DOCSLIB.ORG

Columbia River Crossing FEIS Ch. 3 Sect. 8 Historic and Archaeological

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Columbia River Crossing FEIS Ch. 3 Sect. 8 Historic and Archaeological FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT 3.8 Historic and Archaeological Resources The cultural resources in a given area form a vital contribution to the sense of place and identity for those who live, work, and visit that area. Cultural resources are broadly divided into the historic built environment (buildings, structures, and objects), archaeological sites, and other defined features or areas that are important to maintaining cultural identity. Because of their importance, various types of cultural resources are protected by federal, state, and/or local laws. The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 (as amended) establishes a process for identifying and preserving historic properties and resources in the United States. In particular, Section 106 of the NHPA defines the process by which federal agencies must take into account the effects of their undertakings on any district, site, building, structure, or object that is included on or eligible for inclusion (listing) on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Section 106 applies whenever there is a federal nexus to a project, that is, whenever the project requires a federal permit, uses federal dollars, or takes place (in whole or in part) on federal lands. The Section 106 regulatory procedures and requirements (provided in 36 CFR 800) require that “consulting parties”—parties with legal jurisdiction over or special interest in historic properties or resources—be included in decision-making that affects those resources. This includes the state department or office chartered to address the preservation of the state’s historic resources, other legal entities entrusted with the care and preservation of historic resources, as well as any Native American tribes with tribal ties to or an interest in the affected areas. A cultural resource is considered an “historic property,” and “significant” pursuant to 36 CFR 800, if it is determined to be National Register-eligible. Eligible properties generally must be at least 50 years old, possess integrity of physical characteristics, and meet at least one of the four criteria of significance: A. That are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. B. That are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. C. That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic value, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. D. That have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. For the CRC project, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA), the lead federal agencies for the project, identified the following Section 106 consulting parties: • Chinook Tribe, Washington • City of Portland HISTORIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES EXISTING CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES • 3-211 COLUMBIA RIVER CROSSING • City of Vancouver • Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, Washington • Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Washington • Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon • Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation, Oregon • Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation, Oregon • Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon • Cowlitz Indian Tribe, Washington • National Park Service (NPS) • Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho • Oregon State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) • Spokane Tribe of the Spokane Reservation, Washington • Nisqually Indian Tribe, Washington • United States Army Corps of Engineers • Washington Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) • Washington Department of Natural Resources TERMS & DEFINITIONS Accordingly, each of these consulting parties was notified of the project and Consulting Party given opportunity to participate. In addition, information about the project’s consideration of historic properties, excluding sensitive archaeological Section 106 requires 8 that “consulting parties” resources, was discussed publicly through the project’s public involvement be involved in all program, which included a Cultural Resources Open House (see Chapter 6 determinations of eligibility, and the Cultural Resources Technical Report for more information). These findings of effect, and discussions have occurred throughout the project’s conceptual alternative any Memorandum during development and evaluation phases, and will continue through construction. the Section 106 process. These consulting parties include the State Historic Historic properties that are NRHP-listed or determined to be Preservation Offices (DAHP NRHP-eligible may also be subject to Section 4(f ) provisions of the and SHPO), federally and Department of Transportation Act of 1966. In addition, for archaeological non-federally recognized tribes, local government, sites that are NRHP-eligible under multiple criteria, the artifacts may warrant and other individuals preservation in place, and would therefore qualify as Section 4(f ) properties. or organizations with a The project team prepared a Section 4(f ) Evaluation covering the historic demonstrated interest in the properties whose NRHP qualifying characteristics may be “used” by the project and its effects on proposed project, and for three archaeological sites that are subject to Section historic properties. 