Torah Study- Parashah Shelach June 1, 2021/ 21 Sivan 5781

Home , Caleb, Hebron (biblical figure), Kadesh (biblical), Tribe of Ephraim, Tribe of Manasseh, Tribe of Zebulun

,The LORD spoke to Moses, saying וַיְדַבֵּר יְהו ָ֖האֶ ה ל־מֹשֶ לֵּאמֹֹֽ ר׃

שְלַח־לְךָ֣אֲנשִִׁ֗ יםוְי ת ֻ֙ רוֻ֙ אֶ ת־אֶ ָ֣רֶ ץ כְ נַַ֔ עַן אֲשֶ ר־אֲנִינֹתֵָּ֖ ן לִבְנֵָּ֣י יִשְראֵֵּ֑ל אִָ֣ יש אֶח ד֩אִִ֨ ישאֶח דָ֜ לְמַטֵּהאֲבֹת יוֻ֙ תִשְ לַ֔ חו כָֹ֖ ל נשִ יא Send men to scout the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Israelite people; send one“ ב הֶֹֽ ם׃ man from each of their ancestral tribes, each one a chieftain among them.”

So Moses, by the LORD’s וַיִשְ לִַ֨ ח אֹתם מֹשֶ המִמִדְבַר פ אר ןָ֖ עַל־פִָ֣י יְהו ֵ֑ה כ לָ֣ם אֲנשִַ֔ ים ר אשֵּ יבְ נֵֹּֽי־יִשְראֵָּ֖ל הֵֹּֽמה׃ command, sent them out from the wilderness of Paran, all the men being leaders of the Israelites.

,And these were their names: From the tribe of Reuben וְאֵָּ֖לֶה שְ מֹות ֵ֑ם לְמַטֵָּ֣ה רְ ןאובֵַּ֔ שַמָ֖ ועַבֶן־זַכֹֽ ור׃ Shammua son of Zaccur.

.From the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat son of Hori לְמַטֵָּ֣השִמְעַ֔ ֹוןש פ ָ֖ט בֶן־חֹורִֹֽ י׃

.From the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh לְמַטֵָּ֣היְהוד ַ֔ כ ה לֵָּ֖ב בֶן־יְפ נֶֹֽה׃

.From the tribe of Issachar, Igal son of Joseph לְמַטֵָּ֣ה יִש שכַ֔ ר יִגְא ָ֖לבֶן־יֹוסֵֹּֽ ף׃

.From the tribe of Ephraim, Hosea son of Nun לְמַטֵּה אֶפְרָ֖ יִם הֹושֵּ עַבִ ן־נֹֽ ון׃

.From the tribe of Benjamin, Palti son of Rafu לְמַטֵָּ֣ה בִ נְי ןמִַ֔ פַלְטִָ֖ י בֶן־ר פֹֽ וא׃

.From the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel son of Sodi לְמַטֵָּ֣הזְבול ַ֔ ן גַדִיאֵָּ֖ל בֶן־סֹודִֹֽ י׃

From the tribe of Joseph, namely, the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi לְמַטֵּה יֹוסֵָּ֖ף לְמַטֵָּ֣ה מְ ה נַשֵֶ֑ גַדִָ֖ י בֶן־סוסִֹֽ י׃ son of Susi.

.From the tribe of Dan, Ammiel son of Gemalli לְמַטֵָּ֣ה דַ֔ ןעַמִיאֵָּ֖ל בֶן־גְמַלִֹֽ י׃

.From the tribe of Asher, Sethur son of Michael לְמַטֵָּ֣ה אשֵַּ֔ רסְתָ֖ ור בֶן־מִ יכ אֵֹּֽ ל׃

.From the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi son of Vophsi לְמַטֵָּ֣ה נַפְת ילִַ֔ ָ֖ נַחְבִ י בֶ ן־ו פְסִֹֽ י׃

.From the tribe of Gad, Geuel son of Machi לְמַטֵָּ֣ה ג ַ֔דגְאואֵָּ֖ל בֶן־מ כִֹֽ י׃

Those were the names of אֵֵּ֚לֶה שְמָ֣ ֹות ה ֹֽאֲנ שִַ֔ יםאֲשֶ ר־שלַח מֹשֶָ֖ ה לתָ֣ ור אֶ ת־ה א ֵ֑רֶ ץ וַיִקְר א מֹשֶ ה לְהֹושֵּ עַ בִ ן־נָ֖ ון יְהֹוש ֹֽעַ׃ the men whom Moses sent to scout the land; but Moses changed the name of Hosea son of Nun to Joshua. 2

When Moses sent them to וַיִשְלַח אֹת םֻ֙ מֹשֶַ֔ ה לתָ֖ וראֶ ת־אֶ ץָ֣רֶ כְנ ֵ֑עַןוַיָֹ֣אמֶ ר אֲלֵּהִֶׁ֗ ם ועֲל זֶהֻ֙ בַנֶַ֔ גֶב וַעֲלִיתֶָ֖ם אֶ ת־ה ה ֹֽ ר׃ scout the land of Canaan, he said to them, “Go up there into the Negeb and on into the hill country,

and see what kind of ורְאִיתֶם אֶ ת־ה א ץָ֖רֶ מַ ה־הִ ֵ֑ וא וְאֶ ת־ה ע םֻ֙ הַיֹשֵָּ֣ ב עלֶַ֔ יההֶח זק הואֻ֙ הֲר הפֶַ֔ הַמְעַט הָ֖ וא אִ ם־ר ֹֽ ב׃ country it is. Are the people who dwell in it strong or weak, few or many?

