A Short History of the “Old Apple Tree,”
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Army Regulars on the Western Frontier, 1848-1861 / Dunvood Ball
Amy Regulars on the WestmFrontieq r 848-1 861 This page intentionally left blank Army Regulars on the Western Frontier DURWOOD BALL University of Oklahoma Press :Norman Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ball, Dunvood, 1960- Army regulars on the western frontier, 1848-1861 / Dunvood Ball. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8061-3312-0 I. West (U.S.)-History, Military-I 9th century. 2. United States. Army-History- 19th century. 3. United States-Military policy-19th century. 4. Frontier and pioneer life-West (U.S.) 5. West (US.)-Race relations. 6. Indians of North Arnerica- Government relations-1789-1869. 7. Indians of North America-West (U.S.)- History-19th century. 8. Civil-military relations-West (U.S.)-History-19th century. 9. Violence-West (U.S.)-History-I 9th century. I. Title. F593 .B18 2001 3 5~'.00978'09034-dcz I 00-047669 CIP The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc. m Copyright O 2001 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A. 12345678910 For Mom, Dad, and Kristina This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Maps IX Preface XI Acknowledgments xv INT R o D U C T I o N : Organize, Deploy, and Multiply XIX Prologue 3 PART I. DEFENSE, WAR, AND POLITICS I Ambivalent Duty: Soldiers, Indians, and Frontiersmen I 3 2 All Front, No Rear: Soldiers, Desert, and War 24 3 Chastise Them: Campaigns, Combat, and Killing 3 8 4 Internal Fissures: Soldiers, Politics, and Sectionalism 56 PART 11. -
Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-1-2011 The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 Cessna R. Smith Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Smith, Cessna R., "The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861" (2011). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 258. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.258 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 by Cessna R. Smith A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Thesis Committee: William L. Lang, Chair David A. Horowitz David A. Johnson Barbara A. Brower Portland State University ©2011 ABSTRACT This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon’s Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson’s Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861—during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture -
Jesse Applegate (1811-1888) 1
Jesse Applegate (1811-1888) 1 http://sos.oregon.gov/archives/exhibits/constitution/Pages/during-about-applegate.aspx Biographical Sketch of Jesse Applegate Born 1811, Died 1888 , Umpqua County delegate Jesse Applegate was born on July 5, 1811, in Henry County, Kentucky. He moved to and was schooled in St. Louis, Missouri, where he learned surveying. In 1831 he married and took up a land claim in St. Clair County, Missouri and farmed, surveyed and kept a country store. In 1843, Jesse along with his wife and many children and accompanied by two brothers and their families moved to Oregon. He served as member of the legislative committee of the provisional government in 1845. In 1846 he was involved in establishing an important southern route to Oregon, which was later known as the Applegate Trail. He represented Umpqua County at the constitutional convention but withdrew when a resolution he proposed prohibiting the discussion of slavery was not adopted. “I have no doubt there is honesty and talent enough in this body to frame a constitution that will be approved by the people of Oregon without my assistance.” He served for a number of years both as justice of the peace and as postmaster of Yoncalla. In 1856, he acted as a guide for Major Kearney in a campaign against the Rogue River Indians. He died on April 22, 1888. Applegate settled on a land claim in the Umpqua Valley in 1849 in a place he called Yoncalla after the local Indian tribe. There he farmed and raised cattle. A student and writer, Applegate maintained a large library in his house. -
April 2001 Chapter Website
