Inspection Policy and Procedures for Rail Transit Tunnels and Underground Structures
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T R A N S I T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M SPONSORED BY The Federal Transit Administration TCRP Synthesis 23 Inspection Policy and Procedures For Rail Transit Tunnels and Underground Structures A Synthesis of Transit Practice Transportation Research Board National Research Council TCRP OVERSIGHT AND PROJECT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 1997 SELECTION COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN OFFICERS MICHAEL S. TOWNES Peninsula Transportation District Chair: DAVID N. WORMLEY, Dean of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University Commission Vice Chair: SHARON D. BANKS, General Manager, AC Transit Executive Director: ROBERT E. SKINNER, JR., Transportation Research Board, National Research Council MEMBERS SHARON D. BANKS MEMBERS AC Transit LEE BARNES BRIAN J. L. BERRY, Lloyd Viel Berkner Regental Professor, Bruton Center for Development Studies, Barwood Inc University of Texas at Dallas GERALD L. BLAIR LILLIAN C. BORRONE, Director, Port Department, The PortAuthority of New York and New Jersey (Past Indiana County Transit Authority Chair, 1995) SHIRLEY A. DELIBERO DAVID BURWELL, President, Rails-to-Trails Conservancy New Jersey Transit Corporation E. DEAN CARLSON, Secretary, Kansas Department of Transportation ROD J. DIRIDON JAMES N. DENN. Commissioner, Minnesota Department of Transportation International Institute for Surface JOHN W. FISHER, Director, ATISS Engineering Research Center, Lehigh University Transportation Policy Study DENNIS J. FITZGERALD, Executive Director, Capital District Transportation Authority SANDRA DRAGGOO DAVID R. GOODE, Chairman, President, and CEO, Norfolk Southern Corporation CATA DELON HAMPTON, Chairman & CEO, Delon Hampton & Associates LOUIS J. GAMBACCINI LESTER A. HOEL, Hamilton Professor, University of Virginia, Department of Civil Engineering SEPTA JAMES L. LAMMIE, President & CEO, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc DELON HAMPTON BRADLEY L. MALLORY, Secretary of Transportation, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Delon Hampton & Associates ROBERT E. MARTINEZ, Secretary of Transportation, Commonwealth of Virginia KATHARINE HUNTER-ZAWORSKI JEFFREY J. McCAIG, President & CEO, Trimac Corporation Transportation Research Institute MARSHALL W. MOORE, Director, North Dakota Department of Transportation ALAN F. KIEPPER CRAIG E. PHILIP, President, Ingram Barge Company Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas ANDREA RINIKER, Deputy Executive Director, Port of Seattle PAUL LARROUSSE JOHN M. SAMUELS, Vice President-Operating Assets, Consolidated Rail Corporation Madison Metro Transit System WAYNE SHACKLEFORD, Commissioner, Georgia Department of Transportation ROBERT G. LINGWOOD LESLIE STERMAN, Executive Director of East-West Gateway Coordinating Council BC Transit JOSEPH M. SUSSMAN, JR East Professor and Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT GORDON J. LINTON JAMES W. VAN LOBEN SELS, Director, California Department of Transportation FTA MARTIN WACHS, Director, University of California Transportation Center Berkeley, California DON S. MONROE DAVID L. WINSTEAD, Secretary, Maryland Department of Transportation Pierce Transit PATRICIA "Tish" S. NETTLESHIP The Nettleship Group, Inc ROBERT E. PAASWELL MIKE ACOTT, President, National Asphalt Pavement Association (ex officio) The City College of New York ROY A. ALLEN, Vice President, Research and Test Department, Association of American Railroads (ex JAMES P. REICHERT officio) Reichert Management Services JOE N. BALLARD, Chief of Engineers and Commander, U S Army Corps of Engineers (ex officio) LAWRENCE G. REUTER ANDREW H. CARD, JR, President & CEO, American Automobile Manufacturers Association (ex officio) New York City Transit Authority THOMAS J. DONOHUE, President and CEO, American Trucking Associations, Inc (ex officio) PAUL TOLIVER FRANCIS B. FRANCOIS. Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and Transportation King County Department of Officials (ex officio) Transportation/Metro DAVID GARDINER, Assistant Administrator, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, U.S. LINDA WATSON EnvironmentalProtection Agency (ex officio) Corpus Christi RTA JANE F. GARVEY, Acting Federal Highway Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) EDWARD WYTKIND ALBERT J. HERBERGER, Maritime Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) AFL-CIO T. R. LAKSHMANAN, Director, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) GORDON J. LINTON, Federal Transit Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) EX OFFICIO MEMBERS RICARDO MARTINEZ, Administrator, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (ex officio) WILLIAM W. MILLAR WILLIAM W. MILLAR, President. American Public Transit Association (ex officio) APTA JOLENE