John Mcloughlin

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Fort Vancouver Emigrant Trails Hall of Fame Oregon-California Trails Association John McLoughlin The Pacific Northwest was in turmoil in the 1840s. The Hudson's Bay Company claimed the entire area. They built Fort Vancouver on the Biography banks of the Columbia River, run by Chief Factor Dr. John McLoughlin. Anti-British feelings in the United States were best described by the Born: Jean-Baptiste McLoughlin, 1784, term Manifest Destiny, describing the belief that the United States Riviere-du-Loup, Quebec was destined to expand from coast to coast. American pioneer settlers arrived on the Oregon Trail. The earliest pioneers landed at Fort Van- Died: 1857, Oregon City, Oregon Territory couver. McLoughlin had been told by his superiors that under no cir- Married: Marguerite Wadin McKay cumstances was he to give them aid or comfort. When these early pioneers arrived at Vancouver, they were exhaust- ed. McLoughlin could not knowingly cause them harm. Instead, he provided them with supplies, on his personal credit, from the fort's Achievements warehouses. Numerous Oregon Trail diaries say McLoughlin saved the lives of many Father of Oregon American pioneers, even though it was against his company's orders. Chief Factor, Fort Vancouver, WA Under pressure from the company, McLoughlin made the decision to retire and build in Oregon City. He built the largest house in Oregon Aided emigrants to Oregon Territory City. His house became the social center of the area. before boundary was settled In 1948 the McLoughlin House was named a National Historic Site. In Licensed to practice medicine in 1803 1953, a statue of McLoughlin was placed in United States Capitol Stat- uary Hall. In 1957, McLoughlin was named by the Oregon Legislature as the “Father of Oregon.” Today, many Oregon landmarks, from schools, streets, neighborhoods, and even a mountain are named for him. These are appropriate acknowledgments of Dr. McLoughlin's ac- tions for saving many pioneers and helping bring former HBC land into United States territory. .

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Oregon and Manifest Destiny Americans Began to Settle All Over the Oregon Country in the 1830S
NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ CLASS ____________ Manifest Destiny Lesson 1 The Oregon Country ESSENTIAL QUESTION Terms to Know joint occupation people from two countries living How does geography influence the way in the same region people live? mountain man person who lived in the Rocky Mountains and made his living by trapping animals GUIDING QUESTIONS for their fur 1. Why did Americans want to control the emigrants people who leave their country Oregon Country? prairie schooner cloth-covered wagon that was 2. What is Manifest Destiny? used by pioneers to travel West in the mid-1800s Manifest Destiny the idea that the United States was meant to spread freedom from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean Where in the world? 54°40'N Alaska Claimed by U.S. and Mexico (Russia) Oregon Trail BRITISH OREGON 49°N TERRITORY Bo undary (1846) COUNTRY N E W S UNITED STATES MEXICO PACIFIC OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN When did it happen? DOPA (Discovering our Past - American History) RESG Chapter1815 13 1825 1835 1845 1855 Map Title: Oregon Country, 1846 File Name: C12-05A-NGS-877712_A.ai Map Size: 39p6 x 26p0 Date/Proof: March 22, 2011 - 3rd Proof 2016 Font Conversions: February 26, 2015 1819 Adams- 1846 U.S. and Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission 1824 Russia 1836 Whitmans Onís Treaty gives up claim to arrive in Oregon Britain agree to Oregon 49˚N as border 1840s Americans of Oregon begin the “great migration” to Oregon 165 NAME _____________________________________________ DATE __________________ CLASS ____________ Manifest Destiny Lesson 1 The Oregon Country, Continued Rivalry in the Northwest The Oregon Country covered much more land than today’s state Mark of Oregon.
