Drechslera setariae Firmyard manure Erysiphae polygoni GA, Gloeocercospora Effect;Pennisetum Helminthosporivm americanum,Seed nodulosum lings,Chemical composition,Seeds! Helminthosporium panici-miliacei Presoaking, 0045 Phakospora apoda GA:Chlormequat, Phoma Effect;Digitaria decumbens,Iight Pseudomonas rubrilineans distribution:Photosynthesis:Plant Puccinia penniseti height, Puccinia substriata 0697 Effect;Setaria sphacelata,Light Pyricularia grisea distribution:Photosynthesis:Pla Pyricularia oryzae height, 0697 Pyricularia penniseti GERDAT; Pyricularia setariae Pennisetum americanum,Insect pests, Sclerospora graminicola Biological control,Sahel,Research, 0341 Seedborne fungi Cametogenesis; Sphacelotheca destruens Brachiaria ruzitieneis, Tolyposporium 0782 penicillariae Gamma radiation; Uromyces setariae Pennisetum americanum,Roote,Growth, Ustilago coicis Measurement, Ustilago 0067 parodoxa Gamma rays see, Xanthomonas annamalaien3is Gamma radiation Fungi; Gene bnks: Selection; Pennisetum americanum,Roots, 0303 Pennisetum americanumComposite Fungi see also, varieties, 0074 Seedborne fungi Gene Fungicides, expression; Digitaria sanguinalis,Leaves,Bundle Effect;Coix lachryma-jobi,Ustilago sheath:Mesophyll,Protein composi coicis,Spore germination, 0429 tion, 0823 Foliar application,Effect;Eleusine Gene interaction, coracana,Helminthosporium nodulo- (for)Quantitative traits;Pennisetum sum, 0495 americanum,Hybrids, Foliar 0151 application,Effect;Eleusine Agronomic characterietics;Pennise coracana,Rhizosphere,Microflora, 0495 tum americanum,Hybrids, India/Madhya 0149 Pradesh;Setaria ital- Quantitative traits;Pennisetum ica,Curvularia lunata,Control, 0651 americantim, India/Madhya 0154 Pratesh;Setaria ital- Role;Pennisetum americanum,Hetero ica,Curvularia pallescence,Control, 0651 sis, Iudia/Madhya 0140 Pradesh;Setaria i!al-- Role;Pennisetum americanum,Quanti

276 Genetic variation; tative traits,Inheritance, 0099 Pennisetum americanum,Juvenile Yield components,These;Eleusine characaters, 0158 coracana, 0487 Pennisetum americanum,Nitrogen see, Gene locus uptake, 0222 Genes Pennistum americanuu,Quantitative Generations9 traits, 0154 Quantitative traits,Genotype envi- Genetic variation:Quantitative traits, ronment interaction;Pennisetum India;Eleuaine coracana,Mutants, 0485 americanum, 0098 Genetics, Genes, Theses;Eleusine coracana,Yields, 0487 Regulation;Eleusine coracana, 0138 Theses;Pennisetum americanum(Male Regulation;Pennisetum americanum, 0138 sterile),Male fertility/Restorat Genes see also, ion, 0148 Structural genes Genetics; Genetic analysis, Theses;Pennisetum americanum,Grain Pennisetum americanum,Genotypes, Plant height, 0118 yield,Water stress,Effect, 0147 Theses;Pennisetum americanuw,Quan- Pennisetum americanumGenotypes, Stover,Yields, 0118 titative traits,Water stress,Eff- 0147 Pennisetum americanum,Genotypes, ect, 0118 analysis; Tillering, Genetic ree also, Paeqpalum virgatum x Paspalum inte- Genetics ability rmediumHybrids, 0929 Combining analysis Pqaspalum virgatum x Paspalum jurg- Diallel expression ensii,Hybrids, 0929 Gene interartion Pennisetum americanum,Agronomic Gene 0146 Genetic control characteristics, environment interaction Pennisetum americanum,Grain yield, 0146 Genotype Pennisetum americanum,Protein com- Heterozygosity position, 0153 Stability Transformations Pennisetum americanum x Pennisetum hybrids,Starch/ Genomes, mollissimum-Fl ameri Accumulation, 0083 DNA,Organization;Pennisetum canum. 0102 Pennisetum americanum x Fennisetum 0138 0091 Organisation;Eleusine coracana, squamulatum,Hybrids, americanum, 0138 Setaria italica,Phenof.ypes,Phenols/ Organisation;Penisetum environment interaction, Colour,Reaction, 0634 Genotype Growth analysis;Pennisetum americ Genetic zontrol; 0130 Perinisetum americanti,Seed weight, 0116 anum, Regression analysis;Pennisetum Pennisetum americauum,Yields,Stab- 0116 ility, 0116 americanum, stress,Theses;Pennisetum Genetic improvement see, Water americanum, 0147 Breeding environment interaction; Genetic variation, Genotype americanum, 0118 Agronomic characteristics,lndia; Pennisetum americanum,Generations, Eleusine coracana, 0486 Pennisetum Quantitative traits, 0098 Agronomic characteristics;Panicum Setaria italica,Cultivars,Yields, 0640 miliaceum,Genotypes, 0571 Australia;Digitaria milanjiana, Genotypes, characteristics,Nitrogen Seed dormancy, 0811 Agronomic Pry matter content:Digestibility; fertilizers,Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 014b Panicum virgatum, 0915 resistance,ABA,Role;Penni Path coefficients;Pennisetum amer- Drought setum americanum, 0027 icanum,Inbred lines,Yield components:Protein composition, 0143 EvaluationIntercropping,ICRISAT; Pennisetum americanum, 0262 Quantitative traits;Pennisetum chara americanum,Genotypes, 0115 Genetic variation,Agronomic cteristics;Panicum miliaceum, 0571 Study;Pennisetum americanum,Inbred variation,Quantitative lines, 0129 Genetic

277 traits;Pennisetum americanum, 0115 Freezing:Thawing,Effect;Setaria 0976 Groth,Brackish vater/Irrigatio, lutescens, Effect;Pennisetum anericanum, 0192 Metabolic inhibitors,Effect;Echin 0438 Growth:Yields,(under)Rain-fed far- ochloa cruo-galli,Varieties, 0439 ming;Eleusine coracana, 0511 Grovth:Yields,Environmental factors, Nonionic surfactants,Effect;Echin Effect,India;Pennioetum americanum, 0130 ochloa crus-galli, 0436 Growth:Yields,Paper mill sludge, Osmotic pressure,Effect,India/!ar 0613 Effect,Thees;Eleusine coracana, 0509 yana;Panicum miliare, Nitrate reductase/Activity,Light Pollen see,Pollen germination intensity;Nitrate fertilizers, Salinity,Effect,Australia;Pennise Effect,Theses;Eleusine coracana, 0478 tum macrourum, 0747 Nitrogen fixation,Evaluation;Pasp- Seed storage:Seed treatment,Effect; 0795 alum notatum, 0939 Brachiaria decumbens, Performance testing,Australia;Pen- Seedborne fungi,Effect;Echinochloe 04:o nisetum americanun, 0134 frumentacea,Seedlings, Plant height,Gene zs;Pennisetum Soil water potential,Effect,Austr 0726 &xnericanum, 0118 alia;Panicum coloratum, S.:lerospora granin.cola/Resiutauce, Soil water potential,Effect,Austr 0726 Evaluation;Pennisetum americanum, 0319 alia;Panicum decompositum, StoverYields,Geetis;Pennisetum Soil water potential,Effect,Austr 0726 americanum, 0118 alia;Pennisetum clandestinum, Tillcering,Genetics;Pennisetum ame- Soil water potential,Effect,Austr 0726 ricanum, 0118 alia;Setaria porphyranth., Yields,Brackish water/Irrigationi, TemperaturesEffect,Auctraiia;Pan 0728 Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0192 icum coloratum, fertilizert,Effect, Temperatures,Effect,Australia;Pan Yields,Nitrogen 0728 (under)Rin-fed farming,Theses; icum decompositum, Pennisetum americanum, 0226 Temperatures,Effect,Australia;Pen 0728 Genotypes see also, nisetum clandestinum, Temperatures,Effect,Australia;Set Biotypes 0728 Geographical distribution, aria porphyrantha, China;Pennisetum americanum,Chiio Germination:Vigour:Emergence, infuscatella, 0352 Seed hardening,Efiect,Thesev;Eleu 0355 sine coracana,Varieties, 0479 Effect;Eleusine coracana,Varieties, Germination see also, Growth, 0480 Emergence Geographical. distribution; Pollen germination Setaria italica,Phenotypes,Phenols/ Seed germination Colour,Reaction, 0634 Germplasm, 0107 Geographical location see, Collections,ICRISAT;Millets, 0127 Geographical distribution Germination, Collections,ICRISAT;Pennisetum 0107 (effect of)Seed treatment,(vith) americanum, 0125 0127 Potassium chloride;Panicum maximum, 0896 Collections,India;Echinochloa fru Alkalinity:Salinity,Effect,India/ 0421 miliare, 0613 mentacea, Haryana;Panicum 0418 crus-galli, 0443 Collections,India;Eleusine coracana, Anaerobiosis;Echinochloa 0421 Anaerobiosis;Echinochloa crus-galli, wiliaceum, 0418 Varieties, 0438 Collections,India;Panicum 0439 0421 0418 pulp,Effect;Eleusine Collections,India;Panicum miliare, Berberis/Fruit 0421 coracana, 0473 Cooling:ThavingEffect;Echinochloa Collections,India;Paspalum scrobi 0437 culatum, 0418 crus-galli, 0421 Cooling:Thawing,Effect;Setaria 0437 Collections,lndia;Setaria italics, 0418 glauca, 0421 Environmental factors,Effect,Sri Pradesh; Lanka;Pennisetum polystachyon, 0763 Collections,lndia/Rimachal

278 Eleusine coracana, Collections,indi;a/Tamil 0483 Pennisetum ladu;Penn- americanum, Genetic analyeis;Pennisetum 0210 isetum americnuu, ameri Collect ions,Uigeria;Pennisetun 0142 canum, americanum, India;Pennisetum americanumligh 0126 yielding varieties, Collections,Sudan;Pennisetun 0210 amer- India/Gujarat;Pennisetum icanui, americanum, Collections,Zambia,Eleuzine 0086 Irrigation 0193 corac- acheduling:Nitrogen ana, fertilizers,EffectIndia/Andhra 0124 Pradesh;Eleusine cies, Irrigation scheduling/Method,Effect,coracana, 0 0124 Collections.Zambia;Pennisetum India/Andhra Pradesh;Eleusine ricanum, ame- coracana, India;Echinochloa crus-galli, 0124 Light intensity,Effect,Iudid/Andhra 0500 India;Eleunine 0422 Pradesh;Eleusine coracana$ coracana, 0510 India;Panicum miliaceum, 0422 Nitrogev-phosphorus 0422 fertilizers, India;Panicum miliare, Effect:(upnder)Rain-fed 0422 farming, India;Paspalim scrobiculatum, India/Maharachtra;Setaria 0422 Nitrogen italica, 0646 India;Setaria italics, fertilizersEffect,(on) 0422 Transfer;Pennisetum americanum: Sandy soils,India/Andhra Eleusine coracana, Pradesh; Pen.aisetuim orientale, 0519 Transformations;Pennisetim 0104 Nitrogen fertilizerm,Efiect,lndia; americanum:Pennisetum Pennisetum americanum, squamulatum, 019 Germplaum/Exotie, 0091 Nitrogen fe.tilize0sEff8ct;Eleuu Inbred lines,Development;Pennisetum me coracana, 0517 americanum, Nitrogen fertiy Gerplasm 0080 izers,Foliar appli banks see, cation:Soil injection,Effect;Pen- Gene banks Diaetum americanum, Gibber]lic 0238 acid see, Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect;Pen- GA nisetum americanum, 0227 Goeocercospora Potassium nephthenateEffect;Seta- ria Maii;Penninetum americanm,Infest_ italics, ation, Soil 0644 Glomia fss¢ Cus:StreptomyCea moistureEffect;Pennisetm 032044ic~m0312 americanum,0044 cinnamomeo naeu -tu,f ;etetm InteractionEffect;Eleuaien opping,Tenzania;Pennisetum Sowing date,Effect,(under)Intercr_ corac- ameri ana,Grovth, canum:Soybeans, Glo.ms mosseae, 0496 Spacing,Effect,(under)Dry 0275 Formation;Pennisetum India/Gujaat;Pennj farming, americanum, u america Roots, num, 8 Glyphosate 0183 Spacng,Effect,(under)Intercropping, 0209 GlyPhosate:DUlpn Nozzles;Paspalum Tanznnia;Pe.-iisetum dilatatzmControl, americanum: 0949 Legumeo, T h027 lspon; 0277 Panicum maximumControl, Spacing,Effect;Eleusine Glyphosate:Paraquat, 0902 Technology/Adoption,Economics,india;coracana, 0517 Pennisetum Nigeria;PennisetumcontrolWater americanum,Weed americanu,0210 Paternisteum stress,EffectGenetic meianu oats,r analy Goats, 0293 sis,Theses;Pennisetum Brnzil;Pennisetumflj~~,PrprumCo americanum, 0147 residues,Feeds, purpureumCrop Grain yield; Indonesia;Pennisetum 0751 Pennisetumrecurrent americanum,Reciprocal purpureum, selection, Grain 0093 Foliage,Feed preferences, yield:Agronomic characteristics 0748 Relationahip;Pennisetum Goats; americanum, •Digitaria decumbensFeeds, 0201 Grain yield:Head characters, Grain yield, 0834 Relationship;Pennisetum americanum, 0201 Grain yield:Plant height, Azospirillum brasilense,lnoculation, Effect,lndia;Pennisetum RelationshipPath americanum, 0184 coefficients; 0185 Paspalum scrobiculatum,Maturity Fertilizers,Use,Economics,India; groups,

279 Grass establishment, Cattle,Colombia-I3rechiaria decumb Australia;Brachiaria,Species, 0686 eusPastures, 0794 Australia;Digitaria,Species, 0686 Grazing see also, Australia;Panicum,Species, 0686 Grazing intensity Fertilizers:Irrigation:Soils,Effect; Grazing trials; Paspalum notatum, 0946 Panicum virgatum, 0915 Phosphorus fertilizers,Alternative, Green fc ,ders, Colombia;Brachiaria decumbens, 0788 Yields;I-ennisetum amezicanum,Comb Sowing depth,Effect;Panicum color- ining ability, 0085 atum, 0727 Green manures:Organic fertilizers, Sowing depth,Effect;Panicum decam- Effect,(iu)Tropical soils,India; positum, 0727 Eleusine coracana,Yields, 0492 Sowing depth,nffect;Setaria porph- Green panic see, yrantha, 0727 Panicum maximum Thailand;Pracbiaria decumbens, 0665 Growing media, Thailand;Setpia ancepsj 0665 (for)Azospirillum brasilense,Nitr Grass establishment; ogenase activity;Panicum maximum, Eragrostis curvula,Punch planting, 0690 Cells, 0181 Panicum coloratum,Punch planting, 0690 (for)Azospirillum brazilense,Nitr Grass establishment:Yields, ogenase activity;Pennisetum amer Plant density,Effect;Pennisetum icanum,Cells, 0181 purpureum x Pennisetum americanum, Growth, Hybrids, 0743 (under)Intercroppiug,India;Pennis Grassland manngev~eut see also, etum americanum:Groundnuts,Roois, 0259 iesture management Brackisb water/Irrigation,Effect;

Grassland soils, Pennisetum americanum 3Genotypea, 0192 Nigerin;Panicum maximum,Yields, Climatic factors,Effect;Ecainochloa Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, 0856 crus-galli, 0448 Nigeria;Panicum maxijumm,Yields, Cooling,Effect,USSR;Panicum milia Zinc fertilizers.Effect, 0856 ceum, 0568 Grazing, Fertilizers,Effect;Panicum maximum, Cattle,Thailand;L achiaria decumb- Seedlings, 0893 ens,Pastures, 0680 Geograp.olcal distribution,Effect; Cattle,Thailand;Paspalum dilatatum, Eleasine coracana,Varieties, 0480 Pactures, 0680 Glomus fasciculatup:Streptomyces Cattle,Thailand;Setaria sphacelata, cinna-'omeous,Iteraction,Effect; Pastures, 0680 Eleusine coracana, 0496 Effect;Paspalum dilatatum,Pastures, Intcxcroppiug,Effect,India;Pennis Yields, 0951 etum americanum,Roots, 0259 Effect;Paspalum plicatulum,Defoli- Me~aurement,CGmma radiation;Penni ation(Tillers), 0928 setum americanum,Roots, 0067 Malaysia;Brachiarin decumbensPas- Models,Semiarid zones;Pennisetum tures, 0786 americauum, 0163 South Africa;Digitaria eriantha, Nutrients,Effect,Sri Lanka;Pennis Pastures, 0023 etum polystachyon, 0732 Steers;Panicum maximum, 0920 Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect;Pan Grazing; icum maximum, 0879 Panicum maximum, 0887 Plant density,Effect,Sri Lanka; Grazing behaviour, Pennisetum polystachyon, 0732 Fertilizer herbicide combinations, Polysaccharides,Characterization; Effect,Catt.e,USA/Oklahoma;Panicum Pennisetum americanum,Pollen tubes, 0051 scribnerianum, 0859 Root systems,Effect,(on)Compact Fertilizer herbicide combinations, soil;Paspalum notatum,Roots, 0936 Effect,Cattle,USA/Oklahoma;Panicum Seed weight,Effect;Panicum maximum, "irgatum, 0859 Seedlings, 0893 Grazing effecto; Shading,Effect,Scmiarid zones,ICR Digitaria decumbens,Forage/Quality: ISAT;Digitaria ciliaris, 0829 Stolons, 0819 Soil moisture,Effect,Sri Lanka; Grazing intensity, Pennisetum polystachyon, 0732

280 Soil soistureEffect;Panicun maxi- lizers,Effect,(under)Intercropping, wAm,Seedliugs, 0893 India/KarnatakaTheses;Eleusine Soil temperatureEffect;Sctaria coracana:Soybean, 0524 faberi, 0980 Saline water/Irrigation,Effect; Foil tesperature,Effect;Se~aria Eleuvine coracana, 0501 pumila, 0980 Soil moisture,Effect;Eleusine cor Soil ter-erature,Fffect;Setaria acana,Dry whiter, 0506 viridis, 0980 Growth analysis; Temperaturca,Xffect;3chinochloa Penuiaetum americanum,Genotype _rus-galli, 0442 enviromnent interaction, 0130 Tenperatures,Effect;Echinochloa Ptnnisetum americanum,Hybrids:Par utilis, 0442 ents, 0145 .empetatures,Effect;Panicum maximum, Grouth regulators, Seedlings, 0893 Effect,(during)Seneacence;Eleuoine Growth; coracana,Leaves,O-Diphenol oxidase: Echinochloa irumentacea, 0451 Peroxidase, 0475 Panicum coloratum,Seedlings, 0916 Effect,(under)Culture media;Penni Growth:Chemical composition:Cutting setum americanum,Ovaries, 0057 date, Effect;Eleusine coracana,Senescence, 0475 Relationship;Eleusine coracana, 0505 Growth regulators see also, Growth:Development, GA Light intensity,Effect;Pavicum IAA maximum, 0890 Growth see also, Photoperiod,Effect;Panicum maximum, 0890 Embryonic development Terperatures,Effect;Echiuochloa Growth substances see, frumentacea, 0441 Growth regulators Temper4tures,Efiect;E.chinochloa Guinea grass see, utilis, 0441 Panicum maximum Tempexaturea,Effect;Punicum maximum, 0890 Gynoecium; Trace elementsEffect;Millets, 0237 Sorghum,Pollen germination,(on) Growth:Nutrient uptake, Pennioetum americanum, 0144 Soil heating,Effect;Setaria italico, 0637 Gypsum, Groth:2hotosynthesis, Effect,(in)Sodic soils;Brachiaria Relative humidity,Effect;Panicum mutica,Boron uptake, 0696 milioides, 0925 Effect,(in)Sodic soils;Panicum Growth:Physiology, antidotale,Yields, 0882 Temperatures,Effect,Theses;Paspalum Effect,(in)Sodic soils;Panicum dilatatum, 0954 laevifolium,Yields, 0882 Growth:Sporulation; Effect,(in)Sodic soils;Panicum Pennisetum americanum,Pyricularia maximum:Boron uptake, 0696 penniseti, 0314 Effect,(in)Sodic soil3;Pennisetum Growth:Stomatal movement:Water use, purpureum x Pennisetum americanum, Relationship;Penuisetum americanum, 0044 Hybrids Boron uptake, 0696 Growth:Yields, Effect,(in)Sodic soils;Setaria (under)Rain-fed farming;Eleusine sphacelata,BoroL uptake, 0696 coi,-sna,Genotypes, 0511 HCH, Borou.Calcium:Magnesium,Effect; India;Pennisetum americanum,Bird Millets, 0221 control, 0368 Environmental factors,Effect,India; Haploids, Pennisetum americanum,Genotypes, 0130 Production,(by)Androgenesis;Penni NPK fertilizers,Effect;Eleusine setum americanum, 0132 coracana, 0518 Hardness; Paper mill aludge,Effect,Theses; Pennisetum americanum,Seeds, 0376 Eleusine coracana,Genotypes, 0509 Harvest date, Planting methods,Phosphorue ferti- Effect;Brachiaria decumbens,Seed lizers,Effect,(under)Intercropping, production, 0791 India/Karnataka,Theses;Eleusine Harvest date:Heading date, coracana:Lucerne, 0524 Effect;Panicum maximum,Seed produ Planting methods:Phosphorus ferti- ction, 0706

281 Effect;Setaria anceps,Seed produc- Heading date tion, 0706 Health, Harvest date see also, China;Pennisetum americanum,Bran, Cutting date Silicon content, 0395 Harvest index, Heat and drought resistance see, Inheritauce;Pennioetum americanum, 0076 Drought resistance Harvest index; Heat resistance Pennisetum americanum,Combining Heat flow, ability, 0110 Variation,Semiarid zones;Eleusine Harvest index:Yields, coracana,Fields, 0477 Relationship;Eleusine coracana, Heat flux see, Varieties, 0504 Heat flow Harvestinig, Seat resistance; Effect;Panicum maximum,Forage/(ua- Millets, 0043 lity, 0897 Heat treatment, Effect;Panicum maximum,Yields, 0897 Effect;Panicum mazimim,Seed dorma Harvesting/Tiuing, ncy, 0894 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Yields, 0211 Effect;Panicum miliaceum,Starch, Maturity,Effect;Pennisetum americ. Chemico-physical properties, 0605 anum, 0211 Effect;Panicum miliaceum,Starch, Harvesting date see, Milling and baking quality, 0604 Harvest dat.e Heating, Harvesting losses, Effect;Panicum miliAceum,Nitrogen Evaluation;Bruchiaria decumbens, metabolism, 0567 Seed production, 0692 Helicotylenchus abunaami, Evaluaticn;Panicum maximum,Seed Host range;Panicum miliaceum, 0601 production, 0692 Heliothis armigera; Harvesting see also, Peunisetum americanum,Panicles, Cutting frequency Infeutation, 0353 Water harvesting l'ennisetum awericarum,Yield losses, 0353 Hay, Helmiuthosporium nodulosum, (as)Roughage,Cattle;Pennisetum Fungicides,Foliar appliration,Eff flaccidum, 0766 ect:Eleusine coracana, 0495 (as)Roughage,Cattle;Pennisetum Helminthosporium panici-miliaceii orientale, 0766 Tnfection; Composition;Paspalum dilatatum, 0960 Panicum miliac.eum, 0600 Digestibility,Lignification,Effect; Herbicide antidotes:Herbicides; Paspalum dilatatum, 0960 Panicum,dichotomiflorum,Control, 0864 Nutritive value,Sheep,Nigeria;Bra- Herbicides, chiaria decumbens, 0664 Analyuis;Echinochloa crus-galli, 0453 Nutritive value,Sheep,Nigeria;Pan- Analysis;Panicum virgatum, 0453 icum maximum, 0664 Analysis;Setaria viridis, 0453 Head characters:Grain yield, Brazil;Digitaria sanguinalis,Cont Relationship;Pennisetum americanum, 0201 rol, 0671 Heading:Inflorescences:Seed product- Brazil;Eleusine indica,Control, 0671 ion, Effect;Paspalum virgatum,Seed ger Temperatures,Effect;Panicum maximum, 0708 mination, 0955 Temperatures,Effect;Setaria anceps, 0708 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Erri Heading date:Harvest date, gation water, 0054 Effect;Panicum marimum,Seed produ- Phytotoxicity;Paspalu notatum*, 0956 ction, 0706 Phytotoxicity;Pennisetum americanum, 0028 Effect;Setaria anceps,Seed produc- 0054 tion, 0706 Rain,Effect;Setaria pumila,Control, 0978 Heading date:Maturation period, USA/Nebraska;Digitaria sanguinalis, Combining ability,Analysis;Pennis- Control, 0674 etum americanum, 0117 USA/Nebraska;Panicum dichotomiflo Component analysis;Fennisetum ame- rum,Control, 0674 ricanum, 0117 Heading see also,

282 Herbicides; Thiobencarb Digitaria ischaemum,Control, 0805 Tridiphane 0831 0833 Trifluralin Digitaria sanguinalis,Control, 0668 Herbigation see, 0711 0806 0807 0815 0817 Irri.gation 0822 Heredity; Echinochloa,Species,Control, 0839 Panicum maximum,Apomixis, 0907 Echinochloa crus-galli,Control, 0454 Heritability, 0668 Path coefficients;Pennisetum amer- Eleusine indica,Control, 0844 icanum,Inbred lines, 0143 0845 0848 Study;Pennisetum americanum,Inbred Panicum dichotowiflorum,Control, 0711 lines, 0129 0877 0900 0911 0912 Theses;Eleusine coracana,Yield Panicum manimum,Control, 0903 components, 0487 Panicum maximum,Establishment, 0867 Heterodera, Panicum miliaceum,Control, 0585 Africa;Pennisetum americanum, 0339 0587 0588 0591 0593 0594 Heterodera gambiensis, Panicum virgatum,Weed control, 0878 Occurrence,India;Eleusive coracana, 0542 Paspalum notatum,Control, 0943 0543 Setaria,Species,Control, 0668 Ueterodera see also, Setaria faberi,Control, 0585 Heterodera gambiensis 0594 0912 0966 0968 0969 Heterosis, 0970 Gene interaction.Bole;Pennisetum Setaria pumila,Control, 0983 amcricanum, 0140 0986 Heterosis; Setaria viridis,(..-ntrol, 0878 Pennisetum americanum, 0145 0968 0986 Pennisetum americanum,Inbred lines, 0081 Herbicides:Herbicide antidotes; Heterothallis; Panicum dichotomiflorum,Control, 0864 Pennisetum americanuni,Sclerospora Herbicides see also, graminicola, 0325 2,4-D Heterozygosity:Trisomy, AC 206-784 Coincidence;Pennisetum americanum, 0159 Alachlor Hexachloran see, Asulam HCH Atrazine High yielding varieties, Bensulide Chemical composition:Penni-etum Benzadox americanum, 0370 Butylate Grain yield,Irdia;Pennisetum amer C".-82725 icanum, 0210 ChIcramben Performance testing,India/Andhra Cyanazine Pradesh;Eleusine coracana, 0484 Dalapon Performance testing, ndia/Madhya Diclofop Pradesh;Paspalum scrobiculatum, 0620 Diuron Yields,Fertilizers:Soil management, EPTC Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0285 Fluazifop-butyl Hill areas see, Glyphosate Mountain areas Metolachlor Hinosan:Kitazin:Dithane; Metribuzin Eleusine coracana,Pyricularia set Hapropamide ariae,Control, 0541 Oxadiazon Histochemistry; Paraquat Pennisetum americanum,Anthers, 0062 Pendimethalin Pennisetum americanum,Seedlings, Primagram Roots, 0056 Propanil Pennisetum americanum,Seedlings, Sethoxydim Shoots, 0056 Simazine Setaria italica,Aithers, 0062 Simetryne Tebuthiuron

283 Hogs see, Pennisetum purpureum X Pennisetum Pigs americanum, 0767 Host range, Gene interaction,(for)Quantitative Panicum miliaceum,ilelicotylenchus traits;Pennisetum americanum, 0151 abunaami, 0601 Gene interactior.,Agronomic charac Hosts, teristics;Pennisetum americanum, 0149 Cicadulina mbila;Pennisetum ameri- Genetic analysis;Paspilum virgatum canum, 0365 x Paspalum intermedium, 0929 Spodoptera frugiperda;Eleusine Genetic analysio;Paspalum virgatum indica, 0849 x Paspalum jurgencii, 0929 Hot wzter treatment; Genetic analysis;Pennisetum ameri Eleusine coracana,Seedborne fungi, canum x Pennisetum squamulatum, 0091 Control, 0306 Grass establishment:Yields,Plant Pennisetum nmericanumSeedborne density,Effect;Pennisetum purpur fungi,Control, 0306 eum x Pennisetum americaaum, 0743 Husks, Inflorescences,Cytoplasm,Effect; Feeds,Rmt;Eleusine coracana, 0549 Pennisetum americanum, 0103 Hybrid vigour see, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria,Inoculat Heterosis ion,Review articles;Pennisetum Hybridization, purpureum x Pennisetum americanum, 0176 ilethods;Setaria italica,Varieties, 0635 Nitrogen uptake,Plant density,Eff Hybridization see also, ect;Pennisetum americanum, 0197 Interspecific hybridization Nitrogen uptake,Sowing date,Effect; Hybrids, Pennisetum americanum, 0197 ABA/Accumulation,Evaluation;Penni- Nutritive value,Cattle;Pennisetum setum americanum, 0046 purpureum x Pennisetum americanum, 0756 Agro-aomic characteristics,Combining Path coefficients;Pennisetum purp ability,Analycis;Pennisetum amer- ureum x Pennisetum 7.mericanum, 0773 icanum, 0149 Performance testing,India;Pennise Asyuapsis,Induction;Pennisetum tum americanum, 0150 americanumu, 0122 Performance testing;Pennisetum Boron uptake,Gypsum,Effect,(in) americanum(Male sterile), 0137 Sodic soils;Pennisetum purpureum Sclercspora graminicola/Resistance, x Pennisetum americanum, 0696 Evaluation;Pennisetum americanum Cell wall components,Maturity,Eff- (Male sterile), 0137 ect;Pennisetum purpureum X Penni- Seed characters,Cytoplasm,Effect; setum americanum, 0767 Pennisetum americanum, 0103 Combining ability,(for)Qvtantitative Seed production,India;Pennisetum traits;Pennisetum americanum, 0151 americanum, 0383 Correlation analysis;Pennisetum Seed production,India/Maharashtra; purpureum x Pennisetum americanum, 0773 Pennisetum amaricanum, 0382 0773 Seed production;Pennisetum americ Digestibility,Australia;Setaria anum(ale sterile), 0160 sphacelata x Setaria spiendida, 0982 Seeds,Handling,Postharvest systems; Dry matter,Yield,,Cytoplosm,Effect; Pennisetum americanum, 0381 Pennisetum amrricanum, 0103 Silege,Chemical composition,Addit Establishment,Cutting date,Effect; ivea,Effect;Pennisetum purpureum Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum x Pennisetum americanum, 0771 americanum, 0770 Silege,Chemical composition,Iuo'cu Feeds,Nutritive value,Theses;Penn- lum,Effect;Pennisetum purpureum 0771 isetum purpureum x Pennisetum x Pennisetu americanum, americanum, 0737 Silage quality,Cutting date,Effect, Forage,Nutritive value;Pennisetum Cuba;Pennisetum purpureum x Penn 0744 purpureum x Pennisetum americanum, 0774 isetum americanum, Forage,Yields,(under)Mixed cropping, Silage quality,Molasses,Effect, purpureum, 0703 Cuba;Pennisetum purpureum X Penn India/Kerala;Pennisetum 0744 Forage,Yields;Pennisetum purpureum isetum americanum, x Pennisetum americanum, 0773 Stomatal resistance,USA/Kansas; 0198 Forage/QualityMaturity,Effect; Pennisetum americanum,

284 Pennisetum americanum,Genotypes, Water use efficiency,USA/Kansas; 0262 Pennisetum americanum, 0198 EvaluationIntercropping, sphacelata Pennisetum americanum,Germplasm, Yields,Austrnlia;Setaria 0107 splendida, 0982 Collections, x Setaria 0125 0127 Yields,Comparison,USA/Kansas;Penn- 0199 Pennisetum americanum,Improvement, isetum americanum:Sorghum, 0011 combinations, Research, Yields,Fertilizer pests, 0347 Effect,india/Haryana;Pennisetum Peunisetum americanum,Insect 0246 Pennisetum americanum,Mythimna americanum, 0363 Yields,NPK fertilizers,Effect,India/ separata/Resistance,Evaluation, americanum, 0246 Pennisetum americanum,Populations, Haryana;Pennisetum 0071 Yjelds,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, Recurrent selection, americanum,kesearch, 0012 (under)Irrigation,Ilndia;Pennisetum Pennisetum 0234 Pennisetum americanumResponse, americanum, 0262 Yields,Nitrogen fertilizera,Effect, (to)Water stress,Research, India/Haryana;Pennisetum america- Pennisetum americanum:Groundnuts, 0244 Nitrogen fertilizers,Lffect,(under) hum, 3262 Yields,Plant density,Effect;Penni- Intercropping,Researcb, setum americanum, 0197 Pennisetum americanum:Groundnuta, 0200 Yields,Light,Effect,(under)Inter 0282 Yields,Planting date,Effect,India/ cropping, Uttar Pradesh;Pennisetum america- ICRISAT/Burkina Faso; 0213 Pennivetum americanum,Research, 0006 num, 0010 Yieldo,Sowing date,Zffect;Pennise- tua americanum, 0197 ICRISAT/Ethiopia; 0200 Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0010 amer- ICRISAT/Mali; Yields,USA/Kansas;Pennisetum 0010 icauum, 0198 Pennisetum americanum,Reaearch, Yields,Zinc fcrtilizers,Effect, ICRISAT/Niger; america- Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0007 India/Haryana;Pennisetum 0010 num, 0244 Hybrids:Parents, !CRISAT/Nigeria; americ- Pennisetum americanum,Breeding, Growth aualysis;Pennisetum 0133 anum, 0145 Research, Pennisetum americanuw,Fungal dise Hybrids(Apomictic), 0309 behaviour;Panicum ases,Research, Reproductive 0010 maximum, 0908 Pennisetum americanumResearch, Hybrids see also, ICRISAT/Senegal; Fl hybrids Pennisetum americanum,Improvement, Research, 0094 Hydrolysis, 0106 italica,Protein Theses;Setaria 0010 composition, 0656 Pennisetum americanum,Research, see, ICRISAT/South Africa; Hyperphosphate 0010 Rock phosphate Pennisetum americauumResearch, IAA:ABA, ICRISAT/Sudan; milia- Pennisetum americanum,Improvement, Cooling,Effect,USSR;Panicum 0109 ceum, 0569 Research, avericanum,Research, 0010 ICRISAT; Pennisetum Digitaria ciliaris,Growth,Shading, ICRISAT/Tanzania; americanum,Research, 0010 Effect,Semiarid zones, 0829 Pennisetum Millets,Germplasm,Collections, 0107 INTSORMIL; 0127 Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0017 IRAT; Pennisetum americanum,Breeding, 0004 Research, 0108 Millets,Research, Pennisetum americanum,Drought res- Illumination, maximum,Nutritive istance,Research, 0030 Effect;Panicum 0053 value, 0923 Pennisetum americanum,Farming sys tems,Research, 0261