4(f ) provisions. The 4(f ) Evaluation is in Chapter 5 of the FEIS. This section summarizes the potential adverse effects of the CRC project alternatives, and of the locally preferred alternative (LPA) in particular, on cultural resources in the project area and identifies mitigation measures to avoid or compensate for those effects. The information presented in this section is based on the CRC Archaeology and Historic Built Environment Technical Reports. These technical reports are included as electronic appendices to this FEIS. 8 Information regarding certain sensitive historic or cultural resources can be legally withheld from the public at large in order to protect those resources. 3-212 • CHAPTER 3 HISTORIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT This section focuses primarily on the LPA. A comparison of impacts from the LPA and the DEIS alternatives is summarized in Exhibit 3.8-8. A more detailed description of the impacts of the DEIS alternatives on historic and archaeological resources is in the DEIS starting on page 3-211. 3.8.1 New Information Developed Since the Draft EIS Since the completion of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS), and in accordance with 36 CFR 800, the project has continued to follow the appropriate steps for identification and evaluation of resources and determinations of effects. Analytical steps completed since the publication of the DEIS include the following: • Completed a shading analysis of the historic apple tree in Apple Tree Park, where new highway ramps would encroach on the tree. • Conducted a parking utilization analysis to help identify critical on-street parking deficits. These deficits could indicate areas where loss-of-parking might have an effect on the occupancy and/or use of historic buildings or an adverse effect on characteristics that make the buildings historically significant. • Conducted additional historic built-environment and archaeological investigations regarding the Ruby Junction Maintenance Facility and potential staging areas and casting yards. • Conducted ethnographic/oral histories to assist in identifying historic and archaeological resources important to Native Americans, including, but not limited to, traditional cultural properties. • Performed pedestrian archaeological surveys of accessible areas that would experience potential adverse effects. This survey consisted of archaeologists walking over the ground surface to determine the presence or absence of archaeological resources visible on the ground and to characterize the likelihood of areas to contain buried resources. • Used non-invasive ground penetrating radar (GPR) to identify subsurface soil anomalies that could indicate the location of potential archaeological features and guide archaeological subsurface investigations. • Collected and observed geo-core samples at geotechnical drilling locations to investigate the potential for the presence of archaeological resources. • Monitored geotechnical drilling to identify presence or absence of archaeological resources in the samples. • Performed subsurface archaeological testing to delineate the boundaries and evaluate the significance of archaeological sites. • In coordination with the Oregon SHPO and the property owner, assessed impacts to LCI-713, an NRHP-listed ship moved into the study area after the completion of the historic survey in 2007. HISTORIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES EXISTING CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES • 3-213 COLUMBIA RIVER CROSSING In addition to new information developed since the DEIS, the FEIS includes refinements in design, impacts and mitigation measures. Where new information or design changes could potentially create new significant environmental impacts not previously evaluated in the DEIS, or could be meaningful to the decision-making process, this information and these changes were applied to all alternatives, as appropriate. However, most of the new information did not warrant updating analysis of the non-preferred alternatives because it would not
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Army Regulars on the Western Frontier, 1848-1861 / Dunvood Ball
    Amy Regulars on the WestmFrontieq r 848-1 861 This page intentionally left blank Army Regulars on the Western Frontier DURWOOD BALL University of Oklahoma Press :Norman Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ball, Dunvood, 1960- Army regulars on the western frontier, 1848-1861 / Dunvood Ball. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8061-3312-0 I. West (U.S.)-History, Military-I 9th century. 2. United States. Army-History- 19th century. 3. United States-Military policy-19th century. 4. Frontier and pioneer life-West (U.S.) 5. West (US.)-Race relations. 6. Indians of North Arnerica- Government relations-1789-1869. 7. Indians of North America-West (U.S.)- History-19th century. 8. Civil-military relations-West (U.S.)-History-19th century. 9. Violence-West (U.S.)-History-I 9th century. I. Title. F593 .B18 2001 3 5~'.00978'09034-dcz I 00-047669 CIP The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc. m Copyright O 2001 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A. 12345678910 For Mom, Dad, and Kristina This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Maps IX Preface XI Acknowledgments xv INT R o D U C T I o N : Organize, Deploy, and Multiply XIX Prologue 3 PART I. DEFENSE, WAR, AND POLITICS I Ambivalent Duty: Soldiers, Indians, and Frontiersmen I 3 2 All Front, No Rear: Soldiers, Desert, and War 24 3 Chastise Them: Campaigns, Combat, and Killing 3 8 4 Internal Fissures: Soldiers, Politics, and Sectionalism 56 PART 11.