Is the ומָ֣ההאִׁ֗רֶץאֲשֶ ר־הואֻ֙ יֹשֵָּ֣ ב בַ֔ ּה הֲטֹוב ה הִ ָ֖ וא אִ ם־ר עֵ֑ה ומ ָ֣ה הֶֹֽ ע יםרִִׁ֗ אֲשֶ ר־הואֻ֙ ב יֹושֵָּ֣ ב הֵַּ֔ נה הַבְ מַֹֽ חֲנִָ֖ים אִ ם צבְמִבְ רִֹֽ ים׃ country in which they dwell good or bad? Are the towns they live in open or fortified?

Is the ומָ֣ההָ֠ארֶץ הַשְ מֵּ נ ִ֨ ההִָ֜ וא אִ ם־ר ז ִׁ֗ ה הֲיֵֹּֽש־ב ּהעֵּץֻ֙ אִ ם־אַַ֔ יִןוְהִִ֨תְ חַזַקְתֶַ֔ םולְקַחְתֶָ֖ם מִפְרִָ֣ י ה א ֵ֑רֶץ יוְהִַ֨ מִַ֔ יםיְמֵָּ֖י בִ כורֵּ י עֲנ בִֹֽ ים׃ soil rich or poor? Is it wooded or not? And take pains to bring back some of the fruit of the land.”—Now it happened to be the season of the first ripe grapes.

They went up and scouted the land, from the וַַֹֽֽיַעֲלָ֖ ווַי תָ֣רו אֶ ת־ה א ץֵ֑רֶ מִמִדְ בַר־צִ ן עַד־רְ חָֹ֖ ב לְבֹ א חֲמ ֹֽ ת׃ wilderness of Zin to Rehob, at Lebo-hamath.

They וַיַעֲלָ֣ו בַנֶגֶב֮ וַי בָֹ֣ אעַד־חֶבְ רֹון֒ וְשם אֲחִ ימַןֻ֙ שֵּשַָ֣י וְתַ ילְמַַ֔ יְלִידֵָּ֖י ה עֲנ ֵ֑קוְחֶבְרִׁ֗ ֹון שֶבַע ש נִיםֻ֙ נִבְ נְת הַ֔ לִפְנֵָּ֖י צֹ עַן מִ צְר ֹֽ יִם׃ went up into the Negeb and came to Hebron, where lived Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the Anakites.—Now Hebron was founded seven years before Zoan of Egypt.—

They וַיבָֹ֜ או עַד־נַָ֣חַל אֶשְ לכִֹׁ֗ ווַיִכְרְתִ֨ מִש םזְמֹור הֻ֙ וְאֶשְכ ֹול עֲ נבִיםֻ֙אֶח ַ֔ ד וַיִשא הובַמָ֖ ֹוט בִשְ נ ֵַֽ֑יִם ומִ ן־ה רִ מֹנִָ֖ים ומִ ן־הַתְ אֵּנִֹֽים׃ reached the wadi Eshcol, and there they cut down a branch with a single cluster of grapes—it had to be borne on a carrying frame by two of them—and some pomegranates and figs.

That place was named the wadi לַמקָֹ֣וםהַהַ֔ואק רָ֖ אנַָ֣חַל אֶשְכֵ֑ ֹולעֵַ֚ לאֹדָ֣ ֹותה ֹֽאֶשְכַ֔ ֹול אֲשֶ ר־כ ורְת מִש ָ֖ם בְ נֵּי יִשְראֵֹּֽ ל׃ Eshcol because of the cluster that the Israelites cut down there.

.At the end of forty days they returned from scouting the land וַי שָ֖בו מִתָ֣ ורה א ץ ֵ֑רֶ מִקֵָּ֖ץ אַרְ בעִים יֹֹֽום׃

וַיֵּלְכ֡ו וַי בֹאו֩ אֶ ל־מֹשִֶ֨ ה וְאֶֹֽ ל־אַ הֲרָֹ֜ ן וְאֶ ל־כ ל־עֲדַַ֧ת בְ נֵֹּֽי־יִשְר אֵּ ל אֶ פל־מִדְבַר אר ן ָ֖ ק דֵֵּ֑שה וַי שִִ֨ יבו אֹותם דב רֻ֙ וְאֶ ת־כ ל־ה ָ֣עֵּד ַ֔ ה They went straight to Moses and Aaron and the whole Israelite community at וַיַרְאָ֖ ום אֶ ת־פְרִ י ה א ֹֽרֶ ץ׃ Kadesh in the wilderness of Paran, and they made their report to them and to the whole community, as they showed them the fruit of the land.

:This is what they told him וַיְסַפְ רו־לֹוֻ֙ וַיָֹ֣אמְרַ֔ בו ָּ֕ אנו אֶ ל־ה אָ֖רֶ ץ ראֲשֶָ֣ שְ לַחְתֵ֑ נו וְָ֠ גַםז תבִַ֨ ח ל ב שודְבַ ָ֖ הִ וא וְ זֶה־פִרְ י ֹּֽה׃ “We came to the land you sent us to; it does indeed flow with milk and honey, and this is its fruit.