285 Improvement, Panicum miliaceum, 0599 Dry farming,Technology,India;Eleu- Panicum miliare, 0615 sine coracena,Yields, 0281 Incidence/Claviceps fusiformis, Dry farming,Technology,India;Penn- Weather,Effect,India/Gujarat;Penn isetum americanum,Yields, 0281 isetum americanum, 0331 Dry farming,TechnologyInd;a;Seta- Incidence/Drechslera coicis, ria italica,Yields, 0281 Cultivation methods,Effect,Japan; Research,ICRISAT;Pennisetum ameri- Coix lachryma-jobi, 0427 canum, 0011 Incidence/Pyricularia grisea, Research,ICRISAT/Senegal;Pennisetum Effect,Theses;Eleusine coracana, americanum, 0094 Yields, 0538 0106 Incidence/Sclerospora graminicola, ResearchICRISAT/Sudan;Pennisetum Seed treatment,(with)hetalaxyl, emericanum, 0109 Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0327 Research,Senegal;Pennisetum ameri- Incidence/Sclerospora graminicola; canum, 0095 Pennisetum americanum,Yield losses, 0324 0096 0097 Incidence/Ustilago parodoxa, Sahel;Millets, 0019 India/Maharashtra;Echincchloa fru Southern Africa;Pennisetum americ- wentacea, 0457 anum, 0009 India, Theses;Pennisetum americanum,Bree- Revev articles;Pennisetum pedice ding,(for)Populations, 0161 llatum,Research, 0758 Improvement see also, Theses;Eleuaiue coracana:Nutrient Drought resistance uptake:Water use efficiency:Yields, In vitro digestibility, fitrogen-phosphoxus fertilizers, Buffalo;Pennisetum purpureum,Forage, 0736 Effect, 0520 Cattle;Pennisetum purpureum,Forage, 0736 Theses;Eleusine coracans,Surface Cutting frequency:Climatic factors, irrigntion,Effect, 0498 Tffect,Japan;Panicum maximum,Dry Theses;Eleusine coracana,Water matter, 0693 use efficiency, 0498 Cuttiug frequency:Climatic factors, Theses;Eleusine coracana,Yields, Effect,Japan;Penniaetum purpureum, Soil moisture,Effect, 0498 Dry watter, 0693 India; Environmental factoreEffect;Pasp- Coix aquatica,Triploids,Cytogenet alum dilatatum, 0941 ics, 0425 Environmental factors,Effect;Pasp- Echirochloa crus-galli,Feeds,Comp alum notatum, C941 osition, 0374 Inbred lines, Echinochloa crus-galli,Feeds,Nutr Agronomic characteristics:Yields, itive value, 0374 Correlation analysis;Pennisetum Echinochloa crus-galli,Germplasm, 0422 americanum, 0129 Echinochloa frumentacea,Germpiasm, Developinent;Pennisetum americanum, Collections, 0421 Exotics/Germplasm, 0080 Echinochloa frumentacea,Insect Forage,Yields,Diallel analysis; controlInsecticides, 0459 Pennisetum americanum, 0087 Echinochloa frumentacea,Insect Genetic variation,Study;Pennisetum pests, 0458 americanum, 0129 0459 Heritability,Path coefficients; Echinochloa frumentacea,Research, 002i Pennisetum americanum, 0143 0416 0417 0433 0434 Heritability,Study;Pennisetum ame- Eleusine coracana,Cropping systems, ricanum, 0129 Alfisols,Semiarid zones, 0286 Keterosis;Pennisetum americanum, 0081 Eleusine coracana,Cultivars,Evalu Yield components:Protein composit- ation, 0422 ion,Genetic variation,Path coeff- Eleusine coracana,Dry farming, 0272 icients;Pennisetum americanum, 0143 Eleusine coracana,Feeds,Composition, 0374 Yields,Combining ability,Studies, Eleusine coracana,Feeds,Nutritive (by)Diallel crossing;Pennisetum value, 0374 americanum, 0140 Eleusine coracana,Genetic variation, Incidence/Atberigona miliaceae; Agronomic characteristics, 0486

286 Eleusine coracanaGermplasm, 0422 Panicum Eleusine milii;re,Germplasm, 0422 coracana,Germplasm,Colle- Panicum miliare,Germplasm,Colect ctions, 0418 ions, 0418 0421 0421 Eleusine coracana,Heterodera gamb- Panicum miliare,Insect pests, 0614 iensisOccurrence, 0542 Panicum rmiliare,Research, 0021 Q543 Eleusine 0416 0417 0611 0612 coracana,lnduced a.tttions, Panicum Mutagens, miliareVarity trials, 0485 Atherigona miliaceae/Resistauce, Eleusine coracana,Mutants,Genetic 0616 Paspalum scrc.iculatum,Alternkria variation:Quantitative traits, 0485 alternata, Eleusiv3 coracana,Research, 0622 0021 Paspaluw scrobicuiatuiw,Germplasm, 0422 0463 0464 0468 Prspalum Eleusiae scrobictI tum,Germpl4 m, coracana,3oil nitrogen/ Collections, Avnilability,Nitrcgen fertilizers: 0418 Soil moisture,Effect, 0421 0494 Paspalum ncrobiculatum,Inoect Eleusine coracanii,Var.eties,Yields, pests, 0623 Paspalu, scrobiculatum,Research, Phenotypic stability, 0021 0507 0416 Eieusine coracana,Wed 0417 0617 0618 conrrol, Pennisetuf2 americanum,Agronomy, Research, 0290 Research, Eleusine co icanaYields,Green 0202 Pennisetum americanum,Bird control, manures:Organie fertilizer,,Effect, HCH, 036 (in)Tropical soils, 0492 Peuis.cum Eleusine americanum,Claviseps corecana,Yields,mprovem- fuiformis/Ro.*stance,Evaluation, ' ntDry farming,Technology, 0335 0281 Peauis-tL:m americsnum,Claviceps Eleusine coracana,Yields,Magnesium, microcephalaSrerator, 0330 Effect, 0491 Pennisetum Eleusine americanum,Cropping coracana,Yieldb,Mycorrhi- syiems,Alfisols,Semiarid zas,Inocu]-ition,!:ffect, .,ones., 0286 0497 Pennihatum americanum,Cultivation, Eleusine c 0025 :acans,7ields,Nitrogen Pennisetum americanum,Cuitivation, fertilizeij,Effect, 0512 Technology, 3leuaile coracana,Yields,Nitrogen 0214 Pennisecum americanum,Cytoplasmic feztilizers,Effect,(inder)Rain- male sterility, fed farming, 0072 0513 Pennisetim americanum,Dry farming, Eleusine coracana,Yields,3oil fer- 0266 t -lity/Mauagement,E;fect, 0272 0241 Pennisatum americanum,Dry matter, Millets,Cropping syetems,Arid reg- Yields,Phosphorus residual effect, 0232 ions, 0253 Peniisetum Milletn,Infestation,Rodents,Deserts, americanum,Feeds,Compo 0366 sition, Millets,inaect 0374 pests, 0344 Pennisetum americanum,Feeds,Nutri Millets,Pesearch, 0005 tive value, 0374 Millets,Soil 0015 Pennisetum americanum,Forage,Yields, and water conservation, (under)Dry farming, Research, 0257 0173 Pennisetum americanumGenotypes, Millets,Yield increasec,Agronomic Growth:Yields,Environmertal, practices,(under)Dry fact farming, 0218 ors,Effect, Millets,Yields,Water 0130 harvesting, Penuisetum americanum,Grain Effect,Semiarid yield, uones, 0195 Azospirillum brasilense,lnoculat Panicum miliaceum,Fecds,Cbemic.%l ion,Effect, 0184 composition:Nutritive va'ue,Sheep, 0610 Panicum miliaceum,Germplasm, 0185 0422 Pennisetum americanum,Grain Panicum yield, miliaceum,Ge.mplasm,Colle- Fertilizers,Use,Economics, ctions, 0210 0418 Pennisetum americanim,Grain yield, 0421 Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, Panicum miliaceum,Insect control, 0184 0603 Pennisetum americ.-num,Grain yield, Panicum miliaceum,Research, 0021 Tecnnology/Adoption,Econamics, 0210 0416 0417 0554 0555 Panicum Pennisettm americanum,High yielding miliare,Atherigona miliac- varieties,Grain eae/Infestation, yield, 0210 0616 Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Per

287 formance testing, 0150 Pennisetum Set.ri.a italica,Yields,Tillage, americanum,Hybrids,Seed EffecL,(under)Dry production, farming, 0215 0383 India/Andhra Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Yie- Pradesh; Eleusine coracana,Food lds,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, products, (under)Irrigation, Amino acids:Vitamin B,Losses, 0234 (due to)Cooking, Pennisetum americanum,Land use, 0397 Eleusine coracana,Grain yield,Irr Dry farming, 0283 Pennisetum igation scheduling:Nitrogen fert americanum,Marketing, ilizers,Effect, Semiarid zones, 0499 0407 Eleusine coracana,Grain Pennisetum americanum,Nitrogen yield,Irr igation scheduling/Method,Effect, fixation,Azospirillum brasilense, 0500 0185 Eleusine coracan&,Grain yield,Light Pennisetum arnericanum,Research, 0013 intensity,Effect, 0510 Pennisetum 0021 Eleusine coracana,Grain yield,Nit anDricanum,Roots,Growth, rogen Intercropping,!ffect, fertilizers,Effect,(on)Sandy 0259 soils, Pennisetum ameri.ianum,Straw,Estim- 0519 Eleusine coracana,High yielding ation, 0406 Pennisetum americanum,Weed control, varieties,Performance testing, 0484 Eheusine coracana,Soil moisture, Research, 0290 Pennisetum Irrigation scheduling/Method,Eff americanum,Yields,Crop- ect, ping systems,Effect, 0500 0251 Eleusine coracana,Water use effic. Pennisetum 0252 iency,Irrigation scheduling/Metbod, americanum,Yields,Drou- Effect, ght,Effect,Arid 0500 regions, 0166 Eleusine Pennisetum americanum,Yields,Farm- coracana,Yields,Saline water/Irrigation,Effect, 0502 yard manure,Effect, 0241 Pennisetum Panicum miliaceam,Yields,NpK fert americanum,Yields,mpr- ilizers,Effect,Sequential ovement,Dry farming,Technology, cropping, 0584 0281 Penrisetum americanum,Food Vennisetum americanum,Yields,Soil products, fertility/Management,Effect, Amino acids:Vitamin B,Losses, 0241 (due to)Cooking, Pennisetum americanum,Yields,So-wing 0397 Setaria italica,Food products,Amino date,Effect, 0231 acids:Vitamin B,Losses,(due to) 0252 Pennisetum americanumYields,Sowing Cooking, 0397 Setaria italica,Insect methods,Effect,(under)Dry pests, 0653 farming, 0215 India/Bihar; Pennisetum americanum,Yields,Till- Panicum miliaceum,Pure lines,Cult ageEffect,(under)Dry farming, 0215 Pennisetum ivation, 0578 americanum:Croundnuts, Panicum Roots,Growth,(under)Intercropping, miliaceum,VarieLiesYields, 0574 0259 Panicum miliaceum,Variety Pennisetum americanum:Legumes,Yie- trials, 0574 Panicum miliare,Variety trials, 0619 lds,Cropping systems,Evaluation, 0257 Pennisetum Pennisetum pedicellatum,Varieties, americanum:lfung bean, Forage,Yields, Intercropping, 0765 0251 India/Delhi; Pennisetum 0252 Pennisetum americanum,Fertilizer americanum:Wheac,Yields, requirement Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, determination,Methods, Evaluation, 0224 (under)Rotations, 0250 Setaria italica,Cropping India/Gujarat; systems, Pennisetum Alfisols,Semiarid americanum,Claviceps zones, 0286 fusiformis/Incidence,Weather,Eff Setaria italica,Dry farming, 0272 ect, Setaria italica,Germplasm, 0331 0422 Pennisetum americanum,Grain Setaria italica,Germplasm,Collect- yield, 0193 Pennisetum americanum,Grain yield, ions, 0418 Spacing,Effect,(under)Dry farming, 0209 0421 Pennisetum americanum,Water Setaria italica,Research, 0021 use efficiency, 019' 0416 0417 Setaria italica,Yields,Improvement,0626 0627 India/Haryana; Millets,Stored Dry farming,Technology, products pests,Mites, 0361 0281 Panicum miliare,Germination,Alkal

288 seaControlCaptafol:Edifenphos, 0540 inity:Salinity,Effect, 0613 Pennisetum americanum,Seeds,Ilnfes Panicum miliareGermination,Osmotic tationDrechslera setariae, 0307 pressure,Effect, 0613 India/Kerala; 2ennisetum americanumCultivation, Panicum maximum,Forage,Yields, (in)Saline soils, 0171 (under)Mixed cropping, 0703 Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Yie- Pennisetum purpureum,Hybrids,Forage, lds,Fertilizer combinations,Effect, 0246 Yields,(under)Mixed cropping, 0703 Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Yie- India/Madhya Pradesh; lds,NPK fert.ilizers,Effect, 0246 Eleusine coracana:Soybean,Yields, Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Yie- Sowing methods,Effect,(under)Int Ids,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, 0244 ercropping, 0420 Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Yie- Panicum miliare:Soybean,Yields, lds,Zinc fertilizers,Effect, 0244 Sowing metbods,Effect,(under)Int PenniseLum americanum,Phosphorus ercropping, 0420 fertilizers,Requirement,Soil moi- 0225 Paspalum scrobiculatum,Atherigona sture,Fffect, 0624 Pennisetum americanum:Wbeat,Yields, simplex,Control,Phospbamidon, scrobiculatum,High yield NPK fertilizers,Effect,(under) Paipalum varieties,Performance testing, 0620 Rotations, 0245 ing scrobiculatum,Yield lo~sses, Pennisetum americanum:Wheat,Yields, Paspalum to)Atherigona simplex, 0624 Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect,(under) (due scrobiculatum:Soybean, Rotations, 0284 Paspalum Yields,Sowing methods,Effect, Pennisetum americanum:Wheat,Yields, (under)Intercropping, 0420 Plant density,Effect,(under)D-t- americanum,Insect pests, 0346 tions, 0284 Pennisetum Pennisetum americanum,Ilnsect pests, Pennisetum americanum:Wheat,Yields, 0345 Planting date,Effect,(under)Rota- Research, italica,Curvularia lunata, tions, 0284 Setaria Control,Fungicides, 0651 India/Himachal Pradesh; Setaria italica,Curvularia palles Eleusine coracana,Germplasm,Colle- 0651 ctions, 0483 cence,Control,Fungicides, tes- Setaria italica,Phoma,Species,Con Eleusine coracana,Performance 0651 ting, 0483 trol,Fungicides, India/Karnataka, India/Maharashtra; Echinochloa frumentacea,Ustilago Thes-s;Eleusine coracane,Farming 0457 systems,Economic evaluation, 0525 parodoxa/Incidence, americanum,Cultivars, Theses;Eleusine coracana,Production Pennisetum Performance testing, 0058 cost,(during)Summer, 0508 Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Seed Theses;Eleusine coracana,Water 0382 use efficiency,(during)Summer, 0508 production, americanum,Research, 0014 Theses;Eleusine coracana,Yields, Pennisetum 0508 Pennisetum americanum,Weed control, (during)Summer, 0298 Theses;Eleusine coracana:Lucerne, 2,4-D, methods, Pennisetum americanum,Weed control, Growth:Yields,Planting 0298 Phosphorus fertilizern,Effect, Atrazine, italica,Grain yield,Nitro (under)Intercropping, 0524 Setaria coracana:Soybean, gen-phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, Theses;Eleusine farming, 0646 Growth.Yielde,Planting methods: (under)Rain-fed Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, India/Orissa; Eleusine coracana,Yields, 0503 (under)Intercropping, 0524 Eleusine coracana:Legumes,Intercr- India/Karnataka; opping,(on)Upland soils,(in)Wet Eleusine coracana,Drechslera nodu- season, 0526 losa,Control,(by)Seed treatment, coracana:Legumes,Intercr (with)Panoctine, 0537 Eleusine opping,Economic evaluation, 0526 Eleusine coracana,lnsect pests, 0544 Eleusine coracana,Pyricularia gri- India/Rajasthan; americanum,Bulk density, sea,Control,(by)Seed treatment, Pennisetum Tillage,Effect, 0220 (with)Panoctine, 0537 americanum,Cost benefit Eleusine coracana,Pyricularia gri- Pennisetum

289 analysis, 0413 Pennisetum Panicum miliaceum, americanum,Nutrient Infection/Uromyces 0600 uptakeCultivation,Effect, setariae, 0203 Pennisetum americanumRoot Effect;Setaria italina,Chemical distri- composition:Niutritive bution,Tillage,Effect, value, 0220 Infzctivity:Viability, 0650 Pennisetum americanum,Soil moisture, Mulches,Effect, (in)Soils;Pennisetum americanum, 0170 Sclerospora graminicola,Spores, Pennisetum americanum,Weed control, 0326 (by)Cultivation, Infestation, 0203 Pennisetum americanum,YieldsCuit- Claviceps fusiformis;Pennisetum ivation,Effect, americanum, 0203 0333 Pennisetum americanum,Yields,Mulc- Drechslera setariaeIndia/Karnataka; hes,Effect, Pennisetum americanum,Seeds, 0170 0307 Pennisetum americanum:Mung Effect,Botswana;MilletsYields, bean: Stxiga, Wheat,Farmyard manure:NPK fertil- 0256 izers,Comparison,(under)Sequential GloeocercosporaMali;Pennisetum americanum, 0312 cropping, 0235 Heliothis India/Tamil Nadu; armigera;Pennisetum ame Pennisetum americanumGermplasm, Masalia,Mali;Pennisetm.ricanumPanicles, Collections, americanum, 0356 0142 Masalia India/Uttar Pradesh; nubila,Sahel,Theses;Penni_ Brachiaria mutica,(for)Reclamation, setum americanum,Inflorescences, Alkaline soils, Pseudomonas rubrilineans,Mali;Pen- 0357 0787 nisetum Echinochloa frumentacea,Seedborne americanum, 0312 fungi, Raghuva,Mali;Pennisetum americanum, 0456 0356 Eleusine coracana:Wheat,Sequential Raghuva albipunctella,Sahel,Theses; cropping,Nitrogen Pennisetum americanum,Infloresce economy, 0522 ncer,, Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Yie_ 0357 Raghuva lds,Planting date,Effect, bordat.,Sahel,Theses;Penn 0213 isetum americanumjnflorescences, Setaria italica,Seed germination, 0357 Mycotoxins,Effect, Rodents,DesertsIndia;Millets, 0652 Sitop h 0366 India/West Bengal; ilur zeamais;Pennisetum ame ricanum,Flours, Pennisetum pedicellatum,Cultivation, 0332 0757 Sitophilus zeamais;Pennisetum ame Indoleacetic acid see, ricanumSeeds, IAA 0332 Indolylacetic acid see, Tribolium americanumSeedB,castaneum,;Pennisetum IAA 0332 Indonesia; Tribolium americanum,Flours,castaneum;Pennisetum Eleusine coracana,Fermented foods, 0332 Manufacture, Xantbomonas annamalaiensis,Mali; 0552 Pennisetum Pennisetum purpureum,Foliage,Feed americanum, 0312 preferences,Goats, Infestation/Atherigona miliaceae, 0748 India;Panicum Pennisetum purpureum,Foliage,Fee,. milia-e, 0616 preferences,Sheep, Infer ation/Timing, 0748 Induced mutations, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Yield losses,(due (by) Ethyl methanesulphonate;Penn- to)Diatraes grandios ella, isetum anericanum, 0354 Mutagens,India;Eleusine 0100 Inflorescences, coracana, 0485 Culture Sclerospora graminicola/Resistance; media,Cells,Characterizat ion;Pennisetum americanum, Pennisetum americanum(Male steri- 0156 le), Culture media,Embryoids,Formation; 0317 Pennisetum Infant weaning see, americanum, 0156 Weaning Cytoplasm,Effect;Pennisetum ameri Infection/Cochliobolus; canum,Hybrids, Development;Panicum 0103 Eragrostis,Spec .,s, maximum, 0707 5 0851 Development;Setaria Infection/Drechslera coicis, anceps, 0707 Japan;Coix lachryma-jobi, Infestation,Masslia nubila,Sabel, 0428 Theses;Pennisetum Infection/Helminthosporium panici- americanum, 0357 miliacei; Infestation,Raghuva albipunctella, Sahel,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, 0357

290 americanum.Hybr Infestation,Rashuva bordati,Sahel, eum x Pennisetum bacteria, 0176 Theses;Pennisetum americanum, 0357 ids,Nitrogen-fixing Silicon/Deposition,Analysis,China; Inoculum, x Pen Setaria italica, 0658 Effect;Pennisetum purpureum 0661 nisetum americanum,Hybrids,Silage, 0771 Tissues,(for)ELbryogenesis(Somatic) Chemical composition, ,(in)Cuiture media;Pennisetum Insect control, 0603 purpureum, 0776 India;Panicum miliaceum, Inflorescences:Seed production:Head- Insecticides,India;fchinochloa 0459 ing, frumentacea, Temperatures,Effect;Panictm maximum, 0708 Insect pests, anceps, 0708 Biological control,Sahel,Researcb, Temperatures,Effect;Setaria 0341 see also, (at)GERDAT;Pennisetum americanum, Inflorescences 0347 Panicles ICRISAT;Pennisetum americanum, 0458 Spikelets India;Echinochloa frumentacea, 0459 Inheritance, 0344 Gene interaction,Role;Pelnnisetum India;Millets, 0614 americanum,Quantitative traits, 0099 India;Panicum miliare, 0623 USA;Pennisetum americanum,Blissus India;Paspalum scrobiculatum, leucopterus/Resistance, 0364 India/Andhra Pradesh;Setaria ital 0653 Inheritance; ica, 0544 Pennisetum americanum,ABA/Accumul- India/Karnataka;Eleusine coracana, ation, 0136 India/Madhya Pradesh;Pennisetum 0346 Pennisetum americanum,Harvest index, 0076 americanum, Pennisetum americanum,Maturity Research,India/Madhya Pradesh;Pen 0345 stage, 0076 nisetum americanum, 0360 Inoculation, Senegal;Millets, 0340 Effect,Lrazil;Paspalum plicatulum, Tropics;Pennisetum americanum, Yield increases,(by)Rock phosphate, Insect pests see also, Mycorrhizas, 0932 Aceria Effect,India;Eleusine coracana, Acigona ignefusalis Yields,Mycorrhizas, 0497 Atherigona miliaceae Effect,India;Pennisetum americanum, Atherigona simplex Grain yield,Azospirillum brasile- Blissus leucopterus use, 0184 Chilo diffusilineus 0185 Chilo infuscatella Effect,Israel;Paricum miliaceum, Cicadulina mbila Yields,Azospirillum brasilense, 0639 Deois incompleta Effect,Israel;Setaria italica,Yie- Diatraea grandiosella lds,Azospirillum bratilense, 0639 Heliothis armigera Effect;Panicum coloratum,Dry matter Masalia accumulation:Nitrogen assimilation, Mythimna separata Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 0926 Raghuva Effect;Panicum miliaceum,Forage, Scapteriscus acletus Yields,Azospirillum, 0638 Scapteriscus vicinus Effect;Panicum miliaceum,Yields, Sipha flava Azospirillum, 0180 Sitophilus zeamais Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Seed Spodoptera exempta germination,Azotobacter, 0178 Spodoptera frugiperda Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Yields, Tribolium castaneum Azospirillum, 0180 Insecticides, Effect;Setaria italica,Forage,Yie- Effect;Eleusine coracana,Catalase: 0474 lds,Azospirillum, 0638 Peroxidase, Effect;Setaria italica,Yields,Azo- Effect;Eleusine coracana,Leaves, 0474 spirillum, 0180 Chlorophyll/Retention, 0474 Methods;Millets, 0177 Effect;Eleusine coracana,Senescence, Review articles;Pennisetum americ- India;Echinochloa frumentacea,lns 0459 anum,Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 0176 ect control, Review articles;Pennisetum purpur

291 Insecticides; Mountain areas,Nepal;Eleusine cor Panicum miliare,Atherigona miliac- acana:Maize,Yields, 0527 eee,Control, 0615 Research,ICRISAT;Pennisetum ameri Pennisetum americanum,Claviceps canum:Groundnuts,Nitrogen fertil fusiformis,Control, 0334 izers,Effect, 0262 Insecticides see also, Tanzania;Pennisetum americanum: Phosphamidon LegumesGrain yield,Spacing,Effect, 0277 Interaction; Tanzania;Pennisetum americanum: Pennisetum americanum:Soybeans, Soybeans,Grain yield,Sowing date, Varieties,Cropping systems, 0265 Effect, 0275 Interchange see, Theses;Pennisetum americanum:Soyb Chromosome translocation eans,Yields,Planting methods,Eff Intercropping, ect, 0263 (for)Weed control;Pennisetum amer- Theses;Pennisetum americanum:Soyb icanum:Legunes, 0271 eans,Yields,Sowing rates,Effect, 0263 (on)Upland Goils,(in)Wet season, Theses;Pennisetum americanum:Soyb India/Orissa;Eleusiue coracana: eans,Yields,Spacing,Effect, 0263 Legumes, 0526 Water stress,Effect;Pennisetum Economic evaluation,India/Orissa; americanum, 0273 Eleusine coracana:Legumes, 0526 Intercropping; Effect,India;Pennisetum americanum, Brachiaria miliiformis:Legumes, Roots,Growth, 0259 Nitrogen fixation:Nitrogen trans Effect,Theses;Pennisetum americanum: fer, 0716 Soybeaus,Dry matter,Digestibility, 0263 Brachiaria miliiformis:Legumes, Effect,Theses;Pennisetum americanum: Yields, 0716 Soybeans,Proteiu composition, 0263 Pauicum maximum:Legumes,Pitrogen Effect,Theses;Pennisotum americanum: fixation:Nitrogen transfer, 0716 Soybeans,Yields, 0263 Panicum maximum:Legumes,Yields, 0716 Erysiphae polygoni,Severity;Penni- Panicum mnximum:Leucaena, 0715 setum americanum:Green gram, 0264 Pennisetum americanum, 0270 Forage,Yields;Setaria sphacelata: Pennisetum americaaum:LegumesYie Legumes, 0985 lds,Spacing,Effect, 0254 ICRISAT;Pennisetum americanum,Gen-. Pennisetum americanum:Pigeon peas, otypes,Evaluation, 0262 Yields,Planting methods,Effect, 0255 ICRISAT;Pennisetum americanum:Gro- Peunisetum americanum:Soybeans, .0265 undnuts,Yields,Light,Effect, 0282 Pennisetum americanum:Wheat,Yields, 0258 India;Pennisetum americanum:Groun- Pernisetum purpureum:White popinac, dnuts,Roots,Growth, 0259 Yields, 0769 India;Penni.setum americanum:Mung Pennisetum purpureum x Penniaetuto boan, 0251 americanum:Leucaena, 0715 0252 Setaria italica:Cotton,Yields, 0647 India/Karnataka,Theses;Eleusine Setaria italica:Soybean,Yields, coracana:Lucerne,Growth:Yields, Fertilizers,Effect, 0648 Planting methods,Phosphorus fert- Setaria italica:Soybean,Yields, ilizers,Effect, 0524 Weed controlEffect, 0648 India/Karnataka,Theses;Eleusine Intercropping:P.anting date, coracana:Soybean,Growth:Yields, Effect,Tanzania;Pennisetum americ Planting methods:Phosphorus fert- anum:Phaseolus aureus,Yields, 0268 ilizers,Effect, 0524 0269 Indir/Madhya Pradesh;Eleusine cor- Interspecific hybridization, acana:Soybean,Yielda,Sowing meth- (for)Puccinia substriata/Resistance; ods,Effect, 0420 Pennisetum americanum, 0315 India/Madhya Pradesh;Panicum mili- (for)Pyricularia grisea/Resistance; are:Soybean,Yields,Sowing methods, Pennisetum americanum, 0315 Effect, 0420 Pakistan;Pennisetum americanum: India/Madhya Pradesh;Paspalum scr- Pennisetum purpureum, 0111 obiculatum:Soybean,Yields,Sowing Interspecific hybridization; 0675 methods,Effect, 0420 Eragrostis,Species, 0675 Mali;Pennisetum americanum:Cowpeas, 0260 Paspalum,Species,

292 Panicum miliaceum,Yields,Azopiri 0675 0639 Pennisetuu,Species, Hum brasilense,Ilnoculation,Effect, americanum:Pennisetum Pennisetum Setaria italica,Yields,Azospirillum 0104 0639 orientale, brasilense,Inoculation,Effect, Iron deficiency, Ivory Coast; improvement;Eragrostis curvula, 0409 0855 Pennisetum americanum,Production, Breeding, Japan; conditions, Irrigated Coix lachryma-jobi,Drechslera coi Australia;Brachiaria mutica,Dry 0431 0790 cis,Control,Seed treatment, matter,Yields,Fertilizers,Effect, Coix lachryma-jobi,Drechslera coi soils; Irrigated cis/Incidence,Cultivation methods, Millets,Yields,Catch cropping,Eff- 0427 Effect, ect, 0279 Coix lsc?ryma-job ,Drechslera coi Millets,Yields,Double cropping, 0428 0279 cis/Infection, Effect, Coix lachryma--obi,Ustilago coicis, Irrigation, Control,Seed treatment, 0431 Effect;Pennisetum purpureumYields, 0753 Echivochloa crus-galli,Populations, Furrow see,Surface irrigation Morphology, 0435 India;Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids, Panicum maximum,Dry matter,In vitro Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, 0234 digestibility,Cutting frequency: Sprinkler see,Sprinkler irrigation Climatic factors,Effect, 0693 Surface see,Surface irrigation Panicum maximum,Dry matter,Yields, r%:igation:Soils:Fertilizers, Cutting frequency:Climatic factors, Effect;Paspalum notatum,Grass est- 0693 0946 Effect, ablishment, 0694 Irrigation/Brackish water, Panicum maximum,Nutritive value, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Geno- Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, 0889 types,Growth, 0192 Panicum maximum,Yields,Nitrogen Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Geno- fertilizers,Effect, 0888 types,Yields, 0192 Pennisetum purpureum,Dry matter, Irrigation/Saline water, In vitro digestibility,Cutting EffectIndia/Andhra Pradesh;Eleus- frequency:Cliatic factors,Effect, 0693 ine coracana,Yields, 0502 Pennisetum purpureum,Dry matter, Effect;Eleusine coracana,Growth: Yields,Cutting frequency:Climatic Yields, 0501 factors,Effect, 0693 Irrigation requirements, ame- Sowing date,Effect;Pennisetum Setaria italica,Cocksfoot mottle ricanum, 0206 virus/Susceptibility, 0654 Irrigation scheduling:Nitrogen fert- Setaria viridis,Cocksfoot mottle ilizers, virus/Susceptibility, 0654 EffectIndia/Andhra Pradesh;Eleus- millet see, ine coracana,Grain yield, 0499 Japanese Echonochloa crus-galli Irrigation scheduling/Method, tears see, Effect,lndia/Andhra Pradesh;Eleus- Job's Coix lachryma-jobi ine coracana,Grain yield, 0500 Juvenile characaters, Effect,India/Andhra Pradesh;Eleua- Genetic variation;Pennisetum amer ine coracana,Soil moisture, 0500 icanum, 0158 Effect,India/Andhra Pradesh;Eleus- Karyology; ine coracana,Water use efficiency, 0500 Pennisetum pedicellatum,Biotypes, 0742 lzrigation systems see also, Kenya; Irrigation scheduling Pennisetum americanum,Processing, 0377 Sprinkler irrigation Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0016 Surface irrigation Kikuyu grass see, Irrigation water, Pennisetum clandestinum Herbicides,Effect;Pennisetum amer- Kitazin:Dithane:Hinosan; icanum, 0054 Eleusine coracana,Pyricularia set Isotopes, ariae,Control, 0541 Fractionatio;Pennisetum americanum, Nitrogen, 0055 Israel;

293 Klein grass see, Anatomy:Forage/Quality,Relationship; Panicum coloratum Pennisetum clandestinum, 0681 Kodo millet see, Bundle sheath:MesophyllAspartate, Paspalum scrobiculatum Metabolisn;Digitaria sanguinalio, 0830 Limbs, Bundle sheath:I-esoph7ll,Protein Africa,Theses;Pennisetum purpureum, compositionComparison;Digitaria Consumption:Digestibility, 0734 sanguinalis, 0823 Australia;Digitaria decumbensPas- Bundle sheath:MesophyllProtei" turesFeeding, 0800 compositionGene expression;Digi Land use, taria sanguinalis, 0823 Dry farming,India;Pennisetum amer- Chlorophyll/Retention,Insecticides, icanum, 0283 Effect;Eleusine coracana, 0474 Larvae, Chloroplasts,Structure;Digitaria Development,Relative humidity,Eff- eriantha, 0667 ect;Pennisetum americanum,Tribol- Chlorjplasts,Structure;Eragrostis ium castaneum, 0358 pallens, 0667 Development,Temperatures,Effect; Chloroplasts,Structure;Panicum Pennisetum americanum,Tribolium maximum, 0667 castaneum, 0358 Enzyme actiiity;Panicum, 0892 Layout see, Mitochondria,Structure;Digitaria Design eriantha, 0667 Leaf area, Mitochondria,Structure;Eragrostis Sstimation;Pennisetum americanum, 0052 pallens, 0667 Le-f area index, Mitochondria,Structure;Panicum China;Setaria italic', 0642 maximum, 0667 Leaf canopy see, O-Diphenol ¢zidase:Peroxidase,Gro Canopy wth regulators,Effect,(during) Leaf protein:Nitrogen content:Nitro- Senescence;Eleusine coracana, 0475 gen uptake:Yields, Ornithine-o-o-acid aminotransferase, Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect;Penni- Kinetics,Water sress,Effect;Ele setum americanum, 0223 usine coracana, 0472 Leaf temperature:Leaf water pc.ential: PhospholipidsTemperatures,Effect; Transpiration, Panicum, 0899 Meteorological factors,Effect, Photosynthates/Partitioning,Circa (in)Flooded land,Philippines;Ech- dian rbythm,Effect;Digitaria dec inochloa crus-galli, 0449 umbens, 0801 Leaf water potential, Photosynthesis,Rate;Coix lachryma Effect;Pennioetum americanum,Stom- jobi, 0423 atal moverment, 0048 Photosynthesis,Rate;Echinocbloa Leaf water potential:Transpiration: oryzicola, 0423 Leaf temperature, Plastids;Panicum, 0892 Meteorological factors,Effect, Proteins,Electrophoresis;Digitaria (in)Flooded land,Philippines;Ech- sanguinalis, 0814 inochloa crus-galli, 0449 Pyricularia grisea/Susceptibility, Leaves, Temperatures,Effect;Eleusine cor ABA/Accumulation,Diurnal variation: acana, 0536 Water stress,Effect;Pennisetum Pyricularia oryzae/Susceptibilty, americanum, 0049 Temperstures,Effect;Eleusine cor Alanine aminotransferase:Aspartate acana, 0536 aminotransferase,Benzadox,Effect; Tissues,Mitocbondria,Isolation; 0561 Panicum miliaceum, 0565 Panicum miliaceum, 0566 Water absorption;Panicum maximum, 0721 0721 Anatomy;Panicum, 0892 Water absorption;Paspalum notatum, Anatomy:Forage/Quality,Relationship; Waxes,Chemical composition;Panicum 0606 Eragrostis retinens, 0681 miliaceum, Anatomy:Forage/Quality,Relationship; Waxes,Chemical composition;Panicum 0606 Panicum,Species, 0681 texanum, Waxes,Chemical composition;Setaria Anatomy:Forage/Quality,Relationsbip; 0606 PaspalumSpecies, 0681 italica,

294 Leaves/Saps Setaria italica, 0662 ABA,Measurement;Pennisetum americ- Lipids see also, anum, 0059 Phospholipids Leaves see also, Lipins see, Foliage Lipids Legumes, Liquid manures, Effect;Digitaria decumbens,Establ- Effect,Netherlands;Echinochloa ishment, 0820 crus-galli,Seed dispersal, 0445 Effect;Setaria,Species,Forage,Yie- Effect,Netherlands;Echinochloa lds, 0990 crus-galli,Seed longevity, 0445 Establishment;Digitaria decumbens, Litter/Measurement, Pastures, 0802 Australia;Digitaria decumbens,Pas Light, tures, 0672 Effect,(under)Intercropping,ICRISAT; Australia;Panicum maximum,Pastures, 0672 Pennisetum americanum:Groundnuts, Australia;Setaria sphacelata,Past Yields, 0282 ures, 0672 Light distribution:Photosynthesis: Little millet see, Plant height, Panicum miliare Chlormequat:GA,Effect;Digitaria MBC see, decumbens, 0697 Carbendazim Chlormequat:GA,Effect;Setaria sph- Magnesium, acelata, 0697 Effect,India;Eleusine coracana, Light intensity, Yields, 0491 Effect,India/Andhra Pradesh;Eleus- Magnesium:Boron:Calcium, ine coracana,Grain yield, 0510 Effect;Millets,Biological activity Effect;Panicum maximum,Development: in soil, 0221 Growth, 0890 Effect;Millets,Growth:Yields, 0221 Effect;Paspalum dilatatum,Fibre Effect;Millets,Mineral nutrition, 0221 content, 0940 Magnesium/Uptake:Liming:Magnesium Effect;Paspalum notatum,Fibre con- fertilizers:Potassium fertilizers: tent, 0940 Soil types, Light intensity:Nitrate fertilizers, Effect;Eleusine coracana, 0516 Effect,Theses;Eleusine coracana, Magnesium fertilizers:Potassium fer Genotypes,Nitrate reductase/Acti- tilizers:Liming, vity, 0478 Effect,(in)Acid soils;Eleusine Light see also, coracana,Yields, 0515 Illumination Magnesium fertilizers:Potassium fer Light intensity tilizers:Soil types:Magnesium/Uptake: Lignification, Liming, Effect;Paspalum dilatatum,Hay,Dig- Effect;Eleusine coracana, 0516 estibility, 0960 Malates, Lignin, Oxidation;Panicum miliaceum,Mitoc Separation;Digitaria,Species, 0804 hondria, 0560 Lime(Mineral):Nitrogen fertilizers, Malaysia; Effect;Panicum maximum,Protein Brachiaria decumbens,Pastures,Gra composition:Yields, 0873 zing, 0786 Lime see, Panicum maximum,Nitrogen fertiliz Lime(Mineral) ers,Requirements,(in)Peat soils, 0676 Liming:Magnesium fertilizers:Potass- Pennisetum purpureum,Nitrogen fer ium fertilizers, tilizers,Requirements,(in)Peat Effect,(in)Acid soils;Eleusine soils, 0676 coracana,Yields, 0515 Male fertility/Restoration, Liming:Magnesium fertilizers:Potass- Genetics,Theses;Pennisetum americ- ium fertilizers:Soil types:Magnesium/ anum(Malt sterile), 0148 Uptake, Male sterility, Effect;Eleusine coracana, 0516 Nigeria;1'ennisetum americanum,Var Lipids, ieties, 0070 Feeds,Cattle;Millets, 0388 Temperatures,Effect;Pennisetum Lipids; americanum, 0123