    [Show full text]
  • April 2001 Chapter Website
    1 NORTHWEST OCTA UPDATE AND JOURNAL NEWSLETTER of the NORTHWEST CHAPTER April 2001 Chapter Website: http://www.nwocta.com/ http://www.nwocta.com/octastore Lethene Parks: President Don Popejoy: Editor Website, National President and National Preservation. Lethene then made a Call for General Membership Meeting members to help with chapter projects. Joyce March 10, 2001 Bolerjack and Gail Carbiener stepped forward to The Dallas, Oregon develop a new chapter budget. Glenn Harrison took on the added responsibility of updating the chapter This day was the same as most days in the Columbia Bylaws. Marley Shurtleff volunteered to write a River Gorge in early March: windy, overcast with a chapter handbook as a guideline for new officers and smattering of sunshine, chilly but promising Spring board members. The Raffle, held just before the lunch would soon be here. However, today there was a big break, brought into the chapter difference at the Columbia Gorge Discovery Center; some 60 plus Northwest chapter members attended the first meeting of the year. Chapter President Lethene Parks called the meeting to order and the minutes for last years meeting were accepted. The Treasurer’s report was given by Joyce Bolerjack followed by the Membership totals. A Bylaws change was made which increased chapter dues to a more healthy $10 per membership, effect June 1, 2001. Rich Herman was elected to the board of directors, filling the position left vacant by Jack Holmes. Next came the highlight of the morning meeting: Joyce Bolerjack was presented with the Dick and Trudy Ackerman Meritorious Achievement Award for her outstanding work and devotion to the Northwest chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • Microfilm Publication M617, Returns from U.S
    Publication Number: M-617 Publication Title: Returns from U.S. Military Posts, 1800-1916 Date Published: 1968 RETURNS FROM U.S. MILITARY POSTS, 1800-1916 On the 1550 rolls of this microfilm publication, M617, are reproduced returns from U.S. military posts from the early 1800's to 1916, with a few returns extending through 1917. Most of the returns are part of Record Group 94, Records of the Adjutant General's Office; the remainder is part of Record Group 393, Records of United States Army Continental Commands, 1821-1920, and Record Group 395, Records of United States Army Overseas Operations and Commands, 1898-1942. The commanding officer of every post, as well ad commanders of all other bodies of troops such as department, division, brigade, regiment, or detachment, was required by Army Regulations to submit a return (a type of personnel report) to The Adjutant General at specified intervals, usually monthly, on forms provided by that office. Several additions and modifications were made in the form over the years, but basically it was designed to show the units that were stationed at a particular post and their strength, the names and duties of the officers, the number of officers present and absent, a listing of official communications received, and a record of events. In the early 19th century the form used for the post return usually was the same as the one used for regimental or organizational returns. Printed forms were issued by the Adjutant General’s Office, but more commonly used were manuscript forms patterned after the printed forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Vancouver NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE
    Fort Vancouver NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE WASHINGTON his energetic leadership, the Hudson's Bay bank of the Columbia. Lumber, pickled Company won a virtual monopoly of the fur salmon, and other products of Fort Van­ trade in the Oregon country; and the firm's couver's mills, drying sheds, forges, and Fort Columbia Department was expanded until it shops supplied not only the wants of the fur stretched from the Rockies to the Pacific, trade but also a brisk commerce with such from Russian Alaska to Mexican California, distant places as the Hawaiian Islands, Cali­ with outposts on San Francisco Bay and in fornia, and the Russian settlements in Alaska. Hawaii. The farms and the busy shops and mills at Vancouver Fort Vancouver was the nerve center of Fort Vancouver marked the beginning of this vast commercial empire. From its ware­ large-scale agriculture and industry in the houses went out the supplies for the many Pacific Northwest. NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE interior posts, for the fur brigades which Much of the cultural and social life of ranged as far distant as present-day Utah and the Oregon country also revolved about Fort Vancouver. Here were established the first Here we commemorate the men of the fur trade and their part in developing California, and for the vessels and forts which dominated the coastal trade well up school, the first circulating library, the first the Pacific Northwest. the shoreline of Alaska. At Fort Vancouver theater, and several of the earliest churches each year the fur returns of the entire western in the Northwest.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical and Archaeological Evidence of 19Th Century Fever