However, the people who אֵֶ֚פֶסכִֹֽ י־עַָ֣ז ה עַ֔ ם בהַיֹשֵָּ֖ ב א ֵ֑רֶ ץ ע וְהֶֹֽ רִִׁ֗ ים צבְ ר ֹות גְדֹֹלתֻ֙ מְ דאַֹ֔ וְגַם־יְלִדֵּיהֹֽ עֲנָ֖ק ר אִ ינו ש ֹֽ ם׃ inhabit the country are powerful, and the cities are fortified and very large; moreover, we saw the Anakites there.

Amalekites dwell עֲמלֵּקיֹושֵָּ֖ב בְאֶ ָ֣רֶ ץ הַנֵֶַֽ֑גֶבוְָ֠הַֹֽחִתִ י יוְהַיְבוסִ וְה ֹֽאֱמֹרִ יֻ֙ יֹושֵָּ֣ ב הב רַ֔ וְהַֹֽכְ נַעֲנִיֻ֙ יֹשֵָּ֣ ב עַל־הַי ַ֔םוְעַָ֖ל יַד הַיַרְ דֵֹּֽ ן׃ in the Negeb region; Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites inhabit the hill country; and Canaanites dwell by the Sea and along the Jordan.” 3

Caleb hushed the people before וַיַַ֧הַסכלֵּבאֶ ת־ה ע ָ֖ם אֶ ל־מֹשֵֶ֑ ה ר וַיִֹׁ֗אמֶ ע ֹל הנַעֲלֶהֻ֙ וְירַָ֣שְ נואֹת ַ֔ ּה כִֹֽ י־י כ ֹולנוכַָ֖ל ל ֹֽ ּה׃ Moses and said, “Let us by all means go up, and we shall gain possession of it, for we shall surely overcome it.”

But the men who had gone up with וְהִ֨אֲנשִָ֜ ים אֲשֶ ר־על ו עִ מֹוֻ֙ אֹֽמְרַ֔ ו אלֹ נוכַָ֖ל לַעֲלָֹ֣ותאֶ ל־הע ֵ֑םכִֹֽ י־ח זק הָ֖ וא מִמֶֹֽ נו׃ him said, “We cannot attack that people, for it is stronger than we.”

וַיֹוצִָ֜יאו דִבַת א ה ֻ֙רֶ ץֻ֙ אֲשֶָ֣ר ת ורָ֣ אֹת ַ֔ ּה אֶ ל־בְ נֵּי יִשְר אֵָּ֖ללֵּאמֵֹ֑ ה ר א ץ֡רֶ אֲשֶ ר֩ עבִַ֨רְ נו ב ָ֜ ּה לתָ֣ור אֹת ִּׁ֗האֶ ץ ָ֣רֶ אֹכֶלֶת יֹושְ יהבֶֻ֙ ֻ֙ הִַ֔ וא וְכל־ Thus they spread calumnies among the Israelites about the land ה עם אֲשֶ ר־ר אִ ינו בְ תֹוכ ָּ֖ה י אַנְשֵּ מִדֹֽ ֹות׃ they had scouted, saying, “The country that we traversed and scouted is one that devours its settlers. All the people that we saw in it are men of great size;

we saw the Nephilim וְשָ֣םראִִׁ֗ ינו אֶ ת־הַנְפִ ילִ יםבְ נֵּי עֲנ ָ֖ק מִ ן־הַנְפִלִֵ֑יםוַנְהִ י בְ עֵּינֵֻּ֙ ינוֻ֙ כֹֽ ַחֲג יםבִַ֔ וְכֵּן ה יִָ֖ינו בְ עֵּינֵּיהֶֹֽ ם׃ there—the Anakites are part of the Nephilim—and we looked like grasshoppers to ourselves, and so we must have looked to them.”

The whole community broke into loud cries, and וַתִשאֻ֙ כ ל־ה ָ֣עֵּד ה ַ֔ וַַֹֽֽיִתְ נָ֖ואֶ ת־קֹול ֵ֑ם וַיִבְכ וה עָ֖ם בַלַיְל ה הַהֹֽ וא׃ the people wept that night.

All וַיִלִ֨ נוֻ֙ עַל־מֹשֶָ֣ ה וְעַֹֽל־אַ הֲ רַֹ֔ןכָֹ֖לבְ נֵָּ֣י יִשְר אֵֵּ֑לוַֹֽיֹאמְרִ֨ ו אֲלֵּהֶָ֜ ם כ ל־העֵּד ִׁ֗ הלו־מַֻ֙תְ נוֻ֙ בְאֶ ָ֣רֶ ץמִצְרַַ֔ יִם א ֹו בַמִדְבר הַזֶ ָ֖ה לו־מ ֹֽתְ נו׃ the Israelites railed against Moses and Aaron. “If only we had died in the land of Egypt,” the whole community shouted at them, “or if only we might die in this wilderness!