295 Male sterility see also, Mali;Pennisetum americanum,Infeet 0356 Cytoplasmic male sterility ation, nubila, Mali; Masalia Sabel,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, Millets, 0018 Infloreacences,Infestation, 0357 Pennisetum americanum,Cultivation, effects, 0260 MHsalia see also, Covpeas,Reridual uubila americanum,Infestation, Masalia Pennisetum period:deading date, Gloeocercosporn, 0312 Maturation Combining ability,Analysis;Pennis Pennisetum americanum,Infestation, etum americanum, 0117 Masalia, 0356 Component analysis;Pennisetum ame Pennigetum americanum,Infestation, ricanu., 0117 Pseudomonas rubrilineans, 0312 Maturity, Pennisetum americanum,lnfestation, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Harv- Raghuva, 0356 eating/Timing, 0211 Pennisetum americanum,Infes.ation, Effect;Pennisetum purpureum X Pen Xanthomonas annamalaiensis, 0312 nisetum americanum,Hybrids,Cell Pennisetum americanum,Phenotypes, wall components, 0767 Varibbility, 0205 Effect;Pennisetum purpureum X Pen Pennisetum americanum,Varieties, nisetum americanum,Hybrids,Forage/ Acigona ignefusalis/Resistance, Quality, 0767 Evaluation, 0351 Maturity groups, Pennisetum americanum,Variety tri- Grain yield:Plant height,Relation- al7,Claviceps microcephala/Resis- ship,Path coefficients;Paspalum tance, 0311 scrobiculatum, 0621 Pennisetum americanum,Variety tri- Maturity see also, als,Sclerospora gravinicola/Resi- Maturity groups stance, 0311 Maturity stage, Pennisetum americanum,Variety tri- Inheritance;Pennisetum americanum, 0076 als,Tolyposporium penicillariae/ Resistance, 0311 Media, Propagation see,Culture media Pennisetum americanum:Cowpeas,lnt- Meiasis, ercropping, 0260 Analysis;Pennisetum americanum, Mali/ICRISAT; Mutants, 0139 Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0010 Trisomy,Effect;Pennisetum america Malt, num, 0121 (for)Beers,Manufacture;Eleusine Meiosis; coracana, 0551 Pennisetum americanum,Fl hybrids, Fermentation,(for)Alcoholic bever- Chromosome translocation, 0128 ages;Millet8, 0398 Pennisetum americanum,Tetraploids, Weaning,Foode;Eleusine coracana, 0550 Chromosome pairing, 0141 Malting and brewing see, Pennisetum americanum,Trisomy, 0121 Brewing Meiosis see also, Management:Establishment; Asynapsis Pennisetum flaccidum, 0741 Chromosome pairing Pennisetum orientale, 0741 Mercury/Vapour, Marketing, Uptake;Digitaria sanguinalis, 0558 Nepal;Pennisetum americanum, 0405 Uptake;Panicum miliaceum, 0558 Semiarid zones,India;Pennisetum Mesophyll:Bundle sheath, americanum, 0407 zones,West Africa,Biblio- Aspartate,Metabolism;Digitaria Semiarid 0401 sanguinalis,Leaves, graphies;Pennisetum americanum, Protein composition,Comparison; Semiarid zones,West Africa,Review 0823 0402 Digitaria sanguinalis,Leaves, articles;Pennisetum americanum, Protein composition,Gene expression; Senegal;Millets, 0408 0823 Digitaria sanguinalis,Leaves, Marketing; Mesophyll:Parenchyma, Millets, 0403 see, Effect;Panicum,Species,Digestibil 0924 Marshlande ity, Wetlands Masalia,

296 Metabolic inhibitors, Effect;Echinochloa crus-galli,Var- Brachiaria decumbensRhizoophere, ietiesGermination, (for)Dicalcium Phosphate,Solubility; 0719 0438 Panicum maximum,Rhizosphere, Paspalum 0719 Metabolism, 0439 Microscopy;scrobiculatum,Starch,Dig_ Anaerobiosis;Echinochloa crus-galli, Seedlings, estion,(by)Amylaaes, Anaerobiosis;Echinochloa 0444 Middle East; 0625 crus-galli, Millets,Training Seeds, 0002 0443 Millets, Ditaim Digitaria Aflatoxins,ContentAnalysis sheath:Mesophyll,Aspartate,sanguinalisLeavesBundle 0393 Metabolism:Translocation:Uptake; 0830 BeersNutritive value,South Biological activity in Afrita 0399 Setaria italica,Fluazifop-butyl, Calcium:MagnesiumEffectsoil,Boron: Metabolism see 0631 Breeding,Senegal131 0221 MetrogensmetabolisoConsumption,Nigeriaalso, Nitrogen metabolism 013dn1snea Cropping systems,Arid regions,India 0414 Photosynthesis 0253 Metalaxyl, Cropping systems,Evaluation,Nepal 0267 Effect;Pennisetum Cultivntion,SenegalCultivationBrazil americanumScle. 0024 Development:GrowthTrace rospora graminicola/Incidence, elements, 0001 Seed treatment, Effect 0327 0237 Effect;Pennisetum americanumSeed- Drought resistance Entomology,ResearchSenegal 0043 ling emergence,Seed treatment, 0343 Translocation:Uptake;Penniseum 0327 Feeds 0390 americanum, Flours,UsesAfrica 0064 0003 Meteorological factors, Germplasm,CollectionsICRISAT Effect,(in)Flooded 0107 land,Philippines; 0127 Echinochloa crus-galli,Leaf Growth:Yields,Boron:Calcium:Magne7 temp- sium,Effect erature:Leaf water potential:Tra- nspiration, Heat resistance 0221 Meteorological 0449 Improvement,Sahel 0043 Precipitation factors see also, Infestation,RodentsDeserts 0019 Temperatures India 06 0366 Metolachlor:Alachlor, Inoculation,Methods Absorption,Comparison;Echinochloa Insect pests,Senegal 0177 0344 crus-galli, LipidsFeedsCattle 0446 0388 M Mali crus-galli, Malt,Fermentation,(for)Alcoholic 0018 Phytotoxicity,Comparison;Echinoch 0446 beverages loa crus-galli, MarketingSenegal 0398 Metribuzin0 0446 Marketing 0408 Application Mineral 0403 metbods;Eleusine indica, nutritionBoron:Calcium Control, MagnesumEffet 0843 Niger 0221 Metribuzin:Napropamide:Trifluralin; Pest control 0342 0404 Digitaria sanguinalis,Control, Eleusine indica,Control, 0679 Pests,Bibliographies Microclimate, 0679 Photosynthesis 0348 Spacing,Effect;Pennisetum Plant rhabdovirusesMorphologyUSSR 0033 americanum, PlantersBotswana 0338 0301 Microelements see, 0204 Prices ResearchIRAT 0403 Microflora,Trace elements 0004 Research,India Fungicides,Foliar application,Eff- 0005 Senegal 0015 ect;Eleusine coracana,Rhizosphere, Micronutrient 0495 0022 fertilizers see, Soil and water conservation,Resea- Trace element rchIndia 02 fertilizers 0173 Microorganisms, Sprouts,Nutritive value 0392 (for)Dicalcium Stored products phosphate,Solubility; pest control,Burundi 0362 Stored products pests,Mites,India/

297 Haryana 0361 Aceria Training,Africa 0002 Mitochondria, 0003 DNA,Structure;Pennisetum Training,Middle a-aericanum, 0112 East 0002 Isolation;Pznicum miliaceum,Leaves, Uses,Bibliographies 0394 Tissues, 0561 Varieties,Nutritive value 0371 Malates,Oxidation;Panicum miliaceum, Vitarains,Losses,(due 0560 to)Cooking 0373 Structure;Digitaria eriantha,leaves, Water stress,Control,(by)Agronomic 0667 Structure;Eragrostif pallens,Leaves, practices 0667 0219 Structure;Panicum maximum,Leaves, 0667 Wines,China 0400 Mitomycin:Streptomycin; Yield increases,Agrnomic practices, Pennisetum avericanum,Mutants, (under)Dry farming,India 0218 (vith)Cytoplasmic male oterility, Yields,Catch cropping,Effect,(on) Development, 0082 Irrigated soils 0279 Mixed cropping, Yields,Double cropping,Effect, Brazil;Brachiaria humidicola:Legu (on)Irrigated soils 0279 mes,Chemical composition, Yields,Striga,Infestation,Effect, 0685 Brazil;Brachisria humidicola:Legu Botswana 0256 mes,Yields, 0685 Yields,Water harvesting,Effect, Brazil;Panicum maximum:Legumes, Semiarid zones,India 0195 Chemical composition, Yields 0685 0033 Brazil;Panicum maximum:Legumes, Millets see also, Yields, 0685 Coix lachryma-jobi Brazil;Pnspalum plicatulum:Legumes, Echinochloa crus-galli Chemical composition, 0685 Echinochloa frumentacea Brazil;Paspalum plicatulum:Legumes, Eleusine coracana Yields, Panicum 0685 miliaceum Brazil;Setarin ophacelata:Legumes, Panicum miliare Chemical composition, Paspalum 0685 scrobiculatum Brazil;Setaria ophacelsta:Legumes, Pennisetum americanum Yields, 0685 Setaria italica Dry matter,YieldB;Paspalum:Alfalfa, 0964 Milling and baking quality, India/Kerala;Panicum maximum,Forage, Heat treatment,Effect;Panicum mil- Yields, iaceum,Starch, 0703 0604 India/Kerala;Pennisetum purpureum, Milling quality see, Hybrids,Forage,Yields, 0703 Milling aud baking quality Nitrogen fixation;Pennioetum Mills; amer icanum:Groundnuts, 0179 Pennisetum americanum,Decortication, 0375 Nodulation;Pennisetum Mineral nutrition, americanum: Groundnuts, 0179 Boron:Calcium:Magnesium,Effect; USA/Florida;Echinochloa polystachya: Millets, 0221 Legumes,Yields, Minerals:Oxalic 0695 acid, USA/Florida;Paspalum notatum:Legu Association,Path coefficients;Pen- mes,Yields, 0695 nisetum americanum, 0037 Mixed cropping; Minerals:Oxalic acid; Digitaria decumbens,Cultivars,Nem Pennisetum americanum,Combining atode control, 0812 ability, 0085 Mixed cropping see also, Minerals/Loss, Intercropping (from)Soils,Senegal;Pennisetum Mobility, americanum:Groundnuts,Sequential Comparison;Echinochloa crus-galli, cropping, 0278 Alachlor:Metolachlor, 0446 Minerals aee also, Models, Lime(Mineral) Semiarid zones;Pennisetum Minor millets see, america num,Growth, 0163 Millets Moisture content, Mites, Conservation methods,Burkina India/Haryana;Millets,Stored Faso, prod- Theses;Panicum maximum,Forage, 0709 ucts pests, 0361 Conservation methods,Burkina Faso, Mites see also, Theses;Pennisetim purpureum,Forage, 0709

298 mutations Molasses, Induced Mycorrhizas, EffectCuba;Pennisetum purpureum X Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids, Inoculation,Effect,Brazil;Paspalum increases,(by) Silage quality, 0744 plicatulum,Yield Rock phosphate, 0932 Morphology, crus-galli,Popu- Inoculation,Effect,India;Eleusine Japan;Echinochloa 0497 1stions, 0435 coracana,Yields, fertilizers: USSR;Millets,Plant rhabdoviruses, 0338 Mycorrhizas:Nitrogen Clipping, Morphology; 0564 Effect;Panicum coloratum,Nitrogen Panicum miliaceum,Pollen, 0921 Pennisetum americanum,Trisomics, 0152 content, also, Setaria,Species,Pollen, 0564 Mycorrhizas see Mountain areas, Glomus fasciculatus Nepal;Eleusine coracana,Research, 0461 Glomus mosseae Nepal;Eleusine coracana:Maize,Yie- Mycotoxins, lds,(under)Intercropping, 0527 Effect,India/Uttar Pradesh;Setaria 0652 Mozambique; italica,Seed germination, Pennisetum americanum,Breeding, 0073 Mycotoxins; fungi, 0652 Mucilages, Setaria italica,Seedborne Structure;Paspalum,Roots,Epidermis, 0938 Mycotoxins see also, Mulches, Aflatoxins Effect,India/Rajasthan;Pennisetum Oxalic acid americanum,Soil moisture, 0170 Mythimna separata/Resistance, Effect,India/Rajasthan;Pennisetum Evaluation,ICRISAT;Pennisetum ame 0363 americanum,Yield s, 0170 ricanum, Mulching meterials see, NPK fertilizers, Mulches Effect,(under')Rotations,India/Har Mutagens, yana;Pennisetum americanum:Wheat, 0245 India;Eleusine coracana,Induced Yields, mutations, 0485 Effect,(under)Rotations;Pennise~um 0239 Mutagenas see also, americanum:Wheat, Ethyl methanesulphonate Effect,lndia/Haryana;Pennisetum 0246 Mitomycin americanum,Hybrids,Yields, Streptomycin Effect,Sequential cropping,India/ Mutants, Andhra Pradesh;Panicum miliaceum, 0584 (for)Breeding efficiency,USSR;Pan- Yields, icum miliaceum, 0570 Effect;Eleusine coracana,Growth: 0518 (with)Cytoplasmic male sterility, Yields, pro Development,(by)Mitomycin:Strept- Effect;Panicum miliaceum,Seed 0580 omycin;Pennisetum americanum, 0082 duction, Bivalents,Formation,Analysis;Penn- Uptake:Use efficiency,Clipping: isetum americanum, 0139 Soil moisture,Effect;Echiuochloa 0837 Chlorophyll,Synthesis,Environmental colonum, factors,Effect;Pennisetum americ- NPK fertilizers:Farmyard manure, crop anum, 0113 Comparison,(under)Sequential Chromosome breakage:Chromosome ping,India/Rajasthan;Pennisetum 0235 pairing,Relationship;Pennisetum americanum:Mung bean:Wheat, ferti americanum, 0114 NPK fertilizers:Trace element Dwarfism,(by) Ethyl methanesulpho- lizers, nate;Pennisetum americanum, 0100 Effect;Digitaria decumbens,Compos 0704 Genetic variation:Quantitative ition:Yields, traits,India;Eleusine coracana, 0485 Effect;Paspalum notatum,Composition: 0704 Meiosis,Analysis;Pennisetum ameri- Yields, canum, 0139 Napier grass see, Mutations, Pennisetum purpureum Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Phen- Napropamide:Trifluralin:Metribuzin; 0679 otypes,Structural genes, 0078 Digitaria sanguinalis,Control, 0679 Mutations see also, Eleusine indica,Control, Genetic variation

299 Narcotics see, Panicum maximum,Yields,Zinc ferti Anaesthetics lizersEffect,(in)Grassland soils, 0856 Neburon:2, Pennisetum americanum,Claviceps 4-D;Eleusine coracanaWeed control, 0530 fusiformis/Reristance,Evaluation, 0335 Neem cake coated/Nitrogen fertilizers, Pennisetum ameLicanumCropping Effect;Eleusine 3 coracana,1utrient systems,Research, 0274 uptake:Yields, 0521 Pennisetum americanum,Farming sys Nematicides; tems,Semiarid zones, 0276 Digitaria decumbens,Roots,Extracts, 0813 Pennisetum americanum,Flours,Food Nematoda see also, products, 0396 Helicotylenchus abunaami Pennisetum americanum,Germplasm, Heterodera Collections, 0126 Nematode control, Pennisetum americanum,Processing, (by)Mixed cropping;Digitaria decu- Technology,Evaluation, 0378 mbens,Cultivars, 0812 Pennisetum americanum,Processing: Nematode infections, Uses, 0396 Africa;Pennisetum americanum, 0339 Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0020 Nepal; Pennisetum americanum,Varieties, Eleusine coracana,Extension, 0462 Male sterility, 0070 Eleusine coracana,Research, 0462 Pennisetum americenum,Weed control, 0465 0466 0467 0469 Glyphosate:Paraquat, 0293 Eleusine coracanaResearch,Mountain Nigeria/ICRISAT; areas, 0461 Pennisetum americanum,Breeding, Eleusine coracana,Varieties,Perfo- Research, 0133 rmance testing, 0488 Pennisetum americanum,Fungal dise Eleusine coracana,Variety trials, 0489 ases,Research, 0309 0490 Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0010 Eleusine coracana:Maize,Yields, Nitrate fertilizers:Light intensity, (under)Intercropping,Mountain Effect,Theses;Eleusine coracana, areas, 0527 Genotypes,Nitrate reductase/Acti Millets,Cropping systems,Evaluation, 0267 vity, 0478 Pennisetum americanum,Marketing, 0405 Nitrate reductase/Activity, Pennisetum americanum,Price policy, 0405 Light intensity:Nitrate fertilizers, Netherlands; Effect,Theses;Eleusine coracana, Echinochloa crus-galli,Seed dispe- Genotypes, 0478 rsal,Liquid manures,Effect, 0445 Nitrate reductase/Activity; Echinochloa crus-galli,Seed longe- Pennisetum americanum, 0055 vity,Liquid manures,Effect, 0445 Nitrate reduction:Nitrate trausloca New Zealand; tion:Nitrate uptake, Paspalum,Feeds,Nutritive value, Temperatures,Effect;Pennisetum Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, 0958 americanum, 0065 Paspalum,Forage,Yields,Nitrogen Nitrate translocation:Nitrate uptake: fertilizers,Effect, 0958 Nitrate reduction, Niger; Temperatures,Effect;Pennisetum Millets, 0404 americanum, 0065 Niger/ICRISAT; Nitrate uptake; Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0007 Pennisetum americanum, 0055 0010 Nitrate uptake:Nitrate reduction: Nigeria; Nitrate translocation, Brachiaria decumbens,Hay,Nutritive Temperatures,Effect;Pennisetum valueSheep, 0664 americanum, 0065 Millets,Consumption, 0414 Nitrates/Accumulation, Panicum maximum,Erosion:Runoff, Cutting frequency:Nitrogen fertil (from)Oxisols, 0891 izers,Effect;Brachiaria decumbens, Panicum maximum,Hay,Nutritive value, Forage, 0714 Sheep, 0664 Lutting frequency:Nitrogen fertil Pani.um maximum,Yields,Phosphorus izers,Effect;Brachiaria humidicola, fertilizers,Effect,(in)Grassland Forage, 0714 soils, 0856 Cutting frequency:Nitrogen fertil

300 izersEffect;Brachiaria radicans, Nitrogen content; Forage, 0714 TJigitaria decumbens,Dry matter, 0818 Cutting frequency:Nitrogen fertil- Nitrogen content:Dry matter, izersEffect;Panicum maximum,For- Cutting frequency:Cutting height, age, 0714 EffectAustralia;Bracbiaria decu Cutting frequency:Nitrogen fertil- mbens, 0700 izers,Effect;Paspalum notatum, Cutting frequency:Cutting height, Forage, 0714 Effect,Australia;Digitaria decum Cutting frequency:Nitrogen fertil- bens, 0700 izers,Effect;PaspaluL, saurae,For- Cutting frequency:Cutting height, age, 0714 Effect,Australia;Panicum maximum, 0700 CuLting frequency:Nitrogen fertil- Cutting frequency:Cutting height, izers,Effect;Setaria sphacelata, Effect,Australia;Setaria sphacel Forage, 0714 ata, 0700 Cutting frequency:Nitrogen fertil- Nitrogen content:Nitrogen uptake: izers:Effect;Brachiaria ruzizien- Yields:Leaf protein, sis,Forage, 0714 Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect;Penni Nitrates see also, setum americanum, 0223 Ammonium nitrate Nitrogen cycle, Nitrogen, Trampling,Effect;Pennisetum cland Isotopes,Fractionation;Pennisetum estinum, 0755 americanum, 0055 Nitrogen cycle see also, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Nitrogen economy Inociulation,Effect;Panicum colors- Nitrogen fixation tum,Dry matter accumulation:Nitr- Nitrogen transfer •ogen assimilation, 0926 Nitrogen economy, Inoculation,Review articles;Penni- India/Uttar Predesh;Eleusine cora setum americanum, 0176 cana:Wbeat,Sequential cropping, 0522 Inoculation,Review articles;Penni- Nitrogen fertilizers, setum purpureum x Pennisetum ame- Application date,Effect;Panicum ricanum,Hybrids, 0176 maximum,Seed production, 0872 Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, Distribution:Uptake ;Setaria ital Effect,(in)Vertisols,Review artic- ica, 0645 les;Pennisetum americanum,Yields, 0168 Dosage effect;Panicum maximum,Seed Effect,(under)Rain-fed farming, production, 0872 India/Maharashtra;Setaria italics, Effect,(during)Autumn;Pennisetum Grain yield, 0646 clandestinum,Yields, 0759 Effect,(under)Seque.tial cropping; Effect,(on)Sandy soils,India/Andhra Pennisetum americanum:Wheat, 0249 Pradesh;Eleusine coracana,Grain Effect,India,Theses;Eleusine cora- yield, 0519 cana,Nutrient uptake:Water use Effect,(under)Dry farming;Pennise efficiency:Yields, 0520 tum americanum,Yields, 0217 Nitrogen assimilation, Effect,(under)IntercroppingResea Enzymes;Brachiaria mutica, 0725 rch,ICRISAT;Pennisetum americanum: Enzymes;Panicum maximum, 0725 Groundnuts, 02b2 Enzymes;Pennisetum purpureum, 0725 Effect,(under)Irrigation,India; Nitrogen assimilation:Dry matter Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids, accumulation, Yields, 0234 Nitrogen-fixing bacteriainoculat- EffecL,(under)Rain-fed farming, ion,Effect;Panicum coloratum, 0926 India;Eleusine coracana,Yields, 0513 Nitrogen content, Effect,(under)Rain-fed farming, Animal feeding,Brazil;Brachiaria Theses;Pennisetum americanum,Gen- decumbens,Forage, 0792 otypes,Yields, 0226 Brazil;Brachiaria decumbens,Pastu- Effect,(under)Rotations,India/Har res, 0792 yana;Pennisetum americanum:Wheat, Clipping:Mycorrhizas:Nitrogen fer- Yields, 0284 tilizers,Effect;Panicum coloratum, 0921 Effect,(under)Sequential cropping; Comparison;Setaria italica,Cultiv- Eleusine coracana:Cotton:Sorghum, ars, 0643 Yields, 0523

301 EffectAustralia;Pennivtum americanum,Flowering, Effect;Brachiaria decumbens,Forage, 0229 Nitrates/Accumulation, Rffact,Brazil;Digitaria decumbens, 0714 Chemical cOmpositicon:Yields, Effect;Brachiaria humidicolaForage, 0832 Nitrates/Accumulation, Effect,India;Eleusine corarana, 0714 Yields, Effect;Brachiaria radicans,Forage, 0512 Nitrates/Accumulation, Effect,India;Pennisetum americanum, 0714 Grain yield, Effect;Panicut,Taximum,Forage,Nit- 0184 rates/Accumuation, Effect.India/Haryana;Pennisetum 0714 americanum,Hybrids,Yields, Effect;Paspalum 0244 Nitrates/kccumu notatum,Forage, EffectJapan;Panicum laton, 0714 maximum,Nutr- Effect;Paspalum itive snuw:ae,Fcrage,Nit- ". lue, 0889 EffectJapan;Panicum rates/Accuijlation, maximum,Yields, 0888 Effect;Setaria J714 Eff#c-,!ew Z7dland;Paspalum,Feeds, ap! .celata,Forage, Nitrates/Accumulation, Nutritive value, 0714 0958 Nitrogen fertilizers:Effect:Cutting Effect,New Zealand;Paspalum,Forage, Yields, frequency; Effect;EchinochloaSpeciesWeed 0958 Brachiaria ruziziensis,Forage,Nit rates/Accumulation, competition, 0714 0836 Nitrogen Effect;Eleusine coracana,Grain fertilizers:Farmyard manure, yield, Effect,(under)Rotations;Pennisetum 0517 americanum:Wheat,Yields, Effect;Panicu. ,Dry matter,Yields, 0242 0904 Nitrogen fertilizers:Irrigation Effect;Panicum virgatum,Chemical sch- composition, eduling, 0886 Effect,India/Andhra Effect;Panicum virgatum,Dry Pradesh;Eleus matter, ne coracana,Grain Yields, yield, 0499 0874 Nitrogen fertilizers:Lime(Mineral), Effect;Panicum virgatum,Yields, iiffect;Paspalum 0886 Effect;Panicum maximum,Protein notatum,Forao., compositin:Yields, iieldc, 0873 0937 Nitrogeij -rtilizers:Soil Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Geno- moisture, Effect, )idia;Eleusine typesAgronomic characteristics, coracana, 0145 Soil -aitrogen/Availability, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Leaf 0494 Nitrogen fertilizers/Neem protein-I.itrogen content:Nitr.lgen cake coated, uptake:Yields, Effect;Eleusine coracana,Nutrient 0223 uptake:Yields, Effect;Pennisctum americanum,Seed 0521 Nitrogen fertilizers quality, see also, Effect;Pennisetum 0208 Ammonium nitrate purpureum,Yields, 0772 Foliar application:Soil Nitrate fertilizers iLjection, Sulphur coated Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Grain urea yield, Nitrogen fixation, Requirements,(in)Peat 0238 Activity,(in)Culture media,China; soils,Malay- Enterobacter sia;Panicum maximum, cloaceae, 0190 Requirements,(in)Pe 0676 Azospirillum;Panicum miliaceum, a t soils,Malay- Azospirillum;Paspalum 0638 sia;Pennisetum notatum, 0927 purpureum, 0676 Azospirillum;Setaria Requirements,Sowing italica, 0638 date,Effect; Azospirillum Pennisetum americanum, brasilanse,India;Pen 0206 nisetum Starter dressings,Effect;Setaria americanum, 0185 anceps,Pastures,Establishment, Azotobacter;Pennisetum americanum, 0977 0178 Starter dressings,Effect;Sataria Enterobacter cloaceae,China;Penni setum sphacelata,Pastures,Establislment, americanum, 0190 0977 Evaluation;Paspalum Nitrogen fertilizers:Clipping:Mycor- notatum,Genot- rhizas, ypes, '0 0939 hifta ni NNitrogen 3 Effect;Panicum fixation; content, coloratum,Nitrogen 0921 Brachiaria decumbens,Rhizosphere, Nitrogen fertilizers:Cutting, Azospirillum, Digitaria,P091izophere,Azospirillum, 0182 Effect;Brachiaria 0182 decumbens,Chemi- Digitaria cal composition, decumbens,Forage, 0729 0784 Panicum,Rhizosphere,Azospirillum, Nitrogen fertilizers:Cutting 0182 freque- Paspalum ncy, notatum, 0Q57 Paspalum notatum,Roots, 0961

302 Pennisetum americanum, 0186 Numerical taxonomy; Pennisetum americanum,Rhizosphere, Eragrostideae, 0853 Azospirillum, 0182 Nutrient balance, Pennisetum americanum:Groundnuts, (in)Soils,(under)Rotations;Pennis Mixed cropping, 0179 etum americanum:Cowpeas:Wheat, 0172 Pennisetum clandestinum,Forage, 0729 Nutrient contents:Nutritive value, Setaria tomentosa,Rbizosphere,Azo- Poultry;Panicum miliaceum,Feeds, 0607 spirillum, 0182 Nutrient uptake, Nitrogen fixation:Nitrogen transfer, Comparison;Setaria italicaCultiv (under)Intercropping;Brachiaria ars, 0643 miliiformis:Legumes, 0716 CultivationEffectIndia/Rajasthan; (under)Intercropping;Panicum maxi- Pennisetum americanum, 0203 mum:Legumes, 0716 Nutrient uptake:Growth, Nitrogen metabolism, Soil heatingEffect;Setazia italics, 0637 Australia;Panicum maximum, 0866 Nutrient uptake:Water use efficiency: Heating,Effect;Panicum miliaceum, 0567 Yields, Temperatures,Effect;Pennisetum Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, americanum, 0065 EffectIndia,Theses;Eleusine cor Nitrogen transfer:Nitrogen fixation, scans, 0520 (under)Intercropping;Brachiaria Nutrient uptake:Yields, miliiformis:Legumes, 0716 Neem cake coated/Nitrogen fertili (under)Intercropping;Panicum maxi- zers,Effect;Eleusine ccracana, 0521 mum:Legumes, 0716 Nutrients, Nitrogen uptake, Effect,Sri Lanka;Pennisetum polys Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Yields, 0222 tachyon,Growth, 0732 Genetic variation;Pennisetum amer- Nutrients see also, icanum, 0222 Malt Plant density,Effect;Pennisetum Nutrient balance americanum,Hybrids, 0197 Nutritive value, Sowing date,Effect;Pennisetum ame- Cattle;Digitaria decumbens,Feeds, 0816 ricanum,Hybrids, 0197 Cattle;Pennisetum purpureum x Pen Nitrogen uptake:Yields:Leaf protein: nisetum americanum,Hybrids, 0756 Nitrogen content, Climatic factors,Effect;Pennisetum Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect;Penni- clandestinum, 0752 setum americanum, 0223 Evaluation;Coix lachryma-jobi,Sto Nitrogenase activity, ver,Silage, 0432 EstimationAssays;Penuisetum amer- Illumination,Effect;Panicum maximum, 0923 icanum, 0187 India;Echinochloa crus-galli,Feeds, 0374 0188 0189 India;Eleusine coracana,Feeds, 0374 Nitrogenase activity; India;Pennisetum americanum,Feeds, 0374 Panicum maximum,Cells,(as)Growing Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect,Japan; media,(for)Azospirillum brasilense, 0181 Panicum maximum, 0889 Pennisetum americanum,Cells,(as) Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect,New Growing media,(for)Azospirillum Zealand;Paspalum,Feeds, 0958 brasilense, 0181 Pigs;Eleusine coracana,Feeds, 0547 Nodulation; Poultry;PaLicum miliaceum,Feeds, 0608 Pennisetum americanum:Groundnuts, 0609 Mixed cropping, 0179 Poultry;Pennisetum americanum, 0387 Nonionic surfactants, Sheep,Nigeria;Brnchiaria decumbens, Effect;Echinochloa crus-galli,Ger- Hay, 0664 mination, 0436 Sheep,Nigeria;Panicum maximum,Hay, 0664 Nozzles; Sheep;Pennisetum purpureum,Silage, 0735 Paspalum dilatatum,Control,Glypho- South Africa;Millets,Beers, 0399 satle, 0949 Theses;Pennisetum purpureum x Pen Nucleic acids:Proteins, nisetum americanum,Hybrids,Feeds, 0737 Localization;Pennisetum americanum, Nutritive value; Anthers,Tissues, 0062 Echinochloa frumentacea,Feeds, 0451 Localization;Setaria italica,Anth- Millets.Sprouts, 0392 ers,Tissues, 0062 Millets,Varieties, 0371

303 Panicum virgatum,Forage, 0880 Eleusine Pennisetum indicaControl, americanum,Feeds, 0389 Oxalates/Poisoning, 0846 Pennisetum americanum.Varieties, 0371 (in)Cattle,Brazil;Setaria Pennisetum americanum,Varieties, anceps, Feeds, Forage, 0988 0391 Oxalic acid:Minerals, Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Forage, Association,Path coefficients;Pen 0774 nisetum americanum, Nutritive value:Chemical composition, 0037 Sheep,India;Panicum Oxalic acid:Minerals; miliaceum,Feeds, 0610 Uromyces setariae/Infection,Effect; Pennisetum americanum,Combining ability, Setaria italica, 0085 0650 Oxen see, Nutritive value:Chemical composition: Digestibility, Cattle Changes,(during)Vegetative Oxidation; period; Panicum Echinochlca crus-galli, miliaceum,Mitochondria, 0460 Malates, Nutritive value:Nutrient contents, 0560 Poultry;Panicum Oxisols, miliaceum,Feeds, 0607 Nutritive value:Silage Brazil,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, quality, Cultivation Additives,Effect,Brazil;Pennisetum methods, 0169 purpureum, Colombia;Brachi.ria decumbens,Yie 0775 O-Diphlool oxidase:Peroxidase, lds,Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, Nigeria;Panicum 0783 Growth regulators,Effect,(during) maximum,Erosion: Runoff, Senescence;Eleusine coracana,Lea- 0891 yes, Oxygen, 0475 Olfactory organs, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Seed germination, Response;Pennisetum 0026 americanum, Pakistan; Volatile compounds,Tribolium castaneum, Panicum antidotale:Bothriochloa 0359 pertusa,Allelopathy, Ontogeny; 0292 Pennisetum americanum,Embryoids, Panicum antidotale:Cenchrus cilia- 0157 risAllelopathy, Pennisetum americanum,Embryos(Imm- 0292 Pennisetum ature),Culture media,Embryoids, emericanumFungal dise 0157 ases,Survy, Organic fertilizers:Green manures, 0305 Effect,(in)Tropical Pennisetum americanum:Bothriochloa soils,India; pertusaAllelopathy, Eleusine coracana,Yields, 0292 0492 Pennisetum Organic matter in soil; americanum:Cenchrus ciliaris,Allelopathy, Pennisetum rurpureum, 0292 Ornithine-oxo-acid 0749 Pennisetum amecicanum:Pennisetum aminotransferase, purpureum,Interspecific Kinetics,Water stress,Effect;Eleu- hybridiz ation, sine coracana,Leaves, 0472 0111 Setaria italica:Bothriochloa pert Osmotic adaptation, usaA11elopathy, Evaluation;Pennisetum 0292 Water stress, americanum, Setaria 0047 Allelopathy,italica:Cenchrus ciliaris, 0292 Osmotic pressure, 0050 Pangola grass see, Digitaria decumbens Effect,India/Haryana;Panicum miliare,Germination, Panicles, 0613 Ovaries, Infestation,Heliothis armigera; Pennisetum ataericanum, Growth regulators,Effect,(under) 0353 Panicum, Culture media;Pennisetum americanum, Dry matter,Yields,Nitrogen fertil 0057 Ovaries see also, izers,Lffect Forage,Yields,Soil 0904 Ovules pH,Effect 0881 LeavesAnatomy Ovules:Pollen, 0892 Leaves,Enzyme RatioChanges,(during)Domestication; activity 0892 Eleusine,Species, LeavesPhospholipidsTemperatures, 0850 Effect Dxadiazon; 0899 Leaves,Plastids Digitaria,Species,Control, 0892 0821 Pastures,Cuba Dxadiazon:Bensulide; 0683 Rhizosphere,Azospirillum,Nitrogen

30h 0727 0182 Effect fixation availabi Specieo,Anatomy 0922 Seedling emergenceWater lity,Effect 0728 Species,Digestibility,Mesophyll: Panicum dichotomiflorum, 0924 0689 ParenchymaEffect (as)Weeds,USA Species,Grass establishment,Austr- 0686 Control ,Atrazine:Cyanazine:Tridip alia bane 0861 ,Lei yes,Anatomy:Forage/Qua- 0875 Species Control,Butylate lity,Relationship 0681 0674 Control,Herbicides,USA/Netraska Species,Paotures,Animal feeding, 0711 0687 Control,Herbicides Australia 0900 0911 0912 0905 0877 Species,Taxonomy,Brazil Control,Herbicides:Herbicide anti Panicum aciculare, 0864 0860 dotes Savannas,Cuba 0452 Control,Primagram Panicum amarum, 0673 0863 Control,Sethoxydim Forage,USA Panicum laevifolium, Panicum antidotale, soils 0882 0039 Yields,Gypsum,Effect,(in)Sodic Salt tolerance maximum, mine wastes,Effect, Panicum Yields,Copper(in)Semiarid climate,USA/Arizona 0852 (as)Soil conditioners 0717 0718 0882 Yields,Gypsum,Effect,(in)Sodic soils 0907 Apomixis ,Heredity ant idotale :Bothriochloa per- 0908 Panicum Apomixis tusal Boron uptake,Gypsum,Effect,(in) Allelopathy,Pakistan 0292 0696 Sodic soils Panicum antidotale:Cenchrus ciliaris, 0292 Cells,(as)Growing media,(for)Azos Allelopathy,Pakistan pirillum brasilense,Nitrogenase Panicum capillare, 0181 0452 activity Control,Primagram. 0862 Control,Alachlor coloratum, 0901 Panicum Controi,Asulam:Dalapon matter accumulation:Nitrogen 0902 Dry Control,Dalapon:Glyphosate assimilation,Nitrogen-fixing bac- 0903 0926 Coritrol,Herbicides teria,Inoculation,Effect 0865 Cultivars,Description Forage,Digestibility,Environmental Development:Growth,Light intensity, 0713 0890 factors,Effect Effect Forage,Potassium content,Winter, Development:Growth,Photoperiod, 0691 0890 Effect Effect Forage/Quality:Yields,Temperatures: Development:GrowthTemperatures, stress,Effect,Theses 0858 0890 Water Effect GerminationSoil water potential, 0726 Dry matter,In vitro digestibility, Effect,Australia Cutting frequency:Climatic factors, Germination,Temperatures,Effect, 0693 0728 Effect,Japan Australia Dry matter,Yields,Cutting frequency: Grass establishment,Sowing depth, 0693 0727 Climatic factors,Effect,Japan Effect 0694 content,Clipping:Mycorrh- Nitrogen matter:Nitrogen content,Cutting fertilizers,Effect 0921 Dry izas:Nitrogen frequency:Cutting height,Effect, Punch planting,(for)Grass establi- 0700 0690 Australia shment Embryogenesis(Somatic),(in)Tissue 0066 0883 Roots,Photosynthates,Translocation culture emergence,Water availabi- 0895 Seedling Emergence,Seed treatment,Effect 0728 0895 lity,Effect,Australia Emergence,Seed weight,Effect 0916 0895 Seedlings,Groth Emergence,Soil moisture,Effect 0885 0895 Yields,Australia Emergence,Temperatures,Effect 0909 0891 Yields,Theses Erosion:Runoff,(from)OxisolsNigeria decompositum. 0867 Panicum Establisbment,Herbicides water potential, 0705 GerminationSoil Feed supplements,Ccttle,Australia 0726 0868 Effect,Australia Feeds,Cattle Germination,Temperatures,Effect, Forage,Moisture content,Conservat 0728 0709 Australia ion methods,Burkina Faso,Theses Grass establishment,Sowing depth,