    CAROLINE D. CARLEY the social, cultural, and economic center of the Oregon Country (Hussey 19572). In addition to the established fort proper, a Historical and Archaeological village for employees, called Kanaka Village, grew up southwest of the stockaded quarters, Evidence of 19th Century stores, and warehouses. South of this village, Fever Epidemics and Medicine another cluster of structures was established. Referred to today as the Riverside Complex, at Hudson’s Bay Company’s this group of buildings near the riverbank in- Fort Vancouver cluded boat sheds, a cooper’s shop, a hospital, tan pits, and several domestic dwellings. ABSTRACT The Riverside Complex was discovered on a narrow stretch of land between a major state During the Hudson’s Bay Company’s occupation of highway and a railroad embankment during Fort Vancouver in the Pacific Northwest, fevers in excavations of 45CL300 in the summers of epidemic proportions occurred intermittently through- 1974, 1975, and 1977. The projects were out the late 1820s and early 1830s, severely affecting the Company’s employees, operations, and aboriginal funded by the Washington State Highway population. Department, through the Office of Public Evidence of these epidemics has been found in the Archaeology at the University of Washington. archaeological record of a little known complex associ- The features and artifacts recovered indicated ated with Fort Vancouver. The investigation of 19th the presence of diverse Hudson’s Bay Com- century medical beliefs and practices aided in the in- terpretation of site activities as responses to the epi- pany activities in the area. A stockade trench demics. and numerous fire pits filled with charcoal were among the more unique features un- Introduction covered (Chance 1976, Chance and Chance 1976, Carley n.d.).
    [Show full text]
  • Interpretation and Conclusions
    "LIKE NUGGETS FROM A GOLD MINEu SEARCHING FOR BRICKS AND THEIR MAKERS IN 'THE OREGON COUNTRY' B~f' Kmtm (1 COfwer~ ;\ th¢...i, ...uhmineJ Ilt SOIl(mla Slale UFU vcr,il y 11'1 partial fulfiUlT'Ietlt of the fCqlJln:mcntfi for the dcgr~ of MASTER OF ARTS tn Copyright 2011 by Kristin O. Converse ii AUTHORlZAnON FOR REPRODUCnON OF MASTER'S THESISIPROJECT 1pM' pernlt"j(m I~ n:pnll.lm.:til.m of Ihi$ rhais in ib endrel)" \Ii' !tbout runt\er uuthorilAtlOO fn.)m me. on the condiHt)Jllhat the per",)f1 Of a,eocy rl;!'(lucMing reproduction the "'OS$. and 1:Jf't)vi~ proper ackruJwkd,rnem nf auth.:If'l'htp. III “LIKE NUGGETS FROM A GOLD MINE” SEARCHING FOR BRICKS AND THEIR MAKERS IN „THE OREGON COUNTRY‟ Thesis by Kristin O. Converse ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: The history of the Pacific Northwest has favored large, extractive and national industries such as the fur trade, mining, lumbering, fishing and farming over smaller pioneer enterprises. This multi-disciplinary study attempts to address that oversight by focusing on the early brickmakers in „the Oregon Country‟. Using a combination of archaeometry and historical research, this study attempts to make use of a humble and under- appreciated artifact – brick – to flesh out the forgotten details of the emergence of the brick industry, its role in the shifting local economy, as well as its producers and their economic strategies. Procedure: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis was performed on 89 red, common bricks archaeologically recovered from Fort Vancouver and 113 comparative samples in an attempt to „source‟ the brick.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of the “Old Apple Tree,”