Why is the וְלמָ֣היְָ֠הוה מֵּבִִ֨ יא אֹתָ֜ נו אֶ ל־ה א רֶ ץ הַזֹאתֻ֙ לִנְפָֹ֣ לבַחֶַ֔רֶ ב נ שֵּ ינו וְטַפֵָּ֖נויִהְ יָ֣ו ל בֵַ֑ז הֲלַ֧ ֹוא ט ֹוב ל ָ֖נו ש וב מִצְר ֹֽ יְמה׃ LORD taking us to that land to fall by the sword? Our wives and children will be carried off! It would be better for us to go back to Egypt!”

And they said to one another, “Let us head back for וַיֹאמְרָ֖ו אִָ֣ ישאֶ ל־א חִ יוֵ֑ נִתְ נה רָֹ֖ אש נוְ ש וב ה מִצְר ֹֽ יְמה׃ Egypt.”

Then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces before וַיִפֹל מֹשֶ הוְאַ הֲרָֹ֖ ןעַל־פְ נֵּיהֵֶ֑ם לִפְ נֵָּּ֕י כ ל־קְהַל עֲדַָ֖תבְנֵּי יִשְראֵֹּֽ ל׃ all the assembled congregation of the Israelites.

And Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of וִיהֹוש ָ֣עַ בִ ן־נִׁ֗ ון וְכ לֵּבֻ֙ בֶן־יְפ הנֶַ֔ מִ ן־הַת רִָ֖ ים אֶ ת־הא ֵ֑רֶ ץ ק רְ עָ֖ ובִגְדֵּ יהֶֹֽ ם׃ Jephunneh, of those who had scouted the land, rent their clothes

and exhorted the וַיָֹ֣אמְרַ֔ואֶל־כ ל־עֲדַת בְ נֵֹּֽי־יִשְר אֵָּ֖ל לֵּאמֵֹ֑ הר א ִׁ֗רֶ ץ אֲשִֶ֨ ר ע בַרְ בנו ּהֻ֙ ל תָ֣ וראֹת ּהַ֔ טֹובה ה א ץָ֖רֶ מְ דאֹ מְ אֹֹֽ ד׃ whole Israelite community: “The land that we traversed and scouted is an exceedingly good land.

If the LORD is pleased אִם־חפֵּץב ֻ֙ נוֻ֙ יְהו הַ֔ וְהֵּבִ יא אֹתֻ֙ נוֻ֙ אֶ ל־הא ץָ֣רֶ הַזַֹ֔ את ונְת נ לָּ֖ה ֵ֑נו אֶָּ֕רֶ ץ אֲשֶ ר־הִ וא זבַת ח לָ֖ב ודְב ֹֽ ש׃ with us, He will bring us into that land, a land that flows with milk and honey, and give it to us; 4

only you אְַָ֣ךבַֹֽיהו ה֮ אַל־תִמְ רֹדו֒וְאַתִֶׁ֗ םאַל־תִֹֽ ירְ אוֻ֙אֶ ת־עַָ֣םה א ץַ֔רֶ כִ י לַחְמֵָּ֖נוהֵֵּ֑ם ס ָ֣ר צִל ַ֧ם מֵּ עֲלֵּיהֶ םוַֹֽיהו ה אִתָ֖ נו אַל־תִ יר א ֹֽם׃ must not rebel against the LORD. Have no fear then of the people of the country, for they are our prey: their protection has departed from them, but the LORD is with us. Have no fear of them!”

As the whole וַיֹֹֽ אמְרוֻ֙כל־ה ָ֣עֵּד ַ֔ ה לִרְ ג ֹום אֹת ָ֖ם באֲב נִֵ֑ים וכְבָ֣ ֹוד יְהו ִׁ֗ ה אנִרְ הֻ֙ בְ אָֹ֣ הֶל מֹועֵַּ֔דאֶֹֽ ל־כ ל־בְ נֵָּ֖י יִשְר אֵֹּֽ ל׃ )פ( community threatened to pelt them with stones, the Presence of the LORD appeared in the Tent of Meeting to all the Israelites.

And the וַיֹאמֶריְהו הֻ֙ אֶ הל־מֹשֶַ֔ עַד־א נ ה יְנַאֲצָ֖נִי ה ע ָ֣ם הַזֶ ֵ֑הוְעַד־א ֻ֙ נהֻ֙ לֹא־יַאֲמִ ָ֣ ינו בִַ֔ י בְ כֹלֻ֙ה ֹֽאֹתַ֔ ֹות אֲשֶ ר ע שִָ֖יתִ יבְקִרְ בֹֽ ֹו׃ LORD said to Moses, “How long will this people spurn Me, and how long will they have no faith in Me despite all the signs that I have performed in their midst?

I will strike them with pestilence and disown אַכֶנו בַדֶָ֖בֶר וְאֹורִשֵֶ֑ נו וְאֶֹֽ עֱשֶהֻ֙ אֹֹֽתְךַ֔ לְגֹוי־ג ד ֹול וְעצָ֖ ום מִמֶֹֽ נו׃ them, and I will make of you a nation far more numerous than they!”

