Komentovaný Překlad Titulků K Dokumentárnímu Filmu "Solovki - Kreposť Ducha"

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Komentovaný Překlad Titulků K Dokumentárnímu Filmu Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Ústav slavistiky Překladatelství ruského jazyka Bc. Petra Matelová Komentovaný překlad titulků k dokumentárnímu filmu "Solovki - Kreposť ducha" Magisterská diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Jiří Gazda, CSc. Brno 2015 Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně s využitím uvedených pramenů a literatury. …………………………………………….. Podpis autora práce Zde bych chtěla poděkovat vedoucímu práce doc. PhDr. Jiřímu Gazdovi, CSc., za odborné vedení, za jeho ochotu, trpělivost a cenné rady, které mi poskytl v průběhu zpracování diplomové práce. Děkuji také Mgr. Oxaně Ushakové, Ph.D., za gramatickou kontrolu přepisu dokumentárního filmu a Mgr. Stanislavě Špačkové za odborné konzultace. Mé velké díky patří i Mgr. Irině Sialini za korekturu ruského resumé. V neposlední řadě děkuji doc. PhDr. Jeleně Jevgeněvně Kotcové, Tatjaně Konstantinovně Savinské a Jeleně Aleksejevně Postojevové za obrovskou vstřícnost a ochotu, díky kterým jsem měla možnost osobně poznat Solovecké ostrovy. Poděkování patří rovněž celé mé rodině za jejich trpělivost a podporu. Úvod ................................................................................................................................................... 6 I. TEORETICKÁ ČÁST ............................................................................................. 8 1 Audiovizuální překlad .......................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Druhy AVP ....................................................................................................... 10 1.1.1 Dabing ........................................................................................................... 10 1.1.1.1 Dabing v ČR .......................................................................................... 11 1.1.2 Titulkování .................................................................................................... 13 1.1.2.1 Titulky vs. dabing .................................................................................. 14 1.1.3 Voice-over .................................................................................................... 15 2 Tvorba titulků ........................................................................................................................17 2.1 Fáze tvorby titulků ............................................................................................ 17 2.2 Druhy titulků .................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Tvorba titulků z hlediska formálního ............................................................... 20 2.3.1 Umístění titulku ............................................................................................ 20 2.3.2 Výběr fontu a barvy písma............................................................................ 21 2.3.3 Načasování titulku ........................................................................................ 22 2.4 Tvorba titulku z hlediska jazykového .............................................................. 25 2.5 Zpracování titulků k dokumentárnímu filmu ................................................... 30 3 Solovecké ostrovy..................................................................................................................31 3.1 O Solovkách ..................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Historie ............................................................................................................. 32 3.3 Současnost ........................................................................................................ 36 3.4 Archipelag GULAG ......................................................................................... 37 II. PRAKTICKÁ ČÁST ............................................................................................. 40 4 Překlad přepisu mluveného textu k dokumentárnímu filmu .................................41 5 Komentář k překladu I. ......................................................................................................58 5.1 Lexikální transformace ..................................................................................... 58 5.2 Lexikálně-sémantické transformace ................................................................. 64 5.3 Gramatické transformace.................................................................................. 66 6 Překlad titulků .......................................................................................................................78 7 Komentář k překladu II. ....................................................................................................93 7.1 Překladová kondenzace .................................................................................... 93 7.1.1 Příklady univerbizovaných výrazů ............................................................... 93 7.1.2 Příklady přepisu číselných výrazů ................................................................ 94 7.1.3 Příklady vypouštění opakovaných informací ............................................... 97 7.1.4 Příklady vynechání výplňkových formulací ................................................. 98 7.1.5 Příklady využití zástupných slov .................................................................. 99 7.1.6 Příklady vět se záměnou slov či slovních spojení....................................... 100 7.1.7 Příklady vynechání části věty ..................................................................... 101 7.1.8 Příklady změny větných konstrukcí ............................................................ 105 7.1.9 Příklady vět sе změnou podmětu ................................................................ 106 7.1.10 Příklady vytvoření jedné věty spojením více frází ..................................... 107 7.1.11 Příklady se záměnou věty s negací ............................................................. 108 7.1.12 Příklady parcelace větných spojení............................................................. 108 8 Závěr ....................................................................................................................................... 111 9 Резюме ................................................................................................................................... 116 10 Seznam použité literatury ................................................................................................ 124 11 Seznam příloh ...................................................................................................................... 131 Příloha č.1: Přepis dokumentárního filmu “Solovki – Kreposť ducha“ Příloha č. 2: Článek z ruského periodika “46 фактов о Соловках“ Příloha č. 3: Fotografie pořízené na Soloveckých ostrovech v červenci 2015 Příloha č. 4: Přiložené CD s filmem a titulky Úvod Výběr tématu diplomové práce Komentovaný překlad dokumentárního filmu Solovki – Kreposť ducha významně ovlivnil můj roční studijní pobyt v Archangelské oblasti v Rusku. Zaměřila jsem se na výběr tématu související právě s touto oblastí. Téměř 1500 km od Archangelska se nachází Solovecké ostrovy, které bývají právem nazývány klenotem severu. Návštěva Soloveckých ostrovů ležících nedaleko od severního polárního kruhu ostrovů na mě zapůsobila natolik, že jsem si zvolila za téma diplomové práce překlad dokumentárního filmu Соловки – Крепость духа z cyklu Красивая Россия. Dokumentární film, který jsem si k překladu vybrala, vznikl v roce 2015 a byl publikován na portále YouTube. O pár měsíců později ho uvedla televizní stanice Россия 2 v cyklu dokumentárních pořadů Чуда России prezentující jedny z nejzajímavějších a nejzáhadnějších míst v Ruské federaci. Diplomová práce se skládá z teoretické a praktické části. V rámci teoretické části je nastíněna základní teorie audiovizuálního překladu s translatologickými postupy využívanými pro překlad titulků. Druhou stěžejní kapitolou teoretické části je popis Soloveckých ostrovů se zaměřením na jejich historii. Překladové postupy a doporučení pro opatření filmu titulky jsou aplikovány v praktické části. Praktická část je sestavena ze dvou částí. V první části se zabýváme přepisem originálního dokumentu ve výchozím jazyce a jeho překladem do jazyka cílového. Překlad je analyzován z hlediska jednotlivých druhů překladových transformací. Druhá část je již sestavena z tvorby samotných filmových titulků na základě doporučených postupů a obsahuje analýzu vybraných translatologických problémů. Praktická část práce se skládá ze samotného překladu dokumentárního filmu na základě doporučených postupů, analýzy překladu textu. Rovněž se budeme zabývat specifikou překladu tohoto filmového žánru a vybranými translatologickými problémy. Cílem této diplomové práce je přiblížit problematiku audiovizuálního překladu a tvorby filmových titulků. Práce si klade za cíl poukázat na vybrané problémy, které vznikly během překládání dokumentu a titulkování. Kromě zmíněných dvou hlavních cílů, má výběr diplomové práce i cíl vedlejší, jímž je záměr seznámit české publikum se Soloveckými ostrovy s jejich přírodními a historickými zajímavostmi. 6 Součástí diplomové práce je i CD s dokumentárním filmem Solovki – Kreposť ducha a soubor obsahující titulky. Diplomová práce je doplněna o vlastní fotografie, které se nacházejí v příloze. Fotografie byly pořízeny v červenci 2015 na Soloveckých ostrovech. 7 I. TEORETICKÁ ČÁST 8 1 Audiovizuální
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