1 NORTHWEST OCTA UPDATE AND JOURNAL NEWSLETTER of the NORTHWEST CHAPTER April 2001 Chapter Website: http://www.nwocta.com/ http://www.nwocta.com/octastore Lethene Parks: President Don Popejoy: Editor Website, National President and National Preservation. Lethene then made a Call for General Membership Meeting members to help with chapter projects. Joyce March 10, 2001 Bolerjack and Gail Carbiener stepped forward to The Dallas, Oregon develop a new chapter budget. Glenn Harrison took on the added responsibility of updating the chapter This day was the same as most days in the Columbia Bylaws. Marley Shurtleff volunteered to write a River Gorge in early March: windy, overcast with a chapter handbook as a guideline for new officers and smattering of sunshine, chilly but promising Spring board members. The Raffle, held just before the lunch would soon be here. However, today there was a big break, brought into the chapter difference at the Columbia Gorge Discovery Center; some 60 plus Northwest chapter members attended the first meeting of the year. Chapter President Lethene Parks called the meeting to order and the minutes for last years meeting were accepted. The Treasurer’s report was given by Joyce Bolerjack followed by the Membership totals. A Bylaws change was made which increased chapter dues to a more healthy $10 per membership, effect June 1, 2001. Rich Herman was elected to the board of directors, filling the position left vacant by Jack Holmes. Next came the highlight of the morning meeting: Joyce Bolerjack was presented with the Dick and Trudy Ackerman Meritorious Achievement Award for her outstanding work and devotion to the Northwest chapter. -
Microfilm Publication M617, Returns from U.S
Publication Number: M-617 Publication Title: Returns from U.S. Military Posts, 1800-1916 Date Published: 1968 RETURNS FROM U.S. MILITARY POSTS, 1800-1916 On the 1550 rolls of this microfilm publication, M617, are reproduced returns from U.S. military posts from the early 1800's to 1916, with a few returns extending through 1917. Most of the returns are part of Record Group 94, Records of the Adjutant General's Office; the remainder is part of Record Group 393, Records of United States Army Continental Commands, 1821-1920, and Record Group 395, Records of United States Army Overseas Operations and Commands, 1898-1942. The commanding officer of every post, as well ad commanders of all other bodies of troops such as department, division, brigade, regiment, or detachment, was required by Army Regulations to submit a return (a type of personnel report) to The Adjutant General at specified intervals, usually monthly, on forms provided by that office. Several additions and modifications were made in the form over the years, but basically it was designed to show the units that were stationed at a particular post and their strength, the names and duties of the officers, the number of officers present and absent, a listing of official communications received, and a record of events. In the early 19th century the form used for the post return usually was the same as the one used for regimental or organizational returns. Printed forms were issued by the Adjutant General’s Office, but more commonly used were manuscript forms patterned after the printed forms. -
Fort Vancouver NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE
Fort Vancouver NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE WASHINGTON his energetic leadership, the Hudson's Bay bank of the Columbia. Lumber, pickled Company won a virtual monopoly of the fur salmon, and other products of Fort Van trade in the Oregon country; and the firm's couver's mills, drying sheds, forges, and Fort Columbia Department was expanded until it shops supplied not only the wants of the fur stretched from the Rockies to the Pacific, trade but also a brisk commerce with such from Russian Alaska to Mexican California, distant places as the Hawaiian Islands, Cali with outposts on San Francisco Bay and in fornia, and the Russian settlements in Alaska. Hawaii. The farms and the busy shops and mills at Vancouver Fort Vancouver was the nerve center of Fort Vancouver marked the beginning of this vast commercial empire. From its ware large-scale agriculture and industry in the houses went out the supplies for the many Pacific Northwest. NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE interior posts, for the fur brigades which Much of the cultural and social life of ranged as far distant as present-day Utah and the Oregon country also revolved about Fort Vancouver. Here were established the first Here we commemorate the men of the fur trade and their part in developing California, and for the vessels and forts which dominated the coastal trade well up school, the first circulating library, the first the Pacific Northwest. the shoreline of Alaska. At Fort Vancouver theater, and several of the earliest churches each year the fur returns of the entire western in the Northwest. -
Historical and Archaeological Evidence of 19Th Century Fever