,But Moses said to the LORD וַיֹאמֶר מֹשֶָ֖האֶ ל־יְהו ֵ֑ה וְש ומְעָ֣ מִצְרַַ֔ יִם כִֹֽ י־הֶעֱלִַ֧ית בְ כֹחֲך אֶ ת־ה ע םהַזֶ ָ֖ה מִ קִרְ בֹֽ ֹו׃ “When the Egyptians, from whose midst You brought up this people in Your might, hear the news,

וְאמְרִׁ֗ואֶ ל־יֹושֵּב֮ הא ָ֣רֶ ץ הַזֹאת֒ש ֹֽמְ עוֻ֙ כִֹֽ י־אַתָ֣ ה יְהו הַ֔ ב בְקֶָ֖רֶ הע ָ֣םהַזֶ ֵ֑ה אֲשֶ ר־עִַ֨ יִן בְ עַָ֜ יִן נִרְאָ֣ה׀ אַת ָ֣ ה יְהוִׁ֗ הוַעֲנ ֹֽנְךֻ֙ עֹמֵָּ֣ד עֲלֵּהֶַ֔ ם they will tell it to the inhabitants of that land. Now ובְעַמ ָ֣ד ע נ ִׁ֗ןאַת הִ֨ הֹלְֵּך לִפְ נֵּיהֶםֻ֙ יֹומ ַ֔ םובְ עַמ ודאֵָּ֖ש ל ֹֽיְלה׃ they have heard that You, O LORD, are in the midst of this people; that You, O LORD, appear in plain sight when Your cloud rests over them and when You go before them in a pillar of cloud by day and in a pillar of fire by night.

If then You slay this people to a וְהֵּמַתהאֶ ת־ה עם הַזֶ ָ֖הכְאִָ֣ ישאֶח ֵ֑ד וְא ֹֽמְ רוֻ֙ הַגֹויִַ֔ם אֲשֶ ר־ש מְעו אֶֹֽ ת־שִמְ עֲךָ֖ לֵּאמֹֹֽ ר׃ man, the nations who have heard Your fame will say,

It must be because the‘ מִבִלְתִִּ֞ייְכָֹ֣ לֶת יְהוִׁ֗ ה לְהבִיאֻ֙ אֶ ת־ה עָ֣ם הַזֶַ֔ה אֶ ל־ה א ץָ֖רֶ אֲשֶ ר־נִשְבַָ֣ע ל הֵֶ֑ם חוַיִשְ טֵָּ֖ם בַמִדְב ֹֽ ר׃ LORD was powerless to bring that people into the land He had promised them on oath that He slaughtered them in the wilderness.’

Therefore, I pray, let my Lord’s forbearance be great, as You וְעַתָּ֕ ה יִגְדַ ל־נ ָ֖א כָֹ֣ חַ אֲדֹנ ֵ֑י כַאֲשֶרדִבַָ֖רְ ת לֵּאמֹֹֽ ר׃ have declared, saying,

The‘ יְהוִׁ֗ה אֶ רֶ ְך אַפַֻ֙יִםֻ֙ וְרַ ב־חֶַ֔ סֶד א נֹשֵּ ע ןוָֹ֖ ו פ ֵ֑שַעוְנַקֵּהֻ֙ אלָֹ֣ היְנַקֶַ֔ פֹקִֵּּ֞ ד עֲוֹן א בֹותֻ֙ עַל־ב נִַ֔ יםעַל־שִ יםלֵּשִָ֖ וְעַל־רִ בֵּעִֹֽ ים׃ LORD! slow to anger and abounding in kindness; forgiving iniquity and transgression; yet not remitting all punishment, but visiting the iniquity of fathers upon children, upon the third and fourth generations.’

Commentary on the Spies

"We must believe in free will, we have no choice." - Isaac Bashevis Singer 5

And R'Chanina said everything is in the hands of heaven except for the fear of heaven. As it states "And now Israel, what does Hashem, your God, ask of you, but merely to fear [Hashem, your God]? (Devarim 10:12) Is fear of Heaven then a small matter? Why R'Chanina said in the name of RShimon ben Yochai the Holy One Blessed Be He, has nothing in his treasure other than a store of fear of Heaven, as it states "the fear of Hashem is His treasure." (Isaiah 33:6) Yes! For MOses it was a small matter. For R'Chanina said it is analogous to a person from whom a large utensil was demanded and he had it. [Whereas if] a small utensil was demanded from someone who does not have it, it appears to him like a large utensil.

Sotah 34b:3-4

Bamidbar 13:1 states "shlach l'cha" Reish Lakish said: "Send forth yourself by your discretion, not by my command." Would this person [ie Moses] be choosing an evil portion for himself. And this is the meaning that which is written "And the matter was good in my eyes" (Devarim 1:23), in my eyes but it was not good in the eyes of God. "And they will spy out for us the land" (Devarim 1:22)

Sotah 34b:7

The verse states: "And they ascended in the south and he arrived in Hebron." (Bamidbar 13:22) It should say and they arrived." Rava said it teaches that Caleb disassociated from the designs of the spies and went alone and prostrated himself at the graves of the Patriarchs. He said to them: My fathers, ask for mercy upon me that I may be saved from the designs of the spies.

עַל פִ י יי: ברשותו, שלא עכב על ידו

Rashi on Numbers 13:3 by the word of the Lord: With his [God's] consent; He [God] did not stop him [Moses].