    A SHORT HISTORY OF THE “OLD APPLE TREE,” LOCATED IN THE OLD APPLE TREE PARK, VANCOUVER NATIONAL HISTORIC RESERVE, VANCOUVER, WASHINGTON, COMPILED FROM VARIOUS HISTORICAL SOURCES By Robert J. Cromwell, Ph.D. Fort Vancouver National Historic Site National Park Service 612 East Reserve St Vancouver, Washington 98661 September, 2010 Northwest Cultural Resources Institute Short Report No. 34 1 Introduction The “Old Apple Tree,” is located within Old Apple Tree Park, which is a part of the City of Vancouver Parks and Recreation Department, but also within the Vancouver National Historic Reserve (VNHR). The VNHR is a congressionally legislated Reserve located in Clark County, Vancouver, Washington, with historical contexts commemorating the prehistoric past, as well as historic elements associated with the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) Fort Vancouver, the U.S. Army Vancouver Barracks, and the Kaiser Shipyards. The VNHR is jointly managed by the National Park Service (NPS), the City of Vancouver, the U.S. Army, and the State of Washington. Although Old Apple Tree Park is managed by the City of Vancouver, the NPS acts as the lead federal agency for all Sec. 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act undertakings throughout the VNHR, and as the lead on cultural resources issues. It is under these auspices that this effort at recording the historical significance of the tree is being made by the NPS. Specifically, the Old Apple Tree is located in the Northeast (NE) ¼ section of the Southwest (SW) ¼ section of Section 27, Range 1E, Township 2 N, Willamette Meridian (Figure 1). It can be accessed from the south by pedestrians through a tunnel under the BNSF Railway railroad berm, coming from Columbia Way Boulevard; or from the east via the Landbridge Pedestrian Trail, which crosses over SR-14.
    [Show full text]
  • CTUIR Traditional Use Study of Willamette Falls and Lower
    Traditional Use Study of Willamette Falls and the Lower Columbia River by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Jennifer Karson Engum, Ph.D. Cultural Resources Protection Program Report prepared for CTUIR Board of Trustees Fish and Wildlife Commission Cultural Resources Committee CAYUSE, UMATILLAANDWALLA WALLA TRIBES November 16, 2020 CONFEDERATED TRIBES of the Umatilla Indian Reservation 46411 Timíne Way PENDLETON, OREGON TREATY JUNE 9, 1855 REDACTED FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION Traditional Use Study of Willamette Falls and the Lower Columbia River by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Prepared by Jennifer Karson Engum, Ph.D. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Department of Natural Resources Cultural Resources Protection Program 46411 Timíne Way Pendleton, Oregon 97801 Prepared for CTUIR Board of Trustees Fish and Wildlife Commission Cultural Resources Committee November 16, 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Umatilla (Imatalamłáma), Cayuse (Weyíiletpu), and Walla Walla (Walúulapam) peoples, who comprise the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR), have traveled throughout the west, including to the lower Columbia and Willamette Rivers and to Willamette Falls, to exercise their reserved treaty rights to hunt, fish, and gather the traditional subsistence resources known as the First Foods. They have been doing so since time immemorial, an important indigenous concept which describes a time continuum that spans from ancient times to present day. In post- contact years, interactions expanded to include explorers, traders and missionaries, who brought with them new opportunities for trade and intermarriage as well as the devastating circumstances brought by disease, warfare, and the reservation era. Through cultural adaptation and uninterrupted treaty rights, the CTUIR never ceased to continue to travel to the lower Columbia and Willamette River and falls for seasonal traditional practice and for other purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • 96> ? SOLDIER in the SOUTHWEST: the CAREER of GENERAL AV
    Soldier in the Southwest: the career of General A. V. Kautz, 1869-1886 Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Wallace, Andrew Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 11/10/2021 12:35:25 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/552260 7?/ /96> ? zyz /, / {LOjO. >2y SOLDIER IN THE SOUTHWEST: THE CAREER OF GENERAL A. V. KAUTZ, 1869-1886 by ANDREW WALLACE Volume I A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In The Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1968 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Andrew W h-U r c p __________________________________ entitled _________ Soldier in the Southwest:______________ The Career of General A. V. Kautz, 1869-1886 be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy_________________________ Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination.