M. MOLITORIS, Federal Railroad Administrator; U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) RODNEY E. SLATER DHARMENDRA K. (DAVE) SHARMA, Administrator, Research & Special Programs Administration, U.S. FHWA Department of Transportation (ex officio) FRANCIS B. FRANCOIS BARRY L. VALENTINE, Acting Federal Aviation Administrator, U.S. Department of Transportation AASHTO (ex officio) ROBERT E. SKINNER, JR. TRB TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM TDC EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FRANK J. CIHAK Transportation Research Board Executive Committee Subcommittee for TCRP APTA SHARON D. BANKS, AC Transit DENNIS J. FITZGERALD, Capital District Transportation Authority SECRETARY LESTER A. HOEL, University of Virginia ROBERT J. REILLY GORDON J. LINTON, US Department of Transportation TRB ROBERT E. SKINNER, JR, Transportation Research Board JAMES W. VAN LOBEN SELS, California Department of Transportation DAVID N. WORMLEY, Pennsylvania State University (Chair) T R A N S I T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R AM Synthesis of Transit Practice 23 Inspection Policy and Procedures for Rail Transit Tunnels and Underground Structures HENRY A. RUSSELL, P.G. and JON GILMORE, A.I.C.P. Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc TOPIC PANEL D.W. (BILL) DEARASAUGH, Transportation Research Board MOHAMMAD IRSHAD, DeLeuw, Cather & Company BRIAN H. LONGSON, Toronto Transit Commission JEFFREY G. MORA, Federal Transit Administration NEVILLE A. PARKER, The City College of New York TIMOTHY L. REED, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority RAYMOND L. STERLING, Louisiana Tech University RAJEN UDESHI, MTA New York City Transit JACK M. YEE, Bay Area Rapid Transit GLENN C. ZIKA, Chicago Transit Authority Transportation Research Board National Research Council Research Sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration in Cooperation with the Transit Development Corporation NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1997 TRANSIT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM TCRP SYNTHESIS 23 Project J-7, Topic SD-2 The nation's growth and the need to meet mobility, ISSN 10734880 environmental, and energy objectives place demands on public ISBN 0-309-06017-6 transit systems. Current systems, some of which are old and in need Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 96-060780 of upgrading, must expand service area, inclease service frequency, © 1997 Transportation Research Board and improve efficiency to serve these demands. Research is necessary to solve operating problems, to adapt appropliate new technologies fiom other industries, and to introduce innovations into Price $20.00 the transit industry. The Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the transit industry can develop innovative near-term solutions to meet demands NOTICE placed on it. The need for TCRP was originally identified in TRB Special The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Transit Report 213--Research for Public Transit: New Directions, published Cooperative Research Program conducted by the Transportation in 1987 and based on a study sponsored by the Federal Transit Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the Administration (FTA). A report by the American Public Transit National Research Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Association (APTA), Transportation 2000, also recognized the need Board's judgment that the project concerned is appropriate with for local, problem-solving research TCRP, modeled after the respect to both the purposes and resources of the National Research longstanding and successful National Cooperative Highway Research Council. Program, undertakes research and other technical activities in The members of the technical advisory panel selected to response to the needs of transit service providers. The scope of vice monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for configuration, equipment, facilities, operations, human resources, recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration for the maintenance, policy, and administrative practices. balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and TCRP was established under FTA sponsorship in July 1992. conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency Proposed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, TCRP was that performed the research, and while they have been accepted as authorized as part of the Intermodal Surface Transportation appropriate by the technical panel, they are not necessarily those of Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). On May 13, 1992, a memorandum the Transportation Research Board, the Transit Development agreement outlining TCRP operating procedures was executed by the Corporation, the National Research Council, or the Federal Transit three cooperating organizations: FTA, the National Academy of Administration of the