CAROLINE D. CARLEY the social, cultural, and economic center of the Oregon Country (Hussey 19572). In addition to the established fort proper, a Historical and Archaeological village for employees, called Kanaka Village, grew up southwest of the stockaded quarters, Evidence of 19th Century stores, and warehouses. South of this village, Fever Epidemics and Medicine another cluster of structures was established. Referred to today as the Riverside Complex, at Hudson’s Bay Company’s this group of buildings near the riverbank in- Fort Vancouver cluded boat sheds, a cooper’s shop, a hospital, tan pits, and several domestic dwellings. ABSTRACT The Riverside Complex was discovered on a narrow stretch of land between a major state During the Hudson’s Bay Company’s occupation of highway and a railroad embankment during Fort Vancouver in the Pacific Northwest, fevers in excavations of 45CL300 in the summers of epidemic proportions occurred intermittently through- 1974, 1975, and 1977. The projects were out the late 1820s and early 1830s, severely affecting the Company’s employees, operations, and aboriginal funded by the Washington State Highway population. Department, through the Office of Public Evidence of these epidemics has been found in the Archaeology at the University of Washington. archaeological record of a little known complex associ- The features and artifacts recovered indicated ated with Fort Vancouver. The investigation of 19th the presence of diverse Hudson’s Bay Com- century medical beliefs and practices aided in the in- terpretation of site activities as responses to the epi- pany activities in the area. A stockade trench demics. and numerous fire pits filled with charcoal were among the more unique features un- Introduction covered (Chance 1976, Chance and Chance 1976, Carley n.d.). -
Interpretation and Conclusions
"LIKE NUGGETS FROM A GOLD MINEu SEARCHING FOR BRICKS AND THEIR MAKERS IN 'THE OREGON COUNTRY' B~f' Kmtm (1 COfwer~ ;\ th¢...i, ...uhmineJ Ilt SOIl(mla Slale UFU vcr,il y 11'1 partial fulfiUlT'Ietlt of the fCqlJln:mcntfi for the dcgr~ of MASTER OF ARTS tn Copyright 2011 by Kristin O. Converse ii AUTHORlZAnON FOR REPRODUCnON OF MASTER'S THESISIPROJECT 1pM' pernlt"j(m I~ n:pnll.lm.:til.m of Ihi$ rhais in ib endrel)" \Ii' !tbout runt\er uuthorilAtlOO fn.)m me. on the condiHt)Jllhat the per",)f1 Of a,eocy rl;!'(lucMing reproduction the "'OS$. and 1:Jf't)vi~ proper ackruJwkd,rnem nf auth.:If'l'htp. III “LIKE NUGGETS FROM A GOLD MINE” SEARCHING FOR BRICKS AND THEIR MAKERS IN „THE OREGON COUNTRY‟ Thesis by Kristin O. Converse ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: The history of the Pacific Northwest has favored large, extractive and national industries such as the fur trade, mining, lumbering, fishing and farming over smaller pioneer enterprises. This multi-disciplinary study attempts to address that oversight by focusing on the early brickmakers in „the Oregon Country‟. Using a combination of archaeometry and historical research, this study attempts to make use of a humble and under- appreciated artifact – brick – to flesh out the forgotten details of the emergence of the brick industry, its role in the shifting local economy, as well as its producers and their economic strategies. Procedure: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis was performed on 89 red, common bricks archaeologically recovered from Fort Vancouver and 113 comparative samples in an attempt to „source‟ the brick. -
Road to Oregon Written by Dr
The Road to Oregon Written by Dr. Jim Tompkins, a prominent local historian and the descendant of Oregon Trail immigrants, The Road to Oregon is a good primer on the history of the Oregon Trail. Unit I. The Pioneers: 1800-1840 Who Explored the Oregon Trail? The emigrants of the 1840s were not the first to travel the Oregon Trail. The colorful history of our country makes heroes out of the explorers, mountain men, soldiers, and scientists who opened up the West. In 1540 the Spanish explorer Coronado ventured as far north as present-day Kansas, but the inland routes across the plains remained the sole domain of Native Americans until 1804, when Lewis and Clark skirted the edges on their epic journey of discovery to the Pacific Northwest and Zeb Pike explored the "Great American Desert," as the Great Plains were then known. The Lewis and Clark Expedition had a direct influence on the economy of the West even before the explorers had returned to St. Louis. Private John Colter left the expedition on the way home in 1806 to take up the fur trade business. For the next 20 years the likes of Manuel Lisa, Auguste and Pierre Choteau, William Ashley, James Bridger, Kit Carson, Tom Fitzgerald, and William Sublette roamed the West. These part romantic adventurers, part self-made entrepreneurs, part hermits were called mountain men. By 1829, Jedediah Smith knew more about the West than any other person alive. The Americans became involved in the fur trade in 1810 when John Jacob Astor, at the insistence of his friend Thomas Jefferson, founded the Pacific Fur Company in New York. -
John Mcloughlin