    [Show full text]
  • An Historical Overview of Vancouver Barracks, 1846-1898, with Suggestions for Further Research
    Part I, “Our Manifest Destiny Bids Fair for Fulfillment”: An Historical Overview of Vancouver Barracks, 1846-1898, with suggestions for further research Military men and women pose for a group photo at Vancouver Barracks, circa 1880s Photo courtesy of Clark County Museum written by Donna L. Sinclair Center for Columbia River History Funded by The National Park Service, Department of the Interior Final Copy, February 2004 This document is the first in a research partnership between the Center for Columbia River History (CCRH) and the National Park Service (NPS) at Fort Vancouver National Historic Site. The Park Service contracts with CCRH to encourage and support professional historical research, study, lectures and development in higher education programs related to the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site and the Vancouver National Historic Reserve (VNHR). CCRH is a consortium of the Washington State Historical Society, Portland State University, and Washington State University Vancouver. The mission of the Center for Columbia River History is to promote study of the history of the Columbia River Basin. Introduction For more than 150 years, Vancouver Barracks has been a site of strategic importance in the Pacific Northwest. Established in 1849, the post became a supply base for troops, goods, and services to the interior northwest and the western coast. Throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century soldiers from Vancouver were deployed to explore the northwest, build regional transportation and communication systems, respond to Indian-settler conflicts, and control civil and labor unrest. A thriving community developed nearby, deeply connected economically and socially with the military base. From its inception through WWII, Vancouver was a distinctly military place, an integral part of the city’s character.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Wars.8-98.P65
    A Guide to the Microfiche Edition of Research Collections in Native American Studies The Indian Wars of the West and Frontier Army Life, 18621898 Official Histories and Personal Narratives UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfiche Edition of THE INDIAN WARS OF THE WEST AND FRONTIER ARMY LIFE, 1862–1898 Official Histories and Personal Narratives Project Editor and Guide Compiled by: Robert E. Lester A microfiche project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Indian wars of the West and frontier army life, 1862–1898 [microform] : official histories and personal narratives / project editor, Robert E. Lester microfiche. Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Robert E. Lester, entitled: A guide to the microfiche edition of The Indian wars of the West and frontier army life, 1862–1898. ISBN 1-55655-598-9 (alk. paper) 1. Indians of North America--Wars--1862–1865--Sources. 2. Indians of North America--Wars--1866–1895--Sources. 3. United States. Army--Military life--History--19th century--Sources. 4. West (U.S.)--History--19th century--Sources. I. Lester, Robert. II. University Publications of America (Firm) III. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of The Indian wars of the West and frontier army life, 1862–1898. [E81] 978'.02—dc21 98-12605 CIP Copyright © 1998 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-598-9. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content Note ................................................................................................. v Arrangement of Material .................................................................................................. ix List of Contributing Institutions ..................................................................................... xi Source Note .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Part III, a Military Community Between the Wars, Vancouver, Washington
    Part III, Riptide on the Columbia: A Military Community Between the Wars, Vancouver, Washington and the Vancouver National Historic Reserve, 1920-1942, with suggestions for further research written by Donna L. Sinclair Center for Columbia River History with research assistance from Joshua Binus This document is the third in a research partnership between the Center for Columbia River History (CCRH) and the Department of the Interior National Park Service at Fort Vancouver National Historic Site in Vancouver, Washington. The National Park Service contracts with CCRH to encourage and support professional historical research, study, lectures and development in higher education programs related to the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site and the Vancouver National Historic Reserve (VNHR). The Center for Columbia River History is a consortium of the Washington State Historical Society, Portland State University, and Washington State University Vancouver. The mission of the Center for Columbia River History (www.ccrh.org) is to promote the study of the history of the Columbia River Basin. CCRH is dedicated to examining “hidden histories” in the Basin and to helping people think about the historical record from different perspectives. Funded by the National Park Service, Department of the Interior Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vancouver National Historic Reserve Printed, Vancouver, Washington, January 2005 Preface The site of the Vancouver National Historic Reserve has been strategically important for centuries. First, native people occupied the region, living along a trade route that was among the most populated areas in North America. Then in 1825, the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) established a fur trade post at the site along the Columbia River.
    [Show full text]