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George Simpson to John Mcloughlin, 1842
George Simpson to John McLoughlin, 1842 By Governor George Simpson Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) Governor George Simpson wrote this short letter to John McLoughlin, chief factor of the company’s Columbia Department, on April 27, 1842, to inform him of the recent murder of his son, John McLoughlin, Jr. “Young John” was chief trader of Fort Stikine, a fur-trading post rented from the Russian American Company on the southeast Alaskan coast. This typescripted version was edited by E. E. Rich and published in 1943 in The Letters of John McLoughlin from Fort Vancouver to the Governor and Committee, Second Series, 1839 – 44 John McLoughlin, Jr. was born on August 18, 1812. For most of his youth, he was raised apart from his father, primarily by his great-uncle, Simon Fraser. Although young John’s first appeal to join the ranks of the HBC was denied (by Simpson himself), his subsequent participation in James Dickson’s failed “Indian Liberating Army” in 1836 gave cause for Simpson to re-evaluate his earlier assessment. Simpson decided to offer young John, along with several other trouble-making “half-breeds” like him, positions in the company rather than have them unemployed and directionless within HBC trading territory. Young John was made chief trader of Fort Stikine during the spring of 1841. He was murdered there in April 1842. Simpson discovered the death of young John while on a tour of the Columbia Department’s coastal operations. Although his letter to McLoughlin was brief, Simpson’s depiction of the murder as “justifiable homicide” enraged the bereaved father.
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Etienne Lucier
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Joseph Delard by Connie Lenzen, CG
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Fort Vancouver NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE
Fort Vancouver NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE WASHINGTON his energetic leadership, the Hudson's Bay bank of the Columbia. Lumber, pickled Company won a virtual monopoly of the fur salmon, and other products of Fort Van trade in the Oregon country; and the firm's couver's mills, drying sheds, forges, and Fort Columbia Department was expanded until it shops supplied not only the wants of the fur stretched from the Rockies to the Pacific, trade but also a brisk commerce with such from Russian Alaska to Mexican California, distant places as the Hawaiian Islands, Cali with outposts on San Francisco Bay and in fornia, and the Russian settlements in Alaska. Hawaii. The farms and the busy shops and mills at Vancouver Fort Vancouver was the nerve center of Fort Vancouver marked the beginning of this vast commercial empire. From its ware large-scale agriculture and industry in the houses went out the supplies for the many Pacific Northwest. NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE interior posts, for the fur brigades which Much of the cultural and social life of ranged as far distant as present-day Utah and the Oregon country also revolved about Fort Vancouver. Here were established the first Here we commemorate the men of the fur trade and their part in developing California, and for the vessels and forts which dominated the coastal trade well up school, the first circulating library, the first the Pacific Northwest. the shoreline of Alaska. At Fort Vancouver theater, and several of the earliest churches each year the fur returns of the entire western in the Northwest.
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Interpretation and Conclusions
"LIKE NUGGETS FROM A GOLD MINEu SEARCHING FOR BRICKS AND THEIR MAKERS IN 'THE OREGON COUNTRY' B~f' Kmtm (1 COfwer~ ;\ th¢...i, ...uhmineJ Ilt SOIl(mla Slale UFU vcr,il y 11'1 partial fulfiUlT'Ietlt of the fCqlJln:mcntfi for the dcgr~ of MASTER OF ARTS tn Copyright 2011 by Kristin O. Converse ii AUTHORlZAnON FOR REPRODUCnON OF MASTER'S THESISIPROJECT 1pM' pernlt"j(m I~ n:pnll.lm.:til.m of Ihi$ rhais in ib endrel)" \Ii' !tbout runt\er uuthorilAtlOO fn.)m me. on the condiHt)Jllhat the per",)f1 Of a,eocy rl;!'(lucMing reproduction the "'OS$. and 1:Jf't)vi~ proper ackruJwkd,rnem nf auth.:If'l'htp. III “LIKE NUGGETS FROM A GOLD MINE” SEARCHING FOR BRICKS AND THEIR MAKERS IN „THE OREGON COUNTRY‟ Thesis by Kristin O. Converse ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: The history of the Pacific Northwest has favored large, extractive and national industries such as the fur trade, mining, lumbering, fishing and farming over smaller pioneer enterprises. This multi-disciplinary study attempts to address that oversight by focusing on the early brickmakers in „the Oregon Country‟. Using a combination of archaeometry and historical research, this study attempts to make use of a humble and under- appreciated artifact – brick – to flesh out the forgotten details of the emergence of the brick industry, its role in the shifting local economy, as well as its producers and their economic strategies. Procedure: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis was performed on 89 red, common bricks archaeologically recovered from Fort Vancouver and 113 comparative samples in an attempt to „source‟ the brick.
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Churches of Christ and Christian Churches in Early Oregon, 1842-1882 Jerry Rushford Pepperdine University
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