305 Forage,Nitrates/Accumulation,Cutt- eristics,Effect 0876 ing frequency:Nitrogen fertilizers, Seed production Effect 0707 0714 Seedlings,Growth,Fertilizers,Effect 0893 Forage,Performance testing,Brazil 0684 SeedlingsGrowth,Seed weight,Effect 0893 Forage,Yields,(under)Mixed cropping, Seedlings,Growth,Soil India/Kerala moisture, 0703 Effect 0893 Forage,Yields,Combustion:Planting Seedlings,Growth,Temperatures,Effect date,Effect 0893 0898 Soil fertility,Brigalow soils,Aus Forage,Yields,Cutting frequency, tralia 0866 Effect ,Puerto Rico 0919 Varieties,Yields 0884 Forage,Yields 0724 Water stress Forage/Quality,Harvesting,Effect 0760 0897 Yields,Deforestation,Effect 0918 Germination,(effect of)Seed treat- Yields,Harvesting,Effect ment,(with)Potassium 0897 chloride 0896 Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, Grazing,Steers 0920 Japan Grazing 0888 0887 Yields,Phosphorus fertilizers,Eff Groth,Pho&phorus fertilizers,Effect 0879 ect,(in)Grassland soils,Nigeria Hay,Nutritive 0856 value,Sheep,Nigeria 0664 Yields,Zinc fertilizers,Effect, Heading:Inflorescences:Seed produ- (in)Grassland soilsNigeria 0856 ctionTemperatures,Effect 0708 Panicum maximum:Legumes, Hybrids(Apomictic),Reproductive Chemical composition,(under)Mixed behaviour 0908 cropping,Brazil 0685 Inflorescences,Development 0707 Nitrogen fixation:Nitrogen LeavesChloroplasts,Structure transfer, 0667 (under)Intercropping 0716 Leaves,Mitochondria,Structure 0667 Yields,(under)Intercropping Leaves,Water absorption 0716 0721 Yields,(under)Mixed cropping,Brazil 0685 Nitrogen assimilation,Enzymes 0725 Panicum maximum:Leucaena, Nitrogen fertilizers,Requirements, Intercropping 0715 (in)Peat soils,Malaysia 0676 Panicum miliaceum, Nitrogen metabolism,Australia 0866 (as)Weeds Nutritive value,Illumination,Effect 0596 0923 ABA:IAA,Cooling,Effect,USSR 0569 Nutritive value,Nitrogen fertiliz- Aceria,China 0602 ers,Effect,Japan 0889 Aspartate aminotransferase,Recons Pasture composition,(effect on) titution Feed intake,Cattle 0557 0710 Atherigona miliaceae/Incidence 0599 Pastures,Animal feeding 0723 Callus,Drought tolerance 0563 Pastures,Botanical composition: CallusSalt tolerance 0563 Yields,Sowing methods,Effect 0677 Chemical control 0589 Pastures,Litter/MeasurementAustr- Chloroplasts,Polypeptides,Composi alia 0672 tion 0559 Photosynthesis,Savannas 0678 Control,Chloraniben Protein composition:Yields,Lime 0586 Control,Cyanazine:EPTC,Theses 0590 (Mineral):Nitrogen fertilizers, Control,Cyanazine:Pendimethalin: Effect 0873 Simazine 0592 Rhizosphere,Bacteria 0722 Control,EPTC Rhizosphere,Microorganisms,(for) 0597 Control,Fluazifop-butyl 0595 Dicalcium phosphate,Solubility 0719 Control,Herbicides Seed aging 0585 0917 0587 0588 0591 0593 0594 Seed dormancy,Heat treatment,Effect 0894 Cultivation,Agroclimatic Seed longevity,(in)Rumen,Steers regions, 0682 USSR 0576 Seed production,Harvest date:Head- Cultivation,Argentina ing date,Effect 0553 0706 Cultivation 0579 Seed production,Harvesting losses, Cultural control Evaluation 0589 0692 Feeds,Chemical composition:Nutrit Seed production,Nitrogen fertiliz- ive value,Sheep,India ers,Application 0610 date,Effect 0872 Feeds,Nutrient contents:Nutritive Seed production,Nitrogen fertiliz- value,Poultry ers,Dosage effect 0607 0872 Feeds,Nutritive value,Poultry 0608 Seed product ion,Spikelets charact- 0609

306 YieldsAzoopirillum brasile.se, icat ion, Sequential 0639 Fertilizer appl Inoculation,Effect,Israel 0583 0575 Yields,Climatic factors,Effect,USSR Forsge,Yields,Azospirillum.Inocul- Yields,NPK fertilizers,Effect,Seq FtiogYifelcatjion,Effect 0638 uential cropping,India/Andhra 0531 0584 Forage,Yields,USSR Pradesh Genotypes ,Genetic variation,Agron- 0571 Panicum miliaceum:Setaria italica: omic characteristics 0418 Echinochloa frumentacea, Germplasm,CoIlectionsIndia 0421 Seed germination,Amylases/Activity, 0629 0422 Comparison Germplasm,Ilndia Seed germination,Carbobydrates, ,USSR 0568 0629 Growth,Cooling,Effect Comparison abunaami,Host range 0601 Helicotylenchus Panicum miliare, Helminthosporium panici-miliacei/ ,Inse 0600 Atherigona miliaceae ,Control Infection 0615 0603 cticides Insect control,India miliaceae/Incidence 0615 aminotransferase: Atherigona Leaves,Alanine Atherigona miliaceae/Infestation, Aspartate aminotransferase,Benza- 0616 0565 India dox,Effect 0419 0566 Carbohydrates ,Content Germination,Alkalinity:Salinity, Leaves,Tissues,Mitochondria,Isola- 0613 0561 Effect ,India/Haryana tiou 0606 Germination,Osmotic pressure,Effect, LeaveaWaxes,Chemical composition 0613 0558 India/Haryana Mercury/Vapour,Uptake 0418 0560 Germplasm,Collections,India Mitochondria,Malates,Oxidation 0421 Mutants,(for)Breeding efficiency, 0422 0570 Germplasm,India USSR 0614 0638 Insect pesto,India Nitrogen fixation,Azospirillum Protease inhibitors 0036 metabolism,Heating,Effect 0567 0021 Nitrogen Research,Ilndia ,Cooling,Effect,USSR 0568 0612 PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis,Inhibition,(by)Ben- 0416 0417 0611 0565 Variety trials,Atherigona miliaceae/ zadox 0616 Resistance,India 0566 0619 Variety trials,India/Bihar Plant height,Air temperature :Prec- ipitation,Effect,USSR 0577 Panicum miliare:Soybean, Yields,Soving methods,Effect,(under) Pradesh 0420 Plant height:Yields,Relationship, 0577 Intercropping,lndia/Madhya USSR 0564 Panicum milioides, Pollen,Morphology Growth:Photosynthesis ,Relative inhibitors 0036 0925 Protease 0578 humidity,Effect Pure lines,Cultivation,India/Bihar 0870 0562 Photorespirat ion Regenerat ion, (from)Callus 0870 0021 Photosynthesis ,Enzymes ,Role Research,India 0857 Photosynthesis 0416 0417 0554 0555 0871 Seed production,NPK fertilizers, 0580 Panicum scribnerianum, Effect Grazing behaviour,Fertilizer herb Sphacelotheca destruens,Control, icide combinations,Effect,Cattle, elements,USSR 0598 0859 (by)Trace USA/Oklahoma Starch,Chemico-physical properties, Panicum see also, treatment,Effect 0605 Heat aciculare and baking quality, Panicum Starch,Milling Panicum amarum Heat treatment,Effect 0604 0556 Panicum antidotale Taxonomy,Poland Panicum comloratum Varieties,Cultivation,(under)Rota- 0582 Panicum decompositum t ions,Romania 0574 Panicum dichotomiflorum Varieties,Yields,India/Bihar 0573 Panicum laevifolium Variety trials,Arid regions,USSR 0574 Panicum maximum Variety trials,India/Bihar Panicum miliaceum trials,USA/Nebraska 0572 Variety Panicum miliare Yields,Azospirillum,Inoculation, 0180 Panicum milioides Effect

307 Panicum scribnerianum development 0952 Panicum tenerum Diploids:Tetraploids,Pollen viabi 0952 Panicum texanum lit y Panicum virgatum Feeds ,Nutritive value,Nitrogen Panicum tenerum, fertilizers,Effect,New Zealand 0958 Savannas,Cuba 0860 Forage,Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers, Panicum texanum, Effect,New Zealand 0958 Control,CGA-82725 0869 Roots,Epidermis,Mucilages,Structure 0938 Leaves,Waxes,Chemical compobition 0606 Species,Forage/Quality,Freezing. Panicum virgatum, Effect 0947 Chemical composition,Nitrogen fer- SpeciesInterspecific hybridization 0675 tilizers,Effect 0886 Species,Leaves,Anatomy:Forage/Qua Cultivars,Chromosome number 0906 lity,Relationship 0681 Cultivars,Polyploids 0906 Paspalum:Alfalfa, Dry matter,Yields,Nitrogen fertil- Mixed cropping,Dry matter,Yields 0964 izers,Effect 0874 Paspalum conjugatum, Ecotypes,Seed production,Site fac- Bibliographies 0935 tors,Effect 0910 Viruses,Philippines 0670 Forage,Nutritive value 0880 Paspalum dilatatum, ForageWater use efficiency 0880 ControlGlyphosate,Nozzles 0949 Forage,Yieldt',Fertilizers,Effect 0913 Dry matter,Yields,Environ.ental 0941 Forage,Yields 0880 factors,Effect Genetic variation,Dry matter cont- Dry matter,Yields,Evaluation,USA/ ent:Digestibility 0915 Louisiana 0959 0934 Grazing behaviour,Fertilizer herb- Ecotypes,Forage,Yields,Tb ses icide combinations,Effect,Cattle, Feed intake,Feed supplements,Effect 0944 0942 USA/Oklahoma 0859 Feeds,Cattle Grazing trials 0915 0944 Berbicides,Analysis 0453 Feeds,Sheep 0944 Weed control,Herbicides 0878 Fibre content,Environmental factors, 0941 Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect 0886 Effect Yields,Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect 0914 Fibre content,Light intensity,Effect 0940 0940 Panoctine, Fibre content,Soil moisture,Effect 0940 I-tdia/Karnataka;Eleusine coracana, Fibre content,Temperatures,Effect Drechslera nodulosa,Control,(by) Forage,Chemical composition:Diges Seed treatment, 0537 tibility:Energy content,Relation India/Karnataka;Eleusine coracana, ship 0698 Pyricu!3rie grisea,Control,(by) Growth:Physiology,Temperatures, Seed treatment, 0537 Effect,Theses 0954 0960 Paper mill sludge, Hay,Composition Effect,Theses;Eleusine coracans, Hay,Digestibility,Lignification, 0960 Genotypes,Growth:Yields, 0509 Effect Para grass see, In vitro digestibility,Environmen 0941 Brachiaria mutica tal factors,Effect 0680 Paraquat:Glyphosate, Pastures,Grazing,Cattle,Thailand 0951 Nigeria;Pennisetum americanum,Weed Pastures,Yields,Grazing,Effect control, 0293 Paspalum distichum, 0933 Parenchyma:Mesophyll, Control Effect;Panicum,Species,Digestibil- Distribution,Environmental factors, 0933 ity, 0924 Effect Parenchyma see also, Paspalum guenoarum, 0950 Mesophyll Cultivars,Comparison Parents:Hybrids, Paspalum intermedium x Paspalum vir Growth analysis;Pennisetum americ- gatum see, anun, 0145 Paspalum virgatum x Paspalum inte Paspalum, rmedium Diploids:Tetraploids,Chromosomes, Paspalum jurgensii x Paspalum virga Behaviour 0952 tum see, jurg Diploids:Tetraploids,Embryonic Paspalum virgatum x Paspalum

308 ensii Pastures,Animal feeding,Australia 0687 Paspalum notatum, Pastures,Australia 0666 Apomixis,Environmental factors, Rhizosphere,Bacteria 0722 Effect 0930 Yield increases,(by)Rock phosphate, Composition:Yields,Trace element Hycorrhizas,Inoculation,Effect, fertilizers:NPK fertilizers,Effect 0704 Brazil 0932 Control,Herbicides 0943 Paspalum plicatulum:Legume, Dry matter,Yields,Ammonium nitrate: Chemical composition,(under)Hixed Sulphur coated urea,Effect 0702 cropping,Brazil 0685 Dry matter,Yields,Euvironmental Yieldo,(under)Mixed cropping,Brazil 0685 factor,,,Effect 0941 Paspalum saurae, Dry matter,Yields,Evaluation,USA/ Forage,Nitrates/AccumulationCutt Louisiana 0959 ing frequency:Nitrogen fertilizers, Dry matter,Yields,Recurrent aelec- Effect 0714 tion,Effect 0948 Paspalum scrobiculatum, Fibre content,Environmental factors, Alternaria alternata,India 0622 Effect 0941 Atherigona simplex,Control ,Phosh- Fibre content,Light intensity,Effect 0949 amidonjIdia/Madhya Pradesh 0624 Fibre content,Soil moisture,Effect 0940 Carbohydiates,Content 0419 Fibre content,Temperatures,Effect 0940 Germplasm,Coilections,India 0418 Forage,Nitrates/Accumulation,Cutt- 0421 ing frequency:Nitrogen fertilizers, Germplasm,India 0422 Effect 0714 High yielding varieties,Performance Forage,Yield losses,(due to)Scapt- testing,India/Madhya Pradesh 0620 eriscus vicinus,USA/Florida 0962 Insect pests,India 0623 Forage,Yields,Clovers,Effect 0937 Maturity groups,Grain yield:Plant Forage,Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers, height,Belationship,Path coeffic Effect 0937 ients 0621 Genotypes,Nitrogen fixation,Evalu- Protease inhibitors 0036 ation 0939 Research,India 0021 Grass establishment,Fertilizers: 0416 0417 0617 0618 Irrigation:SoilsEffect 0946 Starch,Digestion,(by)Amylases,Mic Herbicides,Phytotoxicity 0956 roscopy 0625 In vitro digestibility,Environmen- Yield losses,(due to)Atherigona tal factors,Effect 0941 simplex,India/Madhya Pradesh 0624 Leaves,Water absorption 0721 Paspalum scrobiculatum:Soybean, Nitrogen fixation,Azospirillum 0927 Yields,Sowing methods,Effect,(under) Nitrogen fixation 0957 Intercropping,India!adhya Pradesh 0420 Pastures,Damage,Scapteriscus acle- Paspalum see also, tus:Scapteriecus vicinus,USA/Flo- Paspalum conjugatum rida 0963 Paspalum dilstatum Recurrent selection,Yield increases 0931 Paspalum distichum Roots,Growth,Root systems,Effect, Paspalum guenoarum (on)Compact soil 0936 Paspalum intermedium Roots,Nitrogen fixation 0961 Paspalum jurgensii Roots,Photoaynthates,Translocation 0066 Paspalum notatum Sporobolus poiretii,Control,Dalapon: Paspalum plicatulum Tebuthiuron 0956 Paspalum scrobiculatum Paspalum notatum:Legumes, Paspalum vaginatum Yields,(under)Mixed cropping,USA/ Paspalum virgatum Florida 0695 Paspalum vaginatum, Paspalum plicatulum, Salt tolerance 0945 Adaptability,(to)Climatic factors, Paspalum virgatum, Australia 0699 Control,Atrazine 0955 Combustion,Seasons,Effect 0953 Cytology 0929 Defoliation(Tillers),Grazing,Effect 0928 Seed germination,Herbicides,Effect 0955 Feed supplements,Cattle,Australia 0705 Paspalum virgatum x Paspalum interm ForagePotassium content,Winter, edium, Effect 0691 Hybrids,Genetic analysis 0929

309 Paspalum virgatum x Paspalum jurgen- Brachiaria decumbens, 0794 aii, Legumes,Establiahment;Digitaria Hybrids,Genetic analysis 0929 decumbens, 0802 Pasture composition, Litter/Measurement,Australia;Digi (effect on)Feed intake,Cattle;Bra- taria decumbens, 0672 chiaria mutica, 0710 Litter/Heasurement,Australia;Pani (effect on)Feed intake,Cattle;Dig- cum maximum, 0672 itaria decumbens, 0710 Litter/Measurement,Australia;Seta (effect on)Feed intake,Cattle;Psn- ria sphacelata, 0672 icu maximum, 0710 Nitrogen content,Brazil;Brachiaria Pauture management, decumbens, 0792 Animal production,Colombia;Brachi- Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect;Bra aria decumbens, 0794 chiaria decumbens, 0779 Philippines;Brachiaria mutica, 0669 Yields,Grazing,Effect;Paspalum Philippines;Pennisetum clandestinum, 0669 dilatatum, 0951 Philippines;Pennisetum purpureum, 0669 Pastures; Pastures, Digitaria decumbens, 0809 Animal feeding,Australia;Panicum, Pasturing see, Species, 0687 Grazing Animal feeding,Australia;Paspalum Path coefficients; plicatulum, 0687 Paspalum scrobiculatum,Haturity Animal feeding;Brachiaria decumbens, 0723 6roups,Grain yield:Plant height, Animal feeding;Brachiaria humidic- Relationship, 0621 ola, 0723 Pennisetum americanum,Inbred lines, Animal feeding;Panicum maximum, 0723 Heritability, 0143 Australia;Brachiaria decumbens, 0666 Pennisetum americanum,Inbred lines, Australia;Paspalum plicatulum, 0666 Yield components:Protein composi Botanical composition:Yields,Sowing tion,Genetic variation, 0143 methods,Effect;Brachiaria decumb- Pennisetum anericauum,Minerals: ens, 0677 Oxalic acid,Association, 0037 Botanical composition:Yields,Sowing Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum methods,Effect;Panicum maximum, 0677 americanum,Hybrids, 0773 Cuba;Brachiaria, 0683 Pathogenicity; Cuba;Digitaria, 0683 Pennisetum americanum,Varieties, Cuba;Panicum, 0683 Sclerospora graminicola, 0329 Cuba;Pennisetum, 0683 Pearl millet see, Damage,Scapteriscus acletus:Scapt- Pennisetum americanum eriscus vicinus,USA/Florida;Pasp- Peat soils, alum notatum, 0963 Malaysia;Panicum maximum,Nitrogen Establishment,Nitrogen fertilizers, fertilizers,Requirements, 0676 Starter dressings,Effect;Setaria Halaysia;Pennisetum purpureum,Nit anceps, 0977 rogen fertilizers,Requirements, 0676 Establishment,Nitrogen fertilizers, Peganum barmala:Pennisetum americanum, Starter dressings,Effect;Setaria Allelopathy 0296 sphacelata, 0977 Pendimethalin:Simazine:Cyanazine; Feeding,Lambs,Australia;Digitaria Panicum miliaceum,Control, 0592 decumbens, 0800 Pennisetum, Feeds,Cattle;Brachiaria decumbens, 0779 Pastures,Cuba 0683 Grazing,Cattle,Thailand;Brachiaria Species,Germplasm,Collections,Zambia 0124 decumbens, 0680 Species,Interspecific hybridization 0675 Grazing,Cattle,Thailand;Paspcilum Pennisetum americanum, dilatatum, 0680 (as)Hosts,Cicadulina mbila 0365 0136 Grazing,CaLtle,Thailand;Setaria ABA/Accumulation,lnheritance sphacelata, 0680 Acetylee rpeuction,(by)Bacteria, 0175 Grazing,Malaysia;Brachiaria decum- Variatioxis,Evaluation 0300 bens, 0786 Agricultural engineering,Botswana 0164 Grazing,South Africa;Digitaria Agroclimatology,Semiarid zones eriantha, 0023 Agronomic characteristics,Genetic 0146 Grazing intensity,Cattle,Colombia; analysis

310 Agronomic characteristics:Grain WeatherEffect,India/Gujarat 0331 yield,Relatiouship 0201 Claviceps fusiformis/Resistance, Agronomic cbhracteristics:Yields, Evaluation,India 0335 Seed size:Seedling vigour,Effect 0038 Claviceps fusiformis/Resistance, Agronomy,Reneurch,India 0202 Evaluation,Nigeria 0335 Alcohol dehydrogenase/Mobility, Claviceps microcephala,Seperators, Structural genea,Effect 0077 India 0330 Amylolysin 0369 Cochliobolus geniculatus 0308 Androgeneeis 0031 Combiuing ability,(for)Green fodd Aneuploids 0155 era,Yields 0085 Anthers,Histochemistry 0062 Combining ability,(for)Harvest index 0110 Anthers,Tissues,Nucleic acids:Pro- Combining ability,(for)Hinerals: teino,Localization 0062 Oxalic acid 0085 Bird control,UCH,India 0368 Combining ability,(for)Protein Blissus leucopterus/Rusistoice, composition 0153 Inheritance,USA 0364 Combining ability,(for)Yields 0110 Bran,Silicon content,(effect on) Composite varieties,Breeding methods 0074 Health,China 0395 Composite varieties,Gene banks: Breeding,(for)PopulationsImprove- Selection 0074 ment,Theses 0161 Cost benefit analysis,India/Rajas Breeding,Claviceps fusiformis/Res- than 0413 istance 0337 Cropping systems,Alfisols,Semiarid Breeding,Mozambique 0073 zones,India 0286 Breeding,Research,ICRISAT 0108 Cropping systems,Research,Nigeria 0274 Breeding,Research,ICRISAT/Nigeria 0133 Cultivars,Claviceps fusiformis/ Breeding,Sclerospora graminicola! Resistance,Screening 0336 Resistance,Senegal 0323 Cultivars,Performance testing,India/ Breeding,Sclerospora graminicola/ Maharashtra 0088 Resistance 0317 Cultivation,(in)Saline soils,India/ Breeding methods,(for)Protein com- Haryana 0171 position,Improvement 0090 Cultivation,Cowpeas,Residual effe Bulk density,Tillage,Effect,India/ cts,Mali 0260 Rajasthan 0220 Cultivation,India 0025 Canopy/Temperatures,Spacing,Effect 0204 Cultivation,Technology,India 0214 Cells,(as)Growing media,(for)Azos- Cultivation,Zimbabwe 0212 pirillum brasilense,Nitrogenase Cultivation methods,Oxisols,Brazil, activity 0181 Theses 0169 CellsChromoscme translocation, Cyperus rotundusControl,2,4-D 0297 (by)Carbendazim 0084 Cyperus rotundusControlAtrazine 0297 Chemical composition,(during)Deve- Cytogenetics,Review articles 0134 lopmental stages 0101 Cytoplasmic male sterility,India 0072 Chilo diffusilineus,Burkina Faso 0349 DNA,Isolation 0061 Chilo infuscatella,Chemical control, DNA,Synthesis 0068 China 0352 Decortication,Mills 0375 Chilo infuscatella,Control,China 0355 Diatraea grandiosella 0350 Chilo infuscatella,Geographical Disease resistance 0313 distribution,China 0352 Drought resistance,Research,ICRISAT 0030 0355 0053 Chromosome number 0155 Drought resistance,Screening,Tech- Chromosome translocation,Tester set 0128 niques,Theses 0147 Chromosome translocation 0079 Drought resistance 0044 0159 Dry farming,India 0266 Claviceps fusiformis,Control,Aure- 0272 ofungin 0334 Dry matter,Yields,Phosphorus resi Claviceps fusiformis,Control,Cuman 0334 dual effect,India 0232 Claviceps fusiformis,Control,Inse- Dwarfism,Theses 0089 cticides 0334 Embryoids,Ontogeny 0157 Claviceps fusiformis,Control,Ridomil 0334 Embryos(Immature),Culture media, Claviceps fusiformis/Incidence, Embryoids,Ontogeny 0157

311 Ensyme activity,(during)Developme- GenotypesGenetic variation,Quant ntal stages 0101 itative traits 0115 Exotics/Germplasm,Inbred lines, Genotypes,Growth,Brackish water/ Development 0080 Irrigation,Effect 0192 Fl hybrids,Chromosome translocation, Genotypes,Growth:Yields,Environme Heiosis 0128 ntal factors,Effect,India 0130 Faiing systems,Research,ICRISAT 0261 Genotypes,Performance testing,Aus Farming 'stems,Semiarid zones, tralis 0135 Nigeria 0276 Genotypes,Plant height,Genetics 0118 Fatty acid,-k:alysis 0372 Genotypes,Sclerospora graminicola/ Yeeds,Composition,India 0374 Resistance,Evaluation 0319 Feeds,Nutritive value,India 0374 Genotypes,Stover,Yields,Genetics 0118 Feeds,Ilutritive value 0389 Genotypes,Tillering,Genetics 0118 Feeds,Pigs 0386 Genotypes,Yields,Brackish water/ Feeds,Poultry 0387 Irrigation,Effect 0192 Feeds,Rodents 0367 Genotypes,Yields,Nitrogen fertili Fertilizer diotributors,Design 0299 zers,Effect,(under)Rain-fed farm Fertilizer requirement determinat- ing,Theses 0226 ion,Methods,Evaluation,India/Delhi 0224 Germplasm,Collections,ICRISAT 0107 Flours,Food products,Nigeria 0396 0125 0127 Flours,Infestation,Sitophilus zea- Germplasm,Collections,India/Tamil mais 0332 Nadu 0142 Flours,Infestation,Tribolium cast- Germplasm,Collections,Nigeria 0126 aneum 0332 Germplasm,Collections,Sudan 0086 Flowering,Nitrogen fertilizers, Germplasm,Collections,Zambia 0124 Effect,Australia 0229 Grain yield,Azospirillum brasilense, Food products,Amino acids:Vitamin Inoculation,Effect,India 0184 B,Losses,(due to)Cooking,India/ 0185 Andhra Pradesh 0397 Grain yield,Fertilizers,Use,Econo Forage,Yields,(under)Dry farming, mics,India 0210 India 0257 Grain yield,Genetic analysis 0146 Forage,Yields,Seed treatment,Effect, Grain yield,India/Gujarat 0193 Theses 0196 Grain yield,Nitrogen fertilizers, Forage,Yields,Sowing methods,Effect, Effect,Ind'ia 0184 Theses 0196 Grain yield,Nitrogen fertilizers, Forage,Yields 0389 Foliar application:Soil injection, Fungal diseases,Research,ICRISAT/ Effect 0238 Nigeria 0309 Grain yield,Phosphorus fertilizers, FunLal diseases,Review articles 0302 Effect 0227 Fungal diseases,Survey,Pakistan 0305 Grain yield,Soil moisture,Effect 0044 Gene interaction,Quantitative traits 0154 Grain yield,Spacing,Effect,(under) Generations,Quantitative traits, Dry farming,India/Gujarat 0209 Genotype environment interaction 0098 Grain yield,Technology/Adoption, Genes,Regulation 0138 Economics,India 0210 Genomes,DNA,Organization 0102 Grain yield,Water stress,Effect, Genomes,Organisation 0138 Genetic analysis,Tbeses 0147 Genotype environment interaction, Growth,Models,Semiarid zones 0163 Growth analysis 0130 Growth:Stomatal movement:Water Genotype environment interaction, use,Relationship 0044 Regression analysis 0116 Gynoecium;Sorghum,Pollen germinat Genotype environment interaction, ion, 0144 Water stress,Theses 0147 Haploids,Production,(by)Androgenesis 0132 Genotype environment interaction 0118 Harvest index,Inheritance 0076 Genotypes,Agronomic characteristics, Harvesting/Timing,Maturity,Effect 0211 Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect 0146 Head characters:Grain yield,Relat Genotypes,Drought resistance,ABA, ionship 0201 Role 0027 Heading date:Maturation period, Genotypes,Evaluation,Intercropping, Combining ability,Analysis 0117 ICRISAT 0262 Heading date:aturation period,

312 Component analysis 0117 Effect,India/Haryana 0244 Herbicides,Phytotoxicity 0028 Hybrids:Parents,Grovth analysis 0145 0054 Improvement,Research,ICRISAT 0011 HeteroderaAfrica 0339 Improvement,Research,ICRISAT/Senegal 0094 HeterosisGene interaction,Role 0140 0106 Heterosis 0145 Improvement,Research,ICRISAT/Sudan 0109 Heterozyzosity:Trisomy,Coincidence 0159 Improvement,Research,Senegal 0095 High yielding varieties,Chemical 0096 0097 composition 0370 Improvement,Southern Africa 0009 High yielding varietieaGrain yield, Inbred lines,Agronomic characteri India 0210 stics:Yields,Correlation analysis 0129 High yielding varietiesYields, Inbred lines,Forage,Yields,Diallel Fertilixers:Soil managementEffect 0285 analysis 0087 Hybrids,ABA/AccumulationEvaluation 0046 Inbred lines,Genetic variation,Study 0129 Hybrids,Agronomic characteristics, Inbred lines,Heritability,Path Combining ability,Analysis 0149 coefficients 0143 Hybrids,AsynapsisInduction 0122 Inbred lines,Heritability,Study 0129 HybridsCombining ability,(for) Inbred linesHeterosis 0081 Quantitative traits 0151 Inbred lines,Yield components:Pro Hybrids,Dry matterYields,Cytoplasm, tein compositionGenetic variation, Effect 0103 Path coefficients 0143 Hybrids,Gene interaction,(for)Qua- Inbred linesYieldE,Combining abi ntitative traits 0151 lity,Studies,(b')Uiallel crossing 0140 Hybrids,Gene interaction,Agronomic Induced mutations,(by) Ethyl meth characteristics 0149 anesulphonate Hybrids,Inflorescences,Cytoplasm, 0100 Infestation,Ciaviceps fusiformis 0333 Effect 0103 Infestation,Glopocercospora,Mali 0312 Hybrids,Nitrogen uptake,Plant den- InfestationMasalia,Mali 0356 sity,Effect 0197 Infestation,Pseudomonas rubriline Hybrids.Nitrogen uptake.Sowing ans,Mali 0312 date,Effect 0197 Infestation,Raghuva,Mali 0356 Hybrids,Performance testing,India 0150 Infestation,Xanthomonas annamalai Hybrids,Seed characters,Cytoplasm, ensis,Mali 0312 Effect 0103 Inflorescences,Culture media,Cells, Hybrids,Seed production,India 0383 Characterization 0156 Hybrids,Seed production,India/Mah- Inflorescences,Culture media,Embr arashtra 0382 yoids,Formation 0156 Bybrids,Seeds,Handling,Postharvest Inflorescences,Infestation,Masalia systems 0381 nubila,Sahel,Theses 0357 Hybrids,Stomatal resistance,USA/ Inflorencences,lnfestation,Raghuva Kansas 0198 albipunctella,Sahel,Theses 0357 Hybrids,Water use efficiency,USA/ Inflorescences,Infestation,Raghuva Kansas 0198 bordati,Sahel,Theses 0357 Hybrids,Yielda,Fertilizer combina- Insect pests,Biological control, tions,EffectIndia/Haryana 0246 Sahel,Research,(at)GERDAT 0341 Hybrids,Yields,NPK fertilizers, Insect pests,ICRISAT 0347 Effect,IndiaHnryana 0246 Insect pests,India/Madhya Pradeah 0346 Hybrids,Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers, Insect pests,Research,India/Madhya Effect,(under)Irrigation,Indic 0234 Pradesb 0345 Hybrids,Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers, Insect pests,Tropics 0340 Effect,India/Haryana 0244 Intercropping,Water stress,Effect 0273 Hybrids,Yields,Plant density,Effect 0197 Intercropping 0270 0200 Interspecific bybridization,(for) Hybrids,Yields,Planting date,Effect, Puccinia substriata/Resistance 0315 India/Uttar Pradesh 0213 Interspecific hybridization,(for) Hybrids,Yields.Sowing date,Effect 0197 Pyricularia grisea/Resistance 0315 0200 Irrigation requirements,Sowing Hybrids ,Yields,USA/Kansas 0198 date,Effect 0206 Hybrids,Yields,Zinc fertilizert, Irrigation water,Herbicides,Effect 0054

313 Juvenile characatersGenetic vari- 0188 0189 ation 0158 Nutrient uptake,Cultivation,Effect, Land use,Dry farming,India 0283 India/Rajasthan 0203 Leaf area,Estimation 0052 Nutritive value,Poultry 0387 Leaf protein:Nitrogen content:Nit- Ovaries,Growth regulators,Effect, rogen uptake:Yields,Nitrogen fer- (under)Culture media 0057 tilizers,Effect 0223 Panicles,Infestation,Heliothis Leaves,ABA/Accumulation,Diurnal armigera 0353 variation:Water stress,Effect 0049 Phenotypes,Alcohol dehydrogenase, Leaves/Sap,ABA,Meaburement 0059 Activity 0078 Male sterility,Temperatures,Effect 0123 Phenotypes,Structural genes,Mutat Marketing,Nepal 0405 ions,Effect 0078 Marketing,Semiarid zones,India 0407 Phenotypes,Variability,ali 0205 Marketing,Semiarid zones,West Afr- Phenotypes,Variability,Senegal 0205 ica,Bibliographies 0401 Phenotypic stability,Biochemical Marketing,Semiarid zones,West Afr- genetics 0101 ica,Review articles 0402 Phosphorus:Zinc,Uptake,Calcium Maturity stage,Inheritance 0C76 carbonate,Effect,Theses 0233 Meiosis.Trisomy,Effect 0121 Phosphorus:Zinc,Uptake,Farmyard Metalaxyl,Translocation:Uptake 0064 manure,Effect,Theses 0233 Microclimate,Spacing,Effect 0204 Phosphorus:Zinc,Uptake,Phosphorus Minerals:Oxalic acid,Association, fertilizers,Lffect,Theses 0233 Path coefficients 0037 Phosphorus:Zinc,Uptake,Zinc ferti- Mitochondria,DNA,Structure 0112 lizers,Effect,Theses 0233 Mutants,(witL)Cytoplasmic male Phosphorus fertilizers,Requirement, sterility,Development,(by)Mitomy- Soil moisture,Effect,India/Haryana 0225 cin:Streptomycin 0082 Pollen tubes,Growth,Polysaccharides, Mitants,Bivalents,For-mation,Analysis 0139 Characterization 0051 Mutants,Chlorophyll,Synthesis,Env- Populations,Recurrent selection, ironmental factors,Effect 0113 ICRISAT 0071 Mutants,Chromosome breakage:Chrom- Populations:Progeny,Agronomic cha osome pairing,Relationship 0114 racteristics,Comparison 0092 Mutants,Dwarfism,(by) Ethyl metha- Populations:Progeny,Yield compone nesulphonate 0100 nts,Coparison 0092 Mutants,Meiosis,Analysis 0139 Potassium fertilizers,Requirement 0230 Mythimna separata/Resistance,Eval- Potassium uptake,(from)Alluvial uation,ICRISAT 0363 soils 0236 Nematode infections,Africa 0339 Potassium uptake 0248 Nitrate reductase/Activity 0055 Price policy,Nepal 0405 Nitrate reduction:Nitrate translo- ProcessingKenya 0377 cation:Nitrate uptakeTemperatures, Processing,Technology,Evaluation, Effect 0065 Nigeria 0378 Nitrate uptake 0055 Processing:Uses,Nigeria 0396 Nitrogen,Isotopes,Fractionation 0055 Production,Burkina Faso 0412 Nitrogen-fixing bacteria,Inoculat- ProductionIvory Coast 0409 ion,Review articles 0176 Production,Senegal 0410 Nitrogen fertilizers,Requirements, ProductionTogo 0411 Sowing date,Effect 0206 Protease inhibitors 0036 Nitrogen fixation,Azospirillum Protein composition,Genetic analysis 0153 brasilense,India 0185 Protein synthesis,Temperatures, Nitrogen fixation,Azotobacter 0178 Effect 0034 Nitrogen fixationEnterobacter Puccinia penniseti,Control,Vitvax 0316 cloaceae,China 0190 Pyricularia penniseti,Grovth:Spor Nitrogen fixation 0186 ulation 0314 Nitrogen metabolism,Temperatures, Quantitative traits,Genetic varia Effect 0065 tion 0154 Nitrogen uptake,Genetic variation 0222 Quantitative traitsIuheritance, Nitrogenase activity,Estimation, Gene in,.eraction,Role 0099 Assays 0187 Quantitative traits,Water stress,