סוטה ל״ה א:י״ב- י״ג

ויאמרו כל העדה לרגום אותם באבנים וכתיב )במדבר יד, י( וכבוד ה' נראה באהל מועד אמר רבי חייא בר אבא מלמד .שנטלו אבנים וזרקום כלפי מעלה

)במדבר יד, לז( וימותו האנשים מוציאי דבת הארץ רעה במגפה אמר רבי שמעון בן לקיש שמתו מיתה משונה אמר רבי חנינא בר פפא דרש ר' שילא איש כפר תמרתא מלמד שנשתרבב לשונם ונפל על טיבורם והיו תולעים יוצאות מלשונם .ונכנסות בטיבורם ומטיבורם ונכנסות בלשונם ורב נחמן בר יצחק אמר באסכרה מתו

Sotah 35a:12-13

Bamidbar 14:10 states "The entire assembly said to pelt them with stones when the glory of God appeared in the Tent of Meeting." R'Chiya bar Abba said this teaches that they took stones and threw them above [at God]. 6

Bamidbar 14:37 states "And the men died, those who spoke evil slander against the land, with the plague." R'Shimon ben Lakish said they died a distinctive death. R'Chanina bar Papa said and R'Shila of Kefar Temarta expounded this teaches that their tounges became elongated and hung down until their navels and maggots came out of their tongues and entered their navals and their navals entered their tongues. But Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak said they died of askara. [An inflammation of the throat that begins in the digestive track and usually causes to blocked breathing.]

במדבר י״ג:א׳- ט״ז )א( וַיְדַבֵּרה' אֶ ה ל־מֹשֶ לֵּאמֹֹֽ ר׃ )ב( שְלַח־לְךָ֣אֲנ שִִׁ֗ יםוְי ת ֻ֙ רוֻ֙ אֶ ת־אֶ ָ֣רֶ ץ כְ נַַ֔ עַן אֲשֶ ר־אֲנִינֹתֵָּ֖ ן לִבְ נֵָּ֣ייִשְר אֵֵּ֑ל ישאִָ֣ אֶחד֩ אִִ֨ יש אֶח ָ֜ ד לְמַטֵּה אֲבֹתיוֻ֙ לתִשְ חוַ֔ לכָֹ֖ נ שִ יא ב הֶֹֽ ם׃ )ג( וַיִשְ לִַ֨ חאֹת ם מֹשֶ ה פמִמִדְבַר אר ן ָ֖ עַל־פִָ֣י ה' כ ל ָ֣ ם אֲנשִַ֔ ים ר אשֵּ יבְ נֵֹּֽי־יִשְראֵָּ֖ל הֵֹּֽמה׃ )ד( וְאֵָּ֖לֶה שְ מֹות םֵ֑ לְמַטֵָּ֣ה רְ ןאובֵַּ֔ שַמָ֖ ועַבֶן־זַכֹֽ ור׃ )ה( לְמַטֵָּ֣השִמְעַ֔ ֹוןש פ ָ֖ט בֶן־חֹורִֹֽ י׃ )ו( לְמַטֵָּ֣ה יְהודַ֔ כ ה לֵָּ֖ב בֶן־יְפ נֶֹֽה׃ )ז( לְמַטֵָּ֣ה יִש שכַ֔ ר יִגְא ָ֖לבֶן־יֹוסֵֹּֽ ף׃ )ח( לְמַטֵּה אֶפְרָ֖ יִם הֹושֵּ עַבִ ן־נֹֽ ון׃ )ט( לְמַטֵָּ֣ה בִ נְי ןמִַ֔ פַלְטִָ֖ י בֶן־ר פֹֽ וא׃ )י( לְמַטֵָּ֣הזְבול ַ֔ ן גַדִיאֵָּ֖ל בֶן־סֹודִֹֽ י׃ )יא( לְמַטֵּהיֹוסֵָּ֖ף לְמַטֵָּ֣ה מְ ה נַשֵֶ֑ גַדִָ֖ י בֶן־סוסִֹֽ י׃ )יב( לְמַטֵָּ֣ה דַ֔ ןעַמִיאֵָּ֖ל בֶן־גְמַלִֹֽ י׃ )יג( לְמַטֵָּ֣ה אשֵַּ֔ רסְתָ֖ ור בֶן־מִ יכ אֵֹּֽ ל׃ )יד( לְמַטֵָּ֣ה נַפְת ילִַ֔ נַחְבִ ָ֖י בֶן־ו פְסִֹֽ י׃ )טו( לְמַטֵָּ֣ה ג ַ֔דגְאואֵָּ֖ל בֶן־מ כִֹֽ י׃ )טז( אֵֵּ֚ לֶה שְמָ֣ ֹות ה ֹֽאֲנשִַ֔ יםאֲשֶ ר־ש לַח ה מֹשֶָ֖ ל תָ֣ ור אֶ ת־ה א ֵ֑רֶ ץ וַיִקְרא מֹשֶ הלְהֹושֵּ עַ בִ ן־נָ֖ ון יְהֹוש ֹֽעַ׃ Numbers 13:1-16

(1) The LORD spoke to Moses, saying, (2) “Send men to scout the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Israelite people; send one man from each of their ancestral tribes, each one a chieftain among them.” (3) So Moses, by the LORD’s command, sent them out from the wilderness of Paran, all the men being leaders of the Israelites. (4) And these were their names: From the tribe of Reuben, Shammua son of Zaccur. (5) From the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat son of Hori. (6) From the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh. (7) From the tribe of Issachar, Igal son of Joseph. (8) From the tribe of Ephraim, Hosea son of Nun. (9) From the tribe of Benjamin, Palti son of Rafu. (10) From the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel son of Sodi. (11) From the tribe of Joseph, namely, the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi son of Susi. (12) From the tribe of Dan, Ammiel son of Gemalli. (13) From the tribe of Asher, Sethur son of Michael. (14) From the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi son of Vophsi. (15) From the tribe of Gad, Geuel son of Machi. (16) Those were the names of the men whom Moses sent to scout the land; but Moses changed the name of Hosea son of Nun to Joshua.