Fort Vancouver Emigrant Trails Hall of Fame Oregon-California Trails Association John McLoughlin The Pacific Northwest was in turmoil in the 1840s. The Hudson's Bay Company claimed the entire area. They built Fort Vancouver on the Biography banks of the Columbia River, run by Chief Factor Dr. John McLoughlin. Anti-British feelings in the United States were best described by the Born: Jean-Baptiste McLoughlin, 1784, term Manifest Destiny, describing the belief that the United States Riviere-du-Loup, Quebec was destined to expand from coast to coast. American pioneer settlers arrived on the Oregon Trail. The earliest pioneers landed at Fort Van- Died: 1857, Oregon City, Oregon Territory couver. McLoughlin had been told by his superiors that under no cir- Married: Marguerite Wadin McKay cumstances was he to give them aid or comfort. When these early pioneers arrived at Vancouver, they were exhaust- ed. McLoughlin could not knowingly cause them harm. Instead, he provided them with supplies, on his personal credit, from the fort's Achievements warehouses. Numerous Oregon Trail diaries say McLoughlin saved the lives of many Father of Oregon American pioneers, even though it was against his company's orders. Chief Factor, Fort Vancouver, WA Under pressure from the company, McLoughlin made the decision to retire and build in Oregon City. He built the largest house in Oregon Aided emigrants to Oregon Territory City. His house became the social center of the area. before boundary was settled In 1948 the McLoughlin House was named a National Historic Site. In Licensed to practice medicine in 1803 1953, a statue of McLoughlin was placed in United States Capitol Stat- uary Hall. -
Etienne Lucier, a Man of Firsts by Connie Lenzen
Etienne Lucier, a Man of Firsts; Connie Lenzen, CG, 28 September 2014 Etienne Lucier, a Man of Firsts By Connie Lenzen Etienne Lucier, son of Michel Lussier and Victorie (Deline-Edeline) Lussier, was born and baptised on 9 June 1786 in Ste Familie de Boucherville, Canada. He married Josephte Nouite on 23 January 1839 and Marguerite Tschinouk on 10 August 1840; both marriages took place in St. Paul, Oregon. He died 8 March 1853 and was buried 9 March 1853 in St. Paul.1 As a member of the Wilson Price Hunt expedition of 1811–12, he was one of the first North Americans to arrive in Oregon. As one of the twenty endorsers of the 1836 petition to the Bishop of Juliopoles to send a priest “as quick as possible,” he was instrumental in obtaining a Catholic priest to minister to the Oregon settlers.2 In 1829, when he settled into a cabin in what is now Portland, Oregon, he was that city’s first resident.3 As one of the first settlers in French Prairie, he broke sod on one of the richest farmlands in Oregon.4 In 1841 he was a member of the first committee charged with forming a government in Oregon Territory.5 On 2 May 1843, Lucier, along with F. X. Matthieu, provided the deciding votes when the question of establishing an Oregon provisional government was called. With the tally of 52-50, Oregon became part of the United States rather than England.6 Because of his contributions to Oregon’s history, he is one of the 158 names of prominent Oregonians memorialized in the frieze in the Oregon State Capitol.7 The Wilson Price Hunt Expedition and first years in Oregon John Jacob Astor formed the Pacific Fur Company in competition to the Canadian fur trading firms. -
Grandma Rock Emigrants
Manzanita Rest Area California National Historic Trail Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians National Park Service Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Hugo Neighborhood Association Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians and Historical Society The 1846 Applegate Trail—Southern Route to Oregon The perilous last leg of the Oregon Trail down the ‘ Columbia River rapids took lives, including the sons of Jesse and Lindsay Applegate in 1843. The Applegate brothers and others vowed to look for an all-land route into Oregon from Fort Hall (in present-day Idaho) for future settlers. Additionally, It was important to have a way by such we could leave the country without running the gauntlet of the Hudson’s Bay Co.’s forts and falling prey to Indians which were under British influence. -Lindsay Applegate In 1846 Jesse and Lindsay Applegate and 13 others Father and Uncle Jesse, seeing their children from near Dallas, Oregon, headed south following old drowning, were seized with frenzy, and dropping their oars, sprang from their seats trapper trails into a remote region of Oregon Country. and were about to make a desperate attempt First they crossed the Calapooya Mountains, then the to swim to them. But Mother and Aunt Cynthia Umpqua Valley, Canyon Creek, and the Rogue Valley. cried out, ‘Men, don't quit your oars! If you do, we'll all be lost!’ They next turned east and went over the Cascade -Lindsay Applegate’s son Jesse Mountains to the lakes of the Klamath Basin. The party detoured around the lakes and located the Our hearts are broken.