314 Effect,Genetic analysis,Theses 0147 Seed treatment,(with)Metalaxyl, 0327 Reciprocal recurrent selection, Effect 0023 (for)Grain yield 0093 Seed collection,South Africa 0299 Reproduction 0063 Seed drills,Design Reproductive phases 0063 Seed germination,Azotobacter,Inoc Research,ICRISAT 0012 ulation,Effect 0178 0026 Research,ICRISAT/Burkina Faso 0006 Seed germination,OxygenEffect 0010 Seed gerwination,Temperaturea,Effect 0041 Research,lCRISAT/Ethiopia 0010 0042 Research,iCRISAT/alIi 0010 Seed germination:Seedling euiergence, Research,ICRiSAT/Niger 0007 AcetonesEffect 0029 0010 Seed germination:Seedling emergence, ResearchICRISAT/Nigeria 0010 Dichloromathane,Effect 0029 ResearchICRISAT/Senegal 0010 Seed germination:Seedling emergence, ResearchICRISAT/South Africa 0010 Ethanol,Effect 0029 ResearchICRISAT/Sudan 0010 Seed germination:Seedling emergence, ResearchICRISAT/Tanzania 0010 Ether,Effect 0029 ResearchINTSORMIL 0017 Seed germination:Seedling emergence, ResearchIndia 0013 Water,Effect 0029 0021 Seed germination:Seedling emergence, Resenrch,India/Maharashtra 0014 Xylenes,Effect 0029 Research,Kenya 0016 Seed production 0379 Research,Nigeria 0020 Seed quality,Nitrogen fertilizers, Response,(to)Water stress,Research, Effect 0208 ICRISAT 0262 Seed quality,Spikelets/Removal, Rhizosphere,Azospirillum,Nitrogen Effect 0208 fixation 0182 Seed quality,Tiller/Removal,Effect 0208 Rodent control,Brodifacoum 0367 Seed weight,Genetic control 0116 Root cation exchange capacity, Seedborne fungi,Control,Hot water (for)Potassium 0060 treatment 0306 Root distribution,Tillage,Effect, Seedling emergence,Seed treatment, India/Rajasthan 0220 (with)Metalaxyl,Effect 0327 Root distribution:Soil profiles: Seedlings,Chemical composition, Water balance,Relationship,Alfis- Seeds/Presoaking,(with)GA,Effect 0045 ols:Vertisols 0194 Seedlings,Roots,Ristochemistry 0056 RootsAdsorption,Isotherm,(for) Seedlings,Roots,Tissues,Chemical Potassium 0060 composition 0056 Roots,Fungi 0303 Seedlings,Shoota,Histochemistry 0056 Roots,Glomus mosseae,Formation 0183 Seedlings,Sboots,Tissues,Chemical Roots,Growth,Intercropping,Effect, composition 0056 India 0259 Seedlings,Starch/Accumulation 0083 Roots,Growth,Measurement,Gamma Seeds,Hardness 0376 radiation 0067 Seeds,Infestation,Drechslera seta Roots,Photosynthates,Translocation 0066 riae,India/Karnataka 0307 Salt tolerance 0039 Seeds,Infestation,Sitophilus zeamais 0332 ScientisLsDirectories 0008 Seeds,Infestation,Tribolium casta Sclerospora graminicola,Control, neum, 0332 Fungicides 0320 Seeds,Ultrastructure 0162 Sclerospora graminicola,Control 0322 Seeds,Viability,Seed storage,Effect 0380 Sclerospora graminicola,Epidemiology 0318 Silage,Chemical composition,Brazil 0384 Sclerospora graminicula,Heterotha- Silage,Digestibility,Additives, lism 0325 EffectBrazil 0385 Sclerospora graminicola,Seedborne Silage,Yields,Brazil 0384 infection 0321 Silage quality,Additives,Effect, Sclerospora graminicola,Sporangia, Brazil 0384 Epidemiology 0328 Soil management,Semiarid zones, Sclerospora graminicola,Spores, Review articles 0174 Infect~vity:Viability,(in)Soils 0326 Soil moisture,Evaluation,(by)Water Sclerospora graminicola/Incidence, balance 0167

315 Soil moisture,Mulches,Effect,India/ aneum,Olfactory organs,Response 0359 Rajasthan 0170 Water relations Spores,Regenerative 0046 ability,(in) Water stress,Osmotic adaptation, Culture media 0032 Evaluation 0047 Starch,Size determination,(by)Alpha- 0050 amylase 0369 Water use efficiency,India/Gujarat Stems,Tissues,Physiological 0193 varia- Water use efficiency 0040 tion 2 0058 Weed control, ,4-D,India/Maharashtra 0298 Stomatal movement,Leaf water pote- Weed control,(by)Cultivation,India/ ntial,Effect 0048 Rajasthan 0203 Stomatal movement,Water stress, Weed control,Atrazine,India/Mahar Effect 0048 ashtra 0298 Storage,Cameroon 0415 Weed control,Glyphoaate:Paraquat, Straw,Estimation,India 0406 Nigeria 0293 Tetraploids,Chromosome pairing, Weed control,Research,India 0290 (during)Meiosis 0141 Weed control 0295 TetraploidsFertility 0141 Weeds,Review articles Tetraploids/Progeny,Aneuploitly 0289 0075 Yield losses,(due to)Diatraea gra Tetraploids/Progeny,Diploids 0075 ndiosella,Infestation/Timing,Effect Tissue culture,Embryonic 0354 developm- Yield losses,(due to)Diatraea gra net(Somatic) 0156 ndiosella,Planting date,Effect Tolyposporium 0354 penicillariae,Chemi- Yield losses,(due to)Heliothis cal control 0304 armigera Trianthema 0353 monogyna,Control,2,4-D 0297 Yield losses,(due to)Sclerospora Trianthema monogyna,Control,Atrazine 0297 graminicola/Incidence 0324 Tribolium castaneum,Larvae,Develo- Yields,(under)Agroforestry system 0258 pment,Relative humidity,Effect 0358 Yields,Agronomic practices 0216 Tribolium castaneum,Larvae,Develo- Yields,Azospirillum,Inoculation, pment,Temperatures,Effect 0358 Effect Trisomics,Cbromosome 0180 number 0119 Yields,Calcium carbonate,Effect, 0120 0152 Theses Trisomics,Cytology 0233 0120 Yields,Celosia argentea,Effect 0294 0152 Yields,Cropping systems,Effect,India Trisomics,Fertility 0251 0152 0252 Trisomics,Morphology 0152 Yields,Cultivation,Effect,India/ Trisomics 0155 Rajasthan 0203 Trisomy,(effect on)Meiosis 0121 Yields,Cultivation,Technology 0216 Trisomy,Cytology 0119 Yields,Drought,Effect,Arid regions, Trypsin inhibitors,Isolation 0035 India Varieties,Acigona 0166 ignefusalis/Res- Yields,Drought tolerance,Effect istance,Evaluation,Mali 0040 0351 Yields,Farmyard manure,Effect,India Varieties,Adaptation,Trials 0241 0105 Yields,Farmyard manure,Effect,Tbeses 0233 Varieties,Forage,Nutritive value 0391 Yields,Harvesting/Timing,Effect VarietiesForege,Yields 0211 0391 Yields,Improvement,Dry farming, Varieties,Male sterility,Nigeria 0070 TechnologyIndia 0281 Varieties,Nutritive value 0371 Yields,Mulches,Effect,India/Rajas Varieties,Sclerospora graminicola, than Pathogenicity 0170 0329 Yields,Nitrogen-phospborus fertil Varieties(Sweet stalk),Evaluation 0142 izers,Effect,(in)Vertisols,Review Variety trails,Sudan 0069 articles 0168 Variety trialsClaviceps microcep- Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, hala/Resistance,MalA 0311 (under)Dry farming 0217 Variety trials,Fungal diseases/ Yields,Nitrogen uptake,Effect 0222 Resistance 0310 Yields,Phosphorus fertilizers,Eff Variety trials,Sclerospora gramin- ect,Theses 0233 icola/Resistance,Mali 0311 Yields,Phobphorus potassium ferti Variety trialsTolyposporium peni- lizers,Effect,(in)Podzolic soils 0243 cillariae/Resistance,Mali 0311 zields,Plant density,Effect,(under) Volatile compounds,Tribolium cast- Dry farming 0217

316 Yields,Potassium fertilizers,Effect, Sequential cropping,Water/Loss, (in)Sandy soils,Senegal 0240 (from)Soils,Senegal 0278 Yields,Spline water/Sprinkler irr- Yields,(under)Rotations 0179 igatior fect P1191 Yields,Light,Effect,(under)Interc- Yields,Saline water/Surface irrig- ropping,ICRISAT atiou,Effect 0282 0191 Pennisetum americanum:Legumes, Yields,Slow release fertilizers, Grain yield,Spacing,Effect,(under) Effect 0243 IntercroppingTanzania Yields,Soil fertility/Management, 0277 Intercropping,(for)Weed control Effect,India 0271 0241 Yields,Cropping systems,Evaluation, Yields,Sowing date,Effect,India 0251 India 0257 0252 Yields,Phosphorus Yields,Sowing methods,Effect,(under) residual effect, (under)Rotations,Tracer studies 0231 Dry farming,India 0215 Yields,Spacing,Effect,(under)Inte Yields,Spacing,Effect,(under)Dry rcropping farming 0254 0217 Pennisetum americanum:Mung bean, Yields,Stability,Genetic control 0116 Cropping systems 0280 Yields,Tillage,Effect,(under)Dry Intercropping,1ndia farming,India 0251 0215 0252 Yields,Water stress,Effect 0040 Pennicetum americanum:Mung bean:Wheat, 0273 Farmyard manure:NPK fertilizers, Yields,Water use efficiency,Effect 0165 Comparib-n,(under)Sequential cro Yields,Zinc fertilizers,Effect, pping,IncU:/Rajasthan Theses 0235 0233 Pennisetum amerit.rnum:Peganum harmala, Yields,Zinc fertilizers,Effect 0247 Allelopathy Pennisetum 0296 americanum:Bothriochloa Pennisetum americanum:Pennisetum pertusa, orientale, Allelopathy,Pakistan 0292 Germplasm,Transfer 0104 Allelopathy 0291 Interspecific hybridization Pennisetum 0104 americanum:Celosia argen- Pennisetum americanum:Pennisetum tea, purpureum, Allelopathy 0294 Interspecific hybridization,Pakistan Pennisetum 0111 americanum:Cenchrus cili- Pennisetum americanum:Pennisetum aria, squamulatum, Allelopathy,Pakistan 0292 Pennisetum americanum:Chickpeas, Germplasm,Transformations 0091 Pennisetum americanum:Phaseolus aur Zinc,Translocation,Cropping systems, eus, Effect 0228 Yields,Intercropping:Planting Pennisetu- americanum:Cowpeas, date, Effect,Tanzania 0268 Intercropping,Mali 0260 Rotatios,Vter requirements,Trop- 0269 Pennisetum americanum:Pigeon peas, ical Africa 0207 Yields,Planting methods,Effect, Yields,Rotations,Effect,Semiarid (under)Intercropping zones,Burkina 0255 Faso 0287 Pennisetum americanum:Sorghum, Pennisetum americanum:Cowpeas:Wheat, Hybrids,Yields,Comparison,USA/ansas 0199 Nutrient balance,(in)Soils,(under) Pennisetum americanum:Soybeans, Rotations 0172 Dry matter,Digestibility,Intercro Pennisetum americanum:Green gram, pping,Effect,Theses 0263 Intercropping,Erysiphae polygoni, Grain yield,Sowing Severity date,Effect, 0264 (under)IntercroppingTanzriia 0275 Pennisetum americanum:Groundnuts, Intercropping Mixed 0265 c 'opping,Nitrogen fixation 0179 Protein composition,Intercropping, Mixed cropping,Nodulation 0179 Effect,Theses Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect,(under) 0263 Varieties,Cropping systems,Intera Intercropping,Researpch,ICRISAT 0262 ction Roots,Growth,(under)Intercrupping, 0265 Yields,Intercropping Effect,Theses India 0263 0259 Yields,Planting metbods,Effect, Sequential cropping,Minerals/Less, (under)Intercropping,Theses (from)Soils,Senegal 0263 0278 YieldsSowing rates,Effect,(under)

317 Intercrepping,Theses 0263 Pasture managementPhilippines Yields;Spacing,Effect,(under)Inte- 0669 Phakospora apoda,South Africa 0745 rcropping,Theset 0263 Poisoning,Spodoptera exempts 0738 Pennisetum americanum:Trichodesma Seed longevity,(in)Rumen,Steers 0682 sedgwickianum, Seedling emergence,Water availabi Allelopathy 0288 lity,Effect,Australia 0728 Pennisetum americanum:Wheat, Water stress 0760 NPK fertilizers,Effect,(under)Rot- Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, ations 0239 (during)Autumn 0759 Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, Pennisetum divisum, Effect,(under)Sequential cropping 0249 Apomixis 0750 Yields,(under)Intercropping 0258 Pennisetum flaccidum, YieldsFarmyard manure:Nitrogen Establishment:Management 0741 fertilizers,Effect,(under)Rotations 0242 Hay,(as)Roughage,Cattle 0766 Yields,NPK fertilizers,Effect, Pennisetum macrourum, (under)Rotations,India/Haryana 0245 Germination,Salinity,Effect,Austr Yields,Nitrogen fertilizersEffect, alia 0747 (under)Rotations,India/Haryana 0284 Pennisetum mollissimtim, Yields,Phosphorus fertilizers,Eff- Seedlings,Starch/Accumulation 0083 ect,(under)Rotations,India 0250 Pennisetum mollissimum x Pennisetum Yields,Plant density,Effect,(under) americanum see, Rotations,India/Haryana 0284 Pennisetum amerlicanum x Pennisetum Yields,Planting date,Effect,(under) mollissium Rotations,lndia/Haryana 0284 Pennisetum orientakz, Pennisetum americanum(Male sterile), Establishment:Management Hybrids,Performance 0741 testing 0137 Bay,(as)RoughageCattle 0766 Hybrids,Sclerospora graminicola/ Pennisetum orientale:Pennisetum ame Resistance,Evaluation 0137 ricanum, Hybrids,Seed production 0160 Germplasm,Transfer 0104 Induced mutations,Sclerospora gra- Interspecific hybridization 0104 minicola/Resistance 0317 Pennisetum pedicellatum, Male fertility/Restoration,Genetics, Biotypes,Karyology 0742 Theses 0148 Cultivation,India/West Bengal 0757 Pennisetum americanum x Pennisetum Research,IndiaReview articles 0758 mollinsimum, Varieties,Forage,Yields,India/Bihar 0765 Fl bybrids,Starcb/Accumulation, Pennisetum polystachyon, Genetic analysis 0083 Ecology,Sri Lanka 0731 Pennisetum americanum x Pennisetum 0764 squamulatum, Germination,Environmental factors, Hybrids,Genctic analysis 0091 Effect,Sri Lanka 0763 Pennisetum americanum x Sorghum, Growth,Nutrients,Effect,Sri Lanka 0732 Pollen germination 0144 Growth,Plant density,Effect,Sri Pennisetum clandestinum, Lanka 0732 Cultivation,Australia 0761 Growth,Soil moisture,Effect,Sri Cultivation,USA/California 0777 Lanka 0732 Feeds,Cattle 0739 Pennisetum purpureum, Forage,Chemical composition:Diges- (as)Organic matter in soil 0749 tibility:;nergy content,Relation- (for)Soil fertility,Improvement 0749 ship 0698 Bibliographies 0740 Forage,Nitrogen fixation 0729 Chemical composition:YieldsPlant GerminationSoil water potential, densityEffect,Egypt 0768 Effect,Australia 0726 Consumption:Digestibility,Lambs, Germination,Temperatures,Effect, Africa,Tbeses 0734 Australia 0728 Crop residues,Feeds,Goats,Brazil 0751 Leaves,Anatomy:Forage/QualityRel- Cultivars,Seasonal growth,Comparison 0762 ationship 0681 Cultivation,Tropics 0746 Nitrogen cycle,Trampling,Effect 0755 Cultural methods,Effect,Egypt,Theses 0733 Nutritive value,Climatic factors, Dry matter,in vitro digestibility, Effect 0752 Cutting frequency:Cliatic factors,

318 Effect ,Japan 9 A i a m nu e :P 0693 HybridsGrasl nt denseni~~fet04ity establisment.:Y.elds,,Effect a t r a 0743 ,Aninal manures:ln Dry matter,Yieldh 0754 Hybrids,Nitrogen-fixiung bacteria, Fertiliers,Effect articles 0176 Ferttleriedcttg InoculationReview HybridsNutritive valueCattle 0756 matterYieldsCutting frequency: 0693 Dry Hybrids,Path coefficients 0773 Climatic factorsEffectJapan 0694 Hybrids,Silage,Chemical composition, Foliage,Feed preferences,Goats, 0748 Additives ,Effect 0171 Indonesia eferencesSheep, Hybrids,Silage,Chemical composition 7 osia pr0748 InoculumEffect Indonesia composition:Diges Hybrids,Silage qualityCutting Forage,Chemical contentRelation date,Effect ,Cuba 0744 tibility:Energy 0698 Pennisetum purpureuz x Pennisetum Foragesiln vitro digestibility,Buf- 0715 0736 Intercropping e lo fao1en0tm dorages Foragesln vitro digestibilitY,Cattle 0736 PennisetUm see also, ForageMo isture content ,Conservat- Pennisetum americauum

Faso,Theses 0709 Pennisetum clandestinum ion methodesBurkina 0712 Pennisetum divisum Forsge,Rabbit feeding,Tropics Pennisetum flaccidum ,Yields,(under)Mixed Hybrids,Forage 0703 Pennisetu macrourum cropping ,india/Kerala Pennisetum mollissimum orientale Inflorescences,Tissues,(for)Embry- media 0776 Pennisetum ogenesis(Somatic),(in)Culture 0725 Pennisetum pedicellatum Nitrogen assimilation,Enzymes Pennisetum polystachyon Nitrogen fertilizers,Requirements' 0676 Pennisetum purpureum (in)Peat soils,Malaysia 0669 Pennisetum setaceum Pasture management,Philippines squau, atu075 ,Egypt, Pennisetum Response,(to)Fertilizers 0730 Pennisetum setaceum, 0750 Theses 0735 Apomixis value,Sheep Silage,Nutritive Pennisetum squamulatumrennisetum quality:Nutritive value, Silage 0775 amer icanum, 0091 Additives,Effect ,Brazil Germplasm,Transformations 0753 x Pennisetum YieldsIrrigation,Effect Pennisetum squamulatum fertilizers,Effect 0772 Yields,Nitrogen 0753 americanum see, slurry,Effect americanum x Pennisetum Yields,Pig ame- Pennisetum Pennisetumi purpureum:Pefnisetum squamulatum see, ricanum, 0111 Pennisetum typhoides Interspecific bybridization,Pakistan americanum popinac, Pennisetum Pennisetum purpureum:White testing, 0769 Performance 0135 Yieds,(under)In tercropping americanum, Australia;PennisetumGenotypes, Pennisetum purpureum X Pennisetum humidicolaForage, 0684 americanum, BraziBrachiaria 0684 Hybrids,Cell wall components,Matu- maximum,Forage, 0767 Brazil;Panicum ,Forage, 0684 rity,Effect Brazil;Setaria sphacelata americanum,Hybrids, 0150 Hybrids,Forage/Quality,Maturity, 0767 India;Pennisetum India/Andhra Pradesh;Eleusine cor Effect 0484 acana,High yielding varieties, 0744 0483 Effect,Cuba India/Himachal Pradesh;Eleusine 08 Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum coracafla, etie scr icanuls,upru India/Madhya Pradesh;Paspalum amer varieties, 0620 Hybrids,Boron yielding 0696 obiculatum,High amer (in)Sodic soilsuptakeGypsumEffect India/Maharashtra;Penn0se8um analysis 0773 0088 Hybrids,Correlation 0773 icanum,Cultivars, 0488 Nepal;Eleusine coracana,Varieties, date, 0636 Hybrids,Establishment,Cutting 0770 Performance testing; Effect Ec0inocloa crus-gai,636 value,TbesEs 0737 coracana, Hybridu,Feeds,Nutritive 0774 Eleusine value sterile) Hybrids,Forage,Nutritive 0773 Pennisetum americinum(Male Hybrids,Forage,Yields

319 ,Hybrids, 0137 Setaria italica, Echinochloa colv-.mViruses 0636 EchinochVorcrus-gaulLeaf 0670 Pe r fo rm an c e te s t in g see a ls o , ra t u r e :l ea rp l:eia Tratempen. .0 6 Variety trials rature:Leaf Peroxidase:Catalase, water potential:Tran Insecticides,Effect;Eleusine spirationMeteorological cora- Effect,(in)Flooded factors, cana, Paspalum conjugatum,Viruse,land, 0449 0474 Pennisetum 0670 Peroxidase:O-Diphenol oxidase, clandestinumPasture Growth regulators,Effect,(during) management, Pennisetum 0669 Senescence;Eleusine coracana,Lea- purpureum,Pasture gement, mana yes, 0669 Pest control; 0475 Phoma, Millets, Species,Control,Fungicides,Indie/ 0342 Madhya Pradesh;Setaria Pest control see also, italics, 0651 Biological control Phosphamidon India/Madhya Pradesb;Paspalum scr- Rodent control Stored products pest obiculatum,Atherigona simplex, control Control, Pests,Se d 0624 PhoSphate fertilizers Bibliographies;Millets, Phosphorus fertilizers see, 0348 Pests see also, Phosphatides see, Phospholipids InsectStored productspests pests Phospholipids, Phospholipids Stoeed pH see also,p so pTemperatures,Effect;Panicum,Leaves, Soil pH Phosphorus, 0899 Phakospora apoda, (in)Rock phosphate,Brazil;Brachia ria decumbens, South Africa;Pennisetum 0796 num, clandesti- Phosphorus:Zinc, 0745 Phenolic acids:Forage/Quality, Uptake,Calcium carbonate,Effect, Relationship;DigitariaSpecies, Theses;Pennisetum americanum, 0804 0233 Phenols/Colour, Uptake,Farmyard manure,Effect,The- Reaction,Genetic ses;Pennisetum analysis;Setaria americanum, 0233 italica,Phenotypes, Uptake,Phosphorus fertilizers,Eff- ReactionGeographical 0634 ect,Theses;Pennisetum distribution; americsnum, 0233 Setaria italica,Phenotypes, Uptake,Zinc fertilizers,Effect, 0634 Phenotypes, Theses;Pennisetum americanum, Phosphorus 0233 l lgenaseActivity; fertilizers, Pennisetum americanum, Alternative,Colombia;Brachiaria 0078 Phenols/Colour,ReactionGenetic decumbens,Grass establishment, Effect,(in)Grassland 0788 analysis;Setaria italica, soils,Nigeria; Phenols/Colour,Reaction,Geographi_ 0634 Panicum maximum,Yields, cal Effect,(on)OxisolsColombia;Brach_ 0856 distribution;Setaria italics, Structural 0634 iaria decumbens,Yields, genes,MutationsEffect; 0783 Pennisetum americanum, Effect,(under)Intercroppinglndia/ 0078 Karnataka,Theses;Eleusine Variability,Mali;Pennisetum coracana: canvm, ameri- Lucerne,Growth:YieldsPlanting Variability,Senegal;Pennisetum 0205 methodG, americanum, Effect,(under)Rotationslndia;Pen_ 0524 0205 nisetum americanum:Wheat,Yields, 0250 PhenotypicPhenotyps seablo, stability Effect,Brazil;BrachieriaForage,Yields, decumbens, Phenotypic 0796 Biochemicalstability, genetics;Pennisetum Effect,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, Phosphorus:Zinc,Uptake, americanum, 0101 Effect,Theses;Pennisetum 0233 India;Eleusine coracana,Varieties americanum, Yields, Yields, 0507 0233 Effect;Brachiaria decumbens,Dry Philippines;matterYields, 0780 Bracbiaria muticaPasture managem- Effect;Brachiaria Digitaris sanguinalis,Viruses, 0669 res, decumbens,Pastu 0670 Effect;Eleusine coracana,Phosphorus 0779

320 uptake, 0514 Photosynthesis:Growth, Effect;Panicum maximum,Growth, 0879 Relative humidity,Effect;Panicum Effect;Panicum virgatum,Yields, 0914 milioides, 0925 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Grain Photosynthesis:Plant height:Light yield, 0227 distribution, Requirement,Soil moistureEffect, Chlormequat:GA,Effect;Digitaria India/Earyana;Pennisetum america- decumbens, 0697 num, 0225 Chlormequi .GA,Effect;Setaria sph Phosphorus fertilizers:Planting met- acelata, 0697 hods, Photosynthesis see also, Effect,(under)Intercropping,India/ Photosynthetic pathway Karnataka,Theses;Eleusine coracana: Photosynthetic pathway; Soybean,Growth:Yields, 0524 Setaria italica, 0628 Phosphorus fertilizers see also, 0630 Dicalcium phosphate Phylogenetic relationship; Rock phosphate Coix lachryma-jobi:Maize, 0426 Phosphorus potassium fertilizers, Physical properties see, Effect,(in)Podzolic soils;Pennise- Chemico-physical properties tum americanum,Yields, 0243 Physico-chemical properties see, Phosphorus residual effect, Chemico-physical properties (under)Rotations,Tracer studies; Physiological functions, Pennisetum americanum:Legumes, Simetryne,Effect;Echinochloa crus Yields, 0231 galliChloroplasts, 0440 India;Pennisetum americanum,Dry Physiological variation; matter,Yields, 0232 Pennisetum americanum,StemsTissues, 0058 Phosphorus uptake, Physiology:Growth, Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect;Ele- Te.,eratures,Effect,Tbeses;Paspalum usine coracana, 0514 dilatatum, 0954 Photoperiod, Physiology see also, Effect;Panicum maximumDevelopment: Nutrient uptake Growth, 0890 Phytochromes, Photorespiration; AnaestheticsEffect;Setaria faberi, Panicum milioides, 0870 Seeds, 0991 Photosynthates, Phytotoxicity, Translocation;Panicum coloratum, Comparison;Echinochloa crus-galli, Roots, 0066 Alachlor:Metolachlor, 0446 Translocation;Paspalum notatum, Phytotoxicity; Roots, 0066 Paspalum notatumHerbicides, 0956 Translocation;Pennisetum americanum, Pennisetum americanumHerbicides, 0028 Roots, 0066 0054 Photosynthates/Partitioning, Pig slurry, Circadian rhythmEffect;Digitaria Effect;Pennisetlim purpureumYields, 0753 decumbensLeaves, 0801 Pigs; Photosynthesis, Eleusine coracanaFeedsNutritive CoolingEffectUSSR;Panicum milia- value, 0547 ceum, 0568 Pennisetum americanumFeeds, 0386 EnzymesRole;Panicum milioides, 0870 Pistil see, Inhibition,(by)Benzadox;Panicum Gynoecium miliaceum, 0565 Plant density, 0566 Effect,(under)Dry farming;Pennise Rate;Coix lachryma-jobiLeaves, 0423 tum americanumYields, 0217 Rate;Echinochloa oryzicolaLeaves, 0423 Effect,(under)RotationsIndia/Har Savannas;Digitaria eriantha, 0678 yana;Pennisetum americanum:Wheat, Savannas;Panicum maximum, 0678 Yields, 0284 Photosynthesis; EffectEgypt;Pennisetum purpureum, Millets, 0033 Chemical couiposition:Yields, 0768 Panicum milioides, 0857 EffectSri Lanka;Pennisetum polys 0871 tachyonGrowth, 0732 Setaria italica, 0632 Effect;Pennisetum americanumHybr

321 ids,Nitrogen uptake, 0197 Phosphorus Effect;Penniaetum fertilizers,Effect, americanum,Hybr- (under)Intercropping,India/arna ids,Yields, 0197 taka,Theses;Eleusine coracana: 0200 Lucerne,Growth:Yields, Effect;Pennisetum purpureum x 0524 Pen- Planting metbods:Phosphorus fertili- nisetum americanum,Hybrids,Grass zers, establishment:Yields, 0743 Plant Effect,(under)IntercroppingIndia/ growth substances see, Karnataka,Theses;Eleusine Growth coracana: regulators Soybean,Growth:Yields, Plu,. height, 0524 Planting see also, Air temperature:PrecipitationEff- Grass establishment ect,USSR;PaLicum miliaceum, 0577 Sowing Genetics;Pennisetum americanum, Plaster of paris Genotypes, see, 0118 Gypsum Plant height:Grain yield, Plastids, Relationship,Path Paspalum coefficients; Development,Anaerobiosis;Echinoch scrobiculatum,Maturity los crus-galli,Seedlings, groups, 0447 Plant 0621 Plastids; height:Light distribution:Pho- Panicum,Leaves, tosynthesis, 0892 Pneumatic fertilizer Chlormequat:GA,Effect;Digitaria distributors see, Fertilizer distributors decumbens, 0697 Chlormequat:GA,Effect;Setaria Podzolic.soils; sph- Pennisetum americanum,Yields,Phos acelata, 0697 phorus Plant height:Yields, potassium fertilizers,Eff ect, 0243 Relationship,USSR;Panicum miliaceum, Plant 0577 Poisoning, hormones see, Spodoptera Growth exempta;Pennisetum cla regulators ndestinum, Plant 0738 population see, Poisoning/Oxalates, Plant density (in)CattleBrazil;Setaria Plant anceps, rhabdoviruses, Feeds, horphology,USSR;Millets, 0988 Planters, 0338 Poland; Panicum miliaceum,Taxonomy, Botowana;Millets, 0556 Planting 0301 Pollen, date, Morphology;Panicum Effect,(under)RotationsIndia/Har- miliaceum, 0564 Morphology;Setaria,Species, 0564 yana;Pennisetum americanum:Wheat, Yields, Pollen:Ovules, 0284 Ratio,Changes,(during)Domestication; Effect,India/Uttar Pradesh;Pennis- Eleusine,Species, 0850 etum americanum,Hybrids,Yields, 0213 Effect;Pennisetum Pollen germination, americanum,Yield (on)Pennisetum americinum,Gynoecium; losses,(due to)Diatraea grandios- Sorghum, 0144 ella, 0354 Planting date:Combustion, Pollen germination; Pennisetum americanum x Sorghum, 0144 Effect;Panicum maximum,Forage,Yie- Pollen lds, tubes, 0898 Growth,Polysaccharides,Characteri Planting date:intercropping, zation;Pennisetum Effect,Tanzania;Pennisetum americanum, 0051 americ- Pollen viability; anum:Phaseolus aureus,Yields, 0268 Paapalum,Diploids:Tetraploids, 0952 Planting 0269 Polypeptides, date see also, Composition;Digitaria Sowing sanguinalis, date Chloroplasts, Planting 0559 methods, Composition;Panicum Effect,(under)IntercroppingTheses; miliaceum,Chl oroplasts, 0559 Pennisetum americanum:Soybeans, Polyphenol Yields, oxidase see, 0263 O-Diphenol oxidase Effect,(under)Intercropping;Penni- Polyploids; setum americanum:Pigeon peasYie- Panicum virgatum,Cultivars, 0906 lds, 0255

322 0236 polyploids see also, (from)Alluvial oils;Pennietum potassium uptake; Tetraploids 0248 polysaccharides, Ptasum ake; 0051 Poultry; P t americanum, CharacterizationuPennisetumcanum,Pollenl tubes,Growth, ,Polchrdes , , Panicum miliaceum,Feeds,Nutrient polysaccharides; 0659 contents:Nutritive value, 0607 miliaceum,Feeds,Nutritive Setaria italicaVarieties Panicum see also, value,0608 Polysaccharides 0609 Lignin Mucilages Pennisetum americanum,Feeds, 0387 Starch see, Pennisetumwu,08 americanumNutritive Polysomics 063 value, 0663 Aneuploidy Setaria italicaFeeds, Populations, temperature, ame- Precipitation:Air Improvement,Theses;Pennisetum miliaceum,Plant 0161 Effect,USSR;Panicum ricanum,Breeding, 0577 crus- height, Morphology,Japan;Echinochloa 0435 Precipitation see also, galli, Rain Recurrent selection,ICRISAT;Penni- 0071 Presoaking/Seeds, americanum, setum (with)GA,Effect;Pennisetum americ Populations:Progeny, anum,Seedlings,Chemical composit cbaracteristics,Compari- 0045 Agronomic ion, americanum, 0092 son;Pennisetum Price policy, Yield componento,Comparison;Penni- 0405 0092 Nepal;PenniEetum americanum, americanum, setum Prices; systems; 0403 Postharvest Millets, Pennisetum americanum,Uybrids,Seeds, 0381 Primagram; 0452 Handli.ng, Digitaria ischaemum,Control, 0452 Potassium; sanguinalis,Control, cation Digitaria Pennisetum americanum,Root 0452 0060 Echinochloa crus-galli,Control, capacity, 0452 exchange Panicum capillare,Control, americanum,Roots,Adsor- 0452 Pennisetum Panicum dichotowiflorum,Control, 0060 0452 ption,lsotherm, Setaria glauca,Control, chloride; 0452 Potassium Setaria verticillata,Control, 0452 Panicum maximum,Germination,(effect 0896 Setaria viridis,Control of)Seed treatment,of)Sed teatmntProcessing, 'r0s77 Potassium content, americanum, 0377 coloratum, Kenya;Pennisetum Winter,Effect;Panicum TechnologyEvaluation,Nigeria;Pen 0691 0378 Forage, nisetum americanum, Winter,Effrct;Paspalum plicatulum, 0691 Proce'ising:Uses, 0396 Forage, Nigeria;Pennisetum americanum, fertilizers, Potassium Processing see also, Effect,(in)Sandy soils,Senegal; 0240 Brewing Pennisetum americanum,Yields, americanum, 0230 Cooking Requirement;Pennisetum Cooling fertilizers:Liming:Magnes- Potassium Cutting ium fertilizers, Decortication Effect,(in)Acid soils;Eleusine 0515 Fermentation coracana,Yields, Freezing fertilizers:Soil types: Potassium Heat treatment Magnesium/Uptake:Liming:Magnesium Presoaking fertilizers, Reconstitution coracana, 0516 Effect;Eleusine Production, fertilizers see also, 0412 Potassium Burkina Faso;Pennisetum americanum, chloride 0409 Potassium Ivory Coast;Pennisetum americanum, nephthenate 0410 Potassium Senegal;Pennisetum americanum, Potassium nephthenate, americanum, 0411 yield, 0644 Togo;Pennisetum Effect;Setaria italica,Grain Potassium uptake,

323 Production cost, (/ Proteins:Nucleic acids, Theses;Eleusine Localization;Pennisetum Progeny:Populations,coracana, americanum, AronoucharacterisLocalization;Setaria0508 Anthers,Tissues, 0062 Agronomic characteristicscompari_ italicaAnth- ers,Tissues, son;Pennisetum americanum, 0092 Proteins:Pyrophosphatases:Acid 0062 Yield co2oonents,Comparison;Pennih phos Progeny/Tetraploids,serum americannm, phatase, 0092 Watercana,Seedlings, stress,Effect;Eleusine cora- Aneuploidy;Pennisetum americanum, 0471 0075 Proteins see Diploids;Pennisetum americanum, also, Propanil; 0075 Chlorophyll Eleusine Leaf protein coracana,Weed control, ?roco millet see, 0531 Phytochromes Panicum miliaceum Polypeptides Protease inhibitors; Pseudomonas rubrilineans, Echinochlos colonum, Mali;Pennisetum americanum,Infest 0036 ation, Eleusine coracana, 0312 Panicum miliaceum, 0036 Puccinia penniseti, Panicum 0036 ControlVitvax;Pennisetum miliare, america 0036 hum, 0316 Paspalum scrobiculatum, 0036 Puccinia PennisetumSetaria italics, americanum, substriata/Resistonce; 00360036 Pennisetum americanum,Interspecific Protease hybridization, inhibitors see also, 0315 Trypsin inhibitors Puerto Rico; Protein composition Panicum maximumForage,YieldsCut ting frequencyEffect, Comparison;Digitaria sanguinalis, 0919 Leaves,Bundle sheath:Mesophyll, Punch planting, Electrophoresis;Coix 0823 (fcr)r-rass establishment;Eragrostis lachryma-jobi, 0424 Gene expression;Digitaria curvula, sanguin- (for)Grass 0690 alis,Leaves,Bundle sheath:esoph- establishment;Panicum yll, coloratum, Genetic 0823 0690 analysis;Penninetum ameri- Pure lines, canum, Cultivation,India/Bihar;Panicum 0153 Hydrolysis,Theses;Setaria miliaceum, Improvement;Pennisetum italics, 0656 0578 americanum, Pyricularia grisea, Breeding methods, Control,(by)Seed treatment,(with) Intercropping,EffectTheses;Penni_ 0090 Panoctine,Ilndia/Karnataka;Eeusine setum ainericanum:Soybeans, coracana, Protein composition; 0263 Control,Captafol:Edifenphoslndia/ 0537 Pennisetum Karnataka;Eleusine americanum,Combining coracana, 0540 ability, Theses;Eleusine coracana,Yield 0153 losses, Setaria italica,Seeds, 0538 0655 ProteinSetaria italicaVarieties, Pyricularia grisea; composition:Yield components, 0660 Eleusine coracana,Yield Genetic Pyricularia losses, 0539 variation,Path coefficients; grisea/Incidence, Pennisetum Effect,Theses;Eleusine americanumInbred lines, coracana, Protein 0143 Yields, composition:Yields, 0538 Lime(Mineral):Nitrogen Pyricularia fertilizers, grisea/Resistance; Effect;Panicum maximum, Pennisetum americanum,Interspecific Protein content 0873 hybridization, see, 0315 Protein composition Pyricularia grisea/Susceptibility, Protein synthesis, Temperatures,Effect;Eleusine cora Inhibitors;Setaria cana,Leaves, itelica,Seeds, 0536 Temperatures,Effect;Pennisetum 0655 Pyricularia oryzae/Susceptibility, americanum, TemperaturesEffect;Eleusine ProtinsPyricularia 0034 cana,Leaves, cora- Electrophoresis;Digitaria penniseti. 0536 sanguinalis,Leaves, Growth:Sporulation;Pennimetum 0814 ricanum, ame 0314

