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Gerd Von Der Gönna, Würzburg BEATUS RHENANUS UND DIE

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Gerd Von Der Gönna, Würzburg BEATUS RHENANUS UND DIE Gerd von der Gönna, Würzburg BEATUS RHENANUS UND DIE EDITIO PRINCEPS DES VELLEIUS PATERCULUS Von den Zeugnissen, die über die Entdeckung der Murbacher Handschrift des Vellerns Pater­ culus Aufschluß geben, haben bis in unser Jahrhundert nur die beiden Äußerungen Beach­ tung gefunden, die Beatus Rhenanus in der Editio princeps! und in einem Brief an Georg Spalatin2 getan hat. Im Jahre 1919 machte R. Sabbadini3 darauf aufmerksam, daß es noch einen dritten Hinweis von Rhenanus gibt, der fast sechs Jahre vor den beiden anderen liegt und es erlaubt, den Zeitpunkt der Auffindung der Handschrift ziemlich genau zu bestim­ men. Er findet sich in den Scholien zu Rhenanus' zweiter Ausgabe von Senecas Apokolo­ kyntosis. Die Apokolokyntosis war im Jahre 1513 in Rom von C. Sylvanus Germanicus erstmals im Druck herausgegeben worden. Die zweite Ausgabe dieser Schrift gab Rhenanus im März des Jahres 1515 bei Froben in Basel heraus4. Die dritte Ausgabe des Ludus Senecae — und diese ist die zweite, die Beatus Rhenanus betreute — erschien innerhalb der Gesamtausgabe der Werke Senecas, die Erasmus im August des Jahres 1515 bei Froben herausbrachte5. Diese Ausgabe enthält zum ersten Mal die beiden sich auf Vellerns Paterculus beziehenden Hinwei­ se, die Sabbadini anführt6, darunter den über die Auffindung des Murbacher Codex. Da die­ se beiden Stellen im Gegensatz zur Annahme Sabbadinis in der Ausgabe vom März 1515 noch fehlen, läßt sich auch seine Vermutung, Rhenanus müsse die Handschrift in den ersten drei Monaten des Jahres 1515 oder sogar schon 1514 gefunden haben, nicht mehr halten. Der Murbacher Fund fällt in den Zeitraum, der vom 31. März7 und dem Monat August des Jahres 1515 begrenzt wirdÖ. 1. P. Vellei Paterculi historiae Romanae duo volumina, ad M. Vinicium cos. progenerum Tiberii Caesaris, per Beatum Rhenanum Seiestadiensem ab interitu utcunque vindicata, Basel: Froben 1520. Die Ausgabe ist datiert MENSE N0­ VEMBRI. ANNO M.D.XX.,sie ist jedoch nachweislich erst im ersten Viertel des Jahres 1521 erschienen (vgl. S.238). Rhenanus' Äußerung findet sich in dem Widmungsbrief an den Kurfürsten von Sachsen, Friedrich III., den Weisen, auf Blatt A 2 verso der Ausgabe. 2. Brief vom 11. März 1521; in: Briefwechsel des Beatus Rhenanus (= BRhB), ges. und hrsg. v. A. Horawitz u. K. Hartfel­ der, Leipzig 1886 (ND Hildesheim 1966), Nr. 197, S. 269 f. 3. R. Sabbadini: II testo interpolato del Ludus di Seneca, RivFil 47, 1919, 338 ff. (speziell: Postiüa. La scoperta di Velleio Patercolo, S. 346 f.). 4. Ludus L. Annaei Senecae, De morte Claudij Caesaris ... cum Scholijs Beati Rhenani. Dieser Ausgabe sind zwei weitere Schriften beigefügt: Synesius Cyrenensis de laudibus Caluitij und Erasmi Roterodami Moriae Encomium. Es finden sich jedoch auch Exemplare dieses Sammelbandes, in welchen das Encomium Moriae fehlt. Sabbadini hatte offensicht­ lich nur von einem solchen unvollständigen Exemplar Kenntnis, worauf sein Hinweis schließen läßt: "il titolo da anche I' Encomium moriae di Erasmo, che fu omesso" (346). Aber auch dieses hat er — wie das Folgende zeigt — nicht selbst einsehen können. 