רש"י על במדבר י״ג:ט״ז :)א( ויקרא משה להושע וגו'. הִתְ פַלֵּל ע ל יוי ּהיֹושִ יעֲך מֵּ עֲצַת מְרַ גְלִים )סוטה ל"ד( Rashi on Numbers 13:16 [AND MOSES CALLED HOSHEA [THE SON OF NUN JEHOSHUA ויקרא משה להושע וגו׳ (1) God may save”, he in“ הושע and יה which is a compound of יהושע By giving him this name — effect prayed for him: “May God save you from the evil counsel of the spies” )Sotah 34b(. במדבר י״ג:כ״ב

AND THEY WENT UP INTO THE NEGEB] AND HE CAME TO HEBRON] ויבא עד חברון (1) — Caleb alone went there and prostrated himself on the graves of the Patriarchs, offering prayer that he might be helped not to give way to the enticement of his colleagues and join them in their counsel. You may see that it was Caleb who went there, for so indeed it (Scripture) states, )Deuteronomy 1:36( “[Save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, he shall see it] and unto him will I give 7 the land upon which he hath trodden!” and it is written, )Judges 1:20( “And they gave Hebron unto Caleb” )Sotah 34b(

במדבר י״ג:ל׳ )ל( וַיַַ֧הַס כ לֵּ בת־העָ֖םאֶ ל־מֹשֵֶ֑ ה ר וַיִֹׁ֗אמֶ ע ֹל הנַעֲלֶהֻ֙ וְירַָ֣שְ נואֹת ַ֔ ּה כִֹֽ י־י כ ֹולנוכַָ֖ל ל ֹֽ ּה׃ Numbers 13:30 (30) Caleb hushed the people before Moses and said, “Let us by all means go up, and we shall gain possession of it, for we shall surely overcome it.” רש"י על במדבר י״ג:ל׳ "?)א( ויהס כלב. הִשְתִ יק אֶ ת כ לם: )ב( אל משה. לִשְ מֹעַ מַ השֶ יְדַבֵּר בְ מֹשֶ ה, צ וַח וְא רמַ י"וְכִ זֹו בִ לְבַד ע שה לנו בֶן עַמְרם ,הַשֹומֵּ עַ ה יה ס בור שֶ ב א לְסַפֵּרבִגְ נותֹו, ומִ תֹוְך השֶ י ה בְ לִב ם עַל המֹשֶ בִשְבִ יל דִבְרֵּ י הַמְרַ גְלִ ים, ש תְ קו כ ל ם לִשְ מֹעַגְ נותֹו א רמַ "וַהֲלֹא ק ערַ ל נואֶ ת הַי םוְ הֹורִ יד ל נו תאֶ הַמ ן וְהֵּגִיז לנו אֶ ת הַשְ לו": )ג( עלה נעלה. אֲפִ לו בַשמַיִם, וְ הוא אֹומֵּ ר עֲשו ס ל מֹות וַעֲלו שם, נַצְ לִיחַ בְ כל דְ ב ריו )סוטה ל"ה(: )ד( ויהס. לְשֹון שְתִ יק ה, וְכֵּן "הַס כל ב שר" )זכריה ב'(, "הַס כִ י לֹא :"לְהַזְכִ יר" )עמוס ו'(, כֵּן דֶ רְֶךבְ נֵּי א ד ם, ה רֹוצֶה לְשַתֵּ ק אֲג דַת אֲנשִ ים אֹומֵּ ר "שי"ט Rashi on Numbers 13:30

אל (AND CALEB HUSHED [THE PEOPLE] — he caused all of them to be silent. (2 ויהס כלב (1) means he silenced them that they should hear what he was going to say about Moses. He משה cried aloud saying: “Is this the only thing the son of Amram has done to us?!" — One who heard him thus speaking believed that he was about to speak to his disparagement, and because they had something in their mind against Moses through the spies’ statements, all of them kept silent to hear his disparagement. He, however, said: “Did he not divide the Red Sea for us, and bring WE CAN עלה נעלה (down the Manna for us, and collect the quails for us?!” )Sotah 35a). (3 INDEED GO UP — even to heaven, if he were to say “Make ladders and go up there”, we should listen to him because we would be successful in all his words )in all he bids us do( )Sotah O all )הס( ,is an expression denoting silence. Similar is, )Zechariah 2:17( “Be silent ויהס (35a(. (4 for we may not mention [the name of the Lord]”. So is the :)הס( flesh”; )Amos 6:10( “Be silent manner of people: he who wishes to silence a group of men says “sst” )This sibilant sound is therefore used to command silence).