324 setariae, types ,Yields ,Nitrogen fertilizer , Pyricularia 0226 Control,Dithane:inosan:Kitazin; Effect, farming; Eleusine coracana, 0541 Rain-fed setariae/Susceptibility; Eleusine coracana,Genotypes,Growth: Pyricularia 0511 Setaria italica,Seedlings, 0649 Yields, see, Pyrophosphatases:Acid phospbatase: Rainfall Rain Prote ins, Rat; Water stress,Effect;Eleusine cora- Eleusine corarana,Husks,Feeds, 0549 cans,Seedlings, 0471 Ratio, Quantitative traits, amer- Changes,(during)Domestication;Ele Genetic variation;Pennisetum 0850 0154 usine,Species,Ovules:Pollen, icanum, selection, environment interaction; Reciprocal recurrent Genotype yield;Pennisetum ameri Pennisetum americanum,Generations, 0098 (for)Grain canum, 0093 InheritanceGene interaction,Role; Pennisetum americanum, 0099 Reclamation, Alkaline soils,India/Uttar Pradesh; Water stress,Effect,Genetic analy- Bracbiaria mutica, 0787 sis,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, 0147 itution; Quantitative truits; Reconst Panicum mii.iaceum,Aspartate amino Pennisetum americanum,Gene inters- transferase, 0557 ct ion, 0154 americanum,Genotypes, Recurrent selection, Pennisetum notatum,Dry matter, Genetic variation, 0115 Effect;Paspalum Yields, 0948 Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,COm- ICRISAT;Pennisetum americanum,Pop bining ability, 0151 ulstions, 0071 Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Gene Yield increases;Paspalum notatum, 0931 interaction, 0151 division see, Quantitative traits:Genetic variation, Reduction India;Eleusine coracana,Mutants, 0485 Meiosis Rabbit feeding, Regeneration, (from)Callus;Panicum miliaceum, 0562 Tropics;Brachisria nitica,Forage, 0712 polystachya, Regeneration see also, Tropics;Echinochloa ability Forage, 0712 Regenerative ability, Tropics;Pennisetum purpureum,Forage, 0712 Regenerative (in)Culture media;Pennisetum amer Radiation energy; icanum,Spores, 0032 Eleus ine coracana ,Evapotranspirat- analysis; ion, 0476 Regression Pennisetum americanum,Genotype Raghuva, environment interaction, 0116 Mali;Pennisetum americanum,Infest- humidity, ation, 0356 Relative Effect;Panicum milioides,Growth: Raghuva albipunctella, 0925 americanum, Photosynthes is, Sahel,Theses;Pennisetum americanum,Trib Inflorescences,Infestation, 0357 Effect;Pennisetum olium castaneum,Larvae,Development, 0358 Raghuva bordati, Sahel ,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, Reproduction; Pennisetum americanum, 0063 Inflorescences,Infestation, 0357 see also, i(aghuva see also, Reproduction Raghuva albipunctella Apomixis Embryogenesis Raghuva bordati Embryonic development Rain, Gametogenesis Effect;Setaria pumila,Control,Her- Reproductive behaviour bicides, 0978 Reproductive phases Rain-fed farming, coracana,Yields, Sporulation India;Eleusine behaviour, Nitrogen fertilizersEffect, 0513 Reproductive Domestication,Effect;Eleusine,Spe India/Maharashtra;Setaria italics, 0470 Grain yield,Nitrogen-phosphorus cies, ;Eleusine cot fertilizers,Effect, 0646 Domestication,Effect acana, 0470 Theses ;Pennisetum amer icanum,Geno-

325 Reproductive behaviour; Panicum maxium,Bybrids(Apomictic), India;Millets, 0908 0005 Reproductive phases; India;Millets,Soil 0015 Pennisetum americanum, and water cons- Research, 0063 ervation, 0173 (at)CERDAT;Pennisetum India;Panicum americanum, miliaceum, 0021 Insect pests,Biological control, 0416 0417 0554 0555 Sabel, India;Panicum miliare, ICRISAT;Pennisetum 0341 0021 americanum, 0416 0417 0611 0612 ICRISAT;Pennisetum 0012 India;Paspalum americanum,Bre- scrobiculatum, 0021 eding, 0416 0417 0617 0618 ICRISAT;Pennisetum 0108 India;Pennisetum americanum,Dro- americanum, 0013 ught resistance, 0030 India;Pennisetum 0021 americanum,Agron- 02 ICRISAT;Pennisetum 0053 omy, americanum,Far- 0202 ming systems, India;Pennisetum americanum,Weed ICRISAT;Pennisetum 0261 control, americanum,mp- 0290 rovement, India;Setaria italica, 0011 0021 ICRISAT;Pennisetum americanum,Re- 0416 0417 0626 India/Madhya 0627 ponse,(tc)Water stress, Pradesh;Pennisetum 0262 americanum,lnsect ICRISAT;Pennisetum americanum:Gro- pests, India/Ma0arasbtra;Pennisetum 0345 undnuts,Nitrogen fertilizers,Eff- ser ect,(under)Intercropping, icanum, 0262 Kenya;Pennisetum 0014 ICRISAT/Burkina Faso;Pennisetum americanum, Mountain 0016 americanum, areas,Nepal;Eleusine cor 0006 acana, 0461 0010 Nepal;Eleusine ICRISAT/Ethiopia;Pennisetum coracana, canum, ameri- 0462 0465 0466 ICRISAT/Mali;Pennisetum 0010 Nigeria;Pennisetum 0467 0469 americanum, americanum, 0020 ICRISAT/Niger;Pennisetum 0010 Nigeria;Pennisetum americanum, americanum,Cro 0007 pping systems, 0274 ICRISAT/Nigeria;Pennisetum 0010 americ- Senegal;MilletsEntomology, anum, Senegal;Pennisetum americanum,mp- 0343 ICRISAT/Nigeria;Pennisetum 0010 rovement, americ- 0095 anum,Breeding, 0096 0097 0133 Research and development ICRISAT/Nigeria;Pennisetum americ- see, anum,Fungal Research diseases, 0309 Research see also, ICRISAT/Senegal;Pennisetum americ- Trials ICRISAT/Senegal;Pennisetumanum, americ- 0010 Residual effects, anum,Improvement, Mali;Pennisetum americanum,Cultiv 0094 etionCowpess, 0106 Resistance/Acigona 0260 ignefusalis, ICRISAT/South Africa;Pennisetum americenum, Evaluation,Mali;Pennisetum ICRISAT/Sudan;Pennisetum 0010 anum,Varieties, americ americanum, 0010 0351 ICRISAT/Sudan;Pennisetum Resistance/Atherigona miliaceae, americanum, India;Panicum Improvement, miliare,Variety tri ICRISAT/Tanzania;Pennisetum 0109 als, ameri- 0616 canum, Resistance/Blissus leucopterus, 0010 Inheritance,USA;Pennisetum INTSORMIL;Pennisetum americanum, americ 0017 anum, IRAT;Millets, 0364 0004 Resistance/Claviceps IndiaReview articles;Pennisetum fusiformis, pedicellatum, Evaluation,India;Pennisetum 0758 canum, ameri India;Echinochloa frumentacea, 0021 EvaluationNigeria;Pennisetum 0335 0416 ame India;Eleusine 0417 0433 0434 ricanum, coracana, 0021 0335 Screening;Pennisetum americanum, 0463 0464 0468 Cultivars, India;Eleusine coracana,Weed cont- 0336 rol, 0290

326 pedicellatumResearch. fusiformis, Pennisetum 0758 Resistance/Claviceps 0337 India, Pennisetum americanum,Breeding, purpureum x Pennisetum microcephala, Pennisetum Resistance/Claviceps americanumHybridsNitrogen-fixing Mali;Pennisetum americanum,Variety 0176 0311 bacteria,Inoculation, trials, Rhizosphere, incompleta, Resistance/Deois Azoopirilluml,Nitrogen fixation; humidicola, 0778 0182 Australia;Brachiaria Brachiaria decumbens, diseases; Resistance/Fungal Azospirillum,Nitrogen fixation; Pennisetum americanum,Variety tri- 0182 0310 Digitaria, als, Azospirillum,Nitrogen fixation; separata, 0182 Resistance/Mythimna Panicum, Evaluation,ICRISAT;Pennisetum ame- 0363 Azospirillum,Nitrogen fixation; ricanum, americanum, 0182 nubstriata; Pennisetum Resistance/Puccinia Azospirillum,Nitrogen fixation; americanum,Interspecific 0182 Pennisetum Setaria tomentosa, o, 0315 0722 hybridi Bacteria;Brachiaria decumbens, grisea; 0722 Resistance/Pyricularia Bacteria;Brachiaria humidicola, Pennisetum americanum,Interspecific 074^2 0315 Bactoria;Panicum maximum, hybridization, plicatulu, 0722 graminicola, Bacteria;Paspalum Resistance/Sclerospora Microflora,Fungicides,Foliar appl Evaluation;Penisetum americanum, coracana, 0495 0319 ication,Effect;Eleusine Genotypes, Microorganisms,(for)Dicalcium pho Evaluation;Pennisetum americanum dec 0137 sphate,Solubility;Brachiaria (Male sterile),Hybrids, 0719 americanum,Variety umbens, Mali;Pennisetum Microorganisms,(for)Dicalcium pho 0311 0719 trials, sphate,Solubility;Panicum maximum, Senegal;Pennisetum americanum,Bre- 0323 Rhizosphere see also, eding, Root distribution Resistance/Sclerospora graminicola; 0317 Soil profiles Pennisetum americanum,Breeding, americanum(Hale sterile) Ridomil; Pennisetum Pennisetum americanum,Claviceps mutations, 0317 0334 ,Induced fusiformis,Control, Resistance/Sipha flava, 0824 Rock phosphate, Evaluation;Digitaria, Brazil;Brachiaria decumbens,Phosp- penicillar- 0796 Resistance/Tolyposporium horus, iae, Mycorrhizas,IlnoculationEffect, Mali;Pennisetum americanum,Variety 0311 Brazil;Paspalum plicatulumYield trials, 0932 parodoxa, increases, Resistance/Ustilago Rodent control, frumentacea, 0455 0367 Screening;Echinochloa Brodifacoum;Pennisetum americanum, to disease see, Resistance Rodents, resistance 0366 Disease Deserts,India;Millets,Infestation, metabolism see, Respiratory Rodents; 0367 Metabolism Pennisetum americanum,Feeds, Review articles; coracana,Fungal diseases, 0302 Romania; Eleusine Panicum miliaceum,Varieties,Culti americanum,Cytogenetics, 0134 0582 Pennisetum vation,(under)Rotations, Pennisetum americanum,Fungal dise- 0302 Root cation exchange capacity, ases, (for)Potassium;Pennisetum america americanumMarketing, 0060 Pennisetum num, zones,West Africa, 0402 Semiarid distribution, americanum,Nitrogen- Root Pennisetum Tillage,Effect,Ilndia/Rajasthan; bacteria,Inoculation, 0176 0220 fixing Pennisetum americanum, Pennisetum americanumSoil manage- 0174 Root distribution:Soil profiles:Water ment,Semiarid zones, americanum,Weeds, 0289 balance, Pennidetum Relationship,Alfisols:Vertisols; americanum,Yields,Nitr- 0194 Pennisetum Pennisetum americanum, ogen-phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, 0168 (in)Vertisols,

327 Root systems, residual Effect,(on)Compact effect, 0231 ooil;Paspalum Water requirements,Tropical notatumRoots,Growth, Africa; 0936 Pennisetum americanum:Cowpeas, Root systems see also, 0207 Root distribution Rotations; Pennisetum Roots, americanum:Cowpeas:Wheat, Nutrient balance,(in)Soils, Adsorption,Isotherm,(for)Potassium; 0172 Pennisetum americanum:Groundnuts, Pennisetum americanum, 0060 Yields, Epidermis,Mucilages,Structure;Pas- 0179 Pennisetum palum, americanum:Wheat,NPK 0938 fertilizera,Effect, Extracts,(as)Nematicides;D;gitaria 0239 Pennisetum americanuum:Wheat,Yields, decumbens, 0813 Farmyard Fungi;Penniaetum manure:Nitrogen fertili americenum, 0303 zers,Effect, Glomus mosseae,Formation;Pennisetum 0242 americanum, Roughage, 0183 Cattle;Pennisetum Growth,(under)IntercroppingIndia; flaccidum,Hay, 07GE Cattle;Pennisetum orientale,Hay, Pennisetum 0766 americanum:Groundnuts, 0259 Growth,IntercroppingEffect,lndia; Rumen, Steers;Brachiaria Pennisetum americanum, decumbens,Seed 0259 longevity, Growth,Measurement,Gamma 0682 radiation; Steers;Panicum Pennisetum americanum, maximum,Seed longe 0067 vity, Growth,Root systems,Effect,(on) 0682 Steers;Pennisetum Compact soil;Paspalum clandestinum, notatum, 0936 Seed longevity, 0682 Histochemistry;Pennisetum americanum,Seedlings, Rumen/Acidosis, 0056 (in)Buffalo Nitrogen fixation;Paspalum calf;Eleusine coracana, notatum, 0961 Feeds, Photosynthates,Translocation;Pani- 0548 cum Runoff:Erosion, coloratum, 0066 Photosynthates,Translocation;Pasp_ (from)Oxisols,Nigeria;Panicum max imum, alum notatum, 0891 Photosynthates,Translocation;Penn- 0066 Runoff control; Eleusine coracana:Groundnuts,Cover, 0493 isetum americanum, Tissues.Chemical 0066 Sahel, composition;Penn- Research,(at)GERDAT;Pennisetum isetum americanumSeedlings, 0056 americanumInsect Roots see also, pests,Biological control, Root systems 0341 Theses;Pennisetum Rotational cropping americanum,Infl see, orescences,Infestation,Masalia Rotations nitbila, Rotations, 0357 Theses;Pennisetum Effect,Semiarid americanum,Tnfl zones,Burkina Faso; orescences,InfestationRaghuva Pennisetum americanum:Cowpeas, albipunctella, Yields, 0357 0287 Theses;Pennisetum americanumlnfl India;Pennisetum americanum:Wheat, Yields,Phosphorus orescences,Infestation,Raghuva fertilizers, bordati, Effect, 0357 India/Haryana;Pennisetum 0250 Sahel; americanum: Millets,Improvement, 0019 Wheat,Yields,NPK fertilizers,Eff- Sahelian zone see, ect, 0245 Sahel India/Haryana;Pennisetum americanum: Wheat,Yields,Nitrogen Saline soils, fertilizers, India/Haryana;Pennisetum Effect, americanum, 0284 Cultivation, India/Haryana;Pennisetum 0171 americanum: Saline Wheat,Yields,Plant water/Irrigation, density,Effect, 0284 Effect,India/Andhra India/Haryana;Pennisetum Pradesh;Lleus americanum: ine coracana,Yields, Wheat,Yields,Planting 0502 date,Effect, 0284 Romania;Panicum Effect;Eleusine coracana,Growth: miiiaceum,Varieties, Yields, Cultivation, 0501 0582 Saline water/Sprinkler Tracer studies;Pennisetum irrigation, america- Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Yields, 0191 num:Legumes,Yields,Phosphorus

328 Scerospora graminicola/Icidence Saline water/Surface irrigation, americanum,Yields, 0191 Seed treatment,0with)Metal2yl, aI dee; 0327 Effect;Pennisetum ceopaEffect ;Pennisetumainc americanm, Salinity, graminicola/Ineidence; macro- Sclerospora EffectAustralia;Pennisetum losses, 0324 0747 Pennisetum americanum,Yield urum,Germination, Sclerospora graminicola/Resistance, salinity:Alkalinity, mili- Evaluation;Pennisetum americanum, Sffect,lndi/Baryana;Panicum 0319 Genotypes, ion, 0613 are,Germinat Evaluation;Pennisetum americanum Salt tolerance; 0137 0039 (Male sterile) ,Hybrids, mnutica, Brachiaria 0039 ali;Pennisetum americanum,Variety Panicum antidotale, 0311 0563 trials, miliaceum,Callus, americanum,Bre Panicum 0945 Senegal;Pennisetum Paspalum vaginatum, 0323 0039 eding, americanum, istance; Pennisetum Sclerospora graminicola/Res see, 0317 £alt water Pennisetum americanum,Breeding, water Saline Pennisetum americanum(Male sterile) 0317 Sandy soils, Induced mutations, Pradesh;Eleusine cor- India/Andhra Screening, acana,Grain yield,Nitrogen ferti- amer 0519 Techniques ,Theses;Pennisetum ,Effect, 0147 lizers icanum,Drought resistance, americauum,Yie- Senegal;Pennisetum Screening; fertilizers,Effect, 0240 lds,Potassium Echinochloa frumentacea ,Ustilago 0455 Sap/Leaves, parodoxa/Resistance, ABA,Measurement ;Pennisetum americ- 0059 Seasonal growth, anum, Comparioon;Pennisetum purpureum, Savannas, 0860 Cultivars, Cuba;Panicum aciculare, 0860 Seasons, Cuba;Panicum tenerum, plicatulum,Combus 0953 SavannasCua;a ; tEffect;Paspalum 0678 tion, Digitaria eriantha,Photosynthesis, 0678 Seed aging; maximum,Photosynthesis, 0917 Panicum Panieum maximum, acletus:Scapteriscus Scapteriscus Seed characters, ameri vic inus, Cytoplasm,Effect;Pennisetum USA/Florida;Paspalum notatum,Past- 0103 0963 canumHybrid s, urea ,Damage, Seed collection, vicinus, 0023 Scapteriscus South Africa;Pennisetum americanum, USA/Florida;Paspalum notatum,Forage, 0962 Seed dispersal, Yield losses, Liquid manures ,Effect ,Netherlands; vicinus:Scapteriscus 0445 Scapteriscus Echinochloa crus-gallU, acletus, notatum,Part- Seed dormancy, USA/Florida;Paspalum Genetic variation,Australia;Digit 0963 0811 ures ,Damage, aria milanjiana, max Scientists, Heat treatment,Effect;Panicum americanum, 0008 0894 Directories;Pennisetum imum, Sclerospora graminicola, ame- Seed drills, Control,Fungicides;Pennisetum americanum, 0299 0320 Design;Pennisetum ricanum, 0322 Seed germination, Control;Pennisetum americanum, americanum, 0318 Amylases/Activity,Comparison;Echi Epidemiology;Pennisetum rochloa frumentacea:Panicum mili Heterothallism;Pennisetum america- 0629 0325 aceum:Setaria italics, num, Azotobacter,luoculation,Effect; Pathogenicity;Pennisetum americanum, 0178 0329 Pennisetum americanum, Varieties, Carbohydrates ,Comparison;Echinoch infect ion;Pennisetum Seedborne loa frumentacea:Panicum miliaceum: 0321 0629 americanum, Setaria italics, Sporangia,Epidemiology;Pennisetum ;Paspalum virgatum, 0955 0328 Herbicides,Effect Pra americanum, Mycotoxins,Effect,India/Uttar Spores,Infectivity:Viability,(in) 0652 0326 desh;Setaria italics, Soils;Pennisetum americanum,

329 Oxygen,Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0026 Setaria anceps, 0707 Temperatures,Effect;Pennisetui Seed production:Heading:Inflorescen americanum, 0041 ces, 0042 Temperatures,Effect;Panicum maximum, 0708 Water stress,Effect;Setaria viridis, 0979 Temperatures,Effect;Setaria anceps, 0708 Seed germination:Seedling emergence, Seed quality, Acetones,Effect;Pennisetum americ- Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect;Penni anum, 0029 setum americanum, 0208 Dichloromathane,Effect;Pennisetum Spikelets/Removal,Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0029 americanum, 0208 Ethanol,Effect;Pennisetum america- Tiller/Removal,Effect;Pennisettim num, 0029 americanum, 0208 Ether,Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0029 Seed size:Seedling vigour, Water,Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0029 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Agro Xylenes,Effect;Pennisetum america- nomir characteristics:Yields, 0038 num, 0029 Seed storage, Seed hardening, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Seeds, Effect,Thdses;Eleusine coracana, Viability, 0380 Varieties,Emergence:Germination: Seed storage:Seed treatment, Vigour, 0479 Effect;Brachiaria decumbens,Germi Seed longevity, nation, 0795 (in)aumen,Steers;Brachiaria decum- Seed storage see also, bens, 0682 Seed longevity (in)Rumen,Steers;Panicum maximum, 0682 Seed treatment, (in)Rumen,Steers;Pennisetum cland- (with)Fungicides;Coix lachryma estinum, 0682 jobi,Ustilago coicis,Control, 0429 Liquid manures,Effect,Netherlands; (with)MetalaxylEffect;Pennisetum Echinochloa crus-galli, 0445 americanum,Sclerospora graminicola/ Seed production, Incidence, 0327 Australia;Brachiaria decumbens, 0785 (with)Metalaxyl,Effect;Pennisetum Australia;Setaria(Frost resistant), 0972 americanum,Seedling emergence, 0327 Harvest date,Effect;Brachiaria (with)Panoctine,India/Karnataka; decumbens, 0791 Eleusine coracana,Drechslera nod Harvest date:Heading date,Effect; ulosa,Control, 0537 Panicum maximum, 0706 (with)Panoctine,India/Karnataka; Harvest date:Heading date,Effect; Eleusine coracana,Pyricularia Setaria anceps, 0706 grisea,Control, 0537 Harvesting losses,Evaluation;Brac- (with)Potassium chloride;Panicum hiaria decumbens, 0692 maximum,Germination, 0896 Harvesting losses,Evaluation;Pani- Effect,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, cum maximum, 0692 Forage,Yields, 0196 India;Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids, 0383 Effect;Panicum maximum,Emergence, 0895 India/Maharashtra;Pennisetum amer- Japan;Coix lachryma-jobi,Drechslera icanum,Hybrids, 0382 coicis,Control, 0431 NPK fertilizers,Effect;Panicum Japan;Coix lachryma-jobi,Ustilago miliaceum, 0580 coicis,Control, 0431 Nitrogen fertilizers,Application Seed treatment:Seed storage, date,Effect;Panicum maximum, 0872 Effect;Brachiaria decumbens,Germi Nitrogen fertilizers,Dosage effect; nation, 0795 Panicum maximum, 0872 Seed weight, Site fa:tors,Effect;Panicum virga- Effect;Panicum maximum,Emergence, 0895 tum,Ecotypes, 0910 Effect;Panicum maximum,Seedlings, Spikelets characteristics,Effect; Growth, 0893 Panicum maximum, 0876 Genetic control;Pennisetum americ Seed production; anum, 0116 Panicum maximum, 0707 Seedborne fungi, Pennisetum americanum, 0379 Control,(by)Datura alba:Cannabis Pennisetum americanum(Male sterile) aativa;Eleusine coracana, 0535 ,Hybrids, 0160 Control,Hot water treatment;Eleus

330 Echinochloa crus-galli, 0447 ine coracana, 0306 Pyricularia setariae/Susceptibility; Control,Hot water treatment;Penni- 0649 0306 Setaria italics, setum americanum, Effect;Echinocbloa frumentacea, Roots,Histochemistry;Pennisetum americanum, 0056 Seedlings,Germination, 0456 Roots,Tissues,Chemical composition; India/Uttar Pradesh;Echinochloa Pennisetum americanum, 0056 frumentacea, 0456 0652 Shoots,Histochemistry;Pennisetum Mycotoxins;Setaria italics, 0056 also, americanum, Seedborne fungi see composition; Drpchslera setariae Shoots,Tissues,Cbemical Pennisetum americanum, 0056 Seedborne infection; Starch/Accumulation;Pennisetum Pennisetum americanum,Sclerospora 0083 0321 americanum, graminicola, Starch/Accumulation;Pennisetum Seedling emergence, mollissium, 0083 Seed treatment,(with)Metalaxyl, Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0327 Seeds, dehydrogenase,Activity; Water availability,Effect ,Australia; Alcohol oryzicola, 0835 Panicum coloratum, 0728 Echinochloa layer,Silicon/Deposition, Water availability,Effect,Australia; Aleurone Analysis,China;Setaria italics, 0657 Pennisetum clandestinum, 0728 Enzyme inhibitors,Isolation,(by) Water availability,Effect,Australia; coracana, 0481 Setaria porphyrantha, 0728 Chromatography;Eleusine Water availability,Effect;Panicum Handling,Postharvest systems;Penn isetum americanum,Hybrids, 0181 decompositum, 0728 Hardness;Pennisetum americanum, 076 Seedling emergence:Seed germination, americ- Infestation,Drechslera setariae, Acetones,Effect;Pennisetum ameri anum, 0029 India/Karnataka;Pennisetum canum, 0307 Dichloromathane,Effect;Pennisetum zeamais; americanum, 0029 Infestation,Sitophilus Pennisetum americanum, 0332 Ethanol,Effect;Pennisetum america- 0029 Infestation,Tribolium castaneum, num, 0332 americanum, 0029 ;Pennisetum americanum, Ether,Effect;Pennisetum ;Echinochloa Water,Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0029 Metabolism,Anaerobiosis crus-galli, 0443 Xylenes,Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0029 Phytochromes,Anaesthetics,Effect; Setaria faberi, 0991 Seedling vigour:Seed size, Protein composition;Setaria italica, 0655 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Agro- synthesis,Inhibitors;Seta nomic characteristics:Yields, 0038 Protein ria italica, 0655 Seedlings, Silicon/Deposition,Analysis,China; Acid phosphatase:Proteins:Pyropho- 0661 stress,Effect; Setaria italica, sphatases,Water america Eleusine coracana, 0471 Ultrastructure;Pennisetum num, 0162 Chemicalking,(with)GA,Effect;Pennisetum composition,Seeds/Presoa- Viability,Seed storage,Effect;Pen nisetum americanum, 0380 americanum, 0045 fungi,Effect; Seeds/Presoaking, Germination,Seedborne americ Echinuchloa frumentacea, 0456 (with)GA,Effect;Pennisetum anum,Seedlings,Chemical composit Growth,Fertilizers,Effect;Panicum 0045 maximum, 0893 ion, banks; Gro th,Seed weight ,Effect ;Panicum Selection:Gene americanum,Composite max imum, 0893 Pennisetum varieties, 0074 Growth,Soil moisture ,Effect ;Panicum see also, maximum, 0893 Selection selection Growth,Temperatures,Effect;Panicum Recurrent 0893 Semiarid climate, maximum. curvula, Growth;Panicum coloratum, 0916 USA/Arizona;Eragrostis Yields,Copper mine wastes,Effect, 0852 Metabolism,Anaerobiosis;Echinochloa USA/Arizona;Eragrostis lehmanniana, crus-galli, 0444 Yields,Copper mine wastes,Effect, 0852 Plaatids,Development,Anaerobiosis;

331 USA/Arizona;Eragrostis superba, Research, 0094 Yields,Copper mine wastes,Effect, 0852 0106 USA/Arizona;Panicum antidotale, Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0010 Yields,Copper mine wastes,Effect, 0852 Senescence, Semiarid zones, Growth regulators,Effect;Eleusine Burkina Faso;Pennisetum americanum: coracana, Cowpeas,Yields,Rotatj.ons,Effect, 0475 0287 Insecticides,Effect;Eleusine cora ICRISAT;Digitaria ciliaris,Growth, cans, 0474 Shading,Effect, 0829 Senescence; India;Eleusine coracana,Cropping Eleusine coracana,Leaves,O-Diphenol systems,Alfisols, 0286 oxidase:Peroxidase,Growth regula India;Millets,Yields,Water harves- tors,Effect, 0475 ting,Effect, 0195 Seperators, India;Pennisetum americanum,Cropp- India;Pennisetum americanum,Clavi ing systems,Alfisols, 0286 ceps microcephala, 0330 India;Pennisetum americanum,Marke- Sequential cropping, ting, 0407 India/Andhra Pradesh;Panicum India;Setaria mili italica,Cropping aceum,Yields,NPK fertilizers,Eff systems,Alfisols, 0286 ect, Nigeria;Pennisetum 0584 americanum,Far- India/Rajasthan;Pennisetum americ- ming systems, 0276 anum:Mung bean:Wheat,Farmyard Review articles;Pennisetum americ- manure:NPK fertilizers,Comparison, 0235 anum,Soil management, 0174 Minerals/Loss,(from)Soils,Senegal; West Africa,Bibliographies;Pennis- Pennisetum americanum:Groundnuts, 0278 etum americanum,Marketing, 0401 Nitrogen economy,India/Uttar Prad West Africa,Review articles;Penni- esh;Eleusine coracana:Wheat, 0522 setum americanum,Marketing, 0402 Water/Loss,(from)soils,Senegal; Semiarid zones; Pennisetum americanum:Groundnuts, 0278 Eleusine coracana,Fields,Heat flow, Sequential cropping; Variation, 0477 Eleusine coracana:Cotton:Sorghum, Pennisetum americanum,Agroclimato- Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, 0523 logy, 0164 Panicum miliaceum,Fertilizer Pennisetum americanum,Growtb,Models, appl 0163 ication, 0583 Senegal; Pennisetum americanum:Wbeat,Nitro Millets, 0022 gen-phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, 0249 Millets,Breeding, 0131 Serological affinities; Millets,Cultivation, 0024 Coix lachryma-jobi:kaize, 0426 Millets,Entomology,Research, 0343 Setaria, Millets,Insect pests, 0360 Species,(as)Weeds Millets,Marketing, 0989 0408 Species,ControlHerbicides 0668 Pennisetum americanum,Breeding, Species,Control,Sethoxydim 0974 Sclerospora graminicola/Resistance, 0323 Species,Forage,Yields,Legumes,Effect 0990 Pennisetum americanum,Improvement, Species,Pollen,Morphology 0564 Research, 0095 Setaria(Frost resistant), 0096 0097 Seed production,Australia 0972 Pennisetum americanum,Phenotypes, Setaria anceps, Variability, 0205 Feeds,(cause of)Oxalates/Poisoning, Pennisetum americanum,Production, 0410 (in)Cattle,Brazil 0988 Pennisetum americanum,Yields,Pota- Grass establishment,Thailand 0665 ssium fertilizers,Effect,(in)Sandy Heading:Inflorescences:Seed produ soils, 0240 ction,Temperatures,Effect Pennisetum americanum:Groundnuts, 0708 Inflorescences,Development 0707 Sequential cropping,Minerals/Loss, Pastures,Establishment,Nitrogen (from)Soils, 0278 fertilizers,Starter dressings, Pennisetum americanum:Groundnuts, Effect 0977 Sequential cropping,Water/Loss, Seed production,Harvest date:Head (from)Soils, 0278 ing date,Effect Senegal/ICRISAT; 0706 Seed production 0707 Pennisetum americanum,Improvement,

332 Analsisbina0658 066106 SetariaControlI faberi, ,Atrazine :Tr idiphane 0688 AnalysisChina 0973 Insect pests,India/Andhra Pradesh 0653 0642 0585 Leaf area index,China Control,lerbicides 0606 0594 0912 0966 0968 0969 Leaves,Waxes,Chemical composition 0970 Lipids 0662 fertilizers,Distribution: ControlSetboxydim 0673 Nitrogen 0965 0987 Uptake 0645 Nitrogen fixation,Azospirillum 0638 Dormancy,Anaesthetics,Effect 0991 testing 0636 Growth,Soil temperature,Effect 0980 Performance ,Phenols/Colour,Reaction, Seeds,Phytochromes ,Anaesthetics, Phenotypes analysis 0634 Effect 0991 Genetic ,Phenols/Colour,Reaction, Setaria glauca, Phenotypes distribution 0634 Control,Primagram 0452 Geographical Germination,Cooling:Thawing,Effect 0437 Phoma,Species,Ccntrol,Fungicides, Pradesh 0651 Setaria italica, India/Madhya 0062 Photosynthesis 0632 Anthers,Histochemistry 0628 acids:Pro- Photosynthetic pathway Anthers,Tissues,Nucleic 0630 teins,Localization 0062 inhibitors 0036 Breeding,Theses 0633 Protease Chemical composition:Nutritive Protein composition,Hydrolysis, Theses 0656 value ,Uromyces setariae/Infection, 0021 Effect 0650 Research,India 0416 0417 0626 0627 Cocksfoot mottle virus/Susceptibi- lity,Japan 0654 Seed germination,Mycotoxins,Effect, Pradesh 0652 Cropping systems,Alfisols,Semiarid India/Uttar fungi,Mycotoxins 0652 zones,India 0286 Seedborne content ,Comparison 0643 Seedlings,Pyricularia setariae/ Cultivars,Ash 0649 Cultivars ,Biomass accumulation, Susceptibility 0643 Seeds ,Aleurone layer,Silicon/Depo Comparison 0657 Cultivars,Nitrogen content,Compar- sition,Anslysis,China composition 0655 ison 0643 Seeds,Protein synthecis,Inhibitors 0655 Cultivars,Nutrient uptake,Comparison 0643 Seeds,Protein environ- Seeds,Silicon/Deposition,Analysis, Cultivars,Yields,Genotype 0661 ment interaction 0640 China Varieties,Hybridization,Methods 0635 Curvularia lunata,Control,Fungici- 0659 des,India/Madhya Pradesh 0651 Varieties ,Polysaccharides Varieties,Protein composition 0660 Curvularia pallescence,Control, 0641 Fungicides,India/Madhya Pradesh 0651 Yield factors,China Dry farming,India 0272 Yields,Azospirillut,Inoculation, 0180 Feeds ,Poultry 0663 Effect brasilense, Fluazifop-butyl,Metabolism:Transl- Yields,Azospirillum 0631 Inoculation,Effect ,Israel 0639 ocation:Uptake 0641 acids:Vitamin Yields,Cultivation methods,China Food products,Amino 0642 B,Losses,(due to)Cooking,India/ 0397 Yields,Improvement,Dry farming, Andhra Pradesh 0281 Forage,Yields,Azospirillum,Inocul- Technology,India 0638 Yields,Tillage,Effect,(under)Dry ation,Effect 0215 Germplasm,Collections,India 0418 farming,India 0421 Setaria italica:Bothriochloa pertusa, 0422 Allelopathy,Pakistan 0292 Germplasm,India 0291 Grain yield ,Nitrogen-phosphorus Allelopathy Setaria italica:Cencbrus ciliaris, fertilizers,Effect,(under)Rain- 0292 fed farming,India/Maharashtra 0646 Allelopathy,Pakistan Grain yield,Potassium nephthenate, Setaria italica:Cotton, 0644 Yields,(under)Irtercropping 0647 Effect frument Growth:Nutrient uptake,Soil heating, Setaria italica:Echinochloa Effect 0637 acea:Panicum miliaceum, Inflorescences,Silicon/Deposition, Seed germination,Amylases/Activity,

333 Comparison 0629 PasturesEstablishment,Nitrogen Seed germination,Carbohydrates, Comparison fertilizers,Starter 0629 Effect dressings, Setaria italica:Soybean, 0977 Yields,Fertilizers,Effect,(under) Pastures,Grazing,Cattle,Thailand 0680 Intercropping Pastures,Litter/Measurement,Austr 0 Yields,Weed 0648 alia control,Effect,(under) 0672 Intercropping Setaria sphacelata:Legumes, 0648 Chemical composition,(under)Mixed Setaria lutescens, Germination,Freezing:Thawing,Effect cropping,Brazil 0685 Weed competition 0976 Intercropping,Forage,Yields 0971 0985 Setaria macrostachya, Yields,(under)Mixed croppingBrazil Setaria 0685 Forage,Digestibility,Enviromenta1 sphacelata x Setaria splend factors,Effect ida, 0713 Hybrids,Digestibility,Australia 0982 Setaria porphyrantha, GerminationSoil water potential, Hybrids,Yields,Australia EffectsAustralia Setaria splendida, 0982 0726 Description GerminationTemperaturesEffect, 0975 Australia Dry matterYields,Cutting 0728 height, Grass establishment,Sowing Effect depth, Setaria 0720 Effect splendida x Setaria sphacel Seedling emergence,Water 0727 ata see, availabi- Setaria lity,Effect,Australia sphacelata x Setaria sple Setaria pumila, 0728 ndida Control,Herbicides,Rain,Effect Setaria texana, 0978 Chemical composition ControlHerbicides 0967 0983 Setaria tomentosa, 0986 Rhizosphere,AzospirillumNitrogen Control,Sethoxydim 0673 fixation Growth,SoilControlTrifluralin temperatureEffect 0182 09800981 SetariaControl,Primagram verticillata, Setaria see also, 0452 Setaria anceps Setaria viridis, Setaria (as)Weeds,USA faberi 0689 Setaria glauca Cocksfoot mottle virus/Susceptibi- Setaria lity,Japan italicas 0654 Setaria Control,AG 206-784 lutescens 0984 Setaria Control,Atrazine:Tridiphane macrostachya 0688 Setaria Control,Fluazifop-butyl porphyrantha 0595 Setaria Control ,Herbicides pumila 0878 Setaria sphacelata 0968 0986 Setaria splendids Control,Primagram ControlSethoxydim 0452 0673 Setaria texansa tomentosa Growth,Soil temperature,Effect Setaria Herbicides,Aiialysis 0980 verticellata 0453 Setaria viridis Seed germination,Water stress,Effect Weed competition 0979 Boron 0971 Setaria uptake,Gypsum,Effectsphacelata, ,(in) Sethoxydim; ebxdm Digitaria Sodic soils sanguinalis,Control Dry matter,Digestibility,Cattle 0696 0673 0701 Echinochloa 0828 Dry matter:iiitrogen contentCutting crus-galli,Control, Panicum 0673 frequency:Cutting height,Effect, dichotomiflorum,Control, Setaria,Species,Control, 0673 Australia 0974 0700 Feed supplemento,Cattle,Australia Setaria faberi,Control, Forage,Nitrates/Accumulation,Curt_ 0705 0673 ing Setaria pumila,Control, 0965 0987 frequency:Nitrogen fertilizers, 0673 Effect Setaria viridis,Control, 0673 Forage,Performance 0714 testing,Brazil 0684 Shading, Light distribution:Photosynthesis: Effect,Semiarid zones,ICRISAT;Dig itaria ciliaris,Growth, Plant height,Chlormequat:GAEffect 0829 0697