5. Lucij Annaei Senecae ... lucubrationes omnes ... Erasmi Roterodami cura, Basel: Froben 1515. Das Titelblatt datiert die Ausgabe Mense lulio,das Kolophon Mense Augusto. 6. S. 610 und S. 626 der Ausgabe; vgl. Sabbadini 346. 7. Rhenanus widmet das in dem Sammelband vom März 1515 enthaltene "Lob der Kahlheit" dem Schlettstädter Martin Ergersheimer (Ergerinus) unter dem Datum: Basileae. Pridie Calendas Aprilis. AN. M.D.XV. — Der Widmungsbrief an Thomas Rapp, dem er den Ludus Senecae widmet, trägt das Datum des Vortages: Tertio Calendas Aprilis. 8. Die um die Epistoia apologetica Erasmi Roterodami ad Martinum Dorpium theologum erweiterte — nicht datierte — neue Auflage des Sammelbandes vom März 1515, die A. Horawitz (Des Beatus Rhenanus literarische Thätigkeit in den Jahren 1508 ­ 1531, SBB der Wiener Akad. d. Wiss. 71, 1872, 651) "unmittelbar nach dem Erscheinen der ersten Auf­ lage ... in demselben Jahre" ansetzt, steht dieser Datierung nicht entgegen. Diese Ausgabe, von der schon Allen (P.S. 231 Wenn man nicht annehmen will, daß sich Rhenanus aus dem Murbacher Codex zunächst nur ein paar Exzerpte gemacht hat, so muß er bereits vor der Drucklegung der Seneca­Ausgabe des Erasmus im Besitz einer Abschrift der Murbacher Handschrift gewesen sein, aus welcher er die beiden Zitate in die Scholien zur Apokolokyntosis einschob. Es wäre dies die Ab­ schrift, die der namentlich nicht genannte Freund (amicus quidam) für ihn vorgenommen hat. Das Urteil über die Leistung dieses Freundes (properanter ac infeliciter descriptum) fällt freilich erst am 8. Dezember 1520 im Widmungsbrief an den Kurfürsten von Sachsen, als Rhenanus diese Abschrift als Druckvorlage für die Setzer in Frobens Offizin bearbeitet hattet In der Mitte des Jahres 1515 stand dieses Urteil noch keineswegs fest. Somit ist auch nicht die mangelnde Qualität dieser Abschrift der Grund dafür, daß die Herausgabe des Vellerns verschoben wurde. Der Brief an Spalatin vom 11. März 1521 zeugt eher davon, daß Rhenanus mit der Vorbereitung der Edition schon begonnen hatte, als Spalatin ihn, nach­ dem er von der Entdeckung des Murbacher Codex erfahren hatte, um eine Abschrift für die Wittenberger Bibliothek bat. Nur wenn er davon überzeugt war, Spalatin in angemessener Frist den gedruckten Vellerns übersenden zu können, durfte er zu diesem Zeitpunkt dessen Wunsch die Erfüllung versagen. Der Grund für den Aufschub der Edition ist allein in der Nachricht zu sehen, die ihn inmitten seiner Vorarbeiten aus Italien erreichte: "Enimvero cum in hoc essem totus, ab amico mihi quodam nunciatum est in bibliotheca Galeacii, comi­ tis Mediolanensis, integrum extare Vellaeum, a Merula quondam cum multis aliis veterum monumentis repertum"10. Mit der bibliotheca Galeacii ist die Bibliothek der Visconti in Pavia und Mailand eindeutig zu identifizieren! 