במדבר י״ד:כ׳- כ״ד )כ( וַיָֹ֣אמֶ רה' ס ילַָ֖חְתִ בכִדְ רֶֹֽ ך׃ )כא( וְאול ָ֖ם חַי־אֵ֑נִי וְיִמ לֵּא כְ בֹוד־ה' אֶ ת־כ ל־ה א ֹֽרֶ ץ׃ )כב( כִ כָ֣י ל־ה אֲנ שִִׁ֗ ים ה רֹאִ ים אֶ ת־כְבֹדִ יֻ֙ וְאֶת־אָֹ֣ יתֹתַַ֔ אֲשֶ ר־ע ישִיתִ בְמִצְרַָ֖ יִם ובַמִדְב ֵ֑ר וַיְנַסָ֣ ו אֹתִִׁ֗ י זֵֶ֚ ה עֶָ֣שֶר פְ עמִַ֔ ים אוְלֹ ש מְעָ֖ ו בְ קֹולִֹֽ י׃ )כג( אִ ם־יִרְ אוֻ֙אֶ ת־ה א ַ֔רֶ ץ אֲשֶ ר ינִשְבַָ֖עְתִ לַאֲבֹת ֵ֑ם וְכל־מְ נַאֲצַָ֖י אלֹ יִרְאֹֽ וה׃ )כד( וְעַבְדִָ֣ כי לִֵּׁ֗ בעֵָּ֣קֶבה ֹֽיְתִּ֞ ה ר וחַ אַחֶֻ֙רֶ תֻ֙ עִמַ֔ ֹו וַיְמַלֵָּ֖א אַ חֲרֵ֑ יוַהֲבִֹֽ יאֹתִִׁ֗ יו אֶ ל־ה אֻ֙רֶ ץֻ֙ אֲשֶ ר־ב ָ֣א ש ַ֔ מ ה וְ זַרְ עָ֖ ֹויֹורִשֶֹֽ נה׃ Numbers 14:20-24 (20) And the LORD said, “I pardon, as you have asked. (21) Nevertheless, as I live and as the LORD’s Presence fills the whole world, (22) none of the men who have seen My Presence and the signs that I have performed in Egypt and in the wilderness, and who have tried Me these many times and have disobeyed Me, (23) shall see the land that I promised on oath to their fathers; none of those who spurn Me shall see it. (24) But My servant Caleb, because he was imbued with a different spirit and remained loyal to Me—him will I bring into the land that he entered, and his offspring shall hold it as a possession. רש"י על במדבר י״ד:כ״ד 8

)א( רוח אחרת. שְתֵּי רוחֹות, אַ ' בַפֶהוְאַ 'בְ לֵּב,לַמְרַ גְלִיםא רמַ אֲנִי עִמ כֶם ב עֵּצה, ובְ לִבֹו ה י ה לֹומַ ר האֱמֶ ת, וְעַל ייְדֵּ כֵּן ה יה בֹו כֹחַ לְהַשְתִ יק ם, כְ מֹו שֶ נֶאֱמַ ר)במדבר י"ג(, "וַיַהַסכ לֵּב", השֶ יו סְ בורִ ים שֶ ריֹאמַ כְ מֹותם, זֶהו שֶ נֶאֱמַ רבְ סֵּ'יְהֹוש עַ"ו א שֵּ ב אֹתֹו ד בר כַאֲשֶ ר עִ ם לְבבִ י" )יהושע י"ד( — וְלֹא כַאֲשֶ ר עִם פִ י )תנחומא(: )ב( וימלא אחרי. וַיְמַ לֵּא תאֶ לִבֹו אַ חֲרַ י, וְ זֶה :מִ קְרא ק צר

Rashi on Numbers 14:24

BUT MY SERVANT CALEB, BECAUSE HE HAD] ANOTHER SPIRIT [WITH] רוח אחרת (1) HIM] — Two spirits — one in his mouth (to which he gave voice) and one in his heart (his inner intention(. To the spies he said, “I am with you in your counsel”, while in his heart he had the intention to tell the truth, and it was only on this account that he possessed the power to silence them )the people(, as it is said, )Numbers 13:30( “And Caleb silenced [the people concerning Moses]” )cf. Rashi on that verse(, for they thought that he would say the same as themselves )as the spies). It is this that is alluded to in the Book of Joshua (Joshua 14:7) where it states that Caleb said “And I brought him )Moses( word again as it was in my heart” — but not as it was in וימלא אחרי (my mouth (i.e. not what I had said to the spies) (Midrash Tanchuma, Sh'lach 10). (2 AND HE HAS FOLLOWED ME FULLY (lit., he hath filled to go after Me) — i.e. he has filled his heart with the intention to follow Me; — this is an elliptical sentence )the word “his heart” is omitted).

אברבנאל על תורה, במדבר י״ד:כ״ד ... Abarbanel on Torah, Numbers 14:24

Joshua, who had a prophetic spirit and moreover was in place to succeed Moses, deserved no praise for not falling in with the plan of the spies; but Caleb, who had merely a human spirit, nonetheless "remained loyal to Me" and cannot be allowed to die in the wilderness like the others.