334 Sheep, Australia;Digitaria Analysis,China;Setaria italics, pentzii,Feeds, Seeds,Aleurone Digestibility,Sulphur,Effect, layer, 0657 0825 Silicon content, India;Panicum miliaceum,Feed,Che- 0826 (effect on)HealthChina;Pennisetum americanum,Bran, mical composition:Nutritive 0395 Indonesia;Pennisetum val, e, 0610 Simazine:Alachlor:2,4-D; purpureum, Eleusine Foliage,Feed preferences, coracana,Weed control, 0748 Simazine:Cyanazine:Pendimethalin; 0533 Nigeria;Brachiaria decumbens,Hay, Panicum miliaceum,Control, Nutritive 0592 value, 0664 Nigeria;Panicum maximum,Hay,Nutri- Simetryne, tive value, Effect;Echinochloa crus-galli,Chl 0664 oroplasts,Physiological Sheep; functions, 0440 Digitaria decumbens,Feeds, Sipha flava/Resistance, 0834 Evaluation;Digitaria, Paspalum dilatatum,Feeds, 0824 Pennisetum purpureum,Silage,Nutri- 0944 Site factors, tive value, Effect;Panicum virgatum,Ecotypest 0735 Seed production, Shoots, 0910 Sitophilus Histochemistry;Pennisetum america- zeamais; num,Seedlings, Pennisetum americanum,Flours,Infe 0056 station, Tissues,Chemical composition;Penn- 0332 isetum americanum,Seedlings, Pennisetum americanum,Seeds,nfes 0056 tation, Shoots see also, 0332 Sprouts Slow release fertilizers, Effect;Pennisetum Silage, americanum,Yields, 0243 Chemical compositionAdditives, Sodic soils; Brachiaria mutica,Boron Effect;Pennisetum purpureum x uptake, Pennisetum Gypsum,Effect, americanum,Hybrids, 0771 0696 Chemical composition,Brazil;Penni- Panicum antidotale,Yields,Gypsum, Effect, setum americanum, 0882 0384 Chemical composition,Inoculum,Eff_ Panicum laevifolium,Yields,Gypsum, Effect, ect;Pennisetum purpureum 0882 x Penni- Panicum setum americanum,Hybrids, maximum,Boron uptake,Gypsum, 0771 Effect, Digestibility,AdditivesEffect, 0696 Brazil;Pennisetum Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum americanum, 0385 Nutritive value,Evaluation;Coix americanum,HybridsBoron uptake, lachryma-jobi,Stover, Gypsum,Effect, 0432 0696 Nutritive value,Sheep;Pennisetum Setaria sphacelata,Boron uptake, Gypsum,Effect, purpureum, 0696 Storage;Echinochloa 0735 Soil and water conservation, frumentacea, 0451 Research,India;Millets, Yields,Brazil;Pennisetum 0173 americanum, 0384 Soil and water Silage quality, conservation see also, Additives,Effect,Brazil;Pennisetum Runoff control americanum, Soil conditioners; 0384 Eragrostis Cutting date,Effect,Cuba;Pennisetum curvula, 0718 Panicum maximum, purpureum x Pennisetum americanum, 0717 Hybrids, 0744 0718 Molasses,Effect,Cuba;Pennisetum Soil conditioners see also, Nonionic surfactants purpureum X Pennisetum americanum, Hybrids, Soil deficiencies, 0744 Weeds,Effect;Eleusine coracana, Silage quality:Nutritive value, 0528 Additives,Effect,Brazil;Penniset.m Soil fertility, purpureum, rigalov soila,Australia;Panicum 0775 maximum, Silicon/Deposition, 0866 .,rovement;Pennisetum Analysia,China;Setaris italics, purpureum, 0749 Inflorescences, I fertility/Management, 0658 ectindia;Eleusine coracana, Analysi,China;Setaria 0661 'eds, italica, 0241 Seeds, ct,India;Pennisetum americanum, 0661 i'do, 0241

335 Soil fertility see also, Nitrogen cycle distribution, Relationship,Alfisols:Vertisols; Soil deficiencies Soil heating, Pennisetum americanum, Effect;Setaria italica,Growth:Nut- Soil temperature, 0194 Effect;Setaria rient uptake, faberi,Growth, 0980 Effect;Soils,Chemico-physical 0637 Effect;Setaria pumila,Growth, pro- Effect;Setaria 0980 perties, viridis,Growth, 0980 0637 Soil Lypes:Magnesium/Uptake:Liming: Soil injection:Foliar application, Magnesium fertilizers:Potassium Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Grain yield,Nitrogen fertilizers, fertilizers, 0238 Effect;Eleusine Soil management, coracana, 0516 Soil warming see, Semiarid zones,Review articles; Soil heating Pennisetum americanum, 0174 Soil water potential, Soil management:Fertilizers, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,High Effect,Australia;Panicum coloratum, yielding varieties,Yields, Germination, 0285 Effect,Australia;Panicum 0726 Soil management see also, decompos Liming itumGermination Effect,Australia;Pennisetum 0726 cland Runoff control Soil fertility estinumGermination, Effect,Australia;Setaria porphyra 0726 Soil heating Soil moisture, ntha,Germination, EffectIndia,Theses;Eleusine Soils, 0726 cora- (under)Rotations;Pennisetum cana,Yields, ameri Effect,India/Haryana;Pennisetum 0498 canum:Cowpeas:Wheat,Nutrient ance, bal americanum,Phosphorus fertilizers, 0172 Requirement, Chemico-physical properties,Soil Effect,Sri 0225 heating,Effect Lanka;Pennisetum polys- 0637 tachyon,Growth, Senegal;Pennisetum americanum:Gro- 0732 Effect;Eleusine coracana,Dry undnuts,Sequential croppingMine- matter, rals/Loss, Chemical composition, 0278 Effect;Eleusine 0506 Senegal;Pennisetum coracanaDry matter, americanum:Gro- Growth:Yields, undnuts,Sequential cropping,Water/ 0506 Loss, Effect;Panicum maximum,Emergence 0278 Effect;Panicum maximum,Seedlings, 0895 Soils; Growth, Pennisetum americanum,Sclerospora 0893 Effect;Paspalum dilatatum,Fibre graminicola,Spores,Infectivity: content, Viability, 0940 0326 Effect;Paspalum notatum,Fibre Soils:Fertilizers:Irrigation, con- Effect;Paspalum tent, notatum,Grass est 0940 ablishment, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Grain 0946 yield, Soils see also, 0044 Acid Evaluation,(by)Water balance;Penn- soils isetum americanum, Alfisols 0167 Irrigation scheduling/Method,Effect, Alkaline soils Alluvial India/Andhra Pradesh;Eleusine soils coracana, Calcareous soils Mulches,Effect,India/Rajasthan; 0500 Compact soils Pennisetum Grassland soils americanum, 0170 Soil moisture:Nitrogen Irrigated soils fertilizers, Oxisols Effect,India;Eleusine coracana, Soil nitrogen/Availability, Peat soils Soil nitrogen/Availability, 0494 Podtolic soils Nitrogen Rhizosphere fertilizers:Soil moisture, Saline soils Effect,India;Eleusine coracana, Soil PH, 0494 Sandy soils Effect;Panicum,Forage,Yields, Sodic soils 0881 Tropical Soil profiles:Water balance:Root soils Upland soils

336 Vertisols Madhya PradeshtPanicum miliare: Solvents see also, Soybean,Yields, 0420 Acetones Effect,(under)Intercropping,India/ Dichloromethane Madhya Pradesh;Paspalum scrobicu Ethanol latum:Soybean,Yields, 0420 Ether Effect,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, Water Forage,Yields, 0196 Xylenes Effect;Brachiaria decumbens,Pastu Somatic embryos see, res,Botanical composition:Yields, 0677 Embryoids Effect;Panicum maxiau,Pastures, South Africa; Botanical composition:Yields, 0677 Digitaria eriantha,PasturesGrazing, 0023 Sowing rates, Digitaria sanguinalis,(as)Weeds, 0797 Effect,(under)Intercropping,Theses; Eleusine indica,(as)Weeds, 0842 Pennisetum americanum:Soybeans, Millets,Beers,Nutritive value, 0399 Yields, 0263 Pennisetum americanum,Seed collec- Sowing see also, tion, 0023 Sowing methods Pennisetum clandestinum,Phakospora Spacing, apoda, 0745 Effect,(under)Dry farming,India/ South Africa/ICRISAT; Gujarat;Pennisetum americanum, Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0010 Grain yield, 0209 Southern Africa; Effect,( under)Dry farming;Pennise Pennisetum americanumImprovement, 0009 tum americanum,Yields, 0217 Southern Africa see also, Effect,(under)Intercropping,Tanza Botswana nia;Pennisetum americanum:Legumes, Mozambique Grain yield, 0277 South Africa Effect,(under)Intercropping,Theses; Zambia Pennisetum americanum:Soybeans, Zimbabwe Yields, 0263 Sowing date, Effect,(under)Intercropping;Penni Effect,(under)Intercropping,Tanza- setum americanum:Legumes ,Yields, 0254 nia;Pennisetum americanum:Soybeans, Effect ;Eleusine coracana,Grain Grain yield, 0275 yield, 0517 Effect,India;Pennisetum americanum, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Canopy/ Yields, 0251 Temperatures, 0204 0252 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Micr Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Hybr- oclimate, 0204 ids,Nitrogen uptake, 0197 Speciation see, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Hybr- Domestication ids,Yields, 0197 Species, 0200 (as)Weeds;Setaria, Effect;Pennisetum 0989 americanum,Irri- Anatomy;Panicum, 0922 gation requirements, 0206 Chromosome number;Eleusine, 0482 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Nitr- Cochliobolus/Infection;:ragrostia, 0851 ogen fertilizers,Requirements, 0206 Control,Atrazine:Tridiphane;Digit Sowing depth, aria, 0688 Effect;Panicum coloratumGrass Control,Fungicides,lndia/Madhya establishment, 0727 Pradesh;Setaria italica,Phoma, 0651 Effect;Panicum decompositum,Grass Control,Herbicides;Echinochloa, 0839 establishment, 0727 Control,Herbicides;Setaria, 0668 Effect;Setaria porphyrantha,Grass Control,Oxadiazon;Digitaria, 0821 establishment, 0727 Control,Sethoxydim;Setaria, 0974 Sowing methods, Control,Thiobencarb;Echinochloa, 0838 Effect,(under)Dry farming,India; Control,Trifluralin;Echinochloa, 0840 Pennisetum americanum,Yields, 0215 Cytology;Eleusine, 0482 Effect,(under)Intercroppinglndia/ Digestibility,Mesophyll:Parenchyma, Madhya Pradesh;Eleusine coracana: Effect;Panicum, 0924 Soybean,Yields, 0420 Forage,Yields,Legumes,Effect;Seta Effect,(under)Intercropping,India/ ria, 0990

337 Forage/Quality,FreezingEffect; Paspalum, Infectivity:Viability,(in)Soils; Germplasm,Collectiono,Zambia;Penn_ 0947 Pennisetum americanum,Sclerospora graminicola, 0326 isetum, 0124 Grass establishmentAustralia;Bra_ Regenerative ability,(in)Culture chiaria, media;Pennisetum americanum, 0032 Grass establishment,Australia;Dig_ 0686 Sporobolus poiretii, itaria, Control,Dalapon:Tebuthiuron;Paspa_ 0686 lum notatum, Grass establishment,Australia;Pan_ 0956 icum, Sporulation:Growth; 0686 Pennisetum Interspecific hybridization;Eragr- americanum,Pyricularia penniseti, ostis, 0314 0675 Spray irrigation Interspecific hybridization;Paspa- see, lum, Sprinkler irrigation 0675 Sprinkler Interspecific hybridization;Penni- irrigation/Saline water, Effect;Pennisetum setum, americanum,Yields, 0191 Leaves,Anatomy:Forage/Quality,Rel_ 0675 Sprouts, ationship;Panicum, Carbon,Stems/Cutting,Effect;Brach 0681 iaria mutica, Leaves,Anatomy:Forage/QualityRel_ 0789 Nutritive value;Millets, ationship;Paspalum, 0392 Lignin,Separation;Digitaria, 0681 Sri Lanka; 0804 Pennisetum Ovules:Pollen,RatioChanges,(during) polystachyon,Ecology, 0731 Domestication;Eleusine, 0850 Pennisetum 0764 Pastures,Animal feeding,Australia; polystachyon,Germination, Panicum, Environmental factors,Effect, 0687 0763 Phenolic acids:Forage/Quality,Rel_ Pennisetum po]ystachyon,Growth, Nutrients,Effect, ationship;Digitaria, 0732 Pollen,Morphology;Setaria, 0804 Pennisetum polyttachyon,Growth, 0564 Plant density,Effect, Reproductive behaviour,Domesticat- 0732 ion,Effect;Eleusine, Pennisetum polystachyon,Grovth, 0470 Soil moisture,Effect, Taxonomy,Brazil;Panicum, 0732 0905 Stability, Weed competition,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect;Echinochloa, Genetic control;Pennisetum americ 0836 anum,Yields, Species:Varieties, 0116 Characters;Echinochloa, Starch, 0841 Chemico-physical Sphacelotheca destruens, properties,Heat treatment,Effect;Panicum Control,(by)Trace elements,USSR; miliaceum, 0605 Panicum miliaceum, Digestion,(by)AmylasesMicroscopy; 0598 Paspalum Sphacelotheca panici-miliacei scrobiculatum, '625 see, Milling Sphacelotheca destruens and baking quality,Heat treatment,Effect;Panicum Spikelets/Removal, miliaceum, 0604 Efftct;Pennisetum Size determination,(by)Apha-amyl_ americanum,Seed ase;Pennisetum americanum, 0369 quality, 0208 Starch/Accumulation, SpikeletsEffect;Panicum characteristics, maximum,Seed produ- Genetic analysis;Pennisetum ameri ction, canum x Pennisetum mollissimum, 0876 Fl hybrids, Spodoptera exempts; 0083 Pennisetum clandestinum,Poisoning, Starch/Accumulation; 0738 Pennisetum Spodoptera frugiperda; americanumSeedlings, 0083 Pennisetum mollissimum,Seedlings, Eleusine indica,Hosts, 0083 Sporangia, 0849 Starch see also, Dextrins Epidemiology;Pennisetum americanum, Sclerospora Starter dressings, graminicola, 0328 Spore gemination, Effect;Setaria anceps,Pasturea, Fungicides,Effect;Coix Establishment,Nitrogen lachryma- Effect;Setaria fertilizers, 0977 jobiUstilago coicis, sphacelata,Pastures, 0429 Establishment,Nitrogen Temperatures,Effect;Coix fertilizers, 0977 jobi,Ustilago lachryma- Steers; coisis, 0430 Spores, Brachiaria decumbens,Seed longevity, (in)Rumen, 0682

338 Panicum maximum,Grazing, 0920 Pennisetum americanum,Mutants, Panicum'maxi-t-,Seed longevity, (with)Cytoplasmic male sterility, (in)Rumen, 0682 Development, 0082 Pennisetum clandestinum,Seed long- Striga, evity,(in)Rumen, 0682 Infestation,EffectBotsvana;Millets, Stems, Yields, 0256 Tissues,Physiological variation; Structural genes, Pennisetum americanum, 0058 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Alco Stems/Cutting, hol dehydrogenase/Hobility, 0077 Effect;Brachiaria vutica,Sprouts, Mutations,Effect;Pennisetum aeri Carbon, 0789 canum,Phenotypes, 0076 Stems see also, Sudan; Stolons Pennisetum americanum,Germplasm, Sterility, Collections, 0086 Male see,ale sterility Pennisetum americanum,Variety tra Sterility and fertility see, ils, 0069 Fertility Sudan/ICRISAT; Stolons:Forage/Quality, Pennisetum americanum,Improvement, Grazing effects;Digitaria decumbens, 0819 Research, 0109 Stomata; Pennisetum americanum,Research, 0010 Eragrostis curvula,Chromosome num- Sulphur, ber,Determination, 0854 Effect,Sheep,Australia;Digitaria Stomata see also, pentzii,Feeds,Digestibility, 0825 Stomatal movement 0826 Stomatal movement, Sulphur coated urea:Ammonium nitrate, Leaf water potential,Effect;Penni- Effect;Digitaria decumbens,Dry setum americanum, 0048 matter,Yields, 0702 Water stress,Effect;Pennisetum Effect;Paspalum notatum,Dry matter, americanum, 0048 Yields, 0702 Stomatal movement:Water use:Growth, Summer, Relationship;Pennisetum americanum, 0044 India/Karnataka,Theses;Eleusine Stomatal resistance, coracana,Production cost, 0508 USA/Kansas;Pennisetum americanum, India/Karnataka,Theses;Eleusine Hybrids, 0198 coracana,Water use efficiezwy, 0508 Storage, India/Karnataka,Theses;Eleusine Cameroon;Pennisetum americanum, 0415 coracana,Yields, 0508 Storage; Surface irrigation, Echinochloa frumentacea,Silage, 0451 Effect,India,Theses;Eleusine cora Stored products pest control, cana, 0498 Burundi;Millets, 0362 Surface irrigation/Saline water, Stored products pests, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Yields, 0191 Mites,India/Haryana;Millets, 0361 Surfactauts, Stored products pests see also, Nonionic see also,Nonionic surfac Rodents tants Stover, Susceptibility/Cockafoot mottle virus, Silage,Nutritive value,Evaluation; Japan;Setaria italica, 0654 Coix lachryma-jobi, 0432 Japan;Setaria viridis, 0654 Yields,Genetics;Pennisetum americ- Susceptibility/Pyricularia grisea, anum,Genotypes, 0118 Temperatures,Effect;Eleusine cora Straw, cana,Leaves, 0536 Estimation,India;Pennisetum ameri- Susceptibility/Pyricularia oryzae, canuu, 0406 Temperatures,Effect;Eleusine cora Stray see also, cana,Leaves, 0536 Stover Susceptibility/Pyricularia setariae; Streptomyces cinnamomeous:Glozus Setaria italica,Seedlings, 0649 fasciculatus, Swine see, Interaction,E2fect;Eleusine corac- Pigs ana,Groth, 0496 Streptomycin:Mitomycin;

339 Systematics see, Taxonomy Effect;Echinocbloa utilis,Chemical Effect;Echinocbloa Tanzania;Pennisetum americanum:Legumes,Grain composition, 0442 yieldSpacingEffect,(under)inte_ ment:Growth, utilis,Develop- 0441 Effect;Echinochloa utilis,Growth, rcropping, 0442 Pennisetum 0277 aureusYields,Itercropping:Plan_americanum:Phaseolus Effect;Eleusine coracana,Leaves, Pyricularia grisea/Susceptibility, ting dateEffect, Effect;Eleusine coracana,Leaves, 0536 0268 Pyricularia oryzae/Susceptibility, Pennisetum americanum:Soybeans, 0269 Effect;Panicum,Leaves,Phospholipids, 0536 Effect;Panicum Grain yield,Sowing date,Effect, maximum,Development: 0899 (under)Intercropping, Growth, 0275 0890 Tanzania/ICRISAT. Effect;Panicum maximum,Emergence, 0895 Pennisetum americanum,Research Effect;Panicum nmximum,Heading: Taxonomy, 0010 Inflorescences:Seed production, 0708 Brazil;PanicumSpecies, Effect;Panicum maximum,Seedlings, 0905 Poland;Panicum miliaceum, Growth, 0556 0893 Taxonomy see also, Effect;Paspslum dilatatum,Fibre content, Numerical taxonomy 0940 Tebutiuron:Dalapon;ent, Effect;Paspalum notatum,Fibre 0940 Paspalum notatum,Sporobolus poire- con tiiControl, Effect;ennisetum americanum,Male Technology, 0956 sterility, 0123 Eat Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Nitr- ricanum,Processing, nine- ate reduction:Nitrate 0378 translocat India;Eleusine ion:Nitrate uptake, coracana,Yields, 0065 Improveent,Dry farming, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Nitr India;Pennisetum 0281 ogen metabolism, americanum,Culti- 0065 vation, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Prot- 0214 sin synthesis, India;PennisetumImprovement,Dry americanum,Yields, 0034 farming, Effect;Pennisetum India;Set-.ia 0281 germination, americanum,Seed italica,Yields,lmpr_ 0041 ovement,Dry farming, 0281 Effect;Pennisetum 0042 Technology; americanum,Trib- Pennisetum americanumYields Cult- olium castaneum,LarvaeDevelopment, ivation, Effect;Setaria ancepseeading:Inf_ 0358 0216 lorescences:Seed Economics,ludia;Pennisetum production, Technology/Adoption, amneric- 0708 Temperatures:WaterEffect,Theses;Panicum stress, anum,Grain yield, 0210 coloratum, Tepeiatures, Forage/Quality:yields 0858 Effect,Australia;Panicum Temperatures/Canopy, Germination, coloratum, Spacing,Effect;Pennisetum 0728 america Effect,Australia;Panicum num, decompos- 0204 itum,Germination, Temperatures see also, Effect,Australia;Pennisetum 0728 Air temperature clandestinum,Germination, Soil temperattre Effect,Australia;Setaria 0728 Testing, porphyra- Performance ntha,Germination, see,Performance testing Effect,Theses;Paspalum dilatatum, 0728 Tetraploids, Growth:Physiology, Chromosome pairing,(during)Meiosis; 0954 Effect;Coix lachryma-jobi,Ustilago Pennisetum americanum, Fertility;Pennisetum 0141 coisis,Svore germination, americanum, 0430 0141 Effect;Echinochloa Tetraploids:Diploids, mical composition, crus-galli,Che- 0442 Chromosomes,Behavioir;Paspalum, Embryonic Effect;Echinochloa crus-galli,Gro- development;Paspalum, 0952 wth, Pollen viability;Paspalum, 0952 0952 Effect;Echinochloa frumentacea, 0442 Tetraploids/Progeny, Aneuploidy;Pennisetum Development:Growth, americanum, 0441 Diploids;Pennisetum 0075 americanum, 0075

340 Brachiaria decumben,Grass hariad eb establ- Eleusine coracana:SoybeanGrowth: ishment, Yields,Planting methods:Phosphorus Brachiaria decumbens,Pastures,Gra- 0665 fertilizersEffect,(under)Interc_ zing,Cattle, ropping,India/Karnataka, Paspalum dilstatum,PasturesGrazing, 0680 Panicum coloratumForage/Quality: 0524 Yields,Temperatures:Water SetariaCattle, ancepsGrass stress, establishment, 0665 Setaria 0680 PanicumEffect, coloratum,Yields, sphacelata,PasturesGrazing 0909 Cattle, Panicum aximumForageMoisture Thawingkina 0680 content,Conservation methods,Bur Effect;Echinochloa Faso, crus-galli,Ger- 0709 mination, Panicum 0437 miliaceumControl,Cyanazine: Effect;Setaria glauca,Germination, EPTC, Thawing:Freezing, 0437 Paspalum dilatatum,EcotypesForage, J590 Effect;setaria lutescensGerminat. Yields, Theses; 0934 Paspalum dilatatum,Growth:Pbysiol_ 0976 Pennisetumogy,Temperatures,Effect, Eleusine americanum,Breeding, 0954 coracana,Farming systems, Economic evaluation,India/Karnat_ (for)Populationslmprovement, aka, Pennisetum americanum,Cultivation 0161 Eleusine 0525 methods,Oxisols,Brazil, coracanaGene interaction, Yield components, Pennisetum americanumDrought 0169 Eleusine coracanaGenotypes,Growth: 0487 istance,Screening,Techniques, res- Yields,Paper mill Pennisetum americanumDwarfism, 0147 sludge,Effect, 0509 0089 Eleusine coracanaGenotypes,Nitrate Pennisetum americanumForage,Yields, reductase/Activity,Light Seed treatmentEffect, intensity: 0196 Nitrate fertilizersEffect, Pennisetum americanum,Forage,Yields, Eleusine 0478 Sowing coracanaNutrient uptake: methods,Effect, Water use efficiency:Yields,Nitr_ Pennisetum americanumGenotype 0196 ogen-phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, environment interaction,Water 0520 Pennisetumstress, Eleusine coracana,Production amcricanum,Genotypes, 0147 (during)Sumerndia/Karnataka,cost, Yields,Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect, Eleusine 0508 (under)Rain-fed coracana,Surface irrigat- farming, ion,Effect,India, Pennisetum 0226 americanum,Grain yield, Eleusine coracana,Varieties,Emerg_ 0498 Water stress,Effect,Genetic ence:Germination:Vigour,Seed ysis, anal- har- 0147 deningEffect, Pennisetum americanum,lnflorescen_ Eleusine coracana,Water 0479 use effic- cesInfestationMasalia iency,(during)Summer,lndia/Karna Sahel, nubila, 0357 taka, Pennisetm americanumInforesce Eleusine coracana,Water 0508 cesInfestation,Raghuva use effic- albipunc- iency,India, tella,Sahel, Eleusine 0498 Pennisetum 0357 coracanaYield components, americanumlnflorescen- Heritability, ceslnfestationRaghuva Eleusine 0487 Sahel, bordati, coracana,Yield losses, (due Pennisetum 0357 Eleusineto)Pyricularia grisea, americanum,Phosphorus: coracana,Yields,(during) 0538 Zinc,Uptake,Calcium Effect, carbonate, Summer,India/Karnataka, 0233 Eleusine coracana,YieldsGenetics 0508 Pennisetum americanumPhosphorus: Eleusine coracana,Yields,Pyrcula_ 0487 Zinc,Uptake,Farmyard manure,Effect, 0233 ria grisea/Incidence,Effect, Pennisetum americanum,Phosphorus: Eleusine coracana,YieldsSoil 0538 Zinc,UptakePhosphorus moi- Effect, fertilizers, sture,Effect,lndia, 0233 Eleusine coracana:Lucerne,Gro 0498 Pennisetum Yields,Planting uh: amex'icanum,Phosphorus: fertilizers,Effect,(under)Interc_methodsPhosphorus Zinc,UptakeZinc ropping,India/Karnataka, ect, fertilizers,Eff 0524 Pennisetum americanum,Quantitative 0233 traits,Water stress,EffectGenetic

341 Pennisetumanalysis, americanum,YieldsCalc_ 0147 Genetics;Pennisetum ium Genotypes, americanum, .carbonate,Effect, 0118 Pennisetum americanum,YieldsFarm_ 0233 Tissue culture, yard manure,Effect, Embryonic developmnet(Somatic); 0233 Pennisetum Pennisetum americanum, americanumYieldsPhos_ 0156 phorus fertilizers,Effect, Tisue culture; Pannisetum americanum,Yields,Zinc 0233 Paaicum maximum,Embryogenesis(Som_ atic), fertilizers,Effect, 0883 Pennisetum americanum:Soyebeans, 0233 Tissues, Dry me (for)Embryogenesis(omatic),(in) opping,Effect, Culture media;Pennisetum 0263 Inflorescences, purpureum, PennisetumProtein americanum:Soybeans, 0776 composition,Intercropping, Chemical Effect, americanum,Seedlings,Roots,composition;Pennisetum 0056 Pennisetum americanum:Soybeans, 0263 Chemical composition;Pennisetum americanum,SeedlingsShoots, Yieldslntercropping,Effect, Pennisetum 0263 0056 Yields,Plantingamericanum:Soybeans, methods,Effect, MitochondriaIsolation;Panicum miicu,Lves, 0561 (under)Intercropping, Nucleic acids:Proteins,Localizatioi; 06 0263 Pennisetum americanum:Soybeans, Pennisetum americanum,Anthers, 0062 Yields,Sowing rates,Effect,(under) Nucleic acids:ProteinsLocalization; Intercropping, Setaria italicaAnthers, 0263 0062 Penaisetum americanum:Soybeans, Physiological variation;Pennisetum Yields,SpacingEffect,(under)int_ americanum,Stems, 0058 ercropping, Tissues see also, Pennisetum 0263 Aleurone americanum(Male sterile) layer Bundle sheath ,Male fertility/Restoration,Gene_ tics, Callus Pennisetum purpureum,Consumption: 0148 Epidermis DigestibilityLambs,Africa, Mesophyll 0734 Pennisetum purpureum,Cultural Parenchyma hods,Effect,Egypt, met- Togo; 0733 Pennisetum purpureum,Forage,Moist_ Pennisetum americanum,Production, ure content,Conservation Tolyposporjum 0411 methods, penicillariae, Burkina Faso, Chemical control;Pennisetum 0709 ameri Pennisetum purpureum,Response, canum, Tolyposporium 0304 (to)Fertilizers,Egypt, penicillariae/Resi,ta- Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum 0730 nce, americanum,Hybrids,Feeds,Nutritive Mali;Pennisetum americanum,Variety value, trials, 0311 Setaria italica,Breeding, 0737 Toxicosis see, Setaria 0633 italica,Protein composition, Poisoning Trace element Hydrolysis, fertilizers:NPK ferti- Thiobencarb; 0656 lizers, Echinochloa,Species Control, Effect ;Digitaria dectnbens,Compos Tillage, 0838 ition:Yields, 0704 Effect,(under)Dry farming,India; Effect;Paspalum notatum,Composition: Pennisetum Yields, americanumYields, 0704 Effect,(under)Dry farming,India; 0215 Trace elements, Setaria italica,Yields, Effect;Millets,Development:Growth, 0215 0237 Effect,India/Rajasthan;Pennisetum USSR;Panicum miliaceum,Sphaceloth_ americanum,Bulk eca destruens,Control, density, 0220 0598 Effect,India/Rajasthan;Pennisetum Trace elements see also, americanum,Root distribution, Boron Tiller/Removal, 0220 Iron Magnesium Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Seed quality, Zinc 0208 Tillering,

342 Tracer s~udies; Tridiphane:Atrazine; Pennisetum americanum:Legumes,Yie- Digitaria,Species,Control, 0688 Ids,Phosphorus residual effect, Echinochloa crus-galliControl, 0688 (under)Rotations, 0231 Setaria faberi,Control, 0688 Training, 0973 Africa;Millets, 0002 Setaria viridis,Control, 0688 0003 Tridiphane:Atrazine:Cyanazine; Middle East;Millets, 0002 Panicum dichotomiflorum,Control, 0861 Trampling, Trifluralin; Effect;Pennisetum clandestinum, Echinochloa,Species,Control, 0840 Nitrogen cycle, 0755 Setaria pumila,Control, 0981 Transformations; Trifluralin:YLetribuzin:Napropamide; Pennisetum americanum:Pennisetum Digitaria sanguinalis,Control, 0679 squamulatum,Germplasm, 0091 Eleusine indica,Control, 0679 Translocation, Triploids, Chromosome see,Chronosome translo- Cytogenetics,India;Coix aquatica, 0425 cation Trisomics, Cropping systems,Effect;Pennisetum Chromosome number;Pennisetum amer americanum:Chickpeas,Zinc, 0228 icanum, 0119 Translocation; 0120 0152 Panicum coloratum,Roots,Photosynt- Cytology;Pennisetum americanum, 0120 hates, 0066 0152 Paspalum notatum,Roots,Photosynth- Fertility;Pennisetum americanum, 0152 ates, 0066 Morphology;Pennisetum americanum, 0152 Pennisetum americanum,Roots,Photo- Trisomics; synthates, 0066 Pennisetum americanum, 0155 Translocation:Uptake; Trisomy, Pennisetum americanum,Metalaxyl, 0064 (effect on)Meiosis;Pennisetum ame Translocation:Uptake:Metabolism; ricanum, 0121 Setaria italica,Fluazifop-butyl, 0631 Cytology;Peunisetum americanum, 0119 Transpiration:Leaf temperature:Leaf Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Meio water potential, sis, 0121 Meteorological factors,Effect, Trisomy:Heterozygosity, (in)Flooded land,Philippines;Ech- Coincidence;Pennisetum americanum, 0159 inochloa crus-galli, 0449 Tropical Africa; Trials; Pennisetum americanum:Cowpeas,Rot Pennisetum americanum,Varieties, ations,Water requirements, 0207 Adaptation, 0105 Tropical countries see, Trials see also, Tropics Variety trials Tropical soils, Trianthema monogyna, India;Eleusine coracana,Yields, Control,2,4-D;Pennisetum americanum, 0297 Green manures:Organic fertilizers, Control,Atrazine;Pennisetum ameri- Effect, 0492 canum, 0297 Tropics; Tribolium castaneum, Brachiaria mutica,Forage,Rabbit ;Pennisetum americanum,Seeds,Infe- feeding, 0712 station, 0332 Echinochloa polystachya,Fo:.age, Larvae,Development,Relative humid- Rabbit feeding, 0712 ity,Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0358 Pennisetum americanum,Insect pests, 0340 LarvaeDevelopmentTemperatures, Pennisetum purpureum,Cultivation, 0746 Effect;Pennisetum americanum, 0358 Pennisetum purpureum,Forage,Robbit Olfactory organs,Response;Pennise- feeding, 0712 tum americanum,Volatile compounds, 0359 Trypsin inhibitors, Tribolium castaneum; Isolation;Pennisetum americanum, 0035 Pennisetum americanum,Flours,Infe- USA; station, 0332 Panicum amarum,Forage, 0863 Trichodesma sedgwickianum:Pennisetum Panicum dichotomiflorum,(as)Weeds, 0689 americanum, Pennisetum americanum,Blissus leu Allelopathy 0288 copterus/Resistance,Inheritance, 0364

343 Setaria viridis,(as)Weeds, 0689 Panicum USA/Arizona; miliaceum,Cultivation,Agr_ Eragrostis merwatsucurvulaYields,Copper mine aesCppemird Oclimatic regions, astes,Effect(in)Semiarid Pay icum miliaceum,Forage,Yields, 0576 climate, Panicum miliaceiim,GrowthCooling, 0581 Eragrostis 0852 Effect, lehnmnnianaYieldsCop_ 0568 per mine wastes,Effect,(in)Semia_ Panicum miliaceumMutants,(for) rid climate, Breeding efficiency, 0570 Eragrostis superba,Yields,Copper 0852 Panicum miliaceumPhotosynthesis, mine Cooling,Effect, wastes,Effect,(in)Semiarid 0568 Panicum miliaceum,Plant cl 'mate, 0852 Air temperature:Precipitation, height, Panicum antidotle,YieldsCopper mine astes,Effect,(in)Semiarid Effect, climate, Panicum 0577 miliaceum,Plant height: USA/California; 0852 Yields,Relationship, 0577 Pennisetum clandestnumCultivation Panicum miliaceum,Sphacelotheca USA/Florida; 0777 destruens,Control,(by)Trace elem Digitaria,CultivarsForage, ents, 0598 0827 Panicum miliaceum,Variety Echinochloa polystachya:Legumes, trials, Yields,(under)Mixed cropping, Arid regions, Paspalum notatum,ForageYield 0695 Panicum miliaceum,Yields,Climatic C573 los- factors,Effect, ses,(due to)Scapteriscun 0375 Paspalum notatum,Pastures,Damage,vicinus, 0962 Ultrastructure; Pennisetum americanum,Seeds, Scapteriscus acletus:Scapteriacus 0162 vicinus, Upland soils, Paspplum notatum:Legumes,Yields, 0963 (in)Wet season,India/Orissa;Eleus_ ine coracana:LegumesIntercropping, (under)Mixed cropping, 0526 0695 Upper US//Kansa; Volta see, Pennisetum americanumHybridsSto_ Burkina Faso matal resistance, Uromyces setariae/Infection, Pennisetum 0198 americanum,HybridsWater Effect;Setaria italica,Chemical composition:Nutritive use efficiency, value, 0650 Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids,Yie_ 0198 Uses, Bibliographies;Millets, lds, 0394 Pennisetum americanum:SorghumHyb_ 0198 Uses:Processing, Nigeria;Pennisetum rids,Yields,Comparison, americanum, 0396 0199 Ustilago coicis, USA/Louisiana; Paspalum dilatatum,Dry matter,Yie- Control,(by)Seed IdsEvaluation, Fungicides;Coix treatment,(with) Paspalum 0959 lachryma-jobi, notatum,Dry matter,Yields, Control,Seed treatment,Japan;Coix 0429 Evaluation, lachryma-jobi 0431 0959 Spore germination,Fungicides,Effect; USA/Nebraska; Digitaria sanguinalis,Control,Her_ Coix lachryma-jobi, bicides, Ustilago coisis, 0429 Panicum 0674 Spore dichotomiflorum Control germinationTemperatures, Herbicides, Effect;Coix lachryma-jobi, 0430 Panicum miliaceum,Variety 0674 Ustilago parodoxa/Incidence, trials, 0572 India/Maharashtra;Echinochloa USA/Oklahoma; fru- Panicum scribnerianum,Grazing mentacea, 0457 bah- aviour,Fertilizer l'erbicide Ustilago parodoxa/Resistance, comb- Screening;Echinochloa inations,Effect,Cattle, frumentacea, Panicum 0455 virgatlumGrazing behaviour, 0859 Vapour/Mercury, Fertilizer Uptake;Digitaria herbicide combinations, sanguinalis, 0558 Uptake;Panicum miliaceum, EffectCattle, 0558 0859 Variations, USSR; Millets,Plant rhabdoviruses,Morph_ Evaluation;Pennisetum Acetylene reduction,(by)Bacteria,americanum, ology, 0175 0338 Variations Panicum see also, Effect, miliaceum,AB/,:IAA,Cooling, Genetic variation 0569 Heterothalism