1, die Erwähnung von Giorgio Merula und der multa alia veterum monumenta, die er gefunden habe, weist hin auf den Bücherfund von Bobbio im Jahre 149312. Die Nachricht besagt also, unter den in Bobbio gefundenen Hand­ schriften habe sich auch eine Velleius­Handschrift befunden, die nun in Mailand13 in der Bibliothek der Visconti aufbewahrt werde. Die Suche nach dieser Handschrift hat niemals zu einem positiven Ergebnis geführt. Damit stellt sich die Frage nach dem Wahrheitsgehalt der Nachricht sowie nach der Person dessen, der Rhenanus informiert hat. Dieser Informant war sehr wahrscheinlich Francesco Giulio Calvo, der im Jahre 1516 Buch­ händler in Pavia war14. Seit Februar 1517 unterhielt er geschäftliche Beziehungen zum Hause Froben; vorher dürfte auch Rhenanus ihn nicht gekannt haben15. Calvo konnte Kenntnis haben von den Schwierigkeiten, denen sich Rhenanus bei der Emendation der aus dem Murbacher Codex gefertigten Abschrift gegenübersah, und auch wissen, daß dieser Codex den Vellerns nur fragmentarisch überlieferte. Die Nachricht von der Existenz einer vollständigen Velleius­Handschrift mußte Calvo für wichtig genug halten, um sie sofort an Allen, Opus Epistolarum Des. Erasmi Roterodami, denuo recognitum et auctum, Oxonii MCMVI ff. = Allen) behaup­ tet hat (Nr. 328, Anm. zu Zeile 48), "it was not actually undertaken tili 1516", ist mit ziemlicher Sicherheit erst im letzten Drittel (etwa Sept./Okt.) des Jahres 1516 erschienen. — Ich verdanke diesen Hinweis Frank Hieronymus, Basel, der auf Grund vergleichender Untersuchungen der Buchillustration mit überzeugenden Argumenten zu dieser Datie­ rung gelangt. 9. Welche Mühe er mit der Emendation des Textes hatte, bezeugt er in dem Nachwort auf S. 69 f. seiner Ausgabe. 10. Brief an Spalatin vom 11. März 1521; vgl. oben Anm. 2. 11. O.E. Schmidt: Die Visconti und ihre Bibliothek zu Pavia, in: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Politik 5, 1888, 444 ff. 12. O. von Gebhardt: Ein Bücherfund in Bobbio, in: Centralblatt für Bibliothekswesen 5, 1888, 343 ff.; 383 ff.; 538. 13. Mailand ergibt sich aus dem Widmungsbrief an den Kurfürsten von Sachsen zu Beginn der Ed. pr.: "... donec melioris nobis codicis fieret copia, quem acceperam haberi Mediolani inuentum olim a Georgio Merula." 14. Zu Francesco Giulio Calvo: Dizionario biografico degli Italiani, Vol. 17, Rom 1974, 38 ff. 15. Calvo's Brief vom 17.2.1517 an J. Froben findet sich in Band II der Amerbachkorrespondenz (= AK), Basel 1943, 525 (Anhang Nr. 1). In der AK wird Calvo zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt nicht erwähnt. Im BRhB erscheint er zum ersten Mal in Rhenanus' Brief an Erasmus vom 10.5.1517 (BRhB Nr. 65; Allen Nr. 581). 232 Rhenanus weiterzuleiten. Allem Anschein nach wurde er jedoch das Opfer einer Verwechs­ lung. Unter den in Bobbio gefundenen Handschriften befand sich kein Velleius Paterculus, wohl aber ein Velius Longus16. Wenn die Cognomina Paterculus und Longus nicht ausdrück­ lich hinzugesetzt wurden, ließen sich die Gentilnamen Velleius und Velius leicht verwech­ seln, dies um so mehr, als beide Autoren zu Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts nahezu unbekannt waren. Die Handschrift des Velius Longus wurde von Giorgio Galbiato, dem Amanuensis Merulas und eigentlichen Entdecker der Handschriften von Bobbio, zusammen mit den Schriften von fünf weiteren Autoren abgeschrieben, und diese Abschrift wurde nach Mailand in die Biblio­ thek der Visconti gebracht^. Im Jahre 1517, als Rhenanus die Nachricht von dem vollstän­ digen "Velleius", der sich in Mailand befinde, erhielt, war der Text des Velius Longus jeden­ falls noch nicht veröffentlicht^. Rhenanus' Reaktion auf die Nachricht aus Mailand findet sich in seinem
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