344 Varieties, Iudia;Panicum miliare, 0616 Acigona ignefusalis/Resistance, Claviceps ricrocephala/Resistance, Evaluation,Hali;Pennisetur ameri- lali;Pennisetum americanum, 0311 canum, 0351 Fungal diseases/Resistance;Pennis Adtptation,Trials;Pennisetum amer- etum americanum, 0310 icanum, 0105 lndia/Bihar;Panicum miliaceum, 0574 Cropping systems,lnteraction;Penn- India/Bihar;Panicum miliare, 0619 isetum americanum:Soybeans, 0265 Nepal;Eleusine coracana, 0489 Cultivation,(under)Rtotations,Roma- 0490 nia;Panicum miliaceum, 0582 Sclerospora graminicola/Resistance, Emergence:Cermination:Vigour,Seed Hali;Pennisetum americenum, 0311 hardeningEffect,Theses;Eleusine Tolyposporium penicillariae/Resis coracana, 0479 tance,Mali;Pennisetum americanum, 0311 Forage,Nutritive value;Pennisetum USA/Nebraska;Panicum miliaceum, 0572 americanum, 0391 Vegetative period; Forage,Yields,India/Bihar;Pennise- Echinochloa crus-galli,Chemical tum pedicellatum, 0765 composition:Digestibility:Nutrit Forage,Yields;Pennisetum americanum, 0391 ive value,Changes, 0460 Germination,Anaerobiosis;Ecbinoch- Vertisols, 1oa crus-galli, 0438 Review articles;Pennisetu. americ 0439 anum,Yields,Nitrogen-phosphorus Germination,Metabolic inhibitors, fertilizers,Effect, 0168 Effect;Echinochloa crus-galli, 0438 Vertisols:Alfisols; 0439 Pennisetum americenum,Root distri Growth,Geographical distribution, bution:Soil profiles:Water balance, Effect;Eleusine coracana, 0480 Relationship, 0194 Harvest index:YieldsRelasionship; Vertisols see also, Eleusine coracana, 0504 Brigalov soils Hybridization,Hethods;Setaria if-- Viability, lica, 0635 Seed storage,Effect;Pennisetum Male aterility,Nigeria;Pennisetum americanum,Seeds, 0380 americanum, 0070 Viability:Infectivity, Nutritive vate;Millets, 0371 (in)Soils;Pennisetum americanum, Nutritivc value;Pennisetum americ- Sclerospora graminicola,Spores, 0326 anum, 0371 Viability see also, Performance testing,Nepal;Eleusine Pollen viability coracana, 0488 Vigour:Emergence:Germinetion, Polysacchrides;Setaria italica, 0659 Seed hardening,Effect,Theses;Eleu Protein composition;Setaria italica, 0660 sine coracana,Varieties, 0479 Sclerospora graminicola,Pathogeni- Viruses, city;Pennisetum americanum, 0329 Philippines;Digitaria sanguiun'lis, 0670 Yields,India/Bihar;Panicum miliac- Philippines;Echinochloa colonwi, 0670 eum, 0574 Philippines;Paspalum conjugatum, 0670 Yields,Phenotypic stability,India; Viruses see also, Eleusine coracans, 0507 Cocksfoot mottle virus Yields;Panicum maximum, 05b4 Plant rhabdoviruses Varieties:Species, Vitamin B:Amino acids, Characters;Echinochloa, 0841 Losses,(due to)Cooking,India/Andhra Varieties(Sweet stalk), Pradesh;Eleusine ccracana,Food Evaluation;Pennisetum 4mericanum, 0142 products, 0397 Varieties see also, Losses,(due to)Cooking,India/Andhra Composite varieties Pradesb;Pennisetum americanum, Cultivars Food products, 0397 High yielding varieties Losses,(due to)Cooking,India/Andhra Variety trails, Pradesh;Setaria italicaFood pro Sudan;Pennisetum americanum, 0069 ducts, 0397 Variety trials, Vitamins, Arid regions,USSR;Panicum miliaceum, 0573 Losses,(due to)Cooking;Millets, 0373 Atherigona miliaceae/Resistance,

345 Vitamins see also, Effect,Genetic analysis,Theses; Vitamin B Vitvax; Pennisetum EffectGeneticamericanum,Grain yield, 0147 Pennisetum americanum,Puccinia analysis,Theses; penniseti,Control, Pennisetum americanum,Quantitative 0316 traits, Volatile compounds, 0147 Effect;Eleusine coracana,Leaves, Tribolium castaneum,O1factory organs,Response;Pennisetum Ornithine-oxo-acid aminotransfer americanum, 0359 ase,Kinetics, Volatile constituents 0472 see, Effect;Eleusine Volatile compounds coracana,Seedlings, Water, Acid phosphatase:Proteins:Pyropb osphatases, 0471 Effect;Pennisetum germination:Seedlingamericanum,Seed Effect;Pennisetum emergence, 0029 rcropping, americanum,Inte Water/Loss, 0273 (from)SoilF,Senegal;Pennisetum Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Stom- atal americanum:Groundnuts,Sequential movement, 0048 cropping, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Yields, 0278 0049 Water absorption; 0273 Panicum. Effect;Setaria viridis,Seed maximm,Leaves, 0721 germi Paspalum natirn, notatum,Leaves, 0721 0979 Water availability, Osmotic adaptation,Evaluation;Pen nisetum americanum, Effect,Australia;Panicum coloratum, 0047 Seedling emergence, 0728 0050 Effect,Australia;Pennisetum Research,ICRISAT;Pennisetum ameri cland- canum,Response, eatinum,Seedling 0262 emergence, 0728 Theses;Pennisetum Effect,Australia;Setaria porphyra- americanum,leno type environment interaction, ntha,Seedling emergence, 0147 Effect;Panicum 0728 Water stress; decompositum,Seedl- Panicum ing emergence, maximum, 0760 0728 Pennisetum Water balance; clandestinum, 0760 Water stress:Diurnal Pennisetum americanum,Soil moisture, variation, Evaluation, Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Leaves, 0167 ABA/Accumulation, Water balance:Root distribution:Soil 0049 Water stress:Temperatures, profiles, Relationship,Alfisols:Vertisols; Effect,Theses;Panicum Forage/Quality:Yields,coloratum, Pennisetum americanum, 0858 0194 Water Water balance see use:Growth:Stomatal movement, also, Relationship;Pennisetum Runoff americanum, 0044 Water harvesting, Water use efficiency, Effect,Semiarid (during)Summer,lndia/Karnataka, zones,India;Millets Theses;Eleusine coracana, 0508 Yields, 0195 Effe t;Pennisetum Water americanum,Yieldo, 0165 Pennisetumrelations; americanum, India,Theses;Eleusine 0046 India/Gujarat;Pennisetumcoracana, 0498 Water relations see americanum, 0193 also, Irrigation Osmotic pressure scheduling/Method,Effect, Soil moisture India/Andhra Pradesh;Eleusine coracana, Water stress 0500 Water requirements, USA/Kansas;Pennisetum americanum, Tropical Africa;Penniserum americ- Water 0198 anum:Cowpeas,Rotations, use efficiency; 0207 Panicum virgatum,Forage, Water requirements see also, 0880 Pennisetum americanum, Irrigation requirements 0040 Water use efficiency.Yields:Nutrient Water see also, Brackish water uptake, Nitrogen-phosphorus Irrigation water fertilizers, Saline water Effect,India,Theses;Eleusine cor scans, Water stress, 0520 Water use see also, Control,(by)Agronomic practices; Water use efficiency Millets, 0219

346 sancguinalis, 0797 South Africa;Digitaria South Africa ;Eleusine indica, 0842 see, 0689 Watering USA;Panicum dichotomiflorum, Irrigation viridis, 0689 Waxes, USA;Setaria Chemical composition;Panicum mili- 06' Weeds;S0596 Panicum mi0iaceum,96 aceum,Leaves, 0989 0ic9 texa- Chemical comPosition;Panicum 0606 Setaria,Species, numLeaves, also, ital- Weeds see Chemical compositin;Setaria 0606 Berberis icaLeaves, Bothriochloa pertusa Weaning, Brachiaria brizantha aMalt, 0550 Foods;Eleui e coraca Brachiariappatyphylla Weater, ;Pennisetum Effect,India/GuiJaratamericanum,Claviceps fusiformis/ Cenchrus ciliaris rotundus i0331 Cyperus Incec ce Digitaria ischaemlum Weed competition, sanguiecalis Nitrogen fertDigitaria 0836 Echinochloa crus-galli ochloa,Species, Eleusine indica Weed competition; 0971 Panicum dichotomiflor%m lutescens, Setaria 0971 Panicum maiicum Setaria viridis, Panicum Liliaceum Weed control, Paiicum virgatum 2,4-D, India/aharastra;Pennisetum 0298 Paspalum dilatatum americdanum, Paspalum distichum (by)Cultivation,lndia/Rajasthan; 0203 Paspalum notatum americanum, virgatum Alachlor:2,4-D:Simazine;EleusinePennisetum Paspalum 0533 PeganumSetaria harmala faberi Alaccor acana, 2,D ° " glauca a /M a ;Fenni 0298 Setaria Atrazin e,Indi harashtra etum americanum, Setaria lutescens Effect,(under)Intercropping;Oetaria 0648 Setaria pumila italica:Soybean,Yields, Setaria viridis Glyphosate:ParaquatNigeria;Penni- 0293 Sporobolus poiretii setum americanum, 0878 Trianthema monogyfa Herbicides;Panicum virgatum, Trichodesma sedgwickianum coracana, 0530 Neburon:2,4-D;Eleusine 0531 Weed competition Propanil;Eleusine coracana, control coracana, 0290 Weed Research,Ildia;Eleusine Africa, america- West america Research,lndia;Pennisetum Bibliographies ;Pennisetum 0290 zones, 0401 num, num,Marketing,Semiarid americ Weed control articles;Pennisetum 0295 Review zones, 0402 Pennisetu americanum, anum,Marketing, Smiarid amer icanum:Legumes,Int- also, Pennisetum 0271 West Africa see ercropping, Burkina Faso Weed control see also, Gambia Herbicides Ghana Weeding Ivory Coast Weeding/Timing, Mai frumentacea, Effect ;Echinochloa 0532 Niger Yields, Nigeria coracana,Yields, 0529 Effect;Eleusine 0532 Senegal Sierra Leone Weedkillers see, Togo Herbicides Wet season, coracana Weeds, India/OrissaEleusine coracana,Soil def- 0526 Effect;Eleusine 0528 Legumes,lntercropping,(on)UPlandsoils, iciencies, americ- Review articles;Pennisetum 0289 anum, 347 Wetlands; Florida;Paspalum notatumForage, Echinochloa frumentacea,Yields, 0962 (due to)Sclerospora graminicola/ Farmyard manure,Application meth- Incidence;Pennisetum americanum, 0324 ods,Effect, 0450 Yields, Wines, (during)Summer,lndis/Karnataka, China;Millets, 0400 Theses;Eleusine Winter, coracana, 0508 (under)Agroforestry Effect;Panicum system;Pennis coloratum,Forage, etuv americanum, Potassium 0258 content, 0691 (under)Dry farming,India;Pennisetum Effect;Paspalum plicatulum,Forage, americanum,Forage, 0257 Potassium content, 0691 (under)Intercropping,Mountain Xanthomonas annamalaiensis, areas, Nepal;Eleusine coracana:Maize, 0527 Mali;Pennisetum americanum,Infest- (under)Intercropping;Brachiaria ation, 0312 miliiformis:Legumes, Xylenes, 0716 (under)Intercropping;Panicum maxi Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Seed mum:Legumes, germination:Seedling 0716 emergence, 0029 (under)Intercropping;Pennisetum Yellow leaf disease, americanum:Wheat, Effect;Eleusine 0258 coracana,Yields, 0534 (under)Intercropping;Pennisetum Yield components, purpureum:White popinac, 0769 Comparison;Pennisetum americanum, (under)Intercropping;Setaria ital Yopulations:Progeny, 0092 ica:Cotton, Heritability,Theses;Eleusine 0647 cora- (under)Mixed cropping,Brazil;Brac cana, 0487 hiaria humidicola:Legumes, Theses;Eleusine 0685 coracana,Gene int- (under)Mixed croppingBrazil;Pani eraction, 0487 cum maximum:Legumes, Yield components:Protein 0685 composition, (underMixed cropping,Brazil;Pasp Genetic variation,Path coefficients; alum plicatulum:Legumes, 0685 Pennisetum : iericanum,Inbred lines, 0143 (under)Mixed Yield cropping,Brazil;Seta components see also, ria sphacelata:Legumes, Harvest index 0685 (under)Mixed croppingIndia/Kerala; Yield factors, Panicum maximum,Forage, China;Setaria 0703 italica, 0641 (under)Mixed cropping,India/Kerala; Yield increases, Pennisetum purpureum,Hybrids,For (by)Rock phosphate,Mycorrhizas, age, 0703 Inoculation,Effect,Brazil.Paspalum (under)Mixed plicatulum, cropping,USA/Florida; 0932 Echinochloa polystachya:Legumes, Agronomic practices,(under)Dry 0695 (under)Mixed cropping,USA/Florida; farmingIndia;Millets, 0218 Paspalum notatum:Legumes, Yield increases; 0695 (under)Rotations;Pennisetum ameri Paspalum notatum,Recurrent select- canum:Groundnuts, 0179 ion, 0931 Agronomic yield practices;Pennisetum losses, americanum (due to)Atherigona 0216 simplex,India/ Ammonium nitrate:Sulphur coated Madhya Pradesh;Paspalum scrobicu- urea,Effect;Digitaria latum, decumbens, 0624 Dry matter, (due to)Diatraea 0702 grandiosella,Inf- Ammonium nitrate:Sulphur estation/Timing,Effect;Pennisetum coated urea,Effect;Paspalum notatum,Dry americanum, 0354 matter, (due 0702 to)Diatraea grandiosella,Pla- Animal manures:Fertilizers,Effect; nting date,Effect;Pennisetum ame- Pennisetum purpureum,Dry ricanum, matter, 0754 0354 Au~iralia;Panicum coloratum, (due to)Eeliothis 0885 armigera;Pennis- Australia;Setaria sphacelata etum americanum, x 0353 Setaria splendida,Hybrids, 0982 (due to)Pyricularia grisea,Theses; Azospirillum,Inoculation,Effect; Eleusine coracana, 0538 Panicum miliaceum, 0180 (due to)Pyricularia grisea;Eleusine Azoapirillum,Inoculation,Effect; coracana, 0539 Panicum miliaceum,Forage, 0638 (due to)Scapteriscus vicinus,USA/ Azospirillum,Inoculation,Effect;

548 Pennisetum americanum, 0180 Cutting frequency:Climatic factors, Azospirillum,Inoculation,Effect; Effect,Japan;Pennisetum purpureum, Setaria italica, 0180 Dry matter, 0693 Azospirillum,Inoculation,Effect; 0694 Setaria italica,Forage, 0638 Cutting height,Effect;Brachiaria Azospirillum brasilenseInc Lation, decumbens,Dry matter, 0720 Effect,Israel;Panicum miliaceum, 0639 Cutting heightEffect;Setaria apl Azospirillum brasilenseInoculation, endida,Dry matter, 0720 Effect,Israel;Setaria italica, 0639 Cytoplasm,Effect;Pennisetum ameri Brackish water/Irrigation,Effect; canum,Hybrida,Dry matter, 0103 Pennisetum americanum,Genotypes, 0192 Deforestation,Effect;Panicum maxi Brazil;Pennisetum americanum,Silage, 0384 r-m, 0918 Calcium carbonate,Effect,Theses; Diallel analysis;Pennisetum ameri Pennisetum awericanum, 0233 canum,Inbred lines,Forage, 0087 Catch croppingEffect,(on)Irrigated Double cropping,Effect,(on)Irriga soils;Millets, 0279 ted soils;Millets, 0279 Celosia argentea,Effect;Pennisetum Drought,Effect,Arid regions,India; americanum, 094 Pennisetum americanum, 0166 Climatic factors,Effect,USSR;Pani- Drought tolerance,Eff~ct;Pennisetum cum miliaceum, 0575 americanum, 0040 Clovers,Effect;Paspalum notatum, Environmental factors,Effect;Pasp Forage, 0937 alum dilatatum,Dry matter, 0941 Combining ability,Studies,(by)Dia- Environmental factors,Effect;Pasp llel crossing;Pennisetum america- alum notatum,Dry matter, 0941 num,Inbred lines, 0140 Evaluation,USA/Louisiana;Paspalum Combustion:Planting date,Effect; dilatatum,Dry matter, 0959 Panicum maximum,Forage, 0898 Evaluation,USA/Louisiana;Paspalum Comparison,USA/Kansas;Pennisetum notatuin,Dry matter, 0959 americanum:Sorghum,Hybrids, 0199 Farmyard manure,Application methods, Copper mine wastes,Effect,(in)Sem- Effect,(in)Wetlands;Echinochloa iarid climate,USA/Arizona;Eragro- frumentacea, 0450 stis curvula, 0852 Farmyard manure,Effect,India;Penn Copper mine wastes,Effect,(in)Sem- isetum americanum, 0241 iarid climate,USA/Arizona;Eragro- Farmyard manure,Effect,Theses;Pen stis lebmanniana, 0852 nisetum americanum, 0233 Copper mine wastes,Effect,(in)Sem- Farmyard manure:Nitrogen fertiliz iarid climate,USA/Arizona;Eragro- ers,Effect,tunder)Rotations;Penn stis superba, 0852 isetum americanum:Wheat, 0242 CoF; mine vastes,Effect,(in)Sem- Fertilizer combinations,Effect, iarid climate,USA/Arizona;Panicum India/Haryana;Pennisetum america antidotale, 0852 num,Hybrids, 0246 Cropping systems,Effect,India;Pen- Fertilizers,Efiect,(under)Intercr nisetum americanum, 0251 opping;Setaria italica:Soybean, 0648 0252 Fertilizers,Effect,(under)Irrigated Cropping systems,Evaluation,India; conditions,Australia;Brachiazia Pennisetum americanum:Legumes, 0257 mutica,Dry matter, 0790 Cultivation,Effect,India/Rajasthan; Fertilizers,Effect;Panicum virgatum, Pennisetum americanum, 0203 Forage, 0913 Cultivation,Technology;Pennisetum Fertilizers:Soil management,Effect; americanum, 0216 Pennisetum americanum,High yield Cultivation methods,China;Setaria ing varieties, 0285 italics, 0641 Genetics,Theses;Eleusine coracana, 0487 0642 Genetics;Pennisetum americanum, Cutting frequency,Effect,Puerto Genotypes,Stover, 0118 Rico;Panicum maximum,Forage, 0919 Genotype environment interaction; Cutting frequency:Climatic factors, Setaria italicaCultivars, 0640 Effect,Japan;Panicum maximum,Dry Grazing,Effect;Paspalum dilatatum, matter, 0693 Pastures, 0951 0694 Green manures:Organic fertilizers,

349 Effect,(in)Tropical soils,India; icanum,Hybrids, Eleusine 0234 coracana, 0492 Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect,(under) Gypsum,Effect,(in)Sodic soils;Pan- Rain-fed farming,India;Eleusine icum antidotale, 0882 coracana, Gypsum,Effect,(in)Sodic 0513 soils;Pan- Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect,(under) icum laevifolium, 0882 Rain-fed Harvesting,Effect;Panicum farming,Theses;Pennisetum maximum, 0897 americanum,Genotypes, Harvesting/TimingEffect;Pennisetum 0226 Nitrogen fertilizersEffect,(under) americinum, 0211 Rotations,India/Raryana;Pennisetum Improvement,Dry farming,Technology, americanum:Wheat, India;Eleusine 0284 coracana, 0281 Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect,(under) Improvement,Dry farming,Technology, Sequential IndiaPennisetum cropping;Eleusine cor americanum, 0281 acana:Cotton:Sorghum, Improvement,Dry 0523 farming,Technology, Nitrogen fertilizers,EffectIndia; India;Setaria italics, 0281 Eleusine coracana, India/Bihar;Panicum 0512 miliaceum,Var- Nitrogen fertilizersEffect,India/ ieties, 0574 Haryana;Pennisetum americanum, India/Bihar;Pennisetum pedicellatum, Varieties,Forage, Hybrids, 0244 0765 Nitrogen fertilizer,!,Fffect,Japan; India/Orissa;Eleusine coracana, 0503 Panicum maximum, 0888 Intercropping,Effect,Theses;Penni- Nitrogen setum fertilizers,Effec ,,ow americanum:Soybeans, 0263 Zealand;Paspalum,Forage, Intercropping:Planting 0958 date,Effect, Nitrogen Tanzania;Pennisetum fertilizers,Effect;Panicum, americanum: Dry matter, Phaseolus 0904 aureus, 0268 Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect;Panicum 0269 Irrigation,Effect;Pennisetum virgatum, 0886 purp- Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect;Panicum ureum, 0753 virgatum,Dry Legumes,Effect;Setaria,Species, matter, 0874 Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect;Paspa Forage, 0990 lum notatum,Forage, Light,Effect,(under)Intercropping, 0937 Nitrogen ICRISAT;Pennisetum fertilizers,Effect;Penni americanum: setum purpureum, Groundnuts, 0772 0282 Nitrogen uptake,Effect;Pennisetum Liming:Magnesium fertilizers:Pota- americanum, 0222 asium fertilizers,Effect,(in)Acid Phenotypic soils;Eleusine stability,India;Eleusine coracana, 05)5 coracana,Varieties, Magnesium,EffectIndia;Eleusine 0507 Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, coracana, 0491 (in)Grassland Mulches,Effect,India/Rajasthan; soils,Nigeria;Pani cum maximum, Pennisetum 0856 americanum, 0170 Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, Mycorrhizas,Ilnoculation,Effect, (on)Oxisols,Colombia;Brachiaria India;Eleusine coracana, 0497 decumbens, NPK fertilizersEffect,(under)Rot- 0783 Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect, ations,India/Haryana;Pennisetum (under)Rotations,India;Pennisetum americanum:Wbeat, 0245 americanum:Wheat, NPY fertilizers,Effect,India/Hary- 0250 Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect,Bra ana;Pennisetum americanum,Rybrids, 0246 zil;Brachiaria decumbens,Forage, NPK fertilizers,Effect,Sequential 0796 Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect,The cropping,India/Andhra Pradesh; ses;Pennisetum americanum, 0233 Panicum miliaceum, 0584 Phosphorus Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizersEffect;Bra fertilizers, chiaria decumbens,Dry Effect,(in)Vertisols,Review matter, 0780 arti- Phosphorus fertilizers,Effect;Pan cles;Pennisetum americanum, 0168 icum virgatum, Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect,(during) 0914 Phosphorus potaso4wsi Autumn;Pennisetum fertilizers, clandestinum, 0759 Effect,(in)Podzolic Nitrogen soils;Pennis fertilizers,Effect,(under) etum americanum, Dry farming;Pennisetum 0243 americanum, 0217 Phosphorus residual effect,(under) Nitrogen fertilisers,Effect,(unde-) Rotations,Tracer studies;Pennise Irrigation,India;Pennisetum amer- tun americanum:Legumes, 0231

350 Phosphorus residual effect,India; farming,India;Peunisetum Pennisetum americanum,Dry matter, america Pig 0232 num, slurry,Effect;Pennisetum purp- 0215 ureum, Sowing methods,Effect,(under)Inte- 0753 Plant densityEffect,(under)Dry rcroppinglndia/Hadhya Pradesh; farming;Pennisetum Eleusine coracana:Soybean, americanum, 0217 0420 Plant density,Effect,(under)Rotat- Sowing methodsEffect,(under)Inte- ions,India/Hpryana;Pennisetum rcropping,India/Madhya Pradesh; americanum:Wheat, Panicum miliare:Soybean, 0284 0420 Plant density,Effect;Pennisetum Sowing methods,Effect,(under)Inte americanum,Hybrids, rcropping,India/Madhya Pradesh; 0197 Paspalum scrobiculntum:Soybean, 0420 Planting date,Effect,(under)Rotat 0200 Sowing methods,Effect,Theses;Penn - isetum americanum,Forage, ions,India/Haryana;Pennisetum 0196 americanum:Wheat, Sowing rates,Effect,(under)Interc 0284 Planting date,EffectIndia/Uttar ropping,Theses Pennisetum americ anum:Soybeans, Pradesh;Pennisetum americanum, 0263 Hybrids, Spacing,Effect,(under)Dry farming; 0213 Pennisetum Planting methods,Effect,(under) americanum, 0217 Intercropping,Theses;Pennisetum S acing,Effect,(under)lntercripping, americanum:Soybeans, Theses;Pennisetum americanum:Soy 0263 beans, 0263 Planting methods,Effect,(under) Intercropping;Pennisetum america- Spacing,Effect,(under)Intercropping; num:Pigeon Pennisetum americanum:Legumes, peas, 0255 0254 Potassium fertilizers,Effect,(in) Stability,Genetic control;Pennise tum americanum, Sandy soils,Senegal;Pennisetum 0116 americanum, Striga,Infestation,Effect,Botswana; 0240 Millets, Pyricularia grisea/Incidence,Effect, 0256 Theses;EIleusine Theses;Panicum coloratum, coracena, 0538 0909 Recurrent selection,Effect;Paspalum Theses;Paspalum dilatatum,Ecotypes, Forage, notatum,Dry matter, 0934 0948 Tillage,Effect,(under)Dry Rotations,EffectSemiarid zones, farming, India;Pennisetum americanum, Burkina Faso;Pennisetum americanum: 0215 Tillage,Effect,(under)Dry farming, Cowpeas, 0287 Saline water/Irrigation,Effect, India;Setaria italica, India/Andhra Pradesh;Eleusine USA/Kansas;Pennisetum 0215 Hybrids, americanum, coracana, 0198 0502 USSR;Panicum miliaceum,Forage, Saline water/Sprinkler irrigation, 0581 Effect;Pennisetum Water harvesting,Effect,Semiarid americanum, 0191 zones,India;Millets, Saline water/Surface irrigation, 0195 Effect;Pennisetum americanum, Water stress,Effect;Pennisetum 0191 americanum, Seed treatment,Effect,Theses;Penn- 0040 isetum americanum,Forage, 0273 0196 Water use Slow release fertilizers,Effect; efficiincy,Effect;Penni- 0 Pennisetum setum americanum, americanum, 0243 0165 Soil fertility/Management,Effect, Weed control,Effect,(under)Interc- India;Eleusine ropping;Setaria italica:Soybean, coracana, 0241 0648 Soil fertility/Management,Effect, Weeding/Timing,Effect;Echinochloa India;Pennisetum frumentacea, americanum, 0241 0532 Soil vaoisture,Effect,IndiaTheses; Weeding/Timing,Effect;Eleusine Eleusine coracana, coracans, 0498 0529 Soil pH,Effect;PauicumForage, 0881 0532 Sowing date,Effect,India;Pennisetum Yellow leaf disease,Effect;Eleusine coracana, americanum, 0534 0251 Zinc fertilizers,Effect,(in)Grass_ Sowing 0252 land soils,Nigeria;Panicum dateEffect;Pennisetum ame- maximum, 0856 ricanum,Hybrids, Zinc fertilizers,Effect,lndia/Har 0197 yaaa;Pennisetum americanum,Hybrids, 0244 Sowing methods,Effect,(under)Dry 0200 Zinc fertilizers,Effect,Theses; Pennisetum americanum, 0233

351 Zinc fertilizers,Effect;Pennisetum americanum, coracana, 0247 Paper mill sludge,Effect,Theses; 0518 Yields; Brachiaria Eleusine coracana,Genotypes, decumbensForage, 0724 0509 Digitaria Planting methodsPhosphorus ferti smtsii,Forage, 0724 Echinochloa lizersEffect,(under)Intercropping, frumentacea, 0451 Millets, India/Karnataka,Theses;Eleusine 0033 coracana:Lucerne, Panicum maximum,Forage, 0524 0724 Planting Panicum raxinum,Varieties, methods:Phosphorus ferti- 0884 lizersEffect,(under)Intercropping, Panicum virgatumForage, Paspalum;Alfalfa,Mixed 0880 India/Karnataka,Theses;Eleusine cropping, coracana:Soybean, Dr) matter, 0524 0964 Pennisetum americanum,Combining Saline water/Irrigation,Effect; Eleusine abiLlity, coracana, 0501 01:0 Soil Pennisetum americanum,Combining moisture,Effect;Eleusine cor acana,Dry matter, ability,(for)Green fodders, 0506 Pennisetum 0085 Yields:Harvest index, americanumForage, 0389 Pennisetum americanum,Varieties, Relationship;Eleusine coracana, Varieties, Forage, 0504 0391 Yields:Leaf protein:Nitrogen Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum content: americanumHybrids,Forage, Nitrogen uptake, 0773 Setaria sphacelata:LegumesInterc- Nitrogen fertilizers,Effect;Penni setum ropping,Fozage, americanum, 0223 0985 Yields:Nutrient uptake, Yields:Agronomic characteristics, Neem cake coated/Nitrogen fertili Correlation analysis;Pennisetum americanum,Inbred lines, zers,Effect;Eleusine coracana, 0129 Yields:Nutrient uptake:Water 0521 Seed size:Seedling vigour,Effect; use Pennisetum americanum, efficiency, 0038 Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, Yields:Botanical composition, Effect,ndi,Theses;Eleusine cr Sowing methods,Effect;Brachiaria fcans, 0520 decumbens,Pastures, 0677 Sowing methods,Effect;Panicum Yields:Plant height, max- Relationship,USSR;Panicum imum,Pastures, miliaceum, 0577 0677 Yields:Protein Yields:Chemical composition, composition, Lime(Mineral):Nitrogen Nitrogen fertilizers,EffectBrazil; fertilizers, Effect;Panicum maxinmm, 0873 Digitaria decumbens, 0832 Yields see also, Plant density,EffectEgypt;Pennis_ Grain yield etum purpureum, Yields:Composition, 0768 Yield components Yield increases Trace element fertilizers:NPK fer- Yield losses tilizers,Effect;Digitaria decumbens, Zambia; 0704 Eleusine Trace element fertilizers:NPK coracana,Germplasm,Colle fer- ctions, tilizers,Effect;Paspalum notatum, 0124 Yields:Forage/Quality, 0704 Pennisetum,SpeciesGermplasm,Coll_ ections, Temperatures:Water stress,Effect, 0124 Theses;Panicum Pennisetum americanum,Germplasm, coloratum, 0858 Collections, 0124 Yields:Grass establishment, Zimbabwe; Plant density,Effect;Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum americanum, Pennisetum americanum,Cultivation, Hybrids, Zinc, 0212 0743 Yields:Growth, Translocation,Cropping systems, (under)Rain-ied Effect;Pennisetum americanum:Chi farming;Eleusine ckpeas, coracana,Genotypes, 0228 Boron:Calcium:Magnesium,Effect; 0511 Zinc:Phosphorus, Hillets, UptakeCalcium carbonateEffect, 0221 Theses;Pennisetum Environmental factora,Effvct americanum, 0233 India; Uptake,Farmyard Pennisetum americanum,Genotypes, manure,Effect,The 0130 s s;Pennisetum NPK fertilizersEffect;Eleusine americanum, 0233 UptakePhosphorus fertilizers,Eff

352 ect,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, 0233 Effect,India/Haryana;Pennisetum Uptake,Zinc fertilizersEffect, americanum,Hybrids,Yields, 0244 Theses;Pennisetum americanum, 0233 Effect,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, Zinc fertilizers, Phosphorus:ZincUptake, Effect,(in)Grasland soils,Nigeria; 0233 Effect,Theses;Pennisetum americanum, Panicummaximum,Yields, 0856 Yields, 0233 Effect;Pennisetum americanum,Yields, 0247

353 APPENDIX

Colloquial Names and Botanical Terms

Colloquial name Botanical term

Adalayd grass Paspalum vaginatum African feather grass Pennisetum macrourum African millet Eleusine coracana Aleman grass Echinochloa polystachya Amazonian kikuyu grass Brachiaria humidicola Arika Paspalum scrobiculatum Babala Penniaetum americanum Bahia grass Paspalum notatum Bajra Pennisetum americanum Bajri Pennisetum americanum Barnyard grass Echinochloa crus-galli Barnyard millet Echinochloa frumentacea Blue panic grass Panicum ant idotale Boer lovegrass Eragrostis curvula Brownseed paspalum Paspalum plicatulum Bulrush millet Pennisetum americanum Cambu Pennisetum americanum Cheena Panicum miliaceum Cockspur grass Echinochloa crus-galli Coloured grass Panicumu coloratum Common millet Panicum miliaceum Cori grass Brachiaria miliiformis Crabgrass Digitaria spp. Cumbu Pennisetum americanum Dallis grass Paspalum dilatatum Deenanath grass Pennisetum pedicellatum Digit grass Digitaria decumbens Egyptian millet Panicum miliaceum Elephant grass Pennisetum purpureum Fall panicum Panicum dichotomiflorum Finger millet Eleusine coracana Foxtail millet Setaria italica Gahi-l millet Pennisetum americanum Gatton panic Panicum maximum German millet Setaria italica Gero Pennisetum americanum Giant foxtail Sztaria faberi Goose grass Eleusine indica Green foxtail Setaria viridis Green panic grass Panicum maximum Guinea grass Panicum maximum Gundli Panicum miliare Ramil grass Panicum maximum Hansa ragi Eleusine coracana

354 Haraka Paspalum scrobiculatum Hatomugi Coix lachryma-jobi Hog millet Panicum miliaceum Italian millet Setaria italica JapaneGe barnyard millet Echinochloa crus-galli Job's tears Coix lacbryma-jobi Jungle rice Echinochloa colonum Kangni Setaria italica Kazungula setaria Setaria anceps Kikuyu grass Pennisetum clandestinum americanum King grass Pennisetum purpureum x P. Klein grass Panicum coloratum Kodo millet Paspalum scrobiculatum Kondon Paspalum scrobiculatum Korean native millet Echinochloa crus-galli Kudir"..ali Echinochlea colonum Kutki Panicum miliare Large crab grass Digitaria sanguinalis Lehmann love grass Eragrostis lehmanniana Little millet Panicum miliare Love grass Eragrostis spp. Maduwa Eleusine coracana Mandua Eleusine coracana Mijo comun Panicum miliaceum Mijo perla Pennisetum americanum Mission grass Pennisetum polystachyon Munga Pennisetum americanum Nandi Setaria italica Napier grass Pennisetum purpureum Navane Setaria italica Novane Setaria italica Nutsedge grass Digitaria ischaemum Pangola digit grass Digitaria decumbens Pangola grass Digitaria decumbens Pani varagu Panicum miliaceum Panic grass Panicum amarum Pearl willet Pennisetum americanum Pensacola bahia grass Paspalum notatum Petit mil Pennisetum americanum Plains bristle grass Digitaria pentzii Prickly grass Echinochloa crus-galli Proso millet Panicum miliaceum Ragi Eleusine coracana Razor grass Paspalum virgatun Robust purple foxtail Secaria viridis Ruzizi grass Brachiaria ruziziensis San Juan grass Setaria sphacelata Sawa Echinochloa frumentacea Sawa millet Echinochloa crus-galli Sawan Echinochloa crus-galli Seno millet Pennisetum americanum Signal grass Brachiaria decumbens Slenderstem digit grass Digitaria pentzii Smooth crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum Sour grass Paspalum conjugatum

355 Switch grass Panicum virgatum Texas panicum Panicum texanum Thenai Setaria italics Torpedo grass Panicum repens Transvala digit grass Digitaria decumbens Varagu Paspalum scrobiculatum Water grass Echinochloa crus-galli Weeping love grass Eragrostis curvula White panicum Echinochloa crus-galli Wilman lovegrass Eragrostis superba Witch grass Panicum capillare Yellow foxtail Setaria pumila

356